text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Probability Density Functions of Liquid Water Path and Total Water Content of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds: Implications for Cloud Parameterization
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Mathematical forms of probability density functions (PDFs) of liquid water path (LWP) and total water content for marine boundary layer clouds are investigated using the homogeneity, skewness, and kurtosis of PDFs of LWP obtained from observations ...
Hideaki Kawai; Jo�o Teixeira
Validation of Cloud Liquid Water Path Retrievals from SEVIRI Using One Year of CloudNET Observations
The accuracy and precision are determined of cloud liquid water path (LWP) retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat-8 using 1 yr of LWP retrievals from microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements of ...
R. A. Roebeling; H. M. Deneke; A. J. Feijt
Comparisons of SSM/I Liquid Water Paths with Aircraft Measurements
Comparisons have been made between in situ aircraft measurements of integrated liquid water and retrievals of integrated liquid water path (LWP) from algorithms using SSM/I brightness temperatures. The aircraft measurements were made over the ...
Stewart G. Cober; Andre Tremblay; George A. Isaac
The Role of Eddy Diffusivity Profiles on Stratocumulus Liquid Water Path Biases
Results from simulations of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer with one-dimensional versions of general simulation models typically exhibit a wide range of spread in the modeled liquid water path (LWP). These discrepancies are often ...
Stephan R. de Roode
Spatial Variability of Liquid Water Path in Marine Low Cloud: The Importance of Mesoscale Cellular Convection
Liquid water path (LWP) mesoscale spatial variability in marine low cloud over the eastern subtropical oceans is examined using two months of daytime retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra ...
Robert Wood; Dennis L. Hartmann
Impact of the Vertical Variation of Cloud Droplet Size on the Estimation of Cloud Liquid Water Path and Rain Detection
Cloud droplet effective radius (DER) and liquid water path (LWP) are two key parameters for the quantitative assessment of cloud effects on the exchange of energy and water. Chang and Li presented an algorithm using multichannel measurements made ...
Ruiyue Chen; Fu-Lung Chang; Zhanqing Li; Ralph Ferraro; Fuzhong Weng
Cloud Liquid Water Path from Satellite-Based Passive Microwave Observations: A New Climatology over the Global Oceans
This work describes a new climatology of cloud liquid water path (LWP), termed the University of Wisconsin (UWisc) climatology, derived from 18 yr of satellite-based passive microwave observations over the global oceans. The climatology is based ...
Christopher W. O�Dell; Frank J. Wentz; Ralf Bennartz
An Evaluation of MWR Retrievals of Liquid Water Path
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Evaluation of MWR Retrievals Evaluation of MWR Retrievals of Liquid Water Path and Precipitable Water Vapor R. T. Marchand and T. P. Ackerman Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction This paper offers some observations on the quality of Microwave Radiometer (MWR) retrievals of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP). The paper shows case study comparisons between the standard "statistical" approach and those obtained using an iterative solution of the microwave radiative transfer equations. These examples show how improvements in the retrieval of LWP can be obtained by using an iterative approach, but that possible improvements are limited by the accuracy of the forward model absorption coefficients and errors in the brightness temperature measurements. Each of these effects limits the
Accurate Liquid Water Path Retrieval from Low-Cost Microwave Radiometers Using Additional Information from a Lidar Ceilometer and Operational Forecast Models
Water clouds have an important impact on the radiative balance of the earth. The use of ground-based dual-frequency microwave radiometers to derive both liquid water path (LWP) and water vapor path (WVP) is well established, but uncertainties ...
Nicolas Gaussiat; Robin J. Hogan; Anthony J. Illingworth
MWRRET Value-Added Product: The Retrieval of Liquid Water Path and Precipitable Water Vapor from Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Data Sets (Revision 2)
SciTech Connect
This report provides a short description of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility microwave radiometer (MWR) Retrieval (MWRRET) value-added product (VAP) algorithm. This algorithm utilizes a complementary physical retrieval method and applies brightness temperature offsets to reduce spurious liquid water path (LWP) bias in clear skies resulting in significantly improved precipitable water vapor (PWV) and LWP retrievals. We present a general overview of the technique, input parameters, output products, and describe data quality checks. A more complete discussion of the theory and results is given in Turner et al. (2007b).
Gaustad, KL; Turner, DD; McFarlane, SA
Probability Density Functions of Liquid Water Path and Cloud Amount of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds: Geographical and Seasonal Variations and Controlling Meteorological Factors
The subgrid-scale variability of the liquid water path (LWP) of marine boundary layer clouds in areas that correspond to the typical grid size of large-scale (global climate and weather prediction) atmospheric models (200 km � 200 km) is ...
Equations Governing Space-Time Variability of Liquid Water Path in Stratus Clouds
Equations Governing Space-Time Variability of Equations Governing Space-Time Variability of Liquid Water Path in Stratus Clouds K. Ivanova Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania T. P. Ackerman Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington M. Ausloos University of Liège B-4000 Liège, Belgium Abstract We present a method on how to derive an underlying mathematical (statistical or model free) equation for a liquid water path (LWP) signal directly from empirical data. The evolution of the probability density functions (PDFs) from small to large time scales is explicitly derived in the framework of Fokker-Planck equation. A drift and a diffusion term describing the deterministic and stochastic influences on the non-Gaussian fat tails of the liquid water probability distributions are obtained from
A neural network for real-time retrievals of PWV and LWP from Arctic millimeter-wave ground-based observations.
This paper presents a new neural network (NN) algorithm for real-time retrievals of low amounts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and integrated liquid water from millimeter-wave ground-based observations. Measurements are collected by the 183.3-GHz G-band vapor radiometer (GVR) operating at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Climate Research Facility, Barrow, AK. The NN provides the means to explore the nonlinear regime of the measurements and investigate the physical boundaries of the operability of the instrument. A methodology to compute individual error bars associated with the NN output is developed, and a detailed error analysis of the network output is provided. Through the error analysis, it is possible to isolate several components contributing to the overall retrieval errors and to analyze the dependence of the errors on the inputs. The network outputs and associated errors are then compared with results from a physical retrieval and with the ARM two-channel microwave radiometer (MWR) statistical retrieval. When the NN is trained with a seasonal training data set, the retrievals of water vapor yield results that are comparable to those obtained from a traditional physical retrieval, with a retrieval error percentage of {approx}5% when the PWV is between 2 and 10 mm, but with the advantages that the NN algorithm does not require vertical profiles of temperature and humidity as input and is significantly faster computationally. Liquid water path (LWP) retrievals from the NN have a significantly improved clear-sky bias (mean of {approx}2.4 g/m{sup 2}) and a retrieval error varying from 1 to about 10 g/m{sup 2} when the PWV amount is between 1 and 10 mm. As an independent validation of the LWP retrieval, the longwave downwelling surface flux was computed and compared with observations. The comparison shows a significant improvement with respect to the MWR statistical retrievals, particularly for LWP amounts of less than 60 g/m{sup 2}.
Cadeddu, M. P.; Turner, D. D.; Liljegren, J. C.; Decision and Information Sciences; Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison
Comparison of Cloud Fraction and Liquid Water Path between ECMWF simulations and ARM long-term Observations at the NSA Site
this poster, seasonal and annual variations of this poster, seasonal and annual variations of cloudiness and liquid water path (LWP) from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model were compared with surface measurement from the ARM Climate Research Facility (ARCF) North Slope of Alaska ( N S A ) s i t e b e t we e n J a n u a r y 1 9 9 9 and December 2004. ● Model simulated large scale features match well with observations. ● There are significant differences in cloud vertical and temporal distributions and in the magnitude. FIG. 1: Time-height display of cloud fraction from model simulations and observations in September 1999. ● Model overestimates high clouds, especially in warm seasons. ● Model makes close estimation for middle clouds. ● Model underestimates low clouds in warm seasons, especially in
Word Pro - S2.lwp
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006 By Selected End Use¹ By Energy Source 48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu). 2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water. 3 Excludes coal coke and breeze. 4 Liquefied petroleum gases. 5 Natural gas liquids. (s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu. Source: Table 2.3. 3.3 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 (s) Process Heating Machine Drive Facility HVAC² Process Cooling and Refrigeration Electrochemical Processes Facility Lighting Conventional Electricity Generation 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Quadrillion Btu 5.5 2.9 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal³ Residual Fuel Oil Distillate
Determining Cloud Ice Water Path from High-Frequency Microwave...
Determining Cloud Ice Water Path from High-Frequency Microwave Measurements G. Liu Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida Introduction A better...
ARM - PI Product - Large Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content
ProductsLarge Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water ProductsLarge Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send PI Product : Large Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content Site(s) SGP TWP General Description Cloud ice water concentration is one of the most important, yet poorly observed, cloud properties. Developing physical parameterizations used in general circulation models through single-column modeling is one of the key foci of the ARM program. In addition to the vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor and condensed water at the model grids, large-scale horizontal advective tendencies of these variables are also required as forcing terms in the single-column models. Observed horizontal advection of condensed water has not been available because the
Entrainment Rate, Cloud Fraction, and Liquid Water Path of PBL Stratocumulus Clouds
The large eddy simulation technique is used to search for key factors in determining the entrainment rate, cloud fraction, and liquid water path in the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL), with the goal of developing simple schemes of ...
Chin-Hoh Moeng
A Comparison of Several Radiometric Methods of Deducing Path-Integrated Cloud Liquid Water
Using radiometer data collected during the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program, we have investigated five different methods of estimating the path-integrated, or columnar, cloud liquid water. The methods consist of one- and two-channel physical ...
Chong Wei; H. G. Leighton; R. R. Rogers
Solar Water Heater Roadmap Leads Path to Market Expansion (Fact...
Innovative strategy to reduce installed cost of solar water heater systems can rival conventional natural gas water heaters in the marketplace. Researchers in the Residential...
ARM - Evaluation Product - MWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water
ProductsMWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and ProductsMWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water Vapor Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Evaluation Product : MWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water Vapor 2005.02.01 - 2011.04.25 Site(s) FKB GRW HFE NIM PYE SBS General Description A new algorithm is being developed for the ARM Program to derive liquid water path (LWP) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the 2-channel (23.8 and 31.4 GHz) microwave radiometers (MWRs) deployed at ARM climate research facilities. This algorithm utilizes the "monoRTM" radiative transfer model (http://rtweb.aer.com), a combination of both an advanced statistical and physical-iterative retrieval, and brightness temperature offsets applied before the retrieval is performed. This allows perhaps the
Determination of Ice Water Path Over the ARM SGP Using Combined Surface and Satellite Datasets
Determination of Ice Water Path Over the ARM SGP Using Determination of Ice Water Path Over the ARM SGP Using Combined Surface and Satellite Datasets J. Huang, M. M. Khaiyer, and P. W. Heck Analytical Services & Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia P. Minnis and B. Lin Atmospheric Sciences National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia T.-F. Fan Science Applications International Corporation Hampton, Virginia Introduction Global information of cloud ice water path (IWP) is urgently needed for testing of global climate models (GCMs) and other applications. Accurate quantification of the IWP is essential for characterizing the hydrological and radiation budget. For example, the reflection of shortwave radiation by ice clouds reduces the solar energy reaching the earth's surface. Ice clouds can also trap the longwave radiation
Ground-Based Microwave Study of LWP Spatial Anisotropy in Winter Clouds
Ground-Based Microwave Study of LWP Spatial Ground-Based Microwave Study of LWP Spatial Anisotropy in Winter Clouds A. V. Koldaev, E. A. Miller, V. E. Kadygrov, and A. I. Gusev Central Aerological Observatory Moscow, Russia A. V. Troitsky Radio Physics Institute of Nigny Novgorod, Russia W. Strapp Meteorological Service of Canada Cloud Physics Research Division Ottawa, Canada Introduction The role of horizontal anisotropy of the cloud field in the radiation transfer is under investigation of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) science team since the beginning of the program. It was recognized within last few years that the inhomogeneity of clouds could lead to large errors in heat fluxes calculations. It was calculated and experimentally proved (Gorchakova, Golitsyn et al. 2001) that
Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans
The relationship between water vapor path W and surface precipitation rate P over tropical oceanic regions is analyzed using 4 yr of gridded daily SSM/I satellite microwave radiometer data. A tight monthly mean relationship P (mm day?1) = exp[...
Christopher S. Bretherton; Matthew E. Peters; Larissa E. Back
Water Vapor Cross-Sensitivity of Open Path H2O/CO2 Sensors
When measuring the flux of CO2 with an open-path infrared absorption sensor, cross-sensitivity by water vapor is a source of concern. This is particularly true if the flux is small, such as over the sea. In this paper some possible mechanisms for ...
W. Kohsiek
Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Water Vapor Radiometers for Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path Estimates
Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Water Vapor Radiometers for Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path Estimates V. Mattioli and P. Basili Department of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Perugia Perugia, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado Introduction In recent years the Global Positioning System (GPS) has proved to be a reliable instrument for measuring precipitable water vapor (PWV) (Bevis et al. 1992), offering an independent source of information on water vapor when compared with microwave radiometers (MWRs), and/or radiosonde
Validation of Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using ARM SGP Microwave Radiometers
Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using ARM SGP Microwave Radiometers M. M. Khaiyer and J. Huang Analytical Services & Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia P. Minnis, B. Lin, and W. L. Smith, Jr. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia A. Fan Science Applications International Corporation Hampton, Virginia A. Rapp Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Introduction Satellites are useful for monitoring climatological parameters over large domains. They are especially useful for measuring various cloud microphysical and radiative parameters where ground-based instruments are not available. The geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) has been used to retrieve cloud and radiative properties over an extended domain centered on the Atmospheric
Toward a Standard Procedure for Validation of Satellite-Derived Cloud Liquid Water Path: A Study with SEVIRI Data
Differences between satellite-derived and ground-based values of cloud liquid water path (LWPsat and LWPgr, respectively) in validation studies are partly associated with the validation itself, in particular with scale differences and parallax. ...
W. Greuell; R. A. Roebeling
Retrieval of cloud properties using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part II: effective diameter and ice water path
The paper describes the version 3 Level 2 operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data collected in the framework of the CALIPSO mission to retrieve cirrus cloud effective diameter and ice water path in synergy with the ...
Anne Garnier; Jacques Pelon; Philippe Dubuisson; Ping Yang; Micha�l Faivre; Olivier Chomette; Nicolas Pascal; Pat Lucker; Tim Murray
Final Scientific/Technical Report. A closed path methane and water vapor gas analyzer
Robust, economical, low-power and reliable closed-path methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O) analyzers suitable for long-term measurements are not readily available commercially. Such analyzers are essential for quantifying the amount of CH4 and CO2 released from various ecosystems (wetlands, rice paddies, forests, etc.) and other surface contexts (e.g. landfills, animal husbandry lots, etc.), and for understanding the dynamics of the atmospheric CH4 and CO2 budget and their impact on climate change and global warming. The purpose of this project is to develop a closed-path methane, carbon dioxide gas and water vapor analyzer capable of long-term measurements in remote areas for global climate change and environmental research. The analyzer will be capable of being deployed over a wide range of ecosystems to understand methane and carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and the surface. Measurements of methane and carbon dioxide exchange need to be made all year-round with limited maintenance requirements. During this Phase II effort, we successfully completed the design of the electronics, optical bench, trace gas detection method and mechanical infrastructure. We are using the technologies of two vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, a multiple-pass Herriott optical cell, wavelength modulation spectroscopy and direct absorption to measure methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. We also have designed the instrument application software, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), along with partial completion of the embedded software. The optical bench has been tested in a lab setting with very good results. Major sources of optical noise have been identified and through design, the optical noise floor is approaching -60dB. Both laser modules can be temperature controlled to help maximize the stability of the analyzer. Additionally, a piezo electric transducer has been utilized to randomize the noise introduced from potential etalons. It is expected that all original specifications contained within the initial proposal will be met. We are currently in the beginning stages of assembling the first generation prototypes and finalizing the remaining design elements. The first prototypes will initially be tested in our environmental calibration chamber in which specific gas concentrations, temperature and humidity levels can be controlled. Once operation in this controlled setting is verified, the prototypes will be deployed at LI-COR�?¢�?�?�?�?s Experimental Research Station (LERS). Deployment at the LERS site will test the instrument�?¢�?�?�?�?s robustness in a real-world situation.
Liukang, Xu; Dayle, McDermitt; Tyler, Anderson; Brad, Riensche; Anatoly, Komissarov; Julie, Howe
ARM - PI Product - MWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water Vapor
govDataPI Data ProductsMWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water govDataPI Data ProductsMWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water Vapor Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send PI Product : MWR Retrievals of Cloud Liquid Water and Water Vapor 2005.02.01 - 2011.04.25 Site(s) FKB GRW HFE NIM PYE SBS General Description A new algorithm is being developed for the ARM Program to derive liquid water path (LWP) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the 2-channel (23.8 and 31.4 GHz) microwave radiometers (MWRs) deployed at ARM climate research facilities. This algorithm utilizes the "monoRTM" radiative transfer model (http://rtweb.aer.com), a combination of both an advanced statistical and physical-iterative retrieval, and brightness temperature offsets applied before the retrieval is performed. This allows perhaps the
Evaluation of the Daylight Cycle of Model-Predicted Cloud Amount and Condensed Water Path over Europe with Observations from MSG SEVIRI
The evaluation of the diurnal cycle of cloud amount (CA) and cloud condensed water path (CWP) as predicted by climate models receives relatively little attention, mostly because of the lack of observational data capturing the diurnal cycle of ...
R. A. Roebeling; E. van Meijgaard
Solar Water Heater Roadmap Leads Path to Market Expansion (Fact Sheet)
Innovative strategy to reduce installed cost of solar water heater systems can rival conventional natural gas water heaters in the marketplace.
Not Available
The Temperature Dependence of the Liquid Water Path of Low Clouds in the Southern Great Plains
Satellite observations of low-level clouds have challenged the idea that increasing liquid water content with temperature combined with constant physical thickness will lead to a negative cloud optics feedback in a decadal climate change. The ...
Anthony D. Del Genio; Audrey B. Wolf
Water Vapor Transport Paths and Accumulation during Widespread Snowfall Events in Northeastern China
This study aims to identify the distinct characteristics of water vapor transport (WVT) and its role in supplying moisture for widespread snowfall (WS) events in northeastern China (NEC). Fifty WS events in NEC were selected based on cumulative ...
Bo Sun; Huijun Wang
Path 15
Operations > Transmission Planning > Path 15 Path 15 Pictures and Videos Jan 04 Feb 04 Mar 04 Apr 04 May 04 Jun 04 Jul 04 Aug 04 Mar 06 Path 15 is an 84-mile stretch of electrical...
Relative Humidity Effect on the High-Frequency Attenuation of Water Vapor Flux Measured by a Closed-Path Eddy Covariance System
In this study the high-frequency loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) fluxes, measured by a closed-path eddy covariance system, were studied, and the related correction factors through the cospectral transfer function method were ...
Ivan Mammarella; Samuli Launiainen; Tiia Gronholm; Petri Keronen; Jukka Pumpanen; �llar Rannik; Timo Vesala
Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path from Scanning Microwave Radiometers During the 2003 Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment
Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path from Scanning Microwave Radiometers During the 2003 Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment V. Mattioli Department of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Perugia Perugia, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado V. Morris Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) are widely used to measure atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid path (CLP). Comparisons of PWV derived from MWRs with water vapor retrievals from instruments like radiosondes, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Raman
Slide 1
Effects on Effects on Liquid-Water Path of Thin Stratocumulus Clouds Seoung-Soo Lee (University of Michigan) Joyce E. Penner (University of Michigan) Stephen M. Saleeby (Colorado State University) Motivation International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) reports that thin clouds with liquid-water path (LWP) of ~ 50 g m -2 cover 28 % of the globe. Top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface (SFC) radiative flux variations become very sensitive to the LWP variation for LWP smaller than ~ 50 g m -2 [Turner et al., 2007]. Sensitivity of the Radiation Variation to the LWP Variation Aerosols modify the LWP and thus aerosol-cloud interactions in thin clouds can play an important role in global radiation budget. From Turner et al. (2007) Longwave Shortwave Blue: Mid-Latitude Standard Winter Atmosphere
PowerPoint Presentation
effects on liquid water path of stratiform effects on liquid water path of stratiform clouds under contrasting humidity Seoung-Soo Lee and Joyce E. Penner The university of Michigan 1. Simulations Email: email@example.com Phone: (734) 647-5401 To examine the sensitivity of aerosol effects on the LWP to environmental humidity, two sets of simulations are performed. The first set of simulations with high humidity (~ 80 %) around the top of the PBL is referred to as WET and the second set with low humidity (~40%) as DRY. Each set of simulations is composed of high- and low-aerosol runs. Table 2 shows comparisons of the simulated LWP to the MODIS-observed LWP. The difference is within ~ 5 % relative to the MODIS LWP, demonstrating that the simulations are reasonably good. The LWP at high aerosol in WET (DRY) is higher
Design of a Shadowband Spectral Radiometer for the Retrieval of Thin Cloud Optical Depth, Liquid Water Path, and the Effective Radius
The design and operation of a Thin-Cloud Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (TCRSR) described here was used to measure the radiative intensity of the solar aureole and enable the simultaneous retrieval of cloud optical depth, drop effective radius, and liquid water path. The instrument consists of photodiode sensors positioned beneath two narrow metal bands that occult the sun by moving alternately from horizon to horizon. Measurements from the narrowband 415-nm channel were used to demonstrate a retrieval of the cloud properties of interest. With the proven operation of the relatively inexpensive TCRSR instrument, its usefulness for retrieving aerosol properties under cloud-free skies and for ship-based observations is discussed.
Bartholomew M. J.; Reynolds, R. M.; Vogelmann, A. M.; Min, Q.; Edwards, R.; Smith, S.
Understanding the Importance of Microphysics and Macrophysics for Warm Rain in Marine Low Clouds. Part I: Satellite Observations
The importance of macrophysical variables [cloud thickness, liquid water path (LWP)] and microphysical variables (effective radius re, effective droplet concentration Neff) on warm drizzle intensity and frequency across the tropics and subtropics ...
Terence L. Kubar; Dennis L. Hartmann; Robert Wood
Drizzle in Stratiform Boundary Layer Clouds. Part I: Vertical and Horizontal Structure
Detailed observations of stratiform boundary layer clouds on 12 days are examined with specific reference to drizzle formation processes. The clouds differ considerably in mean thickness, liquid water path (LWP), and droplet concentration. Cloud-...
R. Wood
ARM - Publications: Science Team Meeting Documents
path (LWP) data from the microwave water radiometer (MWR) at the central facility of the Oklahoma Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site was analyzed by Wiscombe et al. (1995)....
Importance of Accurate Liquid Water Path for Estimation of Solar Radiation in Warm Boundary Layer Clouds: An Observational Study
A 1-yr observational study of overcast boundary layer stratus at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site illustrates that surface radiation has a higher sensitivity to cloud liquid water ...
Manajit Sengupta; Eugene E. Clothiaux; Thomas P. Ackerman; Seiji Kato; Qilong Min
An Open Path, Fast Response IR Spectrometer for Simultaneous Detection of C02 and Water Vapor Fluctuations
A fast response C02 and water vapor (H2O) analyzer was developed in this study for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence fluctuations and, in conjunction with a fast response anemometer, transport of these entities. High speed and high ...
M. J. Heikinheimo; G. W. Thurtell; G. E. Kidd
Relationship between Ice Water Path and Downward Longwave Radiation for Clouds Optically Thin in the Infrared: Observations and Model Calculations
A vertically pointing 3.2-cm radar is used to observe altostratus and cirrus clouds as they pass overhead. Radar reflectivities are used in combination with an empirical Zi-IWC (ice water content) relationship developed by Sassen (1987) to ...
Taneil Uttal; Sergey Y. Matrosov; Jack B. Snider; Robert A. Kropfli
Loveland Water & Power - Home Energy Audit Rebate Program (Colorado) |
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Loveland Water & Power - Home Energy Audit Rebate Program Loveland Water & Power - Home Energy Audit Rebate Program (Colorado) Loveland Water & Power - Home Energy Audit Rebate Program (Colorado) < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Design & Remodeling Windows, Doors, & Skylights Ventilation Manufacturing Heating Heat Pumps Insulation Maximum Rebate $500 Program Info State Colorado Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount 50% of the cost up to $500 Loveland Water and Power (LWP) is providing an incentive for customers living in single-family detached homes or attached townhouses that wish to upgrade the energy efficiency of eligible homes. Customers can schedule a
Microsoft Word - li_z.doc
Impact of the Vertical Variation of Cloud Droplet Size Impact of the Vertical Variation of Cloud Droplet Size on the Estimation of Cloud Liquid Water Path and Its Potential for Rain Detection Z. Li, R. Chen, and F-L Chang Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Introduction Liquid water path (LWP) is an important cloud microphysical property that determines the climatic effects of boundary layer clouds. Satellites provide the only means of acquiring global and long-term LWP estimates. The LWP is estimated from satellite measurements of either microwave radiation emitted by the cloud or visible/near infrared (NIR) solar reflectance from the cloud. LWP can be retrieved from the microwave signature emitted by cloud droplets. Microwave retrievals of
Word Pro - S1.lwp
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Monthly Energy Review December 2013 Monthly Energy Review December 2013 Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source (Quadrillion Btu) Imports Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Petroleum Biofuels c Electricity Total Crude Oil a Petroleum Products b Total 1950 Total ...................... 0.009 0.011 0.000 1.056 0.830 1.886 NA 0.007 1.913 1955 Total ...................... .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1960 Total ...................... .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1965 Total ...................... .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1970 Total ...................... .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1975 Total ...................... .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1980 Total ...................... .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 1985 Total
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars Costs, 1960-2012 Costs, August 2013 Residential Electricity, a Monthly Motor Gasoline, a Monthly Residential Natural Gas, a Monthly 14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Residential Heating Oil b 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Dollars per Million Btu Residential Electricity a Motor Gasoline a Residential Natural Gas a J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 2 4 6 8 Dollars per Kilowatthour 2011 2012 2013 Electricity a 15.68 12.59 6.89 Residential Motor Residential 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Dollars per Million Btu Gasoline a Natural Gas a J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 Dollars per Gallon 2011 2012 2013 J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 2 4 6 8 10 Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet 2011 2012 2013 a Includes taxes. b Excludes taxes.
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu) By Major Source, 1949-2012 By Major Source, Monthly Total, January-August By Major Source, August 2013 . 32 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 2011 2012 2013 Nuclear Electric Power Natural Gas Petroleum Renewable Energy Coal Renewable Energy Natural Gas 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 Nuclear Electric Power Petroleum Coal 26.971 26.079 25.936 2011 2012 2013 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1.575 0.917 0.747 0.363 0.024 Coal Petroleum 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Nuclear Electric Power Natural Gas Renewable
5 5 Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu) Primary Consumption a Electricity Retail Sales d Electrical System Energy Losses e Total Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy b Total Primary Coal Natural Gas c Petro- leum Total Geo- thermal Solar/ PV Bio- mass Total 1950 Total .................... 1,261 1,240 1,322 3,824 NA NA 1,006 1,006 4,829 246 913 5,989 1955 Total .................... 867 2,198 1,767 4,833 NA NA 775 775 5,608 438 1,232 7,278 1960 Total .................... 585 3,212 2,227 6,024 NA NA 627 627 6,651 687 1,701 9,039 1965 Total .................... 352 4,028 2,432 6,811 NA NA 468 468 7,279 993 2,367 10,639 1970 Total .................... 209 4,987 2,725 7,922 NA NA 401 401 8,322 1,591 3,852 13,766 1975 Total .................... 63 5,023 2,479 7,564 NA NA
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2012 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2012 (Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar) Note: See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. Source: Table 1.7. 16 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product Energy Consumption Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP Petroleum and Natural Gas Other Energy a Total Petroleum and Natural Gas Other Energy a Total Quadrillion Btu Billion Chained (2009) Dollars Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollar 1950 ............................ 19.284 15.332 34.616 2,181.9 8.84 7.03 15.86 1955
a a Primary Energy Imports and Exports (Quadrillion Btu) Imports by Source, 1949-2012 Exports by Source, 1949-2012 Imports by Source, Monthly Exports by Major Source, Monthly a Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. b Includes coal coke. Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. 8 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Natural Gas Petroleum Other a 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Petroleum Electricity Coal b Natural Gas J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Petroleum J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Natural Gas Coal b Petroleum Natural Gas
Selected years of data from 1949 through 1972 have been added to this table. For all years of data from 1949 through 2013, see the "Web Page" cited above. Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports (Quadrillion Btu) Exports Net Imports a Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Petroleum Biofuels d Electricity Total Total Crude Oil b Petroleum Products c Total 1950 Total ...................... 0.786 0.010 0.027 0.202 0.440 0.642 NA 0.001 1.465 0.448 1955 Total ...................... 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 NA .002 2.286 .504 1960 Total ...................... 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 NA .003 1.477 2.710 1965 Total ...................... 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 NA .013 1.829 4.063 1970 Total ...................... 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 NA
Word Pro - S11.lwp
1 1 Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World (Thousand Barrels per Day) Persian Gulf Nations b Selected Non-OPEC a Producers Total Non- OPEC a World Canada China Egypt Mexico Norway Former U.S.S.R. Russia United Kingdom United States 1973 Average .................... 20,668 1,798 1,090 165 465 32 8,324 NA 2 9,208 26,018 55,679 1975 Average .................... 18,934 1,430 1,490 235 705 189 9,523 NA 12 8,375 27,039 52,828 1980 Average .................... 17,961 1,435 2,114 595 1,936 486 11,706 NA 1,622 8,597 34,175 59,558 1985 Average .................... 9,630 1,471 2,505 887 2,745 773 11,585 NA 2,530 8,971 38,598 53,965 1990 Average .................... 15,278 1,553 2,774 873 2,553 1,630 10,975 NA 1,820 7,355 37,999 60,497 1995 Average ....................
