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Homeless and Housing Resource contributing writer Steven Samra opens up about his mental health recovery journey and from his perspective what peers need to help into support others who are experiencing acute symptoms overcome ostracism, shame, and misinformation.
I "aged out" of the mental health system at 17, after having spent much of my adolescence under the influence and control of the amphetamine Dexedrine, which was used to treat Attention Deficit Disorder for "hyperactive" children in the days before Ritalin and Adderall. For the following 23 years, I wandered from job to job, relationship to relationship, and street drug to street drug, trying to calm the anxiety and the uncontrollable need to move, talk, think, and do something—anything. I suffered classic hypomania symptoms of bipolar disorder throughout my adult life, and eventually gravitated towards those drugs to help me slow down the noise and activity in my mind and body. Throughout those decades, the idea of experiencing a mental health condition never really occurred to me. After all, I had been "cured" back in the 70's, and there was no way I was "crazy"; I was just "high energy," which frankly served me quite well until I would "overamp" and make inappropriate decisions due to my inability to gauge and tailor/control my own behavior and responses effectively. Worse, even if I would have been self-aware that I was experiencing a mental health condition, I would have never told anyone because being branded with a "mental illness" brought with it almost certain scorn, ridicule, ostracism, and blatant discrimination from those in my immediate circle and the larger community. It wasn't until I entered counseling and a Methadone maintenance program in early 2000 that I began to understand there was something underlying my compulsion to use, a need to self-medicate symptoms of my mental health challenges away.
Fast forward 15 years later and today I am in the final stages of a medically supervised withdrawal from Methadone, but more importantly, I am acutely aware that I suffer from some mental health challenges, exacerbated by trauma experienced as a youth and the repeated retraumatization—accompanied by "collateral" trauma—of decisions and behaviors related to a life spent in addiction. Today, I wear the scars of my addiction and underlying mental health conditions on my sleeve. I do so because when I was open to and seeking treatment, I didn't ask the service deliverer I approached whether they were "addiction" or "mental health." I asked, "can you help me figure out what is going on inside?" Unfortunately, what I found was that very few were able to work with me on both fronts and that treatment delineation, to a large extent, continues in provider organizations today. Strides have been made, to be sure, but we as providers, as people in recovery, and as people needing the support of both groups, are still seemingly light years from effective and complimentary dual treatment options. Worse, the discrimination, ignorance, and fear of those experiencing a "mental illness" are still rampant in our communities and show little sign of abating anytime soon.To help combat this, I and many others now talk openly, freely, and regularly about our "co-occurring" disorder and work daily to raise awareness, reduce discrimination, and promote mental health because with mental health comes not just recovery from the condition, but a liberating freedom, self-esteem, and genuine self-worth as well. We stand as a testament, along with millions of others—colleagues, friends, and peers—that recovery from both addiction and mental health challenges is not only possible, but to be expected. From my perspective, what my peers need to do to help support those who are both in recovery and experiencing acute symptoms is simple:
We are making progress every day, and the more we share about our lived experience and our journey into recovery, the more we raise awareness, smash stereotypes, and reduce the ignorance associated with mental health issues. Make no mistake; however, we still have a very long road to travel, and it will be up to us to walk in the daylight along this path so that others are unafraid—and in fact, empowered—to join us. Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tags: Blog, Addiction, Mental Health, Recovery
Category: General | Guest Entry
Homeless and Housing Resource Network contributing writer Rachael Kenney illuminates the challenges that couples experiencing homelessness face in forming connections with others as well as redefining intimacy in their daily lives.
Mark: "Well, if you had three wishes, what would they be?"Paul: "House. Job. Baby."
Watch a few of Mark Horvath's videos about couples and it immediately becomes clear: Couples that are homeless have a similar desire for intimacy as couples who aren't homeless. Not just physical intimacy, but emotional intimacy; a sense of closeness and emotional warmth. But so many of the ways that we build intimacy aren't accessible while homeless. There is no kitchen in which to cook for one another, no TV to cuddle in front of, and no place to come home to together. Paul, and his girlfriend Katie met when they were both already living on the street in London. Like many young folks on the street, they were not in school and could not secure employment, so they built intimacy by spending all of their time together, searching for resources, panhandling, and just waiting for tomorrow. One might suggest that these relationships are dangerous, that the young people glamorize homelessness and getting into relationships will just perpetuate the situation. There is some truth to this claim, as couples have more difficulty getting off the street because they often disregard housing options that won't allow them to stay together. But dating while living on the street can also have a positive impact. For Katie, homelessness and her relationship with Paul contributed to her sobriety.
Others, like Edward and Anita, were married for twenty-two years before they became homeless. It appears that their strong foundation is what carries them through episodes of homelessness. And then there are Maria and Neville:
Maria: "[I'd wish for] a cheap little car so I can get around, and a wheelchair. Actually, a wheelchair is my priority."Neville: "And each other."Maria: "And each other. We've been married for four months, been together for five years. And I've never been happier in the sense of a relationship."Even with the stressors of being homeless together, these people value their relationships and work hard to maintain them. Their relationships remind them that they are valuable and worthy. They are important in at least one other person's life. When night falls, these three couples can be found "sleeping rough," or on the street. Some of the reasons they do this are the same reasons that single people avoid shelters: theft, violence, and strict rules. But couples also sleep outside because most shelters can't accommodate couples, even same-sex couples, in the same sleeping quarters. Sleeping rough may be a way to hang on to a sense of normalcy. Regardless of whether or not they are physically intimate during this time together, it gives them the opportunity to build emotional intimacy. And as they close their eyes and drift off into sleep, they can almost believe that they are holding one another in bed in their own home. And that the light from the stars and the streetlights is filtering in through the windows, rather than directly down on them from above.Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tags: Blog, Homelessness, Intimacy, Rough Sleeping
Homeless and Housing Resource Network contributing writer Valerie Gold recounts the experience joining a team of runners from Back On My Feet, an organization that uses running to help people experiencing homelessness change the way they see themselves and to achieve real change.
So much of the work to address homelessness involves waiting: waiting for people's names to rise to the top of various lists, waiting for apartments to pass inspection, waiting for replacement documents, approvals, or funds. Waiting, and its accompanying frustrations, contribute to the sense of powerlessness and hopelessness endured by many people experiencing homelessness.As 2014 begins, Back On My Feet (BOMF) is not waiting, but instead is racing forward with its mission to use running to help people experiencing homelessness to realize their own power and to achieve real change. With the addition of two new chapters in the last twelve months, BOMF now operates running teams based in homeless shelters in eleven cities across the country. Nearly 400 individuals experiencing homelessness are running with these teams each month. Eighty-two percent report that their health is good or excellent, and 94 percent describe themselves as hopeful about their futures. And so far, 46 percent of BOMF runners have obtained employment, housing, or both.The Monday before Thanksgiving, I joined the team of BOMF runners who live at the New England Shelter for Homeless Veterans for a pre-dawn run. The team assembled at 5:20 a.m. in the lobby of the shelter. The runners were easy to spot, bundled up in BOMF tracksuits and shod in bright new running shoes. As we waited for a few volunteers (referred to as "nonresident team members") to arrive, Eric,* a tall and friendly vet with an easy laugh, described the 5K race in South Boston that he had run the day before through a fierce wind and temperatures well below freezing. This was his first race, he said, and he almost stopped several times, but was urged on by Kathleen, BOMF's Program Coordinator, who ran with him the entire way to set his pace and make sure that he achieved his goal of completing the event.Once everyone arrived, we moved outside, formed a circle, did some jumping jacks to warm up, and then put our arms around one another and recited the Serenity Prayer. And then we were off. I settled in to run next to Joe, an elegantly-coiffed runner with a white goatee whose pace accelerated as the stars faded and the moon slowly set, until I nearly collapsed from trying to keep up with him. The physical suffering was worth it, as Joe was a great conversationalist, expounding upon the concepts of self-efficacy and mental toughness as I gasped and groaned and otherwise generally displayed my lack of any toughness – mental or otherwise. When I finally gave up and waved Joe on, I was immediately joined by a group of women from the Common Ground Team. One of them had her arm in a sling, and all of them shivered cheerfully as they introduced themselves and told me how long they had been on the team. I had no idea which of them were people experiencing homelessness and which of them were nonresident team members. This is part of what works about BOMF– by building teams of runners instead of groups of givers and recipients of support, of assistance, of anything but fellowship and mutual encouragement and accountability, BOMF makes it possible for people who have experienced terrible things, including great isolation, to resocialize and reconnect with others, while building or rebuilding key aspects of their identities: as athletes, teammates, morning people, or just plain survivors. At the same time, nonresident runners have the opportunity to connect in a meaningful and immediately rewarding way with people with whom they might otherwise never be engaged.
