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PNGV Battery Testing Procedures and Analytical Methodologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
SciTech Connect
Novel testing procedures and analytical methodologies to assess the performance of hybrid electric vehicle batteries have been developed. Tests include both characterization and cycle life and/or calendar life, and have been designed for both Power Assist and Dual Mode applications. Analytical procedures include a battery scaling methodology, the calculation of pulse resistance, pulse power, available energy, and differential capacity, and the modeling of calendar and cycle life data. Representative performance data and examples of the application of the analytical methodologies including resistance growth, power fade, and cycle and calendar life modeling for hybrid electric vehicle batteries are presented.
Motloch, Chester George; Belt, Jeffrey R; Christophersen, Jon Petter; Wright, Randy Ben; Hunt, Gary Lynn; Haskind, H. J.; Tartamella, T.; Sutula, R.
Analytical Modeling | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Analytical Modeling Analytical Modeling Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Analytical Modeling Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Data and Modeling Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Modeling Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Modeling Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Stratigraphic/Structural: Hydrological: Thermal: Dictionary.png Analytical Modeling: A mathematical modeling technique used for simulating, explaining, and making predictions about the mechanisms involved in complex physical processes. Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle Introduction Analytical models are mathematical models that have a closed form solution. Or in other words the solution to the equations used to describe changes in
Improved steamflood analytical model
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The Jeff Jones steamflood model incorporates oil displacement by steam as described by Myhill and Stegemeier, and a three-component capture factor based on empirical correlations. The main drawback of the model however is the unsatisfactory prediction of the oil production peak: usually significantly lower than the actual. Our study focuses on improving this aspect of the Jeff Jones model. In our study, we simulated the production performance of a 5-spot steamflood pattern unit and compared the results against those based on the Jeff Jones model. Three reservoir types were simulated using 3-D Cartesian black oil models: Hamaca (9�°API), San Ardo (12�°API) and that based on the SPE fourth comparative solution project (14�°API). In the first two field cases, a 45x23x8 model was used that represented 1/8 of a 10-acre 5-spot pattern unit, using typical rock and reservoir fluid properties. In the SPE project case, three models were used: 23x12x12 (2.5 ac), 31x16x12 (5 ac) and 45x23x8 (10 ac), that represented 1/8 of a 5-spot pattern unit. To obtain a satisfactory match between simulation and Jeff Jones analytical model results of the start and height of the production peak, the following refinements to the Jeff Jones model were necessary. First, the dimensionless steam zone size AcD was modified to account for decrease in oil viscosity during steamflood and its dependence on the steam injection rate. Second, the dimensionless volume of displaced oil produced VoD was modified from its square-root format to an exponential form. The modified model gave very satisfactory results for production performance up to 20 years of simulated steamflood, compared to the original Jeff Jones model. Engineers will find the modified model an improved and useful tool for prediction of steamflood production performance.
Chandra, Suandy
Novel Battery Testing Procedures and Analytical Methodologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory has developed novel testing procedures and analytical methodologies to assess the performance of batteries for use in hybrid electric vehicles. Tests include both characterization and cycle life and/or calendar life. Tests have been designed for both Power Assist and Dual Mode applications. Analytical procedures include a battery scaling methodology, the calculation of pulse resistance, pulse power, available energy, and differential capacitance, and the modeling of calendar and cycle life data. At periodic intervals during life testing, a series of Reference Performance Tests are executed to determine changes in the baseline performance of the batteries.
Motloch, Chester George; Batt, J. R.; Christophersen, Jon Petter; Wright, Randy Ben; Hunt, Gary Lynn
External occulters, otherwise known as starshades, have been proposed as a solution to one of the highest priority yet technically vexing problems facing astrophysics-the direct imaging and characterization of terrestrial planets around other stars. New apodization functions, developed over the past few years, now enable starshades of just a few tens of meters diameter to occult central stars so efficiently that the orbiting exoplanets can be revealed and other high-contrast imaging challenges addressed. In this paper, an analytic approach to the analysis of these apodization functions is presented. It is used to develop a tolerance analysis suitable for use in designing practical starshades. The results provide a mathematical basis for understanding starshades and a quantitative approach to setting tolerances.
Cash, Webster [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (United States)
Definition: Analytical Modeling | Open Energy Information
Analytical Modeling Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Analytical Modeling 1. A simple version: A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the real world. 2....
Panel on future challenges in modeling methodology
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This panel paper presents the views of six researchers and practitioners of simulation modeling. Collectively we attempt to address a range of key future challenges to modeling methodology. It is hoped that the views of this paper, and the presentations ...
Simon J. E. Taylor; Peter Lendermann; Ray J. Paul; Steven W. Reichenthal; Steffen Straßburger; Stephen J. Turner
Model and Analytic Processes for Export License Assessments
This paper represents the Department of Energy Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22) Simulations, Algorithms and Modeling (SAM) Program's first effort to identify and frame analytical methods and tools to aid export control professionals in effectively predicting proliferation intent; a complex, multi-step and multi-agency process. The report focuses on analytical modeling methodologies that alone, or combined, may improve the proliferation export control license approval process. It is a follow-up to an earlier paper describing information sources and environments related to international nuclear technology transfer. This report describes the decision criteria used to evaluate modeling techniques and tools to determine which approaches will be investigated during the final 2 years of the project. The report also details the motivation for why new modeling techniques and tools are needed. The analytical modeling methodologies will enable analysts to evaluate the information environment for relevance to detecting proliferation intent, with specific focus on assessing risks associated with transferring dual-use technologies. Dual-use technologies can be used in both weapons and commercial enterprises. A decision-framework was developed to evaluate which of the different analytical modeling methodologies would be most appropriate conditional on the uniqueness of the approach, data availability, laboratory capabilities, relevance to NA-22 and Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation (NA-24) research needs and the impact if successful. Modeling methodologies were divided into whether they could help micro-level assessments (e.g., help improve individual license assessments) or macro-level assessment. Macro-level assessment focuses on suppliers, technology, consumers, economies, and proliferation context. Macro-level assessment technologies scored higher in the area of uniqueness because less work has been done at the macro level. An approach to developing testable hypotheses for the macro-level assessment methodologies is provided. The outcome of this works suggests that we should develop a Bayes Net for micro-level analysis and continue to focus on Bayes Net, System Dynamics and Economic Input/Output models for assessing macro-level problems. Simultaneously, we need to develop metrics for assessing intent in export control, including the risks and consequences associated with all aspects of export control.
Thompson, Sandra E.; Whitney, Paul D.; Weimar, Mark R.; Wood, Thomas W.; Daly, Don S.; Brothers, Alan J.; Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Cook, Diane; Holder, Larry
Some analytical models of radiating collapsing spheres
We present some analytical solutions to the Einstein equations, describing radiating collapsing spheres in the diffusion approximation. Solutions allow for modeling physical reasonable situations. The temperature is calculated for each solution, using a hyperbolic transport equation, which permits to exhibit the influence of relaxational effects on the dynamics of the system.
Herrera, L.; Di Prisco, A [Escuela de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas (Venezuela); Ospino, J. [Area de Fisica Teorica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca (Spain)
Analytical model for Stirling cycle machine design
In order to study further the promising free piston Stirling engine architecture, there is a need of an analytical thermodynamic model which could be used in a dynamical analysis for preliminary design. To aim at more realistic values, the models have to take into account the heat losses and irreversibilities on the engine. An analytical model which encompasses the critical flaws of the regenerator and furthermore the heat exchangers effectivenesses has been developed. This model has been validated using the whole range of the experimental data available from the General Motor GPU-3 Stirling engine prototype. The effects of the technological and operating parameters on Stirling engine performance have been investigated. In addition to the regenerator influence, the effect of the cooler effectiveness is underlined.
Formosa, Fabien; 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.02.010
Analytical steam injection model for layered systems
Screening, evaluation and optimization of the steam flooding process in homogeneous reservoirs can be performed by using simple analytical predictive models. In the absence of any analytical model for layered reservoirs, at present, only numerical simulators can be used. And these are expensive. In this study, an analytical model has been developed considering two isolated layers of differing permeabilities. The principle of equal flow potential is applied across the two layers. Gajdica`s (1990) single layer linear steam drive model is extended for the layered system. The formulation accounts for variation of heat loss area in the higher permeability layer, and the development of a hot liquid zone in the lower permeability layer. These calculations also account for effects of viscosity, density, fractional flow curves and pressure drops in the hot liquid zone. Steam injection rate variations in the layers are represented by time weighted average rates. For steam zone calculations, Yortsos and Gavalas`s (1981) upper bound method is used with a correction factor. The results of the model are compared with a numerical simulator. Comparable oil and water flow rates, and breakthrough times were achieved for 100 cp oil. Results with 10 cp and 1000 cp oils indicate the need to improve the formulation to properly handle differing oil viscosities.
Abdual-Razzaq; Brigham, W.E.; Castanier, L.M.
Proposed Methodology for LEED Baseline Refrigeration Modeling (Presentation)
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes a proposed methodology for LEED baseline refrigeration modeling. The presentation discusses why refrigeration modeling is important, the inputs of energy models, resources, reference building model cases, baseline model highlights, example savings calculations and results.
Deru, M.
Analytical Performance Models for Geologic Repositories
This report presents analytical solutions of the dissolution and hydrogeologic transport of radionuclides in geologic repositories. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the equations resulting from these analyses. The subjects treated in the present report are: (a) Solubility-limited transport with transverse dispersion (Chapter 2); (b) Transport of a radionuclide chain with nonequilibrium chemical reactions (Chapter 3); (c) Advective transport in a two-dimensional flow field (Chapter 4); (d) Radionuclide.transport in fractured media (Chapter 5); (e) A mathematical model for EPA's analysis of generic repositories (Chapter 6); and (f) Dissolution of radionuclides from solid waste (Chapter 7).
Chambre, P.L.; Pigford, T.H.; Fujita, A.; Kanki, T.; Kobayashi,A.; Lung, H.; Ting, D.; Sato, Y.; Savoshy, S.J.
