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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Design of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam | Open
Open Energy Info (EERE)
of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam Jump to: navigation, search Name Design of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam Agency/Company /Organization UN-REDD Programme Sector Land Focus Area Biomass, Forestry Topics Co-benefits assessment, Implementation, Policies/deployment programs, Background analysis Resource Type Publications Website http://www.un-redd.org/Publica Country Vietnam UN Region South-Eastern Asia References Design of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam[1] Design of a REDD-compliant Benefit Distribution System for Viet Nam Screenshot "Viet Nam is one of nine countries where the UN-REDD Programme is supporting the development of REDD+ readiness. In preparing for REDD+,
Novel Distributed Generation Control and Dispatching System: Application Validation and Benefits Quantification
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report describes a novel control and dispatching hardware/software system for distributed generation. The system allows the connection of multiple generators at a number of sites to a utility control and monitoring system for the purpose of providing peaking power for the utility. Using distributed generation for this purpose is a potentially cost-effective solution to localized power system constraints caused by the inability to increase power transmission into an area experiencing steady growth in...
System Benefits Charge
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
New York's system benefits charge (SBC), established in 1996 by the New York Public Service Commission (PSC), supports energy efficiency, education and outreach, research and development, and low...
Quantitative Assessment of Distributed Energy Resource Benefits
Distributed energy resources (DER) offer many benefits, some of which are readily quantified. Other benefits, however, are less easily quantifiable because they may require site-specific information about the DER project or analysis of the electrical system to which the DER is connected. The purpose of this study is to provide analytical insight into several of the more difficult calculations, using the PJM power pool as an example. This power pool contains most of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware. The techniques used here could be applied elsewhere, and the insights from this work may encourage various stakeholders to more actively pursue DER markets or to reduce obstacles that prevent the full realization of its benefits. This report describes methodologies used to quantify each of the benefits listed in Table ES-1. These methodologies include bulk power pool analyses, regional and national marginal cost evaluations, as well as a more traditional cost-benefit approach for DER owners. The methodologies cannot however determine which stakeholder will receive the benefits; that must be determined by regulators and legislators, and can vary from one location to another.
Hadley, S.W.
Potential benefits of distributed PCM thermal
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This report examines the benefits of passive thermal storage by means of phase change material (PCM) distributed throughout the wall and ceiling surfaces of a building, as would occur if the wallboard were impregnated with PCM. Surface heat transfer is expected to be adequate for thermal storage capacity up to 40-Btu/ft/sup 2/ of surface area. Sums of daily energy balances during the heating season indicate that use of PCM-impregnated wallboard with a 40-Btu/ft/sup 2/ capacity would provide adequate storage for direct gain systems with the largest practical window area in Denver, Boston, and Fort Worth. It is shown that distributed PCM thermal storage offers the opportunity to obtain several ton-hours of ventilative cooling per night throughout much of the US during July. 17 refs., 9 figs.
Neeper, D.A.
Electric utility transmission and distribution upgrade deferral benefits from modular electricity storage : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program.
The work documented in this report was undertaken as part of an ongoing investigation of innovative and potentially attractive value propositions for electricity storage by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Electricity Storage Systems (ESS) Program. This study characterizes one especially attractive value proposition for modular electricity storage (MES): electric utility transmission and distribution (T&D) upgrade deferral. The T&D deferral benefit is characterized in detail. Also presented is a generalized framework for estimating the benefit. Other important and complementary (to T&D deferral) elements of possible value propositions involving MES are also characterized.
Eyer, James M. (Distributed Utility Associates, Inc., Livermore, CA)
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related...
Distribution System Losses Evaluation
Currently, there is not an industry standard on how utilities calculate and account for electrical losses and reductions in electric system losses. Computer models used to analyze power flows typically only include the primary components of the distribution system infrastructure. More detailed electric system models can benefit utilities by providing more accurate loss calculations as well as benefits for system planning and engineering. The utility industry could benefit from having a consistent and uni...
Energy information systems (EIS): Technology costs, benefit,...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Energy information systems (EIS): Technology costs, benefit, and best practice uses Title Energy information systems (EIS): Technology costs, benefit, and best practice uses...
Notice of Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed...
Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Their Expansion: Federal Register Notice Volume 72, No. 40 - Mar. 1, 2007...
The potential benefits of distributed deneration and rate-related...
issues that may impede issues its expansion. June 2007 The potential benefits of distributed deneration and rate-related issues that may impede issues its expansion. A...
Universal System Benefits Program | Department of Energy
Universal System Benefits Program Universal System Benefits Program Universal System Benefits Program < Back Eligibility Commercial General Public/Consumer Industrial Institutional Residential Utility Savings Category Buying & Making Electricity Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Solar Heating Water Heating Wind Program Info State Montana Program Type Public Benefits Fund Provider Montana Public Service Commission Montana established the Universal System Benefits Program (USBP) in 1997 as part of its restructuring legislation. The USBP supports cost-effective energy conservation, low-income customer weatherization, renewable-energy projects and applications, research and development programs related to energy conservation and renewables, market transformation designed to encourage competitive markets for public purpose programs, and low-income
Notice of Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation
Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Their Expansion: Federal Register Notice Volume 72, No. 40 - Mar. 1, 2007 Notice of Study Availability - Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Their Expansion: Federal Register Notice Volume 72, No. 40 - Mar. 1, 2007 Federal Register Notice of availability of a study of the potential benefits of distributed generation and rate-related issues that may impede their expansion, and request for public comment. Study of the Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and Rate- Related Issues That May Impede Their Expansion More Documents & Publications Notice of inquiry and request for Information - Study of the potential
Slack bus modeling for distributed generation and its impacts on distribution system analysis, operation and planning.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??Distribution system operating environments are changing rapidly. Proper distributed generation placement and operating will bring benefits for supporting voltage, reducing system loss, enhancing system reliability,� (more)
Tong, Shiqiong
Emissions Benefits of Distributed Generation in the Texas Market
One potential benefit of distributed generation (DG) is a net reduction in air emissions. While DG will produce emissions, most notably carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power it displaces might have produced more. This study used a system dispatch model developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to simulate the 2012 Texas power market with and without DG. This study compares the reduction in system emissions to the emissions from the DG to determine the net savings. Some of the major findings are that 85% of the electricity displaced by DG during peak hours will be simple cycle natural gas, either steam or combustion turbine. Even with DG running as baseload, 57% of electricity displaced will be simple cycle natural gas. Despite the retirement of some gas-fired steam units and the construction of many new gas turbine and combined cycle units, the marginal emissions from the system remain quite high (1.4 lb NO{sub x}/MWh on peak and 1.1 lb NO{sub x}/MWh baseload) compared to projected DG emissions. Consequently, additions of DG capacity will reduce emissions in Texas from power generation in 2012. Using the DG exhaust heat for combined heat and power provides an even greater benefit, since it eliminates further boiler emissions while adding none over what would be produced while generating electricity. Further studies are warranted concerning the robustness of the result with changes in fuel prices, demands, and mixes of power generating technology.
Hadley, SW
System Benefits Charge | Department of Energy
System Benefits Charge System Benefits Charge System Benefits Charge < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Residential Schools Utility Program Info State New Hampshire Program Type Public Benefits Fund Provider New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission New Hampshire's 1996 electric-industry restructuring legislation authorized the creation of a system benefits charge (SBC) to support energy-efficiency programs and energy-assistance programs for low-income residents. The efficiency fund, which took effect in 2002, is funded by a non-bypassable surcharge of 1.8 mills per kilowatt-hour ($0.0018/kWh) on electric bills. A separate surcharge of 1.5 mills per kWh ($0.0015/kWh) supports low-income energy assistance programs. Approximately $19 million is collected annually to support the efficiency fund, although the annual sum collected has
Poland - Economic and Financial Benefits of Distributed Generation
Poland - Economic and Financial Benefits of Distributed Generation Poland - Economic and Financial Benefits of Distributed Generation Small-Scale, Gas-Fired CHP Jump to: navigation, search Name Poland - Economic and Financial Benefits of Distributed Generation Small-Scale, Gas-Fired CHP Agency/Company /Organization Argonne National Laboratory Sector Energy Topics Background analysis Website http://www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/41 Country Poland Eastern Europe References http://www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/41763.pdf This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. The Polish energy markets have recently been restructured, opening the door to new players with access to new products and instruments. In response to this changed environment, the Government of Poland and the Polish Power Grid Company were interested in analyzing the competitiveness of
Cost/Benefit Analysis for Smart Distribution Applications v1.0
The Cost/Benefit Analysis for Smart Distribution Applications�spreadsheet provides estimates for the financial benefits of key Advanced Distribution Automation ...
Cascading Failures in Smart Grid -Benefits of Distributed Generation
Cascading Failures in Smart Grid - Benefits of Distributed Generation Xian Chen, Hieu Dinh, Bing reliability and reducing the risk of cascading blackouts is a critical issue. Smart grid is envisioned Wang Computer Science & Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 Abstract--Smart
Wang, Bing
23 What Does the U.S. Department of Energy Fossil Energy R&D Mean to America's Energy and Economic Future? Methodology for Estimating Research & Development (R&D) Benefits The primary tool used to estimate future R&D benefits is the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) developed by the Energy Information Ad- ministration (EIA). Benefits are based on the differ- ence between certain parameters for NEMS runs made with and without the impacts of FE R&D. For cases with FE R&D, it is assumed that program R&D goals are met and funding is consistent with FY2004 appropriations and program plans. Multiple scenarios are used to examine the impact of se- lected regulatory and fuel energy price assump- tions. Other than inputs reflecting FE R&D goals
Reassessment of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Transmission System Benefits
This report reassesses the benefits of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for enhancing transmission system performance.
Economic Costs and Benefits of Distributed Energy Resources
The goal of this technical update is to provide an objective quantitative analysis of the current costs and benefits of DER, and thereby identify the factors that have the greatest impact on DER's cost-effectiveness. For the purposes of this analysis, DER as defined herein, are small generation units (1kW to 50MW), typically sited on the local T&D system and operated in parallel with the utility system. Energy storage technologies are not included in this technical update but may be considered in future ...
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion. Report Pursuant to Section 1817 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion More Documents & Publications The potential benefits of distributed deneration and rate-related issues that may impede issues its expansion. June 2007 Notice of inquiry and request for Information - Study of the potential benefits of distributed generation: Federal Register Notice Volume 71, No.
State approaches to the system benefits charge
SciTech Connect
This report documents the consideration and implementation of a non-bypassable system benefits charge (SBC) in six states through mid-May 1997. The SBC is being established to sustain important public-policy programs during the electric industry restructuring process. The states covered include Arizona, California, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. This report was prepared for the Office of Energy and Resource Planning, Utah Department of Natural Resources, under the National Renewable Energy Laboratory`s Sustainable Technology Energy Partnerships Initiative, Second Round (STEP-2). The purpose of the report is to provide decision makers in Utah, including the Utah Public Service Commission and the state legislature, with relevant information on the SBC for use in their deliberation on the matter. The issues faced by the six states are the SBC in general; surcharge rate or funding levels; administrative structure and procedures; and actions, guidelines, and principles by program area.
Fang, J.M.
Connecting Distributed Energy Resources to the Grid: Their Benefits to the DER Owner etc.
The vision of the Distributed Energy Research Program (DER) program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is that the United States will have the cleanest and most efficient and reliable energy system in the world by maximizing the use of affordable distributed energy resources. Electricity consumers will be able to choose from a diverse number of efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly distributed energy options and easily connect them into the nation's energy infrastructure while providing benefits to their owners and other stakeholders. The long-term goal of this vision is that DER will achieve a 20% share of new electric capacity additions in the United States by 2010, thereby helping to make the nation's electric power generation and delivery system more efficient, reliable, secure, clean, economical, and diverse in terms of fuel use (oil, natural gas, solar, hydroelectric, etc.) and prime mover resource (solar, wind, gas turbines, etc.). Near- and mid-term goals are to develop new technologies for implementing and operating DER and address barriers associated with DER usage and then to reduce costs and emissions and improve the efficiency and reliability of DER. Numerous strategies for meeting these goals have been developed into a research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) program that supports generation and delivery systems architecture, including modeling and simulation tools. The benefits associated with DER installations are often significant and numerous. They almost always provide tangible economic benefits, such as energy savings or transmission and distribution upgrade deferrals, as well as intangible benefits, such as power quality improvements that lengthen maintenance or repair intervals for power equipment. Also, the benefits routinely are dispersed among end users, utilities, and the public. For instance, an end user may use the DER to reduce their peak demand and save money due to lower demand charges. Reduced end user peak demand, in turn, may lower a distribution system peak load such that upgrades are deferred or avoided. This could benefit other consumers by providing them with higher reliability and power quality as well as avoiding their cost share of a distribution system upgrade. In this example, the costs of the DER may be born by the end user, but that user reaps only a share of the benefits. This report, the first product of a study to quantify the value of DER, documents initial project efforts to develop an assessment methodology. The focus of currently available site-specific DER assessment techniques are typically limited to two parties, the owner/user and the local utility. Rarely are the impacts on other stakeholders, including interconnected distribution utilities, transmission system operators, generating system operators, other local utility customers, local and regional industry and business, various levels of government, and the environment considered. The goal of this assessment is to quantify benefits and cost savings that accrue broadly across a region, recognizing that DER installations may have local, regional, or national benefits.
Poore, WP
Benefits of battery-uItracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems
This thesis explores the benefits of battery and battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) in pulsed-load applications. It investigates and quantifies the benefits of the hybrid ESS over its battery-only ...
Smith, Ian C., S.M. (Ian Charles). Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Benefits of Utilizing Advanced Metering Provided Information Support and Control Capabilities in Distribution Automation Application s
Advanced Metering systems can serve a variety of applications beyond revenue cycle services. This paper describes several distribution automation functions that can significantly benefit from integration with the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Installation of Smart Meters with two-way communications is under way at several service territories of electric utilities throughout North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. These meters could be capable of providing a variety of data representing the p...
Options » Options » Benefits Benefits Explore the multiple dimensions of a career at LANL: work with the best minds on the planet in an inclusive environment that is rich in intellectual vitality and opportunities for growth. Contact Current Employees (CRYPTOCard access) Retirees Competitive pay, work-life balance options, comprehensive benefits package We attract and retain exceptional talent with our competitive pay packages that provide fair and equitable compensation. We recognize and reward outstanding contributions through our various employee award programs. We support and nurture a culture focused on a work/life balance for all of our employees. Our benefits package Employees are eligible for a variety of health and retirement benefits. Health & wellness
Cooling water distribution system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A passive containment cooling system for a nuclear reactor containment vessel. Disclosed is a cooling water distribution system for introducing cooling water by gravity uniformly over the outer surface of a steel containment vessel using an interconnected series of radial guide elements, a plurality of circumferential collector elements and collector boxes to collect and feed the cooling water into distribution channels extending along the curved surface of the steel containment vessel. The cooling water is uniformly distributed over the curved surface by a plurality of weirs in the distribution channels.
Orr, Richard (Pittsburgh, PA)
Benefits Quantification and Strategic Implications of Distributed Energy Resources to Distribution Companies: 2004 Update
Distributed energy resources (DER) have the potential to become a major factor in the evolving competitive electric power industry. Utilities need a plan and rationale to address DER. DER has the potential to lower electric distribution company revenue and profits, but, on the plus side, DER has the promise to be a more cost-effective way of serving some distribution system needs. Ideally, distribution companies would be able to develop business strategies that integrate DER into their overall business s...
Distribution System Research Priorities
Mark McGranaghan Mark McGranaghan EPRI ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WORKSHOP Crystal City, VA September 24, 2012 Distribution System Research Priorities 2 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. The Power System Roadmaps start with a Vision Future Power System will require new technologies, infrastructure, and control systems 3 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. R&D Roadmaps - Coordination is Critical Roadmaps are living documents 4 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Developing the next generation grid * Industry needs new technologies, communication protocols, and information management methods - More variable generation sources and controllable loads - Aging infrastructure
Electricity Distribution System Workshop
Grid Tech Team Grid Tech Team Discussion Summary Electricity Distribution System Workshop 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 4 Process ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Common Themes ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Discussion Topic Tables ............................................................................................................................. 8
Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system | National Nuclear Security
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system | National Nuclear Security Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog The National Nuclear Security Administration Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system Home > content > Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system Crops reap benefits of Pantex irrigation system
Distribution load study aids system planning
The Walnut Metering Project is an experimental substation and distribution system metering installation designed to provide quantitative data for distribution system planning. The design and operation of the metering equipment are discussed. After 3 years of operation it was concluded that the primary economic benefits anticipated from the determination of substation area diversity characteristics did not materialize because the peaking characteristics of the substations in the area were typically coincident with each other. However, the data obtained had a significant positive impact, both economically and operationally, in the field of equipment loadability, and is beneficial to activities related to load projections and distribution system planning. (LCL)
Scofield J.M.
Development of an Integrated Distribution Management System
This final report details the components, functionality, costs, schedule and benefits of developing an Integrated Distribution Management System (IDMS) for power distribution system operation. The Distribution Automation (DA) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems used by electric power companies to manage the distribution of electric power to retail energy consumers are vital components of the Nation�s critical infrastructure. Providing electricity is an essential public service and a disruption in that service, if not quickly restored, could threaten the public safety and the Nation�s economic security. Our Nation�s economic prosperity and quality of life have long depended on the essential services that utilities provide; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that electric utilities are able to conduct their operations safely and efficiently. A fully integrated technology of applications is needed to link various remote sensing, communications and control devices with other information tools that help guide Power Distribution Operations personnel. A fully implemented IDMS will provide this, a seamlessly integrated set of applications to raise electric system operating intelligence. IDMS will enhance DA and SCADA through integration of applications such as Geographic Information Systems, Outage Management Systems, Switching Management and Analysis, Operator Training Simulator, and other Advanced Applications, including unbalanced load flow and fault isolation/service restoration. These apps are capable of utilizing and obtaining information from appropriately installed DER, and by integrating disparate systems, the Distribution Operators will benefit from advanced capabilities when analyzing, controlling and operating the electric system.
Schatz, Joe E.
Distributed Optimization System
A search system and method for controlling multiple agents to optimize an objective using distributed sensing and cooperative control. The search agent can be one or more physical agents, such as a robot, and can be software agents for searching cyberspace. The objective can be: chemical sources, temperature sources, radiation sources, light sources, evaders, trespassers, explosive sources, time dependent sources, time independent sources, function surfaces, maximization points, minimization points, and optimal control of a system such as a communication system, an economy, a crane, and a multi-processor computer.
Hurtado, John E. (Albuquerque, NM); Dohrmann, Clark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Robinett, III, Rush D. (Tijeras, NM)
Economic and technical analysis of distributed utility benefits for hydrogen refueling stations. Final report
This report presents the potential economic benefits of operating hydrogen refueling stations to accomplish two objectives: supply pressurized hydrogen for vehicles, and supply distributed utility generation, transmission and distribution peaking energy and capacity to the utility. The study determined under what circumstances using a hydrogen-fueled generator as a distributed utility generation source, co-located with the hydrogen refueling station components (electrolyzer and storage), would result in cost savings to the station owner, and hence lower hydrogen production costs. The systems studied include a refueling station (including such components as an electrolyzer, storage, hydrogen dispensers, and compressors) plus on-site hydrogen fueled electricity generation units (e.g., fuel cells or combustion engines). The operational strategy is to use off-peak electricity in the electrolyzer to fill hydrogen storage, and to dispatch the electricity generation about one hour per day to meet the utility`s local and system peaks. The utility was assumed to be willing to pay for such service up to its avoided generation, fuel, transmission and distribution costs.
Iannucci, J.J.; Eyer, J.M.; Horgan, S.A.; Schoenung, S.M. [Distributed Utility Associates, Livermore, CA (United States)]|[Longitude 122 West, Inc., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Distributed Power Electronics for PV Systems (Presentation)
An overview of the benefits and applications of microinverters and DC power optimizers in residential systems. Some conclusions from this report are: (1) The impact of shade is greater than just the area of shade; (2) Additional mismatch losses include panel orientation, panel distribution, inverter voltage window, soiling; (3) Per-module devices can help increase performance, 4-12% or more depending on the system; (4) Value-added benefits (safety, monitoring, reduced design constraints) are helping their adoption; and (5) The residential market is growing rapidly. Efficiency increases, cost reductions are improving market acceptance. Panel integration will further reduce price and installation cost. Reliability remains an unknown.
Deline, C.
Quality monitored distributed voting system
A quality monitoring system can detect certain system faults and fraud attempts in a distributed voting system. The system uses decoy voters to cast predetermined check ballots. Absent check ballots can indicate system faults. Altered check ballots can indicate attempts at counterfeiting votes. The system can also cast check ballots at predetermined times to provide another check on the distributed voting system. 6 figs.
Skogmo, D.
Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems
8, 2011 8, 2011 Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems Welcome to the Webinar! We will start at 1:00 PM Eastern Time Be sure that you are also dialed into the telephone conference call: Dial-in number: 800-779-8694; Pass code: 2506667 Download the presentation at: www.buildingamerica.gov/meetings.html Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov * Reduce energy use in new and existing residential buildings * Promote building science and systems engineering / integration approach * "Do no harm": Ensure safety, health and durability are maintained or improved * Accelerate adoption of high performance technologies www.buildingamerica.gov Introduction to Building America Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov Building America Industry Consortia
Enhancements to System for Tracking Radioactive Waste Shipments Benefit
Enhancements to System for Tracking Radioactive Waste Shipments Enhancements to System for Tracking Radioactive Waste Shipments Benefit Multiple Users Enhancements to System for Tracking Radioactive Waste Shipments Benefit Multiple Users January 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis Transportation Tracking and Communication System users can now track shipments of radioactive materials and access transportation information on mobile devices. Transportation Tracking and Communication System users can now track shipments of radioactive materials and access transportation information on mobile devices. CARLSBAD, N.M. - EM's Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO) recently deployed a new version of the Transportation Tracking and Communication System (TRANSCOM) that is compatible with mobile devices, including smartphones. The recent enhancement, TRANSCOM version 3.0, improves the user interface
Tools, Methods, and Modeling for Advanced Distribution Systems
This report identifies new analytical requirements for the smart distribution system and explains how electric utilities can use new analytical tools to maximize the benefits of advanced control systems, mitigate the adverse consequences of distributed energy resources (especially renewables with variable output), and leverage new information that is becoming available to planning and design engineers.
Strategy Guideline: Compact Air Distribution Systems
This Strategy Guideline discusses the benefits and challenges of using a compact air distribution system to handle the reduced loads and reduced air volume needed to condition the space within an energy efficient home. Traditional systems sized by 'rule of thumb' (i.e., 1 ton of cooling per 400 ft2 of floor space) that 'wash' the exterior walls with conditioned air from floor registers cannot provide appropriate air mixing and moisture removal in low-load homes. A compact air distribution system locates the HVAC equipment centrally with shorter ducts run to interior walls, and ceiling supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls along the ceiling plane; alternatively, high sidewall supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls. Potential drawbacks include resistance from installing contractors or code officials who are unfamiliar with compact air distribution systems, as well as a lack of availability of low-cost high sidewall or ceiling supply outlets to meet the low air volumes with good throw characteristics. The decision criteria for a compact air distribution system must be determined early in the whole-house design process, considering both supply and return air design. However, careful installation of a compact air distribution system can result in lower material costs from smaller equipment, shorter duct runs, and fewer outlets; increased installation efficiencies, including ease of fitting the system into conditioned space; lower loads on a better balanced HVAC system, and overall improved energy efficiency of the home.
Burdick, A.
Standard Data Exchanges for Distribution System Management
Databases and software tools for electric power distribution systems have not been integrated, and this leads to extra costs and restrictions imposed on utilities and other stakeholders. For example, distributed resource integration studies and modern grid technology assessments are more difficult and costly. New vendors face high market entry barriers, because it�s necessary to interface with large and customized data systems at each potential utility customer. This project promotes data and software tool integration, through a set of data translators based on a common object model. The data translators are delivered as open-source software, using appropriate Web software technologies. The parties who benefit include electric utilities (and their ratepayers), researchers at government laboratories and universities, small software companies wishing to enter the electric utility market, and parties wishing to interconnect distributed generation to a utility system.
Thomas E. McDermott
Gossiping in distributed systems
Exchange of information between various nodes in a distributed network can be useful to utilize the available resources effectively. Gossiping algorithms can be used for this purpose. We begin with a survey of various gossiping schemes for different types of network topologies. Two types of gossiping techniques have traditionally been studied and used: (i) schemes in which there is an initiator to start the algorithm and (ii) sch emes without an initiator. These are again sub-divided into two classes: (i) each node knowing the entire graph of the network and (ii) each node knowing only its neighbors. In the schemes with an initiator, the leader initiates the algorithm and subsequently other nodes in the system participate in the algorithm when they are told to do so by a node which already participates in the algorithm. Assuming that each node knows only its neighbors, we propose and implement a gossiping scheme which can compromise message complexity with the time taken to reach consensus. This scheme assumes that one of the nodes is the initiator. We also propose a method for gossiping in an arbitrary graph without an initiator where nodes communicate asynchronously using timeouts.
Penubothu, Muralidhar V
ANN - based distribution system reconfiguration
This paper describes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - based distribution system reconfiguration scheme to reduce system loss. The ANN is trained for different load levels and different network topologies. The proposed scheme has been tested using a 38 - bus distribution system. The results are very promising.
Momoh, J.A.; Wang, Yanchun [Howard Univ., Washington, DC (United States). Electrical Engineering Dept.; Rizy, D.T. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Distribution Management Systems Planning Guide
No portion of the electric power grid has been impacted more significantly by the Smart Grid concept than the electric distribution system. In the past, the distribution portion of the system received little attention compared to transmission and generation systems unless the lights went out. Since the dawn of the smart grid era, many electric distribution utilities have transitioned from (or are in the process of transitioning from) a mostly manual, paper-driven business process to electronic ...
Optimal Model of Distributed Energy System by Using GAMS and Case Study
price and electricity price, etc) and 1) The benefit of distributed energy system is from the technical information (co-generation, PV,
Yang, Yongwen; Gao, Weijun; Ruan, Yingjun; Xuan, Ji; Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris
Discussion Summary Discussion Summary Electricity Transmission System Workshop 1 Grid Tech Team Discussion Summary Electricity Transmission System Workshop 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 4 Process ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Synthesized Challenges ............................................................................................................................. 5
Ettore F. BOMPARD, European Commission, Institute for Energy and Market-based control in emerging distribution system operation
in emerging distribution system operation In emerging electrical distribution systems, a multitude of self by distributed and adaptive control signals over prosumers, market-based control needs to make prosumer benefits
Nesterov, Yurii
NETL: Gasification Systems - Evaluation of the Benefits of Advanced Dry
Feed Systems Feed Systems Evaluation of the Benefits of Advanced Dry Feed System for Low Rank Coal Project Number: DE-FE0007902 General Electric Company (GE) is evaluating and demonstrating the benefits of novel dry feed technologies to effectively, reliably, and economically provide feeding of low-cost, low-rank coals into commercial Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems. GE is completing comparative techno-economic studies of two IGCC power plant cases, one without and one with advanced dry feed technologies. A common basis of design is being developed so that overall assumptions and methodologies are common in the two cases for both technical and economic areas. The baseline case, without advanced dry feed technologies, will use operational data from the Eastman Chemical Company Kingsport gasification facility in combination with DOE/NETL's Cost and Performance Baseline Low-Rank Coal to Electricity IGCC study for both cost and performance comparisons. Advanced dry feed technologies, based upon the Posimetric® pump currently under development by GE, will be developed to match the proposed plant conditions and configuration, and will be analyzed to provide comparative performance and cost information to the baseline plant case. The scope of this analysis will cover the feed system from the raw coal silo up to, and including, the gasifier injector. Test data from previous and current testing will be summarized in a report to support the assumptions used to evaluate the advanced technologies and the potential value for future applications. This study focuses primarily on IGCC systems with 90 percent carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), but the dry feed system will be applicable to all IGCC power generating plants, as well as other industries requiring pressurized syngas.
Finding Benefits by Modeling and Optimizing Steam and Power Systems
A site-wide steam modeling and optimization program (Visual MESA) was implemented at the INEOS Chocolate Bayou site. This program optimizes steam production, compressor turbine extraction, pump operation (turbine/motor) operation, as well as the monitoring of the entire steam system. This is used for both day-to-day site optimization as well as long-term site planning. In this presentation, we will discuss who the main users of the program are and how they and the plant derive benefits from its use.
Jones, B.; Nelson, D.
Analysis of costs-benefits tradeoffs of complex security systems
Essential to a systems approach to design of security systems is an analysis of the cost effectiveness of alternative designs. While the concept of analysis of costs and benefits is straightforward, implementation can be at the least tedious and, for complex designs and alternatives, can become nearly intractable without the help of structured analysis tools. PACAIT--Performance and Cost Analysis Integrated Tools--is a prototype tool. The performance side of the analysis collates and reduces data from ASSESS, and existing DOE PC-based security systems performance analysis tool. The costs side of the analysis uses ACE, an existing DOD PC-based costs analysis tool. Costs are reported over the full life-cycle of the system, that is, the costs to procure, operate, maintain and retire the system and all of its components. Results are collected in Microsoft{reg_sign} Excel workbooks and are readily available to analysts and decision makers in both tabular and graphical formats and at both the system and path-element levels.
Hicks, M.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Security Systems Analysis and Development Dept.
Hybrid distributed generation for power distribution systems planning
This paper presents planning models for hybrid distributed generation systems, as well as the results corresponding to a distribution systems planning problem obtained using a new computational tool based on a Geographic Information System, GIS. This ... Keywords: distributed generation (DG), geographical information systems (GIS), hybrid power systems, optimal planning
I. J. Ram�rez-Rosado; P. J. Zorzano-Santamar�a; L. A. Fern�ndez-Jim�nez; E. Garc�a-Garrido; P. Lara-Santill�n; E. Zorzano-Alba; M. Mendoza-Villena
Distribution System Planning with Distributed Generation: Optimal versus Heuristic Approach.
??Distribution system design and planning is facing a major change in paradigm because of deregulation of the power industry and with rapid penetration of distributed� (more)
Bin Humayd, Abdullah
Distribution System Design for Strategic Use of Distributed Generation
This project was undertaken to identify distribution system design characteristics that limit widespread distributed generation (DG) penetration in utility distribution systems and to suggest new system design paths that increase strategic use of DG by distribution system operators. This work in 2005 was the first phase (requirements definition) of a multi-year project in the EPRI Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) program plan. The multi-year project calls for design, implementation, and testing of ...
Quantification of Regional Green House Gas Emission Impacts and Benefits for Distributed Generation
The electric power generation sector contributes about one-third of all green house gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. To curb green house gas emissions, all options in the electric power value chain must be considered and evaluated. More effective use of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems and efficient use of natural gas via use in distributed combined heat, power (CHP), and cooling systems in the end-use sector may be options to mitigating GHG emissions. This research project quantitatively e...
Measuring Advances in HVAC Distribution System Design
Gabel and Andresen, HVAC Secondary Toolkil. Atlanta: ASHRAE,P_02 Measuring Advances in HVAC Distribution System Designdesign and operation of the HVAC thermal distribution system
Franconi, E.
Benefits of Dedicating Resource Sharing Services for Data-Centers using Emerging Multi-Core Systems
Current data-centers lack in efficient support for intelligent services, such as data sharing, resource monitoring, controlling overload scenarios, etc., which has become a common requirement today. Researchers and several organizations have been working towards adding co-processing units (such as FPGAs) in the hardware to offload some of the features of such intelligent services. However, at this point of time, it is not clear on how much benefits such co-processing units can provide to the data-center applications. On the other hand, as multicore systems are emerging, it opens up new ways to design, implement and emulate such co-processing units with the help of multiple cores in the system. To study the performance benefits, in this paper, we onload some of the prime functionalities of data-center services to dedicated cores. Specifically, we onload the data sharing and resource monitoring services to a dedicated core in a multi-core system and analyze the performance benefits in terms of Inter Process Communication (IPC) costs, overhead in response time and execution time of several applications. Our micro-benchmark results show that the performance of the dedicated data sharing service can be improved by 25 % as compared to existing implementation. Evaluations with dedicated resource monitoring service show that the dedicated core can avoid fluctuations in response time compared to existing implementation. Distributed STORM and application checkpointing over the data sharing service show up to 15 % and 33 % improvement, respectively, as compared to the existing implementation. 1
K. Vaidyanathan; P. Lai; S. Narravula; D. K. Panda; K. Vaidyanathan; P. Lai; S. Narravula; D. K. Panda
Using a scalable modeling and simulation framework to evaluate the benefits of intelligent transportation systems.