After my run, I followed the Boston BOMF staff back to the offices that they occupy, courtesy of Comcast. Victor, Kathleen, and Allison, all fearsomely fit, energetic, and passionate about their work, described their goals for doubling the number of BOMF runners in Boston, and for maximizing the positive impact of their program through strategic partnerships with homeless service providers and individualized supports for runners. They shared challenges, ranging from the easily addressed (advising a new team member that he should relieve himself before leaving the shelter as opposed to doing so mid-run in front of his teammates) to the more complex, like the heightened risk of substance abuse relapse, arrest, or other crisis occurring during the weeks between Thanksgiving and New Year's Day. Running alone won't eliminate this risk, of course, but it can help, and the accountability and sense of belonging that comes from being on a team provides further protection. As Victor, the Boston Executive Director, shared his plans for "over programming" with movie nights, dinners, and races during this period, his investment in the safety and success of each team member was clear.BOMF is more than a novel idea or a promising practice. It is a reminder that the people we work with in outreach programs and homeless shelters have limitless potential for healing and growth. Running is a great way to tap into this potential. It changes a person from the inside out, and provides a daily demonstration of the lesson so eloquently articulated within BOMF's vision statement: If we keep moving forward, we arrive someplace different, we arrive stronger and often as better versions of ourselves. Of course, running is not the only way to move forward or fulfill potential. As 2014 begins, I challenge myself and my colleagues to stop waiting and take inspiration from BOMF to search for new and better ways to be reminded of the tremendous power that each of us holds within.*Permission was granted by all of the individuals identified in this piece to share first names.Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at email@example.com.
Tags: Blog, Sports, Homelessness, Employment
Homeless and Housing Resource Network contributing writer Lisa Sephai details the significance of Homeless Persons Memorial Day that have been held annually since 1990 on the longest night of the year. These national events are aimed at raising awareness of the tragedy of homelessness and to remember individuals who have died on the streets.
Nancy* was 54 years old when she died of cancer. I first met Nancy at an overnight homeless shelter. She was bubbly and happy-go-lucky, her bright personality stood out despite her dire circumstances. Nancy spent the previous four years living on the streets after losing her job as an accountant. Shortly after I met Nancy, she was offered permanent housing through a Housing First program. This housing opportunity could not have come soon enough; shortly after becoming housed, Nancy learned that she had terminal cancer. Fortunately, Nancy was housed when she died, but the years on the streets had a significant impact on her health and her ability to seek the treatment that she needed to diagnose and treat her illness. Nancy's story is not unique; however, Nancy was fortunate to die in the comfort of her own home with her friends around her. Many people experiencing homelessness are not as fortunate and die on the streets. It is for this reason that each year The National Coalition for the Homeless, the National Consumer Advisory Board, and the National Health Care for the Homeless Council encourage communities to host public events on December 21 to remember those individuals in our communities who have died homeless in the past year. Homeless Persons Memorial Day events have been held every year around the first day of winter and the longest night of year since 1990. Homeless Persons Memorial Day raises awareness of the tragedy of homelessness and serves to stand as a public memorial in recognition of friends and neighbors who have died on the streets. The National Health Care for the Homeless Council provides toolkits that include an organizing manual, posters, and fact sheet to help groups organize events every year. According to The National Health Care for the Homeless Council:
Homeless Persons Memorial Day is an opportunity to bring attention to an every day tragedy. It stands as a testament to the vital importance that housing plays to the health, well-being, and safety of all people.
For more information on events in your area or if you are interesting in hosting your own event, visit: http://www.nhchc.org/resources/consumer/homeless-persons-memorial-day/ and http://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/2013-national-homeless-persons-memorial-day-organizing-manual.pdf*Name has been changed
Source: National Health Care for the Homeless Council (2006) "The Hard, Cold Facts About the Deaths of Homeless People" http://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/HardColdFacts.pdf
Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tags: Homeless, Memorial, Housing First, Illness
Youth homelessness is a major problem. There are many young people on the street on a given night with nowhere to go and no access to adequate shelter. That being said, with every social injustice in the world today, you have people who work tirelessly to fight for change. These activists don't do this for any attention or reward, but because they want to see a difference and see an eventual end to a perpetual problem. Bridge over Troubled Water (BOTW) is an organization that since its inception in the 1970's has helped over 80,000 homeless and runaway youth out of the grips of poverty and into self-sufficiency. This shelter may look like an ordinary cozy house like its neighbors on the street, but the power within is something that you just need to visit for yourself to experience.
One of the case managers, Theresa Heisler known by everyone as "Terri", a 23-year veteran, was gracious enough to give me a tour of the shelter. At this particular location, they deal with four primary groups of young adults: males, females, runaways, and young mothers with children. Each group has their own housing area, but they come together for community dinners and social events. When I arrived, I spent most of my time in the young mothers building. During the tour, I noticed the housing itself is well kept. Fridges are filled with healthy choices, and the mothers have a monthly trip to BJ's, a wholesale warehouse grocery and retail store. The bedrooms are tidy and the young people are encouraged to keep the house clean and organized. I could go on about the housing itself, but the power of this shelter isn't so much in the housing as much as it is the people in it.
These mothers are nothing short of amazing young women. As a young man I can't imagine all the work that goes into raising a child. These young women also work (some working multiple jobs) and complete assigned house tasks and attend classes. It's inspiring to hear their stories of survival to make it to where they are today. A few stories Terri told me were tough to hear. One mother shared that she had become homeless after an unfortunate incident forced her out of her family's house. Then she lost custody of her son. She ended up coming to the BOTW shelter where she worked hard to get her son back. She continues to work 40+ hours a week at popular restaurant chain while enrolled in a BOTW GED program as well. This is one of many powerful stories that I came across in that shelter. These young people have been through a lot. As Terri put it, "It's like they are carrying the weight of the world on their shoulder". What I admire about all these young people is that although life has them on the ropes and is hitting them with everything it got, they continue to fight and endure.
What BOTW hopes to do is not only to offer these young people in need safe and adequate shelter, but to teach skills so that they could one day successfully make the transition from shelter to permanent housing. Young people staying in the shelter are encouraged to make preparations for independent living. They are assigned house tasks specifically to ensure they have a good foundation once they move out and will need to perform household duties in their own apartment. The shelter also provides the young people with resources to not only get on their feet, but have fun as well. Throughout the buildings, there are bulletin boards filled with information about free events, job postings, employment opportunities, as well as healthcare resources.
The staff members are incredible men and women. I didn't get a chance to meet all of them but Terri, Cynthia, and Steve are three people who genuinely care and work tirelessly, to help young people. While some people might see these young people's present circumstances alone, staff members at BOTW see their untapped potential. Shelter staff members are present 24 hours a day, and are really invested in these young people's lives. As Terri put it, "We try to find out who they are, what they like, help them with their self esteem, and meet their goals so that one day these kids could have the life they dream about."
While on the tour I came across an image that I feel does a great job in summing the program, the people, and the shelter. This image was a photo taken during a recent graduation. In the picture it shows one young mother smiling proudly in her cap and gown with her handsome son dressed up right by her side. The picture is just one of many successful stories that come out of this house. It shows that although the odds appear to be stacked, one can always overcome. This whole experience has made me even more grateful for the support system and opportunities I have in my life. It also energizes me to do more as far as being an advocate for unaccompanied homeless youth. As a young person I know I would not be where I am today had it not been for the great support system around me.