The Sea-Breeze Front Analytical Model
Analytical solutions to the nonlinear equations of motion are used to describe the sea breeze front.
Yizhak Feliks
Advanced Model and Methodology Development [Heat Transfer and Fluid
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Advanced Model and Advanced Model and Methodology Development Capabilities Engineering Computation and Design Engineering and Structural Mechanics Systems/Component Design, Engineering and Drafting Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Overview Thermal Hydraulic Optimization of Nuclear Systems Underhood Thermal Management Combustion Simulations Advanced Model and Methodology Development Multi-physics Reactor Performance and Safety Simulations Other Capabilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Bookmark and Share Advanced Model and Methodology Development Electrorefiner Model for Treatment of Spent Nuclear Fuel Electrorefiner Model for Treatment of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Click on image to
Analytical Land–Atmosphere Radiometer Model
Conversion of radiometric land surface temperature (?r) to an equivalent isothermal (aerodynamic) surface temperature (?i) is important in balancing the land surface energy budget with satellite-based ?r measurements. An analytical land–...
Ayman Suleiman; Richard Crago
Evaluating a graphical notation for modelling software development methodologies
This work aims at evaluating a graphical notation for modelling software (and other kinds of) development methodologies, thus demonstrating how useful the graphical aspects can be for sharing knowledge between the people responsible for documenting information ... Keywords: Cognitive dimensions, Graphical notation, Method engineering, Software development methodologies
Kenia Sousa; Jean Vanderdonckt; Brian Henderson-Sellers; Cesar Gonzalez-Perez
Methodology for characterizing modeling and discretization uncertainties in computational simulation
This research effort focuses on methodology for quantifying the effects of model uncertainty and discretization error on computational modeling and simulation. The work is directed towards developing methodologies which treat model form assumptions within an overall framework for uncertainty quantification, for the purpose of developing estimates of total prediction uncertainty. The present effort consists of work in three areas: framework development for sources of uncertainty and error in the modeling and simulation process which impact model structure; model uncertainty assessment and propagation through Bayesian inference methods; and discretization error estimation within the context of non-deterministic analysis.
An Analytical Model of Atmospheric Feedback and Global Temperature Change
An analytical model of the globally averaged surface temperature response to changes in radiative forcing induced by greenhouse gases is developed from a time-dependent version of the global energy budget. The model clarifies the role of feedback ...
John A. Dutton
Analytic Models of High-Temperature Hohlraums
A unified set of high-temperature-hohlraum models has been developed. For a simple hohlraum, P{sub s} = [A{sub s}+(1{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}]{sigma}T{sub R}{sup 4} + (4V{sigma}/c)(dT{sub R}{sup r}/dt) where P{sub S} is the total power radiated by the source, A{sub s} is the source area, A{sub W} is the area of the cavity wall excluding the source and holes in the wall, A{sub H} is the area of the holes, {sigma} is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T{sub R} is the radiation brightness temperature, V is the hohlraum volume, and c is the speed of light. The wall albedo {alpha}{sub W} {triple_bond} (T{sub W}/T{sub R}){sup 4} where T{sub W} is the brightness temperature of area A{sub W}. The net power radiated by the source P{sub N} = P{sub S}-A{sub S}{sigma}T{sub R}{sup 4}, which suggests that for laser-driven hohlraums the conversion efficiency {eta}{sub CE} be defined as P{sub N}/P{sub LASER}. The characteristic time required to change T{sub R}{sup 4} in response to a change in P{sub N} is 4V/C[(l{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}]. Using this model, T{sub R}, {alpha}{sub W}, and {eta}{sub CE} can be expressed in terms of quantities directly measurable in a hohlraum experiment. For a steady-state hohlraum that encloses a convex capsule, P{sub N} = {l_brace}(1{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}+[(1{minus}{alpha}{sub C})(A{sub S}+A{sub W}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub C}/A{sub T}]{r_brace}{sigma}T{sub RC}{sup 4} where {alpha}{sub C} is the capsule albedo, A{sub C} is the capsule area, A{sub T} {triple_bond} (A{sub S}+A{sub W}+A{sub H}), and T{sub RC} is the brightness temperature of the radiation that drives the capsule. According to this relation, the capsule-coupling efficiency of the baseline National-Ignition-Facility (NIF) hohlraum is 15% higher than predicted by previous analytic expressions. A model of a hohlraum that encloses a z pinch is also presented.
Stygar, W.A.; Olson, R.E.; Spielman, R.B.; Leeper, R.J.
Analytical modeling of SRAM dynamic stability
In this paper, for the first time, a theory for evaluating dynamic noise margins of SRAM cells is developed analytically. The results allow predicting the transient error susceptibility of an SRAM cell using a closed-form expression. The key innovation ...
Bin Zhang; Ari Arapostathis; Sani Nassif; Michael Orshansky
Analytical Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (1980) | Open Energy
Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (1980) Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (1980) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Analytical Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (1980) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Analytical Modeling Activity Date 1980 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis 1) Characterize a magma source. 2) To conduct reservoir modeling of a steam reservoir. Notes 1) Closed-form analytical solutions for the conduction heat transfer from various idealized magma geometries (dikes, sills, and spheres) are obtained using either the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation theorem (dikes and sills) or the 'method of images' with superposition (spheres). Comparison of these analytically determined heat flux distributions with
Analytic Models for the Mechanical Structure of the Solar Core
All stars exhibit universal central behavior in terms of new homology variables (u,w). In terms of these variables, we obtain simple analytic fits to numerical standard solar models for the core and radiative zones of the ZAMS and present Suns, with a few global parameters. With these analytic fits, different theoretical models of the solar core, neutrino fluxes, and helioseismic observations can be parametrized and compared.
Dallas C. Kennedy; Sidney A. Bludman
Combining Modeling and Gaming for Predictive Analytics
Many of our most significant challenges involve people. While human behavior has long been studied, there are recent advances in computational modeling of human behavior. With advances in computational capabilities come increases in the volume and complexity of data that humans must understand in order to make sense of and capitalize on these modeling advances. Ultimately, models represent an encapsulation of human knowledge. One inherent challenge in modeling is efficient and accurate transfer of knowledge from humans to models, and subsequent retrieval. The simulated real-world environment of games presents one avenue for these knowledge transfers. In this paper we describe our approach of combining modeling and gaming disciplines to develop predictive capabilities, using formal models to inform game development, and using games to provide data for modeling.
Riensche, Roderick M.; Whitney, Paul D.
Evaluation Methodology for Advance Heat Exchanger Concepts Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
The primary purpose of this study is to aid in the development and selection of the secondary/process heat exchanger (SHX) for power production and process heat application for a Next Generation Nuclear Reactors (NGNR). The potential options for use as an SHX are explored such as shell and tube, printed circuit heat exchanger. A shell and tube (helical coiled) heat exchanger is a recommended for a demonstration reactor because of its reliability while the reactor design is being further developed. The basic setup for the selection of the SHX has been established with evaluation goals, alternatives, and criteria. This study describes how these criteria and the alternatives are evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).
Piyush Sabharwall; Eung Soo Kim
Analytical Modeling and Performance Prediction of Remanufactured ...
The CLP tool assists in remanufacturing of high value, high demand rotorcraft, automotive and wind turbine gears. This paper will summarize the CLP models ...
Analytical-Numerical Modeling Of Komatiite Lava Emplacement And Thermal
Analytical-Numerical Modeling Of Komatiite Lava Emplacement And Thermal Analytical-Numerical Modeling Of Komatiite Lava Emplacement And Thermal Erosion At Perseverance, Western Australia Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Analytical-Numerical Modeling Of Komatiite Lava Emplacement And Thermal Erosion At Perseverance, Western Australia Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: We have applied a thermal-fluid dynamic-geochemical model to investigate the emplacement and erosional potential of Archean komatiite flows at Perseverance, Western Australia. Perseverance has been proposed as a site of large-scale thermal erosion by large-volume komatiite eruption(s), resulting in a 100-150-m-deep lava channel containing one of the world's largest komatiite-hosted Fe-Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposits. Using
Gaseous Fuel Injection Modeling using a Gaseous Sphere Injection Methodology
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The growing interest in gaseous fuels (hydrogen and natural gas) for internal combustion engines calls for the development of computer models for simulation of gaseous fuel injection, air entrainment and the ensuing combustion. This paper introduces a new method for modeling the injection and air entrainment processes for gaseous fuels. The model uses a gaseous sphere injection methodology, similar to liquid droplet in injection techniques used for liquid fuel injection. In this paper, the model concept is introduced and model results are compared with correctly- and under-expanded experimental data.
Hessel, R P; Aceves, S M; Flowers, D L
Methodology for fault detection and diagnostics in an ocean turbine using vibration analysis and modeling.
??This thesis describes a methodology for mechanical fault detection and diagnostics in an ocean turbine using vibration analysis and modeling. This methodology relies on the… (more)
Mjit, Mustapha.
A New Analytical Model for Internal Solitons in the Ocean
A new model for tidally generated internal solitons in the ocean is advanced, based on a little-known asymptotic analytical solution to the weakly nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries equation. The solution has many of the properties observed in oceanic ...
John R. Apel
Image-driven navigation of analytical BRDF models
Specifying parameters of analytic BRDF models is a difficult task as these parameters are often not intuitive for artists and their effect on appearance can be non-uniform. Ideally, a given step in the parameter space should produce a predictable and ...
Addy Ngan; Frédo Durand; Wojciech Matusik
Analytical Model for the CMOS Short-Circuit Power Dissipation
A significant part of the power dissipation in CMOS digital circuits is due to the short-circuit currents. In this paper an accurate analytical model for the evaluation of the CMOS short-circuit power dissipation, on the basis of a CMOS inverter, is ...