Consumption by Sector Consumption by Sector Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric power sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of elec- tricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these losses occur at steam-electric power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steam- electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. In addition to conversion losses, other losses include power plant use of electricity,
Word Pro - Perspectives.lwp
7 7 xix Energy Perspectives 18.97 in 1970 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Quadrillion Btu The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point, the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2007, net imported energy accounted for 29 percent of all energy consumed. Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview Overview Exports Production Imports Consumption 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 Thousand Btu per Chained (2000) Dolla Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth of the Nation's output of goods and services trended down. The decline resulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the econ-
Annual Energy Review 2009 Annual Energy Review 2009 xix 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Quadrillion Btu The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point, the Nation began to import more energy to meet its needs. In 2009, net imported energy accounted for 24 percent of all energy consumed. Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview Energy Perspectives Overview Exports Production Imports Consumption 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dolla Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth of the Nation's output of goods and services trended down. The decline resulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the econ-
Word Pro - S3.lwp
blended into motor gasoline. e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility...
Word Pro - S9.lwp
Average Retail Prices of Electricity (Cents a per Kilowatthour) By Sector, 1960-2012 By Sector, Monthly Total, January-June By Sector, June 2013 126 U.S. Energy Information...
of Petroleum Products to End Users (Dollars a per Gallon, Excluding Taxes) Finished Motor Gasoline b Finished Aviation Gasoline Kerosene- Type Jet Fuel Kerosene No. 2 Fuel...
Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale (Dollars a per Gallon, Excluding Taxes) Finished Motor Gasoline b Finished Aviation Gasoline Kerosene- Type Jet Fuel Kerosene No. 2 Fuel...
Coal 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Renewable Energy J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D...
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Petroleum Natural Gas Renewable Energy J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D...
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 1 2 3 4 5 Electricity a Natural Gas Petroleum Coal Renewable Energy 2011 2012 2013 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M...
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 3 6 9 12 Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity a Renewable Energy J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D...
Word Pro - S7.lwp
Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c) Coal a Petroleum Natural Gas f Other Gases g Biomass Other j Distillate Fuel Oil b Residual Fuel Oil c Other Liquids d Petroleum Coke e...
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector Coal, 1949-2012 Total Petroleum, 1949-2012 Coal, Monthly Total Petroleum, Monthly 106 U.S. Energy Information Administration ...
Petroleum Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources United States Table 3.1. All Other Countries and World, Annual Data 1973-1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International...
Word Pro - S8.lwp
Nuclear Energy Overview Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2012 Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2012 Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Capacity Factor, Monthly...
Barrels per Day) France Germany a Italy United Kingdom OECD Europe b Canada Japan South Korea United States Other OECD c OECD d World 1973 Average ... 2,601 3,324...
0.082 0.172 0.597 0.183 1.794 France Germany Italy United Kingdom Canada Japan South Korea United States 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 May 2012 May 2013 Note: OECD...
1.501 2.311 4.353 2.213 18.707 France Germany Italy United Kingdom Canada Japan South Korea United States 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 May 2012 May 2013 Note: OECD is the Organization for...
Barrels) France Germany a Italy United Kingdom OECD Europe b Canada Japan South Korea United States Other OECD c OECD d 1973 Year ... 201 181 152 156...
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source (Quadrillion Btu) Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Renewable Energy a Total f Coal Natural Gas b Petro- leum c Total d Hydro-...
Energy Overview (Quadrillion Btu) Production Trade Stock Change and Other d Consumption Fossil Fuels a Nuclear Electric Power Renew- able Energy b Total Imports Exports Net...
6.238 1.544 1.790 0.502 3.350 2.975 2.630 1.400 2.580 1.200 10.020 2.820 2.300 Canada China Egypt Mexico Norway Russia United Kingdom United States Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran...
65,140 18.0 E 89.2 July ... 104 E 101.564 69,129 16.6 E 91.5 August ... 104 E 101.673 69,602 17.6 E 92.0 September...
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division Census Divisions August Cumulative January through August Normal a 2012 2013 Percent Change Normal a 2012 2013 Percent Change Normal to 2013...
1,880 7,624 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 -105 529 19,761 2003 Average ... R 4,675 974 R 5,649 1,719 R 7,369 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 56 R 509 20,034 2004 Average...
data are for petroleum products and preparations. c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity. Notes: * Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. * See Note,...
Word Pro - S4.lwp
Glossary. 2 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia, and Washington. Notes: * See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. * Data...
9 9 Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu) Primary Consumption a Elec- tricity Retail Sales g Electrical System Energy Losses h Total e Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy b Total Primary Coal Natural Gas c Petro- leum d Total e Hydro- electric Power f Geo- thermal Solar/ PV Wind Bio- mass Total 1950 Total .................... 5,781 3,546 3,960 13,288 69 NA NA NA 532 602 13,890 500 1,852 16,241 1955 Total .................... 5,620 4,701 5,123 15,434 38 NA NA NA 631 669 16,103 887 2,495 19,485 1960 Total .................... 4,543 5,973 5,766 16,277 39 NA NA NA 680 719 16,996 1,107 2,739 20,842 1965 Total .................... 5,127 7,339 6,813 19,260 33 NA NA NA 855 888 20,148 1,463 3,487 25,098 1970 Total .................... 4,656 9,536 7,776 21,911 34 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 22,964 1,948 4,716 29,628 1975 Total ....................
a a World Crude Oil Production Overview (Million Barrels per Day) World Production, 1973-2012 World Production, Monthly Selected Producers, 1973-2012 Selected Producers, Monthly 148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 United States 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Non-OPEC J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0 20 40 60 80 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 20 40 60 80 Non-OPEC World 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 3 6 9 12 OPEC J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0 3 6 9 12 0 World United States Russia Persian Gulf Nations OPEC Saudi Arabia China Persian Gulf Nations Russia Iran China Saudi Arabia Iran Notes: * OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. * The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from
6 6 xix Energy Perspectives 18.97 in 1970 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Quadrillion Btu The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point, the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2006, net imported energy accounted for 30 percent of all energy consumed. Figure 1. Energy Overview Overview Exports Production Imports Consumption 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 Thousand Btu per Chained (2000) Dolla Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth of the Nation's output of goods and services trended down. The decline resulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the econ-
29 29 Table 9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants (Dollars a per Million Btu, Including Taxes) Coal Petroleum Natural Gas e All Fossil Fuels f Residual Fuel Oil b Distillate Fuel Oil c Petroleum Coke Total d 1973 Average .................... 0.41 0.79 NA NA 0.80 0.34 0.48 1975 Average .................... .81 2.01 NA NA 2.02 .75 1.04 1980 Average .................... 1.35 4.27 NA NA 4.35 2.20 1.93 1985 Average .................... 1.65 4.24 NA NA 4.32 3.44 2.09 1990 Average .................... 1.45 3.32 5.38 .80 3.35 2.32 1.69 1995 Average .................... 1.32 2.59 3.99 .65 2.57 1.98 1.45 2000 Average .................... 1.20 4.29 6.65 .58 4.18 4.30 1.74 2001 Average .................... 1.23 3.73 6.30 .78 3.69 4.49 1.73 2002 Average g ................... 1.25 3.73 5.34 .78 3.34 3.56
Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries (Dollars a per Barrel) Selected Countries Persian Gulf Nations b Total OPEC c Total Non-OPEC c Angola Colombia Mexico Nigeria Saudi Arabia United Kingdom Venezuela 1973 Average d ................. W W - 7.81 3.25 - 5.39 3.68 5.43 4.80 1975 Average .................. 10.97 - 11.44 11.82 10.87 - 11.04 10.88 11.34 10.62 1980 Average .................. 33.45 W 31.06 35.93 28.17 34.36 24.81 28.92 32.21 32.85 1985 Average .................. 26.30 - 25.33 28.04 22.04 27.64 23.64 23.31 25.67 25.96 1990 Average .................. 20.23 20.75 19.26 22.46 20.36 23.43 19.55 18.54 20.40 20.32 1995 Average .................. 16.58 16.73 15.64 17.40 W 16.94 13.86 W 15.36 16.02 2000 Average .................. 27.90 29.04 25.39 28.70
7 7 Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity (Cents a per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes) Residential Commercial b Industrial c Transportation d Other e Total 1960 Average ...................... 2.60 2.40 1.10 NA 1.90 1.80 1965 Average ...................... 2.40 2.20 1.00 NA 1.80 1.70 1970 Average ...................... 2.20 2.10 1.00 NA 1.80 1.70 1975 Average ...................... 3.50 3.50 2.10 NA 3.10 2.90 1980 Average ...................... 5.40 5.50 3.70 NA 4.80 4.70 1985 Average ...................... 7.39 7.27 4.97 NA 6.09 6.44 1990 Average ...................... 7.83 7.34 4.74 NA 6.40 6.57 1995 Average ...................... 8.40 7.69 4.66 NA 6.88 6.89 2000 Average ...................... 8.24 7.43 4.64 NA 6.56 6.81 2001 Average ...................... 8.58 7.92 5.05 NA 7.20 7.29 2002 Average ......................
1 1 Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries (Dollars a per Barrel) Selected Countries Persian Gulf Nations b Total OPEC c Total Non-OPEC c Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Nigeria Saudi Arabia United Kingdom Venezuela 1973 Average d ............... W 5.33 W - 9.08 5.37 - 5.99 5.91 6.85 5.64 1975 Average ................ 11.81 12.84 - 12.61 12.70 12.50 - 12.36 12.64 12.70 12.70 1980 Average ................ 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 37.15 29.80 35.68 25.92 30.59 33.56 33.99 1985 Average ................ 27.39 25.71 - 25.63 28.96 24.72 28.36 24.43 25.50 26.86 26.53 1990 Average ................ 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 23.33 21.82 22.65 20.31 20.55 21.23 20.98 1995 Average ................ 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.25 16.84 17.91 14.81 16.78 16.61 16.95 2000 Average ................ 29.57 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.04
9 9 Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary (Dollars a per Barrel) Domestic First Purchase Price c F.O.B. Cost of Imports d Landed Cost of Imports e Refiner Acquisition Cost b Domestic Imported Composite 1950 Average .................. 2.51 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 Average .................. 2.77 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 Average .................. 2.88 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 Average .................. 2.86 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 Average .................. 3.18 NA NA E 3.46 E 2.96 E 3.40 1975 Average .................. 7.67 11.18 12.70 8.39 13.93 10.38 1980 Average .................. 21.59 32.37 33.67 24.23 33.89 28.07 1985 Average .................. 24.09 25.84 26.67 26.66 26.99 26.75 1990 Average .................. 20.03 20.37 21.13 22.59 21.76 22.22 1995 Average
1 1 Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector (Billion Cubic Feet) End-Use Sectors Electric Power Sector f,g Total Resi- dential Com- mercial a Industrial Transportation Lease and Plant Fuel Other Industrial Total Pipelines d and Dis- tribution e Vehicle Fuel Total CHP b Non-CHP c Total 1950 Total .................... 1,198 388 928 h ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 629 5,767 1955 Total .................... 2,124 629 1,131 h ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,153 8,694 1960 Total .................... 3,103 1,020 1,237 h ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,725 11,967 1965 Total .................... 3,903 1,444 1,156 h ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,321 15,280 1970 Total .................... 4,837 2,399 1,399 h ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,932 21,139 1975 Total .................... 4,924 2,508 1,396 h ( ) 6,968 6,968
69 69 Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview (Billion Cubic Feet) Gross With- drawals a Marketed Production (Wet) b Extraction Loss c Dry Gas Production d Supple- mental Gaseous Fuels e Trade Net Storage With- drawals f Balancing Item g Consump- tion h Imports Exports Net Imports 1950 Total .................... 8,480 i 6,282 260 i 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 -54 -175 5,767 1955 Total .................... 11,720 i 9,405 377 i 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 -68 -247 8,694 1960 Total .................... 15,088 i 12,771 543 i 12,228 NA 156 11 144 -132 -274 11,967 1965 Total .................... 17,963 i 16,040 753 i 15,286 NA 456 26 430 -118 -319 15,280 1970 Total .................... 23,786 i 21,921 906 i 21,014 NA 821 70 751 -398 -228 21,139 1975 Total .................... 21,104 i 20,109 872 i 19,236 NA 953 73 880 -344 -235 19,538 1980 Total
Merchandise Trade Value (Billion Dollars a ) Imports and Exports, 1974-2012 Imports and Exports, Monthly Trade Balance, 1974-2012 Trade Balance, Monthly a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. S ee "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. Source: Table 1.5. 12 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Energy Exports 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0 50 100 150 200 250 2011 2012 2013 Total Imports Total Exports Energy Imports Total Imports Total Exports Energy Imports Energy Exports 2011 2012 2013 J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND -100 -75 -50 -25 0 -100 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
. International . International Petroleum Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview (Million Barrels per Day) World Production, 1973-2012 World Production, Monthly Selected Producers, 1973-2012 Selected Producers, Monthly 148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 United States 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Non-OPEC J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0 20 40 60 80 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 20 40 60 80 Non-OPEC World 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 3 6 9 12 OPEC J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0 3 6 9 12 0 World United States Russia Persian Gulf Nations OPEC Saudi Arabia China Persian Gulf Nations Russia Iran China Saudi Arabia Iran Notes: * OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. * The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants (Dollars a per Million Btu, Including Taxes) Costs, 1973-2012 Costs, Monthly By Fuel Type 128 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 Residual Fuel Oil J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 5 10 15 20 25 Natural Gas Coal Coal Residual Fuel Oil Natural Gas 2011 2012 2013 a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. Source: Table 9.9. 23.24 18.60
1 1 Table 9.10 Natural Gas Prices (Dollars a per Thousand Cubic Feet) Wellhead Price f City- gate Price g Consuming Sectors b Residential Commercial c Industrial d Transportation Electric Power e Price h Percentage of Sector i Price h Percentage of Sector i Price h Percentage of Sector i Vehicle Fuel j Price h Price h Percentage of Sector i,k 1950 Average .................... 0.07 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 Average .................... .10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 Average .................... .14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 Average .................... .16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 Average .................... .17 NA 1.09 NA .77 NA .37 NA NA .29 NA 1975 Average .................... .44 NA 1.71 NA 1.35 NA .96 NA NA .77 96.1 1980 Average ....................
2 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices (Dollars a per Gallon, Including Taxes) Platt's / Bureau of Labor Statistics Data U.S. Energy Information Administration Data Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type On-Highway Diesel Fuel Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium b All Grades c Conventional Gasoline Areas d Reformulated Gasoline Areas e All Areas 1950 Average .............. 0.268 NA NA NA - - - - - - - - 1955 Average .............. .291 NA NA NA - - - - - - - - 1960 Average .............. .311 NA NA NA - - - - - - - - 1965 Average .............. .312 NA NA NA - - - - - - - - 1970 Average .............. .357 NA NA NA - - - - - - - - 1975 Average
Petroleum Prices Petroleum Prices Crude Oil Prices, 1949-2012 Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly Refiner Prices to End Users: Selected Products, August 2013 118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7. 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Dollars per Barrel Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost Domestic First Purchase Price Dollars a per Barrel Dollars a per Barrel J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 2011 2012 2013 (Consumer Grade) 3.314 3.169 3.097 3.002 2.500 1.074 No. 2 No. 2 Finished Motor Kerosene-Type Residual Fuel
3 3 Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil (Dollars a per Gallon, Excluding Taxes) Residual Fuel Oil Sulfur Content Less Than or Equal to 1 Percent Residual Fuel Oil Sulfur Content Greater Than 1 Percent Average Sales for Resale Sales to End Users Sales for Resale Sales to End Users Sales for Resale Sales to End Users 1978 Average ...................... 0.293 0.314 0.245 0.275 0.263 0.298 1980 Average ...................... .608 .675 .479 .523 .528 .607 1985 Average ...................... .610 .644 .560 .582 .577 .610 1990 Average ...................... .472 .505 .372 .400 .413 .444 1995 Average ...................... .383 .436 .338 .377 .363 .392 2000 Average ...................... .627 .708 .512 .566 .566 .602 2001 Average ...................... .523 .642 .428 .492 .476 .531 2002 Average
9. Energy 9. Energy Prices Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices Crude Oil Prices, 1949-2012 Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly Refiner Prices to End Users: Selected Products, August 2013 118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices. Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7. 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Dollars per Barrel Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost Domestic First Purchase Price Dollars a per Barrel Dollars a per Barrel J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 2011 2012 2013 (Consumer Grade) 3.314 3.169 3.097 3.002 2.500 1.074 No. 2 No. 2 Finished Motor
3 3 Table 2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu) Primary Consumption a Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Renewable Energy b Elec- tricity Net Imports e Total Primary Coal Natural Gas c Petro- leum Total Hydro- electric Power d Geo- thermal Solar/ PV Wind Bio- mass Total 1950 Total ...................... 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1,351 6 4,679 1955 Total ...................... 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1,325 14 6,461 1960 Total ...................... 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 (s) NA NA 2 1,571 15 8,158 1965 Total ...................... 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 2 NA NA 3 2,031 (s) 11,012 1970 Total ...................... 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 6 NA NA 4 2,609 7 16,253 1975 Total ...................... 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 34 NA NA 2 3,158 21 20,270
b b Primary Energy Net Imports (Quadrillion Btu) Total, 1949-2012 By Major Source, 1949-2012 Total, Monthly By Major Source, Monthly U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 9 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Natural Gas Crude Oil a Petroleum Products b Coal Crude Oil a 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 -5 Petroleum Products b Coal Natural Gas J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -0.5 a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not include biofuels.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members (Thousand Barrels per Day) Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran Iraq Kuwait a Libya Nigeria Qatar Saudi Arabia a United Arab Emirates Vene- zuela Total OPEC b 1973 Average .................... 1,097 162 209 5,861 2,018 3,020 2,175 2,054 570 7,596 1,533 3,366 29,661 1975 Average .................... 983 165 161 5,350 2,262 2,084 1,480 1,783 438 7,075 1,664 2,346 25,790 1980 Average .................... 1,106 150 204 1,662 2,514 1,656 1,787 2,055 472 9,900 1,709 2,168 25,383 1985 Average .................... 1,036 231 281 2,250 1,433 1,023 1,059 1,495 301 3,388 1,193 1,677 15,367 1990 Average .................... 1,180 475 285 3,088 2,040 1,175 1,375 1,810 406 6,410 2,117 2,137 22,498 1995 Average
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source (Quadrillion Btu) Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Renewable Energy a Total Coal b Natural Gas (Dry) Crude Oil c NGPL d Total Hydro- electric Power e Geo- thermal Solar/ PV Wind Bio- mass Total 1950 Total .................. 14.060 6.233 11.447 0.823 32.563 0.000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 2.978 35.540 1955 Total .................. 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 2.784 40.148 1960 Total .................. 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608 (s) NA NA 1.320 2.928 42.803 1965 Total .................. 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059 .002 NA NA 1.335 3.396 50.674 1970 Total .................. 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634 .006 NA NA 1.431 4.070 63.495 1975 Total ..................
Gas Gas Note 1. Natural Gas Production. Final annual data are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Natural Gas Annual (NGA). Data for the two most recent months presented are estimated. Some of the data for earlier months are also esti- mated or computed. For a discussion of computation and estimation procedures, see EIA's Natural Gas Monthly (NGM). Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication of the NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S. Minerals Management Service. Volumetric data are converted, as necessary, to a standard pressure base of 14.73 psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60° Fahrenheit. Unless there are major changes, data are not revised until after
8 8 Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 1949-2011 (Miles per Gallon) U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 17 Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase a Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase b Heavy-Duty Trucks c All Motor Vehicles d Mileage Fuel Consumption Fuel Economy Mileage Fuel Consumption Fuel Economy Mileage Fuel Consumption Fuel Economy Mileage Fuel Consumption Fuel Economy Miles per Vehicle Gallons per Vehicle Miles per Gallon Miles per Vehicle Gallons per Vehicle Miles per Gallon Miles per Vehicle Gallons per Vehicle Miles per Gallon Miles per Vehicle Gallons per Vehicle Miles per Gallon 1950 .......... 9,060 603 15.0 e ( ) e ( ) e ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,321 725 12.8 1955 .......... 9,447 645 14.6 e ( ) e ( ) e ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,661
3 3 Primary Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu) By Source, a 1949-2012 By Source, a Monthly Total, January-August By Source, a August 2013 a Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary. Source: Table 1.3. 6 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 15 30 45 Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Electric Power Renewable Energy J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M
2 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage (Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet) Natural Gas in Underground Storage, End of Period Change in Working Gas From Same Period Previous Year Storage Activity Base Gas Working Gas Total a Volume Percent Withdrawals Injections Net b,c 1950 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA 175 230 -54 1955 Total .................... 863 505 1,368 40 8.7 437 505 -68 1960 Total .................... NA NA 2,184 NA NA 713 844 -132 1965 Total .................... 1,848 1,242 3,090 83 7.2 960 1,078 -118 1970 Total .................... 2,326 1,678 4,004 257 18.1 1,459 1,857 -398 1975 Total .................... 3,162 2,212 5,374 162 7.9 1,760 2,104 -344 1980 Total .................... 3,642 2,655
4.1 4.1 Natural Gas (Trillion Cubic Feet) Overview, 1949-2012 Consumption by Sector, 1949-2012 Overview, Monthly Consumption by Sector, Monthly Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas. Sources: Tables 4.1 and 4.3. 68 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Commercial Electric Power Industrial Industrial Trans- portation Transportation 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Consumption Dry Production Net Imports Consumption Dry Production Net Imports 2011 2012 2013 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Residential Electric Power Residential 2011 2012 2013
7 7 Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu) Primary Consumption a Elec- tricity Retail Sales f Electrical System Energy Losses g Total Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy b Total Primary Coal Natural Gas c Petro- leum d Total Hydro- electric Power e Geo- thermal Solar/ PV Wind Bio- mass Total 1950 Total .................... 1,542 401 872 2,815 NA NA NA NA 19 19 2,834 225 834 3,893 1955 Total .................... 801 651 1,095 2,547 NA NA NA NA 15 15 2,561 350 984 3,895 1960 Total .................... 407 1,056 1,248 2,711 NA NA NA NA 12 12 2,723 543 1,344 4,609 1965 Total .................... 265 1,490 1,413 3,168 NA NA NA NA 9 9 3,177 789 1,880 5,845 1970 Total .................... 165 2,473 1,592 4,229 NA NA NA NA 8 8 4,237 1,201 2,908 8,346 1975 Total ....................
0 0 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country (Billion Cubic Feet) Imports Exports Algeria a Canada b Egypt a Mexico b Nigeria a Qatar a Trinidad and Tobago a Other a,c Total Canada b Japan a Mexico b Other a,d Total 1950 Total .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 26 1955 Total .................... 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 0 31 1960 Total .................... 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 0 11 1965 Total .................... 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 0 26 1970 Total .................... 1 779 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 0 70 1975 Total .................... 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 0 73 1980 Total .................... 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 0 49 1985 Total .................... 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 0 55 1990 Total .................... 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0
Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division Census Divisions October Cumulative July through October Normal a 2012 2013 Percent Change Normal a 2012 2013 Percent Change Normal to 2013 2012 to 2013 Normal to 2013 2012 to 2013 New England Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont ............. 467 355 405 -13 14 657 508 604 -8 19 Middle Atlantic New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania ............................ 399 319 306 -23 -4 526 408 445 -15 9 East North Central Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin ................................. 424 451 399 -6 -12 580 636 579 (s) -9 West North Central Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota ............................ 424 493 455 7 -8 607 671 579 -5 -14 South Atlantic Delaware, Florida,
Overview Overview Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented are based on the customs values. Those values do not include insurance and freight and are consequently lower than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data, and imports data through 1980, are on a free alongside ship (f.a.s.) basis. "Balance" is exports minus imports; a positive balance indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance indicates a deficit trade value. "Energy" includes mineral fuels, lubricants, and related material. "Non-Energy Balance" and "Total Merchandise" include foreign exports (i.e., re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The "Non-Energy Balance"
Gas Gas Resource Development . 4. Natural Gas Figure 4.1 Natural Gas (Trillion Cubic Feet) Overview, 1949-2012 Consumption by Sector, 1949-2012 Overview, Monthly Consumption by Sector, Monthly Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas. Sources: Tables 4.1 and 4.3. 68 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Commercial Electric Power Industrial Industrial Trans- portation Transportation 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -5 J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Consumption Dry Production Net Imports Consumption Dry Production Net Imports 2011 2012 2013 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 2 4
2 2 xvii Energy Perspectives 18.97 in 1970 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 0 30 60 90 120 Quadrillion Btu Figure 1. Energy Overview The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s when energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. The Nation imported more energy to fill the gap. In 2002, net imported energy accounted for 26 percent of all energy consumed. Figure 1. Energy Overview Overview Exports Production Imports Consumption 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 per Chained (1996) Dollar Thousand Btu Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product Over the second half of the 20th century, the rate at which energy was consumed per dollar of the economy's output of goods and services fell dramatically. By the end of the century, the rate was half of the mid-century
1 1 Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption (Trillion Btu) Primary Consumption a Electricity Retail Sales e Electrical System Energy Losses f Total Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy b Total Primary Coal Natural Gas c Petroleum d Total Biomass 1950 Total .................... 1,564 130 6,690 8,383 NA 8,383 23 86 8,492 1955 Total .................... 421 254 8,799 9,474 NA 9,474 20 56 9,550 1960 Total .................... 75 359 10,125 10,560 NA 10,560 10 26 10,596 1965 Total .................... 16 517 11,866 12,399 NA 12,399 10 24 12,432 1970 Total .................... 7 745 15,310 16,062 NA 16,062 11 26 16,098 1975 Total .................... 1 595 17,615 18,210 NA 18,210 10 24 18,245 1980 Total .................... g ( ) 650 19,009 19,659 NA 19,659 11 27 19,697 1985 Total .................... g ( ) 519 19,472 19,992 50 20,041
2. Energy Consumption 2. Energy Consumption by Sector Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector (Quadrillion Btu) Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2012 Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly By Sector, August 2013 22 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013 Transportation Residential 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 10 20 30 40 Industrial Transportation Residential Commercial J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 1 2 3 4 Industrial Commercial 2011 2012 2013 1.664 1.511 2.610 2.385 3.644 0.231 0.188 1.728 2.379 Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation 0 1 2 3 4 Primary Consumption Total Consumption Electric Power Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption. Source: Table 2.1. U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review November 2013
Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers a Motor Gasoline b Residential Heating Oil c Residential Natural Gas b Residential Electricity b Index 1982-1984=100 Dollars per Gallon Dollars per Million Btu Dollars per Gallon Dollars per Million Btu Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Dollars per Million Btu Cents per Kilowatthour Dollars per Million Btu 1960 Average .................. 29.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.8 25.74 1965 Average .................. 31.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.6 22.33 1970 Average .................. 38.8 NA NA NA NA 2.81 2.72 5.7 16.62 1975 Average .................. 53.8 NA NA NA NA 3.18 3.12 6.5 19.07 1980 Average .................. 82.4 1.482 11.85 1.182 8.52 4.47 4.36 6.6 19.21 1985 Average ..................
The Use of Polymeric Dispersants in the Condensate/Feedwater Line during Long-Path Recirculation Cleanup at Pressurized Water Reacto rs
Steam generator (SG) deposit fouling causes heat-transfer losses, tube and internals corrosion degradation, level instabilities, and reductions in plant output. Utilities routinely devote substantial resources to limiting or reducing the level of such deposit fouling. This report summarizes the results of a two-year EPRI effort to develop dispersant application during the long-path recirculation cleanup process as a SG deposit management strategy. The work showed that the addition of dispersant is very l...
Understanding the Effects of Uncertainties in Ice Processes, Entrainment Understanding the Effects of Uncertainties in Ice Processes, Entrainment and Updraft Velocities on the Relationship Between Cloud Optical Depth and Liquid Water Path at the NSA and SGP Sites Chen, Y.(a), Penner, J.E.(a), and Dong, X.(b), University of Michigan (a), University of North Dakota (b) The relationship between the cloud optical depth (tc) and the cloud liquid water path (LWP) inferred from surface observations of shortwave radiative fluxes and measured LWP shows significant variability. Our previous study1 used a warm-cloud microphysics model to explain the average relationship between the cloud optical depth (tc) and the cloud liquid water path (LWP). Here, we examine some of the processes that contribute to the observed variability in this relationship. We examine the possible effects of
Urban Song Paths: place resounding
The project Urban Song Paths took a traditional musical form, the Kaluli song path from Papua, New Guinea, and translated it for a contemporary urban situation. The Two Rivers Project explored a classic song path subject, the route of a ...
Viv Corringham
Section 64
Time series of integrated or "precipitable" Time series of integrated or "precipitable" water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the microwave radiometer. Periods of precipitation have been eliminated. The circles are PWV derived by integrating radiosonde soundings, with and without the effect of the calibration ground check. (See text for explanation of the ground check.) Figure 2. Probability distributions of PWV and LWP. Integrated Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water at MCTEX J. C. Liljegren Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction Discussion Integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water measurements The probability distributions of PWV and LWP are presented were obtained during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm in Figure 2. The PWV was approximately normally
Sampling diffusive transition paths
We address the problem of sampling double-ended diffusive paths. The ensemble of paths is expressed using a symmetric version of the Onsager-Machlup formula, which only requires evaluation of the force field and which, upon direct time discretization, gives rise to a symmetric integrator that is accurate to second order. Efficiently sampling this ensemble requires avoiding the well-known stiffness problem associated with sampling infinitesimal Brownian increments of the path, as well as a different type of stiffness associated with sampling the coarse features of long paths. The fine-features sampling stiffness is eliminated with the use of the fast sampling algorithm (FSA), and the coarse-feature sampling stiffness is avoided by introducing the sliding and sampling (S&S) algorithm. A key feature of the S&S algorithm is that it enables massively parallel computers to sample diffusive trajectories that are long in time. We use the algorithm to sample the transition path ensemble for the structural interconversion of the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster at low temperature.
F. Miller III, Thomas; Predescu, Cristian
Laws Envirosearch Institutional Controls NEPA Activities RCRA RQ*Calculator Water HSS Logo Water Laws Overview of water-related legislation affecting DOE sites Clean...
Finding many optimal paths without growing any optimal path trees
Many algorithms seek to compute actual optimal paths in weighted directed graphs. The standard approach for reporting an actual optimal path is based on building a single-source optimal path tree. A technique was given in [1] for a class of problems ...