Tags: Runaway, Employment, Shelter, Young Adults
I have been inspired by the many stories of the people who I have encountered in the nearly twenty years of working in the field. However, there is one story in particular that has motivated me over the last several years. Prior to joining my current employer I was the lead for homelessness strategic planning for a Continuum of Care.
I met Martin* at a Project Homeless Connect event. Among all the hustle and bustle of people streaming in, seeking services, lining up for dental care, or signing up for legal aid, I saw Martin. He walked into the church community room with a gruff look on his face, paying no mind to anyone. Martin had wiry long blonde hair, which seemed to be growing out of control; he immediately sat right down to get his haircut. Within minutes he looked like a new man, as his demeanor changed and a smile began to grow on his face. It was at this moment that Martin became fixed in my memory.
Martin's story became clearer when I saw him drinking on a picnic table near my office parking lot. At this point, I realized that Martin was living on a hill above my office. I would see him every day from my office window; the irony of this was not lost on me, as our offices housed not only myself-- charged with organizing a community-wide response to homelessness-- but the administrative offices for Health and Human Services. I eventually learned more about Martin through connections with the local day center providing case management. Martin was a Vietnam veteran; he had been homeless for over ten years and was suffering from substance use disorder. I also learned Martin's routine by observing him out my window, where I noticed that he would spend much of his time during the day drinking at the picnic table. On days that I would not see him I would worry and call his case manager to learn that he was in jail or his tent had burned down.
Although Martin was one of many individuals and families that I came to know over the years, Martin was a constant reminder of the need to do more to find permanent options for persons who are chronically homeless with substance abuse problems. Martin became the inspiration for the introduction of a new Housing First program. I was able to use Martin's story and examples of the success of the Housing First model in other communities to secure funding for a program which would permanently house the most vulnerable chronically homeless individuals in the community with no conditions placed on sobriety or participation in services.
Once the program was up and running it took some time for Martin to consider housing, but he is today successfully and happily housed. Martin has engaged more in services and has cut back on his drinking. He still has a drink at the same picnic table, but at the end of the day he has a safe, stable foundation from which to continue to make positive changes in his life.
*Martin's name has been change to protect his identity.
In 2005 Nashville joined many other cities in the development and implementation of a 10-year plan to end homelessness. Unfortunately, despite the best intentions, Nashville has, like many American cities, struggled to accomplish the goal. A cadre of obstacles and barriers, including, but certainly not limited to scarce resources, reliance on "readiness" as a precursor to obtaining housing, a closed Homeless Management Information System, lack of affordable units and housing vouchers, all contributed to the challenge of procuring housing. A lack of coordination among area behavioral health providers exacerbated these challenges, and frustration and hopelessness were increasing within the homeless community with each passing year. Thanks to the efforts of a new Executive Director at the Nashville Metropolitan Homelessness Commission and a committed team of Commissioners, partners, and volunteers, a partnership with the 100,000 Homes Campaign, and a collaboration of several local providers and faith-based organizations, the situation appears to be changing for the better. On May 29-31, 2013, twenty teams comprised of over 100 community volunteers canvassed the streets and campsites of Nashville, Tennessee, using the Vulnerability Index to survey and create a priority list of individuals experiencing street homelessness who are most at risk of premature death if they remain homeless. The Vulnerability Index, created by Dr. Jim O'Connell, President of the Boston Healthcare for the Homeless program, identifies those who have been homeless the longest and are the most vulnerable. In addition to gathering the names, pictures, and dates of birth of individuals sleeping on the streets, the teams also captured data on their health status, institutional history (jail, prison, hospital, and military), length of homelessness, patterns of shelter use, and their previous housing histories. A heavily attended community meeting was held on June 4, 2013, to discuss the results of the survey and kick off the start of a new campaign, "How's Nashville". The immediate goal of the campaign is to house 200 of the most vulnerable and chronically homeless into housing within 100 days. Once this is completed, How's Nashville will continue the effort to house the city's most vulnerable members with the ultimate goal of ending homelessness within the city by 2015. Although using a Housing First approach is often more cost effective than alternate methods, and certainly more so than managing homelessness on the street, there are still costs associated with providing housing to those experiencing homelessness. Community members rose to the financial challenge associated with the campaign, donating $36,000 during the June meeting to help defray move-in costs associated with the transition from street to home. Outreach workers began immediately moving individuals identified as high priority into housing at the end of the meeting, and invited attendees to walk with them to a welcome home celebration. Through the city's efforts, one individual was identified as "most vulnerable" and was moved into housing after more than 7 years of life on the street. The campaign is off to a strong start with 43 people successfully housed and supported during the month of June. Conversely, from January to May 2013, just 19 people experiencing homelessness were placed into housing. uly is also off to a solid start and should meet or exceed the minimum number of placements needed to meet the final housing goal of 200 people housed within 100 days. Nashville's homeless population may finally have reason for optimism instead of pessimism. There will continue to be challenges associated with scarce resources and the city's approach is far from perfect. Clearly however, Nashville has turned a corner and embraced a new approach that is proven to dramatically reduce homelessness. With the momentum of the How's Nashville campaign firmly pushing the effort forward, for the first time in many years, Nashville is housing those experiencing homelessness in a systematic, logical, and coordinated manner. The future appears brighter for the city's most vulnerable residents than it has been for a very long time. Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at email@example.com.
Tags: Homelessness, Nashville, Housing, Vulnerability Index
Sitting in my living room, sipping on a cup of "just right" coffee and glued to the television, I begin my morning's laughing until it hurts. On this day, Steve Harvey ends his segment with an even more hilarious joke. And, I think to myself, "what a great start to the day!" Excited for more hilarity, I was surprised when the program sudden shifts in tone from happiness to somberness. Noah, a 12 year-old, round-faced, handsome boy poised beyond his years is introduced. He quietly talks about what it is like to be deemed different and discredited—a target of bullying: "I was thinking of committing suicide after the kids kept bullying me. They called me ugly… I didn't think anybody cared. I was going to kill myself on my 13th birthday. I thought to myself who ever said, 'Words don't hurt?'"Steve asked Noah's mother, "How is it to hear this from your son?" The sadness in her voice was as striking as her words, "I had no idea what he was going through. I found out when I received a call from one of his friend's mother. This past weekend he had posted on his Instagram account that he was planning to commit suicide on his birthday. He also posted images of his arm where he has been cutting himself for the past two months. My heart sank. I knew I had to do something. We immediately took him to the hospital." His mother continued, "While waiting in the ER, I took to Facebook. Noah has been dealing with bullying for the past year. He has been feeling alone and left out, ostracized from old friends and a misfit among new kids. Noah is getting treatment, but he needs people to rally. Which is why I've created the website Letters for Noah and a Facebook Page." Noah continued, "Thousands of people I didn't even know sent me cards and e-mails telling me to hang in there. I didn't know people cared." When he was asked why he wanted to tell his story, he said, "I wanted other people to know that they are not alone. Other people will help you!" Noah has turned his experience of victimization into one of empowerment. Strangers reached out to him with loving words. Their support helped Noah feel reconnected. Noah's story reminds us of the power of receiving kind words. The support Noah received could be defined as a "holding environment"—a community of individuals who spoke with compassion and hope for his recovery that became nurturers who soothed his pain. Noah actively accepted this show of love and is now demonstrating how to use his story to help others. Stories can be a gift that keeps on giving by connecting us out of our isolation. Words of support by strangers created a loving community, a container of love that held and lessened this young boy's pain. Noah's story has the power to warm our hearts. I believe that suffering is diminished when we witness love in action. This kind of love is how stigma, hate, and fear are transformed.Noah's story is an example of the transformative and restorative power that hope and access to an inclusive community can provide. People who experience homelessness, mental illness, trauma, and/or substance use conditions are often met with stigma, discrimination, and prejudice—all of which are forms of bullying. Noah has shown us what helps. As strangers, professionals, and lay individuals, each of us can reach out, include others, show care, and share stories to form a community that provides a lifeline and roadmap to recovery. I believe that people are our greatest resource and source of healing and hope.Additional Readings:Chaudoir, S. R., Earnshaw, V. A., & Andel, S. (2013). "Discredited" Versus "Discreditable": Understanding How Shared and Unique Stigma Mechanisms Affect Psychological and Physical Health Disparities. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), 75-87.Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at email@example.com
Tags: feature, blog, stigma, support networks
Homeless and Housing Resource Network contributing writer Susan Milstrey Wells shares her observations about the stark contrast between the opulence of Las Vegas, its citizens who are homeless, and her uneasiness about how to respond.