L. Bisdounis; S. Nikolaidis; O. Koufopavlou
Economic modeling of electricity production from hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs: methodology and analyses. Final report
An analytical methodology is developed for assessing alternative modes of generating electricity from hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy sources. The methodology is used in sensitivity analyses to explore relative system economics. The methodology used a computerized, intertemporal optimization model to determine the profit-maximizing design and management of a unified HDR electric power plant with a given set of geologic, engineering, and financial conditions. By iterating this model on price, a levelized busbar cost of electricity is established. By varying the conditions of development, the sensitivity of both optimal management and busbar cost to these conditions are explored. A plausible set of reference case parameters is established at the outset of the sensitivity analyses. This reference case links a multiple-fracture reservoir system to an organic, binary-fluid conversion cycle. A levelized busbar cost of 43.2 mills/kWh ($1978) was determined for the reference case, which had an assumed geothermal gradient of 40/sup 0/C/km, a design well-flow rate of 75 kg/s, an effective heat transfer area per pair of wells of 1.7 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 2/, and plant design temperature of 160/sup 0/C. Variations in the presumed geothermal gradient, size of the reservoir, drilling costs, real rates of return, and other system parameters yield minimum busbar costs between -40% and +76% of the reference case busbar cost.
Cummings, R.G.; Morris, G.E.
Human performance modeling for system of systems analytics.
A Laboratory-Directed Research and Development project was initiated in 2005 to investigate Human Performance Modeling in a System of Systems analytic environment. SAND2006-6569 and SAND2006-7911 document interim results from this effort; this report documents the final results. The problem is difficult because of the number of humans involved in a System of Systems environment and the generally poorly defined nature of the tasks that each human must perform. A two-pronged strategy was followed: one prong was to develop human models using a probability-based method similar to that first developed for relatively well-understood probability based performance modeling; another prong was to investigate more state-of-art human cognition models. The probability-based modeling resulted in a comprehensive addition of human-modeling capability to the existing SoSAT computer program. The cognitive modeling resulted in an increased understanding of what is necessary to incorporate cognition-based models to a System of Systems analytic environment.
Dixon, Kevin R.; Lawton, Craig R.; Basilico, Justin Derrick; Longsine, Dennis E. (INTERA, Inc., Austin, TX); Forsythe, James Chris; Gauthier, John Henry; Le, Hai D.
Analytical Modelling of a Plucked Piezoelectric Bimorph for Energy Harvesting
Energy harvesting (EH) is a multidisciplinary research area, involving physics, materials science and engineering, with the objective of providing renewable sources of sufficient power to operate targeted low-power applications. Piezoelectric transducers are often used for vibrational, inertial and direct movement EH. One problem is that, due to the stiffness of the most common material (PZT) and typically useful sizes, intrinsic resonant frequencies are normally high, whereas the available power is often concentrated at low frequencies. The aim of the plucking technique of frequency up-conversion, also known as "pizzicato" excitation, is to bridge this frequency gap. In this paper, the technique is modelled analytically. The analytical model is developed starting from the Euler-Bernoulli beam equations modified for piezoelectric coupling. A system of differential equations and associated initial conditions are derived which describe the free vibration of a piezoelectric bimorph in the last part of the plucki...
Pozzi, Michele
We present an analytic one-dimensional radiative-convective model of the thermal structure of planetary atmospheres. Our model assumes that thermal radiative transfer is gray and can be represented by the two-stream approximation. Model atmospheres are assumed to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, with a power-law scaling between the atmospheric pressure and the gray thermal optical depth. The convective portions of our models are taken to follow adiabats that account for condensation of volatiles through a scaling parameter to the dry adiabat. By combining these assumptions, we produce simple, analytic expressions that allow calculations of the atmospheric-pressure-temperature profile, as well as expressions for the profiles of thermal radiative flux and convective flux. We explore the general behaviors of our model. These investigations encompass (1) worlds where atmospheric attenuation of sunlight is weak, which we show tend to have relatively high radiative-convective boundaries; (2) worlds with some attenuation of sunlight throughout the atmosphere, which we show can produce either shallow or deep radiative-convective boundaries, depending on the strength of sunlight attenuation; and (3) strongly irradiated giant planets (including hot Jupiters), where we explore the conditions under which these worlds acquire detached convective regions in their mid-tropospheres. Finally, we validate our model and demonstrate its utility through comparisons to the average observed thermal structure of Venus, Jupiter, and Titan, and by comparing computed flux profiles to more complex models.
Robinson, Tyler D. [Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 (United States); Catling, David C., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310 (United States)
Fuel cycle assessment: A compendium of models, methodologies, and approaches
The purpose of this document is to profile analytical tools and methods which could be used in a total fuel cycle analysis. The information in this document provides a significant step towards: (1) Characterizing the stages of the fuel cycle. (2) Identifying relevant impacts which can feasibly be evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively. (3) Identifying and reviewing other activities that have been conducted to perform a fuel cycle assessment or some component thereof. (4) Reviewing the successes/deficiencies and opportunities/constraints of previous activities. (5) Identifying methods and modeling techniques/tools that are available, tested and could be used for a fuel cycle assessment.
Not Available
Cogeneration Assessment Methodology for Utilities
A methodology is presented that enables electric utilities to assess the cogeneration potential among industrial, commercial, and institutional customers within the utility's service area. The methodology includes a survey design, analytic assessment model, and a data base to track customers over time. A case study is presented describing the background, procedures, and results of a cogeneration investigation for Northeast Utilities.
Sedlik, B.
An Analytic Five-Layer Quasigeostrophic Model for Initial-Value Problems
A five-layer analytic model of quasigeostrophic flow is developed. The model provides exact analytic solutions to the nonlinear quasigeostrophic omega and vorticity equations for various atmospheric temperature and geopotential structures. These ...
Paul A. Hirschberg; J. Michael Fritsch
"Violent Intent Modeling: Incorporating Cultural Knowledge into the Analytical Process
While culture has a significant effect on the appropriate interpretation of textual data, the incorporation of cultural considerations into data transformations has not been systematic. Recognizing that the successful prevention of terrorist activities could hinge on the knowledge of the subcultures, Anthropologist and DHS intern Faith Nibbs has been addressing the need to incorporate cultural knowledge into the analytical process. In this Brown Bag she will present how cultural ideology is being used to understand how the rhetoric of group leaders influences the likelihood of their constituents to engage in violent or radicalized behavior, and how violent intent modeling can benefit from understanding that process.
Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Nibbs, Faith G.
Methodology for modeling geothermal district heating for residential markets
Methodology is presented for geothermal district heat service and for evaluating the economic market potential for such nonelectrical utilization of the geothermal resource. It is based upon accurate determination of the heating demand and its spatial and temporal profile in each potential market, determination of the cost to provide such service, and correlation of markets and resource sites. Two components of the model are discussed in this report. the residential demand submodel and data base, which includes building characteristics and population distribution on a census tract or minor civil division grid for the nation, projects heating demand densities, and temporal profiles along with the building service modifications and costs. The service submodel and data base designs and costs a subtransmission and distribution network, and it evaluates operating losses at design conditions.
Karkheck, J.; Tessmer, R.G. Jr.
Model choice considerations and information integration using analytical hierarchy process
Using the theory of information-gap for decision-making under severe uncertainty, it has been shown that model output compared to experimental data contains irrevocable trade-offs between fidelity-to-data, robustness-to-uncertainty and confidence-in-prediction. We illustrate a strategy for information integration by gathering and aggregating all available data, knowledge, theory, experience, similar applications. Such integration of information becomes important when the physics is difficult to model, when observational data are sparse or difficult to measure, or both. To aggregate the available information, we take an inference perspective. Models are not rejected, nor wasted, but can be integrated into a final result. We show an example of information integration using Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), integrating theory, simulation output and experimental data. We used expert elicitation to determine weights for two models and two experimental data sets, by forming pair-wise comparisons between model output and experimental data. In this way we transform epistemic and/or statistical strength from one field of study into another branch of physical application. The price to pay for utilizing all available knowledge is that inferences drawn for the integrated information must be accounted for and the costs can be considerable. Focusing on inferences and inference uncertainty (IU) is one way to understand complex information.
Langenbrunner, James R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hemez, Francois M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Booker, Jane M [BOOKER SCIENTIFIC; Ross, Timothy J. [UNM
Analytical model for flux saturation in sediment transport
The transport of sediment by a fluid along the surface is responsible for dune formation, dust entrainment and for a rich diversity of patterns on the bottom of oceans, rivers, and planetary surfaces. Most previous models of sediment transport have focused on the equilibrium (or saturated) particle flux. However, the morphodynamics of sediment landscapes emerging due to surface transport of sediment is controlled by situations out-of-equilibrium. In particular, it is controlled by the saturation length characterizing the distance it takes for the particle flux to reach a new equilibrium after a change in flow conditions. The saturation of mass density of particles entrained into transport and the relaxation of particle and fluid velocities constitute the main relevant relaxation mechanisms leading to saturation of the sediment flux. Here we present a theoretical model for sediment transport which, for the first time, accounts for both these relaxation mechanisms and for the different types of sediment entrainment prevailing under different environmental conditions. Our analytical treatment allows us to derive a closed expression for the saturation length of sediment flux, which is general and can thus be applied under different physical conditions.
T. Pähtz; J. F. Kok; E. J. R. Parteli; H. J. Herrmann
Natural gas production problems : solutions, methodologies, and modeling.
Natural gas is a clean fuel that will be the most important domestic energy resource for the first half the 21st centtuy. Ensuring a stable supply is essential for our national energy security. The research we have undertaken will maximize the extractable volume of gas while minimizing the environmental impact of surface disturbances associated with drilling and production. This report describes a methodology for comprehensive evaluation and modeling of the total gas system within a basin focusing on problematic horizontal fluid flow variability. This has been accomplished through extensive use of geophysical, core (rock sample) and outcrop data to interpret and predict directional flow and production trends. Side benefits include reduced environmental impact of drilling due to reduced number of required wells for resource extraction. These results have been accomplished through a cooperative and integrated systems approach involving industry, government, academia and a multi-organizational team within Sandia National Laboratories. Industry has provided essential in-kind support to this project in the forms of extensive core data, production data, maps, seismic data, production analyses, engineering studies, plus equipment and staff for obtaining geophysical data. This approach provides innovative ideas and technologies to bring new resources to market and to reduce the overall environmental impact of drilling. More importantly, the products of this research are not be location specific but can be extended to other areas of gas production throughout the Rocky Mountain area. Thus this project is designed to solve problems associated with natural gas production at developing sites, or at old sites under redevelopment.