Danny Z. Chen; Ewa Misiolek
Possible connection between the optimal path and flow in percolation clusters Eduardo Lpez,1
E-Print Network (OSTI)
path. We calculate the probability distribution P opt r,L of the optimal path length opt, and find the tracer path length tr of tracers inside percolation through their probability distribution P tr r,L . We in porous media related to second- ary oil extraction, in which an invading fluid water, steam, etc
Stanley, H. Eugene
Microphysical Properties of Thin Clouds Retrieved from Microphysical Properties of Thin Clouds Retrieved from Ground-Based Infrared Observations D.D. Turner and E. Eloranta University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin J. Delamere Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts Introduction Both longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes are very sensitive to small changes in a cloud's integrated liquid water amount when the liquid water path (LWP) is below 100 g/m 2 (Figure 1, Turner et al. 2006). Therefore, to correctly model the radiative flux requires very accurate measurements of LWP when a cloud is optically thin. The primary ground-based instrument used by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program to provide LWP are microwave radiometers (MWRs) that observe the
Improved Retrieval of Cloud Liquid Water Path Improved Retrieval of Cloud Liquid Water Path J. C. Liljegren Ames Laboratory Ames, Iowa Introduction The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program has deployed dual-frequency microwave water radiometers (MWRs) (Liljegren 1994) at its Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) sites in the U. S. Southern Great Plains (SGP), the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), and the North Slope of Alaska/Adjacent Arctic Ocean (NSA/AAO). Although the integrated water vapor amount provided by these instruments has enjoyed increasing application, the primary purpose of these instruments has been to provide measurements of the integrated liquid water path (LWP) in clouds. Although the LWP measurements have been widely used by ARM investigators, shortcomings in the present statistical
Note: Counting humps in Motzkin paths
In this paper we study the number of humps (peaks) in Dyck, Motzkin and Schroder paths. Recently A. Regev noticed that the number of peaks in all Dyck paths of order n is one half of the number of super-Dyck paths of order n. He also computed the number ... Keywords: Dyck paths, Humps, Motzkin paths, Narayana number, Peaks, Schr�der paths
Yun Ding; Rosena R. X. Du
Thermodynamic Metrics and Optimal Paths
Thermodynamic metrics and optimal paths David A. Sivak ? andmanifold on the space of thermodynamic states. Within theconnection to the existing thermodynamic length formalism,
Sivak, David
Collabortive Authoring of Walden's Paths
Collaborative Authoring of Walden's Paths. Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences 2012.Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences 2012
Yuanling, Dr. Li [Texas A& M University; Bogen, Paul Logasa [ORNL; Pogue, Daniel [Halliburton Energy Services; Furuta, Dr. Richard Keith [Texas A& M University; ShipmanIII, Dr. Frank Major [Texas A& M University
Classicalization via Path Integral
Recently, it was suggested that a large class of non-renormalizable theories may need no UV completion. By analogy with gravity where classical black holes are expected to be created in high-energy scatterings, it is conjectured that similar classical solutions, so-called classicalons, should occur. In this way the theory protects itself against non-unitarity, for instead of probing small distances at high energies one enters a classical regime. An effective theory of Goldstone bosons provides and example in which the size of classicalons grows with energy, and the high energy scattering is cut-off by small momenta, inversely proportional to the classicalon size. In this note we offer an alternative, path integral discussion of this important result.
Borut Bajc; Arshad Momen; Goran Senjanovi?
Bajc, Borut; Senjanovi?, Goran
A New Path Forward
4, Fourth Quarter, 2011 4, Fourth Quarter, 2011 www.fossil.energy.gov/news/energytoday.html HigHligHts inside 2 A New Path Forward A Column from the Office of Fossil Energy's Chief Operating Officer 4 A Legacy of Benefit A Look at How the Office of Fossil Energy Has Returned National Benefit 5 Increasing Production and Storage New Study Explains How CO2 Injection in Oilfield Can Increase Production 6 A Medical Improvement NETL Helps Develop Improved Coronary Stents for Heart Patients 9 International Efforts CSLF Ministerial Reinforces Support for CCUS Construction activities began at an Illinois ethanol plant that will demon- strate carbon capture and storage. The project, sponsored by the Office of Fossil Energy, is the first large-scale
Contemporary data path design optimization
power consumption, instead of performance, becomes the most critical concern in many data-path designs, especially for mobile devicePower consumption becomes more critical issue than performance in modern data-path designs, especially for mobile devicepower consumption. Furthermore, we also implement the PST algorithm on both ASIC and FPGA devices
Liu, Jianhua
Path skyline for moving objects
Skyline query has been used mainly for relatively static and low dimensional data sets. We develop the Skyline query for the moving objects coping with dynamic changes efficiently. This study is focused on deriving a fundamental algorithm for extracting ... Keywords: moving objects, path skyline, shortest path
Wookey Lee; Chris Soo-Hyun Eom; Tae-Chang Jo
GPU-accelerated path rendering
For thirty years, resolution-independent 2D standards (e.g. PostScript, SVG) have depended on CPU-based algorithms for the filling and stroking of paths. Advances in graphics hardware have largely ignored accelerating resolution-independent 2D graphics ... Keywords: OpenGL, path rendering, stencil buffer, vector graphics
Mark J. Kilgard; Jeff Bolz
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VI.
PATH OF CkRBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. VI. * Ni. Calvin Radiationdetermination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Theredark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation
Calvin, M.
Physarum can compute shortest paths
Physarum Polycephalum is a slime mold that apparently is able to solve shortest path problems. A mathematical model has been proposed by biologists to describe the feedback mechanism used by the slime mold to adapt its tubular channels while foraging ...
Vincenzo Bonifaci; Kurt Mehlhorn; Girish Varma
Survivable paths in multilayer networks
We consider the problem of protection in multilayer networks. In single-layer net- works, a pair of disjoint paths can be used to provide protection for a source-destination pair. However, this approach cannot be directly ...
Parandehgheibi, Marzieh
Learning for informative path planning
Through the combined use of regression techniques, we will learn models of the uncertainty propagation efficiently and accurately to replace computationally intensive Monte- Carlo simulations in informative path planning. ...
Park, Sooho, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Path a Proton Takes Through a Fuel Cell Membrane
Path a Proton Path a Proton Takes Through a Fuel Cell Membrane The Path a Proton Takes Through a Fuel Cell Membrane October 11, 2012 | Tags: Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Chemistry, Franklin, Hopper Linda Vu, firstname.lastname@example.com, +1 510 495 2402 Ram.jpg The cover represents the environment around the side chain. The right side is the water network that exists between the sulfonate groups shown in yellow. The left side is the short chain with the sulfonate group. Many experts believe that fuel cells may someday serve as revolutionary clean energy conversion devices for transportation and other portable power applications. Because they generate electricity by converting chemical hydrogen and oxygen into water, fuel cells generate energy much more efficiently than combustion devices, and with near-zero pollutant
Observations on the Variability of the Gulf Stream Path between 74�W and 70�W
The Gulf Stream path varies in a wavelike fashion in the deep water downstream of Cape Hatteras, energetic within a range of wavelengths ? from 150 km to over 1000 km, and periods ? from 4 d to over 500 d. The authors determined the path from the ...
Harilaos Kontoyiannis; D. Randolph Watts
Testing Oil Saturation Distribution in Migration Paths Using MRI1 Jianzhao Yan 1
- 1 - Testing Oil Saturation Distribution in Migration Paths Using MRI1 Jianzhao Yan 1 , Xiaorong media, and to measure oil and water saturation. Although this technique has great advantages compared14. Using15 MRI, the oil secondary migration paths are scanned to measure the saturation distribution during
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Profiling all paths: A new profiling technique for both cyclic and acyclic paths
As an important technique in dynamic program analysis, path profiling collects the execution frequency of different paths, and has been widely used in a variety of areas. However, existing intra-procedural profiling techniques cannot effectively deal ... Keywords: Breakpoint, Cyclic paths, Dynamic analysis, Path backwalk, Path profiling, Probe instrumentation
Bixin Li; Lulu Wang; Hareton Leung; Fei Liu
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis, Prentice-Hall, Ino. ,to StUdy the Products of Photosynthesis as Depending on the48 THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS J. A. Bassham and
Bassham, J.A.; Calvin, Melvin
The Path ot Carbon in Photosynthesis. Science" l2J. , 476 (48 THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Melvin Calvin Nobel8-A Fig. 1. Elementary photosynthesis scheme. DES IOU OF THE
Calvin, Melvin Nobel Prize lecture
China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030
China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030 Title China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030 Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-4866E Year of Publication 2013 Authors...
Field Guide: Turbine Steam Path Damage
Steam path damage, particularly of blades, has long been recognized as a leading cause of steam turbine unavailability for large fossil fuel plants. Damage to steam path components by various mechanisms continues to result in significant economic impact domestically and internationally. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report TR-108943, Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory and Practice, Volumes 1 and 2, was prepared to compile the most recent knowledge about turbine steam path damage: identifying th...
Accelerating cleanup: Paths to closure
This document was previously referred to as the Draft 2006 Plan. As part of the DOE`s national strategy, the Richland Operations Office`s Paths to Closure summarizes an integrated path forward for environmental cleanup at the Hanford Site. The Hanford Site underwent a concerted effort between 1994 and 1996 to accelerate the cleanup of the Site. These efforts are reflected in the current Site Baseline. This document describes the current Site Baseline and suggests strategies for further improvements in scope, schedule and cost. The Environmental Management program decided to change the name of the draft strategy and the document describing it in response to a series of stakeholder concerns, including the practicality of achieving widespread cleanup by 2006. Also, EM was concerned that calling the document a plan could be misconstrued to be a proposal by DOE or a decision-making document. The change in name, however, does not diminish the 2006 vision. To that end, Paths to Closure retains a focus on 2006, which serves as a point in time around which objectives and goals are established.
Edwards, C.
Stochastic path tracing on consumer graphics cards
We present a path tracer using the GPU of a consumers graphics card to render images. It is implemented in Java and GLSL using GroIMP as modelling platform and runtime environment. The path tracer is capable of rendering primitives like sphere, cone, ... Keywords: GPU, HDR, global illumination, path tracing, procedural texturing, raytracing, texture mapping
Thomas Huwe; Reinhard Hemmerling
Nuclear quantum effects in water
In this work, a path integral Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation of liquid water is performed. It is found that the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects systematically improves the agreement of first principles simulations of liquid water with experiment. In addition, the proton momentum distribution is computed utilizing a recently developed open path integral molecular dynamics methodology. It is shown that these results are in good agreement with neutron Compton scattering data for liquid water and ice.
Joseph A. Morrone; Roberto Car
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Sol Path
Sol Path Sol Path Sol Path logo. Graphically displays path of sun in the sky for any date and location. Good for quickly obtaining rough sun angle data, or understanding the general nature of the sun's motion. Screen Shots Keywords solar, sun, sun path Validation/Testing N/A Expertise Required None required. Users Several hundred regular users, split approximately evenly between U.S. and other countries. Audience Architects, energy analysts, home owners, educators. Input Location, date. Output Graphical display of sun path in the sky. Computer Platform Web Programming Language Macromedia Director / Shockwave Strengths Easy to use, instantaneous graphical output. Weaknesses Sometimes displays incomplete results for equatorial regions (latitude < 23 degrees). Contact Company: Sustainable By Design
Compliance Verification Paths for Residential and Commercial...
Verification Paths for Residential and Commercial Energy Codes Conformity assessment is a term used to describe the processes followed to demonstrate that a product, service,...
Remote Spectroscopic Determination of Cloud Parameters Remote Spectroscopic Determination of Cloud Parameters S. V. Dvorjashin and G. S. Golitsyn Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia Introduction In February 1999, ground-based remote sensing of thick clouds was performed at Zvenigorod (Russia). The purpose of the study was to determine the liquid water path (LWP) and liquid water contents along the effective way of radiation in a cloudy layer and to determine the phase structure and presence of soot in clouds. During the experiment, there were clouds with base heights of a hundred meters. The original method of determining the LWP and phase structure of clouds is based on optically passive (sun as a source of radiation) remote sensing of clouds in several spectral intervals (2.07 µm to
48 THE PATH OF O Y m IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS X G Go D, Dorough andTm PATH OF O Y E I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS X G N by Go D, Doroughe s e workers found that, photosynthesis i s represented by
Dorough, G.D.; Calvin, M.
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This paper is a compilation of the essential results of our experimental work in the determination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. There are discussions of the dark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation and identification including paper chromatography and radioautography. The definition of the path of carbon in photosynthesis by the distribution of radioactivity Within the compounds is described.
Path dependent analysis of logic programs
This paper presents an abstract semantics that uses information about execution paths to improve precision of data flow analyses of logic programs. We illustrate the abstract semantics by abstracting execution paths using call strings of fixed length ... Keywords: Abstract interpretation, Call strings, Context sensitive analysis
Lunjin Lu
Path Dependent Analysis of Logic Programs
This paper presents an abstract semantics that uses information about execution paths to improve precision of data flow analyses of logic programs. The abstract semantics is illustrated by abstracting execution paths using call strings of fixed length ... Keywords: abstract interpretation, call strings, context sensitive analysis
Bootstrapping path-based pronoun resolution
We present an approach to pronoun resolution based on syntactic paths. Through a simple bootstrapping procedure, we learn the likelihood of coreference between a pronoun and a candidate noun based on the path in the parse tree between the two entities. ...
Shane Bergsma; Dekang Lin
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
This paper is a compilation of the essential results of our experimental work in the determination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. There are discussions of the dark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation and identification including paper chromatography and radioautography. The definition of the path of carbon in photosynthesis by the distribution of radioactivity within the compounds is described.
Deep Space Formation Flying Spacecraft Path Planning
Efficient algorithms for collision-free energy sub-optimal path planning for formations of spacecraft flying in deep space are presented. The idea is to introduce a set of way-points through which the spacecraft are required to pass, combined with ... Keywords: formation flying spacecraft, path planning for multiple mobile robot systems, trajectory generation
Cornel Sultan; Sanjeev Seereram; Raman K. Mehra
Evaluation of Calcine Disposition Path Forward
This document describes an evaluation of the baseline and two alternative disposition paths for the final disposition of the calcine wastes stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The pathways are evaluated against a prescribed set of criteria and a recommendation is made for the path forward.
Birrer, S.A.; Heiser, M.B.
Evaluation of Calcine Disposition - Path Forward
Steve Birrer
On-The-Fly Path Reduction
Path reduction is a well-known technique to alleviate the state-explosion problem incurred by explicit-state model checking, its key idea being to store states only at predetermined breaking points. This paper presents an adaptation of this technique ... Keywords: model checking, path reduction, state explosion, verification
Sebastian Biallas; J�rg Brauer; Dominique G�ckel; Stefan Kowalewski
BrightPath Energy LLC | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
New York . References "BrightPath Energy LLC" Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleBrightPathEnergyLLC&oldid343040" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations...
Event:Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting...
Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in...
Feasible Offset Region Based Tool Path Planning for Face Milling
Path Planning for Face Milling, Masters Report, UniversityPath Planning for Face Milling Prabhu Ramachandran Sponsoredburr formation while face milling powertrain components in
Ramachandran, Prabhu; Dornfeld, David A
Briefing: DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward | Department...
Landfill Workshop & Path Forward Briefing: DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward By: Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation Where: SSAB Teleconference 2 Subject: DOE EM...
Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis III
TIIE PAT3 OF C R O IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS A B K A. A. Benson andin the early products of photosynthesis, we Stepka, W. , inP THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 111. BY A. A. Benson
Benson, A.A.; Calvin, M.
An experiment is described in which an attempt is made to follow the path of oxygen in photosynthesis by the use of O{sup 18} as a tracer.
Geomagnetic Reversals: Rates, Timescales, Preferred Paths,
Geomagnetic Reversals: Rates, Timescales, Preferred Paths, Statistical Models and Simulations: Geomagnetic reversals, Reversal rates, Paleointensity, Statistics of Geodynamo September 30, 2001 #12;Abstract Paleomagnetic data on geomagnetic reversals are divided into two general categories: times of occurrence
Constable, Catherine G.
Steam Path Audits on Industrial Steam Turbines
The electric utility industry has benefitted from steam path audits on steam turbines for several years. Benefits include the ability to identify areas of performance degradation during a turbine outage. Repair priorities can then be set in accordance with quantitative results from the steam path audit. As a result of optimized repair decisions, turbine efficiency increases, emissions decrease, and maintenance expenses decrease. These benefits can be achieved by using a computer program Encotech, Inc. developed for the utility industry to perform steam path audits. With the increased emphasis on industrial turbine efficiency, and as a result of the experience with the Destec Operating Company, Encotech is adapting the computer program to respond to the needs of the industrial steam turbine community. This paper describes the results of using the STPE computer program to conduct a steam path audit at Destec Energy's Lyondell Cogeneration power plant.
Mitchell, D. R.
Path integration for light transport in volumes
Simulating the transport of light in volumes such as clouds or objects with subsurface scattering is computationally expensive. We describe an approximation to such transport using path integration. Unlike the more commonly used diffusion approximation, ...
Simon Premo�e; Michael Ashikhmin; Peter Shirley
Path inference in data center networks
Path inference is the ability to determine the sequence of devices traversed by a packet within an IP network. This is a fundamental building block for several network and service management applications such as troubleshooting, planning, and ...
Kyriaki Levanti, Vijay Gopalakrishnan, Hyong S. Kim, Seungjoon Lee, Emmanuil Mavrogiorgis, Aman Shaikh
EnerPath | Open Energy Information
EnerPath EnerPath Jump to: navigation, search Logo: EnerPath Name EnerPath Address 1758 Orange Tree Lane Place Redlands, California Zip 92374 Sector Buildings, Efficiency, Services Product Energy Efficiency Programs Number of employees 51-200 Website http://www.enerpath.com Coordinates 34.0678193°, -117.2147181° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":34.0678193,"lon":-117.2147181,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Definition: Scheduling Path | Open Energy Information
Scheduling Path Scheduling Path Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Scheduling Path The Transmission Service arrangements reserved by the Purchasing-Selling Entity for a Transaction.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, Purchasing-Selling Entity, Transmission Service, transmission line References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Scheduling_Path&oldid=480301" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation:
Linear water waves with vorticity: rotational features and particle paths
Steady linear gravity waves of small amplitude travelling on a current of constant vorticity are found. For negative vorticity we show the appearance of internal waves and vortices, wherein the particle trajectories are not any more closed ellipses. For positive vorticity the situation resembles that of Stokes waves, but for large vorticity the trajectories are affected.
Mats Ehrnstrom; Gabriele Villari
Remote Spectroscopic Sounding of Liquid Water Path in Thick Clouds...
restored for this particular case. For sounding of the mixed clouds, three intervals in a spectrum of solar radiation are analyzed: 0.97-1.03 m; 1.60-1.70 m; and 2.15-2.35 m...
Ice Water Path Estimation and Characterization Using Passive Microwave Radiometry
Microwave emission emerging from a precipitating cloud top and lying in a radiometer's field of view represents the culmination of a complex interaction between emitted microwave radiation and its ongoing extinction through overlapping regions of ...
J. Vivekanandan; J. Turk; V. N. Bringi
Evaluation of a Bulk Cloud Microphysics Model in Simulating Low-Level Evaluation of a Bulk Cloud Microphysics Model in Simulating Low-Level Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds Using a New Single-Column Model Morison, H., Curry, J.A., and Mirocha, J., University of Colorado Eleventh Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting The MM5 NCAR/Penn State mixed-phase bulk microphysical parameterization is evaluated using a new single column model (ARCSCM) in the context of arctic low-level mixed-phase clouds. ARCSCM is developed from the Arctic Regional Climate System Model (ARCSyM). Three mixed-phase clouds over SHEBA in May 1998 are simulated using the MM5 parameterization. Liquid water path (LWP) is underpredicted by ~ 75% compared to observations for the two cases that have a significant ice content, while LWP is accurately predicted (within
ARM - Facility News Article
April 25, 2007 [Data Announcements, Facility News] April 25, 2007 [Data Announcements, Facility News] New, Improved Algorithm for Retrieving Liquid Water Path Now Available at the ARM Data Archive Bookmark and Share The MWRRET product uses an improved retrieval technique and a method to identify and remove biases from the data to greatly improve the retrieved LWP (blue). It also performs so-called physical retrievals at each radiosonde launch time (black dots)-physical retrievals are the best possible retrieval that can be performed. The MWRRET product uses an improved retrieval technique and a method to identify and remove biases from the data to greatly improve the retrieved LWP (blue). It also performs so-called physical retrievals at each radiosonde launch time (black dots)-physical retrievals are the best
Water Efficiency Program Prioritization
Efficiency Program Efficiency Program Prioritization Federal Energy Management Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy January 2009 Will Lintner (email@example.com) Federal Energy Management The Goal - EO 13423 Beginning in 2008, Federal agencies must reduce water consumption intensity through life- effective measures, relative to the baseline of the agency's water consumption in fiscal year 2007 by 2 percent annually through the end of FY 2015 or 16 percent by the end of FY 2015. 2 Water Use Intensit ty (gal/sqft) Federal Sector Glide-Path to Meeting WUI Reduction Goal 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 Total Federal sector FY07 WUI Glide-Path for meeting WUI reduction goal (16%) 3 Next Steps * Compile Water Data FY 2008. The baseline for water
Technique for Retrieving Liquid Water Path over Land Technique for Retrieving Liquid Water Path over Land using Satellite Microwave Observations M.N. Deeter and J. Vivekanandan Research Applications Library National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Abstract We present a new methodology for retrieving liquid water path over land using satellite microwave observations. As input, the technique exploits the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for earth observing plan (EOS) (AMSR-E) polarization-difference signals at 37 and 89 GHz. Regression analysis performed on model simulations indicates that over variable atmospheric and surface conditions the polarization-difference signals can be simply parameterized in terms of the surface emissivity polarization difference (∆ε), surface temperature, liquid water path (LWP), and precipitable water vapor
A survey on coverage path planning for robotics
Coverage Path Planning (CPP) is the task of determining a path that passes over all points of an area or volume of interest while avoiding obstacles. This task is integral to many robotic applications, such as vacuum cleaning robots, painter robots, ... Keywords: Coverage path planning, Motion planning, Path planning
Enric Galceran, Marc Carreras
Modelling pronunciation variation with single-path and multi-path syllable models: Issues to consider
In this paper, we construct context-independent single-path and multi-path syllable models aimed at improved pronunciation variation modelling. We use phonetic transcriptions to define the topologies of the syllable models and to initialise the model ... Keywords: ASR, HMM, Pronunciation variation, Syllable, Topology
Annika H�m�l�inen; Louis ten Bosch; Lou Boves
A taxonomy of integral reaction path analysis
W. C. Gardiner observed that achieving understanding through combustion modeling is limited by the ability to recognize the implications of what has been computed and to draw conclusions about the elementary steps underlying the reaction mechanism. This difficulty can be overcome in part by making better use of reaction path analysis in the context of multidimensional flame simulations. Following a survey of current practice, an integral reaction flux is formulated in terms of conserved scalars that can be calculated in a fully automated way. Conditional analyses are then introduced, and a taxonomy for bidirectional path analysis is explored. Many examples illustrate the resulting path analysis and uncover some new results about nonpremixed methane-air laminar jets.
Grcar, Joseph F.; Day, Marcus S.; Bell, John B.
Validating the Validation: The Influence of Liquid Water Distribution in Clouds on the Intercomparison of Satellite and Surface Observations
The intercomparison of LWP retrievals from observations by a geostationary satellite imager [Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)] and a ground-based microwave (MW) radiometer is ...
N. A. J. Schutgens; R. A. Roebeling
Thin Liquid Water Clouds: Their Importance and Our Challenge
Many of the clouds important to the Earth's energy balance, from the Tropics to the Arctic, contain small amounts of liquid water. Longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes are very sensitive to small perturbations of the cloud liquid water path (...
D. D. Turner; A. M. Vogelmann; K. Johnson; M. Miller; R. T. Austin; J. C. Barnard; C. Flynn; C. Long; S. A. McFarlane; K. Cady-Pereira; S. A. Clough; J. C. Chiu; M. M. Khaiyer; J. Liljegren; B. Lin; P. Minnis; A. Marshak; S. Y. Matrosov; Q. Min; W. O'Hirok; Z. Wang; W. Wiscombe
Path specialization: reducing phased execution overheads
As garbage collected languages become widely used, the quest for reducing collection overheads becomes essential. In this paper, we propose a compiler optimization called path specialization that shrinks the cost of memory barriers for a wide ... Keywords: c#, garbage collection, memory management, read barriers, write barriers
Filip Pizlo; Erez Petrank; Bjarne Steensgaard
Current SPE Hydrodynamic Modeling and Path Forward
Extensive work has been conducted on SPE analysis efforts: Fault effects Non-uniform weathered layer analysis MUNROU: material library incorporation, parallelization, and development of non-locking tets Development of a unique continuum-based-visco-plastic strain-rate-dependent material model With corrected SPE data path is now set for a multipronged approach to fully understand experimental series shot effects.
Knight, Earl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rougier, Esteban [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Path selection in multi-layer networks
Multi-layer networks are computer networks where the configuration of the network can be changed dynamically at multiple layers. However, in practice, technologies at different layers may be incompatible to each other, which necessitates a careful choice ... Keywords: Multi-layer network, Network description, Path selection
Fernando Kuipers; Freek Dijkstra
PHAST: Hardware-Accelerated Shortest Path Trees
We present a novel algorithm to solve the nonnegative single-source shortest path problem on road networks and other graphs with low highway dimension. After a quick preprocessing phase, we can compute all distances from a given source in the graph with ...
Daniel Delling; Andrew V. Goldberg; Andreas Nowatzyk; Renato F. Werneck
VC-dimension and shortest path algorithms
We explore the relationship between VC-dimension and graph algorithm design. In particular, we show that set systems induced by sets of vertices on shortest paths have VC-dimension at most two. This allows us to use a result from learning theory to improve ...
Ittai Abraham; Daniel Delling; Amos Fiat; Andrew V. Goldberg; Renato F. Werneck
Learning to improve path planning performance
In robotics, path planning refers to finding a short. collision-free path from an initial robot configuration to a desired configuratioin. It has to be fast to support real-time task-level robot programming. Unfortunately, current planning techniques are still too slow to be effective, as they often require several minutes, if not hours of computation. To remedy this situation, we present and analyze a learning algorithm that uses past experience to increase future performance. The algorithm relies on an existing path planner to provide solutions to difficult tasks. From these solutions, an evolving sparse network of useful robot configurations is learned to support faster planning. More generally, the algorithm provides a speedup-learning framework in which a slow but capable planner may be improved both cost-wise and capability-wise by a faster but less capable planner coupled with experience. The basic algorithm is suitable for stationary environments, and can be extended to accommodate changing environments with on-demand experience repair and object-attached experience abstraction. To analyze the algorithm, we characterize the situations in which the adaptive planner is useful, provide quantitative bounds to predict its behavior, and confirm our theoretical results with experiments in path planning of manipulators. Our algorithm and analysis are sufficiently, general that they may also be applied to other planning domains in which experience is useful.
Chen, Pang C.
Retrieval of Liquid Water Path and Effective Drop Size Retrieval of Liquid Water Path and Effective Drop Size Using Radar Data and Shortwave Optical Depth R. T. Austin and G. L. Stephens Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Q.-L. Min Atmospheric Sciences Research Center State University of New York Albany, New York Introduction We present a new retrieval of liquid water path (LWP), effective drop size, and liquid water content (LWC) of water clouds, based on data from the Millimeter-Wave Cloud Radar (MMCR) and shortwave optical depths retrieved from the Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) (Min and Harrison 1996). This algorithm is being developed in anticipation of the 94-GHz radar and Profiling Oxygen A-band Spectrometer/Visible Imager (PABSI) data to be available from the CloudSat platform
Estimates of Cloud and Rainfall Parameters Estimates of Cloud and Rainfall Parameters In the Atmospheric Vertical Column above the ARM SGP Site Sergey Matrosov CIRES, University of Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Retrievables: mean rainfall rate (R m ) and/or rain water path (RWP), cloud liquid water path (LWP) (D < 50 μm or so) (cloud and rain water can co-exist in the same volume) ice water path (IWP) and/or ice water content (IWC) profiles in a precipitating cloud above the freezing level (All retrieved parameters correspond to the same vertical column) Approach: attenuation based retrievals using WACR (and MMCR) in the liquid hydrometeor layer MMCR absolute reflectivity based retrievals of IWP and IWC (the reflectivities are corrected for attenuation) Instruments: WACR, MMCR, KVNX radar (NEXRAD), JWD (disdrometer)
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil EnergyA Potential Path...
3 A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy The National Energy Technology Laboratory's chemical looping reactor, above, is the only one of its kind in the Western...
Terminal area flight path generation using parallel constraint propagation
A Flight Path Generator is defined as the module of an automated Air Traffic Control system which plans aircraft trajectories in the terminal area with respect to operational constraints. The flight path plans have to be ...
Sadoune, Michel
China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition)
China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition) Title China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition) Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors...
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy | Department...
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy August 20, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis The National Energy Technology Laboratory's...
Experimental and numerical investigation of phonon mean free path distribution
Knowledge of phonon mean free path (MFP) distribution is critically important to engineering size effects. Phenomenological models of phonon relaxation times can give us some sense about the mean free path distribution, ...
Zeng, Lingping
The path forward: Monte Carlo Convergence discussion
This is a summary of 'the path forward' discussion session of the NuInt09 workshop which focused on Monte Carlo event generators. The main questions raised as part of this discussion are: how to make Monte Carlo generators more reliable and how important it is to work on a universal Monte Carlo generator of events? In this contribution, several experts in the field summarize their views, as presented at the workshop.