I recently returned from attending a conference in Las Vegas. It was my first trip to the aptly named Sin City, where every manner of decadent behavior is on display 24/7. It didn't take me long to discover that Las Vegas isn't my kind of town. I don't drink, smoke, or gamble. I do love to shop, but the prices in Vegas are eye-popping. You can spend $400 to $800 a day on a pool cabana, complete with television and a private cocktail waitress. Or you can order a $1,000 sundae covered in 23K edible gold leaf served with an 18K gold spoon. You get to keep the spoon.But you don't have to look far, amid the opulence and the excess, to find the sadder, seamier side of Vegas. On every overpass, street corner, and grand entrance to an even grander hotel and casino are people whose luck has run out. People who are homeless in Las Vegas are in stark contrast to their surroundings. I've been in major cities—New York; Washington, DC; San Francisco. I've seen people who are homeless. But this time they really got to me.After 25 years of writing about homelessness, I know that giving money to people I see on the streets isn't a good idea. But I wanted to help. I wanted to give twice what he was asking to the man whose sign read, "Girlfriend locked in pay toilet; need 50 cents to free her." I thought his creativity surely was worth $1. Or the man whose sign said simply, "Trust me, this sucks." Undoubtedly his honesty was worth some help. I kept my wallet closed, but I couldn't get these people out of my mind. And a little bit of research revealed that I was only seeing the tip of the iceberg. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) 2012 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness, Las Vegas has the fifth largest number of homeless people in the country, at more than 8,700. Nearly 65 percent of these individuals are unsheltered, but many of them you never see. In his book Beneath the Neon: Life and Death in the Tunnels of Las Vegas, author Matthew O'Brien tells the story of people who live in the tunnels under the Las Vegas strip. Built to protect the desert from flash floods, they are now home to people like Steve, who moved underground after a drug problem left him homeless. Profiled by ABC's Nightline program in 2009, Steve said he got clean when he met his fiancée, Katherine. Steve and Katherine slept by day—under Caesars Palace, where my room cost $200 a night. They played the slots in the evening, sometimes earning as much as $50 a day.But the casinos are always the big winners. According to the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, in the first two months of this year alone, gaming revenue on the Las Vegas Strip was $1.2 billion. In 2012, the average visitor stayed three nights and wagered $485. This is in a city where the per capita annual income (in 2011 dollars) was $26,755 and 15 percent of residents live below the poverty line.Perhaps things are getting better. In 2006, Las Vegas enacted its 10-year plan to end homelessness. And the city saw the third largest decrease in homelessness between 2011 and 2012, according to HUD. Clearly, I don't have any answers. And I'm not pure of heart. While in Vegas, I luxuriated in a bathroom that was as big as my bedroom back home. I fell in love with a $400 purse that I almost bought. But I wish I'd given a dollar, or maybe two, to the man who needed to free his girlfriend from the restroom. Mostly, I wish I'd had the courage, and the humanity, to look him in the eye and smile. Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at email@example.com
Tags: feature, blog, personal experience
Category: Guest Entry
Homeless and Housing Resource Network contributing writer Melissa Cogswell shares her personal experience with mental illness—her struggles, her strength, and her realization that having a diagnosis does not mean that you are the diagnosis.
I have bipolar disorder. It has taken me ten years, numerous doctors and therapists, many medications, countless relationships, and too many cycles through mania and depression to count (or even remember) to realize that I HAVE bipolar, not that I AM bipolar. I was first diagnosed when I was nineteen. I was informed that I was bipolar and that if I wasn't heavily medicated, I would kill myself. It felt like a death sentence; at least if I committed suicide, I would have some level of control. After I began the medications, I went from being a driven, curious, academically inclined person to a lump that slept twenty hours a day. I couldn't read; I couldn't think; I could barely focus to watch a 30-minute sitcom on TV. I knew that I couldn't handle a life I wasn't living, so I stopped seeing the doctor. I stopped taking the medications. I began to self-medicate. I spent years cycling through mania and depression, occasionally seeking help from a doctor whose first inclination was to medicate me. No one wanted to hear what I wanted. I felt that, because I was ill, what I wanted didn't matter. The doctors "knew" what was best for me. I had to obey or not receive treatment. I opted not to seek treatment. In the summer of 2008, I found myself in the emergency room after being sexually assaulted. I was manic and I was scared. I asked for a doctor and I asked for medication; both were provided to me. I immediately liked Dr. S. She wanted to hear how I felt and not just prescribe me drugs. She listened to me. She didn't just want to talk about my illness. In her office I talked about my hopes, my dreams, my goals, and my relationships. In her office I realized that I wasn't my illness. My illness was, and always will be, a part of me, but it does not define me. After several months working with Dr. S and taking medication I realized that it was not what I wanted. The drugs kept me from cycling, dulled my thinking, and had other impacts on my life that I wasn't comfortable with. With trepidation, I asked her if we could begin to work towards managing my illness without medication. After listening to me explain how I felt I could manage my illness with the coping skills we had identified in our time together, she readily agreed. She understood that this was my life and my illness, and it was her job to help me implement the choices that I felt were best for me. Dr. S. helped me understand that I am not bipolar, but instead that I have bipolar disorder. She was the first doctor I worked with who understood that I was not my illness; that I had my own hopes, dreams, and goals; and, just like people without mental illness, I am allowed to decide what is best for me. Interested in being a HRC Guest Blogger? Email us at email@example.com.
Tags: feature, blog, lived experience, mental illness

subset: commoncrawl


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Photos by Mazda. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, This was supposed to be a "Speed Read" featuring Mazda's new CX-5 crossover, and then it was going to be a two-part Speed Read so that I could include a new SKYACTIV-equipped Mazda3i Touring 5-Door. Instead, Buy cheap Inderal no rx, after reflecting on a long weekend with Mazda at the Baltimore Grand Prix, I'm going to use this space to talk a little more about the company whose support for automotive enthusiasts cannot possibly be overstated.
2%, where can i order Inderal without prescription. That's Mazda's current U.S. Buy Inderal no prescription, market share, give or take a few tenths. The auto manufacturer that just years ago was a "jewel" in the Ford crown and one of the most profitable brands in the blue oval empire, has recently faced declining market share and financial uncertainty, Buy Inderal Without Prescription.
This "job" affords me the luxury of driving all sorts of cars from a wide range of manufacturers, online buying Inderal, from inexpensive Kia subcompacts all the way up to full-sized Porsche sedans. Inderal no rx, Despite this diversity, I'm always happy when I hear that I'll be getting Mazda's press cars. From the humble Mazda2 all the way up to the CX-9, Inderal without a prescription, they're always a blast to drive. Buy cheap Inderal no rx, The current MX-5 Miata, much maligned for its alleged softness compared to previous generations, is still one of the best driver's cars in the world, purchase Inderal online no prescription, bar-none, Online buy Inderal without a prescription, delivering 80% of the experience of driving a Porsche Boxster for less than 50% of the purchase price. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, That's no accident. Mazda just knows how to build a fun car.