Rautman, Christopher Arthur; Herrin, James M.; Cooper, Scott Patrick; Basinski, Paul M. (El Paso Production Company, Houston, TX); Olsson, William Arthur; Arnold, Bill Walter; Broadhead, Ronald F. (New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM); Knight, Connie D. (Consulting Geologist, Golden, CO); Keefe, Russell G.; McKinney, Curt (Devon Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, OK); Holm, Gus (Vermejo Park Ranch, Raton, NM); Holland, John F.; Larson, Rich (Vermejo Park Ranch, Raton, NM); Engler, Thomas W. (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM); Lorenz, John Clay
There is significant interest in hydrogen storage systems that employ a media which either adsorbs, absorbs or reacts with hydrogen in a nearly reversible manner. In any media based storage system the rate of hydrogen uptake and the system capacity is governed by a number of complex, coupled physical processes. To design and evaluate such storage systems, a comprehensive methodology was developed, consisting of a hierarchical sequence of models that range from scoping calculations to numerical models that couple reaction kinetics with heat and mass transfer for both the hydrogen charging and discharging phases. The scoping models were presented in Part I [1] of this two part series of papers. This paper describes a detailed numerical model that integrates the phenomena occurring when hydrogen is charged and discharged. A specific application of the methodology is made to a system using NaAlH{sub 4} as the storage media.
Hardy, B; Donald L. Anton, D
Analytical models for total dose ionization effects in MOS devices.
MOS devices are susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation due to charge buildup in gate, field and SOI buried oxides. Under positive bias holes created in the gate oxide will transport to the Si / SiO{sub 2} interface creating oxide-trapped charge. As a result of hole transport and trapping, hydrogen is liberated in the oxide which can create interface-trapped charge. The trapped charge will affect the threshold voltage and degrade the channel mobility. Neutralization of oxidetrapped charge by electron tunneling from the silicon and by thermal emission can take place over long periods of time. Neutralization of interface-trapped charge is not observed at room temperature. Analytical models are developed that account for the principal effects of total dose in MOS devices under different gate bias. The intent is to obtain closed-form solutions that can be used in circuit simulation. Expressions are derived for the aging effects of very low dose rate radiation over long time periods.
Campbell, Phillip Montgomery; Bogdan, Carolyn W.
An Analytical Model for the IEEE 802.1le EDCF Extended Abstract
to the capability of supporting QoS. [9] presents an analytic model for p-DCF, which uses a different backoff
Panwar, Shivendra S.
An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries
An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries Peng cycle-life tends to shrink significantly. The capacities of commercial lithium-ion batteries fade by 10 prediction model to estimate the remaining capacity of a Lithium-Ion battery. The proposed analytical model
Pedram, Massoud
Analytical modeling and parameter extraction of top and bottom contact structures of organic thin film transistors
This paper proposes a structure based model of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) and analyzes its device physics. The analytical model is developed for the top contact structure by mapping the overlap region to the resistance (in the vertical direction) ... Keywords: Analytical modeling, Contact resistance, Organic thin film transistor, Overlap region, Parameter extraction, Top and bottom contact structure, Vertical resistance
Brijesh Kumar, B. K. Kaushik, Y. S. Negi, S. Saxena, G. D. Varma
Toward a model-driven, alignment-oriented ERP methodology
Current methods for project management in the software engineering field consider a project as a process that transforms a specific business need into specific software. The role played by standard applications such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) ... Keywords: ERP, Enterprise engineering, Information system engineering, Project methodology, System alignment
Pierre-Alain Millet
An analytically solvable, axially non-homogeneous reactor model
approximation has been investigated numerically (Yasinski and Henry, 1965; Ott and Meneley, 1969; Bell and Glasstone,1970) and analytically in 1-D noise problems (KosaĂ? ly et al., 1977). The general conclusion
Pázsit, Imre
Border Crossing Modeling and Analysis: A Non-Stationary Dynamic Reallocation Methodology For Terminating Queueing Systems
The United States international land boundary is a volatile, security intense area. In 2010, the combined trade was $918 billion within North American nations, with 80% transported by commercial trucks. Over 50 million commercial vehicles cross the Texas/Mexico border every year, not including private vehicles and pedestrian traffic, between Brownsville and El Paso, Texas, through one of over 25 major border crossings called "ports of entry" (POE). Recently, securing our southwest border from terrorist interventions, undocumented immigrants, and the illegal flow of drugs and guns has dominated the need to efficiently and effectively process people, goods and traffic. Increasing security and inspection requirements are seriously affecting transit times. Each POE is configured as a multi-commodity, prioritized queueing network which rarely, if ever, operates in steady-state. Therefore, the problem is about finding a balance between a reduction of wait time and its variance, POE operation costs, and the sustainment of a security level. The contribution of the dissertation is three-fold. The first uses queueing theory on the border crossing process to develop a methodology that decreases border wait times without increasing costs or affecting security procedures. The outcome is the development of the Dynamic Reallocation Methodology (DRM). Currently at the POE, inspection stations are fixed and can only inspect one truck type, FAST or Non-FAST program participant. The methodology proposes moveable servers that once a threshold is met, can be switched to service the other type of truck. Particular emphasis is given to inspection (service) times under time-varying arrivals (demands). The second contribution is an analytical model of the POE, to analyze the effects of the DRM. First assuming a Markovian service time, DRM benefits are evaluated. However, field data and other research suggest a general distribution for service time. Therefore, a Coxian k-phased approximation is implemented. The DRM is analyzed under this new baseline using expected number in the system, and cycle times. A variance reduction procedure is also proposed and evaluated under DRM. Results show that queue length and wait time is reduced 10 to 33% depending on load, while increasing FAST wait time by less than three minutes.
Moya, Hiram
A Hydro-mechanical Model and Analytical Solutions for Geomechanical Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration
We present a hydro-mechanical model for geological sequestration of carbon dioxide. The model considers the poroelastic effects by taking into account the coupling between the geomechanical response and the fluid flow in greater detail. The simplified hydro-mechanical model includes the geomechanical part that relies on the linear elasticity, while the fluid flow is based on the Darcy's law. Two parts were coupled using the standard linear poroelasticity. Analytical solutions for pressure field were obtained for a typical geological sequestration scenario. The model predicts the temporal and spatial variation of pressure field and effects of permeability and elastic modulus of formation on the fluid pressure distribution.
Xu, Zhijie; Fang, Yilin; Scheibe, Timothy D.; Bonneville, Alain HR
A generic methodology for developing fuzzy decision models
An important paradigm in decision-making models is utility-maximization where most models do not include actors' motives. Fuzzy set theory on the other hand offers a method to simulate human decision-making. However, the literature describing expert-driven ... Keywords: Agriculture, DM, Decision-making, ES, Expert systems, FIS, FLM, FRF, Fuzzy models, HFS, Hierarchical models, IAAS, ICR, MF, TSK, VMD
Roel Bosma; Jan van den Berg; Uzay Kaymak; Henk Udo; Johan Verreth
Model Validation and Testing: The Methodological Foundation of ASHRAE Standard 140
Ideally, whole-building energy simulation programs model all aspects of a building that influence energy use and thermal and visual comfort for the occupants. An essential component of the development of such computer simulation models is a rigorous program of validation and testing. This paper describes a methodology to evaluate the accuracy of whole-building energy simulation programs. The methodology is also used to identify and diagnose differences in simulation predictions that may be caused by algorithmic differences, modeling limitations, coding errors, or input errors. The methodology has been adopted by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140, Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs (ASHRAE 2001a, 2004). A summary of the method is included in the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals (ASHRAE 2005). This paper describes the ASHRAE Standard 140 method of test and its methodological basis. Also discussed are possible future enhancements to ASHRAE Standard 140 and related research recommendations.
Judkoff, R.; Neymark, J.
Model Validation and Testing: The Methodological Foundation of ASHRAE Standard 140; Preprint
Ideally, whole-building energy simulation programs model all aspects of a building that influence energy use and thermal and visual comfort for the occupants. An essential component of the development of such computer simulation models is a rigorous program of validation and testing. This paper describes a methodology to evaluate the accuracy of whole-building energy simulation programs. The methodology is also used to identify and diagnose differences in simulation predictions that may be caused by algorithmic differences, modeling limitations, coding errors, or input errors. The methodology has been adopted by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140 (ANSI/ASHRAE 2001, 2004), Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs. A summary of the method is included in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (ASHRAE 2005). This paper describes the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140 method of test and its methodological basis. Also discussed are possible future enhancements to Standard 140 and related research recommendations.
Cluster cross sections for strong lensing: analytic and numerical lens models
The statistics of gravitationally lensed arcs was recognised earlier as a potentially powerful cosmological probe. However, while fully numerical models find orders of magnitude difference between the arc probabilities in different cosmological models, analytic models tend to find markedly different results. We introduce in this paper an analytic cluster lens model which improves upon existing analytic models in four ways. (1) We use the more realistic Navarro-Frenk-White profile instead of singular isothermal spheres, (2) we include the effect of cosmology on the compactness of the lenses, (3) we use elliptical instead of axially symmetric lenses, and (4) we take the intrinsic ellipticity of sources into account. While these improvements to the analytic model lead to a pronounced increase of the arc probability, comparisons with numerical models of the same virial mass demonstrate that the analytic models still fall short by a substantial margin of reproducing the results obtained with numerical models. Using multipole expansions of cluster mass distributions, we show that the remaining discrepancy can be attributed to substructure inside clusters and tidal fields contributed by the cluster surroundings, effects that cannot reasonably and reliably be mimicked in analytic models.
Massimo Meneghetti; Matthias Bartelmann; Lauro Moscardini
Methodology for Modeling Building Energy Performance across the Commercial Sector
This report uses EnergyPlus simulations of each building in the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) to document and demonstrate bottom-up methods of modeling the entire U.S. commercial buildings sector (EIA 2006). The ability to use a whole-building simulation tool to model the entire sector is of interest because the energy models enable us to answer subsequent 'what-if' questions that involve technologies and practices related to energy. This report documents how the whole-building models were generated from the building characteristics in 2003 CBECS and compares the simulation results to the survey data for energy use.