A scalable, distributed modeling and simulation framework has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to study Intelligent Transportation Systems. The framework can run on a single-processor workstation, or run distributed on a multiprocessor computer or network of workstations. The framework is modular and supports plug-in models, hardware, and live data sources. The initial set of models currently includes road network and traffic flow, probe and smart vehicles, traffic management centers, communications between vehicles and centers, in-vehicle navigation systems, roadway traffic advisories. The modeling and simulation capability has been used to examine proposed ITS concepts. Results are presented from modeling scenarios from the Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept (ADVANCE) experimental program to demonstrate how the framework can be used to evaluate the benefits of ITS and to plan future ITS operational tests and deployment initiatives.
Ewing, T.; Tentner, A.
Properly Understanding the Impacts of Distributed Resources on Distribution Systems
The subject paper discusses important impacts of distributed resources on distribution networks and feeders. These include capacity, line losses, voltage regulation, and central system support (such as volt/var via central generators and substation) as the number, placement and penetration levels of distributed resources are varied. Typically, the impacts of distributed resources on the distribution system are studied by using steady-state rather than dynamic analysis tools. However, the response time and transient impacts of both system equipment (such as substation/feeder capacitors) and distributed resources needs to be taken into account and only dynamic analysis will provide the full impact results. ORNL is wrapping up a study of distributed resources interconnected to a large distribution system considering the above variables. A report of the study and its results will be condensed into a paper for this panel session. The impact of distributed resources will vary as the penetration level reaches the capacity of the distribution feeder/system. The question is how high of a penetration of distributed resource can be accommodated on the distribution feeder/system without any major changes to system operation, design and protection. The impacts most surely will vary depending upon load composition, distribution and level. Also, it is expected that various placement of distributed resources will impact the distribution system differently.
Rizy, D Tom [ORNL; Li, Fangxing [ORNL; Li, Huijuan [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Adhikari, Sarina [ORNL; Kueck, John D [ORNL
Integrating Smart Distributed Energy Resources with Distribution Management Systems
No portion of the electric power grid has been impacted more by grid modernization (that is, the �smart grid�) than the electric distribution system. A central part of this transformation is the distribution management system (DMS), which integrates numerous remote monitoring and central control facilities with enterprise-level systems to optimize distribution system performance and accomplish a variety of business goals. At the same time, distributed energy resources are often connected ...
Enhanced distributed energy resource system
A power transmission system including a direct current power source electrically connected to a conversion device for converting direct current into alternating current, a conversion device connected to a power distribution system through a junction, an energy storage device capable of producing direct current connected to a converter, where the converter, such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor, converts direct current from an energy storage device into alternating current and supplies the current to the junction and subsequently to the power distribution system. A microprocessor controller, connected to a sampling and feedback module and the converter, determines when the current load is higher than a set threshold value, requiring triggering of the converter to supply supplemental current to the power transmission system.
Atcitty, Stanley (Albuquerque, NM); Clark, Nancy H. (Corrales, NM); Boyes, John D. (Albuquerque, NM); Ranade, Satishkumar J. (Las Cruces, NM)
Protection system design for power distribution systems in the presence of distributed generation.
??The increasing presence of distributed generation and the steady modernization of power distribution system equipment have presented new opportunities in power distribution system studies. This� (more)
Mao, Yiming
Buildings Energy Data Book: 6.5 Public Benefit Funds/System Benefit Funds
Buildings Energy Data Book (EERE)
3 3 Demand-Side Management Funds Collected for Energy Efficiency Programs in 2000 (1) Total Expenditures Per Capita Spending ($2009 million) ($2009/person) Connecticut 82.1 24.08 Massachusetts 122.7 19.29 Rhode Island 17.3 16.48 New Jersey 137.6 16.32 Vermont 7.8 12.74 Maine 15.6 12.21 Wisconsin 60.8 11.32 Hawaii 13.6 11.22 New York 201.3 10.60 California 354.5 10.43 National (2) 1,354 4.80 Note(s): Source(s): 1) This table shows demand side management funds(including Public Benefit Funds) collected in 2000 that were spent of energy efficiency programs. 2) The top ten states in spending per capita represent 74.8% of total U.S. funds collected for energy efficiency programs. American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy; Five Years In: An Examination of the First Half Decade of Public Benefit Energy Efficiency Policies, April
Ada in distributed systems: an overview
This paper reviews the available literature on the use of Ada in distributed systems. The following issues are discussed in more detail: units of distribution, program partitioning, building configurations, interprogram communication, type checking, ... Keywords: Ada, distributed systems, program partitioning
Marcin Paprzycki; Janusz Zalewski
Water Heaters and Hot Water Distribution Systems
distribution system, ground-source heat pump and ground heatdistribution systems, ground-source heat pumps and ground
Lutz, Jim
CEBAF Distributed Data Acquisition System
There are thousands of signals distributed throughout Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) that are useful for troubleshooting and identifying instabilities. Many of these signals are only available locally or monitored by systems with small bandwidths that cannot identify fast transients. The Distributed Data Acquisition (Dist DAQ) system will sample and record these signals simultaneously at rates up to 40 Msps. Its primary function will be to provide waveform records from signals throughout CEBAF to the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The waveforms will be collected after the occurrence of an event trigger. These triggers will be derived from signals such as periodic timers or accelerator faults. The waveform data can then be processed to quickly identify beam transport issues, thus reducing down time and increasing CEBAF performance. The Dist DAQ system will be comprised of multiple standalone chassis distributed throughout CEBAF. They will be interconnected via a fiber optic network to facilitate the global triggering of events. All of the chassis will also be connected directly to the CEBAF Ethernet and run EPICS locally. This allows for more flexibility than the typical configuration of a single board computer and other custom printed circuit boards (PCB) installed in a card cage.
Trent Allison; Thomas Powers
DOE Electricity Distribution System Workshop
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WORKSHOP DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WORKSHOP Mapping Challenges and Opportunities to Help Guide DOE R&D Investments over the Next Five Years Sheraton Crystal City, 1800 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Arlington, Virginia September 24-26, 2012 AGENDA Monday, September 24, 2012 1:00-1:30 Welcome and Introduction to the Grid Tech Team (GTT), Vision, and Framework The GTT synchronizes all grid-related activities across the DOE Dr. Anjan Bose, Grid Tech Team Lead 1:30-1:50 OE Vision, Activities, and Issues Patricia A. Hoffman, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) 1:50-2:10 EERE Vision, Activities, and Issues Dr. David Danielson, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) 2:10-2:40 Open Q&A Rich Scheer,
Sensors for Underground Distribution Systems
A variety of different sensors are needed for underground distribution applications. These include sensors for temperature monitoring to track possible overload issues and other issues that can cause heating in underground systems (for example, arcing), sensors for fault detection and characterization, and sensors for voltage and current monitoring to support a wide range of applications (for example, SCADA, volt/var control, and load flow management). In 2008, EPRI evaluated the present state of medium-...
Evaluating the Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp-Metering Strategy in Portland, Oregon
Evaluating the Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp-Metering Strategy in Portland, Oregon www the benefits of the System- Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) system implemented in the Portland Metropolitan northbound I-5 or northbound OR-217. Archival data does not include vehicle inflows to the ramp or metering
Bertini, Robert L.
An analysis of DC distribution systems .
??The Master's Thesis research focuses on analyzing the possibilities of using Direct Current distribution systems to distribute power to end users. Considering the shift in� (more)
Ajitkumar, Rohit
NREL: Electric Infrastructure Systems Research - Distributed...
the distributed power industry in the development and testing of distributed power systems. Researchers use state-of-the-art laboratories and outdoor test beds to characterize...
Distributed Energy Storage Systems: Deployments and Learnings
Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS) or so-called �edge-of-grid� systems are small scale energy storage systems that are positioned at the edge of the distribution grid, downstream of the distribution transformer, on the utility side of the meter. These systems have the potential to significantly improve power quality for the consumer, while also having the capability to provide distribution system support.�Several field trials of these systems are presently underway or are being ...
The ATLAS Distributed Analysis System
In the LHC operations era, analysis of the multi-petabyte ATLAS data sample by globally distributed physicists is a challenging task. To attain the required scale the ATLAS Computing Model was designed around the concept of grid computing, realized in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), the largest distributed computational resource existing in the sciences. The ATLAS experiment currently stores over 140 PB of data and runs about 140,000 concurrent jobs continuously at WLCG sites. During the first run of the LHC, the ATLAS Distributed Analysis (DA) service has operated stably and scaled as planned. More than 1600 users submitted jobs in 2012, with 2 million or more analysis jobs per week, peaking at about a million jobs per day. The system dynamically distributes popular data to expedite processing and maximally utilize resources. The reliability of the DA service is high but steadily improving; grid sites are continually validated against a set of standard tests, and a dedicated team of expert shifters ...
Legger, F; The ATLAS collaboration; Pacheco Pages, A; Stradling, A
The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power distribution systems. Volume 2, Utility case assessments
Electric utility distribution system impacts associated with the integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines (WT) are considered in this project. The impacts are expected to vary from site to site according to the following characteristics: (1) The local solar insolation and/or wind characteristics; (2) renewable energy source penetration level; (3) whether battery or other energy storage systems are applied; and (4) local utility distribution design standards and planning practices. Small, distributed renewable energy sources are connected to the utility distribution system like other, similar kW- and MW-scale equipment and loads. Residential applications are expected to be connected to single-phase 120/240-V secondaries. Larger kw-scale applications may be connected to three-phase secondaries, and larger hundred-kW and MW-scale applications, such as MW-scale windfarms or PV plants, may be connected to electric utility primary systems via customer-owned primary and secondary collection systems. Small, distributed renewable energy sources installed on utility distribution systems will also produce nonsite-specific utility generation system benefits such as energy and capacity displacement benefits, in addition to the local site-specific distribution system benefits. Although generation system benefits are not site-specific, they are utility-specific, and they vary significantly among utilities in different regions. In addition, transmission system benefits, environmental benefits and other benefits may apply. These benefits also vary significantly among utilities and regions. Seven utility case studies considering PV, WT, and battery storage were conducted to identify a range of potential renewable energy source distribution system applications.
Zaininger, H.W.; Ellis, P.R.; Schaefer, J.C. [Zaininger Engineering Co., San Jose, CA (United States)
Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems
, Ph.D Qingyan Chen, Ph.D. Student Member ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAE ABSTRACT Stratified air distribution distribution systems has been taken into consideration by the ASHRAE standards through the air distribution effectiveness. For example, Table 6-1 of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 (ASHRAE 2004) defines the minimum
Chen, Qingyan "Yan"
Heat Pump Thermal Distribution Systems, Volumes 1 and 2: Volumes 1 and 2
The thermal distribution system significantly affects the first cost and the operating cost of heat pumps. A detailed study has identified central and zoned systems that promise performance and cost benefits. This report discusses the thermal distribution system's applicability to air-source, ground-coupled, nonazeotropic refrigerant mixture and dual-fuel heat pumps.
Transportation system benefits of early deployment of a 75-ton multipurpose canister system
In 1993 the US Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System (CRWMS) began developing two multipurpose canister (MPC) systems to provide a standardized method for interim storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) at commercial nuclear power plants. One is a 75-ton concept with an estimated payload of about 6 metric tons (t) of SNF, and the other is a 125-ton concept with an estimated payload of nearly 11 t of SNF. These payloads are two to three times the payloads of the largest currently certified US rail transport casks, the IF-300. Although is it recognized that a fully developed 125-ton MPC system is likely to provide a greater cost benefit, and radiation exposure benefit than the lower-capacity 75-ton MPC, the authors of this paper suggest that development and deployment of the 75-ton MPC prior to developing and deploying a 125-ton MPC is a desirable strategy. Reasons that support this are discussed in this paper.
Wankerl, M.W. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Schmid, S.P. [Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Water Distribution System Recommendations for the 2008 Title- 24 Residential Building Energy Efficiency Standards .. 4 Multi-FamilyWater Distribution System Recommendations for the 2008 Title- 24 Residential Building Energy Efficiency Standards 11 Multi-FamilyWater Distribution System Recommendations for the 2008 Title- 24 Residential Building Energy Efficiency Standards 48 Multi-Family
Intrusion ripple analysis in distributed information systems
Security is a very important aspect of distributed computing systems, especially in distributed information environments involving wide-area networks, such as internets. This paper addresses how a security breach, such as intrusion, propagates through ... Keywords: computer crime, distributed information systems, internets, intrusion ripple analysis, networked information system, ripple effect analysis, security breach propagation, software maintenance, wide-area networks
S. S. Yau; Jun Zhu
Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group (Fact Sheet)
Factsheet developed to describe the activites of the Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group within NREL's Electricity, Resources, and Buildings Systems Integration center.
Not Available
Distributed Sensor Coordination for Advanced Energy Systems
Distributed Sensor Coordination for Advanced Energy Systems Background As advanced energy systems grow in size, they require an increasing number of pressure, temperature, and...
Heat Distribution Systems | Department of Energy
Distribution Systems Distribution Systems Heat Distribution Systems May 16, 2013 - 5:26pm Addthis Radiators are used in steam and hot water heating. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/Jot Radiators are used in steam and hot water heating. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/Jot Heat is distributed through your home in a variety of ways. Forced-air systems use ducts that can also be used for central air conditioning and heat pump systems. Radiant heating systems also have unique heat distribution systems. That leaves two heat distribution systems -- steam radiators and hot water radiators. Steam Radiators Steam heating is one of the oldest heating technologies, but the process of boiling and condensing water is inherently less efficient than more modern systems, plus it typically suffers from significant lag times between the
Definition: Distribution Management System | Open Energy Information
Management System Management System Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Distribution Management System A Distribution Management System (DMS) is a utility IT system capable of collecting, organizing, displaying and analyzing real-time or near real-time electric distribution system information. A DMS can also allow operators to plan and execute complex distribution system operations in order to increase system efficiency, optimize power flows, and prevent overloads. A DMS can interface with other operations applications such as geographic information systems (GIS), outage management systems (OMS), and customer information systems (CIS) to create an integrated view of distribution operations.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition In the recent years, utilization of electrical energy increased
Critical Needs for Distribution System Operations
The electric power distribution system (voltages up to 35 kV) is the most extensive network. While the operation of this system is of great importance from the reliability and safety point of view, managing this network varies among utilities from cases where modern distribution management systems are utilized to cases of minimal central operational capability. Distribution Management Systems (DMS) provide real time information to DSOs for the continuous moment by moment (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) o...
PVUSA: The value of photovoltaics in the distribution system. The Kerman Grid-Support Project
As part of the Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications Applications (PVUSA) Project Pacific Gas Electric Company (PG&E) built the Kerman 500-kW photovoltaic power plant. Located near the end of a distribution feeder in a rural section of Fresno County, the plant was not built so much to demonstrate PV technology, but to evaluate its interaction with the local distribution grid and quantify available nontraditional grid-support benefits (those other than energy and capacity). As demand for new generation began to languish in the 1980s, and siting and permitting of power plants and transmission lines became more involved, utilities began considering smaller, distributed power sources. Potential benefits include shorter construction lead time, less capital outlay, and better utilization of existing assets. The results of a PG&E study in 1990/1991 of the benefits from a PV system to the distribution grid prompted the PVUSA Project to construct a plant at Kerman. Completed in 1993, the plant is believed to be the first one specifically built to evaluate the multiple benefits to the grid of a strategically sited plant. Each of nine discrete benefits were evaluated in detail by first establishing the technical impact, then translating the results into present economic value. Benefits span the entire system from distribution feeder to the generation fleet. This work breaks new ground in evaluation of distributed resources, and suggests that resource planning practices be expanded to account for these non-traditional benefits.
Wenger, H.J.; Hoff, T.E. [Pacific Energy Group, Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
Electricity Distribution Systems: How Information Will Lead the Transformation
IBM IBM Electricity Distribution Systems How information will lead the transformation Allan Schurr VP Energy and Utilities 24 September 2012 Corporation Challenges facing the energy grid New entrants and disruptive technologies environmental concerns Increased pressure on Climate change and Aging asset performance operational efficiency with increased expectations and workforce on reliability productivity Increasing desire by consumers for a role in energy management and Growth in renewable generation and distributed resources conservation © 2012 IBM Corporation 2 Other transformed industries have lessons for the power grid Common Themes * Technology innovation * Disruptive new entrants * New business models Benefits for the consumer © 2012 IBM Corporation
Architecture of the Entropia Distributed Computing System
Distributed Computing, the exploitation of idle cycles on pervasive desktop PC systems offers the opportunity to increase the available computing power by orders of magnitude (10x - 1000x). However, for desktop PC distributed computing ...
Andrew A. Chien
Advanced applications for distribution system optimization
The primary objective for distribution system operation has always been to provide acceptable voltage for all customers under all loading conditions while maintaining safe conditions for the field workforce and the general public and protecting distribution ...
R. W. Uluski
The Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Electric Power Distribution Systems, Vol. II Utility Case Assessments
Electric utility distribution system impacts associated with the integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines (WT) are considered in this project. The impacts are expected to vary from site to site according to the following characteristics: the local solar insolation and/or wind characteristics, renewable energy source penetration level, whether battery or other energy storage systems are applied, and local utility distribution design standards and planning practices. Small, distributed renewable energy sources are connected to the utility distribution system like other, similar kW- and MW-scale equipment and loads. Residential applications are expected to be connected to single-phase 120/240-V secondaries. Larger kW-scale applications may be connected to three+phase secondaries, and larger hundred-kW and y-scale applications, such as MW-scale windfarms, or PV plants, may be connected to electric utility primary systems via customer-owned primary and secondary collection systems. In any case, the installation of small, distributed renewable energy sources is expected to have a significant impact on local utility distribution primary and secondary system economics. Small, distributed renewable energy sources installed on utility distribution systems will also produce nonsite-specific utility generation system benefits such as energy and capacity displacement benefits, in addition to the local site-specific distribution system benefits. Although generation system benefits are not site-specific, they are utility-specific, and they vary significantly among utilities in different regions. In addition, transmission system benefits, environmental benefits and other benefits may apply. These benefits also vary significantly among utilities and regions. Seven utility case studies considering PV, WT, and battery storage were conducted to identify a range of potential renewable energy source distribution system applications. The following utility- and site-specific conditions that may affect the economic viability of distributed renewable energy sources were considered: distribution system characteristics, and design standards, and voltage levels; load density, reliability, and power quality; solar insolation and wind resource levels; utility generation characteristics and load profiles; and investor-owned and publicly owned utilities, size, and financial assumptions.
Zaininger, H.W.
Low jitter RF distribution system
A timing signal distribution system includes an optical frequency stabilized laser signal amplitude modulated at an rf frequency. A transmitter box transmits a first portion of the laser signal and receive a modified optical signal, and outputs a second portion of the laser signal and a portion of the modified optical signal. A first optical fiber carries the first laser signal portion and the modified optical signal, and a second optical fiber carries the second portion of the laser signal and the returned modified optical signal. A receiver box receives the first laser signal portion, shifts the frequency of the first laser signal portion outputs the modified optical signal, and outputs an electrical signal on the basis of the laser signal. A detector at the end of the second optical fiber outputs a signal based on the modified optical signal. An optical delay sensing circuit outputs a data signal based on the detected modified optical signal. An rf phase detect and correct signal circuit outputs a signal corresponding to a phase stabilized rf signal based on the data signal and the frequency received from the receiver box.
Wilcox, Russell; Doolittle, Lawrence; Huang, Gang
Heat Watch/Warning Systems Save Lives: Estimated Costs and Benefits for Philadelphia 1995�98
The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hot Weather�Health Watch/Warning System was initiated in 1995 to alert the city's population to take precautionary actions when hot weather posed risks to health. The number of lives saved and the economic benefit ...
Kristie L. Ebi; Thomas J. Teisberg; Laurence S. Kalkstein; Lawrence Robinson; Rodney F. Weiher
NETL: Gasification Systems - Evaluation of the Benefits of Advanced...
economically provide feeding of low-cost, low-rank coals into commercial Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems. GE is completing comparative techno-economic studies...
Distributed Systems for Energy Management
buildings-to-grid, responsive loads, on-line monitoring of efficiency programs, microgrids, and other forms of distributed resource management. A key challenge will be the...
Managing trust in distributed agent systems
Software agent technology has attracted much attention for developing various distributed systems, composed of autonomous agents interacting with one another using particular mechanisms and protocols. Such systems provide high-level reconfigurability, ... Keywords: distributed agent systems, security, situation-awareness, trust, trust management
Stephen S. Yau
Optimal Network Reconfiguration for Electric Distribution Systems
Utility distribution systems are at the center of the smart grid revolution and, at the same time, are challenged by an aging infrastructure, legacy systems that must be integrated with new technologies, changing load characteristics (such as electric vehicles), and the requirement for integration of widespread distributed resources. Given these challenges, electricity distribution companies are under pressure to improve reliability and system performance, build the necessary infrastructure for integrati...
Variability of PV on Distribution Systems
In 2010, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) along with several utilities began collecting high-resolution monitoring data on distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems throughout the United States. Included in these monitoring data are single-module PV systems distributed along selected feeders as well as several larger PV systems (up to 1.4 MW). Utilizing data from these sites, this report focuses specifically on examining the measured variability of solar PV distributed throughout a ...
Utility Grid-Connected Distributed Power Systems
Grid-Connected Distributed Power Systems National Solar Energy Conference ASES Solar 96 Asheville, NC April 1996 Donald E. OsbornDavid E. Collier Sacramento Municipal Utility...
Laser Spark Distribution and Ignition System
Laser Spark Distribution and Ignition System Opportunity The Department of Energy�s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners ...
Distributionally robust control of constrained stochastic systems
May 1, 2013 ... Distributionally robust control of constrained stochastic systems. Bart P.G. Van Parys (bartvan ***at*** control.ee.ethz.ch) Daniel Kuhn (d.kuhn�...
Distributed Information System Development: Review of Some ...
2 Management Issues in Distributed Information System ... creation and testing, to software's installation and maintenance-and even extends to the improvement�...
of this "thermal mixing", the heating and cooling loadsyear) Cooling Plant Heating Plant Fans Total Thermal Tobllthermal distribution system includes the components that carry the heating and cooling
Building a Smarter Distribution System in Pennsylvania
PPL Electric Utilities Corporation Smart Grid Investment Grant 1 Building a Smarter Distribution System in Pennsylvania PPL Electric Utilities Corporation (PPL) provides...
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, Distributed Generation (DG), is forecasted to increase in distribution networks. The study of reliability evaluation of such networks is a relatively new area. This research presents a new methodology that can be used to analyze the reliability of such distribution systems and can be applied in preliminary planning studies for such systems. The method uses a sequential Monte Carlo simulation of the distribution system�?s stochastic model to generate the operating behavior and combines that with a path augmenting Max flow algorithm to evaluate the load status for each state change of operation in the system. Overall system and load point reliability indices such as hourly loss of load, frequency of loss of load and expected energy unserved can be computed using this technique. On addition of DG in standby mode of operation at specific locations in the network, the reliability indices can be compared for different scenarios and strategies for placement of DG and their capacities can be determined using this methodology.
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Developing object-based distributed system
The OO-action systems formalism is a recent extension of action systems towards object-orientation. An OO-action system models an object-oriented system with active objects. In this paper we make the notion of a distributed object clear within this framework. Moreover, we show how object-based distributed systems are designed stepwise within a formal framework, the re nement calculus.
Marcello M. Bonsangue; Joost N. Kok; Kaisa Sere; Turku Centre; Computer Science
Could Your Home Benefit from a Small Wind Electric System? | Department of
Could Your Home Benefit from a Small Wind Electric System? Could Your Home Benefit from a Small Wind Electric System? Could Your Home Benefit from a Small Wind Electric System? August 8, 2013 - 2:31pm Addthis A small wind electric system can be a clean, affordable way to power your home. | Photo courtesy of Thomas Fleckenstein, NREL 26476 A small wind electric system can be a clean, affordable way to power your home. | Photo courtesy of Thomas Fleckenstein, NREL 26476 Erik Hyrkas Erik Hyrkas Media Relations Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy How can I participate? Check out these resources to figure out whether a small wind electric system is the right choice for you. Small residential wind turbines have been around for decades, and in recent years they have become a more affordable option due to tax credits and
Integrating Renewable Energy into the Transmission and Distribution System
Integrating Renewable Energy into the Transmission and Distribution Integrating Renewable Energy into the Transmission and Distribution System of the U.S. Virgin Islands Integrating Renewable Energy into the Transmission and Distribution System of the U.S. Virgin Islands This report describes one area in which islands may lead: integrating a high percentage of renewable energy resources into an isolated grid. In addition, it explores the challenges, feasibility, and potential benefits of interconnecting the USVI grids with the much larger Puerto Rican grid. 51294.pdf More Documents & Publications USVI Energy Road Map: Charting the Course to a Clean Energy Future (Brochure), EDIN (Energy Development in Island Nations), U.S. Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands Energy Road Map: Analysis Waste-to-Energy Evaluation: U.S. Virgin Islands
Time-compression: systems concerns, usage, and benefits
With the proliferation of online multimedia content and the popularity of multimedia streaming systems, it is increasingly useful to be able to skim and browse multimedia quickly. A key technique that enables quick browsing of multimedia is time-compression. ... Keywords: compression granularity, compression rate, latency, multimedia, time-compression, video browsing
Nosa Omoigui; Liwei He; Anoop Gupta; Jonathan Grudin; Elizabeth Sanocki
The architecture and implementation of a distributed hypermedia storage system
Keywords: computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), distributed data, distributed file systems, hypertext, performance, scalability
Douglas E. Shackelford; John B. Smith; F. Donelson Smith
Management of lifecycle costs and benefits: Lessons from information systems practice
Assessing the economic feasibility of information systems (IS) projects and operations remains a challenge for most organizations. This research investigates lifecycle cost and benefit management practices and demonstrates that, overall, although organizations ... Keywords: IT governance, IT value, Information management, Information system evaluation, Information system value
Egon Berghout; Menno Nijland; Philip Powell
Benefit/cost comparisons of SMES in system-specific application scenarios
The inherently high storage efficiency, instantaneous dispatch capability and multi-function uses of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) are attributes that give it the potential for widespread application in the electric utility industry. Opportunities appear to exist where SMES at a given location could provide multiple benefits either simultaneously or sequentially as system conditions dictate. These benefits, including diurnal storage and system stability and dynamic control enhancement, increase the application potential of SMES to a larger number of opportunities than might be justified by the value of its diurnal storage capability alone. However, the benefits an individual utility may realize from SMES applications are strongly influenced by the characteristics of the utility system, the location of the SMES unit and the timing of its installation in the system. Such benefits are typically not evaluated adequately in generic studies. This paper summarizes results of case studies performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) with funding provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The derivation of SMES benefits and costs are described and benefit/cost (B/C) ratios are compared in system-specific scenarios of interest to BPA. Results of using the DYNASTORE production cost model show the sensitivity of B/C ratios to SMES capacity and power and to the forecast system load. Intermediate-size SMES applications which primarily provide system stability and dynamic control enhancement are reviewed. The potential for SMES to levelize the output of a wind energy complex is also assessed. Most of the cases show SMES to provide a positive net benefit with the additional, sometimes surprising indication, that B/C ratios and net present worth of intermediate-size units can exceed those of larger systems.
De Steese, J.G.; Dagle, J.E.; Kreid, D.K. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Haner, J.M.; Myers, W.E. [Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR (United States)
The Thermodynamic and Cost Benefits of Floating Cooling Systems
Historically, a fixed cooling concept is used in the design of evaporative heat rejection systems for process and power plants. In the fixed cooling mode, a plant is designed for maximum output at the design summer wet bulb temperature. The application of a floating cooling concept to evaporative heat rejection systems can have significant impact on improving plant performance. The floating cooling concept refers to the optimization of yearly plant output and energy consumption by taking advantage of seasonal wet bulb temperature fluctuations. The maximum plant output occurs at the average winter wet bulb temperature. Floating cooling is especially suited to base load power plants located in regions with large daily and seasonal wet bulb temperature variations. An example for a geothermal power plant is included in this paper.
Svoboda, K. J.; Klooster, H. J.; Johnnie, D. H., Jr.
Estimating Reliability of Critical Distribution System Components
EPRI has been developing methods for distribution planning since 1992. At that time, research directed at the concept of distributed resources begun by EPRI, Pacific Gas & Electric, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory led to further consideration of distribution planning in general. More recently this analysis has raised the issue of aging of the distribution infrastructure and how to optimize maintenance and replacement of aging systems. This report discusses: 1) research into the prediction of...
Checkpointing Using Mobile Agents in Distributed Systems
Traditional message passing based checkpointing and rollback recovery algorithms perform well for tightly coupled systems. In wide area distributed systems these algorithms may suffer from large overhead due to message passing delay and network traffic. ...
Partha Sarathi Mandal; Krishnendu Mukhopadhyaya
Energy storage benefits and market analysis handbook : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program.
This Guide describes a high level, technology-neutral framework for assessing potential benefits from and economic market potential for energy storage used for electric utility-related applications. In the United States use of electricity storage to support and optimize transmission and distribution (T&D) services has been limited due to high storage system cost and by limited experience with storage system design and operation. Recent improvement of energy storage and power electronics technologies, coupled with changes in the electricity marketplace, indicate an era of expanding opportunity for electricity storage as a cost-effective electric resource. Some recent developments (in no particular order) that drive the opportunity include: (1) states adoption of the renewables portfolio standard (RPS), which may increased use of renewable generation with intermittent output, (2) financial risk leading to limited investment in new transmission capacity, coupled with increasing congestion on some transmission lines, (3) regional peaking generation capacity constraints, and (4) increasing emphasis on locational marginal pricing (LMP).
Eyer, James M. (Distributed Utility Associates, Livermore, CA); Corey, Garth P.; Iannucci, Joseph J., Jr. (Distributed Utility Associates, Livermore, CA)
Lighting system with heat distribution face plate
Lighting systems having a light source and a thermal management system are provided. The thermal management system includes synthetic jet devices, a heat sink and a heat distribution face plate. The synthetic jet devices are arranged in parallel to one and other and are configured to actively cool the lighting system. The heat distribution face plate is configured to radially transfer heat from the light source into the ambient air.
Arik, Mehmet; Weaver, Stanton Earl; Stecher, Thomas Elliot; Kuenzler, Glenn Howard; Wolfe, Jr., Charles Franklin; Li, Ri
Uses for Distributed Photovoltaic and Storage Systems
A range of factors are driving increases in the quantity of distributed photovoltaics connected to utility distribution systems. Going forward, it is anticipated that this growth will continue and that battery storage systems may also become common. These systems are expected to be both customer and utility owned. In either case, there is interest in understanding the full range of ways in which these systems might be used to maximize their value, to enable their integration in large numbers, and to opti...
Scalable data management in distributed information systems
In the era of cloud computing and huge information systems, distributed applications should manage dynamic workloads; i.e., the amount of client requests per time unit may vary frequently and servers should rapidly adapt their computing efforts to those ... Keywords: NoSQL, cloud computing, data management, distributed system, high availability, scalability
M. Remedios Pallard�-Lozoya; Javier Esparza-Peidro; Jos�-Ram�n Garc�a-Escriv�; Hendrik Decker; Francesc D. Mu�oz-Esco�
Hybrid solar lighting distribution systems and components
A hybrid solar lighting distribution system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates all components.
Muhs, Jeffrey D. (Lenoir City, TN); Earl, Dennis D. (Knoxville, TN); Beshears, David L. (Knoxville, TN); Maxey, Lonnie C. (Powell, TN); Jordan, John K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lind, Randall F. (Lenoir City, TN)
The Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Electric Power Distribution Systems
Renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, and wind turbine power are environmentally beneficial sources of electric power generation. The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power distribution systems can provide additional economic benefits because of a reduction in the losses associated with transmission and distribution lines. Benefits associated with the deferment of transmission and distribution investment may also be possible for cases where there is a high correlation between peak circuit load and renewable energy electric generation, such as photovoltaic systems in the Southwest. Case studies were conducted with actual power distribution system data for seven electric utilities with the participation of those utilities. Integrating renewable energy systems into electric power distribution systems increased the value of the benefits by about 20 to 55% above central station benefits in the national regional assessment. In the case studies presented in Vol. II, the range was larger: from a few percent to near 80% for a case where costly investments were deferred. In general, additional savings of at least 10 to 20% can be expected by integrating at the distribution level. Wind energy systems were found to be economical in good wind resource regions, whereas photovoltaic systems costs are presently a factor of 2.5 too expensive under the most favorable conditions.