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And you'd be foolish to assume that Mazda is simply referring to the thousands of Spec Miata competitors buzzing around club racing circuits every year. Indeed, at the Baltimore Grand Prix, Mazda racers or series alumni made up the plurality of drivers at the event—Indycar and ALMS included, Buy Inderal Without Prescription. You're reading that correctly… of all the feeder series and programs out there for new drivers, Inderal over the counter, more came to Baltimore, Inderal cost, whether directly or indirectly, as a result of a Mazda-sponsored professional driving series than any other educational program. From the USF2000 and Star Mazda series right on up to the Firestone Indy Lights and the boys and girls in the big show, my Inderal experience, Mazda's hardware was on the pavement and their graduates were in the cars. Buy Inderal without a prescription, No other manufacturer, especially in America, promotes and facilitates racing on the scale that Mazda does, buy generic Inderal. Period. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, This is the sort of thing that counts with us here at SSL. Online buying Inderal, We're racers and race fans and weekend road warriors, so we appreciate it when manufacturers enable our addiction. So it's strange that I haven't dedicated a lot of space to Mazda's corporate situation here at SSL, Inderal steet value. It's stranger still when you consider that the first piece I ever wrote for Speed:Sport:Life was about our 2005 Mazda RX-8, Inderal wiki, the first press car I ever reviewed was a 2010 Mazda3i Touring, the first car I ever took to the track was my 2006 Mazda6s 5-Door, and the first project car I bought myself was my 1990 MX-5, order Inderal online overnight delivery no prescription. I've written columns about Chrysler and Volkswagen, Inderal alternatives, about Ford and even General Motors, but never about Mazda.
Unfortunately, it's the fun that has burned Mazda to a degree, Buy Inderal Without Prescription. Fun alone can't build volume, Inderal maximum dosage. Hell, Inderal schedule, as Porsche has proven, fun and exclusivity still aren't always enough. The aforementioned Miata may be the most successful small roadster in modern history, Inderal street price, but Mazda only sells a few hundred of them every month. Inderal overnight, The RX-8 was even less prolific over its eight-year run. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, To make matters worse, neither of these cars puts a premium on fuel economy. Sure, a delicately-driven Miata can hit 30mpg on a highway cruise, where can i find Inderal online, but when you consider that Ford's 300hp, Where can i buy Inderal online, V6-powered Mustang can do better, that's a hard pill to swallow. Even the turbocharged, purchase Inderal for sale, direct-injected Mazdaspeed3 can't match that with any regularity. Buy Inderal from canada, It's a malady that has impacted their lineup from top to bottom. When Mazda refreshed the 3 lineup for the 2010 model year, the only trim with an EPA highway rating above 30mpg was the i 4-Door, about Inderal, with its 148hp, Ordering Inderal online, 2.0L engine. As you can imagine, that simply won't cut it in today's market, Buy Inderal Without Prescription. It's easy to understand then what the new SKYACTIV philosophy represents for Mazda, and why it has been so well received by the automotive press as a whole, Inderal forum.
While we're happy to get good gas mileage, Inderal brand name, it's really incidental to the driving experience. So what's really remarkable to us is that the new SKYACTIV models are still thoroughly Mazda, and that Mazda is still embracing "fun to drive" as the core of their marketing strategy, buy Inderal online no prescription.
Consider this: When I requested a CX-5 presser in June, Inderal reviews, I had my sights set on a local club autocross. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, Most manufacturers would flinch at the first sign of a performance driving event, especially for a crossover, but Mazda's reps embraced it without hesitation. If only Honda had been so enthusiastic about my Crosstour review. And it's to the Mazda's credit as much as to my own that the "underpowered" CX-5 finished a healthy ten cars out of last place, buying Inderal online over the counter. If you could ask that E92 M3 owner how he felt about beating a 155hp, Buy Inderal online cod, 3,200lb crossover by just a hair over two-tenths, I imagine his reply would be accompanied by a bit of a scowl, rx free Inderal.
Since driving the CX-5 back in the summer, Inderal mg, I've had the opportunity to try out Ford's most direct competitor, the 1.6L EcoBoosted Escape, and the Mazda is the Ford's better in almost every way, Inderal trusted pharmacy reviews. Mazda's in-car entertainment and navigation tools may be lagging Ford's, but when it comes to the chassis and power train, CX-5 slaughters the heftier, softer Escape, Buy Inderal Without Prescription. The extra torque from the Escape's turbocharged motor goes unappreciated due to the extra weight it carries around, and when the roads start to twist, the Mazda's lithe frame and edgier suspension tune give it every advantage in the world. The Escape might edge out the CX-5 from 0-60, but not by much, and certainly not enough that it's worth the handling penalty.
Mazda's new 3 and CX-5 are both fantastic cars. They're quiet, they're comfortable and they're fun to drive. Buy Inderal Without Prescription, They don't rely on gimmicks like super aggressive throttle tip-in or enormous factory wheels to convey sportiness; they're just sporty. The Mazda3i 4-Door I drove earlier in the year had snow tires on it, in fact, and still handled beautifully even in mild early spring weather.
I won't reiterate the nitty-gritty details of SKYACTIV at this point. You've seen the praise and heard the hype. All I can say is that you should believe every word of it. Both of these cars deliver excellent driving experiences and significantly improved efficiency over their outgoing equivalents, all the while throwing out some of the pointless tuning trends that enthusiasts have trash-talked since the industry fully migrated to drive-by-wire, Buy Inderal Without Prescription. In short, they still drive like Mazdas, even if they don't drink gas the way cars built by the last remaining defender of the Wankel engine often do—all of the upsides, none of the downsides.
It's with these two cars, and the new 6 to come, that Mazda is looking to claw their way back into the mainstream car buyer's consciousness again—to break out of that 2% niche and rebuild the brand. And we'll be pulling for them, because like Mazda, we enthusiasts are a minority. And like many race fans, we enjoy a good underdog story.
Mazda provided the CX-5 and Mazda3 SKYACTIV models for the purposes of this review. Big thanks to Katie Orgler and Shawn Roberts of the Mazda Sports Car Club of Washington for hosting an excellent event. Thanks to Mazda for hosting us at the Grand Prix. .
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Opportunity enormous for Australian agriculture exports to Asia
PUBLISHED: 13 Jun 2013 00:31:29 | UPDATED: 13 Jun 2013 00:31:29PUBLISHED: 13 Jun 2013 PRINT EDITION: 13 Jun 2013Demand for food in Asia will likely double between 2007 and 2050 presenting Australia with huge exporting opportunities. Photo: Tamara Voninski
Gayle Bryant
The federal government released its National Food Plan in May with one of its goals being to increase Australia's agriculture and food-related exports by 45 per cent by 2025. The plan builds on the government's aims outlined in its Australia in the Asian Century white paper.
The National Food Plan states global food production needs to increase by 75 per cent to feed the population by 2050, and demand for food in Asia will likely double between 2007 and 2050, with China accounting for almost half of the increased demand.
The government stated as part of the plan it would invest $5.6 million to expand Australia's network of agricultural counsellors and increase the number of market liaison officers across Asia. It will also provide $40 million to research and market Australian food products to Asia and will set up a Productivity Commission inquiry to cut red tape for food manufacturing.
The president of the National Farmers' Federation Duncan Fraser says the National Food Plan is a start.
"Farmers will benefit if they get a toehold into Asia," he says. "We were given a challenge by the government to be part of the Asian Century by being a food bowl for Asia. We said we could take up the challenge if we were given the tools to do so."
Sectors identified
Fraser says the plan has the potential to affect all agricultural sectors. "The areas that have been identified to benefit from the rapidly growing Asian middle class are red meat and dairy with an increasing demand for these products," he says. "Horticulture has not traditionally been export-oriented so the challenge has been put out for it to be more focused on exports."
He adds there are some initiatives in the plan that will help, such as agricultural consultants being based in Asia who will help improve market access and create a brand for Australian food over time.
"We also welcome the review of the Productivity Commission to identify priority areas of reform," Fraser says.
"Especially the removal of red tape. Exporters find this particularly frustrating, particularly in China where if all documentation is not spot-on they refuse to take the goods."
One of his concerns is the amount of money being announced for the various initiatives. "I think the plan could cost more than what is being given out so it's important the government keeps consulting with us," he says.
The topic of Australian farmers having the potential to increase their revenue from exporting to Asia has been around for a long time. A report, prepared by consultants Port Jackson Partners for ANZ Bank, and released last October called: Greener Pastures: the Global Soft Commodity Opportunity for Australia and New Zealand, stated Australia could capture up to $1.7 trillion in additional revenue from agriculture exports between now and 2050 if it seized the opportunity of the Asia food boom.
ANZ head of Agribusiness, Mark Bennett, says the population and income growth in Asia is astounding and so the opportunity for Australian agriculture exporting to Asia is enormous.