Griffith, B.; Long, N.; Torcellini, P.; Judkoff, R.; Crawley, D.; Ryan, J.
Empirical modelling of contagion: a review of methodologies
to identify the 12 unknown parameters. A joint test of contagion using the factor model in (2) and (17), can be achieved by comparing the objective function from the unconstrained model, qu, with the value obtained from estimating the constrained model, qc... , whereby the contagion parameters are set to zero. As the unconstrained model is just identiŢed, qu = 0, in which case the test is simply a test that under the null hypothesis of no contagion H0 : qc = 0, (19) which is distributed asymptotically as ?2...
Dungey, Mardi; Fry, Renee; Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Brenda; Martin, Vance L
Analytical inverse model for post-event attribution of plutonium
An integral part of deterring nuclear terrorism is the swift attribution of any event to a particular state or organization. By quickly being able to identify the responsible party after a nuclear event, appropriate people may be held accountable for their actions. Currently, there is a system in place to determine the origin of nuclear devices and materials from post-event data; however, the system requires significant time to produce an answer within acceptable error margins. Described here is a deterministic approach derived from first principles to solve the inverse problem. The derivation starts with the basic change rate equation and ends in relationships for important nuclear concentrations and device yield. This results in a computationally efficient and timely method for producing an estimate of the material attributes. This estimate can then be used as a starting point for other more detailed methods and reduce the overall computation time of the post-event forensics. This work focused on a specific type of nuclear event: a plutonium improvised nuclear device (IND) explosion. From post-event isotopic ratios, this method determines the device's pre-event isotopic concentrations of special nuclear material. From the original isotopic concentrations, the field of possible origins for the nuclear material is narrowed. In this scenario, knowing where the nuclear material did not originate is as important as knowing where it did. The derived methodology was tested using several cases of interest including simplified and realistic cases. For the simplistic cases, only two isotopes comprised the material being fissioned. In the realistic cases, both Weapons Grade and Reactor Grade plutonium were used to cover the spectrum of possible fissile material to be used by terrorists. The methodology performed very well over the desired energy range. Errors were under two percent from the expected values for all yields under 50 kT. In the realistic cases, competing reactions caused an increase in error; however, these stayed under five percent. As expected, with an increased yield, the error continued to rise, but these errors increased linearly. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the methodology to determine the impact of uncertainty in various physical constants. The result was that the inverse methodology is not overly sensitive to perturbations in these constants.
Miller, James Christopher
Applying Cell-DEVS Methodology for Modeling the Environment
Recent research efforts have focused on the analysis of environmental systems using cellular models. Although most of the existing solutions are based on the cellular automata formalism, this technique has some problems that constrain its power, usability ... Keywords: Cell-DEVS, DEVS, cellular automata, environmental models
Gabriel Wainer
A Stochastic Methodology for Regional Wind-Field Modeling
Three-dimensional, regional scale (?1000 km) air-quality simulation models require hourly inputs of U and V wind components for each vertical layer of the model and for each grid cell in the horizontal. The standard North American meteorological ...
Kenneth L. Schere; Carlie J. Coats
A new analytic-adaptive model for EGS assessment, development...
center in Nevada with REA250. State Nevada Objectives Develop and apply: (1) a Geologic Heat Exchanger (GHE) model, (2) a life-cycle model, and (3) a total system model. The GHE...
A scalable methodology for modeling cities as systems of systems
As cities evolve in size and complexity, their component systems become more interconnected. Comprehensive modeling and simulation is needed to capture interactions and correctly assess the impact of changes. This thesis ...
Wachtel, Amanda M. (Amanda Marie)
Regional Parameter Estimation of the VIC Land Surface Model: Methodology and Application to River Basins in China
This paper presents a methodology for regional parameter estimation of the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model with the goal of improving the streamflow simulation for river basins in China. This methodology is ...
Zhenghui Xie; Fei Yuan; Qingyun Duan; Jing Zheng; Miaoling Liang; Feng Chen
Human equivalent antenna model for HF exposures: analytical versus numerical approach
In this paper, the human exposure to HF radiation is analyzed using the simplified human equivalent antenna model featuring analytical and numerical approach, respectively. Namely, the human body is represented by an equivalent receiving straight thin ...
Dragan Poljak; Silvestar Sesnic; Ivana Zulim
An Analytic Model of the Wind and Pressure Profiles in Hurricanes
An analytic model of the radial profiles of sea level pressure and winds in a hurricane is presented. The equations contain two parameters which may be empirically estimated from observations in a hurricane or determined climatologically to ...
Greg J. Holland
Analytical Models of Narrow Cold-Frontal Rainbands and Related Phenomena
Simplified versions of the steady analytical models of density current developed by Moncrieff and So are shown to represent archetypes of cold-frontal rainbands (NCFRs) by making comparisons with the limited amount of published observational data ...
Mitchell W. Moncrieff
A new modelling methodology to control HVAC systems
Thermal comfort plays an important role in any working environment, but it is a very vague term and it is also very difficult to represent it on modern computers. Its proper definition could be a condition of the mind which expresses satisfaction with ... Keywords: Control, Energy, HVAC, Model, Thermal comfort
José A. Orosa
Analytical modelling of hydrogen transport in reactor containments
There are two diffusion processes, molecular and turbulent, which should be modelled in different ways. Molecular diffusion is modelled by Wilke's formula for the multi-component gas diffusion, where the diffusion constants ...
Manno, V.
A new coupled fluid-structure modeling methodology for running ductile fracture
A coupled fluid-structure modeling methodology for running ductile fracture in pressurized pipelines has been developed. The pipe material and fracture propagation have been modeled using the finite-element method with a ductile fracture criterion. The ... Keywords: CFD, FEM, Fluid-structure, Fracture, Leak, Pipeline
H. O. Nordhagen; S. Kragset; T. Berstad; A. Morin; C. Dřrum; S. T. Munkejord
Modeling and Methodology for Incorporating Existing Technologies to Produce Higher Probabilities of Detecting Suicide Bombers
Among the many weapons currently used by terrorist organizations against public welfare and coalition forces, human-born Improvised Explosive Devices IEDs present a significant threat. Commonly referred to as suicide bombers, these individuals enter ... Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit, Descriptive Statistics, Exponential Distributions, Mathematical Modeling, Methodology, Radar Cross Section, Radar Detection, Simulation Models, Suicide Bombs, Target Threshold
William P. Fox, John Binstock, Mike Minutas
Empirical Hardness Models: Methodology and a Case Study on Combinatorial Auctions
Empirical Hardness Models: Methodology and a Case Study on Combinatorial Auctions KEVIN LEYTON to be hard or easy. We also present two applications of our models: building algorithm portfolios that outperform their constituent algorithms, and generating test distributions that emphasize hard problems. We
Shoham, Yoav
Use case and task models: An integrated development methodology and its formal foundation
User Interface (UI) development methods are poorly integrated with standard software engineering practice. The differences in terms of artifacts involved, development philosophies, and lifecycles can often result in inconsistent system and UI specifications ... Keywords: Use case models, conformance, integrated development methodology, task models, verification
Daniel Sinnig; Patrice Chalin; Ferhat Khendek
Semi-analytical model for schottky-barrier carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon transistors
This paper describes a physics-based semi-analytical model for Schottky-barrier carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) transistors. The model includes the treatment of (i) both tunneling and thermionic currents, (ii) ambipolar conduction, ... Keywords: carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons, models, schottky-barrier
Xuebei Yang; Gianluca Fiori; Giuseppe Iannaccone; Kartik Mohanram
Executable JVM model for analytical reasoning: a study
To study the properties of the Java Virtual Machine(JVM) and Java programs, our research group has produced a series of JVM models written in a functional subset of Common Lisp. In this paper, we present our most complete JVM model from this series, ...
Hanbing Liu; J Strother Moore
Future world oil prices: modeling methodologies and summary of recent forecasts
This paper has three main objectives. First, the various methodologies that have been developed to explain historical oil price changes and forecast future price trends are reviewed and summarized. Second, the paper summarizes recent world oil price forecasts, and, then possible, discusses the methodologies used in formulating those forecasts. Third, utilizing conclusions from the reviews of the modeling methodologies and the recent price forecasts, in combination with an assessment of recent and projected oil market trends, oil price projections are given for the time period 1987 to 2022. The paper argues that modeling methodologies have undergone significant evolution during the past decade as modelers increasingly recognize the complex and constantly changing structure of the world oil market. Unfortunately, at this point in time a consensus about the appropriate methodology to use in formulating oil price forecasts is yet to be reached. There is, however, a general movement toward the opinion that both economic and political factors should be considered when making price projections. Likewise, there is no consensus about future oil price trends. Forecasts differ widely. However, in general, forecasts have been adjusted downwardly in recent years. Further, an overall assessment of the forecasts and recent oil market trends suggests that oil prices will remain constant in real terms for the remainder of the 1980s. Real oil prices are expected to increase by between 2 and 3% during the 1990s and beyond. Forecasters are quick to point out, however, that all forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty. 69 references, 3 figures, 10 tables.
Curlee, T.R.
Forecasting world oil prices: the evolution of modeling methodologies and summary of recent projections
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to review and summarize the varios methodologies that have been developed to explain historical oil price changes and forecast future price trends, (2) to summarize recent world oil price forecasts, and, when possible, discuss the methodologies used in formulating those forecasts, and (3) utilizing conclusions from the reviews of the modeling methodologies and the recent price forecasts, in combination with an assessment of recent and projected oil market trends, to give oil price projections for the time period 1987 to 2022. The paper argues that modeling methodologies have undergone significant evolution during the past decade as modelers increasingly recognize the complex and constantly changing structure of the world oil market. Unfortunately, a consensus about the appropriate methodology to use in formulating oil price forecasts is yet to be reached. There is, however, a general movement toward the opinion that both economic and political factors should be considered when making price projections. Likewise, there is no consensus about future oil price trends. Forecasts differ widely. However, in general, forecasts have been adjusted downwardly in recent years. Further, an overall assessment of the forecasts and recent oil market trends suggests that oil prices will remain constant in real terms for the remainder of the 1980s. Real oil prices are expected to increase by between 2 and 3% during the 1990s and beyond. Forecasters are quick to point out, however, that all forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty. 68 references, 1 figure, 6 tables.