Barnes, P.R.
Spark Distribution and Ignition System Spark Distribution and Ignition System Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners interested in implement- ing United States Patent Number 7,421,166 entitled "Laser Spark Distribution and Ignition System." Disclosed in this patent is NETL's laser spark distribution and ignition system, which reduces the high-power optical requirements normally needed for such a system by using optical fibers to deliver low-peak-energy pumping pulses to a laser amplifier or laser oscillator. Laser spark generators then produce a high-peak-power laser spark from a single low power pulse. The system has ap- plications in natural gas fueled reciprocating engines, turbine combustors, explosives, and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostic sensors.
TENANT INTERFACE FOR ENERGY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (TIEMS) What are the Benefits?
TENANT INTERFACE FOR ENERGY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS (TIEMS) What are the Benefits? Building and maintenance engineers. Information Technology for Energy and Maintenance Management Most building operators System, or TIEMS) to collect and manage information from tenants more efficiently (Figure 2). Tenants
Distribution System Cyber Security Architecture
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed the NISTIR 7628: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security, while ASAP-SG has developed both the Security Profile for AMI (v2.0) and the Security Profile for Distribution Management. These documents are necessarily high level and generic, covering a broad range of smart grid assets, and focus exclusively on determining the security requirements. However, utilities and their vendors often cannot get a clear picture of what existing tec...
Substantial commercial building energy savings have been achieved by improving the performance of the HV AC distribution system. The energy savings result from distribution system design improvements, advanced control capabilities, and use of variable-speed motors. Yet, much of the commercial building stock remains equipped with inefficient systems. Contributing to this is the absence of a definition for distribution system efficiency as well as the analysis methods for quantifying performance. This research investigates the application of performance indices to assess design advancements in commercial building thermal distribution systems. The index definitions are based on a first and second law of thermodynamics analysis of the system. The second law or availability analysis enables the determination of the true efficiency of the system. Availability analysis is a convenient way to make system efficiency comparisons since performance is evaluated relative to an ideal process. A TRNSYS simulation model is developed to analyze the performance of two distribution system types, a constant air volume system and a variable air volume system, that serve one floor of a large office building. Performance indices are calculated using the simulation results to compare the performance of the two systems types in several locations. Changes in index values are compared to changes in plant energy, costs, and carbon emissions to explore the ability of the indices to estimate these quantities.
Measuring advances in HVAC distribution system designs
Substantial commercial building energy savings have been achieved by improving the performance of the HVAC distribution system. The energy savings result from distribution system design improvements, advanced control capabilities, and use of variable-speed motors. Yet, much of the commercial building stock remains equipped with inefficient systems. Contributing to this is the absence of a definition for distribution system efficiency as well as the analysis methods for quantifying performance. This research investigates the application of performance indices to assess design advancements in commercial building thermal distribution systems. The index definitions are based on a first and second law of thermodynamics analysis of the system. The second law or availability analysis enables the determination of the true efficiency of the system. Availability analysis is a convenient way to make system efficiency comparisons since performance is evaluated relative to an ideal process. A TRNSYS simulation model is developed to analyze the performance of two distribution system types, a constant air volume system and a variable air volume system, that serve one floor of a large office building. Performance indices are calculated using the simulation results to compare the performance of the two systems types in several locations. Changes in index values are compared to changes in plant energy, costs, and carbon emissions to explore the ability of the indices to estimate these quantities.
Franconi, Ellen
market follows: information (gas price and electricity price, etc) and 1) The benefit of distributed energy
Lighting Group: Light Distribution Systems
Retrofit Alternatives to Incandescent Downlights Hotel and Institutional Bathroom Lighting Portable Office Lighting Systems Low Glare Outdoor Retrofit Luminaire LED Luminaires...
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Smart Grid Technologies Through System Simulations
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Smart Grid Technologies Through System Simulations Cost-Benefit Analysis of Smart Grid Technologies Through System Simulations Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Spain Installed Wind Capacity Website Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Market Analysis Website: www.gwec.net/index.php?id=131 Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/spain-installed-wind-capacity-website Language: English Policies: Regulations Regulations: Feed-in Tariffs This website presents an overview of total installed wind energy capacity in Spain per year from 2000 to 2010. The page also presents the main market developments from 2010; a policy summary; a discussion of the revision in feed-in tariffs in 2010; and a future market outlook. References Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Cost-Benefit_Analysis_of_Smart_Grid_Technologies_Through_System_Simulations&oldid=514355"
Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation
PNNL, in cooperation with three utilities, developed a database and methodology to analyze and characterize the avoided costs of Distributed Generation (DG) deployment as an alternative to traditional distribution system investment. After applying a number of screening criteria to the initial set of 307 cases, eighteen were selected for detailed analysis. Alternative DG investment scenarios were developed for these cases to permit capital, operation, maintenance, and fuel costs to be identified and incorporated into the analysis. The �customer-owned� backup power generator option was also investigated. The results of the analysis of the 18 cases show that none yielded cost savings under the alternative DG scenarios. However, the DG alternative systems were configured using very restrictive assumptions concerning reliability, peak rating, engine types and acceptable fuel. In particular it was assumed that the DG alternative in each case must meet the reliability required of conventional distribution systems (99.91% reliability). The analysis was further constrained by a requirement that each substation meet the demands placed upon it by a one in three weather occurrence. To determine if, by relaxing these requirements, the DG alternative might be more viable, one project was re-examined. The 99.91% reliability factor was still assumed for normal operating conditions but redundancy required to maintain reliability was relaxed for the relatively few hours every three years where extreme weather caused load to exceed present substation capacity. This resulted in the deferment of capital investment until later years and reduced the number of engines required for the project. The cost of both the conventional and DG alternative also dropped because the centralized power generation, variable O&M, and DG fuels costs were calculated based on present load requirements in combination with long-term forecasts of load growth, as opposed to load requirements plus a buffer based on predictions of extraordinary weather conditions. Application of the relaxed set of assumptions reduced the total cost of the DG alternative by roughly 57 percent from $7.0 million to $3.0 million. The reduction, however, did not change the overall result of the analysis, as the cost of the conventional distribution system upgrade alternative remained lower at $1.7 million. This paper also explores the feasibility of using a system of backup generators to defer investment in distribution system infrastructure. Rather than expanding substation capacity at substations experiencing slow load growth rates, PNNL considered a scenario where diesel generators were installed on location at customers participating in a program designed to offer additional power security and reliability to the customer and connection to the grid. The backup generators, in turn, could be used to meet peak demand for a limited number of hours each year, thus deferring distribution system investment. Data from an existing program at one of the three participating utilities was used to quantify the costs associated with the backup generator scenario. The results of the �customer owned� backup power generator analysis showed that in all cases the nominal cost of the DG scenario is more than the nominal cost of the base-case conventional distribution system upgrade scenario. However, in two of the cases the total present value costs of the alternative backup generator scenarios were between 15 and 22% less than those for the conventional scenarios. Overall, the results of the study offer considerable encouragement that the use of DG systems can defer conventional distribution system upgrades under the right conditions and when the DG configurations are intelligently designed. Using existing customer-owned DG to defer distribution system upgrades appears to be an immediate commercially-viable opportunity.
Schienbein, Lawrence A.; Balducci, Patrick J.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Brown, Daryl R.; DeSteese, John G.; Speer, Gregory A.
Distributed Resource Cost Impacts on Transmission and Distribution Systems
This report examines distributed resource (DR) cost impacts on transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. It reviews and documents the cost structure of traditional T&D infrastructure and of DR technologies. It also shows economic analyses using the above costs for cases where DR is applied to solve T&D infrastructure problems and discusses the potential for DR to strand existing T&D investment. Finally, the report provides informative and interesting studies of cases in which utilities have used DR to...
Optimal Design of Overhead Distribution Systems
It is not uncommon for overhead distribution conductors to make contact with trees. These incidental contacts can be either intermittent or relatively persistent, are typically not detectable by overcurrent protection systems, and typically do not result in interruptions on distributions circuits. This project focuses on assessing voltage gradients and fault currents created when trees come into contact with distribution conductors, allowing current to flow through the tree from point of contact to earth...
NREL: Electric Infrastructure Systems Research - Distributed Energy
Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility NREL's Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility (DERTF) is a working laboratory for interconnection and systems integration testing. This state-of-the-art facility includes generation, storage, and interconnection technologies as well as electric power system equipment capable of simulating a real-world electric system. Photo of the Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility and an adjacent solar photovoltaic array. The Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility is located at the National Wind Technology Center near Boulder, Colorado. Take a virtual tour of the DERTF. Researchers at the facility can vary equipment configurations and introduce common electrical disturbances such as sags, swells, and harmonic issues on
Massively distributed systems: design issues and challenges
The forty year trend in the computing industry is away from centralized, high unit cost, low unit volume products toward distributed, low unit cost, high unit volume products. The next step in this process is the emergence of massively distributed systems. ...
Dan Nessett
Distributed Energy System Validation, Commissioning and
Distributed Energy System Validation, Commissioning and Qualification Test Report Prepared Agreement No. DE-FC26-06NT42847 Hawai`i Distributed Energy Resource Technologies for Energy Security Subtask for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Under Cooperative
H.38 EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION: PAY AND BENEFITS (SEP 2013) (a) Total Compensation System
H.38 EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION: PAY AND BENEFITS (SEP 2013) H.38 EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION: PAY AND BENEFITS (SEP 2013) (a) Total Compensation System The Contractor shall develop, implement and maintain formal policies, practices and procedures to be used in the administration of its compensation system consistent with FAR 31.205-6 and DEAR 970.3102-05-6; "Compensation for Personal Services" ("Total Compensation System"). DOE-approved standards, if any, shall be applied to the Total Compensation System. The Contractor's Total Compensation System shall be fully documented, consistently applied, and acceptable to the Contracting Officer. Periodic appraisals of contractor performance with respect to the Contractors' Total Compensation System will be conducted. (1) The description of the Contractor Employee Compensation Program should
Distributed redundancy and robustness in complex systems
The uptake and increasing prevalence of Web 2.0 applications, promoting new large-scale and complex systems such as Cloud computing and the emerging Internet of Services/Things, requires tools and techniques to analyse and model methods to ensure the ... Keywords: Algebraic connectivity, Distributed redundancy, Observer system, System robustness
Martin Randles; David Lamb; E. Odat; A. Taleb-Bendiab
Integration of Distributed Resources in Electric Utility Distribution Systems: Distribution System Behavior Analysis for Urban and R ural Feeders
Accelerating commercialization of distributed resources (DR) has created the need for improved practices for integrating them with electric utility distribution systems. Analytical models of DR were developed for use in existing utility system simulation tools, and case studies on a rural and an urban distribution feeder were performed to assess the impacts of DR in various scenarios for those feeders.
Integration of Distributed Resources in the Electric Utility Distribution Systems: Distribution System Behavior Analysis for Suburba n Feeder
Accelerating commercialization of distributed resources (DR) has created the need to improve practices for integrating them with electric utility distribution systems. Analytical models of DR were developed for use in existing utility system simulation tools, and initial case studies on a suburban distribution feeder were performed to assess the impacts of DR in various scenarios for that feeder.
AC distribution system for TFTR pulsed loads
This paper outlines the AC distribution system associated with the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and discusses the significant areas related to design, protection, and equipment selection, particularly where there is a departure from normal utility and industrial applications.
Carroll, R.F.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Lemmon, G.N.; Moo, W.I.
A multi-project model of key factors affecting organizational benefits from enterprise systems
This paper develops a long-term, multi-project model of factors affecting organizational benefits from enterprise systems (ES), then reports a preliminary test of the model. In the shorter-term half of the model, it is hypothesized that once a system ... Keywords: IS implementation, IS project management, change management, enterprise system success, functional fit, improved access to information, integration, overcoming organizational inertia, packaged software, process optimization
Peter B. Seddon; Cheryl Calvert; Song Yang
System Support for Distributed Energy Management in Modular Operating Systems.
??This thesis proposes a novel approach for managing energy in modular operating systems. Our approach enables energy awareness if the resource-management subsystem is distributed among� (more)
St��, Jan
Assessment of Residential Combined Heat and Power Systems: Application Benefits and Vendors
This report provides an analysis of the benefits of installing a residential combined heat and power (RCHP) plant in several U.S. geographies and under a number of dispatch scenarios. The report also provides an assessment of 14 companies developing or selling RCHP systems in North American, Europe, and Japan.
An enhanced load transfer scheme for power distribution systems connected with distributed generation sources
This paper presents an enhanced load transfer scheme for power distribution systems connected with distributed generation sources. Load transfer is an important approach to improve the reliability of power distribution systems. The proposed load transfer ... Keywords: distributed generation source, distribution feeder, distribution system, interconnection, load transfer
Wen-Chih Yang; Wei-Tzer Huang
Prognostic Health Monitoring System: Component Selection Based on Risk Criteria and Economic Benefit Assessment
Prognostic health monitoring (PHM) is a proactive approach to monitor the ability of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) to withstand structural, thermal, and chemical loadings over the SSCs planned service lifespans. The current efforts to extend the operational license lifetime of the aging fleet of U.S. nuclear power plants from 40 to 60 years and beyond can benefit from a systematic application of PHM technology. Implementing a PHM system would strengthen the safety of nuclear power plants, reduce plant outage time, and reduce operation and maintenance costs. However, a nuclear power plant has thousands of SSCs, so implementing a PHM system that covers all SSCs requires careful planning and prioritization. This paper therefore focuses on a component selection that is based on the analysis of a component's failure probability, risk, and cost. Ultimately, the decision on component selection depend on the overall economical benefits arising from safety and operational considerations associated with implementing the PHM system.
Binh T. Pham; Vivek Agarwal; Nancy J Lybeck; Magdy S Tawfik
Thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings
Thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings Thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings Title Thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-51860 Year of Publication 2003 Authors Diamond, Richard C., Craig P. Wray, Darryl J. Dickerhoff, Nance Matson, and Duo Wang Start Page Chapter Abstract Previous research suggests that HVAC thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings suffer from thermal losses, such as those caused by duct air leakage and poor duct location. Due to a lack of metrics and data showing the potentially large energy savings from reducing these losses, the California building industry has mostly overlooked energy efficiency improvements in this area. The purpose of this project is to obtain the technical knowledge needed to properly measure and understand the energy efficiency of these systems. This project has three specific objectives: to develop metrics and diagnostics for determining system efficiencies, to develop design and retrofit information that the building industry can use to improve these systems, and to determine the energy impacts associated with duct leakage airflows in an existing large commercial building. The primary outcome of this project is the confirmation that duct leakage airflows can significantly impact energy use in large commercial buildings: our measurements indicate that adding 15% duct leakage at operating conditions leads to an increase in fan power of about 25 to 35%. This finding is consistent with impacts of increased duct leakage airflows on fan power that have been predicted by previous simulations. Other project outcomes include the definition of a new metric for distribution system efficiency, the demonstration of a reliable test for determining duct leakage airflows, and the development of new techniques for duct sealing. We expect that the project outcomes will lead to new requirements for commercial thermal distribution system efficiency in future revisions of California's Title 24.
Case studies of energy information systems and related technology: Operational practices, costs, and benefits
Energy Information Systems (EIS), which can monitor and analyze building energy consumption and related data throughout the Internet, have been increasing in use over the last decade. Though EIS developers describe the capabilities, costs, and benefits of EIS, many of these descriptions are idealized and often insufficient for potential users to evaluate cost, benefit and operational usefulness. LBNL has conducted a series of case studies of existing EIS and related technology installations. This study explored the following questions: (1) How is the EIS used in day-to-day operation? (2) What are the costs and benefits of an EIS? (3) Where do the energy savings come from? This paper reviews the process of these technologies from installation through energy management practice. The study is based on interviews with operators and energy managers who use EIS. Analysis of energy data trended by EIS and utility bills was also conducted to measure the benefit. This paper explores common uses and findings to identify energy savings attributable to EIS, and discusses non-energy benefits as well. This paper also addresses technologies related to EIS that have been demonstrated and evaluated by LBNL.
Motegi, Naoya; Piette, Mary Ann; Kinney, Satkartar; Dewey, Jim
Residential Power Systems for Distributed Generation Markets
This report is an update to "Technology Assessment of Residential Power Systems for Distributed Generation Markets" (EPRIsolutions report 1000772). That previous report dealt with fuel cells, stirling engine generators, and reciprocating engine generators; this current report focuses on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems fueled with natural gas or propane and sized for residential loads.
Load Forecasting for Modern Distribution Systems
Load forecasting is a fundamental activity for numerous organizations and activities within a utility, including planning, operations, and control. Transmission and Distribution (T&D) planning and design engineers use the load forecast to determine whether any changes and additions are needed to the electric system to satisfy the anticipated load. Other load forecast users include system operations, financial ...
Disclosed in this patent is NETL�s laser spark distribution and ignition system, which reduces the high-power optical requirements normally needed for such a system by using optical fibers to deliver low-peak-energy pumping pulses to a laser amplifier ...
Study - PPL Electric Utilities Corporation Smart Grid Investment Grant Study - PPL Electric Utilities Corporation Smart Grid Investment Grant 1 Building a Smarter Distribution System in Pennsylvania PPL Electric Utilities Corporation (PPL) provides electricity to 1.4 million customers across central and eastern Pennsylvania. Having installed smart meters and other advanced technologies over the last several years, PPL has experience with operating smart grid systems and achieving operational improvements. To further improve quality of service for its customers, PPL is implementing a $38 million Smart Grid Investment Grant, which includes $19 million in Recovery Act funds from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). PPL is installing a distribution management system (DMS), distribution automation (DA) devices, and supporting communication systems in a pilot program in the Harrisburg
Runtime Tracing of The Community Earth System Model: Feasibility and Benefits
Community Earth System Models (CESM) is one of US's leading earth system modeling systems, which has over decades of development history and embraced by large, active user communities. In this paper, we first review the history of CESM software development and layout the general objectives of performance analysis. Then we present an offline global community land model simulation within the CESM framework to demonstrate the procedure of runtime tracing of CESM using the Vampir toolset. Finally, we explain the benefits of runtime tracing to the general earth system modeling community. We hope those considerations can also be beneficial to many other modeling research programs involving legacy high-performance computing applications.
Wang, Dali [ORNL; Domke, Jens [ORNL
Information distribution in a quantum system
If the information is encoded into the state of the subsystem $S$ of a quantum system initially (at $t=0$), then it becomes distributed over the whole quantum system at $t>0$ due to the quantum interactions. Consequently, this information, in general, can be extracted, either completely or partially, from any subsystem of a quantum system. A polarization measurement based method of information extraction from the receiver $R$ is represented.
Zenchuk, A I
Distributed Generation Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
Distributed Generation Systems Inc Distributed Generation Systems Inc Name Distributed Generation Systems Inc Address 200 Union Blvd Place Lakewood, Colorado Zip 80228 Sector Wind energy Product Developer of electricity generation wind power facilities Website http://www.disgenonline.com/ Coordinates 39.718048°, -105.1324055° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":39.718048,"lon":-105.1324055,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Installation of the first Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS) at American Electric Power (AEP).
AEP studied the direct and indirect benefits, strengths, and weaknesses of distributed energy storage systems (DESS) and chose to transform its entire utility grid into a system that achieves optimal integration of both central and distributed energy assets. To that end, AEP installed the first NAS battery-based, energy storage system in North America. After one year of operation and testing, AEP has concluded that, although the initial costs of DESS are greater than conventional power solutions, the net benefits justify the AEP decision to create a grid of DESS with intelligent monitoring, communications, and control, in order to enable the utility grid of the future. This report details the site selection, construction, benefits and lessons learned of the first installation, at Chemical Station in North Charleston, WV.
Nourai, Ali (American Electric Power Company, Columbus, OH)
No benefit payable under the Plan can be assigned, transferred or subject to any lien, garnishment, pledge
Control and regulation of modern distribution system, ForskEL...
and regulation of modern distribution system, ForskEL (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name Control and regulation of modern distribution system, ForskEL...
Unbalanced Load Flow for Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
Distributed Generation (DG) can bring support to distribution system, meanwhile, it bring unbalancedness in power source, load and line. Traditional load flow algorithms are not applicable to the weakly meshed distribution system with DGs. First, this ... Keywords: weakly meshed distribution system, distributed generation, unbalanced load flow, sensitivity compensation
Shao-Qiang Hu; Sen-Mao Li
Analysis of potential benefits of integrated-gasifier combined cycles for a utility system
Potential benefits of integrated gasifier combined cycle (IGCC) units were evaluated for a reference utility system by comparing long range expansion plans using IGCC units and gas turbine peakers with a plan using only state of the art steam turbine units and gas turbine peakers. Also evaluated was the importance of the benefits of individual IGCC unit characteristics, particularly unit efficiency, unit equivalent forced outage rate, and unit size. A range of IGCC units was analyzed, including cases achievable with state of the art gas turbines and cases assuming advanced gas turbine technology. All utility system expansion plans that used IGCC units showed substantial savings compared with the base expansion plan using the steam turbine units.
Choo, Y.K.
Automated Fault Location In Smart Distribution Systems
Fault location in distribution systems is a critical component of outage management and service restoration, which directly impacts feeder reliability and quality of the electricity supply. Improving fault location methods supports the Department of Energy (DOE) �Grid 2030� initiatives for grid modernization by improving reliability indices of the network. Improving customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI) and system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) are direct advantages of utilizing a suitable fault location method. As distribution systems are gradually evolving into smart distribution systems, application of more accurate fault location methods based on gathered data from various Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) installed along the feeders is quite feasible. How this may be done and what is the needed methodology to come to such solution is raised and then systematically answered. To reach this goal, the following tasks are carried out: 1) Existing fault location methods in distribution systems are surveyed and their strength and caveats are studied. 2) Characteristics of IEDs in distribution systems are studied and their impacts on fault location method selection and implementation are detailed. 3) A systematic approach for selecting optimal fault location method is proposed and implemented to pinpoint the most promising algorithms for a given set of application requirements. 4) An enhanced fault location method based on voltage sag data gathered from IEDs along the feeder is developed. The method solves the problem of multiple fault location estimations and produces more robust results. 5) An optimal IED placement approach for the enhanced fault location method is developed and practical considerations for its implementation are detailed.
Lotfifard, Saeed
Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Power Systems M. Begovi, A. Pregelj, A. Rohatgi D. Novosel
, improve the voltage profile across the feeder, may reduce the loading level of branches and substation the effect of DG penetration on the actual load demand and voltage profile of the distribution feeder. However, DG systems inherently provide some benefits to the utility. They may level the load curve
Transmission and Distribution Benefits of Direct Load Control: Seattle City Light and Snohomish Public Utility District Pilot Project Evaluations
Two residential direct load control programs in the Puget Sound region have reduced peak loads at both the system as well as the local transmission and distribution levels. This report presents program load impact results estimated using metered and disaggregated end-use load data. Included is a detailed description of participants' attitudes toward the programs and their experiences with program implementation.
Cooperative Pipelined Regeneration in Distributed Storage Systems
The Apprentice Challenge J. STROTHER MOORE and GEORGE PORTER University of Texas at Austin We and distributed compu- tation, mutual exclusion, operational semantics, theorem proving 1. THE APPRENTICE SYSTEM in the Apprentice class builds an instance of a Container object and then begins creating and starting new threads
Li, Baochun
Harmonic analysis of electrical distribution systems
This report presents data pertaining to research on harmonics of electric power distribution systems. Harmonic data is presented on RMS and average measurements for determination of harmonics in buildings; fluorescent ballast; variable frequency drive; georator geosine harmonic data; uninterruptible power supply; delta-wye transformer; westinghouse suresine; liebert datawave; and active injection mode filter data.
DOE Action Plan Addressing the Electricity Distribution System
ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN ADDRESSING THE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ~DRAFT~ DOE Action Plan Addressing the Electricity Distribution System 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2 The Grid Tech Team ................................................................................................ 2 Focus on Distribution .............................................................................................. 3 Roadmap Goals ....................................................................................................... 3 PROCESS OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 4
A status report on the design and implementation of state renewable portfolio standards and system benefits charge policies
At last year's Windpower conference, we reported on state policies to foster renewable energy as part of efforts to restructure state electric power markets. The primary policies states are pursuing for renewables are system benefits charges (SBC) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS). Renewable portfolio standard policies began taking effect this year, while other states are continuing to work on the design of their RPS implementation strategies. In addition, states have begun distributing proceeds from their SBC funds. As a result, some renewable energy projects are beginning to materialize. This paper provides an update on state efforts with these two policies and examines some of the implementation issues and difficulties that states have faced thus far.
Porter, K.; Wiser, R.
Distributed parallel messaging for multiprocessor systems
A method and apparatus for distributed parallel messaging in a parallel computing system. The apparatus includes, at each node of a multiprocessor network, multiple injection messaging engine units and reception messaging engine units, each implementing a DMA engine and each supporting both multiple packet injection into and multiple reception from a network, in parallel. The reception side of the messaging unit (MU) includes a switch interface enabling writing of data of a packet received from the network to the memory system. The transmission side of the messaging unit, includes switch interface for reading from the memory system when injecting packets into the network.
Chen, Dong; Heidelberger, Philip; Salapura, Valentina; Senger, Robert M; Steinmacher-Burrow, Burhard; Sugawara, Yutaka
Energy storage for the electricity grid : benefits and market potential assessment guide : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program.
This guide describes a high-level, technology-neutral framework for assessing potential benefits from and economic market potential for energy storage used for electric-utility-related applications. The overarching theme addressed is the concept of combining applications/benefits into attractive value propositions that include use of energy storage, possibly including distributed and/or modular systems. Other topics addressed include: high-level estimates of application-specific lifecycle benefit (10 years) in $/kW and maximum market potential (10 years) in MW. Combined, these criteria indicate the economic potential (in $Millions) for a given energy storage application/benefit. The benefits and value propositions characterized provide an important indication of storage system cost targets for system and subsystem developers, vendors, and prospective users. Maximum market potential estimates provide developers, vendors, and energy policymakers with an indication of the upper bound of the potential demand for storage. The combination of the value of an individual benefit (in $/kW) and the corresponding maximum market potential estimate (in MW) indicates the possible impact that storage could have on the U.S. economy. The intended audience for this document includes persons or organizations needing a framework for making first-cut or high-level estimates of benefits for a specific storage project and/or those seeking a high-level estimate of viable price points and/or maximum market potential for their products. Thus, the intended audience includes: electric utility planners, electricity end users, non-utility electric energy and electric services providers, electric utility regulators and policymakers, intermittent renewables advocates and developers, Smart Grid advocates and developers, storage technology and project developers, and energy storage advocates.
Eyer, James M. (Distributed Utility Associates, Inc., Livermore, CA); Corey, Garth P. (KTech Corporation, Albuquerque, NM)
Investigating the electric power distribution system (EPDS) bus voltage in the presence of distributed generation (DG)
This paper investigates the Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) bus voltage in the presence of Distributed Generation (DG). Distribution Company's (Discos) planner endeavor to develop new planning strategies for their network in order to serve ... Keywords: PSCAD, distributed generation, electric power distribution system, islanding, power quality, voltage stability
Hasham Khan; Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry; Tahir Mahmood; Aamir Hanif
Sharing of Nuclear Safety Information through Distributed Database Systems
This presentation discusses the sharing of nuclear safety information through distributed database systems.
Ley, H.
A large distributed control system using Ada in fusion research
Keywords: CORBA, application frameworks, distributed control system, levels of abstraction, object-oriented development
John P. Woodruff; Paul J. Van Arsdall
Towards Designing Distributed Systems with ConDIL
Designing and maintaining a distributed system requires consideration of dependencies and invariants in the system's model. This paper suggests expressing distribution decisions in the system model based on the system's context. Hence, UML is enriched ... Keywords: design, designing distributed systems, rationale, resource management, system evolution
Felix B�bl
Understanding Energy Storage Solutions and Capabilities on Utility Distribution Systems
Widespread use of storage will require better grid integration tools to plan for the optimal size, use, and location of energy storage systems. Also important will be a coordinated effort between technology developers and utilities to ensure that storage systems are designed to adequately address utility needs. Utilities must understand the technical attributes and grid operational benefits of energy storage systems. Such operational benefits can also improve the definition of storage system functional r...
World Class Boilers and Steam Distribution System
�World class� is a term used to describe steam systems that rank in the top 20% of their industry based on quantitative system performance data and energy management for the facility. The rating is determined through a proceduralized assessment process that includes technical features such as boiler efficiency and the percentage of failed steam traps. Management features such as the internal metrices and adequate staffing and training area also included in the assessment. These results are compared with benchmarks for the subject industry. Chemical plants are compared with other chemical plants instead of aggregated data from refining, food processing, health care, etc. This approach provides relevant comparisons and realistic performance targets. The assessment process and industry benchmarks have been developed through sources that include those in the public domain and proprietary industry data. Periodic review and updates are used to ensure that the data accurately represents the relevant industrial profile. Some companies may question why they should upgrade their system. The most obvious answer will be found in the benefits that derive from more efficient operations. Costs are reduced, reliability is improved, and adverse environmental impacts are mitigated. Successful upgrading and maintenance of the energy system requires management support. This may necessitate changes in current practices, technical upgrades to equipment, additional personnel, or other resources. Managers must communicate the message that they want energy management at their plant to be world class.
Portell, V. P.
Distributed Energy Systems Corp | Open Energy Information
Systems Corp Systems Corp Jump to: navigation, search Name Distributed Energy Systems Corp Place Wallingford, Connecticut Zip CT 06492 Product The former holding company of Proton Energy Systems and Northern Power Systems that ceased to operate upon the sale of both subsidiaries. Coordinates 43.473755°, -72.976925° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.473755,"lon":-72.976925,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Enhancing reliability in passive anti-islanding protection schemes for distribution systems with distributed generation.
??This thesis introduces a new approach to enhance the reliability of conventional passive anti-islanding protection scheme in distribution systems embedding distributed generation. This approach uses� (more)
Sheikholeslamzadeh, Mohsen
Some Aspects of Distribution System Planning in the Context of Investment in Distributed Generation.
??A paradigm shift in distribution system design and planning is being led by the deregulation of the power industry and the increasing adoption of distributed� (more)
Wong, Steven M.
Distributed Control System Log-Keeping Specification
Information generated within the distributed control system (DCS) at most fossil generating stations could be more fully used by converting relevant information into searchable operator logs. This can be done through automated techniques combined with operator oversight and review. As a result, operator log-keeping effectiveness can be greatly improved while reducing the burden on the operator.ObjectivesThis project was undertaken to create specifications for ...
Proceedings: Distributed Digital Systems, Plant Process
A workshop on Distributed Digital Systems, Plant Process Computers, and Networks was held in Charlotte, North Carolina on August 16-18, 1994. The purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum for technology transfer, technical information exchange, and education. The workshop was attended by more than 100 representatives of electric utilities, equipment manufacturers, engineering service organizations, and government agencies. The workshop consisted of three days of presentations, exhibitions, a panel d...
The United States Department of Energy Office of Industrial Technology`s Technology Benefits Recording System
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technology`s (OIT`s) Technology Benefits Recording System (TBRS) was developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The TBRS is used to organize and maintain records of the benefits accrued from the use of technologies developed with the assistance of OIT. OIT has had a sustained emphasis on technology deployment. While individual program managers have specific technology deployment goals for each of their ongoing programs, the Office has also established a separate Technology Deployment Division whose mission is to assist program managers and research and development partners commercialize technologies. As part of this effort, the Technology Deployment Division developed an energy-tracking task which has been performed by PNL since 1977. The goal of the energy-tracking task is to accurately assess the energy savings impact of OIT-developed technologies. In previous years, information on OIT-sponsored technologies existed in a variety of forms--first as a hardcopy, then electronically in several spreadsheet formats that existed in multiple software programs. The TBRS was created in 1993 for OIT and was based on information collected in all previous years from numerous industrial contacts, vendors, and plants that have installed OIT-sponsored technologies. The TBRS contains information on technologies commercialized between 1977 and the present, as well as information on emerging technologies in the late development/early commercialization stage of the technology life cycle. For each technology, details on the number of units sold and the energy saved are available on a year-by-year basis. Information regarding environmental benefits, productivity and competitiveness benefits, or impact that the technology may have had on employment is also available.