Global race
"But it's a global race to capture the food opportunity and to carve out a real competitive advantage. Australia needs to overcome some industry challenges," he says. "Yes, there is more that needs to be done; and it takes commitment from everyone in the industry, including government, to turn the opportunity into a reality, and deliver solid returns for our producers at the farm gate."
Bennett says setting goals and making investment is a crucial part of capturing the food opportunity in Asia.
"Australia's agricultural industry is being presented with an opportunity it hasn't seen for some time," he says. "We are witnessing a more rapid change in our end export destinations for packaged and fresh food than we could have imagined a decade ago. China's demand for food imports from Australia has generated significant opportunities for exporters; our target consumers in China have higher incomes, and spend up to five times more on products such as dairy, seafood and meat compared to the lowest income brackets."
At the time of the National Food Plan's release, the shadow agriculture minister John Cobb described it as being a "con job".
Fraser says the National Farmers' Federation has spoken to the Coalition but as yet it has not announced anything further about what it will do in this area.
"[The Coalition] agrees with the need to do something and say they will produce better policy," he says. "At this stage we don't know what it is and we have challenged them to put it on the table so we can properly review it."
The Australian Financial Review
Read more
People | John Cobb |
Topics | Agribusiness /Crops , Agribusiness /Fishing , Agribusiness /Livestock Industry , Materials & Packaging /Packaging , Politics /World Politics , Politics /Legislation , Politics /Federal Politics |


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Come visit a church community filled with grace and love in Conyers, GA
Welcome! It is an honor to have you visit us by coming to the NRBC website. I hope as you explore our site you will make the choice to come and visit us in person. As a member of the Rockdale County community for over 20 years, we are a group of people who have come together to celebrate Jesus and the hope and life we have in Him. As a church, we are a unique group of people committed to loving and serving the people of Conyers. Some of us have been going to church all our lives and others are new to church. Some have been Christ-followers for years and others are brand-new to following Christ. What I want you to hear as Pastor of this great church is that you are welcome here. What can you expect on a Sunday? Lots of things. We fellowship with coffee and snacks and then get together for Bible study. Then we all come together and worship. Our worship is as varied as those who come here. You will hear classic hymns, modern worship songs, and everything in between. Some people wear suits, others jeans, some wear shorts. We're not worried about what you wear, we just want the chance to get to know you. If you have any questions about our church or simply about following Jesus or who He is, feel free to e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com Tom
Come join us Friday, January 16th at 7:00 p.m. for a free concert by the Uganda Thunder Children's Choir. See the link for more details. This is an incredible ministry that we will have a chance to ... Keep Reading
November is F.R.A.N.-gelism month! We are putting a special focus on inviting friends, relatives, associates, and neighbors to church this month. Basically we want anyone who does not already have a church home to see that they can ... Keep Reading
On October 31st from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. we will have Trunk or Treat at our church. FREE CANDY and hot dogs. All invited. Keep Reading
God has blessed us with our new media system. We are asking that you pray about what God would have you to give to our designated 'building fund' to offset these costs. Please take advantage of this opportunity ... Keep Reading
We still have a need for children's sunday school helpers. We are still looking for someone to serve as a youth sunday school teacher and/or youth helpers. And we still are in need of more volunteers to help ... Keep Reading


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August is one of those months in which you can test the heat tolerance of your plants. Heat, especially heat that goes on day after day, can take its toll. Watch your plants for wilting, sunburn and root rot (caused by too much water in warm soils).
Think about providing a canopy of shade trees to cool the garden. On very hot days pop on the sprinklers to cool the landscape.
• Cactuses and other succulents
• Summer annuals
• All tropicals
• Sow seed of early-winter annuals to plant out later
• Sow seed of winter vegetable crops to plant out later
• Start sweet pea seeds
Succulents: Succulents seem like plants that can take all the sunshine you can provide. Fuzzy succulents such as cactus can. But green glossy aloes, sedums, sempervivums and aeoniums can burn easily in full sun, and wilt without water.
During the hottest days of summer, move your favorite potted succulents to a part-shade situation and be sure to water once a week or so.
• Clean up bloomed-out perennials
• Leave palm fronds on trees as nesting sites for birds
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text:
Unreal Engine
Developer(s) | Epic Games |
Initial release | 1998 |
Stable release | 4.7 / 24 February 2015 |
Operating system | Cross-platform |
Available in | English, Korean, Chinese, Japanese[1] |
Type | Game engine |
License | Freeware & Open Source; 5% Royalty after first $3000USD per quarter[2] |
Website | unrealengine |
The Unreal Engine is a game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game Unreal. Although primarily developed for first-person shooters, it has been successfully used in a variety of other genres, including stealth, MMORPGs, and other RPGs. With its code written in C++, the Unreal Engine features a high degree of portability and is a tool used by many game developers today.[3]
Unreal Engine 1[edit]
Initial release | Unreal build 100 / May 1998 |
Stable release | Unreal Tournament build 436 / November 2000 |
Written in | C++ , UnrealScript, Assembly[10] |
Platform | Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS and Mac OS X, Dreamcast, PlayStation 2 |
License | Proprietary |
Making its debut in 1998 with Unreal, the first generation Unreal Engine integrated rendering, collision detection, AI, visibility, networking, scripting, and file system management into one complete engine. Unreal Engine 1 provided an advanced software rasterizer[11] and a hardware-accelerated rendering path using the Glide API, specifically developed for 3dfx GPUs,[12] and was updated for OpenGL and Direct3D. Large parts of the game were implemented in a custom scripting language called UnrealScript. The initial network performance was also very poor when compared to its biggest competitor, Quake II. Epic used this engine for both Unreal and Unreal Tournament. The release of Unreal Tournament marked great strides in both network performance and Direct3D and OpenGL support.[13]
The engine became very popular due to the modular engine architecture and the inclusion of a scripting language, which made it easy to mod, including total conversions like Tactical Ops.[14][15]
Unreal Engine 2[edit]
Initial release | Unreal Warfare build 633 / January 2001 |
Stable release | Unreal Engine 2.5 build 3369 / November 2005 |
Written in | C++ , UnrealScript |
Platform | Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Xbox, PlayStation 2, GameCube |
License | Proprietary |
The second version made its debut in 2002 with America's Army, a free multiplayer shooter created and funded by the US Army. This generation saw the core code and rendering engine completely re-written. In addition, it featured UnrealEd 2, which debuted with the previous generation of the engine and was shortly followed later by UnrealEd 3, along with the Karma physics SDK. This physics engine powered the ragdoll physics in Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Championship. Other engine elements were also updated, with improved assets as well as adding support for the GameCube and the Xbox. Support for the PlayStation 2 console was previously added in UE1. Taking Xbox aside, both GameCube and PS2 were never supported directly by Epic, support being instead farmed out to Secret Level said builds were stale and left behind, the last "official" build PS2 and GC saw was build 927 dated April 2002; last official UE2.5 build was build 3369. As such, third parties looking to use further Unreal Engine revisions had to do their own builds throughout the generation, as they had to in more recent years with the Wii, X360, PS3, PSP, and 3DS.[citation needed]
UE2.5, an update to the original version of UE2, improved rendering performance and added vehicles physics, a particle system editor for UnrealEd, and 64-bit support in Unreal Tournament 2004. A specialized version of UE2.5 called UE2X was used for Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict on the original Xbox platform. It featured optimizations specific to that console. EAX 3.0 is also supported for sound. Unreal Engine 2.X was build 2227, dated March 2004.