Summary of the Supplemental Model Reports Supporting the Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report
The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) has committed to a series of model reports documenting the methodology to be utilized in the Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report (YMP 2000). These model reports detail and provide validation of the methodology to be utilized for criticality analyses related to: (1) Waste form/waste package degradation; (2) Waste package isotopic inventory; (3) Criticality potential of degraded waste form/waste package configurations (effective neutron multiplication factor); (4) Probability of criticality (for each potential critical configuration as well as total event); and (5) Criticality consequences. This purpose of this summary report is to provide a status of the model reports and a schedule for their completion. This report also provides information relative to the model report content and validation. The model reports and their revisions are being generated as a result of: (1) Commitments made in the Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report (YMP 2000); (2) Open Items from the Safety Evaluation Report (Reamer 2000); (3) Key Technical Issue agreements made during DOE/U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Technical Exchange Meeting (Reamer and Williams 2000); and (4) NRC requests for additional information (Schlueter 2002).
D. A. Brownson
An Analytic Model of Cold Air Damming and Its Applications
It is shown that the geometric shape of the cold dome in the two-layer model of cold air damming of Xu can be described approximately by a cubic polynomial and thus a set of coupled algebraic equations can be derived to quantify the scale and ...
Qin Xu; Shouting Gao
Analytical solution for two-phase flow in a wellbore using the drift-flux model
This paper presents analytical solutions for steady-state, compressible two-phase flow through a wellbore under isothermal conditions using the drift flux conceptual model. Although only applicable to highly idealized systems, the analytical solutions are useful for verifying numerical simulation capabilities that can handle much more complicated systems, and can be used in their own right for gaining insight about two-phase flow processes in wells. The analytical solutions are obtained by solving the mixture momentum equation of steady-state, two-phase flow with an assumption that the two phases are immiscible. These analytical solutions describe the steady-state behavior of two-phase flow in the wellbore, including profiles of phase saturation, phase velocities, and pressure gradients, as affected by the total mass flow rate, phase mass fraction, and drift velocity (i.e., the slip between two phases). Close matching between the analytical solutions and numerical solutions for a hypothetical CO{sub 2} leakage problem as well as to field data from a CO{sub 2} production well indicates that the analytical solution is capable of capturing the major features of steady-state two-phase flow through an open wellbore, and that the related assumptions and simplifications are justified for many actual systems. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution to evaluate how the bottomhole pressure in a well in which CO{sub 2} is leaking upward responds to the mass flow rate of CO{sub 2}-water mixture.
Pan, L.; Webb, S.W.; Oldenburg, C.M.
Enhanced Methodologies for Equipment Modeling for Implementation in Asset Management and Smart Grid
Todays utility maintenance and asset managers need better information to support substation equipment investment decisions, and evolving utility perspectives have led to increased executive interest in new approaches to enable better management of power delivery equipment. As a consequence, there is a need for models and methodologies that can supply the information required to make well-informed maintenance and asset management decisions.
Model based methodology development for energy recovery in flash heat exchange systems
Model based methodology development for energy recovery in flash heat exchange systems Problem with a condensing heat exchanger can be used when heat exchange is required between two streams and where at leastH, consistency etc.). To increase the efficiency of heat exchange, a cascade of these units in series can be used
McCarthy, John E.
Original article: Overview of analytical models of permanent magnet electrical machines for analysis and design purposes
Generally, accurate modelling of electrical machines requires the use of finite-element method. However, FE analysis is too time consuming, especially at firsts design stages, from the point of view of engineers working in R&D departments in the electrical ... Keywords: Analytical modelling, Electromagnetic analysis, Permanent magnet machines
Huguette Tiegna, Yacine Amara, Georges Barakat
Loop Quantum Cosmology in Bianchi Type I Models: Analytical Investigation
The comprehensive formulation for loop quantum cosmology in the spatially flat, isotropic model was recently constructed. In this paper, the methods are extended to the anisotropic Bianchi I cosmology. Both the precursor and the improved strategies are applied and the expected results are established: (i) the scalar field again serves as an internal clock and is treated as emergent time; (ii) the total Hamiltonian constraint is derived by imposing the fundamental discreteness and gives the evolution as a difference equation; and (iii) the physical Hilbert space, Dirac observables and semi-classical states are constructed rigorously. It is also shown that the state in the kinematical Hilbert space associated with the classical singularity is decoupled in the difference evolution equation, indicating that the big bounce may take place when any of the area scales undergoes the vanishing behavior. The investigation affirms the robustness of the framework used in the isotropic model by enlarging its domain of validity and provides foundations to conduct the detailed numerical analysis.
Dah-Wei Chiou
Coupled thermodynamic-dynamic semi-analytical model of Free Piston Stirling engines
The study of free piston Stirling engine (FPSE) requires both accurate thermodynamic and dynamic modelling to predict its performances. The steady state behaviour of the engine partly relies on non linear dissipative phenomena such as pressure drop loss within heat exchangers which is dependant on the temperature within the associated components. An analytical thermodynamic model which encompasses the effectiveness and the flaws of the heat exchangers and the regenerator has been previously developed and validated. A semi-analytical dynamic model of FPSE is developed and presented in this paper. The thermodynamic model is used to define the thermal variables that are used in the dynamic model which evaluates the kinematic results. Thus, a coupled iterative strategy has been used to perform a global simulation. The global modelling approach has been validated using the experimental data available from the NASA RE-1000 Stirling engine prototype. The resulting coupled thermodynamic-dynamic model using a standard...
Formosa, Fabien
Analytical model of the temperature dependent properties of microresonators immersed in a gas
A comprehensive theoretical model of microresonators immersed in a viscous gas of varying temperature is presented and verified by experiments. Analytical expressions for both the temperature dependent resonant frequency and quality factor of the first flexural eigenmode were derived extending Sader's theory of viscous damping to small temperature variations. The model provides useful implications for the thermal stabilization of microresonators immersed in a gas as well as for the reduction in the influence of the temperature dependent gas properties on the resonant frequency. Finally, an analytical expression is deduced for the mass detection capability of a microresonator that undergoes temperature variations.
Ilin, E. A.; Kehrbusch, J.; Radzio, B.; Oesterschulze, E. [Physics and Technology of Nanostructures, Nano-Bio-Center, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern (Germany)
Balance Calibration and Use in an Analytical Environment ...
... the sources of weighing errors in analytical environments, methodologies for ... to use of balances in an analytical environment where compliance ...
Analytical and numerical models of uranium ignition assisted by hydride formation
Analytical and numerical models of uranium ignition assisted by the oxidation of uranium hydride are described. The models were developed to demonstrate that ignition of large uranium ingots could not occur as a result of possible hydride formation during storage. The thermodynamics-based analytical model predicted an overall 17 C temperature rise of the ingot due to hydride oxidation upon opening of the storage can in air. The numerical model predicted locally higher temperature increases at the surface; the transient temperature increase quickly dissipated. The numerical model was further used to determine conditions for which hydride oxidation does lead to ignition of uranium metal. Room temperature ignition only occurs for high hydride fractions in the nominally oxide reaction product and high specific surface areas of the uranium metal.
Totemeier, T.C.; Hayes, S.L. [Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Engineering Div.
Methodology for Constructing Reduced-Order Power Block Performance Models for CSP Applications: Preprint
The inherent variability of the solar resource presents a unique challenge for CSP systems. Incident solar irradiation can fluctuate widely over a short time scale, but plant performance must be assessed for long time periods. As a result, annual simulations with hourly (or sub-hourly) timesteps are the norm in CSP analysis. A highly detailed power cycle model provides accuracy but tends to suffer from prohibitively long run-times; alternatively, simplified empirical models can run quickly but don?t always provide enough information, accuracy, or flexibility for the modeler. The ideal model for feasibility-level analysis incorporates both the detail and accuracy of a first-principle model with the low computational load of a regression model. The work presented in this paper proposes a methodology for organizing and extracting information from the performance output of a detailed model, then using it to develop a flexible reduced-order regression model in a systematic and structured way. A similar but less generalized approach for characterizing power cycle performance and a reduced-order modeling methodology for CFD analysis of heat transfer from electronic devices have been presented. This paper builds on these publications and the non-dimensional approach originally described.
Wagner, M.
Simulating Aerosols Using a Chemical Transport Model with Assimilation of Satellite Aerosol Retrievals: Methodology for INDOEX
A system for simulating aerosols has been developed using a chemical transport model together with an assimilation of satellite aerosol retrievals. The methodology and model components are described in this paper, and the modeled distribution of aerosols for the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) is presented by Rasch et al. [this issue]. The system generated aerosol forecasts to guide deployment of ships and aircraft during INDOEX. The system consists of the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) combined with an assimilation package developed for applications in atmospheric chemistry. MATCH predicts the evolution of sulfate, carbonaceous, and mineral dust aerosols, and it diagnoses the distribution of sea salt aerosols. The model includes a detailed treatment of the sources, chemical transformation, transport, and deposition of the aerosol species. The aerosol forecasts involve a two-stage process. During the assimilation phase the total column aerosol optical depth (AOD) is estimated from the model aerosol fields. The model state is then adjusted to improve the agreement between the simulated AOD and satellite retrievals of AOD. During the subsequent integration phase the aerosol fields are evolved using meteorological fields from an external model. Comparison of the modeled AOD against estimates of the AOD from INDOEX Sun photometer data show that the differences in daily means are #0.03 # 0.06. Although the initial application is limited to the Indian Ocean, the methodology could be extended to derive global aerosol analyses combining in situ and remotely sensed aerosol observations.