Hughes, K.R.; Moore, N.L.
Evaluating the economic costs, benefits and tradeoffs of dedicated biomass energy systems: The importance of scale
The economic and environmental costs, benefits and tradeoffs of bioenergy from dedicated biomass energy systems must be addressed in the context of the scale of interest. At different scales there are different economic and environmental features and processes to consider. The depth of our understanding of the processes and features that influence the potential of energy crops also varies with scale as do the quality and kinds of data that are needed and available. Finally, the appropriate models to use for predicting economic and environmental impacts change with the scale of the questions. This paper explores these issues at three scales - the individual firm, the community, and the nation.
Graham, R.L.; Walsh, M.E.
Superconducting magnetic energy storage applications and benefits for electric utility power systems
Large SMES units are being studied for electric utility applications as diurnal, load-curve leveling and as transient stabilizer units. Such SMES units show promise of providing greater operating flexibility than pumped-hydro or other types of energy storage. This operating flexibility, together with its fast response capability to provide transient and dynamic stabilization benefits to a power system, are discussed. Small SMES units are being designed for dynamic stability applications on electric power systems for use when negatively damped system operating conditions are encountered. The 30-MJ, 10-MW SMES dynamic-stabilizer design is presented; and the status of the component development and fabrication contracts which have been placed with commercial manufacturers is discussed.
Turner, R.D.
Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation
Traditional distribution systems were designed to perform one function: distribute electrical energy to end-users. Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) is a concept for a fully controllable and flexible distribution system that will facilitate the exchange of both electrical energy and information between participants and system components. This report presents background information on distribution automation technologies and develops a roadmap to achieve the ADA systems required for future power deli...
2012 Grid Strategy: Distribution Management System (DMS) Advanced Applications for Distributed Energy Resources
This report provides an overview of the management systems and the advanced applications that utilities in the Electric Power Research Institute�s (EPRI�s) multi-year Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative are using or plan to use to manage the distribution system and to monitor and control distributed energy resources (DER). The management systems covered in this report are the distribution management system (DMS), the distributed energy resource management system (DERMS), and the demand ...
Potential Benefits of Using Probabilistic Forecasts for Waves and Marine Winds Based on the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System
The potential benefits of using the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) for waves and marine surface winds are demonstrated using buoy and platform data as well as altimeter data.
�yvind Saetra; Jean-Raymond Bidlot
Application of the NCEP Ensemble Prediction System to Medium-Range Forecasting in South Africa: New Products, Benefits, and Challenges
The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Ensemble Forecasting System (EFS) is used operationally in South Africa for medium-range forecasts up to 14 days ahead. The use of model-generated probability forecasts has a clear benefit ...
Warren J. Tennant; Zoltan Toth; Kevin J. Rae
Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Peer Review
4 4 Denver Marriott West Golden, Colorado AGENDA Tuesday, November 2, 2010 8:00 am Registration and Continental Breakfast 9:00 am-9:10 am Welcome Dr. Robert Hawsey, Associate Laboratory Director for Renewable Electricity and End Use Systems, US DOE-National Renewable Energy Laboratory 9:10 am-9:25 am Overview of Smart Grid Program Eric Lightner, U.S. Department of Energy 9:25 am-9:40 am Overview of Smart Grid Research and Development Activities Dan Ton, U.S. Department of Energy Moderator - Merrill Smith, U.S. Department of Energy 9:40 am-10:10 am University of Hawaii Renewable and Distributed Systems Jay Griffin, University of Hawaii 10:10 am-10:40 am Demonstration of a Coordinated and Integrated System Dennis Sumner, City of Fort Collins
Optimal selection and sizing of distributed energy resources for distributed power systems
Optimal selection and sizing of distributed energy resources is an important research problem in the development of distributed power systems. This paper presents a methodology for optimal selection and sizing of distributed energy resources in integrated microgrids using the evolutionary strategy. Integrated microgrid is an innovative architecture in distributed power systems
Thillainathan Logenthiran; Dipti Srinivasan
Graphic analysis and planning of electrical distribution systems
Techniques for computer modeling of electrical distribution systems have been available to utility engineers for years. The formation of a distribution data base can be a huge task because of the enormous number of components in a utility's distribution ...
Gwendolyn L. Fuehring
Performance benefits of telerobotics and teleoperation - enhancements for an arm-based tank waste retrieval system
This report evaluates telerobotic and teleoperational arm-based retrieval systems that require advanced robotic controls. These systems will be deployed in waste retrieval activities in Hanford`s Single Shell Tanks (SSTs). The report assumes that arm-based, retrieval systems will combine a teleoperational arm and control system enhanced by a number of advanced and telerobotic controls. The report describes many possible enhancements, spanning the full range of the control spectrum with the potential for technical maturation. The enhancements considered present a variety of choices and factors including: the enhancements to be included in the actual control system, safety, detailed task analyses, human factors, cost-benefit ratios, and availability and maturity of technology. Because the actual system will be designed by an offsite vendor, the procurement specifications must have the flexibility to allow bidders to propose a broad range of ideas, yet build in enough restrictions to filter out infeasible and undesirable approaches. At the same time they must allow selection of a technically promising proposal. Based on a preliminary analysis of the waste retrieval task, and considering factors such as operator limitations and the current state of robotics technology, the authors recommend a set of enhancements that will (1) allow the system to complete its waste retrieval mission, and (2) enable future upgrades in response to changing mission needs and technological advances.
Horschel, D.S. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Gibbons, P.W. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Draper, J.V. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)] [and others
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support Features Electric Energy System #12;#12;Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV project titled "Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support
Reliability of Electric Utility Distribution Systems: EPRI White Paper
This report discusses what is known about electric power distribution system reliability and investigates whether there are generally available methods for performing reliability analysis for distribution systems. The theory of the reliability of general systems is well understood. A fundamental issue is whether an appropriate implementation of the theory exists in a form readily usable by distribution system planners and designers.
Hot Water Distribution System Model Enhancements
This project involves enhancement of the HWSIM distribution system model to more accurately model pipe heat transfer. Recent laboratory testing efforts have indicated that the modeling of radiant heat transfer effects is needed to accurately characterize piping heat loss. An analytical methodology for integrating radiant heat transfer was implemented with HWSIM. Laboratory test data collected in another project was then used to validate the model for a variety of uninsulated and insulated pipe cases (copper, PEX, and CPVC). Results appear favorable, with typical deviations from lab results less than 8%.
Hoeschele, M.; Weitzel, E.
Analysis and control of distributed cooperative systems.
As part of DARPA Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO) Software for Distributed Robotics (SDR) Program, Sandia National Laboratories has developed analysis and control software for coordinating tens to thousands of autonomous cooperative robotic agents (primarily unmanned ground vehicles) performing military operations such as reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition; countermine and explosive ordnance disposal; force protection and physical security; and logistics support. Due to the nature of these applications, the control techniques must be distributed, and they must not rely on high bandwidth communication between agents. At the same time, a single soldier must easily direct these large-scale systems. Finally, the control techniques must be provably convergent so as not to cause undo harm to civilians. In this project, provably convergent, moderate communication bandwidth, distributed control algorithms have been developed that can be regulated by a single soldier. We have simulated in great detail the control of low numbers of vehicles (up to 20) navigating throughout a building, and we have simulated in lesser detail the control of larger numbers of vehicles (up to 1000) trying to locate several targets in a large outdoor facility. Finally, we have experimentally validated the resulting control algorithms on smaller numbers of autonomous vehicles.
Feddema, John Todd; Parker, Eric Paul; Wagner, John S.; Schoenwald, David Alan
Genetic algorithm for optimal capacitor allocation in radial distribution systems
Optimum location and size of capacitors for a radial distribution system is presented. In the present study capacitor sizes are assumed as discrete known variables, which are to be placed on the buses such that it reduces the losses of the distribution ... Keywords: capacitor placement, distribution automation (DA), genetic algorithm (GA), loss minimisation, optimisation, power distribution system
K. S. Swarup
Distributed Robust Power System State Estimation
Deregulation of energy markets, penetration of renewables, advanced metering capabilities, and the urge for situational awareness, all call for system-wide power system state estimation (PSSE). Implementing a centralized estimator though is practically infeasible due to the complexity scale of an interconnection, the communication bottleneck in real-time monitoring, regional disclosure policies, and reliability issues. In this context, distributed PSSE methods are treated here under a unified and systematic framework. A novel algorithm is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. It leverages existing PSSE solvers, respects privacy policies, exhibits low communication load, and its convergence to the centralized estimates is guaranteed even in the absence of local observability. Beyond the conventional least-squares based PSSE, the decentralized framework accommodates a robust state estimator. By exploiting interesting links to the compressive sampling advances, the latter jointly es...
Kekatos, Vassilis
Distributed fiber optic moisture intrusion sensing system
Method and system for monitoring and identifying moisture intrusion in soil such as is contained in landfills housing radioactive and/or hazardous waste. The invention utilizes the principle that moist or wet soil has a higher thermal conductance than dry soil. The invention employs optical time delay reflectometry in connection with a distributed temperature sensing system together with heating means in order to identify discrete areas within a volume of soil wherein temperature is lower. According to the invention an optical element and, optionally, a heating element may be included in a cable or other similar structure and arranged in a serpentine fashion within a volume of soil to achieve efficient temperature detection across a large area or three dimensional volume of soil. Remediation, moisture countermeasures, or other responsive action may then be coordinated based on the assumption that cooler regions within a soil volume may signal moisture intrusion where those regions are located.
Weiss, Jonathan D. (Albuquerque, NM)
Remote procedure execution software for distributed systems
Remote Procedure Execution facilitates the construction of distributed software systems, spanning computers of various types. Programmers who use the RPX package specify subroutine calls which are to be executed on a remote computer. RPX is used to generate code for dummy routines which transmit input parameters and receive output parameters, as well as a main program which receives procedure call requests, calls the requested procedure, and returns the result. The package automatically performs datatype conversions and uses an appropriate connection oriented protocol. Supported operating systems/processors are VMS(VAX), UNIX(MIPS R2000, R3000) and Software Components Group's pSOS (680x0). Connection oriented protocols are supported over Ethernet (TCP/IP) and RS232 (a package of our own design). 2 refs., 2 figs.
Petravick, D.L.; Berman, E.F.; Sergey, G.P.
Interconnecting PV on New York City's Secondary Network Distribution System
This study describes technical assistance provided by NREL to help New York City and Con Edison improve the interconnection of distributed PV systems on a secondary network distribution system.
Anderson, K.; Coddington, M.; Burman, K.; Hayter, S.; Kroposki, B.; Watson, A.
Evaluating the Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp-Metering Strategy in Portland, Soyoung Ahn
Evaluating the Benefits of a System-Wide Adaptive Ramp-Metering Strategy in Portland, Oregon-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) system is being implemented in the Portland metropolitan area, replacing the previous pre-timed ramp-metering system. SWARM has been deployed on six major corridors and operates during
SOFC combined cycle systems for distributed generation
The final phase of the tubular SOFC development program will focus on the development and demonstration of pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC)/gas turbine (GT) combined cycle power systems for distributed power applications. The commercial PSOFC/GT product line will cover the power range 200 kWe to 50 MWe, and the electrical efficiency for these systems will range from 60 to 75% (net AC/LHV CH4), the highest of any known fossil fueled power generation technology. The first demonstration of a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine combined cycle will be a proof-of-concept 250 kWe PSOFC/MTG power system consisting of a single 200 kWe PSOFC module and a 50 kWe microturbine generator (MTG). The second demonstration of this combined cycle will be 1.3 MWe fully packaged, commercial prototype PSOFC/GT power system consisting of two 500 kWe PSOFC modules and a 300 kWe gas turbine.
Brown, R.A.
Best Management Practice: Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection, and
Best Management Practice: Distribution System Audits, Leak Best Management Practice: Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection, and Repair Best Management Practice: Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection, and Repair October 7, 2013 - 3:06pm Addthis A distribution system audit, leak detection, and repair programs help Federal facilities reduce water losses and make better use of limited water resources. Overview Federal facilities with large campus settings and expansive distribution systems can lose a significant amount of total water production and purchases to system leaks. Leaks in distribution systems are caused by a number of factors, including pipe corrosion, high system pressure, construction disturbances, frost damage, damaged joints, and ground shifting and settling. Regular distribution system leak detection surveys
Efficiency of Steam and Hot Water Heat Distribution Systems
Efficiency of Steam and Hot Water Heat Distribution Systems Gary Phetteplace September 1995- tion medium (steam or hot water) and temperature for heat distribution systems. The report discusses the efficiency of both steam and hot water heat distribution systems in more detail. The results of several field
-vectoring mosquitoes) separate from the risks and benefits of other pesticides (such as those used on field crops. Similarly, analysis of other pesticides will focus on the impacts on other user groups and related effects to determine whether the pesticide will remain effective for at least five years. EPA also requires
Discussion for Metrics and Benefits Data Collection
Metrics and Benefits Analysis for Metrics and Benefits Analysis for the ARRA Smart Grid Programs Joe Paladino Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy OE Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting March 10, 2011 140 ARRA-Funded Smart Grid Projects 1 Customer Systems Customer Systems Customer Systems Customer Systems SGIG/SGDP/RDSI Areas of Smart Grid Technology Deployment Customer Systems Advance Metering Infrastructure Electric Distribution Systems Electric Transmission Systems * Displays * Portals * Energy management * Direct load controls * Smart meters * Data management * Back office integration * Switches * Feeder optimization * Equipment monitoring * Energy Storage * Wide area monitoring and visualization * Synchrophasor Technology * Energy Storage Customer Systems Equipment Manufacturing
Energy Efficiency of Distributed Environmental Control Systems
In this report, we present an analytical evaluation of the potential of occupant-regulated distributed environmental control systems (DECS) to enhance individual occupant thermal comfort in an office building with no increase, and possibly even a decrease in annual energy consumption. To this end we developed and applied several analytical models that allowed us to optimize comfort and energy consumption in partitioned office buildings equipped with either conventional central HVAC systems or occupant-regulated DECS. Our approach involved the following interrelated components: 1. Development of a simplified lumped-parameter thermal circuit model to compute the annual energy consumption. This was necessitated by the need to perform tens of thousands of optimization calculations involving different US climatic regions, and different occupant thermal preferences of a population of ~50 office occupants. Yearly transient simulations using TRNSYS, a time-dependent building energy modeling program, were run to determine the robustness of the simplified approach against time-dependent simulations. The simplified model predicts yearly energy consumption within approximately 0.6% of an equivalent transient simulation. Simulations of building energy usage were run for a wide variety of climatic regions and control scenarios, including traditional �one-size-fits-all� (OSFA) control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected �have-it-your-way� (HIYW) control with a thermostat at each workstation. The thermal model shows that, un-optimized, DECS would lead to an increase in building energy consumption between 3-16% compared to the conventional approach depending on the climate regional and personal preferences of building occupants. Variations in building shape had little impact in the relative energy usage. 2. Development of a gradient-based optimization method to minimize energy consumption of DECS while keeping each occupant�s thermal dissatisfaction below a given threshold. The DECS energy usage was calculated using the simplified thermal model. OSFA control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected HIYW control with a thermostat at each workstation were implemented for 3 cities representing 3 different climatic regions and control scenarios. It is shown that optimization allows DECS to deliver a higher level of individual and population thermal comfort while achieving annual energy savings between 14 and 26% compared to OSFA. The optimization model also allowed us to study the influence of the partitions� thermal resistance and the variability of internal loads at each office. These influences didn�t make significant changes in the optimized energy consumption relative to OSFA. The results show that it is possible to provide thermal comfort for each occupant while saving energy compared to OSFA Furthermore, to simplify the implementation of this approach, a fuzzy logic system has been developed to generalize the overall optimization strategy. Its performance was almost as good as the gradient system. The fuzzy system provided thermal comfort to each occupant and saved energy compared to OSFA. The energy savings of the fuzzy system were not as high as for the gradient-optimized system, but the fuzzy system avoided complete connectivity, and the optimization did not have to be repeated for each population. 3. We employed a detailed CFD model of adjacent occupied cubicles to extend the thermal-circuit model in three significant ways: (a) relax the �office wall� requirement by allowing energy to flow between zones via advection as well as conduction, (b) improve the comfort model to account both for radiation as well as convection heat transfer, and (c) support ventilation systems in which the temperature is stratified, such as in underfloor air distribution systems. Initially, three-dimensional CFD simulations of several cubicle configurations, with an adjoining corridor, were performed both to understand the advection between cubicles and the
Khalifa, H. Ezzat; Isik, Can; Dannenhoffer, John F. III
Clock distribution system for digital computers
Apparatus for eliminating, in each clock distribution amplifier of a clock distribution system, sequential pulse catch-up error due to one pulse "overtaking" a prior clock pulse. The apparatus includes timing means to produce a periodic electromagnetic signal with a fundamental frequency having a fundamental frequency component V'.sub.01 (t); an array of N signal characteristic detector means, with detector means No. 1 receiving the timing means signal and producing a change-of-state signal V.sub.1 (t) in response to receipt of a signal above a predetermined threshold; N substantially identical filter means, one filter means being operatively associated with each detector means, for receiving the change-of-state signal V.sub.n (t) and producing a modified change-of-state signal V'.sub.n (t) (n=1, . . . , N) having a fundamental frequency component that is substantially proportional to V'.sub.01 (t-.theta..sub.n (t) with a cumulative phase shift .theta..sub.n (t) having a time derivative that may be made uniformly and arbitrarily small; and with the detector means n+1 (1.ltoreq.n Wyman, Robert H. (Brentwood, CA); Loomis, Jr., Herschel H. (Davis, CA) 1981-01-01T23:59:59.000Z
Wyman, Robert H. (Brentwood, CA); Loomis, Jr., Herschel H. (Davis, CA)
Assessing the Benefits and Costs of Intelligent Transportation Systems: The Value of Advanced Traveler Information Systems
Navigation, Full Cost of Transportation, Social CostsThe Social Costs of Intercity Passenger Transportation: ATransportation, Advanced Traveler Information Systems Introduction Recent literature has extensively discussed the social costs
Levinson, David; Gillen, David; Chang, Elva
Projected Benefits of New Residential Evaporative Cooling Systems: Progress Report #2
The use of conventional evaporative cooling has rapidly declined in the United States despite the fact that it has high potential for energy savings in dry climates. Evaporative systems are very competitive in terms of first cost and provide significant reductions in operating energy use, as well as peak-load reduction benefits. Significant market barriers still remain and can be addressed through improved systems integration. This report investigates the first of these approaches, exploring innovative components. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building America research teams are investigating the use of two promising new pieces of residential cooling equipment that employ evaporative cooling as a part of their system design. The OASys unit, which is a combination of direct and indirect evaporative cooling stages developed by Davis Energy Group (DEG) and manufactured by Speakman CRS, is used to ultimately provide outside air to the living space. The outdoor air provided is indirectly and directly evaporatively cooled in two stages to a condition that can be below the wet-bulb (wb) temperature of the outside air, thus outperforming a conventional single-stage direct evaporative cooler.
Kutscher, C.; Eastment, M.; Hancock, E.; Reeves, P.
Approach for Calculating OE Benefits
Reliability Reliability U.S. Department of Energy - 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 2007 Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Joe Paladino October 29, 2007 Approach for Calculating OE Benefits Challenges * Established benefits methodologies (e.g., NEMS and MARKAL) do not address some of the major benefits that OE's program will provide (e.g. reliability). * Much of OE's program is about transforming the way the T&D infrastructure operates rather than replacing components: - Some technologies need a high penetration or must be deployed as an entire system to yield benefits (e.g. PMUs or Distribution Automation). - Some programs within OE are not developing "widgets" that can be easily counted. - OE is developing tools/methodologies or funding demonstrations that
Detection of contamination of municipal water distribution systems
A system for the detection of contaminates of a fluid in a conduit. The conduit is part of a fluid distribution system. A chemical or biological sensor array is connected to the conduit. The sensor array produces an acoustic signal burst in the fluid upon detection of contaminates in the fluid. A supervisory control system connected to the fluid and operatively connected to the fluid distribution system signals the fluid distribution system upon detection of contaminates in the fluid.
Cooper, John F. (Oakland, CA)
Performance and Economic Analysis of Distributed Power Electronics in Photovoltaic Systems
Distributed electronics like micro-inverters and DC-DC converters can help recover mismatch and shading losses in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Under partially shaded conditions, the use of distributed electronics can recover between 15-40% of annual performance loss or more, depending on the system configuration and type of device used. Additional value-added features may also increase the benefit of using per-panel distributed electronics, including increased safety, reduced system design constraints and added monitoring and diagnostics. The economics of these devices will also become more favorable as production volume increases, and integration within the solar panel?s junction box reduces part count and installation time. Some potential liabilities of per-panel devices include increased PV system cost, additional points of failure, and an insertion loss that may or may not offset performance gains under particular mismatch conditions.
Deline, C.; Marion, B.; Granata, J.; Gonzalez, S.
Property:Distributed Generation System Enclosure | Open Energy Information
System Enclosure System Enclosure Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. The allowed values for this property are: Indoor Outdoor Dedicated Shelter Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Enclosure" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Indoor + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Indoor + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Dedicated Shelter + Distributed Generation Study/Floyd Bennett + Outdoor +
IntelliGrid Architecture Development for Distribution Systems
Distribution systems will ultimately implement thousands of devices in support of a variety of applications to support distribution automation as well as customer operations. However, standards necessary to enable integration of distribution equipment are not complete. This project identifies key applications and develops initial understanding of the data and behaviors of advanced distribution automation to enable full development of necessary communications standards.
Engineering Guide for Integration of Distributed Generation and Storage into Power Distribution Systems
Distributed resources (DR) hold great promise for improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power systems. The work described in this report focuses on distributed generation and storage, a subset of the larger family of DR technologies.
Vehicle fuel economy benefit and aftertreatment requirement of an HCCI-SI engine system.
??This body of work dimensions the HCCI fuel economy benefits and required aftertreatment performance for compliance with emissions regulations in North America and Europe. The� (more)
Hardy, AliciA Jillian Jackson, 1978-
Optimal Maneuvers for Distributed Aperture Imaging Systems
Interest in space-borne, distributed multi-aperture interferometric systems is driven by a need for continuously sustained imaging with high resolution. Amplitude interferometry systems measure the Fourier components of the image corresponding to the wave vectors (locations in the so-called u-v plane) that are proportional to the relative positions of the apertures. Imaging to specified resolution demands measurement of the Fourier components with adequate signal-to-noise ratio over the interior of a disk in the u-v plane (the resolution disk). In this paper we concentrate on the case in which interferometric measurements are made while the apertures are changing their relative positions. This work discusses heuristic maneuvers and strategies for a system of two space-borne telescopes to cover the frequency plane while optimizing a cost function that includes both a measure of image quality and propulsive effort. The current study is motivated by previous research in which the optimization problem was formulated and the first-order necessary conditions (FONC) derived. The earlier work obtained short time horizon solutions to the FONC for various simple situations, but the complexity of the integro-differential equations for optimal maneuvering have heretofore prevented solution for an optimal maneuver for the entirety of the imaging process. In place of a direct attack on the FONC, the present work investigates various heuristic approaches to minimizing the cost function in the discretized state and discretized time domains in a hexagonal coordinate system. Using three classes of coverage rules, experimentation with a variety of maneuver strategies involving two apertures has led to a number of time-optimal or fuel-optimal solutions based on the initial conditions of the spacecraft. This thesis shows that an optimal maneuver can be determined from the starting positions of the spacecraft and that a self-spiral class of motion seems to be the most beneficial for long term strategies. Future work may focus on strategies for interferometric systems with more than two apertures and with a finer mesh of the hexagonal coordinate system.
Fitch, Danielle
Evolution and phyletic distribution of two-component signal transduction systems
733; 733; NO OF PAGES 7 Please cite this article in press as: Wuichet K, et al. Evolution and phyletic distribution of two-component signal transduction systems, Curr Opin Microbiol (2010), doi:10.1016/j.mib.2009.12.011 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Evolution and phyletic distribution of two-component signal transduction systems Kristin Wuichet 1 , Brian J Cantwell 1 and Igor B Zhulin 1,2 Two-component signal transduction systems are abundant in prokaryotes. They enable cells to adjust multiple cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. These systems are also found, although in much smaller numbers, in lower eukaryotes and plants, where they appear to control a few very specific functions. Two-component systems have evolved in Bacteria from much simpler one-component systems bringing about the benefit of extracellular versus
Benefit/cost framework for evaluating modular energy storage : a study for the DOE energy storage systems program.
The work documented in this report represents another step in the ongoing investigation of innovative and potentially attractive value propositions for electricity storage by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Energy Storage Systems (ESS) Program. This study uses updated cost and performance information for modular energy storage (MES) developed for this study to evaluate four prospective value propositions for MES. The four potentially attractive value propositions are defined by a combination of well-known benefits that are associated with electricity generation, delivery, and use. The value propositions evaluated are: (1) transportable MES for electric utility transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment upgrade deferral and for improving local power quality, each in alternating years, (2) improving local power quality only, in all years, (3) electric utility T&D deferral in year 1, followed by electricity price arbitrage in following years; plus a generation capacity credit in all years, and (4) electric utility end-user cost management during times when peak and critical peak pricing prevail.
Eyer, James M. (Distributed Utility Associates, Livermore, CA); Schoenung, Susan M. (Longitude 122 West, Inc., Menlo Park, CA)
AC versus DC distribution systems- Did we get it right?
We presently enjoy a predominantly ac electrical distribution system, the engineering basis for which was designed over 100 years ago. While ac distribution systems have served us well, we should periodically pause to assess what opportunities we have accepted or been denied by the overwhelming predominance of ac electrical power distribution systems. What opportunities could be obtained by engineering dc distribution into at least portions of our present system? What advantages of the present ac distribution system should be recognized and protected? This paper will focus on distribution within premise and low-voltage distribution systems. Specifically, we will address the conversion efficiency costs of adopting various premise ac and dc distribution system topologies. According to a simple predictive model formulated in this paper, premise residential dc distribution will incur unfavorable total conversion efficiency compared with existing ac premise distribution. However, if a residence is supplied by a fuel cell or another dc generator, the total conversion efficiency within a residential dc distribution system could be similar to, or even better than, that for ac distribution.
Hammerstrom, Donald J.
Property:Distributed Generation System Application | Open Energy
System Application System Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Application" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Combined Heat and Power +
GridLab Power Distribution System Simulation | Open Energy Information
GridLab Power Distribution System Simulation GridLab Power Distribution System Simulation Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: GridLab Power Distribution System Simulation Agency/Company /Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sector: Energy Focus Area: Grid Assessment and Integration Phase: Evaluate Options Topics: Pathways analysis User Interface: Desktop Application Website: www.gridlabd.org/ Cost: Free OpenEI Keyword(s): EERE tool Language: English References: GridLAB-D Simulation Software[1] Examine in detail the interplay of every part of a distribution system with every other part of the system. GridLAB-D(tm) is a new power distribution system simulation and analysis tool that provides valuable information to users who design and operate distribution systems, and to utilities that wish to take advantage of the
the Systems Integration Office California Energy Resources� Systems Integration Requi-rements for Decentralized Energy
Kahn, E.
Numerical Analysis of a Cold Air Distribution System
Cold air distribution systems may reduce the operating energy consumption of air-conditioned air supply system and improve the outside air volume percentages and indoor air quality. However, indoor temperature patterns and velocity field are easily non-uniform so that residents usually feel uncomfortable. The distribution of indoor airflow by cold air distribution is researched in this paper. We study indoor air distribution under different low temperature air supply conditions by numerical simulation. The simulated results agree well with the experiments.
Zhu, L.; Li, R.; Yuan, D.
and deal only with solar cogeneration units that are assumedand Distributed. cogeneration). These provide just underparameters. as conventional cogeneration units. technologies
Optimal Reactive Power Planning of Radial Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
The paper analyzes reactive power optimization problem in distribution system with wind power and PV generators. Reactive power optimization mathematical model including the active power loss, reactive power compensation capacity and static voltage margin ... Keywords: Distributed generation, Distributed Generation, Immune Algorithm, Cluster Evolutionary
Li Shengqi, Zeng Lilin, Li Yongan, He Zhengping
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technique in Distributed Generation System
This paper gives a brief description of current situation of distributed generation system, and points out that microgrid can run in two kinds of operation modes. The key problems which need to be cautiously considered exist in each operation mode are ... Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Artificial neural network, Distributed generation system, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithm, Multi-agent system
Guoqing Weng; Youbing Zhang; Yi Hu
Reliability-aware scheduling strategy for heterogeneous distributed computing systems
Heterogeneous computing systems are promising computing platforms, since single parallel architecture based systems may not be sufficient to exploit the available parallelism with the running applications. In some cases, heterogeneous distributed computing ... Keywords: Duplication, Heterogeneous distributed systems, Precedence constrained tasks, Reliability, Scheduling algorithm
Xiaoyong Tang; Kenli Li; Renfa Li; Bharadwaj Veeravalli
Virtual Data System on distributed virtual machines in computational grids
This paper presents the work of building a Grid workflow system on distributed virtual machines. A Grid Virtualisation Engine (GVE) is implemented to manage virtual machines as computing resources for Grid applications. The Virtual Data System ... Keywords: compact muon solenoid, distributed virtual machines, grid computing, grid workflow, high energy physics applications, virtual data systems
Lizhe Wang; Gregor Von Laszewski; Jie Tao; Marcel Kunze
Automatic generation of water distribution systems based on GIS data
In the field of water distribution system (WDS) analysis, case study research is needed for testing or benchmarking optimisation strategies and newly developed software. However, data availability for the investigation of real cases is limited due to ... Keywords: Algorithmic network generation, GIS-data, Hydraulic simulation, Modular design system, Water distribution system
Robert Sitzenfrei, Michael M�Derl, Wolfgang Rauch
Distributed Energy Storage Systems Testing and Evaluation 2010 Interim Results
Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS) are fully integrated AC storage devices which can be located within the distribution system, at substation locations, off distribution feeders, near end-of-line pad mounted transformers, or on customer side of the meter locations. Many new and emerging storage systems are being developed for grid support, outage mitigation, power quality and peak load energy management. However there is limited operational data on performance, grid comparability, durability, reli...
Assessment of National Benefits from Retrofitting Existing Single-Family Homes with Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
This report assesses the potential national benefits of retrofitting U.S. single-family homes with state-of-the-art GSHP systems at various penetration rates. The benefits considered include energy savings, reduced summer electrical peak demand, consumer utility bill savings, and reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The assessment relies heavily on energy consumption and other data obtained from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy s Energy Information Administration. It also considers relative differences in energy consumption between a state-of-the-art GSHP system and existing residential space-heating, space-cooling, and water-heating (SH SC WH) systems, which were determined with a well-established energy analysis program for residential SH SC WH systems. The impacts of various climate and geological conditions, as well as the efficiency and market share of existing residential SH SC WH systems, have been taken into account in the assessment.
Liu, Xiaobing [ORNL
Vehicle fuel economy benefit and aftertreatment requirement of an HCCI-SI engine system
This body of work dimensions the HCCI fuel economy benefits and required aftertreatment performance for compliance with emissions regulations in North America and Europe. The following parameters were identified as key ...
Distributed Generation Study/Patterson Farms CHP System Using...
Farms CHP System Using Renewable Biogas < Distributed Generation Study Jump to: navigation, search Study Location Auburn, New York Site Description Agricultural Study Type Field...
Statistical estimation of water distribution system pipe break risk.
??The deterioration of pipes in urban water distribution systems is of concern to water utilities throughout the world. This deterioration generally leads to pipe breaks� (more)
Yamijala, Shridhar
The Wind farm effect to the Distribution system.
??Main goal in this thesis that it gives view how wind production effect to distribution system. For this I have used material from Fortum and� (more)
Koistinen, Pasi
Buildings Energy Data Book: 5.5 Thermal Distribution Systems
Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems, Volume II: Thermal Distribution, Auxiliary Equipment, and Ventilation, Oct. 1999, Table A2-12, p. B2-1....
Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems, Volume II: Thermal Distribution, Auxiliary Equipment, and Ventilation, Oct. 1999, Table 4-1, p. 4-4; and...
Property:Distributed Generation System Power Application | Open Energy
Application Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Power Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Floyd Bennett + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Harbec Plastics + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Hudson Valley Community College + Based Load +
MetaVM: A transparent distributed object system supported by runtime compiler
Abstract MetaVM is a distributed object system for Java virtual machine. It allows programmers to deal with remote objects in the same way they do local objects. Therefore, it can provide a single machine image to programmers. We implemented a runtime compiler of Java bytecode to provide the facilities. The runtime compiler generates a native code which can handle remote objects beyond the network besides the local objects. The compiler uses semantic expansion, which is a technique that changes the original semantics of a Java bytecode. This paper presents the simple programming interface, the code generation method of MetaVM, and our experimental performance results. The results demonstrate efficiency of remote operations. Keywords: distributed object system, network transparency, Java Just-In-Time compiler 1 Introduction A distributed object system is an instrument to develop a network distributed system in object-oriented programming languages. One of important benefits of such systems is to release programmers from the burden of exchanging information via a network. Programmers can write a distributed system in an object-oriented manner without concern for communication protocols.
Kazuyuki Shudo; Yoichi Muraoka
A Smart Energy System: Distributed Resource Management, Control and Optimization
A Smart Energy System: Distributed Resource Management, Control and Optimization Yong Ding, Student of distributed energy resource and consumption management, which proposes to design a networked and embedded and energy data can be acquired and processed in a distributed manner in real time. In order to improve
Beigl, Michael
Using Active Customer Participation in Managing Distribution Systems
#12;Smart Grid Distribution Advancement Introduction 3 #12;Smart Grid What would be new in smart grid1 Data Request Consumer Privacy Regulatory Requirements 15 #12;Distribution Operation Examples 16 #12Using Active Customer Participation in Managing Distribution Systems Visvakumar Aravinthan
Van Veen, Barry D.
Potential benefits of thermal energy storage in the proposed Twin Cities district heating-cogeneration system. Final report
A new, large, cogeneration-district heating system has been proposed for the Twin Cities area, using hot water in a closed-loop system. The proposed system, as described by Studsvik Energiteknik AB of Sweden, does not employ thermal energy storage (TES). Four cases have been developed, describing system configurations which would employ TES, to evaluate the potential benefits of incorporating annual-cycle TES into the Twin Cities system. The potential benefits are found to be substantial, confirming results of earlier, generic studies of aquifer TES. The reference (Studsvik) system employs oil-fired boilers to supplement cogenerated heat, for handling peak loads and providing standby reserve. TES can serve the same function, with net energy savings in spite of heat losses during storage, by making it possible to operate the cogeneration equipment at higher capacity factors. Coal replaces oil as the fuel consumed. Energy savings of the reference system are impressive; energy savings with TES are 2 to 22% better. Capital cost requirements for boilers, cogeneration equipment, and pipelines are reduced by $66 to $258 million. The breakeven capital cost of TES is estimated to range from $43 to $76 per kilowatt peak thermal input to or withdrawal from aquifer TES. A factor in evaluating the breakeven operating cost of TES is the $14 to $31 million per year saving in cost of fuel. Abatement of air pollution and thermal pollution are concomitant benefits.
Meyer, C.F.
Guidelines for Planning Interoperable Distribution Automation Systems
Fully integrated distribution automation is a relatively new challenge for the utility industry, and the full range of new capabilities it enables are not well understood. In addition, developing an overall strategy to long-term automation integration and deployment through the use of open standards adds to the challenge. These guidelines were developed to describe the overall vision of distribution automation and to assist in application of emerging open standards to the procurement and integration of a...
A Distributed Information System Architecture for Collaborative Design
Improving and streamlining the communication and decision processes used in Collaborative Product Development (CPD) requires a robust Distributed Information System that can enable intelligent notification, coordination and negotiation processes. In ... Keywords: Agents, Collaboration, Information System, Product Development, Web Services
Andrew Feller; Teresa Wu; Dan Shunk
Fault tolerance mechanism of agent-based distributed event system
Event based system development is increasingly becoming popular for large-scale and heterogeneous distributed platforms because it helps diminishing software dependencies, and enhancing system integration and evolution. The architecture of an event based ...
Ozgur Koray Sahingoz; A. Coskun Sonmez
Distributed Forcing of Forecast and Assimilation Error Systems
Temporally distributed deterministic and stochastic excitation of the tangent linear forecast system governing forecast error growth and the tangent linear observer system governing assimilation error growth is examined. The method used is to ...
Brian F. Farrell; Petros J. Ioannou
Energy supply network design optimization for distributed energy systems
Based on the fluctuations in power and heat demand of the consumers in a region, this paper presents a bi-level programming model for the regional DES (distributed energy system) network planning. The model aims to minimize the total cost of the regional ... Keywords: Bi-level programming, Distributed energy system, Energy supply network, Hybrid algorithm
Ming Dong; Fenglan He; Hairui Wei
Quantum key distribution system clocked at 2 GHz
Quantum key distribution system clocked at 2 GHz Karen J. Gordon, Veronica Fernandez, Gerald S, Ireland http://www.phy.hw.ac.uk/resrev/photoncounting/index.html Abstract: An improved quantum key-based quantum key distribution test system performance in terms of transmission distance and quantum bit error
Buller, Gerald S.
System and software architectures of distributed smart cameras
In this article, we describe a distributed, peer-to-peer gesture recognition system along with a software architecture modeling technique and authority control protocol for ubiquitous cameras. This system performs gesture recognition in real time by ... Keywords: Distributed cameras, smart camera, software architecture
Chang Hong Lin; Marilyn Wolf; Xenefon Koutsoukos; Sandeep Neema; Janos Sztipanovits
Analysis Model for Domestic Hot Water Distribution Systems: Preprint
A thermal model was developed to estimate the energy losses from prototypical domestic hot water (DHW) distribution systems for homes. The developed model, using the TRNSYS simulation software, allows researchers and designers to better evaluate the performance of hot water distribution systems in homes. Modeling results were compared with past experimental study results and showed good agreement.
Maguire, J.; Krarti, M.; Fang, X.
Explicit control a batch-aware distributed file system
We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Batch-Aware Distributed File System (BAD-FS), a system designed to orchestrate large, I/O-intensive batch workloads on remote computing clusters distributed across the wide area. BAD-FS consists ...
John Bent; Douglas Thain; Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau; Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau; Miron Livny
Optimal Siting and Sizing of Solar Photovoltaic Distributed Generation to Minimize Loss, Present Value of Future Asset Upgrades and Peak Demand Costs on a Real Distribution Feeder.
??The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in power distribution systems presents technical and economic benefits as well as integration challenges to utility engineers. Governments� (more)
Mukerji, Meghana
Smart Distribution Applications for Distributed Energy Resources: Distribution Management System Use Cases
Technology advancements in solar photovoltaic and battery storage have driven sharp increases in their deployment by utilities, consumers, and third parties. Distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar photovoltaic and battery storage, are often connected to the grid with a smart inverter at the distribution level, and distribution operational require�ments are being greatly impacted by their presence. Smart inverters have advanced message processing and fast power control ...
Utility rate structures and distributed thermal energy storage: a cost/benefit analysis. Basic research report, October 1978-February 1979
This paper examines three alternative methods by which electric utilities might take advantage of distributed thermal energy storage to smooth out their load profiles. These three methods are: time-specific rates, time-invariant rates with subsidized storage, and direct load controls. The optimal form of each of these policies is determined, and formulas indicating the relative desirability of each policy are developed.
Koening, E.F.; Cambel, A.B.
Object Assignment Strategy for Distributed Multimedia Systems
As application of multimedia and network have become popular in recent years, many technique have been proposed to create fascinating works, but little of them has focused on assigning tasks effectively in a distributed manner. In this paper we propose ... Keywords: dynamic assignment strategy, Petri-net modeling, load measurement
Wen-Tsung Chang; Chien-Chiung Hsieh
Comparing state portfolio standards and system-benefits charges under restructuring
not enough renewable energy resources in the state; costs ofcosts; credit multipliers; utility distribution companies without a renewable energy
Wiser, Ryan; Porter, Kevin; Bolinger, Mark
Distribution System Protection with Communication Technologies
(Combined Heating and Power) and small scaled WTs (Wind Turbines), as a practical example to examine, and hydro power, etc. are rapidly evolved and involved in contemporary power systems. The power system
Chen, Zhe
An analysis of distributed solar fuel systems
While solar fuel systems offer tremendous potential to address global clean energy needs, most existing analyses have focused on the feasibility of large centralized systems and applications. Not much research exists on ...
Thomas, Alex, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Design of highly distributed biofuel production systems .
??This thesis develops quantitative methods for evaluation and design of large-scale biofuel production systems with a particular focus on bioreactor-based fuel systems. In Chapter 2,� (more)
Luo, Dexin
Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems (Maine) | Department of
Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems (Maine) Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems (Maine) Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems (Maine) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Installer/Contractor Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Municipal/Public Utility Nonprofit Residential Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Schools State/Provincial Govt Systems Integrator Transportation Tribal Government Utility Program Info State Maine Program Type Safety and Operational Guidelines Provider Public Utilities Commission These regulations describe requirements for the participation of natural gas utilities in the Underground Utility Damage Prevention Program,
DOCU[viENTS SECTION DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS STUDY GROUPIMPLICATIONS OF UTILIZING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES .the development of distributed energy systems. technologies.
Authors, Various
Quantified Differential Dynamic Logic for Distributed Hybrid Systems
We address a fundamental mismatch between the combinations of dynamics that occur in complex physical systems and the limited kinds of dynamics supported in analysis. Modern applications combine communication, computation, and control. They may even form dynamic networks, where neither structure nor dimension stay the same while the system follows mixed discrete and continuous dynamics. We provide the logical foundations for closing this analytic gap. We develop a system model for distributed hybrid systems that combines quantified differential equations with quantified assignments and dynamic dimensionality-changes. We introduce a dynamic logic for verifying distributed hybrid systems and present a proof calculus for it. We prove that this calculus is a sound and complete axiomatization of the behavior of distributed hybrid systems relative to quantified differential equations. In our calculus we have proven collision freedom in distributed car control even when new cars may appear dynamically on the road.
Andr� Platzer
A privilege management and enforcement system for distributed resource sharing
The Internet has been identified as one of the most dangerous aspects for an organization in today's information based world. Unauthorized access, misuse, and manipulation of data can create havoc. We have chosen a distributed environment with thousands ... Keywords: DCE based authentication, Distributed Informatics Computing and Collaborative Environments project, Internet, World Wide Web based interfaces, X Windows, access control, authorization, controlled access, data manipulation, delegated resource management, distributed environment, distributed resource sharing, end user access, enforcement system, information based world, operating system, privilege management, unauthorized access
K. J. Maly; A. Gupta; B. Kvande; I. B. Levinstein; R. Mukkamala; S. Nanjangud; M. Olson; R. Whitney; R. Chambers
Distributed Energy Storage Systems for Padmounted or Pole Mount Transformers
The goal of this project is to define the specifications for distributed energy storage systems in a neighborhood or a community setting also known as a distributed energy storage (DES) system, where they can be co-located with pad-mounted transformers. In 2009, the program collaborated with a utility stakeholder interest group to further enhance functional specifications developed by AEP for such energy storage systems. Initial technology mapping, screening and cost and value analysis have also been con...
2012 SG Peer Review - University of Hawaii Renewable and Distributed Systems - Jay Griffin, Univ. of Hawaii
DOE RDSI Maui Smart Grid Project DOE RDSI Maui Smart Grid Project James "Jay" Griffin, PhD Hawai'i Natural Energy Institute University of Hawai'i at Manoa June 7, 2012 December 2008 DOE RDSI Maui Smart Grid Project Managing Distribution Energy Resources (DER) for Transmission- and Distribution-Level Benefits Objectives Life-cycle Funding ($k) FY09 - FY13 Project Budget DOE: Cost Share: $ 6,995 $ 7,383 Total: $ 14,383 OBJECTIVES D, T Reduce distribution circuit loading and transmission congestion D Help consumers better manage energy use D Improve service quality D, T Use more as-available renewable energy resources (wind and solar PV) D Demonstrate flexible, expandable, architecture compatible with legacy systems TECHNICAL SCOPE Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) * load research * power quality monitoring
applied to the case of hydroelectric facilities with large3. For comparison, the hydroelectric system in California asas droughts which reduce hydroelectric energy availability,
Residential hot water distribution systems: Roundtable session
include: combustion and standby losses from water heaters,System Efficiency Losses Standby Loss Combustion LossBecause of their very low standby losses they can achieve
Lutz, James D.; Klein, Gary; Springer, David; Howard, Bion D.
Simple Newsvendor Bounds for Inventory Distribution Systems .
??To date, closed form optimal solutions for stocking levels in arborescent multiechelon inventory systems have not been obtained. These problems exhibit the joint difficulties of� (more)
Lystad, Erik D.
provide building space conditioning. In an all-air system,process that provides space conditioning to the buildingIt indicates building space conditioning requirements. In
A Two-Stage Distributed Architecture for Voltage Control in Power Distribution Systems
-positive power injections. With respect to this, the University of Illinois solar decathlon house--the Gable Home by the US DOE Smart Grid initiative, and its European counterpart Electricity Networks of the Future, power1 A Two-Stage Distributed Architecture for Voltage Control in Power Distribution Systems Brett A
Hadjicostis, Christoforos
Integrating Distributed Resources into Electric Utility Distribution Systems: EPRI White Paper
This EPRI white paper is about understanding electric power engineering issues related to integrating distributed resources (DR) into utility distribution systems. It is an overview designed for all stakeholders rather than a rigorous technical engineering guide. A major goal of the paper is to move discussion of integration issues toward solutions.
Function distribution in computer system architectures
The levelwise structuring and complexity of a computer system is presented informally and as a general model based upon the notion of abstract machines (processors), processes and interpreters. The important domains of the computer architect are considered ... Keywords: Computer architecture, Computer history, Computer system complexity
Harold W. Lawson, Jr.
Advanced Sensor Technology Applications for Smart Distribution Systems
The desire to operate distribution systems efficiently and reliably is causing utilities to consider methods for increasing the number of monitoring points on their distribution feeders. Traditionally, installing metering-class current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs) on the distribution lines to monitor selected points on feeders was standard practice. Vendors have now developed high-accuracy current and voltage sensorsand some sensors that combine both measurementswhich accurately mo...
Distribution system design optimization for cold load pickup
This paper presents a study on the optimal design of power distribution systems. Distribution substation transformer size and feeder sectionalizing switches are selected such that a cold load pickup situation can be handled while minimizing an annual cost function. The cases of a distribution substation with one or more transformer(s) are considered. In the latter case, the optimization problem is formulated based on the worst-case scenario of having one of the transformers out of service.
Wakileh, J.J.; Pahwa, A. [Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Property:Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application | Open
Heating-Cooling Application Heating-Cooling Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Domestic Hot Water +, Space Heat and/or Cooling + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Other + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Domestic Hot Water +, Process Heat and/or Cooling +
Modeling and Verification of Distributed Generation and Voltage Regulation Equipment for Unbalanced Distribution Power Systems; Annual Subcontract Report, June 2007
This report summarizes the development of models for distributed generation and distribution circuit voltage regulation equipment for unbalanced power systems and their verification through actual field measurements.
Davis, M. W.; Broadwater, R.; Hambrick, J.
Summary Results of Electricity Distribution System Challenges and Opportunities
6, 2012 6, 2012 Summary Results of Electricity Distribution System Challenges & Opportunities From Breakout Group Sessions Red Team Results Top Challenges * Communication * System Awareness & Modeling * Standards and Interoperability * Need a national scale Grid Operating System (Grid OS) including microgrids - a uniform framework towards operating all of the nation's distribution grids using a collaborative approach - DOE needs to develop an advanced SCADA system definition given to system operators * Bring information together from various sources - differing protocols, lack of a data service bus, automated processes * Lack of a standard communication protocols, data formats/interfaces
The ability to collect key system level information is critical to the safe, efficient and reli- able operation of advanced energy systems. With recent advances in sensor development, it is now possible to push some level of decision making directly to computationally sophisticated sensors, rather than wait for data to arrive to a massive centralized location before a decision is made. This type of approach relies on networked sensors (called �agents� from here on) to actively collect and process data, and provide key control deci- sions to significantly improve both the quality/relevance of the collected data and the as- sociating decision making. The technological bottlenecks for such sensor networks stem from a lack of mathematics and algorithms to manage the systems, rather than difficulties associated with building and deploying them. Indeed, traditional sensor coordination strategies do not provide adequate solutions for this problem. Passive data collection methods (e.g., large sensor webs) can scale to large systems, but are generally not suited to highly dynamic environments, such as ad- vanced energy systems, where crucial decisions may need to be reached quickly and lo- cally. Approaches based on local decisions on the other hand cannot guarantee that each agent performing its task (maximize an agent objective) will lead to good network wide solution (maximize a network objective) without invoking cumbersome coordination rou- tines. There is currently a lack of algorithms that will enable self-organization and blend the efficiency of local decision making with the system level guarantees of global decision making, particularly when the systems operate in dynamic and stochastic environments. In this work we addressed this critical gap and provided a comprehensive solution to the problem of sensor coordination to ensure the safe, reliable, and robust operation of advanced energy systems. The differentiating aspect of the proposed work is in shift- ing the focus towards �what to observe� rather than �how to observe� in large sensor networks, allowing the agents to actively determine both the structure of the network and the relevance of the information they are seeking to collect. In addition to providing an implicit coordination mechanism, this approach allows the system to be reconfigured in response to changing needs (e.g., sudden external events requiring new responses) or changing sensor network characteristics (e.g., sudden changes to plant condition). Outcome Summary: All milestones associated with this project have been completed. In particular, private sensor objective functions were developed which are aligned with the global objective function, sensor effectiveness has been improved by using �sensor teams,� system efficiency has been improved by 30% using difference evaluation func- tions, we have demonstrated system reconfigurability for 20% changes in system con- ditions, we have demonstrated extreme scalability of our proposed algorithm, we have demonstrated that sensor networks can overcome disruptions of up to 20% in network conditions, and have demonstrated system reconfigurability to 20% changes in system conditions in hardware-based simulations. This final report summarizes how each of these milestones was achieved, and gives insight into future research possibilities past the work which has been completed. The following publications support these milestones [6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19].
Tumer, Kagan
Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data
Bigtable is a distributed storage system for managing structured data that is designed to scale to a very large size: petabytes of data across thousands of commodity servers. Many projects at Google store data in Bigtable, including web indexing, Google ... Keywords: Large-Scale Distributed Storage
Fay Chang; Jeffrey Dean; Sanjay Ghemawat; Wilson C. Hsieh; Deborah A. Wallach; Mike Burrows; Tushar Chandra; Andrew Fikes; Robert E. Gruber
Identifying Transformer Incipient Events for Maintaining Distribution System Reliability
Identifying Transformer Incipient Events for Maintaining Distribution System Reliability Karen L events in single-phase distribution transformers. This analysis will aid in the development of an automatic detection method for internal incipient faults in the transformers. The detection method can
A survey of context data distribution for mobile ubiquitous systems
The capacity to gather and timely deliver to the service level any relevant information that can characterize the service-provisioning environment, such as computing resources/capabilities, physical device location, user preferences, and time constraints, ... Keywords: QoC, Ubiquitous system, context, context access, context data distribution, context data distribution infrastructure, context-aware, context-awareness, quality of context, research challenge, survey
Paolo Bellavista; Antonio Corradi; Mario Fanelli; Luca Foschini
Electric Grid State Estimators for Distribution Systems with Microgrids
Electric Grid State Estimators for Distribution Systems with Microgrids Jing Huang, Vijay Gupta to identify the correct topology. Simulation studies with microgrid induced changes are presented, forecasting- aided state estimation, unscented Kalman filter, recursive Bayesian estimation, microgrid 1
Gupta, Vijay
Power-Demand Routing in massive geo-distributed systems
There is an increasing trend toward massive, geographically distributed systems. The largest Internet companies operate hundreds of thousands of servers in multiple geographic locations, and are growing at a fast clip. A ...
Qureshi, Asfandyar
A self-healing distributed pervasive health system
In the context of pervasive healthcare systems there is a growing need of services that are constantly available to the patients accessing them. To address this issue, in this paper we present a distributed pervasive infrastructure that is capable of ...
Stefano Bromuri; Michael I. Schumacher; Kostas Stathis
Impact of SolarSmart Subdivisions on SMUD's Distribution System
This study analyzes the distribution impacts of high penetrations of grid-integrated renewable energy systems, specifically photovoltaic (PV) equipped SolarSmart Homes found in the Anatolia III Residential Community.
McNutt, P.; Hambrick, J.; Keesee, M.; Brown, D.
A Distributed Snow-Evolution Modeling System (SnowModel)
SnowModel is a spatially distributed snow-evolution modeling system designed for application in landscapes, climates, and conditions where snow occurs. It is an aggregation of four submodels: MicroMet defines meteorological forcing conditions, ...
Glen E. Liston; Kelly Elder
Longevity of Duct Tape in Residential Air Distribution Systems...
Longevity of Duct Tape in Residential Air Distribution Systems: 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D Joints Speaker(s): Bass Abushakra Date: July 30, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host...
Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems
Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems Speaker(s): Jason Stauth Date: July 29, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Steven Lanzisera In recent years, the balance of systems (BOS) side of photovoltaic (PV) energy has become a major focus in the effort to drive solar energy towards grid parity. The power management architecture has expanded to include a range of distributed solutions, including microinverters and 'micro' DC-DC converters to solve problems with mismatch (shading), expand networking and control, and solve critical BOS issues such as fire safety. This talk will introduce traditional and distributed approaches for PV systems, and will propose a next-generation architecture based on a new
Residential hot water distribution systems: Roundtablesession
Residential building practice currently ignores the lossesof energy and water caused by the poor design of hot water systems. Theselosses include: combustion and standby losses from water heaters, thewaste of water (and energy) while waiting for hot water to get to thepoint of use; the wasted heat as water cools down in the distributionsystem after a draw; heat losses from recirculation systems and thediscarded warmth of waste water as it runs down the drain. Severaltechnologies are available that save energy (and water) by reducing theselosses or by passively recovering heat from wastewater streams and othersources. Energy savings from some individual technologies are reported tobe as much as 30 percent. Savings calculations of prototype systemsincluding bundles of technologies have been reported above 50 percent.This roundtable session will describe the current practices, summarizethe results of past and ongoing studies, discuss ways to think about hotwater system efficiency, and point to areas of future study. We will alsorecommend further steps to reduce unnecessary losses from hot waterdistribution systems.
Distributed Timing and Triggering Control System
This document is a slide show type presentation regarding the need and realization of a new control system for work at the Nevada National Security Site. Commercial products that met the need are identified, both hardware and software. Particular emphasis is on the Integrated Signal Programmer.
Bowen, T., Huerta, J. A.
NREL: Benefits
rooms Credit union and banking benefits Flexible schedules Business casual dress Free RTD Eco Pass A Great Location Our main campus in Golden, Colorado, located in the foothills...
green power market; distribution for 10 year extension not yet determined Grants, direct or equity investments,investment of $500,000 in March 2000 to the Connecticut Energy Co-op, a green
This project is to evaluate the benefits of the System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) system implemented in the Portland Metropolitan area as
Abstract This project is to evaluate the benefits of the System-Wide Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM-timed ramp metering to manage traffic congestion during the morning and afternoon peak periods. The SWARM implemented in stages since May 2005 and is operating on six of the seven metered freeway corridors. Results
Water Distribution and Wastewater Systems Operators (North Dakota) |
Water Distribution and Wastewater Systems Operators (North Dakota) Water Distribution and Wastewater Systems Operators (North Dakota) Water Distribution and Wastewater Systems Operators (North Dakota) < Back Eligibility Utility Fed. Government Commercial Agricultural Investor-Owned Utility State/Provincial Govt Industrial Construction Municipal/Public Utility Local Government Residential Installer/Contractor Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Low-Income Residential Schools Retail Supplier Institutional Multi-Family Residential Systems Integrator Fuel Distributor Nonprofit General Public/Consumer Transportation Program Info State North Dakota Program Type Siting and Permitting All public water supply and wastewater disposal systems are subject to classification and regulation by the State of North Dakota, and must obtain certification from the State Department of Health
5 5 Typical Commercial Building Thermal Energy Distribution Design Load Intensities (Watts per SF) Distribution System Fans Other Central System Supply Fans Cooling Tower Fan Central System Return Fans Air-Cooled Chiller Condenser Fan 0.6 Terminal Box Fans 0.5 Exhaust Fans (2) Fan-Coil Unit Fans (1) Condenser Fans 0.6 Packaged or Split System Indoor Blower 0.6 Pumps Chilled Water Pump Condenser Water Pump Heating Water Pump Note(s): Source(s): 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 1) Unducted units are lower than those with some ductwork. 2) Strong dependence on building type. BTS/A.D. Little, Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems, Volume II:Thermal Distribution, Auxiliary Equipment, and Ventilation, Oct. 1999, Table 3-1, p. 3-6. 0.3 - 1.0 0.1 - 0.3 0.1 - 0.4
Photovoltaic Systems Interconnected onto Network Distribution Systems--Success Stories
This report examines six case studies of photovoltaic systems integrated into secondary network systems in four major U.S. Solar America cities.
Coddington, M.; Kroposki, B.; Basso, T.; Lynn, K.; Sammon, D.; Vaziri, M.; Yohn, T.
Data transmission system with distributed microprocessors
A data transmission system having a common request line and a special request line in addition to a transmission line. The special request line has priority over the common request line. A plurality of node stations are multi-drop connected to the transmission line. Among the node stations, a supervising station is connected to the special request line and takes precedence over other slave stations to become a master station. The master station collects data from the slave stations. The station connected to the common request line can assign a master control function to any station requesting to be assigned the master control function within a short period of time. Each station has an auto response control circuit. The master station automatically collects data by the auto response controlling circuit independently of the microprocessors of the slave stations.
Nambu, Shigeo (Fuchu, JP)
Agent-Based Control Framework for Distributed Energy Resources Microgrids
Distributed energy resources (DERs) provide many benefits for the electricity users and utilities. However, the electricity distribution system traditionally was not designed to accommodate active power generation and storage at the distribution level. ...
Zhenhua Jiang
Optimum model-E-GAMS for Distributed Energy System by Using GAMS Method
Marnay?LBNL ?????? ? ? Distributed Energy Resources Customermodel-E-GAMS for distributed energy system by using GAMS
Yang, Yongwen; Gao, Weijun; Ruan, Yingjun; Zhou, Nan; Xuan, Ji; Marnay, Chris
Quality of Availability: Replica Placement for Widely Distributed Systems
In this paper, we take an availability-centric view on Quality of Service (QoS) and focus on the issues of providing availability guarantees for widely distributed systems such as web servers and peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems.
Giwon On; Jens Schmitt; Ralf Steinmetz
An improved quantum key distribution test system operating at clock rates of up to 2GHz using a specially adapted commercially available silicon single photon avalanche diode is presented. The use of improved detectors has improved the fibre-based test system performance in terms of transmission distance and quantum bit error rate.
K. J. Gordon; V. Fernandez; G. S. Buller; I. Rech; S. D. Cova; P. D. Townsend
Overhead reduction in a distributed path management system
CEAS (cross entropy ant system) is a distributed, robust and adaptive swarm intelligence system for path management in communication networks. This paper focuses on strategies for handling the overhead in terms of processing cycles, memory storage, and ... Keywords: Cross entropy, Path management, Swarm intelligence
Poul E. Heegaard; Otto J. Wittner
Using Distributed Tri-generation Systems for Neighborhood Hydrogen Refueling
Using Distributed Tri-generation Systems for Neighborhood Hydrogen Refueling Xuping Li and Joan: Xuping Li (email@example.com), Joan Ogden (email@example.com) INTRODUCTION TRI-GENERATION SYSTEM AND NEIGHBORHOOD REFUELING DESCRIPTION METHODS AND DATA CONCLUSIONS An engineering/economic model for H2 tri-generation
California at Davis, University of
Risk analysis of highly combustible gas storage, supply, and distribution systems in PWR plants
This report presents the evaluation of the potential safety concerns for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) identified in Generic Safety Issue 106, Piping and the Use of Highly Combustible Gases in Vital Areas. A Westinghouse four-loop PWR plant was analyzed for the risk due to the use of combustible gases (predominantly hydrogen) within the plant. The analysis evaluated an actual hydrogen distribution configuration and conducted several sensitivity studies to determine the potential variability among PWRs. The sensitivity studies were based on hydrogen and safety-related equipment configurations observed at other PWRs within the United States. Several options for improving the hydrogen distribution system design were identified and evaluated for their effect on risk and core damage frequency. A cost/benefit analysis was performed to determine whether alternatives considered were justifiable based on the safety improvement and economics of each possible improvement.
Simion, G.P. [Science Applications International Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States); VanHorn, R.L.; Smith, C.L.; Bickel, J.H.; Sattison, M.B. [EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Bulmahn, K.D. [SCIENTECH, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: Distributed Hydrogen Fueling Systems
Distributed Hydrogen Fueling Systems Analysis Distributed Hydrogen Fueling Systems Analysis Project Summary Full Title: H2 Production Infrastructure Analysis - Task 1: Distributed Hydrogen Fueling Systems Analysis Project ID: 78 Principal Investigator: Brian James Keywords: Hydrogen infrastructure; costs; methanol; hydrogen fueling Purpose As the DOE considers both direct hydrogen and reformer-based fuel cell vehicles, it is vital to have a clear perspective of the relative infrastructure costs to supply each prospective fuel (gasoline, methanol, or hydrogen). Consequently, this analysis compares these infrastructure costs as well as the cost to remove sulfur from gasoline (as will most likely be required for use in fuel cell systems) and the cost implications for several hydrogen tank filling options. This analysis supports Analysis
Optimization of distributed generation penetration based on particle filtering
Distributed generation is small scale power cogeneration within an integrated energy network, that provides system wide and environmental benefits. Network benefits include enhancements to reliability, reduction of peak power requirements, improved power ...
Nurcin Celik; Juan Pablo S�enz; Xiaoran Shi
Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
1.6 mb) 1.6 mb) Appendix A - Photovoltaic (PV) Cost and Performance Characteristics for Residential and Commercial Applications (1.0 mb) Appendix B - The Cost and Performance of Distributed Wind Turbines, 2010-35 (0.5 mb) Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector Release date: August 7, 2013 Distributed generation in the residential and commercial buildings sectors refers to the on-site generation of energy, often electricity from renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and small wind turbines. Many factors influence the market for distributed generation, including government policies at the local, state, and federal level, and project costs, which vary significantly depending on time, location, size, and application.
Parallel Computing Environments and Methods for Power Distribution System Simulation
The development of cost-effective high-performance parallel computing on multi-processor super computers makes it attractive to port excessively time consuming simulation software from personal computers (PC) to super computes. The power distribution system simulator (PDSS) takes a bottom-up approach and simulates load at appliance level, where detailed thermal models for appliances are used. This approach works well for a small power distribution system consisting of a few thousand appliances. When the number of appliances increases, the simulation uses up the PC memory and its run time increases to a point where the approach is no longer feasible to model a practical large power distribution system. This paper presents an effort made to port a PC-based power distribution system simulator (PDSS) to a 128-processor shared-memory super computer. The paper offers an overview of the parallel computing environment and a description of the modification made to the PDSS model. The performances of the PDSS running on a standalone PC and on the super computer are compared. Future research direction of utilizing parallel computing in the power distribution system simulation is also addressed.
Lu, Ning; Taylor, Zachary T.; Chassin, David P.; Guttromson, Ross T.; Studham, Scott S.
Evaluation of Potential Bulk System Reliability Impacts of Distributed Resources
In recent years, distributed energy resources (DER) penetration has increased, but projections for penetration over the next 10 years show dramatic increases. Much of this is made up of distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) power, which is estimated to expand significantly in the United States in coming years. This project describes how methods to assess bulk system reliability might need to be altered to account for increasing levels of DER, particularly PV. It also aims to produce mitigating strategies t...