On March 23, 2011, Ubisoft Montreal revealed that UE2.5 was successfully running on the Nintendo 3DS.[16][17]
Unreal Engine 3[edit]
Initial release | Unreal Engine 3 build 100 / March 2004 |
Stable release | Unreal Engine 3 build 12791.2424394 / February 2015 |
Written in | C++, C#,[18] UnrealScript, GLSL,[19] Cg,[20] HLSL[21] |
Platform | Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Android,[22] iOS,[23] Windows RT,[24] PlayStation Vita, Adobe Flash Player,[25] HTML5[26] |
License | Proprietary |
The first screenshots of Unreal Engine 3 were presented in 2004,[27] at which point the engine was in development for 18 months already.[28] Unlike Unreal Engine 2, which still supported fixed-function pipeline, Unreal Engine 3 was designed to take advantage of fully programmable shader hardware (in DirectX 9 terms, it required shader model 3.0). All lighting calculations were done per-pixel, instead of per-vertex. On the rendering side, Unreal Engine 3 also provided support for a gamma-correct high-dynamic range renderer. UE3 expected that content was authored in both high- and low-resolution version and baked normal maps for run-time; a major difference to previous generations where the game content was modeled directly (since normal mapping is a per-pixel operation and almost all the dynamic lighting in UE1 and 2 was calculated per-vertex using a Gouraud Shading technique)
Throughout the lifetime of the UE3, significant updates have been incorporated:
- Epic Games announced at Game Developers Conference (GDC) 2009 some improvements made to Unreal Engine 3. These included:[33]
- Unreal Lightmass: a global illumination solver. Provides high-quality static lighting with next-generation effects, such as soft shadows with accurate penumbrae, diffuse, specular inter-reflection, and color bleeding.
- The ability to add fracture effects to static meshes to simulate destructible environments
- Soft body dynamics (physics)
- Large crowd simulation
- In December 2009, Epic demoed UE3 running on Apple's 3rd generation iPod Touch. They said that this will also support iPhone 3GS, and also an unknown mobile platform which has been revealed to be webOS at CES 2010.[34] It has been revealed so far to be something on Nvidia's Tegra platform, and also Palm's webOS running PowerVR's SGX chip.
- In March 2010, Steamworks was integrated into the software, and is offered to licensees.[35]
- In June 2010, Epic Games revealed Epic Citadel, a tech demo to showcase Unreal Engine 3 on iOS devices (iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad devices).
- In June 2010 during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010, Mark Rein (vice president of Epic Games) showcased a tech demo of Gears of War 2 in stereoscopic 3D running on an Xbox 360 thanks to the TriOviz for Games Technology. "This technology's great because it works on normal HD TVs, as well as the very high end 3DTVs," Rein commented to Computer and Video Games.[36] "We're not planning to re-release this in 3D – unless Microsoft want us to – but I'm sure it's technology may be keen to put in the games developed by our partners."
- In October 2010, TriOviz for Games Technology has been officially integrated in Unreal Engine 3,[37][38] allowing to easily convert in stereoscopic 3D, numerous past and upcoming games developed on Xbox 360 and PS3 with this engine.
- As of March 2011, the Unreal 3 Engine supports DirectX 11. Epic Games showcased it with a real-time demonstration video, entitled "Samaritan".[39] Additions include tessellation and displacement mapping, advanced hair rendering with MSAA, deferred shading with MSAA, screen space subsurface scattering, image-based lighting, billboard reflections, glossy reflections, reflection shadows, point light reflections, and bokeh depth of field.[40] The Samaritan demo was unveiled during GDC 2011 as a proof of concept and target for the "3.5" version of Epic's Unreal Engine 3, ostensibly aimed at next-generation platforms.[41][42] It was built by Epic Games in a close partnership with NVIDIA, with engineers working around to country to push real-time graphics to a new high point.[43]
- In July 2011, Geomerics announced that their real-time global illumination solution[44] Enlighten is now integrated with Unreal Engine 3 and available to licensees.[45]
- In October 2011, Epic Games announced that a version of the engine would be compatible with Adobe Flash Player.[46]
- In May 2012, UE3 added support for the RealD 3D stereoscopic technology.[47]
In addition to the game industry, UE3 has also seen adoption by many non-gaming projects, for instance:
- The popular children's TV show LazyTown used UE3 during filming to generate virtual sets for real-time integration with footage of actors and puppets performing in front of green screens.[49]
- In March 2012, the FBI licensed Epic's Unreal Engine 3 to use in a simulator for training.[50]
- The animation software "Muvizu Play", which was released in April 2013, uses UE3.[51]
Unreal Development Kit[edit]
Initial release | v5860 / November 2009 |
Stable release | v12791.2424394 / February 2015[52] |
Written in | C++, C#, UnrealScript, GLSL,[19] Cg,[20] HLSL[21] |
Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
Platform | Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, iOS |
Type | Level editor / Software development kit |
License | Free for noncommercial use |
Website | UDK website UDN for UDK |
While Unreal Engine 3 has been quite open for modders to work with, the ability to publish and sell games made using UE3 was restricted to licensees of the engine. However, in November 2009, Epic released a free version of UE3's SDK, called the Unreal Development Kit (UDK), that is available to the general public.[53] According to the current EULA, game developers can sell their games by paying Epic the cost of $99 USD, and 25% royalty on UDK related revenue above US$50,000 from all UDK-based games or commercial applications.[54][55]
The December 2010 UDK release added support for creating iOS games and apps. UDK's iOS development feature set includes:[56][57]
- The full source and content for Epic Citadel, plus an additional castle demo map.
- Support for major Unreal Engine 3 desktop features, including the Unreal Editor and its fully integrated suite of tools including Unreal Kismet, Unreal Cascade and Unreal Matinee.
- Superior rendering systems, including Unreal Lightmass global illumination supported by Unreal Swarm distributed computing.
- Content streaming functionality.
- Advanced lighting and shadowing such as per-pixel lighting and real-time shadows.
- Console-quality capabilities.
- Full Unreal Kismet visual scripting functionality, which allows the developers to create games without having to modify program code.
- Convenient mobile previewer makes it possible to emulate games at native resolution for quick iteration.
- UDK Remote enables iOS devices to serve as wireless controllers with full touch and tilt functionality for testing games on the computer.
As of the September 2011 release, iOS, OS X, and Windows platforms all support UDK-created games.
Unreal Engine 4[edit]
Initial release | Unreal Engine 4 build 8967 / May 2012 |
Stable release | Unreal Engine 4.7 / February 24, 2015[58] |
Written in | C++, C#, GLSL, Cg, HLSL, abandon UnrealScript[59][60] |
Platform | Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, HTML5,[61][62] iOS, Android,[63][64][65][66] Oculus Rift,[67] Ouya[68] |
License | Freeware; Source Code Available |
On August 17, 2005, Mark Rein, the vice-president of Epic Games, revealed that Unreal Engine 4 had been in development since 2003.[69] Until mid-2008, development was exclusively done by Tim Sweeney, founder and technical director of Epic Games.[70] The engine targets the eighth generation of consoles, PCs and Tegra K1-based[71] devices running Android announced in January 2014 at CES.