Andreopoulos, Costas [Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC Oxfordshire OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Gallagher, Hugh [Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (United States); Hayato, Yoshinari [Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, University of Tokyo Higashi-Mozumi 456, Kamioka-cho, Hida-city Gifu 506-1205 (Japan); Sobczyk, Jan T. [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw, University Poland (Poland); Walter, Chris [Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 (United States); Zeller, Sam [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Free Energy Changes, Fluctuations, and Path Probabilities
We illustrate some of the static and dynamic relations discovered by Cohen, Crooks, Evans, Jarzynski, Kirkwood, Morriss, Searles, and Zwanzig. These relations link nonequilibrium processes to equilibrium isothermal free energy changes and to dynamical path probabilities. We include ideas suggested by Dellago, Geissler, Oberhofer, and Schoell-Paschinger. Our treatment is intended to be pedagogical, for use in an updated version of our book: Time Reversibility, Computer Simulation, and Chaos. Comments are very welcome.
William G. Hoover; Carol G. Hoover
Automatic tool path generation for finish machining
A system for automatic tool path generation was developed at Sandia National Laboratories for finish machining operations. The system consists of a commercially available 5-axis milling machine controlled by Sandia developed software. This system was used to remove overspray on cast turbine blades. A laser-based, structured-light sensor, mounted on a tool holder, is used to collect 3D data points around the surface of the turbine blade. Using the digitized model of the blade, a tool path is generated which will drive a 0.375 inch diameter CBN grinding pin around the tip of the blade. A fuzzified digital filter was developed to properly eliminate false sensor readings caused by burrs, holes and overspray. The digital filter was found to successfully generate the correct tool path for a blade with intentionally scanned holes and defects. The fuzzified filter improved the computation efficiency by a factor of 25. For application to general parts, an adaptive scanning algorithm was developed and presented with simulation results. A right pyramid and an ellipsoid were scanned successfully with the adaptive algorithm.
Kwok, Kwan S.; Loucks, C.S.; Driessen, B.J.
A secure alternate path routing in sensor networks
This paper presents a secure alternate path routing in sensor networks. Our alternate path scheme makes the routing protocol resilient in the presence of malicious nodes that launch selective forwarding attacks. SeRINS (a Secure alternate path Routing ... Keywords: Secure routing, Sensor network security
Suk-Bok Lee; Yoon-Hwa Choi
Enhanced oil recovery through water imbibition in fractured reservoirs using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
??Conventional waterflooding methods of oil recovery are difficult to apply when reservoirs show evidence of natural fractures, because injected water advances through paths of high� (more)
Hervas Ordonez, Rafael Alejandro
Indirect Effect on Rainfall Indirect Effect on Rainfall at SGP Site Feng Niu Advisor: Zhangqing Li 03/30/2009 Rainfall Frequency y = - 0.0012x + 0.0134 R 2 = 0.9336 y = 0.0335x + 0.2043 R 2 = 0.6529 y = 0.0009x + 0.0536 R 2 = 0.0021 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 0- 1000 1000- 2000 2000- 3000 3000- 4000 4000- 5000 5000- 6000 Aero so l Number Co nc entratio n (/ c m3) Ra inf a ll Freq uenc y 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20% 1.40% LWP: >0.8mm LWP:0.4- 0.8mm LWP:0- 0.4mm Linear (LWP:0- 0.4mm) Linear (LWP: >0.8mm) Linear (LWP:0.4- 0.8mm) Main Factors Affecting Rainfall Rainfall frequency Water vapor Atm stability Aerosols 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0-1000 1000- 2000 2000- 3000 3000- 4000 4000- 5000 5000- 6000 Aerosol Number Concentration (per cm^3) Surface temperature (Degree Celsius) LWP:>0.8mm LWP:0.4-0.8mm LWP:0.0-0.4mm
Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward?
Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Title Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-2511E Year of Publication 2008 Authors Nordman, Bruce Conference Name 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Conference Location Pacific Grove, CA Keywords communication and standards, technologies Abstract To date, digital networks have principally been installed for connecting information technology devices, with more modest use in consumer electronics, security, and large building control systems. The next 20 years will see much greater deployment of networks in buildings of all types, and across all end uses. Most of these are likely to be introduced primarily for reasons other than energy efficiency, and add energy use for network interfaces and network products. Widespread networking could easily lead to increased energy use, and experience with IT and CE networks suggests this may be likely. Active engagement by energy efficiency professionals in the architecture and design of future networks could lead to their being a large and highly cost-effective tool for efficiency. However, network standards are complex and take many years to develop and negotiate so that lack of action on this in the near term may foreclose important opportunities for years or decades to come. Digital networks need to be common globally, providing another challenge to building systems and elements that are more commonly designed only for national or regional markets. Key future networks are lighting, climate control, and security/presence. This paper reviews some examples of past network designs and use and the lessons they hold for future building networks. It also highlights key needed areas for research, policy, and standards development.
Cloud Liquid Water Paths Cloud Liquid Water Paths Over Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains Using Satellite and Surface Data: Validation of New Models M.M. Khaiyer, R. Palikonda, J.K. Ayers, and D.N. Phan Analytical Services and Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia P. Minnis and W.L. Smith, Jr. National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia R.F. Arduini Science Applications International Corporation Hampton, Virginia P.W. Heck Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies Madison, Wisconsin Introduction Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is a crucial parameter for climate studies, especially for use in general circulation models. To provide a long-term, large-scale dataset of this important parameter, the Visible
Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory and Practice
Historically, most treatises about steam turbines have concentrated on thermo-dynamics or design. In contrast, the primary focus of this book is on the problems that occur in the turbine steam path. Some of these problems have been long known to the industry, starting as early as A. Stodola's work at the turn of the century in which mechanisms such as solid particle erosion, corrosion and liquid droplet damage were recognized. What we have tried to do here is to provide, in a single, comprehensive refere...
The Path to Magnetic Fusion Energy
When the possibility of fusion as an energy source for electricity generation was realized in the 1950s, understanding of the plasma state was primitive. The fusion goal has been paced by, and has stimulated, the development of plasma physics. Our understanding of complex, nonlinear processes in plasmas is now mature. We can routinely produce and manipulate 100 million degree plasmas with remarkable finesse, and we can identify a path to commercial fusion power. The international experiment, ITER, will create a burning (self-sustained) plasma and produce 500 MW of thermal fusion power. This talk will summarize the progress in fusion research to date, and the remaining steps to fusion power.
Prager, Stewart (PPPL)
1E 1E Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? B. Nordman Environmental Energy Technologies Division August 2008 Presented at the 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Pacific Grove, CA, August 17-22, 2008, and published in the Proceedings DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes
Microsoft Word - huang.doc
required for classifying a cloud as ice-over-water for the entire 0.3 box is: 100% ice phase, Tc < 273K, Tw-Tc > 8 K and MWR LWP (LWP MW ) > 0.0 gm -2 . Multilayered clouds...
3D Nanostructured Bicontinuous Electrodes: Path to Ultra-High ...
3D Nanostructured Bicontinuous Electrodes: Path to Ultra-High Power and Energy ... High Energy Density Lithium Capacitors Using Carbon-Carbon Electrodes.
Feb 16, 2010 ... double facility-to-location moves sampled. Procedure PathRelinking takes as input 8 user-defined parameters that deter- mine, among many�...
A Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Framework for Fixed Path ...
paths of the robots are represented by piecewise cubic spline curves. ...... programming, linear and nonlinear systems theory, statistics, and machine learning.
EIA updates mapping tool relating hurricane path to energy ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
capacity; nuclear; exports ... The Energy Information Administration has updated an interactive mapping tool on its website so that users see the projected path of ...
ORNL-grown oxygen 'sponge' presents path to better catalysts...
presents path to better catalysts, energy materials This schematic depicts a new ORNL-developed material that can easily absorb or shed oxygen atoms. This schematic depicts...
Scalable clustering of Internet paths by shared congestion
Abstract � Internet paths sharing the same bottleneck can be identified using several shared congestion detection techniques. However, all of these techniques have been designed to detect shared congestion between a pair of paths. To cluster N paths by shared congestion, a straightforward approach of using pairwise tests would require O(N 2) time complexity. In this paper, we present a scalable approach to cluster Internet paths based on DCW (Delay Correlation with Wavelet denoising) which does not require a common end point between paths. We present a function to map each path�s measurement data into a point in a multidimensional space such that points are close to each other if and only if the corresponding paths share congestion. Because points in the space are indexed using a tree-like structure, the computational complexity of clustering N paths can be reduced to O(N log N). The indexing overhead can be further improved by reducing dimensionality of the space through wavelet transform. Computation cost is kept low by reusing for dimensionality reduction the same wavelet coefficients obtained in DCW. Our approach is evaluated by simulations and found to be effective for a large N. The tradeoff between dimensionality and clustering accuracy is shown empirically. I.
Min Sik Kim; Taekhyun Kim; Yong-june Shin; Simon S. Lam; Edward J. Powers
Efficient Tool Paths and Part Orientation for Face Milling
Avoiding Tool Exit in Planar Milling by Adjusting Width oftime. The most common face milling tool paths employed areand Part Orientation for Face Milling A. Rangarajan 1 , D.
Rangarajan, Arvind; Dornfeld, David
Modulated Tool-Path (MTP) Chip Breaking System
Relationship between chip length, oscillation rate, and R Af . Modulated Tool-Path (MTP) Chip Breaking System 16 Fig. 11. MTP chip breaking surface fi nish model.
DOE EM Landfill Workshop and Path Forward - July 2009
Teleconference: 2. DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation US Department of Energy July 2009 Slides prepared by CRESP DOE EM Landfill...
Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path...
Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Jump to: navigation, search Name Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management:...
Joint Spectral Radius and Path-Complete Graph Lyapunov Functions
Nov 22, 2011 ... Abstract: We introduce the framework of path-complete graph Lyapunov functions for approximation of the joint spectral radius. The approach is�...
A Development Path for the Stabilized Spheromak
In Refs. [1] - [3], I suggest a concerted computational effort to study profile control of spheromaks, in anticipation that it is timely to incorporate the q < 1 regime of RFP's and spheromaks into an integrated advanced toroidal confinement program, together with improvements in tokamaks and stellarators now being pursued. For profile control of spheromaks by neutral beam injection, with care to avoid super-Alfvenic beam instability the main issue is excitation of tearing modes that can be studied using the NIMROD code already calibrated to MST and SSPX. In this note, I show that profile control on spheromaks could be demonstrated in a device the size of SSPX, leading ultimately to a very compact ignition facility, and possibly modular fusion reactors with a shorter development path.
Fowler, T K
Hanford spent nuclear fuel project recommended path forward, volume III: Alternatives and path forward evaluation supporting documentation
Volume I of the Hanford Spent Nuclear Fuel Project - Recommended Path Forward constitutes an aggressive series of projects to construct and operate systems and facilities to safely retrieve, package, transport, process, and store K Basins fuel and sludge. Volume II provided a comparative evaluation of four Alternatives for the Path Forward and an evaluation for the Recommended Path Forward. Although Volume II contained extensive appendices, six supporting documents have been compiled in Volume III to provide additional background for Volume II.
Fulton, J.C.
ARM - VAP Product - mwrret1liljclou
Productsmwrretmwrret1liljclou Productsmwrretmwrret1liljclou Documentation Data Management Facility Plots (Quick Looks) Citation DOI: 10.5439/1027369 [ What is this? ] Generate Citation ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send VAP Output : MWRRET1LILJCLOU Microwave Radiometer Retrievals (MWRRET) of Cloud Liquid Water and Precipitable Water Vapor Active Dates 1996.09.01 - 2014.01.05 Originating VAP Process MWR Retrievals : MWRRET Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable altitude m alt Base time in Epoch seconds since 1970-1-1 0:00:00 0:00 base_time Liquid water path Liquid water path best-estimate value g/m^2 be_lwp ( time )
Mitigation Action Plan for Los Banos - Gates (Path 15) Transmission Project (DOE/EIS-0128) (12/3/03)
2 Date: December 3, 2003 1 2 Date: December 3, 2003 1 Western Area Power Administration Mitigation Action Plan for the Los Banos - Gates (Path 15) Transmission Project 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND In May 2001, Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham directed the Western Area Power Administration (Western) to take the first steps, including the preparation of environmental studies, toward developing the Los Banos - Gates Transmission Project, also known as the Path 15 Project. This directive was issued to carry out a recommendation in the May 2001 National Energy Policy. Western is a power marketing administration within the Department of Energy (DOE) whose role is to market and transmit electricity from multi-use water projects in the western United States, including California. The Path 15 Project, located in California's western
Vickrey Prices and Shortest Paths: What is an Edge Worth?
We solve a shortest path problem that is motivated by recent interest in pricing networks or other computational resources. Informally, how much is an edge in a network worth to a user who wants to send data between two nodes along a shortest path? If ...
J. Hershberger; S. Suri
Realization strategies of dedicated path protection: A bandwidth cost perspective
Communication networks have to provide a high level of availability and instantaneous recovery after failures in order to ensure sufficient survivability for mission-critical services. Currently, dedicated path protection (or 1+1) is implemented in backbone ... Keywords: Cost analysis, Dedicated protection, Network coding, Path protection, Reliability, SRLG
P�Ter Babarczi, Gergely Bicz�K, Harald �Verby, J�Nos Tapolcai, P�Ter Soproni
Exact graph search algorithms for generalized traveling salesman path problems
The Generalized Traveling Salesman Path Problem (GTSPP) involves finding the shortest path from a location s to a location t that passes through at least one location from each of a set of generalized location categories (e.g., gas stations, ...
Michael N. Rice; Vassilis J. Tsotras
A constrained binary knapsack approximation for shortest path network interdiction
A modified shortest path network interdiction model is approximated in this work by a constrained binary knapsack which uses aggregated arc maximum flow as the objective function coefficient. In the modified shortest path network interdiction problem, ... Keywords: Approximation techniques, Homeland security, Integer programming, Network interdiction
Justin Yates; Kavitha Lakshmanan
Overhead reduction in a distributed path management system
CEAS (cross entropy ant system) is a distributed, robust and adaptive swarm intelligence system for path management in communication networks. This paper focuses on strategies for handling the overhead in terms of processing cycles, memory storage, and ... Keywords: Cross entropy, Path management, Swarm intelligence
Poul E. Heegaard; Otto J. Wittner
MultiPath TCP: from theory to practice
The IETF is developing a new transport layer solution, MultiPath TCP (MPTCP), which allows to efficiently exploit several Internet paths between a pair of hosts, while presenting a single TCP connection to the application layer. From an implementation ... Keywords: TCP, implementation, measurements, multipath
S�bastien Barr�; Christoph Paasch; Olivier Bonaventure
Integrative path planning and motion control for handling large components
For handling large components a large workspace and high precision are required. In order to simplify the path planning for automated handling systems, this task can be divided into global, regional and local motions. Accordingly, different types of ... Keywords: integrative production, motion control, path planning, robotic assembly application
Rainer M�ller; Martin Esser; Markus Janssen
A path space extension for robust light transport simulation
We present a new sampling space for light transport paths that makes it possible to describe Monte Carlo path integration and photon density estimation in the same framework. A key contribution of our paper is the introduction of vertex perturbations, ... Keywords: global illumination, multiple importance sampling
Toshiya Hachisuka; Jacopo Pantaleoni; Henrik Wann Jensen
1 1 Remote Sensing of Average Liquid Water Content Layer Height in Winter Clouds A. V. Koldaev, E. N. Kadygrov, and A. V. Troitsky Central Aerological Observatory Moscow, Russia J. W. Strapp Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada Ottawa, Canada Introduction The importance of cloud liquid water in the radiation balance does not need to be proven. The main parameters that influence the optical properties of clouds are: total amount of the liquid water in the vertical column-liquid water path (LWP); depth of the liquid water layer in clouds-liquid water depth (LWD); and height of the liquid water layer over the ground-liquid water height (LWH). The information about these three parameters as a main part of empirical data for radiation transfer models is supplied by
Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future |
Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future September 13, 2013 - 11:50am Addthis Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this yearâs competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teamsâ houses. Not featured in the "Meet the Teams" section, Team Texas will also compete at Solar Decathlon 2013 with their ADAPT house. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this year's competition
Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future September 13, 2013 - 11:50am Addthis Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this yearâs competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teamsâ houses. Not featured in the "Meet the Teams" section, Team Texas will also compete at Solar Decathlon 2013 with their ADAPT house. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this year's competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teams' houses.
A Path to Collaborative Strategic Learning
Collaborative learning is critical for the future of any organization and must align with the strategic organizational processes that result in products valued by others. To discover these processes, proposal preparation is explored using topic-oriented ethnography, grounded theory, and an innovative addition to qualitative interviewing, called metainquiry. Using interview data from editors, graphic artists, text processors, scientists, engineers, and technical managers, substantive theory emerges. The research discovers the five essential processes of owning, visioning, reviewing, producing, and contributing needed for organizational strategic learning to occur. The dimensions of these processes are made explicit and can be used to gauge the health of any organization. The substantive theory also provides insight into the ability of collaborative learning to evolve, flourish, and adapt to the strategic advantage of the organization. Lastly, actionable goals with ten essential elements emerge that link owning, visioning, reviewing, producing, and contributing as a path for all organizations to follow to promote collaborative learning communities and enhance their competitive advantage.
Nancy M. Carlson
Measurement of Total Water with a Tunable Diode Laser Hygrometer: Inlet Analysis, Calibration Procedure, and Ice Water Content Determination
The University of Colorado closed-path tunable diode laser hygrometer (CLH), a new instrument for the in situ measurement of enhanced total water (eTW, the sum of water vapor and condensed water enhanced by a subisokinetic inlet), has recently ...
Sean M. Davis; A. Gannet Hallar; Linnea M. Avallone; William Engblom
Supersedes Working Paper No. 10-27Portage and Path Dependence ?
We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphological feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these points, while some falls provided water power during early industrialization. These factors attracted commerce and manufacturing. Although these original advantages have long since been made obsolete, we document the continuing importance of these portage sites over time. We interpret these results as path dependence and contrast explanations based on sunk costs interacting with decreasing versus increasing returns to scale.
Hoyt Bleakley; Jeffrey Lin; Hoyt Bleakley; Jeffrey Lin
Path forward for dosimetry cross sections
In the 1980's the dosimetry community embraced the need for a high fidelity quantification of uncertainty in nuclear data used for dosimetry applications. This led to the adoption of energy-dependent covariance matrices as the accepted manner of quantifying the uncertainty data. The trend for the dosimetry community to require high fidelity treatment of uncertainty estimates has continued to the current time where requirements on nuclear data are codified in standards such as ASTM E 1018. This paper surveys the current state of the dosimetry cross sections and investigates the quality of the current dosimetry cross section evaluations by examining calculated-to-experimental ratios in neutron benchmark fields. In recent years more nuclear-related technical areas are placing an emphasis on uncertainty quantification. With the availability of model-based cross sections and covariance matrices produced by nuclear data codes, some nuclear-related communities are considering the role these covariance matrices should play. While funding within the dosimetry community for cross section evaluations has been very meager, other areas, such as the solar-related astrophysics community and the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, have been supporting research in the area of neutron cross sections. The Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) is responsible for the creation and maintenance of the ENDF/B library which has been the mainstay for the reactor dosimetry community. Given the new trends in cross section evaluations, this paper explores the path forward for the US nuclear reactor dosimetry community and its use of the ENDF/B cross-sections. The major concern is maintenance of the sufficiency and accuracy of the uncertainty estimate when used for dosimetry applications. The two major areas of deficiency in the proposed ENDF/B approach are: 1) the use of unrelated covariance matrices in ENDF/B evaluations and 2) the lack of 'due consideration' of experimental data in the evaluation. (authors)
Griffin, P.J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1146 (United States); Peters, C.D. [Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87110 (United States)
Spin in the worldline path integral in 2 + 1 dimensions
We present a constructive derivation of a worldline path integral for the effective action and the propagator of a Dirac field in 2 + 1 dimensions, in terms of spacetime and SU(2) paths. After studying some general properties of this representation, we show that the auxiliary gauge-group variable can be integrated, deriving a worldline action depending only on x({tau}), the spacetime paths. We then show that the functional integral automatically imposes the constraint x{sup .2}({tau})=1, while there is a spin action, which agrees with the one one should expect for a spin-1/2 field.
Fosco, C.D. [Centro Atomico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina); Sanchez-Guillen, J. [Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Facultad de Fisica and Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Energias, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Vazquez, R.A. [Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Facultad de Fisica and Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Energias, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)], E-mail: email@example.com
Fire opens path to advanced heating
Eleven months after the Shed Restaurant in Stowe, VT was consumed by fire, a brand new Shed is opening for business. Heating the new structure is an innovative application of advanced oilfired heating technology - three tandem units in series (Energy Kinetics` System 2000) which will provide all the heat and hot water necessary for the beautiful 13,000 sq. ft., three-floor building, which includes three second floor apartments. In the case of The Shed, the triple tandem will heat the 7500 square foot main floor, which includes the restaurant and bar; the 3000-square foot second story including the three apartments and the 2500-square foot basement/store room, while also providing hot water for both the restaurant/bar and the apartments. The heating system is described.
Devine, J. [Promotion Management, Inc., Norwood, NJ (United States)
The paths and characteristics of real estate entrepreneurs
What paths have real estate entrepreneurs taken to establish their own firm? Also, what characteristics did they develop and utilize in the process? This thesis gives the unique opportunity to better understand the life ...
Kazmierski, Michael (Michael Anthony)
Optimally controlling hybrid electric vehicles using path forecasting
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) with path-forecasting belong to the class of fuel efficient vehicles, which use external sensory information and powertrains with multiple operating modes in order to increase fuel economy. ...
Katsargyri, Georgia-Evangelina
Path dependent receding horizon control policies for hybrid electric vehicles
Future hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) may use path-dependent operating policies to improve fuel economy. In our previous work, we developed a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for prescribing the battery state of charge ...
Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.
Optimally Controlling Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Path Forecasting
The paper examines path-dependent control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). In this approach we seek to improve HEV fuel economy by optimizing charging and discharging of the vehicle battery depending on the forecasted ...
Measurements of Rainfall Properties Using Long Optical Path Imaging
Measurements of long-path optical attenuation of visible light due to rainfall are described, from which rainfall parameters are derived. Novel aspects of the method are the use of a distant uncontrolled and broadband spotlight source, and ...
S. G. Bradley; C. D. Stow; C. A. Lynch-Blosse
Path predicate abstraction by complete interval property checking
This paper describes a method to create an abstract model from a set of properties fulfilling a certain completeness criterion. The proposed abstraction can be understood as a path predicate abstraction. As in predicate abstraction, certain concrete ...
Joakim Urdahl; Dominik Stoffel; J�rg Bormann; Markus Wedler; Wolfgang Kunz
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: SunPath
SunPath Calculates the position of the center of the sun in the sky at locations, dates, and times specified by the user. Numerous calculation options are available. Includes a...
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VII Respiration and Photosynthesis
seconds, me-minutes, PS. -photosynthesis mith C 14 02, C. -treatments subsequent t o photosynthesis were done i n C02-THE PATH OF CARBON I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS*
Diverging Paths for IT Industries in Taiwan and Korea
E B A article, Twn/Korea 11-9-94 Diverging PathsIT Industries in Taiwan and Korea Jason Dedrick and Kennethtechnology (IT) industry in Korea and Taiwan. Riding the
Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L.
Path planning of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for adaptive sampling
This thesis develops new methods for path planning of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for adaptive sampling. The problem is approached in an optimization framework and two methods are developed to solve it based on Mixed ...
Yilmaz, Namik Kemal, 1975-
may not be a household term just yet, it represents one promising path forward for using fossil fuels as part of a clean energy future. At most coal fired power plants, the coal...
elite set P does not have at least ? elements, then if ?? is feasible and sufficiently different ...... Fundamentals of scatter search and path relinking. ... In F. Glover and G. Kochenberger, editors, Handbook of Metaheuristics, pages. 219� 249.
DOE Joint Genome Institute: Spikemoss Genome Offers New Paths...
5, 2011 Spikemoss Genome Offers New Paths for Biofuels Research--Bridges Plant Development Gap WALNUT CREEK, Calif.- It's not quite Christmas, but the DNA sequence of a small plant...
under varying temperature conditions. Keywords: Electricity, demand, imports, transmission flows Marshall, Marc Pryor, David Vidaver Electricity Analysis Office Electricity Supply Assessment Division a 2008 staff assessment of electricity flows over Path 26 during heat spells in the summers of 2006
A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds
A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds Print Hydrogen bonds are found everywhere in chemistry and biology and are critical in DNA and RNA. A hydrogen bond...
Lidar-Transmissometer Visibility Comparisons Over Slant and Horizontal Paths
Atmospheric visibility has been measured with the lidar technique using the �slope method.� The system is briefly described and some aspects of slant path visibility measurements for aeronautical applications are discussed. Measurements in dense ...
J. L. Gaumet; A. Petitpa
Thermal Conductivity Spectroscopy Technique to Measure Phonon Mean Free Paths
Size effects in heat conduction, which occur when phonon mean free paths (MFPs) are comparable to characteristic lengths, are being extensively explored in many nanoscale systems for energy applications. Knowledge of MFPs ...
Schmidt, A. J.
Combining Path Integration and Remembered Landmarks When Navigating without Vision
This study investigated the interaction between remembered landmark and path integration strategies for estimating current location when walking in an environment without vision. We asked whether observers navigating without ...
Schrater, Paul R.
Loop Current Eddy Paths in the Western Gulf of Mexico
The paths of anticyclonic Loop Current eddies in the western Gulf of Mexico have been investigated using ARGOS-tracked drifters accompanied by hydrographic surveys. The analysis used orbit parameters derived from a least square fit of a ...
Peter Hamilton; G. S. Fargion; D. C. Biggs
A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast | Department of Energy
A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast September 30, 2010 - 11:45am Addthis A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast Bill Valdez Bill Valdez Principal Deputy Director The Gulf Coast is a gate for commerce, producer of seafood, oil and natural gas, host to diverse ecosystems, home to millions and it's future is intertwined with the future of this Nation. Our country has made a promise to the people and small businesses of the Gulf Coast to restore their environment, economy and health, and continue a conversation with the fisherman, environmental workers, elected officials, health officials, scientists and Gulf residents on how to restore the Gulf. Those conversations and our promise to the Gulf are laid out in U.S. Navy Secretary Ray Mabus' report, which was released on Tuesday and presented
A Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future
Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future The DOE Office of Indian Energy's approach is, first and foremost, a collaborative one. Led by Director Tracey A. LeBeau (Cheyenne River Sioux), the office works with tribal nations, federal agencies, state governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to develop the considerable energy resources that exist on Indian lands. To guide the strategic planning and implementation of the department's tribal
Initial Studies Toward Real-Time Transmission Path Rating
Demand continues to increase while transmission line construction is being constrained by multiple factors� economic, environmental, and political. Effective and efficient utilization of transmission lines is thus of great importance in an open access environment. Large blocks of power are transferred from areas with inexpensive generation to heavy load demand areas or areas with high generation costs. This results in some transmission paths being loaded closer to their path ratings, which limits further power transfer between areas. Traditionally, rating of important paths was determined off line by assuming the worst-case study scenario; once determined, it could be used for years. With increasing uncertainty arising from rapid growth of renewable energy and smart technologies, path rating studies are needed in near-real time to account for the latest system status and support a reliable and economic power grid. This paper adopts a simplified procedure based on standards of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to determine total transfer capability (TTC) or transfer limit for the purpose of demonstrating the benefits and necessity of real-time path rating. Initial studies are conducted to compute TTC of a two-area test system and a 39-bus test system. Results indicate that path rating can be significantly affected by loading conditions, generator schedules, system topology and other factors.
Singh, Ruchi; Diao, Ruisheng; Cai, Niannian; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuck, Brian; Guo, Xinxin
It is almost sixty years since Emil Fischer was describing on a platform such as this one some of the work which led to the basic knowledge of the structure of glucose and its relatives. Today we will be concerned with a description of the experiments which have led to a knowledge of the principal reactions by which those carbohydrate structures are created by photosynthetic organisms from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of light. The speculations on the way in which carbohydrate was built from carbon dioxide began not long after the recognition of the basic reaction and were carried forward first by Justus von Liebig and then by Adolf von Baeyer and, finally, by Richard Wilstatter and Arthur Stoll into this century. Actually, the route by which animal organisms performed the reverse reaction, that is, the combustion of carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and water with the utilization of the energy resulting from this combination, turned out to be the first one to be successfully mapped, primarily by Otto Meyerhoi and Hans Krebs. Our own interest in the basic process of solar energy conversion by green plants began some time in the years between 1935 and 1937, during my postdoctoral studies with Professor Michael Polanyi at Manchester. It was there I first became conscious of the remarkable properties of coordinated metal compounds, particularly metalloporphyins as represented by heme and chlorophyll. A study was begun at that time, which is still continuing, on the electronic behavior of such metalloporphyrins. It was extended and generalized by the stimulus of Professor Gilbert N. Lewis upon my arrival in Berkeley. I hope these continuing studies may one day contribute to the understanding of the precise way in which chlorophyll and its relatives accomplish the primary quantum conversion into chemical potential which is used to drive the carbohydrate synthesis reaction.
Calvin, Melvin (Nobel Prize lecture)
Ultrasonic Phased Array Assessment of the Interference Fit and Leak Path of the North Anna Unit 2 Control Rod Drive Mechanism Nozzle 63 with Destructive Validation
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic testing (UT) for primary water leak path assessments of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) upper head penetrations. Operating reactors have experienced leakage when stress corrosion cracking of nickel-based alloy penetrations allowed primary water into the annulus of the interference fit between the penetration and the low-alloy steel RPV head. In this investigation, UT leak path data were acquired for an Alloy 600 control rod drive mechanism nozzle penetration, referred to as Nozzle 63, which was removed from the North Anna Unit 2 reactor when the RPV head was replaced in 2002. In-service inspection prior to the head replacement indicated that Nozzle 63 had a probable leakage path through the interference fit region. Nozzle 63 was examined using a phased-array UT probe with a 5.0-MHz, eight-element annular array. Immersion data were acquired from the nozzle inner diameter surface. The UT data were interpreted by comparing to responses measured on a mockup penetration with known features. Following acquisition of the UT data, Nozzle 63 was destructively examined to determine if the features identified in the UT examination, including leakage paths and crystalline boric acid deposits, could be visually confirmed. Additional measurements of boric acid deposit thickness and low-alloy steel wastage were made to assess how these factors affect the UT response. The implications of these findings for interpreting UT leak path data are described.