Performance of thermal distribution systems in large commercial buildings
Performance of thermal distribution systems in large commercial buildings Performance of thermal distribution systems in large commercial buildings Title Performance of thermal distribution systems in large commercial buildings Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-44331 Year of Publication 2002 Authors Xu, Tengfang T., François Rémi Carrié, Darryl J. Dickerhoff, William J. Fisk, Jennifer A. McWilliams, Duo Wang, and Mark P. Modera Journal Energy and Buildings Volume 34 Start Page Chapter Pagination 215-226 Abstract This paper presents major findings of a field study on the performance of five thermal distribution systems in four large commercial buildings. The five systems studied are typical single-duct or dual-duct constant air volume (CAV) systems and variable air volume (VAV) systems, each of which serves an office building or a retail building with floor area over 2,000 m2. The air leakage from ducts are reported in terms of effective leakage area (ELA) at 25 Pa reference pressure, the ASHRAE-defined duct leakage class, and air leakage ratios. The specific ELAs ranged from 0.7 to 12.9 cm2 per m2 of duct surface area, and from 0.1 to 7.7 cm2 per square meter of floor area served. The leakage classes ranged from 34 to 757 for the five systems and systems sections tested. The air leakage ratios are estimated to be up to one-third of the fan- supplied airflow in the constant-air-volume systems. The specific ELAs and leakage classes indicate that air leakage in large commercial duct systems varies significantly from system to system, and from system section to system section even within the same thermal distribution system. The duct systems measured are much leakier than the ductwork specified as "unsealed ducts" by ASHRAE. Energy losses from supply ducts by conduction (including convection and radiation) are found to be significant, on the scale similar to the losses induced by air leakage in the duct systems. The energy losses induced by leakage and conduction suggest that there are significant energy-savings potentials from duct-sealing and insulation practice in large commercial buildings
Data Collection and Reporting for Metrics and Benefits
Collection and Reporting for Collection and Reporting for Metrics and Benefits Smart Grid Investment Grant Program Joe Paladino November 19, 2009 Investments Transformation Results * Equipment Manufacturing * Customer Systems * Advanced Metering Infrastructure * Electric Distribution Systems * Electric Transmission Systems * Integrated and/or Crosscutting Systems Customer Empowerment * Job Creation and Marketplace Innovation * Reduced Peak Load and Consumption * Operational Efficiency * Grid Reliability and Resilience * More Distributed and Renewable Energy * Lower Carbon Dioxide Emissions Advanced Grid Functionality An Opportunity for Transformation Primary Intent Is to Determine SGIG Program Impact Secondary Intent Is to Learn (to Address Uncertainty) Project-Based Cost/Benefit Analysis SGIG Program - Building the
Single-Point Vulnerabilities in a Transmission and Distribution System
Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) tools and modeling techniques can be used to evaluate a variety of complex systems and facilities. This report presents an application of PRA techniques to an electric transmission and distribution (TD) system. The work focuses on the reliability of a small utility system providing electric power to approximately 100,000 customers. It examines the probability of loss of systemwide service as well as loss of power to critical facilities (for example, hospitals). The eva...
NAS Battery Distributed Energy Storage System Best Practices
Utility transmission and distribution (T&D) systems require extensive investment for upkeep. In addition, load growth over time increases the possibility of overload conditions, or loss of load, which may require upgrades to guard against these contingency events. In some situations, installation of sodium-sulfur (NAS) energy storage systems may solve a capacity shortfall and defer the need for an upgrade. Such installations can improve system reliability and customer service, while reducing the economic...
Distribution System Equipment Survey: Hydro-Quebec Smart Grid Demonstration
Hydro-Quebec, as part of its Smart Grid Demonstration, surveyed manufacturers of distribution system equipment and documented the products in the market place in 2012. The equipment covered includes recloser controls, voltage regulation controls, capacitor protection and control systems, and advanced metering systems. Noteworthy control features in relation to various utility applications of these intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are covered in this report and pertain ...
is economical when electricity price increases or gas pricea system on the different electricity price, gas price andgas price and electricity price, etc) and 1) The benefit of
Biomass pyrolysis processes: performance parameters and their influence on biochar system benefits.
??This study focuses on performance of biomass pyrolysis processes for use in biochar systems. Objectives are to understand the range of control of such processes� (more)
Brownsort, Peter A
Risk-based proactive availability management - attaining high performance and resilience with dynamic self-management in Enterprise Distributed Systems .
??Complex distributed systems such as distributed information flows systems which continuously acquire manipulate and disseminate information across an enterprise's distributed sites and machines, and distributed� (more)
Cai, Zhongtang
Pressure Regain Strategies for Existing Air Distribution Systems
Pressure Regain Strategies for Pressure Regain Strategies for Existing Air Distribution Systems Arlan Burdick IBACOS, Inc. Pressure Regain Strategies for Existing Air Distribution Systems Problem Statement Thermal enclosure upgrades can reduce peak loads by 50%. If the furnace is right-sized for this new peak load and the ducts are not modified or replaced, the resulting airflows at the supply registers will be significantly reduced. -Will the outlets meet industry standards for performance? - Should they be replaced to achieve good room air mixing? - Should the end of the duct be modified to improve airflow characteristics? Pressure Regain Strategies for Existing Air Distribution Systems Expected Results We expect to find a cost-effective solution to gaining proper airflow to a room without completely replacing
Category:Smart Grid Projects - Electric Distributions Systems | Open Energy
Distributions Systems category. Distributions Systems category. Pages in category "Smart Grid Projects - Electric Distributions Systems" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. A Atlantic City Electric Company Smart Grid Project Avista Utilities Smart Grid Project C Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. Smart Grid Project E El Paso Electric Smart Grid Project H Hawaii Electric Co. Inc. Smart Grid Project M Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division Smart Grid Project Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia Smart Grid Project N Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative Smart Grid Project NSTAR Electric Company Smart Grid Project P Powder River Energy Corporation Smart Grid Project P cont. PPL Electric Utilities Corp. Smart Grid Project S Snohomish County Public Utilities District Smart Grid Project
Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector
Distributed Generation System Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector August 2013 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector i This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the U.S. Department of Energy or other Federal agencies.
Thermal decay in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems: Fundamentals and influence on system performance
Inc. , 2004. ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Chapter 14,distribution (UFAD) systems: Fundamentals and influence onwas used to explain the fundamentals of thermal decay, to
Lee, Kwang Ho; Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred; Webster, Tom
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems: Cost/Benefit Analysis and Opportunities for Improvement
To determine potential for reduction in the cost of saved energy (COSE) for cold-climate solar domestic hot water (SDHW) systems, COSE was computed for three types of cold climate water heating systems. For each system, a series of cost-saving measures was considered: (1) balance of systems (BOS): tank, heat exchanger, and piping-valving measures; and (2) four alternative lower-cost collectors. Given all beneficial BOS measures in place, >50% reduction of COSE was achievable only with selective polymer collectors at half today's selective collector cost. In all three system types, today's metal-glass selective collector achieved the same COSE as the hypothesized non-selective polymer collector.
Burch, J.; Hillman, T.; Salasovich, J.
Analysis of the Performance Benefits of Short-Term Energy Storage in Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems
A variety of prototype high penetration wind-diesel hybrid power systems have been implemented with different amounts of energy storage. They range from systems with no energy storage to those with many hours worth of energy storage. There has been little consensus among wind-diesel system developers as to the appropriate role and amount of energy storage in such systems. Some researchers advocate providing only enough storage capacity to supply power during the time it takes the diesel genset to start. Others install large battery banks to allow the diesel(s) to operate at full load and/or to time-shift the availability of wind-generated electricity to match the demand. Prior studies indicate that for high penetration wind-diesel systems, short-term energy storage provides the largest operational and economic benefit. This study uses data collected in Deering, Alaska, a small diesel-powered village, and the hybrid systems modeling software Hybrid2 to determine the optimum amount of short-term storage for a particular high penetration wind-diesel system. These findings were then generalized by determining how wind penetration, turbulence intensity, and load variability affect the value of short term energy storage as measured in terms of fuel savings, total diesel run time, and the number of diesel starts.
Shirazi, M.; Drouilhet, S.
Network of Excellence in Distributed and Dependable Computing Systems
This document presents a CaberNet vision of Research and Technology Development (RTD) in Distributed and Dependable systems. It takes as a basis the state-of-the-art (SOTA) Report prepared by John Bates in 1998: this document was commissioned by CaberNet as a first step towards the definition of a roadmap for European research in distributed and dependable systems. This report overviewed the developments in the main areas to which the CaberNet members made outstanding contributions, which were the most important at the time of its preparation, and analysed the most important trends in R&D in those areas
Alexander Romanovsky (ed); Edited Alexander Romanovsky
US Recovery Act Smart Grid Projects - Electric Distributions Systems | Open
Distributions Systems Distributions Systems Jump to: navigation, search CSV Loading map... {"format":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"limit":500,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"\u2026 further results","default":"","geoservice":"google","zoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","forceshow":true,"showtitle":true,"hidenamespace":false,"template":false,"title":"","label":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"locations":[{"text":"
A systems approach to identifying aircraft equipage requirements, benefits, and risks of ADS-B applications
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is considered to be a crucial part of the next generation of air transportation systems worldwide. Developing mature ADS-B applications which provide stakeholders with ...
Jenkins, Marisa Rachael
EPRI Pre-Conference Workshop: Active Distribution System Management for Integration of Distributed Resources Research, Development a nd Demonstration Needs
This report documents the proceedings of the EPRI Pre-Conference Workshop: Active Distribution System Management for Integration of Distributed ResourcesResearch, Development and Demonstration Needs, held December 9, 2008. This workshop presented over 20 projects related to active distribution management for distributed energy resource (DER) integration.
Onsite Distributed Generation Systems For Laboratories, Laboratories for the 21st Century: Best Practices (Brochure)
This guide provides general information on implementing onsite distributed generation systems in laboratory environments. Specific technology applications, general performance information, and cost data are provided to educate and encourage laboratory energy managers to consider onsite power generation or combined heat and power (CHP) systems for their facilities. After conducting an initial screening, energy managers are encouraged to conduct a detailed feasibility study with actual cost and performance data for technologies that look promising. Onsite distributed generation systems are small, modular, decentralized, grid-connected, or off-grid energy systems. These systems are located at or near the place where the energy is used. These systems are also known as distributed energy or distributed power systems. DG technologies are generally considered those that produce less than 20 megawatts (MW) of power. A number of technologies can be applied as effective onsite DG systems, including: (1) Diesel, natural gas, and dual-fuel reciprocating engines; (2) Combustion turbines and steam turbines; (3) Fuel cells; (4) Biomass heating; (5) Biomass combined heat and power; (6) Photovoltaics; and (7) Wind turbines. These systems can provide a number of potential benefits to an individual laboratory facility or campus, including: (1) High-quality, reliable, and potentially dispatchable power; (2) Low-cost energy and long-term utility cost assurance, especially where electricity and/or fuel costs are high; (3) Significantly reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Typical CHP plants reduce onsite GHG by 40 to 60 percent; (4) Peak demand shaving where demand costs are high; (5) CHP where thermal energy can be used in addition to electricity; (6) The ability to meet standby power needs, especially where utility-supplied power is interrupted frequently or for long periods and where standby power is required for safety or emergencies; and (7) Use for standalone or off-grid systems where extending the grid is too expensive or impractical. Because they are installed close to the load, DG systems avoid some of the disadvantages of large, central power plants, such as transmission and distribution losses over long electric lines.
Solar window collection and distribution module system. Final performance report
The construction and monitoring of a solar window collection and distribution system are presented. One complete window module was purchased and assembled, including: the glass, the window frames, sealants, grills, vents and a mechanical damper device. Monitoring of the system operation was limited to measuring inside air temperature, outside air temperature, and circulation temperatures through the window module systems, as well as the actual tinted glass surface temperature. The system has produced a reduction in glare, fading of furniture, and control of solar gains to a building structure.
Computer-aided coordination and overcurrent protection for distribution systems
Overcurrent protection and coordination studies for electrical distribution systems have become much easier to perform with the emergence of several commercially available software programs that run on a personal computer. These programs have built-in libraries of protective device time-current curves, damage curves for cable and transformers, and motor starting curves, thereby facilitating the design of a selectively coordinated protection system which is also well-protected. Additionally, design time when utilizing computers is far less than the previous method of tracing manufacturers` curves on transparent paper. Basic protection and coordination principles are presented in this paper along with several helpful suggestions for designing electrical protection systems. A step-by-step methodology is presented to illustrate the design concepts when using software for selecting and coordinating the protective devices in distribution systems.
Tolbert, L.M.
The purpose of this analysis is to document the Quality Assurance (QA) classification of the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) subsurface electrical distribution system structures, systems and components (SSCs) performed by the MGR Safety Assurance Department. This analysis also provides the basis for revision of YMP/90-55Q, Q-List (YMP 1998). The Q-List identifies those MGR SSCs subject to the requirements of DOE/RW-0333PY ''Quality Assurance Requirements and Description'' (QARD) (DOE 1998).
R.J. Garrett
Electricity, Resources, & Building Systems Integration Distributed Energy Publications
Consulting Services, LLC; Brett Oakleaf, Xcel Energy; Kenneth Wolf, Minnesota Public Utilities CommissionElectricity, Resources, & Building Systems Integration Center Distributed Energy Publications 2005 for a single phase high frequency AC microgrid, S. Chakraborty, M.D. Weiss and M.G. Simoes, IEEE Transaction
Optimal Dispatch of Photovoltaic Inverters in Residential Distribution Systems
- fined limit. The premise for these active power curtailment (APC) strategies is that the resistance method for determining the active- and reactive-power set points for PV inverters in resi- dential. Index Terms--Distribution networks, inverter control, photo- voltaic systems, optimal power flow
Giannakis, Georgios
Sacramento Municipal Utility District: Preparing its Distribution System for PEVs
In 2010, when a large-scale reintroduction of PEVs seemed imminent, SMUD embarked on a landmark distribution system analysis. The analysis pinpointed and monetized the utility's potential upgrade needs and alternatives. It also informed and enabled the utility to configure several rate pilots with current PEV customers. These analyses and pilots are the focus of this case study.
Distributed Generation Market Study: Advanced Turbine System Program
The ultra high efficiency, environmental superiority, and cost competitiveness of advanced turbine systems (ATSs) makes them attractive candidates for use in the near future in distributed generation applications. This study found that ATS engines with the cost and performance characteristics provided by Allison Engine Company (Allison) could have a significant regional market in the 2000-2005 time period.
Engineering complex adaptations in highly heterogeneous distributed systems
Distributed systems now encounter extreme heterogeneity in the form of diverse devices, network types etc., and also need to dynamically adapt to changing environmental conditions. Self-adaptive middleware is ideally situated to address these challenges. ... Keywords: adaptation, heterogeneity, middleware, reflection
Paul Grace; Gordon S. Blair; Carlos Flores Cortes; Nelly Bencomo
Automated Energy Distribution and Reliability System (AEDR): Final Report
This report describes Northern Indiana Public Service Co. project efforts to develop an automated energy distribution and reliability system. The purpose of this project was to implement a database-driven GIS solution that would manage all of the company's gas, electric, and landbase objects.
Buche, D. L.
Automated Energy Distribution and Reliability System Status Report
Buche, D. L.; Perry, S.
Analysis of technical loss in distribution line system
This research was aimed to present Technical loss analysis in Hatyai of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). This Analysis used calculation and PSS/Adept program. For considering the technical loss in distribution system included: transmission line ... Keywords: PSS/Adept program, technical loss, three phase power flow
Narong Mungkung; Nittaya Gomurut; Tanes Tanitteerapan; Somchai Arunrungrusmi; Weerachai Chaokumnerd; Toshifumi Yuji
Distributed sensor system for fault detection and isolation in multistage manufacturing systems
With rapid innovations in sensing technology and the rising complexity in manufacturing processes, increasingly less expensive and smart devices with multiple heterogeneous on-board sensors, networked through wired or wireless links and deployable ... Keywords: DSS, MMS, data management, decision making, distributed control, distributed sensor systems, fault detection, fault isolation, industrial automation, information processing, multistage manufacturing systems, optimal design, sensor networks
Du Shi-Chang; Xi Li-Feng; Shi Jian-Jun
Commercial thermal distribution systems, Final report for CIEE/CEC
According to the California Energy Commission (CEC 1998a), California commercial buildings account for 35% of statewide electricity consumption, and 16% of statewide gas consumption. Space conditioning accounts for roughly 16,000 GWh of electricity and 800 million therms of natural gas annually, and the vast majority of this space conditioning energy passes through thermal distribution systems in these buildings. In addition, 8600 GWh per year is consumed by fans and pumps in commercial buildings, most of which is used to move the thermal energy through these systems. Research work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been ongoing over the past five years to investigate the energy efficiency of these thermal distribution systems, and to explore possibilities for improving that energy efficiency. Based upon that work, annual savings estimates of 1 kWh/ft{sup 2} for light commercial buildings, and 1-2 kWh/ft{sup 2} in large commercial buildings have been developed for the particular aspects of thermal distribution system performance being addressed by this project. Those savings estimates, combined with a distribution of the building stock based upon an extensive stock characterization study (Modera et al. 1999a), and technical penetration estimates, translate into statewide saving potentials of 2000 GWh/year and 75 million thermal/year, as well as an electricity peak reduction potential of 0.7 GW. The overall goal of this research program is to provide new technology and application knowledge that will allow the design, construction, and energy services industries to reduce the energy waste associated with thermal distribution systems in California commercial buildings. The specific goals of the LBNL efforts over the past year were: (1) to advance the state of knowledge about system performance and energy losses in commercial-building thermal distribution systems; (2) to evaluate the potential of reducing thermal losses through duct sealing, duct insulation, and improved equipment sizing; and (3) to develop and evaluate innovative techniques applicable to large buildings for sealing ducts and encapsulating internal duct insulation. In the UCB fan project, the goals were: (1) to develop a protocol for testing, analyzing and diagnosing problems in large commercial building built-up air handling systems, and (2) to develop low-cost measurement techniques to improve short term monitoring practices. To meet our stated goals and objectives, this project: (1) continued to investigate and characterize the performance of thermal distribution systems in commercial buildings; (2) performed energy analyses and evaluation for duct-performance improvements for both small and large commercial buildings; (3) developed aerosol injection technologies for both duct sealing and liner encapsulation in commercial buildings; and (4) designed energy-related diagnostic protocols based on short term measurement and used a benchmarking database to compare subject systems with other measured systems for certain performance metrics. This year's efforts consisted of the following distinct tasks: performing characterization measurements for five light commercial building systems and five large-commercial-building systems; analyzing the potential for including duct performance in California's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Non-Residential Buildings (Title 24), including performing energy and equipment sizing analyses of air distribution systems using DOE 2.1E for non-residential buildings; conducting laboratory experiments, field experiments, and modeling of new aerosol injection technologies concepts for sealing and coating, including field testing aerosol-based sealing in two large commercial buildings; improving low-cost fan monitoring techniques measurements, and disseminating fan tools by working with energy practitioners directly where possible and publishing the results of this research and the tools developed on a web-site. The final report consists of five sections listed below. Each section includes its related
Xu, Tengfang; Bechu, Olivier; Carrie, Remi; Dickerhoff, Darryl; Fisk, William; Franconi, Ellen; Kristiansen, Oyvind; Levinson, Ronnen; McWilliams, Jennifer; Wang, Duo; Modera, Mark; Webster, Tom; Ring, Erik; Zhang, Qiang; Huizenga, Charlie; Bauman, Fred; Arens, Ed
BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SETS TECHNOLOGY NAME: Environmental Visualization System Pro (EVS-PRO)
Program (ETV) to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by substantially accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. ETV seeks to achieve this goal by providing high-quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in the design, distribution, financing, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies. ETV works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations and stakeholder groups consisting of regulators, buyers, and vendor organizations, with the full participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are generated and that the results are defensible. The Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies Pilot (SCMT), one of 12 technology areas under
unknown authors
Benefits and Risks Associated with Expanding Automated Diverse Actuation System Functions
Preventing or mitigating the effects of software common-cause failure (CCF) remains an open technical and regulatory issue for both new plants and operating plants undergoing digital upgrades. The concern is the potential for CCFs to disable multiple equipment trains or systems that use identical software-based components. Recent interim staff guidance from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) suggests that credit for operator action during postulated digital I&C (instrumentation and control) CCF...
A Framework for the Evaluation of the Cost and Benefits of Microgrids
A Microgrid is recognized as an innovative technology to help integrate renewables into distribution systems and to provide additional benefits to a variety of stakeholders, such as offsetting infrastructure investments and improving the reliability of the local system. However, these systems require additional investments for control infrastructure, and as such, additional costs and the anticipated benefits need to be quantified in order to determine whether the investment is economically feasible. This paper proposes a methodology for systematizing and representing benefits and their interrelationships based on the UML Use Case paradigm, which allows complex systems to be represented in a concise, elegant format. This methodology is demonstrated by determining the economic feasibility of a Microgrid and Distributed Generation installed on a typical Canadian rural distribution system model as a case study. The study attempts to minimize the cost of energy served to the community, considering the fixed costs associated with Microgrids and Distributed Generation, and suggests benefits to a variety of stakeholders.
Morris, Greg Young; Abbey, Chad; Joos, Geza; Marnay, Chris
Optimal Model of Distributed Energy System by Using GAMS andEnergy Reliability, Distributed Energy Program of the U.S.Optimal Model of Distributed Energy System by Using GAMS and
Distributed Energy Systems in California's Future: A Preliminary Report Volume 2
OF UTILIZING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES . . . . . . .DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS I~N CALIF RNIA/S FUTURE: UU-6831Ur'l1E:i\\i-fS SECTION DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS STUDY GROUP
Balderston, F.
Optimal Combination of Distributed Energy System in an Eco-Campus of Japan
Optimal Combination of Distributed Energy System in an Eco-and Renewable Energy, Distributed Energy Program of the U.S.OPTIMAL COMBINATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM IN AN ECO-
Yang, Yongwen; Gao, Weijun; Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris
Econophysical Dynamics of Market-Based Electric Power Distribution Systems
As energy markets begin clearing at sub-hourly rates, their interaction with load control systems becomes a potentially important consideration. A simple model for the control of thermal systems using market-based power distribution strategies is proposed, with particular attention to the behavior and dynamics of electric building loads and distribution-level power markets. Observations of dynamic behavior of simple numerical model are compared to that of an aggregate continuous model. The analytic solution of the continuous model suggests important deficiencies in each. The continuous model provides very valuable insights into how one might design such load control system and design the power markets they interact with. We also highlight important shortcomings of the continuous model which we believe must be addressed using discrete models.
Nicolas Ho; David P. Chassin
ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 8: Air Distribution Systems |
8: Air Distribution 8: Air Distribution Systems Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder
Application of upspray type water distribution systems in cooling towers
The efficient and uniform distribution of the warm circulating water on to the filling of cooling towers has been the continuing goal of the tower designer. The final element in the water distribution system, the sprayer, plays an important role in achieving this objective. This paper discusses the performance and operational characteristics of a sprayer utilized in counterflow towers that directs the water leaving the sprayer nozzle in an upward direction and briefly compares its performance with that of downward sprayers. The discussion also covers relative tower economics and application data of the sprayer.
Fay, H.P.; Hesse, G.
Air Distribution Effectiveness for Different MechanicalVentilation Systems
The purpose of ventilation is to dilute indoor contaminants that an occupant is exposed to. In a multi-zone environment such as a house, there will be different dilution rates and different source strengths in every zone. Most US homes have central HVAC systems, which tend to mix conditions between zones. Different types of ventilation systems will provide different amounts of dilution depending on the effectiveness of their air distribution systems and the location of sources and occupants. This paper will report on work being done to both model the impact of different systems and measurements using a new multi-tracer measurement system that has the capacity to measure not only the flow of outdoor air to each zone, but zone-to-zone transport. The ultimate objective of this project is to determine the effectiveness of different systems so that appropriate adjustments can be made in residential ventilation standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2.
Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.
Distributed Generation Study/Patterson Farms CHP System Using Renewable
Farms CHP System Using Renewable Farms CHP System Using Renewable Biogas < Distributed Generation Study Jump to: navigation, search Study Location Auburn, New York Site Description Agricultural Study Type Field Test Technology Internal Combustion Engine Prime Mover Caterpillar G379 Heat Recovery Systems Built-in Fuel Biogas System Installer Martin Machinery System Enclosure Dedicated Shelter System Application Combined Heat and Power Number of Prime Movers 1 Stand-alone Capability None Power Rating 200 kW0.2 MW 200,000 W 200,000,000 mW 2.0e-4 GW 2.0e-7 TW Nominal Voltage (V) 480 Heat Recovery Rating (BTU/hr) 1366072 Cooling Capacity (Refrig/Tons) Origin of Controller 3rd Party Custom Made Component Integration Customer Assembled Start Date 2007/05/02 Monitoring Termination Date 2007/05/26
Characteristics of Distributed-Parameter Systems: Handbook of Equations of Mathematical Physics and Distributed-Parameter Systems
From the Publisher:This volume is intended to serve as a handbook which contains data dealing with the characteristics of systems with distributed and lumped parameters. Some two hundred problems are discussed and, for each problem, all the main characteristics ...
A. G. Butkovski�i; Leonid Moiseevich. Pustyl�nikov
Application of an Energy Management System to a Distribution Center
Capital outlays for energy management must be economically attractive to warrant an expenditure. An energy management system has one of the most economic returns for an investment decision, if applied effectively. The Quaker Oats Company installed such a System in its Dallas Distribution Center. In one year the electric bills were reduced by a total of $17,668.91. Electric consumption (KWH) was reduced by thirty-one percent, electrical demand (KW) was reduced by thirty-six percent while plant operations expanded. This paper discusses the control strategies employed by the energy management system and provided the resultant savings that was obtained from the first year of operation.
Warnick, T.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has teamed with cities across the country through the Solar America Cities (SAC) partnership program to help reduce barriers and accelerate implementation of solar energy. The New York City SAC team is a partnership between the City University of New York (CUNY), the New York City Mayor s Office of Long-term Planning and Sustainability, and the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC).The New York City SAC team is working with DOE s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Con Edison, the local utility, to develop a roadmap for photovoltaic (PV) installations in the five boroughs. The city set a goal to increase its installed PV capacity from1.1 MW in 2005 to 8.1 MW by 2015 (the maximum allowed in 2005). A key barrier to reaching this goal, however, is the complexity of the interconnection process with the local utility. Unique challenges are associated with connecting distributed PV systems to secondary network distribution systems (simplified to �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?networks�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�? in this report). Although most areas of the country use simpler radial distribution systems to distribute electricity, larger metropolitan areas like New York City typically use networks to increase reliability in large load centers. Unlike the radial distribution system, where each customer receives power through a single line, a network uses a grid of interconnected lines to deliver power to each customer through several parallel circuits and sources. This redundancy improves reliability, but it also requires more complicated coordination and protection schemes that can be disrupted by energy exported from distributed PV systems. Currently, Con Edison studies each potential PV system in New York City to evaluate the system s impact on the network, but this is time consuming for utility engineers and may delay the customer s project or add cost for larger installations. City leaders would like to streamline this process to facilitate faster, simpler, and less expensive distributed PV system interconnections. To assess ways to improve the interconnection process, NREL conducted a four-part study with support from DOE. The NREL team then compiled the final reports from each study into this report. In Section 1�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?PV Deployment Analysis for New York City�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?we analyze the technical potential for rooftop PV systems in the city. This analysis evaluates potential PV power production in ten Con Edison networks of various locations and building densities (ranging from high density apartments to lower density single family homes). Next, we compare the potential power production to network loads to determine where and when PV generation is most likely to exceed network load and disrupt network protection schemes. The results of this analysis may assist Con Edison in evaluating future PV interconnection applications and in planning future network protection system upgrades. This analysis may also assist other utilities interconnecting PV systems to networks by defining a method for assessing the technical potential of PV in the network and its impact on network loads. Section 2�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?A Briefing for Policy Makers on Connecting PV to a Network Grid�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?presents an overview intended for nontechnical stakeholders. This section describes the issues associated with interconnecting PV systems to networks, along with possible solutions. Section 3�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?Technical Review of Concerns and Solutions to PV Interconnection in New Y
K. Anderson; M. Coddington; K. Burman; S. Hayter; B. Kroposki; and A. Watson
Reliability Improvement Programs in Steam Distribution and Power Generation Systems
This paper will present alternatives to costly corrective maintenance of the steam trap and condensate return system, and the paybacks associated with instituting a program of planned maintenance management of that system. Energy costs can be reduced by 10% and maintenance costs by 20%, while achieving other tangible improvements in the reliability and efficiency of the system. Recent studies have shown that more than 40% of all installed steam traps and 20% of certain types of valves need some form of corrective action. The majority of all high backpressure problems in condensate return systems are due to poor design criteria. in expandlng or retrofitting existing return systems. By instituting a maintenance management program, a 95% reliability can be gained within two to four annual maintenance cycles. The associated operational problems can be greatly reduced. The maintenance management concept involves: 1) centralized project management; 2) diagnostic and inspection expertise; 3) system troubleshooting; 4) data analysis, reporting and recommendations; 5) maintenance repairs and follow-up; and 6) software and data base management. Several case studies, in which the concept has been successfully applied, will be presented. Energy costs, which have been on the rise for the past ten years, have now leveled off due to global supply and demand issues. But that is not true of the costs to maintain capital equipment such as steam distribution and power generation systems. Those costs continue to rise. If the basic principles of maintenance management are applied, when upgrading poorly maintained steam systems, those upgraded systems can be a fast payback of savings in energy, manpower and inventory. Three major areas where the savings can be gained are the steam traps, valve and condensate return systems. Such systems can be found in power generation, steam distribution, and in all types of durable and non-durable industrial productions.
Petto, S.
Field demonstrations of communication systems for distribution automation. Final report
This report summarizes the results of a field demonstration of the use of UHF radio links in the 950-MHz portion of the spectrum as a communication medium for performing automated electric power distribution. Prototype radiohardware was combined with logic and control equipment developed by Westinghouse for power-line carrier automated distribution systems. Transceivers were used in the remote interactive terminals. 3dbm transceivers were used in the Central Base Station and the three Primary Radio Terminals, which functioned as system repeaters. Pre-installation field-strength measurements were made along selected radials and in spot locations to characterize the anticipated field-strength contours that would be encountered during the operational testing. A propagation model was developed that accurately predicted the conditions actually recorded. Post-installation measurements were used to further calibrate the computer model. The resulting propagation analysis proved exceedingly effective in characterizing a UHF radio system for digital communication. Data collected during a 10-month operational period supports the conclusion that 950-MHz radio is a viable communications medium for performing utility automated distribution functions. The system consists of 250 remote terminals, each interrogated from three sites. This provides 750 paths for communication performance evaluation.The reliability of the prototype radio units used in this project fell below that predicted through MTBF analysis, and did not meet utility reliability standards. The logic and control circuitry and central station required very little maintenance during the test.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the October 2002 to December 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The following activities have been carried out during this reporting period: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} Part-load performance analysis was conducted {lg_bullet} Primary system concept was down-selected {lg_bullet} Dynamic control model has been developed {lg_bullet} Preliminary heat exchanger designs were prepared {lg_bullet} Pressurized SOFC endurance testing was performed
Nguyen Minh; Faress Rahman
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the October 2001 to December 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The conceptual and demonstration system designs were proposed and analyzed, and these systems have been modeled in Aspen Plus. Work has also started on the assembly of dynamic component models and the development of the top-level controls requirements for the system. SOFC stacks have been fabricated and performance mapping initiated.