In February 2012, Mark Rein said "people are going to be shocked later this year when they see Unreal Engine 4".[72] Unreal Engine 4 was unveiled to limited attendees at the 2012 Game Developers Conference,[73] and video of the engine being demonstrated by technical artist Alan "Talisman" Willard was released to the public on June 7, 2012 via GameTrailers TV.[74][75] This demo was created on a PC with triple GeForce GTX 580 (tri SLI) and can be run on a PC with a GeForce GTX 680.[76]
One of the major features planned for UE4 was real-time global illumination using voxel cone tracing, eliminating pre-computed lighting.[77] However, this feature has been replaced with a similar but less computationally-expensive algorithm prior to release for all platforms including the PC because of performance concerns on next-generation consoles.[78] UE4 also includes new developer features to reduce iteration time, and allows updating of C++ code while the engine is running. The new "Blueprint" visual scripting system (a successor to UE3's "Kismet"[79]) allows for rapid development of game logic without using C++, and includes live debugging.[80][81] The result is reduced iteration time, and less of a divide between technical artists, designers, and programmers.[82]
" | [In older engines], if you wanted to change the relationship between your weapon damage and how long it'll take to kill a creature, you may spend a couple of days iterating, but if you have to spend a lot of time waiting for a build every time, you're talking one change, waiting 15 minutes for the compile to complete, and then play the game, get to the point where you can test it, test it, exit the game, change, compile... Now, since all of that can be done very quickly within the tools, it's 'Make the change, play, when it compiles, finish, shoot the guy, and then escape, make the change, play'. The iteration time is down to 30 seconds instead of 15 minutes. Our ability to kind of roll through and see how the game is playing out is much faster. | " |
On March 19, 2014, at the 2014 Game Developers Conference, Epic Games opened Unreal Engine 4 to the world, releasing all of its leading-edge tools, features and complete C++ source code to the development community through a new subscription model. Anyone can sign up for UE4 for PC, Mac, iOS and Android by paying $19 per month, plus 5% of gross revenue resulting from any commercial products built using UE4.[83][84] CEO and founder of Epic Games, Tim Sweeney, said that the new business model is a reflection of changes in the industry. Epic Games has traditionally made its Unreal Engine available to large AAA game development teams at a cost of millions of dollars but as the industry has evolved, Epic has had to "really rethink our whole business as to how we make the engine available to teams."[85][86] "Looking at the new shape of the industry now, we realize that's an outdated tool," Sweeney said. "Looking at the possibilities for the engine, we started from scratch and thought 'How can we make the engine available to more people?'".[87] According to the Unreal Engine website, subscribers to the engine will be able to cancel their subscription, or renew it at any time. They will be able to retain access to UE4 tools, but will not receive access to future releases of Unreal Engine 4.[88]
On September 3, 2014, Epic Games launched the Unreal Engine Marketplace, allowing UE4 subscribers to buy and sell community-created content of all shapes and sizes.[89] In addition to all of the previously released free content, the new marketplace was launched with a variety of asset packs including full-scale environments, props, characters, sounds, materials, animated meshes, prefab C++ code and a number of other asset types as well as free demos and tutorials.[90][91]
On September 4, 2014, Epic released Unreal Engine 4 to schools and universities for free, including personal copies for students enrolled in accredited video game development, computer science, art, architecture, simulation, and visualization programs.[92][93] "Nothing is stopping students from honing the skills needed to enter the range of fields using Unreal Engine technology, from entertainment software and film to visualization, healthcare simulation and military training," Unreal Engine general manager Ray Davis said in a statement. "Students who know Unreal Engine technology have a huge advantage when it comes to job placement."[94] Schools can integrate the same fully featured version of Unreal Engine 4 previously available only to developers, along with all future updates.[95] In addition, students retain indefinite access to any versions of the engine used during their coursework which gives them the option to turn their class projects into shipping projects at any time.[96]
On March 2, 2015, Epic announced that "Unreal Engine 4 is now available to everyone for free, and all future updates will be free!" [97] The same post specifies that a 5% royalty in gross must be paid after the first $3,000USD per product, per quarter.
Games using the Unreal Engine[edit]
Other licensees[edit]
Unreal Engine 2[edit]
- Licenses for education
- Licenses for education for Construction Simulations and Interior Designs
- Bentheim Interior Design
Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Custom License is used in many non-gaming projects including construction simulations and designs, training simulations, driving simulations, educations, virtual reality shopping malls, movie storyboards, continuities, pre-visuals, etc.
Until October 2007, more than 500 companies had Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Licenses.[citation needed]
Unreal Engine 3[edit]
- Licenses for education
- PEPFAR/Warner Brothers[98]
- Norwich University of the Arts
- The Jim Henson Company
- University of Advancing Technology
- Louisiana State University in Shreveport
- Centennial College
- Expression College for Digital Arts
- Digital Media Arts College
- The Art Institute of California
- University of Bournemouth[99]
- Stanly Community College
- University of Teesside
- San Jacinto College South
- University of Wisconsin Stout
- University of Derby
- Singapore Polytechnic[100]
- Licenses for Training Simulation
- U.S. Army[101][102]
- U.S. Air Force[103][104]
- ROK Navy[105]
- Chinese Army[106]
- U.S. Government[108]
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)[50]
- Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT)[109]
- U.S Department of Homeland Security (DHS) / George Washington University[110]
- Virtual Heroes, a division of Applied Research Associates, Inc.[111]
- IPKeys Technologies/Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Gaming and Modeling Environment (I-GAME)[112]
- Licenses for Construction Simulation
- Licenses for VR Techniques
- Yost Engineering, Inc/YEI Technology[115]
- Licenses for CG animation
- Warner Bros.[116]
- Frantic Films
- Buena Vista[117]
- HDFilms
- Sony Pictures Entertainment
- Columbia Pictures
- TriStar Pictures
- Universal Studios
- Square Enix
- Just Cause Entertainment/Just Cause Productions[118]
- House of Moves[119]
- Read + Radar[120]
- LightHammer[121]
- Glasgow's DA Group[122][123]
- Raymond P. Le Gué[124]
See also[edit]
- Unreal, the original game featuring the engine
- Unreal series of games
- UnrealScript, the scripting language used in Unreal Engine
- UnrealEd, the Unreal level editor
- Game engine
- Video game development
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Further reading[edit]
- John P. Flynt & Chris Caviness (May 2006). UnrealScript Game Programming All in One. Thomson Course Technology. ISBN 978-1-598-63148-7
- Jason Busby, Zak Parrish & Jeff Wilson (July 2009). Mastering Unreal Technology, Volume I: Introduction to Level Design with Unreal Engine 3. Sams Publishing. ISBN 978-0-672-32991-3
- Jason Busby, Zak Parrish & Jeff Wilson (October 2009). Mastering Unreal Technology, Volume II: Advanced Level Design Concepts with Unreal Engine 3. Sams Publishing. ISBN 978-0-672-32992-0
- Keith Stuart (December 2009). The hidden story of the 3D engine - by the people who write them. How programming masters like Tim Sweeney built the engineering marvels of the 21st century.... The Guardian
- Mike Thomsen (February 2010). History of the Unreal Engine. The Epic evolution of gaming's most influential engine, from Gears of War to Mass Effect 2. IGN
- Ashish Amresh & Alex Okita (August 2010). Unreal Game Development. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-568-81459-9
- Jason Busby, Zak Parrish & Jeff Wilson (January 2011). Mastering Unreal Technology, Volume III: Introduction to UnrealScript with Unreal Engine 3. Sams Publishing. ISBN 978-0-672-33082-7
- Richard J. Moore (August 2011). Unreal Development Kit 3: Beginner's Guide : a Fun, Quick, Step-by-step Guide to Level Design and Creating Your Own Game World. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-69052-2
- John Gaudiosi (September 2011). Epic Games Founder Tim Sweeney Pushes Unreal Engine 3 Technology Forward. Forbes
- Rachel Cordone (December 2011). Unreal Development Kit Game Programming with Unrealscript: Beginner's Guide. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-69192-5
- Alan Thorn (December 2011). UDK Game Development. Cengage Learning, Inc.. ISBN 978-1-435-46018-8
- Thomas Mooney (February 2012). Unreal Development Kit Game Design Cookbook. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-69180-2
- Robert Chin (April 2012). Beginning iOS 3D Unreal Games Development. Apress Media LLC. ISBN 978-1-430-24035-8
- Stu Horvath (May 2012). The Imagination Engine: Why Next-Gen Videogames Wil Rock Your World. Wired
- Dave Thier (June 2012). Epic's Tim Sweeney on How Unreal Engine 4 Will Change The Way Games Are Made, and Why You Care. Epic's new engine could halve production costs, lower the prices of games, and spur détente between developers and consumers. Forbes
- John P. Doran (March 2013). Mastering UDK Game Development Hotshot. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-69560-2
- Brian Steiner (June 2013). How The Unreal Engine Became A Real Gaming Powerhouse. Popular Mechanics
- Geof Sholler (August 2013). Build a Game with UDK. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-69580-0
- Andrew Finch (March 2014). The Unreal Game Engine: A Comprehensive Guide to Creating Playable Levels. 3DTotal Publishing. ISBN 978-1-909-41404-4
- Ryan Shah (June 2014). Master the Art of Unreal Engine 4 - Blueprints. CreateSpace Independent Publishing. ISBN 978-1-500-21310-7
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Unreal Engine. |
- Official website
- The official Unreal Developer Network (UDN) documenting the Unreal Engine
- Unreal Development Kit
- Unreal Engine wiki
- Unreal on-line tutorials