Crawford, Susan L.; Cinson, Anthony D.; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Hanson, Brady D.; Mathews, Royce
RPS: range-based path selection method for concurrent multipath transfer
Throughput of Concurrent Multipath Transfer varies with different path selection schemes. As the number of path increases, the path selection solution space increases exponentially while receiving buffer efficiency decreases. To solve this problem, we ... Keywords: CMT, multipath, path selection, range-based, receive buffer, transport layer
Wang Yang; Hewu Li; Fenghua Li; Qian Wu; Jianping Wu
Fast false path identification based on functional unsensitizability using RTL information
In this paper, we propose a method for identifying false paths based on functional unsensitizability of path delay faults. By using RTL structural information, a number of gate level paths are bound into an RTL path and the bundle of them can be identified ...
Yuki Yoshikawa; Satoshi Ohtake; Tomoo Inoue; Hideo Fujiwara
The two-equal-disjoint path cover problem of Matching Composition Network
Embedding of paths have attracted much attention in the parallel processing. Many-to-many communication is one of the most central issues in various interconnection networks. A graph G is globally two-equal-disjoint path coverable if for any two distinct ... Keywords: Hamiltonian-connectivity, Interconnection networks, Matching Composition Networks, Two-equal-disjoint path cover, k disjoint path cover
Pao-Lien Lai; Hong-Chun Hsu
Solar technologies and the soft path: an empirical examination
A US national probability sample of 2023 traditional energy users and a purposive sample of 3809 solar energy technology owners are compared to assess whether those who owned solar energy technologies in 1980 have more soft path preferences (SPP) (e.g., attitudes and behaviors compatible with soft energy path developments) than do those who did not own such technologies. It is suggested that SPP is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the social structural transformation of society to the soft energy path proposed by Amory Lovins. A soft-path preferences scale is developed. The scale values for solar and nonsolar homeowners, for active and passive solar technology owners, and for those owing the technologies for four different time periods are compared. The nonsolar homeowners, passive technology owners, and those who owned the technologies from one to five years have the highest SPP scores. The greatest differences were found in the dimension of natural resources conservation. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to examine an extension and specification of Lovins' theory of soft-energy-path development. A model is created which focuses on the process of SPP development. Energy vulnerability needs, contextual resources, type of solar technologies, technological problems, and evaluation are the independent variables of the model.
Lodwick, D.G.
New Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward | Department of Energy
Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward New Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward December 12, 2012 - 2:29pm Addthis Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity. Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity. Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity.
LANL researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds, candidates
Researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds Researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds LANL researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds, candidates for advanced nuclear fuels Enhance the ability to develop advanced nuclear fuels in a safer, simpler manner. April 7, 2011 This illustration shows the structures of UI4(1,4-dioxane)2 (left) and the UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 complexes. This illustration shows the structures of UI4(1,4-dioxane)2 (left) and the UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 complexes. Contact Kevin Roark Communicatons Office (505) 665-9202 Email LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico, April 7, 2010- Advances made by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory could enhance the ability of scientists to develop advanced nuclear fuels in a safer, simpler manner. Uranium chemistry research relies heavily on a variety of uranium "starting
A Heat Capacity Estimator for Fourier Path Integral Simulations
Previous heat capacity estimators useful in path integral simulations have variances that grow with the number of path variables included. In the present work a new specific heat estimator for Fourier path integral Monte Carlo simulations is derived using methods similar to those used in developing virial energy estimators. The resulting heat capacity estimator has a variance that is roughly independent of the number of Fourier coe#cients (k max ) included, and the asymptotic convergence rate is shown to be proportional to 1/k 2 max when partial averaging is included. Quantum Monte Carlo simulations are presented to test the estimator using two one-dimensional models and for Lennard-Jones representations of Ne 13 . For finite kmax , using numerical methods, the calculated heat capacity is found to diverge at low temperatures for the potential functions studied in this work. Extrapolation methods enable useful results to be determined over a wide temperature range. Typeset using REVT...
J. P. Neirotti; David L. Freeman; J. D. Doll
Effective Graph Clustering for Path Queries in Digital Map Databases
In this paper, we present an experimental evaluation of graph clustering strategies in terms of their effectiveness in optimizing I/O for path query processing in digital map databases. Clustering optimization is attractive because it does not incurs any run-time cost, and is complimentary to many of the existing techniques in path query optimization. We first propose a novel graph clustering technique, called Spatial Partition Clustering (SPC), that creates balanced partitions of links based on the spatial proximity of their origin nodes. We then select three alternative clustering techniques from the literature, namely two-way partitioning, approximately topological clustering, and random clustering, to compare their performance in path query processing with SPC. Experimental evaluation indicates that our SPC performs the best for the high-locality graphs (such as GIS maps), whereas the two-way partitioning approach performs the best for no-locality random graphs. 1 Introduction 1....
Yun-Wu Huang; Ning Jing; Elke A. Rundensteiner
What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward |
Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward June 19, 2012 - 10:41am Addthis Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. What does this project do? The Nuclear Energy University Program, has provided MIT and 78 other schools with $220 million in research grants and related support. Investing in the next generation isn't just about technology -- it's
DOE Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership |
Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership DOE Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership August 3, 2006 - 8:39am Addthis Department Announces $20 Million for GNEP Siting Studies and Seeks Further Coordination with Industry WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $20 million to conduct detailed siting studies for public or commercial entities interested in hosting DOE's Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) facilities. Entities could qualify to receive up to $5 million per site. DOE also announced that it is seeking expressions of interest to obtain input from U.S. and international nuclear industry on the feasibility of accelerating development and deployment of advanced recycling technologies by proceeding with commercial scale demonstration
Technology Analysis - Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study
Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study: Vehicle Characterization and Scenario Analyses Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study: Vehicle Characterization and Scenario Analyses The Multi-Path Study began by defining the basic physical characteristics of future advanced midsize cars and midsize SUVs with drivetrain technologies ranging from advanced SI and CI (diesel) engine-based conventional drivetrains through hybrid drivetrains (including plug-ins), to fuel cell hybrids and plug-in hybrids, through pure-electric drivetrains. The study evaluates these vehicles fuel economy using Argonnes PSAT simulation model, estimates their costs, and does detailed analyses of their cost-effectiveness, balancing first costs against fuel savings. The study uses a version of the National Energy Modeling System (developed by the Energy Information Administration in the U.S. Department of Energy) to evaluate several scenarios assuming different vehicle costs (one set based on a literature review, one based on DOE goals) and availability of purchase subsidies.
What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward June 19, 2012 - 10:41am Addthis Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. What does this project do? The Nuclear Energy University Program, has provided MIT and 78 other schools with $220 million in research grants and related support.
Water Quality
Water Quality Water Quality We protect water quality through stormwater control measures and an extensive network of monitoring wells and stations encompassing groundwater, surface...
FESAC White Paper Path to Market for Compact Systems July 2012 The Path to Market for Compact Modular Fusion Power Cores1
FESAC White Paper Path to Market for Compact Systems July 2012 The Path to Market for Compact of Representatives (2010) #12;FESAC White Paper Path to Market for Compact Systems July 2012 (TRL) of a technology) distributed power generation. These units can be added to existing facilities when and where needed, or phased
been implemented to increase the number of value-added products to include cloud particle phase and effective size (r e or effective ice diameter D e ) as well as LWP and ice water...
Linking Bayesian networks and PLS path modeling for causal analysis
Causal knowledge based on causal analysis can advance the quality of decision-making and thereby facilitate a process of transforming strategic objectives into effective actions. Several creditable studies have emphasized the usefulness of causal analysis ... Keywords: Bayesian network, Causal analysis, PLS path modeling
Wei Wen Wu
Adaptive Path-Based Multicast on Wormhole-Routed Hypercubes
In this paper, we consider path-based multicast on wormhole-routed hypercubes. A minimum set of routing restrictions is used as the base routing algorithm. To correctly perform multicast, we present the natural list to sort the destination nodes. It ...
Chien-Min Wang; Yomin Hou; Lih-Hsing Hsu
Allinea DDT: Your Partner in Finding Debugged Paths on Mira
for > 1 year Petascaled infrastructure and UI Scaling for IBM Blue Gene /P Acceptance testing at ALCF Scaling for IBM Blue Gene /Q Addressing ALCF requirements Early access for IBM Blue Gene /Q expected.alcf.anl.gov/sites/www.alcf.anl.gov/files/L2PAllinea_0.pdf #12;A Path to Petascale on IBM BG /P Phase
Kemner, Ken
Designing Snakey: A Tangible User Interface Supporting Well Path Planning
is a fundamental task present in different stages of oil/gas field development from early exploration to production intuitive manipulation and interaction with 3D curves, common to underground well path exploration, but rather to augment them with tangible and collaborative interaction, facilitating spatial exploration
Multi-agent navigation using path-based vector fields
We present an approach to multi-agent navigation, that is based on generating potential-fields from A*-paths. We will introduce and compare two algorithms: 1) a geometrical algorithm that is based on quads, and 2) an images-based algorithm. We show empirically ...
Tristan Behrens; Randolf Sch�rfig; Tim Winkler
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Richland Operations Office (RL) has adopted the 2015 Vision for Cleanup of the Hanford Site. This vision will protect the Columbia River, reduce the Site footprint, and reduce Site mortgage costs. The CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company's (CHPRC) Waste and Fuels Management Project (W&FMP) and their partners support this mission by providing centralized waste management services for the Hanford Site waste generating organizations. At the time of the CHPRC contract award (August 2008) slightly more than 9,000 m{sup 3} of waste was defined as 'no-path-forward waste.' The majority of these wastes are suspect transuranic mixed (TRUM) wastes which are currently stored in the low-level Burial Grounds (LLBG), or stored above ground in the Central Waste Complex (CWC). A portion of the waste will be generated during ongoing and future site cleanup activities. The DOE-RL and CHPRC have collaborated to identify and deliver safe, cost-effective disposition paths for 90% ({approx}8,000 m{sup 3}) of these problematic wastes. These paths include accelerated disposition through expanded use of offsite treatment capabilities. Disposal paths were selected that minimize the need to develop new technologies, minimize the need for new, on-site capabilities, and accelerate shipments of transuranic (TRU) waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, New Mexico.
Mitigating multi-path fading in a mobile mesh network
By using robots as routers, a team of networked robots can provide a communication substrate to establish a wireless mesh network. The mobile mesh network can autonomously optimize its configuration, increasing performance. One of the main sources of ... Keywords: Complex environments, Distributed optimization, Experimental and prototype results, Mobile and wireless ad-hoc networks, Multi-path fading
Marcos A. M. Vieira, Matthew E. Taylor, Prateek Tandon, Manish Jain, Ramesh Govindan, Gaurav S. Sukhatme, Milind Tambe
Generating analyses for detecting faults in path segments
Although static bug detectors are extensively applied, there is a cost in using them. One challenge is that static analysis often reports a large number of false positives but little diagnostic information. Also, individual bug detectors need to be built ... Keywords: demand-driven, generate analysis, path segment, specification
Wei Le; Mary Lou Soffa
An optimum robot path planning with payload constraints
This paper presents a general methodology for the off-line planning of optimal trajectory of robot manipulators by taking into account the grasping forces in the manipulator gripper. The mechanical energy of the actuators has been considered for the ... Keywords: Path planning, Payload constraints, Programming, Robotics
Sezimaria F. P. Saramago; Marco Ceccarelli
Land mine detecting robot capable of path planning
The purpose of Landmine detecting robot is to cover maximum possible area, presentation of landmines and the left over area on a visual map with accuracy in millimeters. This paper presents a prototype model of land mine detecting robot that is powerful ... Keywords: PIC microcontroller, graphical user interface, image processing, land mine detection, robot path mapping
Muhammad Zubair; Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry
UAV Path Planning for Structure Inspection in Windy Environments
In this paper, we consider the structure inspection problem using a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The influence of the wind on the UAV behavior and onboard energy limitations are important parameters that must be taken into account in the ... Keywords: Path planning, Traveling salesman problem, Vehicle routing problem, Zermelo navigation
Jose Alfredo Guerrero; Yasmina Bestaoui
Supercomputer Architectures: The Path to Tera/PetaFLOPS
Trillions of Data Items in RAM! Example: 1 KM grid over USA 4000x2000x100 = 800 million grid points If eachSupercomputer Architectures: The Path to Tera/PetaFLOPS Stephen Jenks Electrical Engineering and Computer Science email@example.com #12;UCI EECS Scalable Parallel and Distributed Systems Lab 2 Mostly Worked
Shinozuka, Masanobu
Doppler Cloud Radar Derived Drop Size Distributions in Liquid Water Stratus Clouds
A cloud particle size retrieval algorithm that uses radar reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity obtained by a 35-GHz Doppler radar and liquid water path estimated from microwave radiometer radiance measurements is developed to infer the size ...
Seiji Kato; Gerald G. Mace; Eugene E. Clothiaux; James C. Liljegren; Richard T. Austin
Precipitation and Water Vapor Transport in the Southern Hemisphere with Emphasis on the South American Region
December�March climatologies of precipitation and vertically integrated water vapor transport were analyzed and compared to find the main paths by which moisture is fed to high-rainfall regions in the Southern Hemisphere in this season. The ...
Josefina Moraes Arraut; Prakki Satyamurty
Model analysis of the anthropogenic aerosol effect on clouds over East Asia
A coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry) was used to conduct a pair of simulations with present-day (PD) and preindustrial (PI) emissions over East Asia to examine the aerosol indirect effect on clouds. As a result of an increase in aerosols in January, the cloud droplet number increased by 650 cm{sup -3} over the ocean and East China, 400 cm{sup -3} over Central and Southwest China, and less than 200 cm{sup -3} over North China. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) increased by 40-60 g m{sup -2} over the ocean and Southeast China and 30 g m{sup -2} over Central China; the LWP increased less than 5 g m{sup -2} or decreased by 5 g m{sup -2} over North China. The effective radius (Re) decreased by more than 4 {mu}m over Southwest, Central, and Southeast China and 2 {mu}m over North China. In July, variations in cloud properties were more uniform; the cloud droplet number increased by approximately 250-400 cm{sup -3}, the LWP increased by approximately 30-50 g m{sup -2}, and Re decreased by approximately 3 {mu}m over most regions of China. In response to cloud property changes from PI to PD, shortwave (SW) cloud radiative forcing strengthened by 30 W m{sup -2} over the ocean and 10 W m{sup -2} over Southeast China, and it weakened slightly by approximately 2-10 W m{sup -2} over Central and Southwest China in January. In July, SW cloud radiative forcing strengthened by 15 W m{sup -2} over Southeast and North China and weakened by 10 W m{sup -2} over Central China. The different responses of SW cloud radiative forcing in different regions was related to cloud feedbacks and natural variability.
Gao, Yi; Zhang, Meigen; Liu, Xiaohong; Zhao, Chun
Quantum Path Interference through Incoherent Motions in Multilevel Quantum Systems
The fluctuating incoherent environment in the condensed phase plays an important role in the dynamics and steady states of open quantum systems. The most fascinating aspect in open quantum systems is quantum coherence induced by path interference of incoherent motions. We propose a modified Ehrenfest scheme to study the path interference of incoherent motions in multi-level quantum systems. The detailed balance is enforced by considering the quantum correction of two-time correction functions based on second order master (rate) equations. With the modified Ehrenfest method, we can study the steady state populations and other quantum observables under different thermal dynamic conditions, such as energy relaxation and non-Markovian effects. For the three level system under incoherent coupling, we show how the steady state populations are influenced by the quantum path interference of incoherent fluctuations (Agarwal-Fano-like interference). We discuss the modified Ehrenfest method and its connection with stochastic Langevin equations and second order master equations. Most existing quantum MD simulation methods, particularly Master equation techniques, fall into the category of the weak coupling limit due to the nature of detailed balance. Although the modified Ehrenfest method is amicable to second-order master equations, it is actually a better way to model the quantum path interference since it preserves multi-time memory kernels. Therefore, it enables us to study the quantum path interference. This method can be used as quantum MD simulators for large open quantum systems like solar cell, (organic) LED, etc. The future extension of this method beyond the modified Ehrenfest scheme can be done with efficient wavepacket propagation methods by treating the bath modes in full quantum mechanical way.
Xin Chen
Water budget for SRP burial ground area
Radionuclide migration from the SRP burial ground for solid low-level waste has been studied extensively. Most of the buried radionuclides are fixed on the soil and show negligible movement. The major exception is tritium, which when leached from the waste by percolating rainfall, forms tritiated water and moves with the groundwater. The presence of tritium has been useful in tracing groundwater flow paths to outcrop. A subsurface tritium plume moving from the southwest corner of the burial ground toward an outcrop near Four Mile Creek has been defined. Groundwater movement is so slow that much of the tritium decays before reaching the outcrop. The burial ground tritium plume defined to date is virtually all in the uppermost sediment layer, the Barnwell Formation. The purpose of the study reported in this memorandum was to investigate the hypothesis that deeper flow paths, capable of carrying substantial amounts of tritium, may exist in the vicinity of the burial ground. As a first step in seeking deeper flow paths, a water budget was constructed for the burial ground site. The water budget, a materials balance used by hydrologists, is expressed in annual area inches of rainfall. Components of the water budget for the burial ground area were analyzed to determine whether significant flow paths may exist below the tan clay. Mean annual precipitation was estimated as 47 inches, with evapotranspiration, run-off, and groundwater recharge estimated as 30, 2, and 15 inches, respectively. These estimates, when combined with groundwater discharge data, suggest that 5 inches of the groundwater recharge flow above the tan clay and that 10 inches flow below the tan clay. Therefore, two-thirds of the groundwater recharge appears to follow flow paths that are deeper than those previously found. 13 references, 10 figures, 5 tables.
Hubbard, J.E.; Emslie, R.H.
Turbid water Clear water
: The submersible laser bathymetric (LBath) optical system is capable of simultaneously providing visual images- dynamical wing. This underwater package is pulled through the water by a single towed cable with fiber optic special high energy density optical fibers. A remote Pentium based PC also at the surface is used
Jaffe, Jules
Deconstructing internet paths: an approach for AS-level detour route discovery
Detour paths provide overlay networks with improved performance and resilience. Finding good detour routes with methods that scale to millions of nodes is a challenging problem. We propose a novel approach for decentralised discovery of detour paths ...
Sing Wang Ho; Thom Haddow; Jonathan Ledlie; Moez Draief; Peter Pietzuch
Scientists at ALS Find New Path to More Efficient Organic Solar...
Scientists at ALS Find New Path to More Efficient Organic Solar Cells Scientists at ALS Find New Path to More Efficient Organic Solar Cells Print Monday, 07 January 2013 00:00...
PATH OF CARBON I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XI THEl ROLE OF GLYCOLICa TIE PATH OF CARBQM IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XI Lo Schou, A o A oCvhose observed i n C l O2 photosynthesis. A major reaction
Schou, L.; Benson, A.A.; Bassham, J.A.; Calvin, M.
Assessing the impact of automated path planning aids in the maritime community
In the area of merchant maritime navigation, electronic charts are a relatively new tool. As a result, navigational path planning environments that allow users to manually enter a path onto an electronic chart are becoming ...
Buchin, Mariela E
Honea Path, South Carolina: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Honea Path, South Carolina: Energy Resources Honea Path, South Carolina: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 34.4465018°, -82.3915121° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":34.4465018,"lon":-82.3915121,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Two Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy
Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Efficiency: Bottom Up versus Top Down Laura Van Wie McGrory, Philip Coleman, David Fridley, and Jeffrey Harris, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Edgar Villaseñor Franco, Promoting an Energy-efficient Public Sector (PEPS) ABSTRACT The evolution of government purchasing initiatives in Mexico and China, part of the PEPS (Promoting an Energy-efficient Public Sector) program, demonstrates the need for flexibility in designing energy-efficiency strategies in the public sector. Several years of pursuing a top-down (federally led) strategy in Mexico produced few results, and it was not until the program was restructured in 2004 to focus on municipal-level purchasing that the program
The Data Vortex, an All Optical Path Multicomputer Interconnection Network
All optical path interconnection networks employing dense wavelength division multiplexing can provide vast improvements in supercomputer performance. However, the lack of efficient optical buffering requires investigation of new topologies and routing techniques. This paper introduces and evaluates the Data Vortex optical switching architecture which uses cylindrical routing paths as a packet buffering alternative. In addition, the impact of the number of angles on the overall network performance is studied through simulation. Using optimal topology configurations, the Data Vortex is compared to two existing switching architectures�butterfly and omega networks. The three networks are compared in terms of throughput, accepted traffic ratio, and average packet latency. The Data Vortex is shown to exhibit comparable latency and a higher acceptance rate (2x at 50 percent load) than the butterfly and omega topologies.
Cory Hawkins; Benjamin A. Small; D. Scott Wills; Keren Bergman
Gas-path leakage seal for a turbine
A gas-path leakage seal for generally sealing a gas-path leakage-gap between spaced-apart first and second members of a turbine (such as combustor casing segments of a gas turbine). The seal includes a flexible and generally imperforate metal sheet assemblage having opposing first and second surfaces and two opposing raised edges extending a generally identical distance above and below the surfaces. A first cloth layer assemblage has a thickness generally equal to the previously-defined identical distance and is superimposed on the first surface between the raised edges. A second cloth layer assemblage is generally identical to the first cloth layer assemblage and is superimposed on the second surface between the raised edges.
Bagepalli, Bharat Sampathkumaran (Niskayuna, NY); Aksit, Mahmut Faruk (Troy, NY); Farrell, Thomas Raymond (Simpsonville, SC)
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A gas-path leakage seal for generally sealing a gas-path leakage-gap between spaced-apart first and second members of a turbine (such as combustor casing segments of a gas turbine). The seal includes a flexible and generally imperforate metal sheet assemblage having opposing first and second surfaces and two opposing raised edges extending a generally identical distance above and below the surfaces. A first cloth layer assemblage has a thickness generally equal to the previously-defined identical distance and is superimposed on the first surface between the raised edges. A second cloth layer assemblage is generally identical to the first cloth layer assemblage and is superimposed on the second surface between the raised edges. 5 figs.
Bagepalli, B.S.; Aksit, M.F.; Farrell, T.R.
A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds Print A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds Print Hydrogen bonds are found everywhere in chemistry and biology and are critical in DNA and RNA. A hydrogen bond results from the attractive dipolar interaction of a chemical group containing a hydrogen atom with a group containing an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, in the same or a different molecule. Conventional wisdom has it that proton transfer from one molecule to another can only happen via hydrogen bonds. Recently, a team of Berkeley Lab and University of Southern California researchers, using the ALS, discovered to their surprise that in some cases, protons can find ways to transfer even when hydrogen bonds are blocked. Sometimes You Have to
New Accelerator to Study Steps on the Path to Fusion
Accelerator Will Accelerator Will Study Steps on the Path to Fusion Power New Accelerator Will Study Steps on the Path to Fusion Power Unusual Machine Tailor-made to Examine Heavy-ion Fusion May 10, 2012 The accelerator, looking "downstream." In the foreground is the grounded cage th The accelerator, looking "downstream." In the foreground is the grounded cage that encloses the 150,000-volt injector. See more photos at http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2012/05/08/ndcx-accelerator/ (Photo: Roy Kaltschmidt, LBNL) The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment, NDCX-II has recently marked successful completion. Designed with the aid of computer simulations executed at NERSC, the accelerator was created to study warm dense matter, an important research field in itself and particularly relevant to nuclear
Water Intoxication
2008, May 14). Too much water raises seizure risk in babies.id=4844 9. Schoenly, Lorry. �Water Intoxication and Inmates:article/246650- overview>. 13. Water intoxication alert. (
Lingampalli, Nithya
Quantum path interferences or resonances in multilevel dissipative quantum systems play an important and intriguing role in the transport processes of nanoscale systems. Many previous minimalistic models used to describe the quantum path interference driven by incoherent fields are based on the approximations including the second order perturbation for the weak coupling limit, the ad-hoc choices of two-time correlation functions and $\\it{etc}$. On the other hand, the similar model to study the non-adiabatic molecular electronic excitation have been extensively developed and many efficient quantum molecular dynamics simulation schemes, such as the Ehrenfest scheme, have been proposed. In this paper, I aim to propose an unified model, extend the Ehrenfest scheme to study the interactions of system-light and system-phonon simultaneously and gain insight into and principles of the roles of quantum path interferences in the realistic molecular systems. I discuss how to derive the time-dependent stochastic Schr$\\ddot{o}$dinger equation from the Ehrenfest scheme as a foundation to discuss the detailed balance for the weak coupling limit and therefore the quantum correction in the Ehrenfest scheme. Different from the master equation technique, the Ehrenfest scheme doesn't need any specific assumptions about spectral densities and two time correlation functions. With simple open two-level and three-level quantum systems, I show the effect of the quantum path interference on the steady state populations. Currently I only focus on the role of the phonon thermal reservoir. The electromagnetic field (solar light) will be modeled as a thermal reservoir and discussed in detail in the future paper.
A Rigorous Path Integral Construction in any Dimension
We propose a new rigorous time-slicing construction of the phase space Path Integrals for propagators both in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory for a fairly general class of quantum observables (e.g. the Schroedinger hamiltonians with smooth scalar potentials of any power growth). Moreover we allow time-dependent hamiltonians and a great variety of discretizations, in particular, the standard, Weyl, and normal ones.
Alexander Dynin
Dynamical paths and universality in continuous variables open systems
We address the dynamics of quantum correlations in continuous variable open systems and analyze the evolution of bipartite Gaussian states in independent noisy channels. In particular, upon introducing the notion of dynamical path through a suitable parametrization for symmetric states, we focus attention on phenomena that are common to Markovian and non-Markovian Gaussian maps under the assumptions of weak coupling and secular approximation. We found that the dynamical paths in the parameter space are universal, that is they do depend only on the initial state and on the effective temperature of the environment, with non Markovianity that manifests itself in the velocity of running over a given path. This phenomenon allows one to map non-Markovian processes onto Markovian ones and it may reduce the number of parameters needed to study a dynamical process, e.g. it may be exploited to build constants of motions valid for both Markovian and non-Markovian maps. Universality is also observed in the value of Gaussian discord at the separability threshold, which itself is a function of the sole initial conditions in the limit of high temperature. We also prove the existence of excluded regions in the parameter space, i.e. of sets of states which cannot be linked by any Gaussian dynamical map.
Andrea Cazzaniga; Sabrina Maniscalco; Stefano Olivares; Matteo G. A. Paris
Convergence Characteristics of the Cumulant Expansion for Fourier Path Integrals
The cumulant representation of the Fourier path integral method is examined to determine the asymptotic convergence characteristics of the imaginary-time density matrix with respect to the number of path variables $N$ included. It is proved that when the cumulant expansion is truncated at order $p$, the asymptotic convergence rate of the density matrix behaves like $N^{-(2p+1)}$. The complex algebra associated with the proof is simplified by introducing a diagrammatic representation of the contributing terms along with an associated linked-cluster theorem. The cumulant terms at each order are expanded in a series such that the the asymptotic convergence rate is maintained without the need to calculate the full cumulant at order $p$. Using this truncated expansion of each cumulant at order $p$, the numerical cost in developing Fourier path integral expressions having convergence order $N^{-(2p+1)}$ is shown to be approximately linear in the number of required potential energy evaluations making the method promising for actual numerical implementation.
Sharif D. Kunikeev; David L. Freeman; J. D. Doll
Reaction paths and free energy profiles for conformational transitions: An internal coordinate approach
Reaction paths and free energy profiles for conformational transitions: An internal coordinate to study in Cartesian space. A procedure to obtain reaction paths and free energy profiles in solution is also proposed. The free energy profile along the path in solution is calculated utilizing a free energy
Lazaridis, Themis
Complexity results on labeled shortest path problems from wireless routing metrics
Metrics to assess the cost of paths through networks are critical to ensuring the efficiency of network routing. This is particularly true in multi-radio multi-hop wireless networks. Effective metrics for these networks must measure the cost of a wireless ... Keywords: Approximation algorithms, Labeled paths, Shortest paths, Wireless routing metrics
Charles B. Ward; Nathan M. Wiegand
A review of path planning and mapping technologies for autonomous mobile robot systems
This paper presents a review of various technologies for autonomous movement of a robot. Path planning is the process of generating a collision free path to the goal. Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) is the process of creating a map of the ... Keywords: SLAM, anytime search algorithm, hippocampus, hybrid map, incremental search algorithm, localization, mapping, path planning, topological map
Nitin Kumar Dhiman; Dipti Deodhare; Deepak Khemani
From link dynamics to path lifetime and packet-length optimization in MANETs
We present an analytical framework and statistical models to accurately characterize the lifetime of a wireless link and multi-hop paths in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). We show that the lifetimes of links and paths can be computed through a two-state ... Keywords: Analytical mobility modeling, Link dynamics, Markov model, Optimal information segmentation, Path lifetime
Xianren Wu; Hamid R. Sadjadpour; J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
Robot path generation method for a welding system based on pseudo stereo visual servo control
A path generation method for robot-based welding systems is proposed. The method that is a modification of the method "teaching by showing" is supported by the recently developed pseudo stereovision system (PSVS). A path is generated by means of the ... Keywords: calibration, complex image, path generation, pseudo stereovision system, robotic application humanPT, target-object
Theodore P. Pachidis; Kostas N. Tarchanidis; John N. Lygouras; Philippos G. Tsalides
Water Snakes
of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation WATER SNAKES Contrary to popular belief, the Water Moccasin commonly known as the...
Pharmaceutical Waters
Table 3 Water treatment process for water for injection (WFI)...deionization WFI production Evaporation still or vapor compression...
Retrieval of Cloud Ice Water Path from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS)
The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-16 spacecraft measures the Earth-emitted radiation at frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz. From its high-frequency channels at 91 and 150 GHz, ...
Ninghai Sun; Fuzhong Weng
Calculation of heat capacities of light and heavy water by path-integral molecular dynamics
in hydro- gen bonding would make a large shift in the fluctuation of energy, the heat capacity. This is one Motoyuki Shigaa Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering, Japan Atomic Energy Research property defined as the temperature derivative of the internal energy. However, it is not so simple
Nielsen, Steven O.