Kurt Montgomery; Nguyen Minh
Distributed software decision support systems for heterogeneous coordination in chemical and biological response
During detection and response to a Chem-Bio incident, heterogeneous groups, who may not ordinarily interact, must form a team. A Sensible Agent is a type of software agent (a Distributed Artificial Intelligence component that uses sensing, reasoning, and acting capabilities to achieve a set of goals) with additional coordination capabilities. For the Chem-Bio terrorism domain, Sensible Agents can offer the following decision-support capabilities: (1) belief revision based on models, certainty and the trustworthiness of incoming information sources, (2) situation-based recommendations on the composition of decision-making groups, the relative strength of members of the group and over whom the group has authority, and (3) planning and resource allocation. This paper describes possible benefits of applying a Sensible Agent system to provide Chem-Bio detectors and responders with in situ decision support for task and resource management. 1
K. Suzanne Barber; Matthew T. Macmahon; Cheryl E. Martin
Measured Air Distribution Effectiveness for Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems
The purpose of ventilation is dilute or remove indoor contaminants that an occupant is exposed to. In a multi-zone environment such as a house, there will be different dilution rates and different source strengths in every zone. Most US homes have central HVAC systems, which tend to mix the air thus the indoor conditions between zones. Different types of ventilation systems will provide different amounts of exposure depending on the effectiveness of their air distribution systems and the location of sources and occupants. This paper will report on field measurements using a unique multi-tracer measurement system that has the capacity to measure not only the flow of outdoor air to each zone, but zone-to-zone transport. The paper will derive seven different metrics for the evaluation of air distribution. Measured data from two homes with different levels of natural infiltration will be used to evaluate these metrics for three different ASHRAE Standard 62.2 compliant ventilation systems. Such information can be used to determine the effectiveness of different systems so that appropriate adjustments can be made in residential ventilation standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2.
Sherman, Max; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.
OE's Smart Grid Activities in the Distribution System
1/2013 1 1/2013 1 National Academy of Engineering - BMED December 2008 www.oe.energy.gov U.S. Department of Energy - 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 OE's Smart Grid Activities in the Distribution system September 2012 Patricia Hoffman Assistant Secretary December 2008 Mission Drive Grid Modernization and Resiliency in the Energy Infrastructure The formation of the Grid Technology Team is a recognition by DOE that we need to bring more resources to bear on grid modernization, coordinating effort from the Science programs, ARPA-E, and the other applied programs 2 December 2008 Desired Outcomes from this Workshop Better shared understanding of the technology needs of the Distribution system Identification of gaps in current research
The 4x6 network; Distribution system applications
An earlier paper described the 4x6 network switching scheme for power delivery systems with emphasis on substations. It was shown that the 4x6 scheme requires up to 40% fewer breakers than traditional switching schemes, and is inherently more reliable. The emphasis here is on distribution system applications. It is shown that transformer nameplate capacity can be reduced up to 33% using the 4x6 switching scheme, with equal or greater reliability. Through judicious use of open circuit breakers or other methods inherent to the 4x6 concept, short-circuit levels and ampacity requirements are reduced for further economy. Also 4x6 facilitates modular construction for distribution substations, permitting use of standardized factory assembled packages of transformers and switchgear for maximum economy.
Page, R.; Nishikawara, K.; Stromotich, F. (Substation Planning Associates, West Vancouver, BC (GB))
EPRI Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book (The Bronze Book)
The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has developed the first edition of the EPRI Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book (Bronze Book). This reference, authored by leading industry expert authors, joins the EPRI series of Power Delivery technical references, commonly known by the color of their covers. The Bronze Book has been written to be a meaningful reference to utility engineers and personnel involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation, operation, and maintenance of ...
Impacts of Extreme Weather Events on Transmission and Distribution Systems
Extreme weather encompasses weather phenomena that are especially severe, unseasonal, or at the extremes of historical distributions. Extreme weather events, such as Hurricane Katrina, for example, have resulted in widespread damage to the power infrastructure and caused severe outages, which affected millions of customers. This report discusses the impacts of extreme weather events on power systems and synthesizes utility experiences, lessons learned from different storms occurring around the globe, and...
Feasibility Study: Ductless Hydronic Distribution Systems with Fan Coil Delivery
The primary objectives of this study are to estimate potential energy savings relative to conventional ducted air distribution, and to identify equipment requirements, costs, and barriers with a focus on ductless hydronic delivery systems that utilize water-to-air terminal units in each zone. Results indicate that annual heating and cooling energy use can be reduced by up to 27% assuming replacement of the conventional 13 SEER heat pump and coil with a similarly rated air-to-water heat pump.
Springer, D.; Dakin, B.; Backman, C.
Systems thinking benefits in supply change management: an illustration of the viable systems model in a Supply Chain
Existing product development models are solely an organisational matter. They do not take into consideration the whole Supply Chain (SC) and its different actors. In this article, we investigate how Supply Chain Management and Viable System Model ... Keywords: SCM, VSM, lead user, process industry, product development, supply chain management, viable system model
Diana Chroneer; Anita Mirijamdotter
Multi-State Load Models for Distribution System Analysis
Recent work in the field of distribution system analysis has shown that the traditional method of peak load analysis is not adequate for the analysis of emerging distribution system technologies. Voltage optimization, demand response, electric vehicle charging, and energy storage are examples of technologies with characteristics having daily, seasonal, and/or annual variations. In addition to the seasonal variations, emerging technologies such as demand response and plug in electric vehicle charging have the potential to send control signals to the end use loads which will affect how they consume energy. In order to support time-series analysis over different time frames and to incorporate potential control signal inputs it is necessary to develop detailed end use load models which accurately represent the load under various conditions, and not just during the peak load period. This paper will build on previous work on detail end use load modeling in order to outline the method of general multi-state load models for distribution system analysis.
Schneider, Kevin P.; Fuller, Jason C.; Chassin, David P.
SRS - Retiree Benefits - Forms
Contacts Contacts Benefits Solutions Service Center Health Insurance including: Medical, Dental, Life Insurance, Retirement Services and Pension Plan, Savings and Investment Plan (SIP). Benefits Solutions Service Center 803.725.7772 (locally) or 800.368.7333 Benefit Related Customer Service Numbers 1.866.288.3257, website: www.ibenefitcenter.com Representatives M-F 9:00 - 5:00 EST System available 24 hours a day Monday - Saturday, and Sunday after 1 p.m. 1.800.325.6596 (Prime,Standard, Basic, Dental and Flexible Spending Accounts: Option 5 for COBRA and 3161 Benefits) M-F 8:30 - 4:30 1.800.868.-1032 (Mental Health and Substance Abuse Assistance) 1.800.521.3606, Vision Plan 1.800.581.4222, Westinghouse Corporate Pension 1.800.581.3366, Westinghouse Corporate Savings Plan
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the July 2003 to December 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Faress Rahman; Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the January to June 2004 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the January 2002 to March 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. For this reporting period the following activities have been carried out: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} System-level performance model was created {lg_bullet} Dynamic control models are being developed {lg_bullet} Mechanical properties of candidate heat exchanger materials were investigated {lg_bullet} SOFC performance mapping as a function of flow rate and pressure was completed
Optimal Inverter VAR Control in Distribution Systems with High PV Penetration
The intent of the study detailed in this paper is to demonstrate the benefits of inverter var control on a fast timescale to mitigate rapid and large voltage fluctuations due to the high penetration of photovoltaic generation and the resulting reverse power flow. Our approach is to formulate the volt/var control as a radial optimal power flow (OPF) problem to minimize line losses and energy consumption, subject to constraints on voltage magnitudes. An efficient solution to the radial OPF problem is presented and used to study the structure of optimal inverter var injection and the net benefits, taking into account the additional cost of inverter losses when operating at non-unity power factor. This paper will illustrate how, depending on the circuit topology and its loading condition, the inverter's optimal reactive power injection is not necessarily monotone with respect to their real power output. The results are demonstrated on a distribution feeder on the Southern California Edison system that has a very ...
Farivar, Masoud; Clarke, Christopher; Low, Steven
Integration of Distributed Resources in Electric Utility Systems: Functional Definition for Communication and Control Requirements
Accelerating commercialization of distributed resources (DR) has created the need for improved practices for integrating them with electric utility distribution systems. A functional definition of DR for defining communication and control requirements in electric utility distribution systems is provided. The report is a tool that readers can use in developing communication and control strategies for DR in specific distribution systems.
Distributed generation capabilities of the national energy modeling system
N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Distributed Generation Capabilities ofemployer. LBNL-52432 Distributed Generation Capabilities of1.1 Definition of Distributed Generation and Interpretation
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Marnay, Chris
and Renewable Energy, Distributed Energy and ElectricPrepared for the Distributed Energy and Electric Reliabilityand Renewable Energy, Distributed Energy and Electric
Multi-agent control and operation of electric power distribution systems.
??This dissertation presents operation and control strategies for electric power distribution systems containing distributed generators. First, models of microturbines and fuel cells are developed. These� (more)
Al-Hinai, Amer.
Operational and Planning Aspects of Distribution Systems in Deregulated Electricity Markets.
??In the current era of deregulated electricity markets, the power distribution systems have attained a very important and crucial role in the industry. A distribution� (more)
Algarni, Ayed
Fuzzy logic based operated device identification in power distribution systems
Fault location in distribution systems is a challenging task because of the lack of homogeneity in the system and due to uncertainity in the data used for estimating the faulted sections. Fuzzy logic has widely been applied for handling uncertainities in the input data and its processing. Fuzzy logic has also been used to model human expertise and decision making capabilites and to determine the possibility of a fault on a particular section. This thesis presents the design and implementation of an operated device identification algorithm to be used as one of four modules in an automated modular scheme for fault section estimation on radial distribution systems. This algorithm will be executed in tandem with the other fault location modules that form the second stage of a three stage scheme. The operated device identification algorithm can assign section fault possibilities representing the possibility of involvement of each section of a distribution feeder in an event. The operated device algorithm uses the recorded current waveform of an abnormal event, the time-current characteristics and settings of various protective devices on a feeder, and feeder topology information as inputs. The algorithm then assigns a fault possibility value to each section of a feeder using fuzzy rules and fuzzy membership functions to compare a fault event with protective device settings and characteristics. The section fault possibility values can be superimposed on the feeder map by color coding the sections of a feeder according to their fault possibility values. This helps in easy visualization of possibly faulted sections. A detailed illustration of the results obtained from running the algorithm is presented in this thesis. They prove the effectiveness of the algorithm in locating faults in a distribution feeder. The operated device identification module was tested using real data measured at feeder substations. The results obtained by the algorithm were verified with feedback given by the utilities that owned the feeders. The results obtained from the tests were encouraging.
Manivannan, Karthick Muthu
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the January 2003 to June 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. This report summarizes the results obtained to date on: System performance analysis and model optimization; Reliability and cost model development; System control including dynamic model development; Heat exchanger material tests and life analysis; Pressurized SOFC evaluation; and Pre-baseline system definition for coal gasification fuel cell system concept.
surrounding a wind energy conversion system may be the bestEnergy System Grouping of Technical Options for Formulation of Distributed Energy Systems Biomass Conversion .
Bulk Electricity System Impacts of Distributed and Transmission System Connected Solar PV
This report describes research examining how increased levels of photovoltaic (PV) can impact the bulk electricity system. Previous modeling of both bulk and distributed systems was extended to include more realistic assumptions, further sensitivities, and greater explanation of results. It was shown that high penetrations of distributed PV without low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) will increase voltage recovery time after a fault. The impact is exacerbated when the potential for residential ac ...
An R&D Project Management and Selection System for the Utilization Technology Branch, Division of Geothermal Energy, Volume III - Project Selection Procedure and Benefit/Cost Analysis
This report in three volumes describes an R and D project management and selection system developed for the Utilization Technology Branch of the Division of Geothermal Energy, Department of Energy. The proposed project management system (PMS) consists of a project data system (PDS) and a project selection procedure (PSP). The project data system consists of a series of project data forms and project status logs, and descriptions of information pathways. The PDS emphasizes timely monitoring of the technical and financial progress of projects, maintenance of the history of the project and rapid access to project information to facilitate responsive reporting to DGE and DOE Upper Management. The project selection procedure emphasizes a R and D product-oriented approach to benefit/cost analysis of individual projects. The report includes: (a) a description of the system, and recommendations for its implementation, (b) the PDS forms and explanation of their use, (c) a glossary of terms for use on the forms, (d) a description of the benefit/cost approach, (e) a data base for estimating R and D benefits, and (f) examples of test applications of the system to nine current DGE projects. This volume describes a proposed procedure for R and D project selection. The benefit/cost analysis part of the procedure estimates financial savings expected to result from the commercial use of hardware or process products of R and D. Savings are estimated with respect to the geothermal power plants expected to come on line between 1978 and 2000.
Dhillon, Harpal S.; Entingh, Daniel J.
Modeling of Inverter Control with Distribution Management System for Distributed Energy Resources
A distribution energy resource management system (DERMS) has been added as an external control to the OpenDSS software. This report discusses that control and provides case studies illustrating the feeder response. The visual interpretation of the feeder in the external control is similar to that of an operator�s control interface.The DERMS uses meters on a feeder to provide power flow data. This data is processed and used to update the control of the inverter-based generation. The ...
NETL: Global Environmental Benefits
Global Environmental Benefits Global Environmental Benefits Gasification Systems Global Environmental Benefits Environmental performance for future energy production systems is a much greater factor as emission standards tighten in the United States and worldwide. The outstanding environmental performance of gasification systems makes it an excellent technology for the clean production of electricity and other products. In addition, the reduction of CO2 emissions is one of the major challenges facing industry in response to global climate change. Other countries with coal reserves might potentially import technologies developed in the United States to enable low-cost gasification with carbon capture and EOR or sequestration. Not only will this benefit the U.S. gasification technology industry, but it will also result in a global environmental benefit through more affordable control of greenhouse gases (GHGs). See the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) link below for a summary of the impact of fossil fuels without carbon capture on CO2 emissions, on the GHG contributions of different countries, and of the projected impact of developing countries to 2030:
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the April to October 2004 reporting period in Task 2.3 (SOFC Scaleup for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Systems) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL), entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. This study analyzes the performance and economics of power generation systems for central power generation application based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology and fueled by natural gas. The main objective of this task is to develop credible scale up strategies for large solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine systems. System concepts that integrate a SOFC with a gas turbine were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 20 MW. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Technology gaps and required engineering development efforts were identified and evaluated.
David Deangelis; Rich Depuy; Debashis Dey; Georgia Karvountzi; Nguyen Minh; Max Peter; Faress Rahman; Pavel Sokolov; Deliang Yang
A Distributed Metadata Management, Data Discovery and Access System
Mercury is a federated metadata harvesting, search and retrieval tool based on both open source and software developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was originally developed for NASA, and the Mercury development consortium now includes funding from NASA, USGS, and DOE. A major new version of Mercury was developed during 2007. This new version provides orders of magnitude improvements in search speed, support for additional metadata formats, integration with Google Maps for spatial queries, support for RSS delivery of search results, among other features. Mercury provides a single portal to information contained in disparate data management systems. It collects metadata and key data from contributing project servers distributed around the world and builds a centralized index. The Mercury search interfaces then allow the users to perform simple, fielded, spatial and temporal searches across these metadata sources. This centralized repository of metadata with distributed data sources provides extremely fa...
Palanisamy, Giriprakash; Green, Jim; Wilson, Bruce
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the July 2001 to September 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. An internal program kickoff was held at Honeywell in Torrance, CA. The program structure was outlined and the overall technical approach for the program was presented to the team members. Detail program schedules were developed and detailed objectives were defined. Initial work has begun on the system design and pressurized SOFC operation.
Testing and Evaluation of Distributed Energy Storage Systems
This report describes two separate testing activities conducted by EPRI in the course of 2011. The first activity is the testing of distributed energy storage systems (DESS) at the EPRI lab in Knoxville, Tennessee. The second activity is the field testing of DESS at a test facility owned by San Diego Gas Electric Company (SDGE). These storage devices are typically located at or near the edge of the grid, potentially located with pad-mounted transformers. Because of their location near the load, they can ...
Distributed Photovoltaic Generation in Residential Distribution Systems: Impacts on Power Quality and Anti-islanding.
??The past few decades have seen a consistent growth of distributed PV sources. Distributed PV, like other DG sources, can be located at or near� (more)
Mitra, Parag
Feeder and Network Evolution for the Distribution System of the Future
Historically, electrical distribution systems have been designed to deliver power from the distribution substations to the end users. The future evolution of the distribution system, as envisioned in EPRI's Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) initiative, will merge power delivery with distributed intelligent control and communications systems. This report covers the results of a survey of electric utilities and a follow-up seminar with survey participants. Survey responses were obtained from eleven US...
Aerogel-Based Insulation for Industrial Steam Distribution Systems
Thermal losses in industrial steam distribution systems account for 977 trillion Btu/year in the US, more than 1% of total domestic energy consumption. Aspen Aerogels worked with Department of Energy�s Industrial Technologies Program to specify, develop, scale-up, demonstrate, and deliver Pyrogel XT�, an aerogel-based pipe insulation, to market to reduce energy losses in industrial steam systems. The product developed has become Aspen�s best selling flexible aerogel blanket insulation and has led to over 60 new jobs. Additionally, this product has delivered more than ~0.7 TBTU of domestic energy savings to date, and could produce annual energy savings of 149 TBTU by 2030. Pyrogel XT�s commercial success has been driven by it�s 2-4X better thermal performance, improved durability, greater resistance to corrosion under insulation (CUI), and faster installation times than incumbent insulation materials.
John Williams
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC2601NT40779 for the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DoE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine. A conceptual hybrid system design was selected for analysis and evaluation. The selected system is estimated to have over 65% system efficiency, a first cost of approximately $650/kW, and a cost of electricity of 8.4 cents/kW-hr. A control strategy and conceptual control design have been developed for the system. A number of SOFC module tests have been completed to evaluate the pressure impact to performance stability. The results show that the operating pressure accelerates the performance degradation. Several experiments were conducted to explore the effects of pressure on carbon formation. Experimental observations on a functioning cell have verified that carbon deposition does not occur in the cell at steam-to-carbon ratios lower than the steady-state design point for hybrid systems. Heat exchanger design, fabrication and performance testing as well as oxidation testing to support heat exchanger life analysis were also conducted. Performance tests of the prototype heat exchanger yielded heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics consistent with the heat exchanger specification. Multicell stacks have been tested and performance maps were obtained under hybrid operating conditions. Successful and repeatable fabrication of large (>12-inch diameter) planar SOFC cells was demonstrated using the tape calendering process. A number of large area cells and stacks were successfully performance tested at ambient and pressurized conditions. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Integrated gasification fuel cell systems or IGFCs were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 200 MW. Two alternative integration configurations were selected with projected system efficiency of over 53% on a HHV basis, or about 10 percentage points higher than that of the state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems.
A software development tool for improving quality of service in distributed database systems
The Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS) are measured by their Quality of Service (QoS) improvements on the real world applications. To analyze the behavior of the distributed database system and to measure its quality of service performance, ...
Ismail Omar Hababeh
Multi-agent control and operation of electric power distribution systems
This dissertation presents operation and control strategies for electric power distribution systems containing distributed generators. First, models of microturbines and fuel cells are developed. These dynamic models are incorporated in a power system ...
Amer Al-Hinai / Ali Feliachi
Geographic Information Systems Applications on an ATM-Based Distributed High Performance Computing System
. We present a distributed geographic information system (DGIS) built on a distributed high performance computing environment using a number of software infrastructural building blocks and computational resources interconnected by an ATM-based broadband network. Archiving, access and processing of scientific data are discussed in the context of geographic and environmental applications with special emphasis on the potential for local-area weather, agriculture, soil and land management products. Software technologies such as tiling and caching techniques can be used to optimise storage requirements and response time for applications requiring very large data sets such as multi-channel satellite data. Distributed High Performance Computing hardware technology underpins our proposed system. In particular, we discuss the capabilities of a distributed hardware environment incorporating: high bandwidth communications networks such as Telstra's Experimental Broadband Network (EBN); large capa...
November Hawick
Distribution System Modeling Based on Dynamic State Estimation.
??Distribution automation, demand response and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are three important elements of modern smart distribution grid. To achieve it, the real-time state estimate� (more)
Huang, Shih-Che
Voltage control of emerging distribution systems with induction motor loads using robust LQG approach
mode" in emerging distribution systems. The small-signal stability analysis indicates that load voltageVoltage control of emerging distribution systems with induction motor loads using robust LQG has significant performance to improve the voltage profile of the distributed generation system
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Brief paper: Distributed parameter system optimum control design via finite element discretization
The problem of designing an optimum distributed parameter system is considered. Fundamental concepts pertaining to the solution of optimum controls for distributed parameter systems by finite element methods are devised. It is demonstrated that methods ... Keywords: Distributed parameter systems, finite element method, numerical methods, optimal control, partial differential equations
R. K. Cavin, III; S. C. Tandon
Some characteristics of emerging distribution systems considering the smart grid initiative
Modernization of the electric power system in the United States is driven by the Smart Grid Initiative. Many changes are planned in the coming years to the distribution side of the U.S. electricity delivery infrastructure to embody the idea of ''smart distribution systems.'' However, no functional or technical definition of a smart distribution system has yet been accepted by all. (author)
Brown, Hilary E.; Suryanarayanan, Siddharth; Heydt, Gerald T.
Benefits from flywheel energy storage for area regulation in California - demonstration results : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems program.
This report documents a high-level analysis of the benefit and cost for flywheel energy storage used to provide area regulation for the electricity supply and transmission system in California. Area regulation is an 'ancillary service' needed for a reliable and stable regional electricity grid. The analysis was based on results from a demonstration, in California, of flywheel energy storage developed by Beacon Power Corporation (the system's manufacturer). Demonstrated was flywheel storage systems ability to provide 'rapid-response' regulation. Flywheel storage output can be varied much more rapidly than the output from conventional regulation sources, making flywheels more attractive than conventional regulation resources. The performance of the flywheel storage system demonstrated was generally consistent with requirements for a possible new class of regulation resources - 'rapid-response' energy-storage-based regulation - in California. In short, it was demonstrated that Beacon Power Corporation's flywheel system follows a rapidly changing control signal (the ACE, which changes every four seconds). Based on the results and on expected plant cost and performance, the Beacon Power flywheel storage system has a good chance of being a financially viable regulation resource. Results indicate a benefit/cost ratio of 1.5 to 1.8 using what may be somewhat conservative assumptions. A benefit/cost ratio of one indicates that, based on the financial assumptions used, the investment's financial returns just meet the investors target.
Eyer, James M. (Distributed Utility Associates, Livermore, CA)
The global distribution of large subaerial distributary fluvial systems
Large subaerial distributary fluvial systems are cone-shaped, alluvial deposits that are ubiquitous features on Earth. These non-marine, non-lacustrine deposits have superficial similarities to small alluvial fans but are at a scale that is orders of magnitude larger. A variety of terms have been used to identify these features, including alluvial cone, inland delta, wet alluvial fan, humid alluvial fan, alluvial fan, subaerial fan, terminal fan, and megafan. The first systematic examination of these features was presented by Wilkinson et al. (1997). This thesis attempts to provide a more detailed characterization and classification of these features. Fourteen systems in South America, Africa, and Asia were examined using Shuttle photography and AVHRR imagery. This study included: (1) maps of each system and their global distribution, (2) morphometric analyses, (3) classifications by climate, geology, and hydrology, and (4) a comparison to other fluvial systems. These systems have areas 8,881 to 239,583 km�, radii 130 to 806 km, and slopes 0.00006 to 0.00079. Active and former river channel patterns on these features suggest that they formed by the action of a single river avulsing across the feature. The area of these features is unrelated to the area of the upstream drainage basin, but is related to the size of the downstream basin. This sample of systems occurs in a variety of climates and in two different geologic settings - foreland basins and half graben. The rivers on all systems are orientated transverse to the trend of the adjacent mountain range or fault. A variety of channel patterns are found on these systems. Considering the definitions of alluvial fans, rivers, and deltas, these systems are best classified as a specific variety of alluvial fan. A new alluvial fan classification scheme more inclusive than that proposed by Stanistreet and McCarthy (1993) is needed. The adoption of a common term to describe these systems - such as megafan - would help to eliminate some of the definitional ambiguities between them and other alluvial fans. Knowledge of these features will enhance our ability to interpret analogous features in the rock record, including important petroleum and water aquifers (e.g., the Ogallala Formation).
Gwynn, David Wilkinson
Distribution System Voltage Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics
This report examines the performance of commonly used distribution voltage regulation methods under reverse power flow.
Liu, E.; Bebic, J.
A Security Study of Digital TV Distribution Systems
1 This Thesis corresponds to 20 weeks of full-time work for the authors. For digital TV distribution, the current predominant business model is vertical. That is, TV operators and end users are locked to some certain proprietary conditional access (CA) systems, CA vendors control set-top-box manufacturers with their proprietary technology, and subscribers can achieve new services at the cost of changing STBs. Thus the horizontal business model is required to enable the open and competing market for any TV operator, and the attractive services for subscribers. The SSNF 2 is making efforts on providing households high quality TV services over the urban networks, where households can freely choose the competing offerings via an open platform. The traditional battleground of TV operators is in broadcast networks; however, the more mature IP technology becomes, TV operators will increase interests in providing services in IP networks. Furthermore, TV operators are aware of the possible additional value from the mobile distribution channel due to the evolution of cellular networks from �pure voice telephony networks to universal data networks � [67].
Nariman Molavi; Xu Zhao; Copyright Nariman Molavi; Xu Zhao
Distributed Generation Systems Inc DISGEN | Open Energy Information
DISGEN DISGEN Jump to: navigation, search Name Distributed Generation Systems Inc (DISGEN) Place Lakewood, Colorado Zip 80228 Sector Wind energy Product Developer of Green Mountain (10.4 MW) and Ponnequin (16 MW) wind generation projects in the US. Manages everything from site selection through construction. Coordinates 45.300538°, -88.522572° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.300538,"lon":-88.522572,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Log Summarization and Anomaly Detection for TroubleshootingDistributed Systems
Today's system monitoring tools are capable of detectingsystem failures such as host failures, OS errors, and network partitionsin near-real time. Unfortunately, the same cannot yet be said of theend-to-end distributed softwarestack. Any given action, for example,reliably transferring a directory of files, can involve a wide range ofcomplex and interrelated actions across multiple pieces of software:checking user certificates and permissions, getting details for allfiles, performing third-party transfers, understanding re-try policydecisions, etc. We present an infrastructure for troubleshooting complexmiddleware, a general purpose technique for configurable logsummarization, and an anomaly detection technique that works in near-realtime on running Grid middleware. We present results gathered using thisinfrastructure from instrumented Grid middleware and applications runningon the Emulab testbed. From these results, we analyze the effectivenessof several algorithms at accurately detecting a variety of performanceanomalies.
Gunter, Dan; Tierney, Brian L.; Brown, Aaron; Swany, Martin; Bresnahan, John; Schopf, Jennifer M.
Distributed systems � from natural to engineered: three phases of inspiration by nature
So far, most nature-inspired applications concern single components and non-distributed systems. However, distributed adaptive complex systems in nature also exhibit many properties which could be highly useful in engineered systems. The most ... Keywords: #, 42, CAS, autonomy, bio-inspiration, bio-inspired computation, complex adaptive systems, complexity theory, distributed systems, nature-inspired engineering, properties, self-&, self-organisation
R. Frei; J. Barata
Decision support system for water distribution systems based on neural networks and graphs theory for leakage detection
This paper presents an efficient and effective decision support system (DSS) for operational monitoring and control of water distribution systems based on a three layer General Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network (GFMMNN) and graph theory. The operational monitoring ... Keywords: Decision support system, Graph theory, Loop corrective flows equations, Modeling and simulation, Neural network, Operational control of water distribution systems
Corneliu T. C. Arsene; Bogdan Gabrys; David Al-Dabass
Studies of switching field and thermal energy barrier distributions in a FePt nanoparticle system
Studies of switching field and thermal energy barrier distributions in a FePt nanoparticle system X dependence of the thermal stability factor, the width of the thermal energy barrier distribution- ropy energy distribution and the interaction and the thermal energy barrier distribution determined
Laughlin, David E.
Cybersecurity through Real-Time Distributed Control Systems
Critical infrastructure sites and facilities are becoming increasingly dependent on interconnected physical and cyber-based real-time distributed control systems (RTDCSs). A mounting cybersecurity threat results from the nature of these ubiquitous and sometimes unrestrained communications interconnections. Much work is under way in numerous organizations to characterize the cyber threat, determine means to minimize risk, and develop mitigation strategies to address potential consequences. While it seems natural that a simple application of cyber-protection methods derived from corporate business information technology (IT) domain would lead to an acceptable solution, the reality is that the characteristics of RTDCSs make many of those methods inadequate and unsatisfactory or even harmful. A solution lies in developing a defense-in-depth approach that ranges from protection at communications interconnect levels ultimately to the control system s functional characteristics that are designed to maintain control in the face of malicious intrusion. This paper summarizes the nature of RTDCSs from a cybersecurity perspec tive and discusses issues, vulnerabilities, candidate mitigation approaches, and metrics.
Kisner, Roger A [ORNL; Manges, Wayne W [ORNL; MacIntyre, Lawrence Paul [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL; Munro Jr, John K [ORNL; Ewing, Paul D [ORNL; Howlader, Mostofa [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Wallace, Richard M [ORNL; Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL
Minimizing Energy Consumption in a Water Distribution System: A Systems Modeling Approach
In a water distribution system from groundwater supply, the bulk of energy consumption is expended at pump stations. These pumps pressurize the water and transport it from the aquifer to the distribution system and to elevated storage tanks. Each pump in the system has a range of possible operating conditions with varying flow rates, hydraulic head imparted, and hydraulic efficiencies. In this research, the water distribution system of a mid-sized city in a subtropical climate is modeled and optimized in order to minimize the energy usage of its fourteen pumps. A simplified model of the pipes, pumps, and storage tanks is designed using freely-available EPANET hydraulic modeling software. Physical and operational parameters of this model are calibrated against five weeks of observed data using a genetic algorithm to predict storage tank volume given a forecasted system demand. Uncertainty analysis on the calibrated parameters is performed to assess model sensitivity. Finally, the pumping schedule for the system's fourteen pumps is optimized using a genetic algorithm in order to minimize total energy use across a 24-hour period.
Johnston, John
Parameter estimation for performance models of distributed application systems
The performance engineering of distributed applications requires models that capture contention for both hardware and software resources. Layered queueing models have been proposed for modeling distributed applications but they require model parameters ...
Jerome Rolia; Vidar Vetland
A network-based software distribution system for smaller organizations
Software distribution has been and continues to be an ongoing problem, for both internal and external distribution. CD-ROMs, the current distribution media of choice for many organizations, can become unusable due to repeated use due to damage or soiling. ...
Wilfrid J. Mirville; Donald G. Cole; Michael L. Nelson
Web based multilayered distributed SCADA/HMI system in refinery application
The paper describes system synthesis and architecture of a multilayered distributed SCADA/HMI system. The system is used for monitoring and control of refinery terminals for truck loading and oil products pipeline shipping. Network-centered, distributed ... Keywords: Data server, Fieldbuses, OPC protocols, Real time systems, SCADA/HMI
Adnan Salihbegovic; Vlatko Marinkovi?; Zoran Cico; Elvedin Karavdi?; Nina Delic
Distributed embedded condition monitoring systems based on OSA-CBM standard
This paper presents an approach to distributed condition monitoring systems that offers reusable software for a class of condition monitoring (CM) applications. The focus is on an open software framework for development of CM applications stemming from ... Keywords: Condition monitoring, Distributed systems, Java RMI, Open System Architecture for Condition Based Maintenance, Open systems
T. Sreenuch; A. Tsourdos; I. K. Jennions
Low-Cost Hydrogen Distributed Production System Development
H{sub 2}Gen, with the support of the Department of Energy, successfully designed, built and field-tested two steam methane reformers with 578 kg/day capacity, which has now become a standard commercial product serving customers in the specialty metals and PV manufacturing businesses. We demonstrated that this reformer/PSA system, when combined with compression, storage and dispensing (CSD) equipment could produce hydrogen that is already cost-competitive with gasoline per mile driven in a conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle. We further showed that mass producing this 578 kg/day system in quantities of just 100 units would reduce hydrogen cost per mile approximately 13% below the cost of untaxed gasoline per mile used in a hybrid electric vehicle. If mass produced in quantities of 500 units, hydrogen cost per mile in a FCEV would be 20% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in an HEV in the 2015-2020 time period using EIA fuel cost projections for natural gas and untaxed gasoline, and 45% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in a conventional car. This 20% to 45% reduction in fuel cost per mile would accrue even though hydrogen from this 578 kg/day system would cost approximately $4.14/kg, well above the DOE hydrogen cost targets of $2.50/kg by 2010 and $2.00/kg by 2015. We also estimated the cost of a larger, 1,500 kg/day SMR/PSA fueling system based on engineering cost scaling factors derived from the two H{sub 2}Gen products, a commercial 115 kg/day system and the 578 kg/day system developed under this DOE contract. This proposed system could support 200 to 250 cars per day, similar to a medium gasoline station. We estimate that the cost per mile from this larger 1,500 kg/day hydrogen fueling system would be 26% to 40% below the cost per mile of untaxed gasoline in an HEV and ICV respectively, even without any mass production cost reductions. In quantities of 500 units, we are projecting per mile cost reductions between 45% (vs. HEVs) and 62% (vs ICVs), with hydrogen costing approximately $2.87/kg, still above the DOE's 2010 $2.50/kg target. We also began laboratory testing of reforming ethanol, which we showed is currently the least expensive approach to making renewable hydrogen. Extended testing of neat ethanol in micro-reactors was successful, and we also were able to reform E-85 acquired from a local fueling station for 2,700 hours, although some modifications were required to handle the 15% gasoline present in E-85. We began initial tests of a catalyst-coated wall reformer tube that showed some promise in reducing the propensity to coke with E-85. These coated-wall tests ran for 350 hours. Additional resources would be required to commercialize an ethanol reformer operating on E-85, but there is no market for such a product at this time, so this ethanol reformer project was moth-balled pending future government or industry support. The two main objectives of this project were: (1) to design, build and test a steam methane reformer and pressure swing adsorption system that, if scaled up and mass produced, could potentially meet the DOE 2015 cost and efficiency targets for on-site distributed hydrogen generation, and (2) to demonstrate the efficacy of a low-cost renewable hydrogen generation system based on reforming ethanol to hydrogen at the fueling station.