William D. Collins; Phillip J. Rasch; Brian E. Eaton; Boris V. Khattatov; Jean-francois Lamarque; C. Zender
An Analytical Model of the Diurnal Oscillation of the Inversion Base Due to the Sea Breeze
The diurnal oscillation of the height of the inversion due to the sea breeze is studied analytically by use of a linear model. The base of the inversion over the sea moved downward during daytime and upward during nighttime. Over the land the ...
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries Peng Rong, Student Member, IEEE and Massoud Pedram, Fellow, IEEE Abstract -- Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing
Computing combustion noise by combining Large Eddy Simulations with analytical models for the propagation of waves
Computing combustion noise by combining Large Eddy Simulations with analytical models +++++ Presented by Ignacio Duran Abstract Two mechanisms control combustion noise generation as shown by Marble. A method to calculate combustion-generated noise has been implemented in a tool called CHORUS. The method
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Analytical Division
Analytical Division Common (non-systematic) Names for Fatty Acids Analytical Division Analytical Chemistry Divisions Analytical Division Common (non-
Analytical Modeling of Wood Frame Shear Walls Subjected to Vertical Load
A nonlinear automated parameter fitted analytical model that numerically predicts the load-displacement response of wood frame shear walls subjected to static monotonic loading with and without vertical load is presented. This analytical model referred to as Analytical Model of wood frame SHEar walls subjected to Vertical load (AMSHEV) is based on the kinematic behavior of wood frame shear walls and captures significant characteristics observed from experimental testing through appropriate modeling of three failure mechanisms that can occur within a shear wall under static monotonic load: 1) failure of sheathing-to-framing connectors, 2) failure of vertical studs, and 3) uplift of end studs from bottom sill. Previous models have not accounted for these failure mechanisms as well as the inclusion of vertical load, which has shown to reveal beneficial effects such as increasing the ultimate load capacity and limiting uplift of the wall as noted in experimental tests. Results from the proposed numerical model capture these effects within 7% error of experimental test data even when different magnitudes of vertical load are applied to predict the ultimate load capacity of wood frame shear walls.
Nguyendinh, Hai
Analytical Models for Energy Consumption in Infrastructure WLAN STAs Carrying TCP Traffic
We develop analytical models for estimating the energy spent by stations (STAs) in infrastructure WLANs when performing TCP controlled file downloads. We focus on the energy spent in radio communication when the STAs are in the Continuously Active Mode (CAM), or in the static Power Save Mode (PSM). Our approach is to develop accurate models for obtaining the fraction of times the STA radios spend in idling, receiving and transmitting. We discuss two traffic models for each mode of operation: (i) each STA performs one large file download, and (ii) the STAs perform short file transfers. We evaluate the rate of STA energy expenditure with long file downloads, and show that static PSM is worse than just using CAM. For short file downloads we compute the number of file downloads that can be completed with given battery capacity, and show that PSM performs better than CAM for this case. We provide a validation of our analytical models using the NS-2 simulator. In contrast to earlier work on analytical modeling of P...
Agrawal, Pranav; Kuri, Joy; Panda, Manoj; Navda, Vishnu; Ramjee, Ramachandran
The Analytical Repository Source-Term (AREST) model: Description and documentation
The geologic repository system consists of several components, one of which is the engineered barrier system. The engineered barrier system interfaces with natural barriers that constitute the setting of the repository. A model that simulates the releases from the engineered barrier system into the natural barriers of the geosphere, called a source-term model, is an important component of any model for assessing the overall performance of the geologic repository system. The Analytical Repository Source-Term (AREST) model being developed is one such model. This report describes the current state of development of the AREST model and the code in which the model is implemented. The AREST model consists of three component models and five process models that describe the post-emplacement environment of a waste package. All of these components are combined within a probabilistic framework. The component models are a waste package containment (WPC) model that simulates the corrosion and degradation processes which eventually result in waste package containment failure; a waste package release (WPR) model that calculates the rates of radionuclide release from the failed waste package; and an engineered system release (ESR) model that controls the flow of information among all AREST components and process models and combines release output from the WPR model with failure times from the WPC model to produce estimates of total release. 167 refs., 40 figs., 12 tabs.
Liebetrau, A.M.; Apted, M.J.; Engel, D.W.; Altenhofen, M.K.; Strachan, D.M.; Reid, C.R.; Windisch, C.F.; Erikson, R.L.; Johnson, K.I.
Modeling the Capacity and Emissions Impacts of Reduced Electricity Demand. Part 1. Methodology and Preliminary Results.
Impacts of Reduced Electricity Demand. Part 1. MethodologyImpacts of Reduced Electricity Demand. Part 1. MethodologyFigure 3: Commercial electricity demand with and without the
Coughlin, Katie
Analytical inference model for prediction and customization of inter-agent dependency requirements
Inter-agent communication is one of the main concerns of Agent Oriented Requirements Engineering (AORE). The concern is delineated as managing inter-dependencies and interaction among various agents performing collaborative activities. To carry out cooperative ... Keywords: adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), analytical inference model (AIM), degree of dependency (DoD), mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS), multi-agent system (MAS), sugeno fuzzy inference system (SFIS)
Vibha Gaur; Anuja Soni
Analytical modeling of core hydraulics and flow management in breeder reactors
An analytical model representing the hydraulic behavior of the primary system of fast breeder nuclear reactors is discussed. A computer code capable of detailing the core flow distribution and characterizing the flow and pressure drop in each reactor component is presented. Application of this method to the reactor core thermal-hydraulic design has allowed optimization of the flow management with consequent upgrading in performance, reduction of unnecessary conservatism and very substantial cost savings. Typical quantitative examples are presented.
Carelli, M.D.; Willis, J.M.
Modeling the reactive inorganic solute distributions in the groundwater flow systems of the Hanford Site using inverse analytical modeling techniques
Inverse analytical techniques were used to model solute distributions and determine transport parameters for two flow systems in the Yakima Basalt subgroup at the Hanford Site in Washington state. Previous studies of these flow systems used chloride as a tracer to determine the transverse dispersivities of several of the Hanford flow systems. This study analyzes three reactive solute distributions, two of which are coincident, to determine aquifer and solute reactions parameters. In addition to modeling the transport of two solutes, a chemical speciation model, MINTEQA2, was used to determine saturation indices for the sample waters in an effort to verify observed secondary mineralization. Boron and potassium were the two solute distributions modeled in this study. The analytical model results accurately reproduce the observed field conditions, comply with the assumptions of the conceptual model, and match the results of the previous chloride study. The parameters determined by the analytical model include the source size and dimension, transverse dispersivity, and reaction rate/solute velocity ratio. The reaction rate term is used to describe the first order reactions experienced by boron and potassium. This term is believed to represent the affect of both precipitation and non-equilibrium sorption reactions. Due to the nature of the problem, this ratio cannot be separated for its individual terms. However, the relative rates of reaction for the solutes are determined.
Adamski, Mark Robert
A new analytic-adaptive model for EGS assessment, development and
new analytic-adaptive model for EGS assessment, development and new analytic-adaptive model for EGS assessment, development and management support Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title A new analytic-adaptive model for EGS assessment, development and management support Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 Integrated Chemical, Thermal, Mechanical and Hydrological Modeling Project Description The University of Nevada - Reno (UNR), proposes to develop a new, integrated solution technique for simulating the Thermal, Hydrological, Mechanical, and Chemical (THMC) processes relevant to thermal energy extraction from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). UNR defines the great challenges in numerical modeling as to (1) dealing with flows and transport in the stimulated fractures of the EGS of largely unknown geometry and characteristics; and (2) discovering the best possible cooling fluid circulation solution in the EGS by trial-and-error numerical simulations. The new THMC will have an adaptive, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) component, integrated with the THMC rockmass model in order to match field test signatures, or desired outcomes in design hypothesis test. The project's main hypothesis is that there are new solutions to heat extraction from an as-created, enhanced fracture system of EGS. The project will develop a new THMC simulation model with new capabilities and prove the main hypothesis by and applying it to various EGS designs including emerging concepts, two-phase (steam-gas-liquid) coolant flows in the fracture network, and dynamic, huff-puff operations.
Analytical mass leaching model for contaminated soil and soil stabilized waste
An analytical model for evaluating mass leaching from contaminated soil or soil stabilized waste is presented. The model is based on mass transport due to advection, dispersion, and retardation and can be used to evaluate the suitability and/or efficiency of soil washing solutions based on the results of column leaching studies. The model differs from more traditional models for column leaching studies in that the analysis is based on the cumulative mass of leachate instead of leachate concentration. A cumulative mass basis for leaching eliminates the requirement for determination of instantaneous effluent concentrations in the more traditional column leaching approach thereby allowing for the collection of relatively large effluent volumes. The cumulative masses of three heavy metals -- Cd, Pb, and Zn -- leached from two specimens of soil mixed with fly ash are analyzed with the mass leaching model to illustrate application and limitation of the model.
Shackelford, C.D. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Dept. of Civil Engineering; Glade, M.J. [Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., Denver, CO (United States)
A methodology for assessing the market benefits of alternative motor fuels: The Alternative Fuels Trade Model
This report describes a modeling methodology for examining the prospective economic benefits of displacing motor gasoline use by alternative fuels. The approach is based on the Alternative Fuels Trade Model (AFTM). AFTM development was undertaken by the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of a longer term study of alternative fuels issues. The AFTM is intended to assist with evaluating how alternative fuels may be promoted effectively, and what the consequences of substantial alternative fuels use might be. Such an evaluation of policies and consequences of an alternative fuels program is being undertaken by DOE as required by Section 502(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Interest in alternative fuels is based on the prospective economic, environmental and energy security benefits from the substitution of these fuels for conventional transportation fuels. The transportation sector is heavily dependent on oil. Increased oil use implies increased petroleum imports, with much of the increase coming from OPEC countries. Conversely, displacement of gasoline has the potential to reduce US petroleum imports, thereby reducing reliance on OPEC oil and possibly weakening OPEC`s ability to extract monopoly profits. The magnitude of US petroleum import reduction, the attendant fuel price changes, and the resulting US benefits, depend upon the nature of oil-gas substitution and the supply and demand behavior of other world regions. The methodology applies an integrated model of fuel market interactions to characterize these effects.