Evaluation of Forecasted Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL and ECMWF Models
We examine forecasts of Southeast Pacific stratocumulus at 20S and 85W during the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) cruise of October 2001 with the ECMWF model, the Atmospheric Model (AM) from GFDL, the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) from NCAR, and the CAM with a revised atmospheric boundary layer formulation from the University of Washington (CAM-UW). The forecasts are initialized from ECMWF analyses and each model is run for 3 days to determine the differences with the EPIC field data. Observations during the EPIC cruise show a stable and well-mixed boundary layer under a sharp inversion. The inversion height and the cloud layer have a strong and regular diurnal cycle. A key problem common to the four models is that the forecasted planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is too low when compared to EPIC observations. All the models produce a strong diurnal cycle in the Liquid Water Path (LWP) but there are large differences in the amplitude and the phase compared to the EPIC observations. This, in turn, affects the radiative fluxes at the surface. There is a large spread in the surface energy budget terms amongst the models and large discrepancies with observational estimates. Single Column Model (SCM) experiments with the CAM show that the vertical pressure velocity has a large impact on the PBL height and LWP. Both the amplitude of the vertical pressure velocity field and its vertical structure play a significant role in the collapse or the maintenance of the PBL.
Hannay, C; Williamson, D L; Hack, J J; Kiehl, J T; Olson, J G; Klein, S A; Bretherton, C S; K?hler, M
Investigating Water
This 3-ring binder contains teaching plans for 12 lessons on topics such as "Water in Our Daily Lives," "The Water Cycle," "Amazing Aquifers," "Water and Soil," "Aquatic Ecosystems," and "Water Wise Use." Accompanying each lesson plan are activity and record sheets for hands-on learning experiences. This curriculum is intended for students in about 4th to 8th grades.
Howard Jr., Ronald A.
ARM - VAP Process - mwrret
Productsmwrret Productsmwrret Documentation & Plots Technical Report Data Management Facility Plots (Quick Looks) ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send VAP : MWR Retrievals (MWRRET) Instrument Categories Cloud Properties, Atmospheric Profiling, Derived Quantities and Models Image - sample data plot Image - sample data plot There are 2-channel (23.8 and 31.4GHz) microwave radiometers (MWRs) deployed at each ARM Climate Research Facility site. The observed brightness temperatures from these MWRs can be inverted to retrieve precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid water path (LWP), both of which are critical variables to understanding radiative transfer in the atmosphere and clouds. The ARM Facility routinely has provided retrieved
Section 58
1 1 Figure 1. Time series of integrated or "precipitable" water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the microwave radiometer. Periods of precipitation were detected by a moisture sensor on the radiometer and are indicated by vertical bars. The circles indicate PWV derived by integrating the radiosondes. Ambient temperatures were acquired from a NEWNET monitoring station located near the radiometer by Los Alamos National Laboratory. The station was removed in mid-March 1996. Evaluation of Microwave Radiometer Performance in Alaska J. C. Liljegren Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction In order to determine the extent to which the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program microwave radiometers would need to be modified to accommodate
July 23, 2008 [Data Announcements, Facility News] July 23, 2008 [Data Announcements, Facility News] Second Version of Long-Term Climate Modeling Best Estimate Data Released Bookmark and Share Version 2 of the Climate Modeling Best Estimate includes the data source information for cloud fraction, as depicted in this data plot. Version 2 of the Climate Modeling Best Estimate includes the data source information for cloud fraction, as depicted in this data plot. With major improvements in the cloud fraction, cloud liquid water path (LWP), precipitable water vapor (PWV), and surface radiative fluxes, a new version of the "Climate Modeling Best Estimate" (CMBE) is now available from the ARM Climate Research Facility Archive. This data set, specifically tailored for use in evaluating global climate models, includes long-term
Assessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth
the Radiative Impact of Clouds of the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth W. O'Hirok and P. Ricchiazzi Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, California C. Gautier Department of Geography and Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, California Introduction Analysis from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) reveals that the global mean cloud optical depth is surprisingly low (i.e., τ = 3.8). While this value is probably dominated by extensive fields of cirrus, the average for liquid water clouds is also likely smaller than expected. It is in this regime (τ <10) where remote measurements of cloud optical thickness or liquid water path (LWP)
Based Cloud Based Cloud Characterization during ISDAC Matthew Shupe University of Colorado & NOAA-ESRL David Turner University of Wisconsin MWR_RET MergedSonde MIXCRA LWP Marry PhaseClass RetClass MICROBASE Arctic Cloud Properties Retrieval System Primary Products: Cloud fraction Cloud type mask Water content (ice and liquid) Water path (ice and liquid) Particle size (ice and liquid) Related Products: In-cloud vertical velocity In-cloud turbulence Optical depth (ice and liquid) "ShupeTurner" MICROBASE Interested in these products? Please contact me: firstname.lastname@example.com Examples: Cloud Phase Mask Super-cooled liquid at top with precipitating ice Cirrus cloud (all-ice) Falling ice glaciates much of cloud layer Derived using phase-specific signatures from radar, lidar,
Step 2. Identify the Code and Compliance Path | Building Energy Codes
2. Identify the Code and Compliance Path 2. Identify the Code and Compliance Path It is important to review the submitted documentation and identify which code was used for the building. Next, to determine whether the building complies with that code, the path used to demonstrate compliance must be identified. There are several compliance paths available in the 2009 and 2012 IECC and ASHRAE Standards 90.1-2007 and 90.1-2010. Each of these codes/standards contains a prescriptive path that clearly states specific requirements. Prescriptive paths limit design freedom. Each of these codes/standards also has a performance-based path that provides more design freedom and can lead to innovative design, but involves more complex energy simulations and tradeoffs between systems. Residential and smaller commercial buildings
TOPIC Brief BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Choosing an Energy Code Compliance Path TOPIC BRIEF 1
Choosing an Energy Code Compliance Path TOPIC BRIEF 1 Choosing an Energy Code Compliance Path TOPIC BRIEF 1 Choosing an Energy Code Compliance Path One challenge that awaits any building designer is choosing the appropriate compliance path through the applicable building energy code. This is not a trivial decision-energy codes are marvels of flexibility, offering multiple compliance paths to suit all types of designers. E ach path has its own pluses and minuses, which may include differences in stringency, complexity, and potentially even limitations on building designs. This topic brief focuses on the compliance paths that are available in the following model codes and standards: * 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and 2012
A Steerable Dual-Channel Microwave Radiometer for Measurement of Water Vapor and Liquid in the Troposphere
An instrument that remotely senses the integrated amounts of water vapor and liquid on a path through the atmosphere is discussed. The vapor and liquid are measured simultaneously but independently by microwave radiometers. Comparison of the ...
D. C. Hogg; F. O. Guiraud; J. B. Snider; M. T. Decker; E. R. Westwater
Intercooler flow path for gas turbines: CFD design and experiments
The Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program was created by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop ultra-high efficiency, environmentally superior, and cost competitive gas turbine systems for generating electricity. Intercooling or cooling of air between compressor stages is a feature under consideration in advanced cycles for the ATS. Intercooling entails cooling of air between the low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP) compressor sections of the gas turbine. Lower air temperature entering the HP compressor decreases the air volume flow rate and hence, the compression work. Intercooling also lowers temperature at the HP discharge, thus allowing for more effective use of cooling air in the hot gas flow path.
Agrawal, A.K.; Gollahalli, S.R.; Carter, F.L. [Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)] [and others
Teleconference: Teleconference: 2. DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation US Department of Energy July 2009 Slides prepared by CRESP DOE EM Landfill Workshop 2 Objective: - Discuss findings & recommendations from ITR visits to DOE facilities - Identify technology gaps and needs to advance EM disposal practice of the future. - Obtain input from experts within and outside of DOE. Panels: Waste subsidence: prediction and impacts Waste forecasting: predicting volumes and WACs Final covers: long-term performance and monitoring Liners: role and need Workshop Approach and Structure * Objective: - Discuss each issue - Evaluate the merits of each issue - Create a prioritized list of technologies needs for Office of
Energy Basics: Water Heating
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Storage Water Heaters Tankless Demand Water Heaters Heat Pump Water Heaters Solar Water Heaters Tankless Coil & Indirect Water Heaters Water Heating A variety of...
RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time
RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time Print Monday, 28 October 2013 08:31 ALS users are invited to check out our web pages detailing our new RAPIDD proposal process. This combined process for Rapid Access Proposals, Industry, and Director's Discretion beam time accommodates users who require limited but rapid access to the ALS. Proposals may be submitted at any time. RAPIDD complements the existing six-month General User Proposal process, which remains the access mechanism of choice for users who require significant beam time for an extended program of research, or for those wanting to perform complex experiments involving setup or reorganization of equipment at a beamline. The ALS structural biology community has been using RAPIDD for a year, with 160 proposals receiving beam time in that period. As of July 2013, RAPIDD access was extended to beamlines 7.3.3 (SAXS/WAXS), 8.3.2 (microtomography) and 11.3.1 (small molecule crystallography) and to users from industrial groups.
Gas-path leakage seal for a gas turbine
A gas-path leakage seal is described for generally sealing a gas-path leakage-gap between spaced-apart first and second members of a gas turbine (such as combustor casing segments). The seal includes a generally imperforate foil-layer assemblage which is generally impervious to gas and is located in the leakage-gap. The seal also includes a cloth-layer assemblage generally enclosingly contacting the foil-layer assemblage. In one seal, the first edge of the foil-layer assemblage is left exposed, and the foil-layer assemblage resiliently contacts the first member near the first edge to reduce leakage in the ``plane`` of the cloth-layer assemblage under conditions which include differential thermal growth of the two members. In another seal, such leakage is reduced by having a first weld-bead which permeates the cloth-layer assemblage, is attached to the metal-foil-layer assemblage near the first edge, and unattachedly contacts the first member. 4 figs.
Wolfe, C.E.; Dinc, O.S.; Bagepalli, B.S.; Correia, V.H.; Aksit, M.F.
Self-Adjusting Networks to Minimize Expected Path Length
Given a network infrastructure (e.g., a grid, data-center or on-chip-network) and a distribution on the source-destination requests, the expected path (route) length is an important measure for the performance, efficiency and power consumption of the network. In this work we initiate a study on self-adjusting networks: networks that use local-distributed mechanisms to adjust the position of the nodes in the network to any distribution of route requests. Finding the optimal placement of nodes is defined as the minimum expected path length (MEPL) problem. While, as we show, the MEPL problem is NP-hard to solve exactly in general we give efficient and simple approximation algorithms for interesting and practically relevant special cases of the problem. E.g., we consider grid networks in which the distribution of requests is a symmetric product distribution. In this setting we show that simple greedy switches, which locally minimize an objective function, achieve good approximation ratios. We are able to prove th...
Avin, Chen; Haeupler, Bernhard; Lotker, Zvi
A gas-path leakage seal for generally sealing a gas-path leakage-gap between spaced-apart first and second members of a gas turbine (such as combustor casing segments). The seal includes a generally imperforate foil-layer assemblage which is generally impervious to gas and is located in the leakage-gap. The seal also includes a cloth-layer assemblage generally enclosingly contacting the foil-layer assemblage. In one seal, the first edge of the foil-layer assemblage is left exposed, and the foil-layer assemblage resiliently contacts the first member near the first edge to reduce leakage in the "plane" of the cloth-layer assemblage under conditions which include differential thermal growth of the two members. In another seal, such leakage is reduced by having a first weld-bead which permeates the cloth-layer assemblage, is attached to the metal-foil-layer assemblage near the first edge, and unattachedly contacts the first member.
Wolfe, Christopher E. (Schenectady, NY); Dinc, Osman S. (Troy, NY); Bagepalli, Bharat S. (Schenectady, NY); Correia, Victor H. (New Lebanon, NY); Aksit, Mahmut F. (Troy, NY)
On models of nonlinear evolution paths in adiabatic quantum algorithms
In this paper, we study two different nonlinear interpolating paths in adiabatic evolution algorithms for solving a particular class of quantum search problems where both the initial and final Hamiltonian are one-dimensional projector Hamiltonians on the corresponding ground state. If the overlap between the initial state and final state of the quantum system is not equal to zero, both of these models can provide a constant time speedup over the usual adiabatic algorithms by increasing some another corresponding "complexity". But when the initial state has a zero overlap with the solution state in the problem, the second model leads to an infinite time complexity of the algorithm for whatever interpolating functions being applied while the first one can still provide a constant running time. However, inspired by a related reference, a variant of the first model can be constructed which also fails for the problem when the overlap is exactly equal to zero if we want to make up the "intrinsic" fault of the second model-an increase in energy. Two concrete theorems are given to serve as explanations why neither of these two models can improve the usual adiabatic evolution algorithms for the phenomenon above. These just tell us what should be noted when using certain nonlinear evolution paths in adiabatic quantum algorithms for some special kind of problems.
Jie Sun; Songfeng Lu; Samuel L. Braunstein
Ground Water
Water Nature Bulletin No. 408-A February 27, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation GROUND WATER We take...
Water Dogs
NA Question: I'd like to know about the water dogs and their life cycle? Replies: Water dog, or mud puppy, is a common name for a type of salamander that never develops lungs, but...
Component-wise method of smoothing the curvature of spatial paths constructed by noisy measurements in robot motion planning problems
A motion planning problem for a robot is considered. A robot follows a path in the manual mode and path coordinates are measured by a GNSS receiver. Repeating this path in the automatic mode requires constructing a geometric path that satisfies certain ...
R. F. Gilimyanov
Computation of Infrared Cooling Rates in the Water Vapor Bands
A fast but accurate method for calculating the infrared radiative terms due to water vapor has been developed. It makes use of the behavior in the far wings of absorption lines to scale transmission along an inhomogencous path to an equivalent ...
Ming Dah Chou; Albert Arking
Trans Fatty Acids in Membranes: The Free Radical Path
Jul 26, 2007 ... terized by the common feature of the water insolubility. The role of lipids in ... this intake with health complications [7], whereas bio- chemical�...
NREL: Water Power Research - Publications
Publications Publications Access NREL publications on water power research. 1st Advanced Marine Renewable Energy Instrumentation Experts Workshop Report. Driscoll, R.; NREL Report No. MP-5000-51584. 2011 Marine and Hydrokinetic Device Modeling Workshop: Final Report. Li, Y.; NREL Report No. TP-5000-51421; DOE/GO-102011-3374. "Commercialization Path and Challenges for Marine Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy." 2011 IEEE PES (Power and Energy Society) General Meeting: The Electrification of Transportation and the Grid of the Future, 24-28 July 2011, Detroit, Michigan. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 8 pp.; NREL Report No. CP-5000-49959. Conventional Hydropower Technologies (Fact Sheet). Wind and Water Power Program (WWPP). (2011). 2 pp.; NREL Report No. FS-5000-52168;
EXTENSION WATER SUMMIT PRIORITY: WATER CONSERVATION Leadership Team Subcommittee: Joan Bradshaw Michael Dukes Pierce Jones Kati Migliaccio #12;Water Conservation - Situation · Florida water supplies;Water Conservation Initiative 2: Enhancing and protecting water quality, quantity, and supply Priority 1
Slatton, Clint
Water Bugs
Bugs Bugs Nature Bulletin No. 221-A March 12, 1966 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation WATER BUGS It is fascinating to lie in a boat or on a log at the edge of the water and watch the drama that unfolds among the small water animals. Among the star performers in small streams and ponds are the Water Bugs. These are aquatic members of that large group of insects called the "true bugs", most of which live on land. Moreover, unlike many other types of water insects, they do not have gills but get their oxygen directly from the air. Those that do go beneath the surface usually carry an oxygen supply with them in the form of a shiny glistening sheath of air imprisoned among a covering of fine waterproof hairs. The common water insect known to small boys at the "Whirligig Bug" is not a water bug but a beetle.
Quantum Calisthenics: Gaussians, The Path Integral and Guided Numerical Approximations
It is apparent to anyone who thinks about it that, to a large degree, the basic concepts of Newtonian physics are quite intuitive, but quantum mechanics is not. My purpose in this talk is to introduce you to a new, much more intuitive way to understand how quantum mechanics works. I begin with an incredibly easy way to derive the time evolution of a Gaussian wave-packet for the case free and harmonic motion without any need to know the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. This discussion is completely analytic and I will later use it to relate the solution for the behavior of the Gaussian packet to the Feynman path-integral and stationary phase approximation. It will be clear that using the information about the evolution of the Gaussian in this way goes far beyond what the stationary phase approximation tells us. Next, I introduce the concept of the bucket brigade approach to dealing with problems that cannot be handled totally analytically. This approach combines the intuition obtained in the initial discussion, as well as the intuition obtained from the path-integral, with simple numerical tools. My goal is to show that, for any specific process, there is a simple Hilbert space interpretation of the stationary phase approximation. I will then argue that, from the point of view of numerical approximations, the trajectory obtained from my generalization of the stationary phase approximation specifies that subspace of the full Hilbert space that is needed to compute the time evolution of the particular state under the full Hamiltonian. The prescription I will give is totally non-perturbative and we will see, by the grace of Maple animations computed for the case of the anharmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, that this approach allows surprisingly accurate computations to be performed with very little work. I think of this approach to the path-integral as defining what I call a guided numerical approximation scheme. After the discussion of the anharmonic oscillator I will turn to tunneling problems and show that the instanton can also be though of in the same way. I will do this for the classic problem of a double well potential in the extreme limit when the splitting between the two lowest levels is extremely small and the tunneling rate from one well to another is also very small.
Weinstein, Marvin; /SLAC
Two Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Efficiency:
Two Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Efficiency: Two Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Efficiency: Bottom Up versus Top Down Title Two Paths to Transforming Markets through Public Sector Energy Efficiency: Bottom Up versus Top Down Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-60144 Year of Publication 2006 Authors McGrory, Laura Van Wie, Philip Coleman, David Fridley, Jeffrey P. Harris, and Edgar Villasenor Franco Conference Name 2006 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Date Published 08/2006 Conference Location Pacific Grove, CA Abstract The evolution of government purchasing initiatives in Mexico and China, part of the PEPS (Promoting an Energy-efficient Public Sector) program, demonstrates the need for flexibility in designing energy-efficiency strategies in the public sector. Several years of pursuing a top-down (federally led) strategy in Mexico produced few results, and it was not until the program was restructured in 2004 to focus on municipal-level purchasing that the program gained momentum. Today, a new partnership with the Mexican federal government is leading to an intergovernmental initiative with strong support at the federal level. By contrast, the PEPS purchasing initiative in China was successfully initiated and led at the central government level with strategic support from international experts. The very different success trajectories in these two countries provide valuable lessons for designing country-specific public sector energy-efficiency initiatives. Enabling conditions for any successful public sector purchasing initiative include the existence of mandatory energy-efficiency performance standards, an effective energy-efficiency endorsement labeling program, an immediate need for energy conservation, a simple pilot phase (focusing on a limited number of strategically chosen products), and specialized technical assistance. Top-down purchasing programs are likely to be more successful where there is high-level political endorsement and a national procurement law in place, supported by a network of trained purchasers. Bottom-up (municipally led) purchasing programs require that municipalities have the authority to set their own purchasing policies, and also benefit from existing networks of cities, supported by motivated municipal leaders and trained purchasing officials.
Numerical Treatment of the Loss of Hyperbolicity of the Two-Layer Shallow-Water System
This article is devoted to the numerical solution of the inviscid two-layer shallow water system. This system may lose the hyperbolic character when the shear between the layer is big enough. This loss of hyperbolicity is related to the appearance of ... Keywords: Complex eigenvalues, Finite volume method, Path-conservative, Two-layer shallow water
M. J. Castro-D�az; E. D. Fern�ndez-Nieto; J. M. Gonz�lez-Vida; C. Par�s-Madro�al
Determination of Water Level and Tides Using Interferometric Observations of GPS Signals
A nonintrusive remote sensing method to measure water level is examined. It relies on the fact that water is a good reflector of radio frequency energy, thus, on a satellite-to-ground path when the satellite is near the horizon, a readily ...
Kenneth D. Anderson
Warm-to-Cold Water Conversion in the Northern North Atlantic Ocean
A box Model of warm-to-cold-water conversion in the northern North Atlantic is developed and used to estimate conversion rates, given water mass temperatures, conversion paths and rate of air-sea heat exchange. The northern North Atlantic is ...
M. S. McCartney; L. D. Talley
Path Forward to Design and Implement an On-going Engineering Management Handbook.
??The purpose of this thesis was to determine a path forward to design and implement an on-going Engineering Management Handbook. A review was performed to� (more)
Kring, Robert B
Policy Strategies and Paths to promote Sustainable Energy Systems - The dynamic Invert Simulation Tool
Schemes for sustainable energy systems�. InternationalPaths to promote Sustainable Energy Systems - The dynamicmoney - for promoting sustainable energy systems - be spent
Stadler, Michael; Kranzl, Lukas; Huber, Claus; Haas, Reinhard; Tsioliaridou, Elena
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. XVIII The Identification of Nucleotide Coenzymes
TIU PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XBIII ~m ~IUIFIGATIONof the products of photosynthesis, a dark area appeared in aabout 30 seconds of normal photosynthesis by all the plants
Buchanan, J.G.; Lynch, V.H.; Benson, A.A.; Calvin, M.; Bradley, D.F.
Characterization of the limit point of the central path in semidefinite ...
Path-following methods. In H. Wolkowicz, R. Saigal, and L. Van-. denberghe, editors, Handbook of Semide nite Programming, pages 267{306. Kluwer Academic.
A Success Path from Process R&D to Commercial Plants
Abstract Scope, The path from process conception to commercial ... Energy Recovery from High Temperature Steel, Copper and Nickel Smelter Slags � Impact of�...
Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path ...
Table of Contents. Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) Executive Summary. Executive Summary (Continued) Executive ...
Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Aerosol Indirect Effect at Southern Great Plains
Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Aerosol Indirect Effect at Southern Great Plains G. Feingold and W. L. Eberhard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado D. E. Vernon and M. Previdi Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Abstract We have demonstrated first measurements of the aerosol indirect effect using ground-based remote sensors at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The response of non-precipitating, ice-free clouds to changes in aerosol loading is quantified in terms of a relative change in cloud-drop effective radius (r e ) for a relative change in aerosol extinction under conditions of equivalent cloud liquid water path (LWP). This is done in a single column of air at a temporal resolution of 20 s (spatial resolution of ~100 m).
Research Highlight
Critical Role of Cloud Drop Effective Radius >14 Micron Radius in Rain Critical Role of Cloud Drop Effective Radius >14 Micron Radius in Rain Initiation Download a printable PDF Submitter: Rosenfeld, D., The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Wang, H., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Area of Research: Radiation Processes Working Group(s): Cloud-Aerosol-Precipitation Interactions Journal Reference: Rosenfeld D, H Wang, and PJ Rasch. 2012. "The roles of cloud drop effective radius and LWP in determining rain properties in marine stratocumulus." Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 39, doi:10.1029/2012GL052028. The dependence of rain rate on cloud drop effective radius (re) near cloud top. The color scale is for the median value of column maximum rain rate in each joint bin of CWP-re (cloud liquid water path and cloud-top re).
Light absorption cell combining variable path and length pump
This invention is comprised of a device for use in making spectrophotometric measurements of fluid samples. In particular, the device is a measurement cell containing a movable and a fixed lens with a sample of the fluid therebetween and through which light shines. The cell is connected to a source of light and a spectrophotometer via optic fibers. Movement of the lens varies the path length and also pumps the fluid into and out of the cell. Unidirectional inlet and exit valves cooperate with the movable lens to assure a one-way flow of fluid through the cell. A linear stepper motor controls the movement of the lens and cycles it from a first position closer to the fixed lens and a second position farther from the fixed lens, preferably at least 10 times per minute for a nearly continuous stream of absorption spectrum data.
Prather, W.S.
Critical Path-Based Thread Placement for NUMA Systems
Multicore multiprocessors use Non Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA) to improve their scalability. However,NUMA introduces performance penalties due to remote memory accesses. Without efficiently managing data layout and thread mapping to cores, scientific applications, even if they are optimized for NUMA, may suffer performance loss. In this paper, we present an algorithm that optimizes the placement of OpenMP threads on NUMA processors. By collecting information from hardware counters and defining new metrics to capture the effects of thread placement, the algorithm reduces NUMA performance penalty by minimizing the critical path of OpenMP parallel regions and by avoiding local memory resource contention. We evaluate our algorithm with NPB benchmarks and achieve performance improvement between 8.13% and 25.68%, compared to the OS default scheduling.
Su, Chun-Yi [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Li, Dong [ORNL; Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios [FORTH-ICS; Grove, Matthew [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Cameron, Kirk W. [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); de Supinski, Bronis R. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Long-length contaminated equipment disposal process path document
The first objective of the LLCE Process Path Document is to guide future users of this system on how to accomplish the cradle-to-grave process for the disposal of long-length equipment. Information will be provided describing the function and approach to each step in the process. Pertinent documentation, prerequisites, drawings, procedures, hardware, software, and key interfacing organizations will be identified. The second objective is related to the decision to lay up the program until funding is made available to complete it or until a need arises due to failure of an important component in a waste tank. To this end, the document will identify work remaining to be completed for each step of the process and open items or issues that remain to be resolved.
McCormick, W.A.
Path-integral simulations of hydrogen and hydrogen plasmas
Feynman path-integral simulations of a system consisting of protons and distinguishable electrons under periodic boundary conditions are presented with the aim of calculating the phase diagram of hydrogen at various temperatures and densities. For a two-electron--two-proton system, for which Fermi statistics can be ignored, the equations of state and the radial distribution functions are obtained, including the effects of temperature and pressure ionization, for temperatures down to 0.68 eV and densities up to 1 g cm{sup {minus}3}. These results are compared to other models. Systems with more than two distinguishable electrons are found to be thermodynamically unstable, by collapsing into a cluster at low temperature, suggesting that further simulations be used to investigate the stability of Boltzmann matter.
Theilhaber, J.; Alder, B.J. (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550 (US))
A Path to Successful Energy Retrofits: Early Collaboration Through
Through Through Integrated Project Delivery Teams Title A Path to Successful Energy Retrofits: Early Collaboration Through Integrated Project Delivery Teams Publication Type Report Refereed Designation Refereed LBNL Report Number LBNL-6130E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Parrish, Kristen Date Published 10/2012 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Abstract This document guides you through a process for the early design phases of retrofit projects to help you mitigate frustrations commonly experienced by building owners and designers. It outlines the value of forming an integrated project delivery team and developing a communication and information-sharing infrastructure that fosters collaboration. This guide does not present a complete process for designing an energy retrofit for a building. Instead, it focuses on the early design phase tasks related to developing and selecting energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that benefit from collaboration, and highlights the resulting advantages.
LANL achieves milestone on path to zero wastewater discharge
LANL achieves milestone on wastewater discharge LANL achieves milestone on wastewater discharge LANL achieves milestone on path to zero wastewater discharge Industrial wastewater will be recycled as the result of a long-term strategy to treat wastewater rather than discharging it into the environment. January 20, 2012 Aerial view of Los Alamos National Laboratory Aerial view of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Contact Colleen Curran Communications Office (505) 664-0344 Email Improved compliance while recycling millions of gallons of industrial wastewater LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico, January 20, 2012-Millions of gallons of industrial wastewater will be recycled at Los Alamos National Laboratory as the result of a long-term strategy to treat wastewater rather than discharging it into the environment. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, which issues permits for
Reusing Water
Reusing Water Reusing Water Reusing Water Millions of gallons of industrial wastewater is recycled at LANL by virtue of a long-term strategy to treat wastewater rather than discharging it into the environment. April 12, 2012 Water from cooling the supercomputer is release to maintain a healthy wetland. Contact Environmental Communication & Public Involvement P.O. Box 1663 MS M996 Los Alamos, NM 87545 (505) 667-0216 Email We reuse the same water up to six times before releasing it back into the environment cleaner than when it was pumped. How many times does LANL reuse water? Wastewater is generated from some of the facilities responsible for the Lab's biggest missions, such as the cooling towers of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, one of the Lab's premier science research
Water Analysis
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Office of Systems Analyses and Planning EUEC Energy & Environment Conference 2008, EPS,1292008 2 * Water Scarcity Seen Dampening Case...
Water and Energy
Water in swimming pool Water and Energy The water and energy technology research focuses on improving the efficiency of energy and water use in water delivery, supply and...
about: Conventional Storage Water Heaters Demand (Tankless or Instantaneous) Water Heaters Heat Pump Water Heaters Solar Water Heaters Tankless Coil and Indirect Water Heaters...
High-temperature turbine technology program hot-gas path development test. Part II. Testing
This topical report of the US Department of Energy High-Temperature Turbine Technology (DOE-HTTT) Phase II program presents the results of testing full-scale water-cooled first-stage and second-stage turbine nozzles at design temperature and pressure to verify that the designs are adequate for operation in a full-scale turbine environment. Low-cycle fatigue life of the nozzles was demonstrated by subjecting cascade assemblies to several hundred simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycles. This testing was accomplished in the Hot-Gas Path Development Test Stand (HGPDTS), which is capable of evaluating full-scale combustion and turbine nozzle components. A three-throat cascade of the first-stage turbine nozzle was successfully tested at a nozzle inlet gas temperature of 2630/sup 0/F and a nozzle inlet pressure of 11.3 atmospheres. In addition to steady-state operation at the design firing temperature, the nozzle cascade was exposed to a simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycle by varying the firing temperature. A total of 42 h at the design point and 617 thermal cycles were accumulated during the test periods. First-stage nozzle test results show that measured metal and coolant temperatures correspond well to the predicted design values. This nozzle design has been shown to be fully satisfactory for the application (2600/sup 0/F), with growth capability to 3000/sup 0/F firing temperature. A post-test metallurgical examination of sectioned portions of the tested nozzles shows a totally bonded structure, confirming the test results and attesting to the successful performance of water-cooled composite nozzle hardware.
Horner, M.W.
Fuel Cell Buses: Current Status and Path Forward
hr, or 5 yr warranty Includes: air humidification system hydrogen re-circulation condenser for water management CAN and power supply connections control system 150 or 75 kW...