C.E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D., President; Principal Investigator, and
A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power System
A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power System Callaway Spring 2011 #12;Abstract A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar of analysis of Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power (DCS-CHP) systems is a design
California at Berkeley, University of
Intelligent robust control of hybrid distributed generation system under voltage sag
In this paper, design of control strategy for hybrid fuel cell/energy storage distributed power generation system during voltage sag has been presented. The proposed control strategy allows hybrid distributed generation system works properly when a voltage ... Keywords: Energy storage, Fuel cell, Fuzzy sliding control, Hybrid distributed generation, Lyapanov, Neuro-fuzzy, Voltage sag
Amin Hajizadeh; Masoud Aliakbar Golkar
CGI-based applications for distributed embedded systems for monitoring temperature and humidity
The paper discusses the using of Common Gateway Interface in developing web-based distributed embedded systems. It shows the tree-layer model in developing client-server applications. An example using a BECK microcontroller SC12 in application for monitoring ... Keywords: CGI, common gateway interface, distributed automation and control, distributed embedded systems, temperature and humidity measurements
Grisha Spasov; Nikolay Kakanakov
System Impacts from Interconnection of Distributed Resources: Current Status and Identification of Needs for Further Development
This report documents and evaluates system impacts from the interconnection of distributed resources to transmission and distribution systems, including a focus on renewable distributed resource technologies. The report also identifies system impact-resolution approaches and actions, including extensions of existing approaches. Lastly, the report documents the current challenges and examines what is needed to gain a clearer understanding of what to pursue to better avoid or address system impact issues.
Basso, T. S.
A PrivileA Privilege Management And Enforcement System For Distributed RS
We propose a system which both allows for easy administration as well as enforcement of controlled access of resources to distributed users. In particular, we have developed management and access methods for end user access to distributed mass storage ...
KJ Maly; Gupta, A; Kvande, B; IB Levinstein; Mukkamala; al et
This report describes Berkeley Lab's exploration of how the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) models distributed generation (DG) and presents possible approaches for improving how DG is modeled. The on-site electric generation capability has been available since the AEO2000 version of NEMS. Berkeley Lab has previously completed research on distributed energy resources (DER) adoption at individual sites and has developed a DER Customer Adoption Model called DER-CAM. Given interest in this area, Berkeley Lab set out to understand how NEMS models small-scale on-site generation to assess how adequately DG is treated in NEMS, and to propose improvements or alternatives. The goal is to determine how well NEMS models the factors influencing DG adoption and to consider alternatives to the current approach. Most small-scale DG adoption takes place in the residential and commercial modules of NEMS. Investment in DG ultimately offsets purchases of electricity, which also eliminates the losses associated with transmission and distribution (T&D). If the DG technology that is chosen is photovoltaics (PV), NEMS assumes renewable energy consumption replaces the energy input to electric generators. If the DG technology is fuel consuming, consumption of fuel in the electric utility sector is replaced by residential or commercial fuel consumption. The waste heat generated from thermal technologies can be used to offset the water heating and space heating energy uses, but there is no thermally activated cooling capability. This study consists of a review of model documentation and a paper by EIA staff, a series of sensitivity runs performed by Berkeley Lab that exercise selected DG parameters in the AEO2002 version of NEMS, and a scoping effort of possible enhancements and alternatives to NEMS current DG capabilities. In general, the treatment of DG in NEMS is rudimentary. The penetration of DG is determined by an economic cash-flow analysis that determines adoption based on the n umber of years to a positive cash flow. Some important technologies, e.g. thermally activated cooling, are absent, and ceilings on DG adoption are determined by some what arbitrary caps on the number of buildings that can adopt DG. These caps are particularly severe for existing buildings, where the maximum penetration for any one technology is 0.25 percent. On the other hand, competition among technologies is not fully considered, and this may result in double-counting for certain applications. A series of sensitivity runs show greater penetration with net metering enhancements and aggressive tax credits and a more limited response to lowered DG technology costs. Discussion of alternatives to the current code is presented in Section 4. Alternatives or improvements to how DG is modeled in NEMS cover three basic areas: expanding on the existing total market for DG both by changing existing parameters in NEMS and by adding new capabilities, such as for missing technologies; enhancing the cash flow analysis but incorporating aspects of DG economics that are not currently represented, e.g. complex tariffs; and using an external geographic information system (GIS) driven analysis that can better and more intuitively identify niche markets.
The effects on system efficiency of excess refrigerant line length are calculated for an idealized residential heating and cooling system. By excess line length is meant refrigerant tubing in excess of the 25 R provided for in standard equipment efficiency test methods. The purpose of the calculation is to provide input for a proposed method for evaluating refrigerant distribution system efficiency. A refrigerant distribution system uses refrigerant (instead of ducts or pipes) to carry heat and/or cooling effect from the equipment to the spaces in the building in which it is used. Such systems would include so-called mini-splits as well as more conventional split systems that for one reason or another have the indoor and outdoor coils separated by more than 25 ft. This report performs first-order calculations of the effects on system efficiency, in both the heating and cooling modes, of pressure drops within the refrigerant lines and of heat transfer between the refrigerant lines and the space surrounding them.
MEMS sensors and wireless telemetry for distributed systems
Selectively coated cantilevers are being developed at ORNL for chemical and biological sensing. The sensitivity can exceed that of other electro-mechanical devices as parts-per-trillion detection can be demonstrated for certain species. The authors are now proceeding to develop systems that employ electrically readable microcantilevers in a standard MEMS process and standard CMOS processes. One of their primary areas of interest is chemical sensing for environmental applications. Towards this end, they are presently developing electronic readout of a mercury-sensitive coated cantilever. In order to field arrays of distributed sensors, a wireless network for data reporting is needed. For this, the authors are developing on-chip spread-spectrum encoding and modulation circuitry to improve the robustness and security of sensor data in typical interference- and multipath-impaired environments. They have also provided for a selection of distinct spreading codes to serve groups of sensors in a common environment by the application of code-division multiple-access techniques. Most of the RF circuitry they have designed and fabricated in 0.5 {micro}m CMOS has been tested and verified operational to above 1 GHz. The initial intended operation is for use in the 915 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This paper presents measured data on the microcantilever-based mercury detector. They also present design data and measurements of the RF telemetry chip.
Britton, C.L. Jr.; Warmack, R.J.; Smith, S.F. [and others
Tools, Methods, and Modeling for Dynamic Distribution Systems, Power Factor Guidelines: Power Control with Distributed Energy Resources
With the onset in the past few years of tax incentives, subsidies, and renewable portfolio standards for distributed energy resources (DER), utilities are experiencing increasing numbers of interconnection requests for both large, MW-class systems as well as small, residential-scale systems. As a result, utilities need methods for integrating DER without impacting system reliability or power quality for other customers, while also maintaining flexibility for future changes and minimizing ...
Effects of Power System Harmonics on Distribution Transformer Insulation Performance.
??Floating feeder resonances are one of the new challenges being put forward by the renewable energy based distributed generation (DG) installations. Generally, the harmonic injection� (more)
Hamid, Muhammad
Innovative Distributed Multi-Pollutant Pot Gas Treatment System
Arranging the gas treatment in decentralized installations as Distributed Decentralised ... Development of NEUI500kA Family High Energy Efficiency Aluminum�...
HARTEX: a safe real-time kernel for distributed computer control systems
A hard real-time kernel is presented for distributed computer control systems (DCCS), highlighting a number of novel features, such as integrated scheduling of hard and soft real-time tasks as well as tasks and resources; high-performance time management ... Keywords: distributed computer control systems, object modelling techniques, real-time communication, real-time operating systems, scheduling algorithms
C. K. Angelov; I. E. Ivanov; A. Burns
On a group schedule management system using preference-based distributed ATMS
ATMS On a group schedule management system using preference-based distributed ATMS y y Takayuki Ito Science Abstract: In this paper, we propose a group schedule management system using a preference- based distributed ATMS (Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System). We can classify group schedules into three types
Distributed Generation Planning for Loss and Cost Minimisation in Power Distribution Systems.
??In this thesis, a method based on a sensitivity analysis and quadratic curve-fitting technique for power loss reduction in a low-voltage distribution area is proposed.� (more)
Anwar, Adnan
A Performance Comparison of Tree and Ring Topologies in Distributed System
A distributed system is a collection of computers that are connected via a communication network. Distributed systems have become commonplace due to the wide availability of low-cost, high performance computers and network devices. However, the management infrastructure often does not scale well when distributed systems get very large. Some of the considerations in building a distributed system are the choice of the network topology and the method used to construct the distributed system so as to optimize the scalability and reliability of the system, lower the cost of linking nodes together and minimize the message delay in transmission, and simplify system resource management. We have developed a new distributed management system that is able to handle the dynamic increase of system size, detect and recover the unexpected failure of system services, and manage system resources. The topologies used in the system are the tree-structured network and the ring-structured network. This thesis presents the research background, system components, design, implementation, experiment results and the conclusions of our work. The thesis is organized as follows: the research background is presented in chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes the system components, including the different node types and different connection types used in the system. In chapter 3, we describe the message types and message formats in the system. We discuss the system design and implementation in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we present the test environment and results, Finally, we conclude with a summary and describe our future work in chapter 6.
Min Huang
Examining the effectiveness of municipal solid waste management systems: An integrated cost-benefit analysis perspective with a financial cost modeling in Taiwan
In order to develop a sound material-cycle society, cost-effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems are required for the municipalities in the context of the integrated accounting system for MSW management. Firstly, this paper attempts to establish an integrated cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework for evaluating the effectiveness of MSW management systems. In this paper, detailed cost/benefit items due to waste problems are particularly clarified. The stakeholders of MSW management systems, including the decision-makers of the municipalities and the citizens, are expected to reconsider the waste problems in depth and thus take wise actions with the aid of the proposed CBA framework. Secondly, focusing on the financial cost, this study develops a generalized methodology to evaluate the financial cost-effectiveness of MSW management systems, simultaneously considering the treatment technological levels and policy effects. The impacts of the influencing factors on the annual total and average financial MSW operation and maintenance (O and M) costs are analyzed in the Taiwanese case study with a demonstrative short-term future projection of the financial costs under scenario analysis. The established methodology would contribute to the evaluation of the current policy measures and to the modification of the policy design for the municipalities.
Weng, Yu-Chi, E-mail: email@example.com [Solid Waste Management Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama (Japan); Fujiwara, Takeshi [Solid Waste Management Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama (Japan)
Estimating Hydrogen Demand Distribution Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Design of Optimized Fossil Energy Systems with Capture andDesign of Optimized Fossil Energy Systems with Capture and
Ni, Jason; Johnson, Nils; Ogden, Joan M; Yang, Christopher; Johnson, Joshua
A multiobjective, multidisciplinary design optimization methodology for the conceptual design of distributed satellite systems
A multiobjective, multidisciplinary design optimization methodology for mathematically modeling the distributed satellite system (DSS) conceptual design problem as an optimization problem has been developed to advance the ...
Jilla, Cyrus D., 1974-
Simulation of Stability Analysis for Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation Using Matlab/Simulink.
??This thesis is to investigate the voltage sag, transient stability and operation feasibility of power islanding with different types of dispersed generation in distribution systems.� (more)
Huang, Kun-Cyuan
AC/DC Smart Control and Power Sharing of DC Distribution Systems.
?? The purpose of this research is to develop a grid connected DC distribution system to ensure efficient integration of different alternate sources to the� (more)
Elshaer, Mohamed A
Stability and Performance of Propulsion Control Systems with Distributed Control Architectures and Failures.
??Future aircraft engine control systems will be based on a distributed architecture, in which, the sensors and actuators will be connected to the Full Authority� (more)
Belapurkar, Rohit K.
Modeling of Doubly Fed Induction Generators for Distribution System Power Flow Analysis.
??Large-scale integration of Wind Generators (WGs) with distribution systems is underway right across the globe in a drive to harness green energy. The Doubly Fed� (more)
Dadhania, Amitkumar
Distributed sliding window scheduling implemented in Java for a JADE agent system.
??This thesis describes a fully distributed approach to resource scheduling within a sliding time frame, implemented for a system of agents across multiple JADE platforms.� (more)
Logie, Scott Stewart Allan
Emergency reconfiguration and distribution system planning under the Single-Contingency Policy
Emergency reconfiguration can improve distribution systems' reliability by enabling load transfer among substations. Previous studies, although present its operation strategies, seldom explore emergency reconfiguration's ...
Wang, J.
Distributed Intrusion Detection System in A Multi-Layer Network Architecture of Smart Grids.
??This thesis proposes a Distributed Intrusion Detection System for Smart Grids by developing and deploying intelligent modules in multiple layers of the smart grid in� (more)
Zhang, Yichi
Partnerships for Community Benefit: Exploring Non-Profit Health Systems as Corporate Citizens in the Communities They Serve.
in Health Care: A Role for Organizational Ethics. � Journallender. The health system�s organizational frameworks andorganizational relationships geared toward community health
Jackson, Reginauld W.
Applications of an electronic transformer in a power distribution system
In electrical power distribution and power electronic applications, a transformer is an indispensable component which performs many functions. At its operating frequency (60/50 Hz), it is one of the most bulky and expensive components. The concept of the electronic transformer introduced previously has shown considerable reduction in size, weight, and volume by operating at a higher frequency. In this dissertation, the concept of the electronic transformer is further extended to the auto-connected phase-shifting type to reduce harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. It is shown that with the addition of primary side and secondary side AC/AC converters achieves phase-shifting. With the addition of converters, magnetic components are operated at a higher frequency to yield a smaller size and weight. Two types of auto-connected electronic transformer configurations are explored. In the first configuration, the secondary converter is eliminated and the output is suitable for rectifier type loads such as adjustable speed drives. In the second configuration, the secondary converter is added to obtain a sinusoidal phase-shifted AC output voltage. This approach is applicable in general applications. With the proposed approaches, the th and 7th harmonic in utility line currents, generated by two sets of nonlinear loads, are subtracted within the electronic transformer, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current. The analysis and simulation results are presented. In the second part of the dissertation, the electronic transformer concept is applied to a telecommunication power supply (-48 VDC) system. The proposed approach consists of a matrix converter to convert the low frequency three-phase input AC utility to a high frequency AC output without a DC-link. The output of the matrix converter is then processed via a high frequency isolation transformer to produce -48 VDC. Digital control of the system ensures that the output voltage is regulated and the input currents are of high quality, devoid of low frequency harmonics and at near unity input power factor under varying load conditions. Due to the absence of DC-link electrolytic capacitors, the power density of the proposed rectifier is shown to be higher. Analysis, design example and experimental results are presented from a three-phase 208 V, 1.5 kW laboratory prototype converter.
Ratanapanachote, Somnida
Impact of dispersed solar and wind systems on electric distribution planning and operation
Small-scale dispersed solar photovoltaic and wind generation (DSW) will affect the generation, transmission, and distribution systems of an electric utility. This study examines the technical and economic impacts of dispersing DSW devices within the distribution system. Dispersed intermittent generation is included. Effects of DSW devices on capital investments, reliability, operating and maintenance costs, protection requirements, and communication and control requirements are examined. A DSW operation model is developed to help determine the dependable capacity of fluctuating solar photovoltaic and wind generation as part of the distribution planning process. Specific case studies using distribution system data and renewable resource data for Southern California Edison Company and Consumers Power Company are analyzed to gain insights into the effects of interconnecting DSW devices. The DSW devices were found to offer some distribution investment savings, depending on their availability during peak loads. For a summer-peaking utility, for example, dispersing photovoltaic systems is more likely to defer distribution capital investments than dispersing wind systems. Dispersing storage devices to increase DSW's dependable capacity for distribution systems needs is not economically attractive. Substation placement of DSW and storage devices is found to be more cost effective than feeder or customer placement. Examination of the effects of DSW on distribution system operation showed that small customer-owned DSW devices are not likely to disrupt present time-current distribution protection coordination. Present maintenance work procedures, are adequate to ensure workmen's safety. Regulating voltages within appropriate limits will become more complex with intermittent generation along the distribution feeders.
Boardman, R.W.; Patton, R.; Curtice, D.H.
Substation Automation in the Distribution Grid: Cost-Benefit Analysis for using Line Current Differential Protection together with Wireless Telecommunications Technology.
??The electric-power grid consists of various interconnected parts. On a high level, the electricpower grid can be seen as a system in which electricity is� (more)
Yeganeh, S.
Sketch Based Video Annotation and Organization System in Distributed Teaching Environment
As the use of instructional video is becoming a key component of e-learning, there is an increasing need for a distributed system which supports collaborative video annotation and organization. In this paper, the authors construct a distributed environment ... Keywords: Collaborative Operation, Distributed Teaching Environment, Sketch Based Interface, Video Annotation, Video Organization
Jia Chen; Cui-xia Ma; Hong-an Wang; Hai-yan Yang; Dong-xing Teng
Balancing Peer and Server Energy Consumption in Large Peer-to-Peer File Distribution Systems
Balancing Peer and Server Energy Consumption in Large Peer-to-Peer File Distribution Systems. This paper investigates the most energy efficient way to distribute a file to a large number of recipients] has been paid to its energy consumption. This paper considers large scale file distribution
Andrew, Lachlan
INSIGHT: a distributed monitoring system for tracking continuous queries
A distributed monitoring framework can serve as an important building block for constructing large-scale data aggregation and continuous event monitoring applications, such as IP traffic monitoring (DDoS attacks), network anomaly detection ...
Navendu Jain; Praveen Yalagandula; Mike Dahlin; Yin Zhang
Abstract--Integration of asset management and outage management tasks for distribution system is proposed and
and evaluation of the influence of optimization on the cost of system outage is elaborated. Potential benefit as the maximum tolerable value. #12;7 V. OPTIMIZED OUTAGE COST THROUGH RISK-BASED ASSESSMENT 1. Optimized outage cost through risk-based assessment Risk-based analysis is used to estimate outage cost in this paper
Kezunovic, Mladen
OS support for a commodity database on PC clusters: distributed devices vs. distributed file systems
In this paper we attempt to parallelise a commodity database for OLAP on a cluster of commodity PCs by using a distributed high-performance storage subsystem. By parallelising the underlying storage architecture we eliminate the need to make any changes ...
Felix Rauch; Thomas M. Stricker
Energy Information Administration Electricity Market Module of NEMS Geographic Information System(s) 10 9 (giga)watt 10 3 (kilo)watt Market Analysis
Detailed Field Evaluation of a Cold Air Distribution System: Volumes 1 and 2
When following report recommendations, the system investigated in this study would provide significant energy consumption savings over conventional 55 degrees F supply air systems. Reduced duct size requirements, moreover, promise greater system design flexibility without sacrificing space comfort conditions or indoor air quality. Demonstrating the viability of cold air distribution systems, the report includes suggestions for improving system performance and overall efficiency.
Multiclass queueing systems in heavy traffic: an asymptotic approach based on distributional and conservation laws
We propose a new approach to analyze multiclass queueing systems in heavy traffic based on what we consider as fundamental laws in queueing systems, namely distributional and conservation laws. Methodologically, we extend ...
Bertsimas, Dimitris J.
A Queueing Based Scheduling Approach to Plug-In Electric Vehicle Dispatch in Distribution Systems
Large-scale integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) in power systems can cause severe issues to the existing distribution system, such as branch congestions and significant voltage drops. As a consequence, smart charging strategies are crucial for the secure and reliable operation of the power system. This paper tries to achieve high penetration level of PEVs with the existing distribution system infrastructure by proposing a smart charging algorithm that can optimally utilize the distribution system capacity. Specifically, the paper proposes a max-weight PEV dispatch algorithm to control the PEV charging rates, subject to power system physical limits. The proposed max-weight PEV dispatch algorithm is proved to be throughput optimal under very mild assumptions on the stochastic dynamics in the system. This suggests that the costly distribution system infrastructure upgrade can be avoided, or failing that, at least successfully deferred. The proposed PEV dispatch algorithm is particularly attractive in ...
Li, Qiao; Ilic, Marija D
A Generalized Systems Theory for the Effect of Varying Fluctuations on Cloud Droplet Size Distributions
A systems theory has previously been developed by Liu and Hallett to interpret droplet size distributions in turbulent clouds by utilizing ideas from statistical physics and information theory. The present paper generalizes that systems theory to ...
Yangang Liu; Peter H. Daum; John Hallett
Innovative Distributed Power Grid Interconnection and Control Systems: Final Report, December 11, 2000 - August 30, 2005
The contract goal was to further advance distributed generation in the marketplace by making installations more cost-effective and compatible with existing systems. This was achieved by developing innovative grid interconnection and control systems.
DePodesta, K.; Birlingmair, D.; West, R.
Sherlock�a system for diagnosing power distribution ring network faults
This paper reports the development of a software system, SHERLOCK, for fault diagnosis in power distribution ring networks. The system consists of a fault diagnosis subsystem implemented using Prolog and a user interface subsystem developed in the SmallTalk ...
Kit Po Wong; Chi Ping Tsang; Wan Yee Chan
Quasi-parallel network applications in real-time distribution management system
In modern distribution management systems (DMSs), the real-time calculation of the network's state plays an important role for the operation of the network. High sophisticated algorithms for the estimation and calculation of the system's ...
Izudin Dzafic; Hans-Theo Neisius
Economical Analysis of the Cold Air Distribution System: A Case Study
In this paper, we briefly introduce the super cold air distribution technique. By comparing the schemes of two air conditioning systems, including a modified air conditioning system, this paper analyzes the technique parameters and the economics of the cold air distribution system in detail. The detailed analysis includes the air quality, comfort index, initial cost, life cost, static recycle period, and dynamic recycle period. The advantages and trends of super cold air distribution systems in the future are pointed out. The economical analysis and technical comparison is based on real data. The conclusion is useful for the design of super cold air conditioning systems of large shops and office buildings.
Zhou, Z.; Xu, W.; Li, J.; Zhao, J.; Niu, L.
Distribution of Wind Power Forecasting Errors from Operational Systems (Presentation)
This presentation offers new data and statistical analysis of wind power forecasting errors in operational systems.
Hodge, B. M.; Ela, E.; Milligan, M.
Best Practices Guidebook for Integration of Distributed Energy Resources Into Utility System Planning
DTE Energy's real-world experience in applying Distributed Energy Resources (DER) has yielded a number of important lessons, explained in greater detail in this guidebook. The guidebook is designed to help distribution organizations 1) evaluate DER as a potential solution to distribution system capacity shortfalls and 2) implement cost-effective DER installations that enhance system reliability and improve customer service. Following are key points of the lessons learned: Real management support is essen...
Economic Analysis of Building Distributed Energy System (BDES) in the Chinese Different Cities
In this paper, the feasibility and its running mode of Building Distributed Energy System (BDES) are analyzed for large public buildings based on energy tariffs investigated in some Chinese cities and building's load factor-user's heat-to electric ratio. ... Keywords: Energy tariffs, Building Distributed Energy System, Running economy
Yuan Yina, Ruan Yingjun, Liu Qingrong, Zhou Weiguo
Some recent applications of distributed parameter systems theory-A survey
A survey of some recent applications of distributed parameter systems theory is presented. The practical areas discussed range from process control problems in an industrial plant to the identification, monitoring and control of air and water quality ... Keywords: Applications, control, distributed parameter systems, identification, optimal design, state estimation
W. H. Ray
Ad Hoc Distributed Dynamic Data-Driven Simulations of Surface Transportation Systems
An ad hoc distributed dynamic data-driven simulation is a collection of autonomous online simulations brought together to model an operational system. They offer the potential of increased accuracy, responsiveness, and robustness compared to centralized ... Keywords: ad hoc distributed simulation, dynamic data-driven application system, microscopic simulation model, online simulation
Michael Hunter; Hoe Kyoung Kim; Wonho Suh; Richard Fujimoto; Jason Sirichoke; Mahesh Palekar
Feasibility study and roadmap to improve residential hot water distribution systems
dishwashers, not only is the energy wasted by the hot waterwasted heat as water cools down in the distribution system after a draw; and the energywasted heat as water cools down in the distribution system after a draw; and the energy
Lutz, James D.
Application of two ant colony optimisation algorithms to water distribution system optimisation
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are costly infrastructure in terms of materials, construction, maintenance, and energy requirements. Much attention has been given to the application of optimisation methods to minimise the costs associated with such ... Keywords: Ant colony optimisation, Heuristics derived from nature, Optimisation, Water distribution systems
Aaron C. Zecchin; Angus R. Simpson; Holger R. Maier; Michael Leonard; Andrew J. Roberts; Matthew J. Berrisford
Optimum Model-E-GAMS for Distributed Energy System by using GAMS Method
LBNL-57983 Optimum Model-E-GAMS for Distributed Energy System by using GAMS Method Yongwen Yang by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Distributed Energy Program of the U.S. Department Model DER-CAM GAMS 2GAMS GAMS 2 (general) (algebraic) (modeling system) FORTRAN DOfor for
Version-consistent dynamic reconfiguration of component-based distributed systems
There is an increasing demand for the runtime reconfiguration of distributed systems in response to changing environments and evolving requirements. Reconfiguration must be done in a safe and low-disruptive way. In this paper, we propose version consistency ... Keywords: component-based distributed system, dynamic reconfiguration, version-consistency
Xiaoxing Ma; Luciano Baresi; Carlo Ghezzi; Valerio Panzica La Manna; Jian Lu
Secure distribution of events in content-based publish subscribe systems
Content-based publish-subscribe systems are an emerging paradigm for building a range of distributed applications. A specific problem in content-based systems is the secure distribution of events to clients subscribing to those events. In content-based ...
Lukasz Opyrchal; Atul Prakash
ORION: An Adaptive Home-based Software Distributed Shared Memory System
1 ORION: An Adaptive Home-based Software Distributed Shared Memory System M.C. Ng School programs to a distributed environment. Orion implements home-based consistency model. In this paper, we also present 2 adaptive schemes for home-based DSM systems: home migration and dynamic adaptation
Wong, Weng Fai
Mitigation of different type voltage sags in low voltage distribution systems using dynamic voltage restorer
The main problems of the voltage sag in low voltage distribution systems due to sensitive loads. Voltage sags can caused malfunction in the distribution system. In order to protect voltage sags in the network a device which called Dynamic Voltage Restorer ... Keywords: custom device, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), low voltage, power injected, voltage sag
Rosli Omar
Abstract--The distribution system provides major opportunities for smart grid concepts. One way to approach
1 Abstract-- The distribution system provides major opportunities for smart grid concepts. One way blackout [1]. The distribution system provides major opportunities for smart grid concepts. Public policies a high level of robustness. VII. CONCLUSIONS An alternative to smart grid concepts using many DER units
Abstract--Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market applications. The injection shift
1 Abstract-- Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market of the other distribution factors. The line outage distribution factors (LODFs) may be computed using the ISFs distribution factors, line outage distribution factors, multiple-line outages, system security. I. INTRODUCTION
Direct current distribution systems for residential areas powered by distributed generation.
??Power system began its journey with DC power as pioneered by Edison. However, this was soon rivalled by AC power and ultimately DC paradigm found� (more)
Dastgeer, Faizan
A design requirement probability of 0.01 or less in a 4-hour period ensures that the nuclear heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in the primary confinement areas of the Dry Transfer Facilities (DTFs) and Fuel Handling Facility (FHF) is working during a Category 1 drop event involving commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) assemblies (BSC 2004a , Section 18.104.22.168). This corresponds to an hourly HVAC failure rate of 2.5E-3 per hour or less, which is contributed to by two dominant causes: equipment failure and loss of electrical power. Meeting this minimum threshold ensures that a Category 1 initiating event followed by the failure of HVAC is a Category 2 event sequence. The two causes for the loss of electrical power include the loss of offsite power and the loss of onsite power distribution. Thus, in order to meet the threshold requirement aforementioned, the failure rate of mechanical equipment, loss of offsite power, and loss of onsite power distribution must be less than or equal to 2.5E-3 per hour for the nuclear HVAC system in the primary confinement areas of the DTFs and FHF. The loss of offsite power occurs at a frequency of 1.1E-5 per hour (BSC 2004a, Section 22.214.171.124). The purpose of this analysis is to determine the probability of occurrence of the unavailability of the nuclear HVAC system in the primary confinement areas of the DTFs and FHF due to loss of electrical power. In addition, this analysis provides insights on the contribution to the unavailability of the HVAC system due to equipment failure. The scope of this analysis is limited to finding the frequency of loss of electrical power to the nuclear HVAC system in the primary confinement areas of the DTFs and FHF.
N. Ramirez
3 Thermal Distribution Design Load and Electricity Intensities, by Building Activity Education 0.5 1.3 Food Sales 1.1 6.4 Food Service 1.5 6.4 Health Care 1.5 5.6 Lodging 0.5 1.9...
Pipelined Regeneration with Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage Systems
Description of the Domain Apprentice Tasks Capabi Ii ties of the Demonstration System D i a log Speci fic as an expert consul- tant to a human apprentice. Together, the system and the apprentice will be engaged system will gi ve the human apprentice advice about how to diagnose equipment faults , how to repair them
Distributed decision evaluation model in public transportation systems
Due to several external and internal disturbances affecting public transportation systems, some regulation measures have to be undertaken. In the regulation process, the regulator has to evaluate a number of possible decisions in order to determine best ... Keywords: Multi-agent systems, Multicriteria optimization, Pareto optimality, Plurality voting, Public transportation systems, Traffic regulation, a-efficiency
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Distribution Management System Planning Guide: How to Run a Distribution Automation Program
The purpose of this distribution automation (DA) guide is to provide a comprehensive volume from which a DA project manager or project team member faced with making choices about a DA deployment can learn about the key issues, key decision points, and pros and cons of each choice that in the end will lead to a successful outcome. Success, in the case of a DA deployment, is not merely about doing a good job in selecting a vendor, managing a successful proof of concept, running a strong pilot, or even ...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
JAN26 19% JAN26 19% Distribution: OR00 Attn: h.H.M.Roth DFMusser ITMM MMMann INS JCRyan FIw(2) Hsixele SRGustavson, Document rocm Formal file i+a@mmm bav@ ~@esiaw*cp Suppl. file 'Br & Div rf's s/health (lic.only) UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION SPECIAL NUCLEAB MATERIAL LICENSE pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1, P&t 70, "Special Nuclear Material Reg)llatiqm," a license is hereby issued a$hortztng the licensee to rekeive and possess the special nuclear material designated below; to use such special nuclear mat&ial for the purpose(s) and at the place(s) designated below; and to transfer such material to per&s authorized to receive it in accordance with the regula,tions in said Part.
Distributed Forcing of Forecast and Assimilation Error Systems BRIAN F. FARRELL
Distributed Forcing of Forecast and Assimilation Error Systems BRIAN F. FARRELL Division forecast system gov- erning forecast error growth and the tangent linear observer system governing deterministic and stochastic forcings of the forecast and observer systems over a chosen time interval
Farrell, Brian F.
Integrating wind turbines into the Orcas Island distribution system