Two-Point Boundary Value Problems for Curves: The Case of Minimum Free Energy Paths
Two-Point Boundary Value Problems for Curves: The Case of Minimum Free Energy Paths corrected.S.A. Abstract The calculation of a minimum free energy path can be considered as a two-point boundary value box solvers. The second paragraph of Section 1 is corrected. Because free energy is defined in terms
Skeel, Robert
Relative Entropy and Free Energy Dualities: Connections to Path Integral and KL control
Relative Entropy and Free Energy Dualities: Connections to Path Integral and KL control Evangelos A and the fundamental dualities between free energy and relative entropy. We derive the path integral optimal control on Dynamic Programming with PI based on the duality between free energy and relative entropy. Moreover we
Anderson, Richard
Flight path-driven mitigation of wavefront curvature effects in SAR images
A wavefront curvature effect associated with a complex image produced by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be mitigated based on which of a plurality of possible flight paths is taken by the SAR when capturing the image. The mitigation can be performed differently for different ones of the flight paths.
Doerry, Armin W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Path Diversity over Packet Switched Networks: Performance Analysis and Rate Allocation
Path diversity works by setting up multiple parallel connections between the end points using the topological path redundancy of the network. In this paper, \\textit{Forward Error Correction} (FEC) is applied across multiple independent paths to enhance the end-to-end reliability. Network paths are modeled as erasure Gilbert-Elliot channels. It is known that over any erasure channel, \\textit{Maximum Distance Separable} (MDS) codes achieve the minimum probability of irrecoverable loss among all block codes of the same size. Based on the adopted model for the error behavior, we prove that the probability of irrecoverable loss for MDS codes decays exponentially for an asymptotically large number of paths. Then, optimal rate allocation problem is solved for the asymptotic case where the number of paths is large. Moreover, it is shown that in such asymptotically optimal rate allocation, each path is assigned a positive rate \\textit{iff} its quality is above a certain threshold. The quality of a path is defined as t...
Fashandi, Shervan; Khandani, Amir K
On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity
Reported path lengths and widths of tornadoes have been modeled using Weibull distributions for different Fujita (F) scale values. The fits are good over a wide range of lengths and widths. Path length and width tend to increase with increasing F ...
Harold E. Brooks
iPlane Nano: Path Prediction for Peer-to-Peer Applications Harsha V. Madhyastha
iPlane Nano: Path Prediction for Peer-to-Peer Applications Harsha V. Madhyastha Ethan Katz present the design and implementa- tion of iPlane Nano, a library for delivering Internet path information to peer-to-peer applications. iPlane Nano is itself a peer-to-peer application, and scales to a large
Krishnamurthy, Arvind
An optimum path planning for cassino parallel manipulator by using inverse dynamics
In this paper, a novel algorithm is formulated and implemented for optimum path planning of parallel manipulators. A multi-objective optimisation problem has been formulated for an efficient numerical solution procedure through kinematic and dynamic ... Keywords: Parallel Manipulators, Path Planning, Robotics, Simulation
G. Carbone; M. Ceccarelli; P. j. Oliveira; S. f. p. Saramago; J. c. m. Carvalho
Mobile robot path planning algorithm by equivalent conduction heat flow topology optimization
This paper addresses the path planning problem for a point robot moving in a planar environment filled with obstacles. Our approach is based on the principles of thermal conduction and structural topology optimization and rests on the observation that, ... Keywords: Conduction heat flow, Mobile robot, Path planning, Topology optimization
Jae Chun Ryu; Frank Chongwoo Park; Yoon Young Kim
Spare capacity reprovisioning for high availability shared backup path protection connections
Shared backup path protection (SBPP) has been widely studied in the Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) networks due to its efficient spare capacity sharing as well as simplicity and flexibility in service provisioning. This paper presents a novel availability ... Keywords: End-to-end availability, Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS), Shared backup path protection (SBPP), Spare capacity reprovisioning
Qi Guo; Pin-Han Ho; Hsiang-Fu Yu; Janos Tapolcai; Hussein T. Mouftah
On implementing provenance-aware regular path queries with relational query engines
Use of graphs is growing rapidly in social networks, semantic web, biological databases, scientific workflow provenance, and other areas. Regular Path Queries (RPQs) can be seen as a core graph query language to answer pattern-based reachability queries. ... Keywords: datalog, graph querying, regular path queries
Saumen Dey; V�ctor Cuevas-Vicentt�n; Sven K�hler; Eric Gribkoff; Michael Wang; Bertram Lud�scher
Smooth path and speed planning for an automated public transport vehicle
This paper presents a path and speed planner for automated public transport vehicles in unstructured environments. Since efficiency and comfort are two of the key issues in promoting this kind of transportation system, they are dealt with explicitly ... Keywords: Automated vehicles, Path planning, Speed planning
Jorge Villagra; Vicente Milan�s; Joshu� P�rez; Jorge Godoy
Energy-Efficient Path Planning for Solar-Powered Mobile Robots
Energy-Efficient Path Planning for Solar-Powered Mobile Robots Patrick A. Plonski email@example.com Abstract We explore the problem of energy-efficient, time-constrained path planning of a solar pow- ered circuit and basic GPS localization, and this solar map can be used for energy-efficient navigation
Minnesota, University of
Sample path large deviations of Poisson shot noise with heavy tail semi-exponential distributions
Sample path large deviations of Poisson shot noise with heavy tail semi-exponential distributions with heavy-tailed semi-exponential distributions satisfy a large deviation principle with a rate function do not depend on the shot shape. Keywords: Heavy tail distributions; sample path large deviations
Duffy, Ken
Improving the accuracy of the optimum-path forest supervised classifier for large datasets
In this work, a new approach for supervised pattern recognition is presented which improves the learning algorithm of the Optimum-Path Forest classifier (OPF), centered on detection and elimination of outliers in the training set. Identification of outliers ... Keywords: learning algorithm, optimum-path forest classifier, outlier detection, supervised classification
C�sar Castelo-Fern�ndez; Pedro J. De Rezende; Alexandre X. Falc�o; Jo�o Paulo Papa
On-line free-flight path optimization based on improved genetic algorithms
Free flight (FF) is the ideal strategy of current investigations on air traffic management systems, where an on-line flight path optimization algorithm is of top importance. This paper proposes an innovative algorithm with potential real-time properties ... Keywords: Chromosome, Flight path, Free flight, Genetic algorithm, Structured airspace
Xiao-Bing Hu; Shu-Fan Wu; Ju Jiang
Observability-based local path planning and obstacle avoidance using bearing-only measurements
In this paper we present an observability-based local path planning and obstacle avoidance technique that utilizes an extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the time-to-collision (TTC) and bearing to obstacles using bearing-only measurements. To ensure ... Keywords: Collision avoidance, Miniature air vehicle, Observability, Path planning
Huili Yu, Rajnikant Sharma, Randal W. Beard, Clark N. Taylor
Path Selection Criteria for P2P Voice Cheng-Ying Ou, Chia-Li
should be the relay peer? such that the alternative path is better than the default one... 10 #12;A Fundamental QuestionQ Which is the right path selection criteria? Source Rate? Congestion Level? Delay;Two Questions to AddressQ 1 Does delay jitter speaks for all?1. Does delay jitter speaks for all
Huang, Polly
Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable
Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Jump to: navigation, search Name Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Agency/Company /Organization Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the Pacific Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Implementation, Background analysis Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices Website http://recoftc.org/site/filead Country Philippines, Nepal UN Region South-Eastern Asia References Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development[1] Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Screenshot
Event:Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced
Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies: 12:30-2:00 Eastern Time on 2011/05/11 David Rodgers of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) would like to make you all aware of the event below titled Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies to be held next Weds. May 11. Event Details Name Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies Date 2011/05/11 Time 12:30-2:00 Eastern Time Location Washington, District of Columbia Organizer Global Environment Facility Tags CLEAN, LEDS Website Event Website Ret LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like.
RightPath Team Recognized by Secretary Chu | National Nuclear Security
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
RightPath Team Recognized by Secretary Chu | National Nuclear Security RightPath Team Recognized by Secretary Chu | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > RightPath Team Recognized by Secretary Chu RightPath Team Recognized by Secretary Chu Posted By Office of Public Affairs During a ceremony held last week, the RightPath Integrated Project Team
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) A Path to Fusion Energy
Fusion energy has long been considered a promising clean, nearly inexhaustible source of energy. Power production by fusion micro-explosions of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets has been a long term research goal since the invention of the first laser in 1960. The NIF is poised to take the next important step in the journey by beginning experiments researching ICF ignition. Ignition on NIF will be the culmination of over thirty years of ICF research on high-powered laser systems such as the Nova laser at LLNL and the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester as well as smaller systems around the world. NIF is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility at LLNL that is more than 90% complete. The first cluster of 48 beams is operational in the laser bay, the second cluster is now being commissioned, and the beam path to the target chamber is being installed. The Project will be completed in 2009 and ignition experiments will start in 2010. When completed NIF will produce up to 1.8 MJ of 0.35 {micro}m light in highly shaped pulses required for ignition. It will have beam stability and control to higher precision than any other laser fusion facility. Experiments using one of the beams of NIF have demonstrated that NIF can meet its beam performance goals. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has been established to manage the ignition effort on NIF. NIC has all of the research and development required to execute the ignition plan and to develop NIF into a fully operational facility. NIF will explore the ignition space, including direct drive, 2{omega} ignition, and fast ignition, to optimize target efficiency for developing fusion as an energy source. In addition to efficient target performance, fusion energy requires significant advances in high repetition rate lasers and fusion reactor technology. The Mercury laser at LLNL is a high repetition rate Nd-glass laser for fusion energy driver development. Mercury uses state-o-the art technology such as ceramic laser slabs and light diode pumping for improved efficiency and thermal management. Progress in NIF, NIC, Mercury, and the path forward for fusion energy will be presented.
Moses, E
A Pilot Plant: The Fastest Path to Commercial Fusion Energy
Considerable effort has been dedicated to determining the possible properties of a magneticconfinement fusion power plant, particularly in the U.S.1, Europe2 and Japan3. There has also been some effort to detail the development path to fusion energy, particularly in the U.S.4 Only limited attention has been given, in Japan5 and in China6, to the options for a specific device to form the bridge from the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, ITER, to commercial fusion energy. Nor has much attention been paid, since 2003, to the synergies between magnetic and inertial fusion energy development. Here we consider, at a very high level, the possibility of a Qeng ? 1 Pilot Plant, with linear dimensions ~ 2/3 the linear dimensions of a commercial fusion power plant, as the needed bridge. As we examine the R&D needs for such a system we find significant synergies between the needs for the development of magnetic and inertial fusion energy.
Robert J. Goldston
Colorado River Water Conservation District
For many decades, the oil shale resources of the Western United States have been considered possible contributors to the Nation�s liquid fuel supply. This volume reviews several paths to development of these resources and the likely consequences of following these paths. A chapter providing background information about the nature of oil shale is followed by an evaluation of technologies for recovery of shale oil. The economics and finances of establishing an industry of various sizes are analyzed. The fact that much of the best shale is located on Federal land is examined in light of the desire to increase use of the resources. The consequences of shale development in terms of impact on the physical and social environments, and a discussion of the availability of water complete the report. Policy options addressing barriers that could hinder the establishment of the industry are presented. These options, designed primarily for Congressional consideration, are limited to the obstacles OTA identified as currently existing. Other issues, of equal importance for the protection of the environment and the communities, but not constraints to development, are discussed in the body of the report.
John H Gibbons; James Boyd; William Brennan; Roland C. Fischer; John D. Haun; Carolyn A. Johnson; Estella B. Leopold
EQ6, a computer program for reaction path modeling of aqueous geochemical systems: Theoretical manual, user`s guide, and related documentation (Version 7.0); Part 4
EQ6 is a FORTRAN computer program in the EQ3/6 software package (Wolery, 1979). It calculates reaction paths (chemical evolution) in reacting water-rock and water-rock-waste systems. Speciation in aqueous solution is an integral part of these calculations. EQ6 computes models of titration processes (including fluid mixing), irreversible reaction in closed systems, irreversible reaction in some simple kinds of open systems, and heating or cooling processes, as well as solve ``single-point`` thermodynamic equilibrium problems. A reaction path calculation normally involves a sequence of thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Chemical evolution is driven by a set of irreversible reactions (i.e., reactions out of equilibrium) and/or changes in temperature and/or pressure. These irreversible reactions usually represent the dissolution or precipitation of minerals or other solids. The code computes the appearance and disappearance of phases in solubility equilibrium with the water. It finds the identities of these phases automatically. The user may specify which potential phases are allowed to form and which are not. There is an option to fix the fugacities of specified gas species, simulating contact with a large external reservoir. Rate laws for irreversible reactions may be either relative rates or actual rates. If any actual rates are used, the calculation has a time frame. Several forms for actual rate laws are programmed into the code. EQ6 is presently able to model both mineral dissolution and growth kinetics.
Wolery, T.J.; Daveler, S.A.
A New In Situ Laser Long-Path Absorption Instrument for the Measurement of Tropospheric OH Radicals
The authors describe a high-resolution long-path differential optical absorption spectrometer developed for the measurement of tropospheric hydroxyl radical concentrations. The instrument uses an atmospheric absorption light path of up to 3000-m ...
Hans-Peter Dorn; Uwe Brandenburger; Theo Brauers; Martin Hausmann
Water pollution
Ballast water, which is sea water that is carried in oil tankers to provide stability, can become contaminated with oil. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company runs a water treatment plant at its pipeline terminal at Prot Valdez, Alaska, to treat ballast water before it is discharged into the sea. GAO reviewed EPA's recently reissued National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit for the Port Valdez facility. In this report, GAO compares the effluent limits and other requirements under the reissued permit with those of the old permit, determines the reasons for changes in the reissued permit, and examines Alyeska's initial efforts to comply with the reissued permit's effluent limits and reporting requirements.
In Situ Aircraft Measurements of the Vertical Distribution of Liquid and Ice Water Content in Midlatitude Mixed-Phase Clouds
The vertical distribution of liquid and ice water content and their partitioning is studied using 34 cases of in situ measured microphysical properties in midlatitude mixed-phase clouds, with liquid water path ranging from near zero to ~248 g m?2, ...
Yoo-Jeong Noh; Curtis J. Seaman; Thomas H. Vonder Haar; Guosheng Liu
Modelling the fate and transport of negatively buoyant storm-river water in small multi-basin lakes
The dynamics of negatively buoyant river plumes in a small multi-basin kettle lake with steep bathymetry (Toolik Lake, AK) are simulated using a Cartesian hydrodynamic model based on the solution of the three-dimensional shallow water equations. To validate ... Keywords: Flow paths, Lakes, River, Shallow water models
Francisco J. Rueda; Sally MacIntyre
Ensuring critical event sequences in high consequence computer based systems as inspired by path expressions
The goal of our work is to provide a high level of confidence that critical software driven event sequences are maintained in the face of hardware failures, malevolent attacks and harsh or unstable operating environments. This will be accomplished by providing dynamic fault management measures directly to the software developer and to their varied development environments. The methodology employed here is inspired by previous work in path expressions. This paper discusses the perceived problems, a brief overview of path expressions, the proposed methods, and a discussion of the differences between the proposed methods and traditional path expression usage and implementation.
Kidd, M.E.C.
Ensuring critical event sequences in high integrity software by applying path expressions
The goal of this work is to extend the use of existing path expression theory and methodologies to ensure that critical software event sequences are maintained even in the face of malevolent attacks and harsh or unstable operating environments. This will be accomplished by providing dynamic fault management measures directly to the software developer and to their varied development environments. This paper discusses the perceived problems, a brief overview of path expressions, and the author`s proposed extension areas. The authors discuss how the traditional path expression usage and implementation differs from the intended usage and implementation.
Development of Path 15 Software: Managing Power Transfer Constraints on a Major Transmission Interface: Path 15 of the California Transmission System with EPRI's DTCR Technology
In a previous research project, a dynamic thermal software model was developed and tested for the California Path 15 power transmission interface. A summary of that work is included in this report. The dynamic thermal model used real-time data from tension monitors on the critical Gates Panoche 230-kV lines. It also used continual updates of an automatic load and generation reduction scheme to calculate the post-contingency Path 15 power flow resulting from the loss of two 500-kV lines (double line outag...
Water Boatman
Water Boatman Water Boatman Name: Joshua Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I am doing a research on water boatman. I go through your web, I only find little information about it. Can you give me its habitat, its appearance, life cycles and communication between themselves and they defenses themselves? Replies: Find a good book in the library on insects, also on pond biology/ecology, as boatmen live in ponds and marshes. It should be easy to find. J.Elliott Try this web site: http://www.dnr.state.il.us/ctap.ctaphome.htm or http://www.dnr.state.il.us/nredu/nredpage.htm this is the state of Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources homepage and somewhere on there is a page called "bugpage". They have pictures and characteristics of aquatic insects there. good luck
Untangling the water gas shift from Fischer-Tropsch: a Gordian knot. [185 references
The water gas shift reaction is an integral part of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Although it may appear convenient to consider the water gas shift a separate reaction, in some cases, a detailed examination of the mechanism indicates theat the water gas shift and other synthesis gas reactions share several elementary reactions. Experimental support for the relevant elementary reactions for the water gas shift on metals, metal oxides, and in homogeneous solution is examined, from both surface and complex chemistry. Multiple paths leading to a net water gas shift reaction may be available; oxygen transfer and reaction through C-H-O intermediates may take place. 185 references, 6 tables.
Rofer-Depoorter, C.K.
Water Heaters and Hot Water Distribution Systems
gas water heaters; and pressure loss calculations for residentialgas water heaters; and pressure loss calculations for residential
Lutz, Jim
Benefits of path summaries in an XML query optimizer supporting multiple access methods
We compare several optimization strategies implemented in an XML query evaluation system. The strategies incorporate the use of path summaries into the query optimizer, and rely on heuristics that exploit data statistics.We present experimental results ...
Attila Barta; Mariano P. Consens; Alberto O. Mendelzon
Evaluation of LOWTRAN and MODTRAN for use over high zenith angle/long path length viewing.
??LOWTRAN and MODTRAN were evaluated in the 2.0-5.5 micron region against field collection data at high zenith angle/long path lengths to determine the degree of� (more)
Wright, Jonathan
Conceptual Soundness, Metric Development, Benchmarking, and Targeting for PATH Subprogram Evaluation
The objective of this study is to evaluate the conceptual soundness of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) program's revised goals and establish and apply a framework to identify and recommend metrics that are the most useful for measuring PATH's progress. This report provides an evaluative review of PATH's revised goals, outlines a structured method for identifying and selecting metrics, proposes metrics and benchmarks for a sampling of individual PATH programs, and discusses other metrics that potentially could be developed that may add value to the evaluation process. The framework and individual program metrics can be used for ongoing management improvement efforts and to inform broader program-level metrics for government reporting requirements.
Mosey. G.; Doris, E.; Coggeshall, C.; Antes, M.; Ruch, J.; Mortensen, J.
State and parameter estimation using Monte Carlo evaluation of path integrals
Transferring information from observations of a dynamical system to estimate the fixed parameters and unobserved states of a system model can be formulated as the evaluation of a discrete time path integral in model state space. The observations serve as a guiding potential working with the dynamical rules of the model to direct system orbits in state space. The path integral representation permits direct numerical evaluation of the conditional mean path through the state space as well as conditional moments about this mean. Using a Monte Carlo method for selecting paths through state space we show how these moments can be evaluated and demonstrate in an interesting model system the explicit influence of the role of transfer of information from the observations. We address the question of how many observations are required to estimate the unobserved state variables, and we examine the assumptions of Gaussianity of the underlying conditional probability.
John C. Quinn; Henry D. I. Abarbanel
A hub-based labeling algorithm for shortest paths in road networks
Abraham et al. [SODA 2010] have recently presented a theoretical analysis of several practical point-to-point shortest path algorithms based on modeling road networks as graphs with low highway dimension. They also analyze a labeling algorithm. While ...
Ittai Abraham; Daniel Delling; Andrew V. Goldberg; Renato F. Werneck
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. XVI. Kinetic Relationships of the Intermediates in Steady State Photosynthesis
OF CARBON I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS, X U , KINETIC REIATIORSEIPS OFof steady. state photosynthesis in cUO2 provides informationThe path of carbon i n photosynthesis begins with a small
Benson, A.A.; Kawaguchi, S.; Hayes, P.; Calvin, M.
48 The Fath of Carbon i n Photosynthesis X. Carbon Dioxide658 THE PATH O CBRBQM I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS F x CA~ON DIOXIDEr e a c t i o n s of photosynthesis (phosphoglycera t e and
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. XVII. Phosphorus Compounds as Intermediates in Photosynthesis
PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. XVII. PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDSA5 I W I A T E S IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS* J o G o Buchanan, F o Jet e r s i x t y seconds photosynthesis by Chlorella, by fa^
REACTION PATH HAMILTONIAN: TUNNELING EFFECTS IN THE UNIMOLECULAR ISOMERIZATION HNC u> HCN
path, and the energy and force constant matrix along it, aresecond-derivative matrix of the electronic energy along theis the matrix of second derivatives of the potential energy
Gray, S.K.
Path planning for UAVs under communication constraints using SPLAT! and MILP
;2 physical survey, environmental and meteorological monitoring, aerial photography, and search- and will in this paper address the problem of offline path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Our goal
Johansen, Tor Arne
A Triple-Path Denuder Instrument for Ambient Particulate Sampling and Analysis
A field instrument for sampling sulfate and nitrate particulate matter in a controlled chemical environment has been constructed and field tested. The instrument contains HNO3 and NH3 denuders and an ambient air path, all connected by manifold to ...
Briant L. Davis; L. Ronald Johnson; Bryan J. Johnson; Robert J. Hammer
Calibration Results for NOAA-11 AVHRR Channels 1 and 2 from Congruent Path Aircraft Observations
A method for using congruent atmospheric path aircraft-satellite observations to calibrate a satellite radiometer is presented. A calibrated spectroradiometer aboard a NASA ER-2 aircraft at an altitude of 19 km above White Sands, New Mexico, was ...
Peter Abel; B. Guenther; Reginald N. Galimore; John W. Cooper
Response of Storm Tracks to Bimodal Kuroshio Path States South of Japan
A large meridional shift of the sea surface temperature front occurs off the south coast of Japan associated with transitions between the large-meander and straight paths of the Kuroshio. Most extratropical cyclones generated in winter near the ...
Hirohiko Nakamura; Ayako Nishina; Shoshiro Minobe
Method and apparatus for monitoring characteristics of a flow path having solid components flowing therethrough
A method and apparatus is provided for monitoring a flow path having plurality of different solid components flowing therethrough. For example, in the harvesting of a plant material, many factors surrounding the threshing, separating or cleaning of the plant material and may lead to the inadvertent inclusion of the component being selectively harvested with residual plant materials being discharged or otherwise processed. In accordance with the present invention the detection of the selectively harvested component within residual materials may include the monitoring of a flow path of such residual materials by, for example, directing an excitation signal toward of flow path of material and then detecting a signal initiated by the presence of the selectively harvested component responsive to the excitation signal. The detected signal may be used to determine the presence or absence of a selected plant component within the flow path of residual materials.
Hoskinson, Reed L. (Rigby, ID); Svoboda, John M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Bauer, William F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Elias, Gracy (Idaho Falls, ID)
A direct thin-film path towards low-cost large-area III-V ...
A direct thin-film path towards low-cost large-area III-V ... depending on the surface energy constraints of the nucleation ... scaling all times in ...
Quantitative Measurements of Path-Integrated Rain Rate by an Airborne Microwave Radiometer over the Ocean
Data on the airborne microwave radiometer, which is one of the sensors of the airborne microwave rain-scatterometer/radiometer (AMRS) system, are analyzed to infer path-integrated rain rate measured from topside. The equation of radiative ...
Masaharu Fujita; Ken'ichi Okamoto; Harunobu Masuko; Takeyuki Ojima; Nobuyoshi Fugono
Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Technology Development Roadmaps: The Technical Path Forward
This document presents the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Systems, Subsystems, and Components, establishes a baseline for the current technology readiness status, and provides a path forward to achieve increasing levels of technical maturity.
John Collins
Low Carbon Growth: a Potential Path for Mexico - GHG Abatement Cost Curve |
Growth: a Potential Path for Mexico - GHG Abatement Cost Curve Growth: a Potential Path for Mexico - GHG Abatement Cost Curve (Redirected from Mexico-McKinsey GHG Abatement Cost Curve) Jump to: navigation, search Name Low Carbon Growth: a Potential Path for Mexico - GHG Abatement Cost Curve Agency/Company /Organization Centro Mario Molina, McKinsey and Company Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Topics Resource assessment, Background analysis Website http://www.esmap.org/filez/pub Country Mexico Central America References ESMAP Low Carbon Growth Country Studies Program[1] References ↑ "ESMAP Low Carbon Growth Country Studies Program" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Low_Carbon_Growth:_a_Potential_Path_for_Mexico_-_GHG_Abatement_Cost_Curve&oldid=3289
FAST 1.0 - Flow Path Analysis for Steam Turbines, Version 1.0
FAST Software Flow Analysis of Steam Turbines is a tool for performance engineers, designers and financial analysts. This tool is for industry use by utilities and manufacturers to evaluate thermal performance characteristics of existing and proposed turbine steam-path modifications/upgrades. Description The FAST software diagnoses performance problems and facilitates the economic evaluation of steam-path upgrade options. FAST software is used primarily by the thermal performance engineer in both fossil ...
Path placement optimization of manipulators based on energy consumption: application to the orthoglide 3-axis
This paper deals with the optimal path placement for a manipulator based on energy consumption. It proposes a methodology to determine the optimal location of a given test path within the workspace of a manipulator with minimal electric energy used by the actuators while taking into account the geometric, kinematic and dynamic constraints. The proposed methodology is applied to the Orthoglide~3-axis, a three-degree-of-freedom translational parallel kinematic machine (PKM), as an illustrative example.
Ur-Rehman, Raza; Chablat, Damien; Wenger, Philippe
Improving the Quality of Non-Holonomic Motion by Hybridizing C-PRM Paths
Sampling-based motion planners are an effective means for generating collision-free motion paths. However, the quality of these motion paths, with respect to different quality measures such as path length, clearance, smoothness or energy, is often notoriously low. This problem is accentuated in the case of non-holonomic sampling-based motion planning, in which the space of feasible motion trajectories is restricted. In this study, we combine the C-PRM algorithm by Song and Amato with our recently introduced path-hybridization approach, for creating high quality non-holonomic motion paths, with combinations of several different quality measures such as path length, smoothness or clearance, as well as the number of reverse car motions. Our implementation includes a variety of code optimizations that result in nearly real-time performance, and which we believe can be extended with further optimizations to a real-time tool for the planning of high-quality car-like motion.
Berger, Itamar; Zohar, Gal; Raveh, Barak; Halperin, Dan
Effects of Stratification and Bottom Topography on the Kuroshio Path Variation South of Japan. Part I: Dependence of the Path Selection on Velocity
Numerical experiments are executed using a two-layer inflow�outflow ocean model with simplified geometry to investigate the effects of stratification and bottom topography on the path variation of the Kuroshio south of Japan. In a flat-bottom ...
Shuhei Masuda; Kazunori Akitomo; Toshiyuki Awaji
Novel passive approach to protecting the primary containment barrier formed by the intermediate heat exchanger from the effects of an uncontrolled sodium water reaction
This patent describes, in a steam generator utilized with a liquid sodium cooled nuclear reactor, provision is made to vent the violent sodium water reaction emanating from a tube rupture casualty. The steam generator includes a sodium plenum at the bottom thereof containing a conventional rupture disk for venting sodium, steam, and reaction products including hydrogen immediately upon a tube rupture casualty. The invention includes providing an alternative concentric flow path interior to the steam generator and parallel to the tube bundle. This alternative concentric flow path extends from the upper portion of the steam generator down into the lower head or plenum adjacent to the pressure relief diaphragm. This alternate path is partially filled with sodium during normal reactor operation. In the event of a tube bundle break, the alternative flow path dumps its sodium through the conventional rupture disk and then provides an immediate alternate pressure release path in parallel with the tube bundle for steam and water flow from the tube rupture site to the rupture disk. This parallel flow path reduces the pressure differential from the water/steam flow through the tube bundle such that water/steam does not flow back through the intermediate heat transport system to the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) where it would react with residual sodium and potentially damage the IHX tube bundle which is part of the reactor primary containment barrier.
Boardman, C.E.; Maurer, J.P.
A path integral formalism for non-equilibrium Hamiltonian statistical systems
In a near equilibrium statistical system the Onsager-Machlup path integral has a long and useful history. The situation far from equilibrium has remained less clear. In this contribution a new general formulation for path integrals is proposed based on mixtures of an appropriate family of quasi-equilibrium probability densities. The path integral introduced here uses a generalized Boltzmann principle to associate path likelihoods with a multiple of the information loss of a particular path with respect to Liouvillean evolution. The loss at a particular time is given by a Lagrangian function of the thermodynamical variables and their time derivatives. An important implication of the present formulation is that future thermodynamical evolution depends not just on the instantaneous thermodynamic variables but also on the particular mixture of quasi-equilibrium distributions present. This behaviour has been previously seen in direct numerical simulations of turbulent dynamical systems and is also a fundamental property of Wiener path integrals. The Lagrangian derived is formally identical to that used in quantum mechanics to describe a particle moving non-relativistically in a particular vector and scalar electromagnetic field and also within a manifold with a metric tensor equal to the Fisher information matrix of the exponential family manifold. It is shown that a simple transformation due to Roncadelli enables the derived Lagrangian to be recast into standard Onsager-Machlup form. This transformation thus enables a derivation of the thermodynamical trajectory which is the most likely path. Also revealed is a decomposition of the thermodynamical trajectory into a reversible and irreversible piece which takes the form of the non-equilibrium thermodynamical equations recently proposed by \\"Ottinger.
Richard Kleeman
Amplitudes for Spacetime Regions and the Quantum Zeno Effect: Pitfalls of Standard Path Integral Constructions
We argue that under very general conditions, there is a significant complication in amplitudes for spacetimes regions constructed from path integrals. This is the fact that the concrete implementation of the restrictions on paths over an interval of time corresponds, in an operator language, to sharp monitoring at every moment of time in the given time interval. Such processes suffer from the quantum Zeno effect -- the continual monitoring of a quantum system in a Hilbert subspace prevents its state from leaving that subspace. As a consequence, path integral amplitudes defined in this seemingly obvious way have physically and intuitively unreasonable properties and in particular, no sensible classical limit. In this paper we describe this frequently-occurring but little-appreciated phenomenon in some detail, showing clearly the connection with the quantum Zeno effect. We then show that it may be avoided by implementing the restriction on paths in the path integral in a "softer" way. The resulting amplitudes then involve a new coarse graining parameter, which may be taken to be a timescale $\\eps$, describing the softening of the restrictions on the paths. We argue that the complications arising from the Zeno effect are then negligible as long as $\\eps >> 1/ E$, where $E$ is the energy scale of the incoming state. Our criticisms of path integral constructions largely apply to approaches to quantum theory such as the decoherent histories approach or quantum measure theory, which do not specifically involve measurements. We address some criticisms of our approach by Sokolovksi, concerning the relevance of our results to measurement-based models.
J. J. Halliwell; J. M. Yearsley
A collaborative network middleware project by Lambda Station, TeraPaths, and Phoebus
The TeraPaths, Lambda Station, and Phoebus projects, funded by the US Department of Energy, have successfully developed network middleware services that establish on-demand and manage true end-to-end, Quality-of-Service (QoS) aware, virtual network paths across multiple administrative network domains, select network paths and gracefully reroute traffic over these dynamic paths, and streamline traffic between packet and circuit networks using transparent gateways. These services improve network QoS and performance for applications, playing a critical role in the effective use of emerging dynamic circuit network services. They provide interfaces to applications, such as dCache SRM, translate network service requests into network device configurations, and coordinate with each other to setup up end-to-end network paths. The End Site Control Plane Subsystem (ESCPS) builds upon the success of the three projects by combining their individual capabilities into the next generation of network middleware. ESCPS addresses challenges such as cross-domain control plane signalling and interoperability, authentication and authorization in a Grid environment, topology discovery, and dynamic status tracking. The new network middleware will take full advantage of the perfSONAR monitoring infrastructure and the Inter-Domain Control plane efforts and will be deployed and fully vetted in the Large Hadron Collider data movement environment.
Bobyshev, A.; /Fermilab; Bradley, S.; /Brookhaven; Crawford, M.; /Fermilab; DeMar, P.; /Fermilab; Katramatos, D.; /Brookhaven; Shroff, K.; /Brookhaven; Swany, M.; /Delaware U.; Yu, D.; /Brookhaven
Rationality and Traffic Attraction: Incentives for Honest Path Announcements in BGP
We study situations in which autonomous systems (ASes) may have incentives to send BGP announcements differing from the AS-level paths that packets traverse in the data plane. Prior work on this issue assumed that ASes seek only to obtain the best possible outgoing path for their traffic. In reality, other factors can influence a rational AS�s behavior. Here we consider a more natural model, in which an AS is also interested in attracting incoming traffic (e.g., because other ASes pay it to carry their traffic). We ask what combinations of BGP enhancements and restrictions on routing policies can ensure that ASes have no incentive to lie about their data-plane paths. We find that protocols like S-BGP alone are insufficient, but that S-BGP does suffice if coupled with additional (quite unrealistic) restrictions on routing policies. Our game-theoretic analysis illustrates the high cost of ensuring that the ASes honestly announce data-plane paths in their BGP path announcements.
Sharon Goldberg; Shai Halevi; Aaron D. Jaggard; Vijay Ramachandran; Rebecca N. Wright
Side by Side Testing of Water Heating Systems
Florida Florida A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida Side by Side Testing of Water Heating Systems Residential Energy Efficiency Stakeholder Meeting Austin , Texas March 1st, 2012 Carlos J. Colon email@example.com FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER - A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida Hot Water Systems (HWS) Laboratory FSEC Cocoa, Florida 3 2009 -Present (Currently in third testing rotation) FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER - A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida Underground Circulation Loop * Solar circulation Loop 140+ feet of ½" copper tubing * Encased in PVC tubing with R-2.4 insulation * ICS to 50 gallon storage tank path need to
The effect on water and gas usage from cross-flow betweencontrols have on water and gas usage over a large number ofsystems, and their water and gas usage. Hourly schedules for
Efficient Water Use & Management
Sustainability Goals Water Use Goal 4: Efficient Water Use & Management Aware of the arid climate of northern New Mexico, water reduction and conservation remains a primary...
Water Permits (Louisiana)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The Water Permits Division authorizes permits administered under the Water Quality Regulations. Louisiana's Water Quality Regulations require permits for the discharge of pollutants from any point...
Water and Energy Interactions
A white paper describing produced water from production ofCE, Veil JA. 2009. Produced Water Volumes and Managementunderground formations (produced water) are often extracted
McMahon, James E.
Saving Water Saves Energy
of California�s Water Conservation Standards for ResidentialCalifornia Urban Water Conservation Council, 2006. http://http://www.nrdc.org/water/conservation/edrain/edrain.pdf
McMahon, James E.; Whitehead, Camilla Dunham; Biermayer, Peter
Texas Hot Water Report
coil hot water storage tank, a backup instantaneous electric water heater, a hydronic fan coil unit for space heating, and an efficient plumbing manifold for domestic hot water...
An Estimate of the History of Tritium Inventory in Wood Following Irrigation with Tritiated Water
Some of the groundwater and surface water at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is contaminated with tritium as a legacy of nuclear materials production. An analysis of tritium remediation alternatives suggests that the most practical remediation alternative is to change in the path of tritium exposure to the public. Calculations based on many years of experience at the Savannah River Site indicate that a 40 percent reduction in dose can be achieved by releasing tritiated water to the atmosphere, as water vapor, as opposed to allowing it to flow off site in surface water streams.
Murphy, C.E.
On the Path to Low Cost Renewable Fuels, an Important Breakthrough |
On the Path to Low Cost Renewable Fuels, an Important Breakthrough On the Path to Low Cost Renewable Fuels, an Important Breakthrough On the Path to Low Cost Renewable Fuels, an Important Breakthrough April 18, 2013 - 4:10pm Addthis NREL Scientist Bryon Donohoe looks at different views of ultra structures of pre-treated biomass materials in the Cellular Visualization room of the Biomass Surface Characterization Lab. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL. NREL Scientist Bryon Donohoe looks at different views of ultra structures of pre-treated biomass materials in the Cellular Visualization room of the Biomass Surface Characterization Lab. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL. A researcher examines a strain of the fermentation microorganism Zymomonas mobilis on a culture plate. NREL has genetically engineered and patented its own strains of Zymomonas mobilis to more effectively ferment the multiple sugars found in biomass as part of the cellulosic ethanol-to-renewable fuel conversion process. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL.
Step 2. Choose a compliance path within the applicable energy code |
2. Choose a compliance path within the applicable energy code 2. Choose a compliance path within the applicable energy code For some designers, an ideal energy code would tell them exactly what they need to do for their building. For other designers, being told exactly what they need to do might be viewed as limiting their creativity. Energy codes attempt to cater to both types of designers by offering multiple compliance paths within the code. BECP's Commercial Buildings for Architects Resource Guide (Resource 1) states the issue as An energy code's format can significantly influence design, sometimes more than the actual requirements. A prescriptive code clearly states what applies, but may limit design freedom and foster the view that the building is composed of separate, non-related systems. A performance-based code
From Salesman to CEO: A 45-year Path to Energy Efficiency | Department of
From Salesman to CEO: A 45-year Path to Energy Efficiency From Salesman to CEO: A 45-year Path to Energy Efficiency From Salesman to CEO: A 45-year Path to Energy Efficiency October 15, 2010 - 10:50am Addthis Ohio Governor Ted Strickland (left) got a tour of the New Horizons Baking Company with CEO Tim Brown this winter to announce the grant.| Photo courtesy of New Horizons Baking Company Ohio Governor Ted Strickland (left) got a tour of the New Horizons Baking Company with CEO Tim Brown this winter to announce the grant.| Photo courtesy of New Horizons Baking Company Stephen Graff Former Writer & editor for Energy Empowers, EERE What are the key facts? State Energy Program award helped New Horizons Baking Company purchase energy-efficient oven Oven is 25% more efficient and increased production by 20% Certified minority-owned company stays cost-competitive and retains
nmtopo-ctrlp.xsd - Types used for path specification and topology exchange
nmtopo-ctrlp.xsd - Types used for path nmtopo-ctrlp.xsd - Types used for path specification and topology exchange Services Overview ECS Audio/Video Conferencing Fasterdata IPv6 Network Network Performance Tools (perfSONAR) ESnet OID Registry PGP Key Service Virtual Circuits (OSCARS) OSCARS Case Study Documentation User Manual FAQ Design Specifications Functional Specifications Notifications Publications Authorization Policy Default Attributes Message Security Clients For Developers Interfaces Server api Client api WSDL files OSCARS.wsdl - OSCARS Service definition OSCARS.xsd - Types used in service messages OSCARS-Notify.wsdl - OSCARS Notify Broker service defintion nmtopo-ctrlp.xsd - Types used for path specification and topology exchange Links Hardware Requirements DOE Grids Service Transition Contact Us Technical Assistance:
Path integration in the field of a topological defect: the case of dispiration
The motion of a particle in the field of dispiration (due to a wedge disclination and a screw dislocation) is studied by path integration. By gauging $SO(2) \\otimes T(1)$, first, we derive the metric, curvature, and torsion of the medium of dispiration. Then we carry out explicitly path integration for the propagator of a particle moving in the non-Euclidean medium under the influence of a scalar potential and a vector potential. We obtain also the winding number representation of the propagator by taking the non-trivial topological structure of the medium into account. We extract the energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions from the propagator. Finally we make some remarks for special cases. Particularly, paying attention to the difference between the result of the path integration and the solution of Schr\\"odinger's equation in the case of disclination, we suggest that Schr\\"odinger equation may have to be modified by a curvature term.
Akira Inomata; Georg Junker; James Raynolds
Three path interference using nuclear magnetic resonance: a test of the consistency of Born's rule
The Born rule is at the foundation of quantum mechanics and transforms our classical way of understanding probabilities by predicting that interference occurs between pairs of independent paths of a single object. One consequence of the Born rule is that three way (or three paths) quantum interference does not exist. In order to test the consistency of the Born rule, we examine detection probabilities in three path intereference using an ensemble of spin-1/2 quantum registers in liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (LSNMR). As a measure of the consistency, we evaluate the ratio of three way interference to two way interference. Our experiment bounded the ratio to the order of $10^{-3} \\pm 10^{-3}$, and hence it is consistent with Born's rule.
Daniel K. Park; Osama Moussa; Raymond Laflamme
THE COMPENSATION CONVENTION: PATH TO A GLOBAL REGIME FOR DEALING THE COMPENSATION CONVENTION: PATH TO A GLOBAL REGIME FOR DEALING WITH LEGAL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR NUCLEAR DAMAGE THE COMPENSATION CONVENTION: PATH TO A GLOBAL REGIME FOR DEALING WITH LEGAL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR NUCLEAR DAMAGE The adoption of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (Compensation Convention) opens a new chapter in international nuclear liability law. The Compensation Convention provides the world community with the opportunity to deal with legal liability and compensation for nuclear damage through a global regime that includes all countries that operate nuclear powerplants (nuclear power generating countries) and most countries that do not operate nuclear powerplants (nonnuclear power generating countries). Such a global regime can remove
Revitalized Board Lays Out New Path amid EM's Recent Underground Tank
Revitalized Board Lays Out New Path amid EM's Recent Underground Revitalized Board Lays Out New Path amid EM's Recent Underground Tank Waste Successes Revitalized Board Lays Out New Path amid EM's Recent Underground Tank Waste Successes August 20, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Cement trucks transport a specially formulated grout that is pumped into two underground waste tanks at the Savannah River Site as part of work to close the massive structures. Cement trucks transport a specially formulated grout that is pumped into two underground waste tanks at the Savannah River Site as part of work to close the massive structures. A view of the interior of the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit at the Idaho site. A view of the interior of the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit at the Idaho site. Cement trucks transport a specially formulated grout that is pumped into two underground waste tanks at the Savannah River Site as part of work to close the massive structures.
Atlanta Suburb Greases the Path to Savings with Biodiesel | Department of
Atlanta Suburb Greases the Path to Savings with Biodiesel Atlanta Suburb Greases the Path to Savings with Biodiesel Atlanta Suburb Greases the Path to Savings with Biodiesel December 7, 2011 - 3:33pm Addthis Downtown Smyrna, Georgia, a town that's poised to see big savings thanks to their investment in biodiesel. | Photo by Ken Cook Downtown Smyrna, Georgia, a town that's poised to see big savings thanks to their investment in biodiesel. | Photo by Ken Cook Chris Galm Marketing & Communications Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy What does this project do? Reduces fuel consumption Saves the city money Extends the lifespan of city owned service vehicles "We sat down and actually met with several people out of the biodiesel industry and found out how amazingly simple it was for us to do this. To
Initiative Guides Hawaii to the Path of Energy Independence | Department of
Initiative Guides Hawaii to the Path of Energy Independence Initiative Guides Hawaii to the Path of Energy Independence Initiative Guides Hawaii to the Path of Energy Independence March 24, 2010 - 5:15pm Addthis The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative's goal is to generate 70 percent of the state's power using clean energy such as wind. | Photo courtesy of the State of Hawaii. The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative's goal is to generate 70 percent of the state's power using clean energy such as wind. | Photo courtesy of the State of Hawaii. With 90 percent of its energy coming from oil, Hawaii is the most oil-dependent state in the nation. The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative is an ambitious plan to reverse that. A partnership between the state and the federal Department of Energy, the HCEI uses a combination of increased
Join the Discussion: Trailblazing a Path for Women in Clean Energy |
the Discussion: Trailblazing a Path for Women in Clean Energy the Discussion: Trailblazing a Path for Women in Clean Energy Join the Discussion: Trailblazing a Path for Women in Clean Energy June 27, 2012 - 10:25am Addthis Kim Saylors-Laster, Vice President of Walmart Energy and ambassador for the Clean Energy Education & Empowerment Initiative. | Photo courtesy of Walmart. Kim Saylors-Laster, Vice President of Walmart Energy and ambassador for the Clean Energy Education & Empowerment Initiative. | Photo courtesy of Walmart. Kim Saylors-Laster Kim Saylors-Laster Vice President of Walmart Energy More about Kim Saylors-Laster In addition to her role as VP of Walmart Energy, Kim is an ambassador for the Clean Energy Education & Empowerment initiative. Note: On June 27 at 1 p.m. EDT, the Energy Department is hosting a Women in
Tracking the Path of the Sun: Profiling an NREL Senior Scientist |
Tracking the Path of the Sun: Profiling an NREL Senior Scientist Tracking the Path of the Sun: Profiling an NREL Senior Scientist Tracking the Path of the Sun: Profiling an NREL Senior Scientist June 5, 2012 - 1:27pm Addthis Metrologist Ibrahim Reda (left) and software developer Afshin Andreas developed the Solar Position Algorithm now used by solar trackers, orchard growers, and movie-camera makers. The algorithm used in the SPA appears in the shadow. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder/NREL. Metrologist Ibrahim Reda (left) and software developer Afshin Andreas developed the Solar Position Algorithm now used by solar trackers, orchard growers, and movie-camera makers. The algorithm used in the SPA appears in the shadow. | Photo by Dennis Schroeder/NREL. Erin R. Pierce Erin R. Pierce Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs
Paving the path for next-generation nuclear energy | Department of Energy
Paving the path for next-generation nuclear energy Paving the path for next-generation nuclear energy Paving the path for next-generation nuclear energy May 6, 2013 - 2:26pm Addthis Renewed energy and enhanced coordination are on the horizon for an international collaborative that is advancing new, safer nuclear energy systems. Renewed energy and enhanced coordination are on the horizon for an international collaborative that is advancing new, safer nuclear energy systems. Deputy Assistant Secretary Kelly Deputy Assistant Secretary Kelly Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies Nuclear power reactors currently under construction worldwide boast modern safety and operational enhancements that were designed by the global nuclear energy industry and enhanced through research and development (R&D)
U.S.-Chinese Agreement Provides Path to Further Expansion of Nuclear Energy
-Chinese Agreement Provides Path to Further Expansion of -Chinese Agreement Provides Path to Further Expansion of Nuclear Energy in China U.S.-Chinese Agreement Provides Path to Further Expansion of Nuclear Energy in China December 16, 2006 - 9:46am Addthis BEIJING, CHINA - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman and Chinese Chairman of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Ma Kai today signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that will pave the way for Westinghouse Electric Company to construct four civilian nuclear power plants in China. This agreement illustrates the United States government's support of the Chinese expansion and use of safe, emissions-free nuclear power and the related technology transfer. "This is an exciting day for the U.S. nuclear industry. This agreement is
EIS-0465: Pepco Holdings, Inc. Mid-Atlantic Power Path (MAPP) Project,
EIS-0465: Pepco Holdings, Inc. Mid-Atlantic Power Path (MAPP) EIS-0465: Pepco Holdings, Inc. Mid-Atlantic Power Path (MAPP) Project, Prince George's, Calvert, and Wicomico Counties, Maryland, and Sussex County, Delaware EIS-0465: Pepco Holdings, Inc. Mid-Atlantic Power Path (MAPP) Project, Prince George's, Calvert, and Wicomico Counties, Maryland, and Sussex County, Delaware Summary Pepco Holdings, Inc., cancelled its proposed Phase II of the Mid-Atlantic Power Pathway transmission line project and DOE cancelled preparation of an EIS on the potential environmental impacts of a proposed federal loan guarantee for the project. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. Documents Available for Download March 4, 2011 EIS-0465: Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement
Insights into the mechanisms on chemical reactions: reaction paths for chemical reactions. [Li + HF; OH + H/sub 2/
We report reaction paths for two prototypical chemical reactions: Li + HF, an electron transfer reaction, and OH + H/sub 2/, an abstraction reaction. In the first reaction we consider the connection between the energetic terms in the reaction path Hamiltonian and the electronic changes which occur upon reaction. In the second reaction we consider the treatment of vibrational effects in chemical reactions in the reaction path formalism. 30 refs., 9 figs.
Dunning, T.H. Jr.; Rosen, E.; Eades, R.A.
Demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-NOT gate without path interference
We report the first experimental demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-NOT gate without any path interference, where the two interacting path interferometers of the original proposals (Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 66}, 024308 (2001), Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 65}, 012314 (2002)) have been replaced by three partially polarizing beam splitters with suitable polarization dependent transmittances and reflectances. The performance of the device is evaluated using a recently proposed method (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 94}, 160504 (2005)), by which the quantum process fidelity and the entanglement capability can be estimated from the 32 measurement results of two classical truth tables, significantly less than the 256 measurement results required for full quantum tomography.
Okamoto, R; Takeuchi, S; Sasaki, K; Okamoto, Ryo; Hofmann, Holger F.; Takeuchi, Shigeki; Sasaki, Keiji
Ryo Okamoto; Holger F. Hofmann; Shigeki Takeuchi; Keiji Sasaki
Self-consistent Green's functions calculation of the nucleon mean-free path
The extension of Green's functions techniques to the complex energy plane provides access to fully dressed quasi-particle properties from a microscopic perspective. Using self-consistent ladder self-energies, we find both spectra and lifetimes of such quasi-particles in nuclear matter. With a consistent choice of the group velocity, the nucleon mean-free path can be computed. Our results indicate that, for energies above 50 MeV at densities close to saturation, a nucleon has a mean-free path of 4 to 5 femtometers.
A. Rios; V. Soma
Variational transition state theory calculations of tunneling effects on concerted hydrogen motion in water clusters and formaldehyde/water clusters
The direct participation of water molecules in aqueous phase reaction processes has been postulated to occur via both single-step mechanisms as well as concerted hydrogen atom or proton shifts. In the present work, simple prototypes of concerted hydrogen atom transfer processes are examined for small hydrogen-bonded water clusters -- cyclic trimers and tetramers -- and hydrogen-bonded clusters of formaldehyde with one and two water molecules. Rate constants for the rearrangement processes are computed using variational transition state theory, accounting for quantum mechanical tunneling effects by semiclassical ground-state adiabatic transmission coefficients. The variational transition state theory calculations directly utilize selected information about the potential energy surface along the minimum energy path as parameters of the reaction path Hamiltonian. The potential energy information is obtained from ab ignite electronic structure calculations with an empirical bond additivity correction (the BAC-MP4 method). Tunneling is found to be very important for these concerted rearrangement processes -- the semiclassical ground-state adiabatic transmission coefficients are estimated to be as high as four order of magnitude at room temperature. Effects of the size of the cluster (number of water molecules in the cyclic complex) are also dramatic -- addition of a water molecule is seen to change the calculated rates by orders of magnitude. 36 refs., 10 figs.
Garrett, B.C. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)); Melius, C.F. (Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (USA))
Drinking Water Problems: Lead
Lead in drinking water can damage the brain, kidneys, nervous system and red blood cells. This publication explains how lead can enter drinking water, how to have your water tested, and how to eliminate lead from drinking water.
Dozier, Monty; McFarland, Mark L.
Water Conservation Tips
Gardener Water Conservation Tips fo r t h e UCSC Farm &share some of the water-conservation techniques used at theWinter Squash Water Conservation Mulches will save water,
Brown, Martha
Gardener Water Conservation Tips fo r t h e UCSC Farm &we share some of the water-conservation techniques used atWinter Squash Water Conservation Mulches will save water,
Water watch
The Hydropower Generation Report provides generation figures for the largest hydropower producers in each of six regions in the US. The report compares, for each month, the amount of hydroelectricity generated (in thousands of megawatt-hours) by each producers in the last two years to the ten-year average for that month. This database is used to figure long-term generation averages and percent of averages. The producers regularly provide current generation data to update the database. This issue of [open quotes]Water Watch[close quotes] focuses on winter snow conditions across the US as of mid-January. In addition, the department provides an outlook of spring flood potential. The information presented is based on data from the US Geological Survey, the National Weather Service, and the Soil Conservation Service.
Water Beetles
Beetles Beetles Nature Bulletin No. 639-A April 29, 1961 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis Supt. of Conservation WATER BEETLES The world is full of beetles. They live everywhere except in the oceans and in the polar regions. There are more of them than any other kind of insect. A quarter of a million species are known and new ones are being discovered every year. Whether it is a microscopic mushroom beetle a hundredth of an inch long, or a giant six-inch Hercules beetle from South America, it can be recognized by its wings. The upper pair forms a hard shell curving like a shield over the thin folded lower wings and the abdomen. In flight, the upper pair is extended like the wings of an airplane and the lower two become buzzing propellers.
Retrieval of Moisture from Simulated GPS Slant-Path Water Vapor Observations Using 3DVAR with Anisotropic Recursive Filters
Anisotropic recursive filters are implemented within a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) framework to efficiently model the effect of flow-dependent background error covariance. The background error covariance is based on an ...
Haixia Liu; Ming Xue; R. James Purser; David F. Parrish
NIST: NIF - Water Sensitivity
Water Sensitivity. Neutrons are extremely sensitive to small amounts of water. To quantify and calibrate this sensitivity we ...
Conventional Storage Water Heaters
Conventional storage water heaters remain the most popular type of water heating system for homes and buildings.
ARM: Microwave Radiometer data (MWR Profiles - QME), water vapor, temp, cloud liquid water, precip water retrievals
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Microwave Radiometer data (MWR Profiles - QME), water vapor, temp, cloud liquid water, precip water retrievals
Maria Cadeddu
. Reclaimed Water As people use water, a wastewater stream is produced. Once cleaned to acceptable standards and is available as reclaimed water. #12;20 New growth in central Arizona will produce significant quantities to return for wastewater treatment51 . Of the reclaimed water produced, 30% is assumed available to meet
Gelt, Joe
The Technology Path to Deep Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cuts by 2050: The
Technology Path to Deep Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cuts by 2050: The Technology Path to Deep Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cuts by 2050: The Pivotal Role of Electricity Title The Technology Path to Deep Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cuts by 2050: The Pivotal Role of Electricity Publication Type Journal Article Refereed Designation Unknown Year of Publication 2012 Authors Williams, James H., Andrew DeBenedictis, Rebecca Ghanadan, Amber Mahone, Jack Moore, William R. Morrow, Snuller Price, and Margaret S. Torn Journal Science Volume 335 Start Page 53 Issue 6064 Pagination 53-59 Date Published 01/2012 Abstract Several states and countries have adopted targets for deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, but there has been little physically realistic modeling of the energy and economic transformations required. We analyzed the infrastructure and technology path required to meet California's goal of an 80% reduction below 1990 levels, using detailed modeling of infrastructure stocks, resource constraints, and electricity system operability. We found that technically feasible levels of energy efficiency and decarbonized energy supply alone are not sufficient; widespread electrification of transportation and other sectors is required. Decarbonized electricity would become the dominant form of energy supply, posing challenges and opportunities for economic growth and climate policy. This transformation demands technologies that are not yet commercialized, as well as coordination of investment, technology development, and infrastructure deployment.
Determination of robot drop location for military path planning using GIS application
Due to the uncertainties and higher risks of fatality in combat situations, Unmanned Ground Robots (UGR) may be proven to be a safer alternative for carrying out critical military missions, such as search and rescue, and reconnaissance operations. Among ... Keywords: military path planning, robot drop, unmanned ground robot
Min-Wook Kang; Manoj K. Jha; Gautham Karri
Equilibrium free energies from path sampling of nonequilibrium trajectories Sean X. Suna)
Equilibrium free energies from path sampling of nonequilibrium trajectories Sean X. Suna equilibrium free energy and nonequilibrium work is rewritten as an average of work with respect to a work nonequilibrium trajectories yields good estimates of the equilibrium free energy change. The procedure can
Sun, Sean
Quantum free-energy differences from nonequilibrium path integrals. I. Methods and numerical application
Quantum free-energy differences from nonequilibrium path integrals. I. Methods and numerical are combined to yield methods for computing free-energy differences in quantum systems using nonequilibrium,8 provide a means to compute the free-energy difference between two classical systems by use of a control
Schofield, Jeremy
Reconstruction of the Free Energy in the Metastable Region using the Path Ensemble
Reconstruction of the Free Energy in the Metastable Region using the Path Ensemble Armando Ticona which we reconstruct the free energy as a function of the magnetic field, temperature and system size. From the reconstructed free energy, we obtain the free energy barrier that is associated
Heermann, Dieter W.
Reliable Protein Folding on Complex Energy Landscapes: The Free Energy Reaction Path
Reliable Protein Folding on Complex Energy Landscapes: The Free Energy Reaction Path Gregg Lois be calculated from measurements of the free energy. We test these predictions against numerical simulations folding problem (24). Each protein conformation has a free energy that determines its probability
Gelfond, Michael
3D path planning for a biomass processing robot via motion simulation
Six motion strategies for a Cartesian 4-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) biomass processing robot were developed. Each of the corresponding trajectories consists of more than 1300 three-dimensional coordinate points. The motion strategies were evaluated due ... Keywords: Biomass, Cartesian, Greenhouse, Motion, Path, Planning, Robot, Simulation
N. Starcevic; C. Thullner; M. Bux; J. M�ller
Eddy Covariance Measurements with Closed-Path Optical Humidity Sensors: A Feasible Concept?
Humidity spectra obtained with a closed-path optical hygrometer (LI-6262) show an apparent low-pass characteristic with a cutoff frequency varying between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz. Laboratory measurements revealed that contamination of the intake filter ...
Gerhard Peters; Bernd Fischer; Hans M�nster
Adding semantic annotations, navigation paths and tour guides to existing virtual environments
Nowadays, more Virtual Environments (VEs) are becoming available on the Web. This means that VEs are becoming accessible to a larger and more diverse audience. It also means that it is more likely that the use of these VEs (i.e. how to interact with ... Keywords: navigation paths, semantic annotations, tour guides, virtual reality
Frederic Kleinermann; Olga De Troyer; Christophe Creelle; Bram Pellens
Uncertainty in a Path-averaged Measurement of the Friction Velocity u*
Several electro-optical methods exist for measuring a path-averaged value of the inner scale of turbulence l0. By virtue of Monin�Obukhov similarity, in the atmospheric surface layer such l0 measurements are related to the friction velocity u* or ...
Edgar L. Andreas
Levy path integral approach to the solution of the fractional Schr�dinger equation with infinite square well
The solution to the fractional Schr\\"odinger equation with infinite square well is obtained in this paper, by use of the L\\'evy path integral approach. We obtain the even and odd parity wave functions of this problem, which are in accordance with those given by Laskin in [Chaos 10 (2000), 780--790].
Dong Jianping
Observations and design of public place and paths in a New England town
This is a plan - a hypothesis in which some ideas are developed for the building of a path and parks. Through the use of imagery texture, and materials a sense of the possible is evoked. This is also an exploration of ...
Compton, Ann, M. Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Shortest Path Stochastic Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicles , J.W. Grizzle2
1 of 28 Shortest Path Stochastic Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Ed Tate1 , J.W. Grizzle2 , Huei Peng3 Abstract: When a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is certified for emissions and fuel economy this is the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) which consists of an electric powertrain coupled to a conventional
Grizzle, Jessy W.
Path Forward in PV Research: News from Robert J. Davis, Ph.D.
, business, tax issues, nor reliability If PV will hit $1/Wp as it appears it will, how long will thosePath Forward in PV Research: News from BAPVC Robert J. Davis, Ph.D. Co-Director, Wright Center Trends in PV What is affordable solar durability? Right: Picosun SunALE R-150 atomic layer deposition
Rollins, Andrew M.
Lyapunov and minimum-time path planning for drones Thibault Maillot
an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to provide a target supervision and/or to provide convoy protection to ground the previous ones. Keywords: optimal control, path planning, aircraft navigation, unmanned aerial vehicles2013 #12;Moreover, the reader may refer to [27] for a survey on trajectory-planning algorithms focusing