Leiby, P.N.
Dynamic models of residential segregation: brief review, analytical resolution and study of the introduction of coordination
In his 1971's Dynamic Models of Segregation paper, the economist Thomas C. Schelling showed that a small preference for one's neighbors to be of the same color could lead to total segregation, even if total segregation does not correspond to individual preferences and to a residential configuration maximizing the collective utility. The present work is aimed at deepening the understanding of the properties of dynamic models of segregation based on Schelling's hypotheses. Its main contributions are (i) to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date review of this family of models; (ii) to provide an analytical solution to the most general form of this model under rather general assumptions; to the best of our knowledge, such a solution did not exist so far; (iii) to analyse the effect of two devices aimed at decreasing segregation in such a model.
Grauwin, S; Jensen, P
Model-Based Methodology for Building Confidence in a Dynamic Measuring System
This thesis examines the special case in which a newly developed dynamic measurement system must be characterized when an accepted standard qualification procedure does not yet exist. In order to characterize this type of system, both physical experimentation and computational simulation methods will be used to build trust in this measurement system. This process of establishing credibility will be presented in the form of a proposed methodology. This proposed methodology will utilize verification and validation methods that apply within the simulation community as the foundation for this multi-faceted approach. The methodology will establish the relationships between four key elements: physical experimentation, conceptual modeling, computational simulations, and data processing. The combination of these activities will provide a comprehensive characterization study of the system. In order to illustrate the methodology, a case study was performed on a dynamic force measurement system owned by Sandia National Laboratories. This system was designed to measure the force required to pull a specimen to failure in tension at a user-input velocity. The results of the case study found that there was a significant measurement error occurring as the pull event involved large break loads and high velocities. 100 pull events were recorded using an experimental test assembly. The highest load conditions discovered a force measurement error of over 100%. Using computational simulations, this measurement error was reduced to less than 10%. These simulations were designed to account for the inertial effects that skew the piezoelectric load cells. This thesis displays the raw data and the corrected data for five different pull settings. The simulations designed using the methodology significantly reduced the error in all five pull settings. In addition to the force analysis, the simulations provide insight into the complete system performance. This includes the analysis of the maximum system velocity as well as the analysis of several proposed design changes. The findings suggest that the dynamic measurement system has a maximum velocity of 28 fps, and that this maximum velocity is unaffected by the track length or the mass of the moving carriage.
Reese, Isaac Mark
Modeling of the anode side of a direct methanol fuel cell with analytical solutions
In this work, analytical solutions were derived (for any methanol oxidation reaction order) for the profiles of methanol concentration and proton current density by assuming diffusion mass transport mechanism, Tafel kinetics, and fast proton transport in the anodic catalyst layer of a direct methanol fuel cell. An expression for the Thiele modulus that allows to express the anodic overpotential as a function of the cell current, and kinetic and mass transfer parameters was obtained. For high cell current densities, it was found that the Thiele modulus ($\\phi^2$) varies quadratically with cell current density; yielding a simple correlation between anodic overpotential and cell current density. Analytical solutions were derived for the profiles of both local methanol concentration in the catalyst layer and local anodic current density in the catalyst layer. Under the assumptions of the model presented here, in general, the local methanol concentration in the catalyst layer cannot be expressed as an explicit fun...
Mosquera, Martín A
Method of and apparatus for determining the similarity of a biological analyte from a model constructed from known biological fluids
DOE Patents (OSTI)
The characteristics of a biological fluid sample having an analyte are determined from a model constructed from plural known biological fluid samples. The model is a function of the concentration of materials in the known fluid samples as a function of absorption of wideband infrared energy. The wideband infrared energy is coupled to the analyte containing sample so there is differential absorption of the infrared energy as a function of the wavelength of the wideband infrared energy incident on the analyte containing sample. The differential absorption causes intensity variations of the infrared energy incident on the analyte containing sample as a function of sample wavelength of the energy, and concentration of the unknown analyte is determined from the thus-derived intensity variations of the infrared energy as a function of wavelength from the model absorption versus wavelength function.
Robinson, Mark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Ward, Kenneth J. (Albuquerque, NM); Eaton, Robert P. (Albuquerque, NM); Haaland, David M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Model Validation and Testing: Model Validation and Testing: The Methodological Foundation of ASHRAE Standard 140 Preprint R. Judkoff National Renewable Energy Laboratory J. Neymark J. Neymark & Associates Presented at the ASHRAE 2006 Annual Meeting Quebec City, Canada June 24-29, 2006 Conference Paper NREL/CP-550-40360 July 2006 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
WaterSense Program: Methodology for National Water Savings Analysis Model Indoor Residential Water Use
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) influences the market for plumbing fixtures and fittings by encouraging consumers to purchase products that carry the WaterSense label, which certifies those products as performing at low flow rates compared to unlabeled fixtures and fittings. As consumers decide to purchase water-efficient products, water consumption will decline nationwide. Decreased water consumption should prolong the operating life of water and wastewater treatment facilities.This report describes the method used to calculate national water savings attributable to EPA?s WaterSense program. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet model, the National Water Savings (NWS) analysis model, accompanies this methodology report. Version 1.0 of the NWS model evaluates indoor residential water consumption. Two additional documents, a Users? Guide to the spreadsheet model and an Impacts Report, accompany the NWS model and this methodology document. Altogether, these four documents represent Phase One of this project. The Users? Guide leads policy makers through the spreadsheet options available for projecting the water savings that result from various policy scenarios. The Impacts Report shows national water savings that will result from differing degrees of market saturation of high-efficiency water-using products.This detailed methodology report describes the NWS analysis model, which examines the effects of WaterSense by tracking the shipments of products that WaterSense has designated as water-efficient. The model estimates market penetration of products that carry the WaterSense label. Market penetration is calculated for both existing and new construction. The NWS model estimates savings based on an accounting analysis of water-using products and of building stock. Estimates of future national water savings will help policy makers further direct the focus of WaterSense and calculate stakeholder impacts from the program.Calculating the total gallons of water the WaterSense program saves nationwide involves integrating two components, or modules, of the NWS model. Module 1 calculates the baseline national water consumption of typical fixtures, fittings, and appliances prior to the program (as described in Section 2.0 of this report). Module 2 develops trends in efficiency for water-using products both in the business-as-usual case and as a result of the program (Section 3.0). The NWS model combines the two modules to calculate total gallons saved by the WaterSense program (Section 4.0). Figure 1 illustrates the modules and the process involved in modeling for the NWS model analysis.The output of the NWS model provides the base case for each end use, as well as a prediction of total residential indoor water consumption during the next two decades. Based on the calculations described in Section 4.0, we can project a timeline of water savings attributable to the WaterSense program. The savings increase each year as the program results in the installation of greater numbers of efficient products, which come to compose more and more of the product stock in households throughout the United States.
Whitehead, Camilla Dunham; McNeil, Michael; Dunham_Whitehead, Camilla; Letschert, Virginie; della_Cava, Mirka
A combined reaction class approach with integrated molecular orbital+molecular orbital (IMOMO) methodology: A practical tool for kinetic modeling
We present a new practical computational methodology for predicting thermal rate constants of reactions involving large molecules or a large number of elementary reactions in the same class. This methodology combines the integrated molecular orbital+molecular orbital (IMOMO) approach with our recently proposed reaction class models for tunneling. With the new methodology, we show that it is possible to significantly reduce the computational cost by several orders of magnitude while compromising the accuracy in the predicted rate constants by less than 40% over a wide range of temperatures. Another important result is that the computational cost increases only slightly as the system size increases. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.
Truong, Thanh N. [Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Room Dock, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (United States); Maity, Dilip K. [Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Room Dock, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (United States); Truong, Thanh-Thai T. [Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Room Dock, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (United States)
A methodology for experimentally verifying simulation models for distribution transformer internal faults
Internal winding faults comprise 70-80% of modem transformer breakdown. In this era of deregulation, this phenomenon is likely to increase since loading transformers to their optimum capacity is becoming normal practice. These internal faults result from degradation of the transformer winding insulation, which tends to cause a breakdown in the dielectric strength. This breakdown either causes adjacent windings to short or a winding to be shorted to a grounded part of the transformer. Such faults can be very catastrophic and hence expensive. Utilities therefore welcome inexpensive methods employed to detect such faults in the incipient stage. The long-term objective of this research is the development of an inexpensive technique for the detection of transformer incipient winding faults. As part of this research, the thesis presents: 1. Internal winding models of single-phase, distribution transformers. These models are adapted from an earlier work of modeling internal winding faults of three-phase power transformers. They are compatible with the Alternative Transients Program and enable the transformer winding terminal parameters to be monitored. They allow the simulation of faults between any turn and the earth or between any two turns of the transformer windings. 2. Simulation of various internal winding faults of a single-phase distribution transformer using the models. 3. A general methodology to experimentally verify simulation models for distribution transformer internal winding faults including details of the design and layout of a field experimental setup containing a 25kVA, 7200V/240V/120V single-phase, custom-built transformer and a 25kW resistor load bank. 4. A comparison of the simulation and corresponding field experiment results. Although the simulation models neglected factors such as saturation and consequently transformer nonlinearities, the simulation and field results were very similar. As a contribution, the experimental setup presented in this work could generally be used for simulation model verification by following the proposed methodology with appropriate modifications. The validated models can be utilized to generate fault data for all kinds of scenarios including those that would be impossible to stage experimentally due to high levels of fault currents. These data can be used as a basis for a single-phase transformer incipient fault detection system.
Palmer-Buckle, Peter
Detailed models for hydrogen storage systems provide essential design information about flow and temperature distributions, as well as, the utilization of a hydrogen storage media. However, before constructing a detailed model it is necessary to know the geometry and length scales of the system, along with its heat transfer requirements, which depend on the limiting reaction kinetics. More fundamentally, before committing significant time and resources to the development of a detailed model, it is necessary to know whether a conceptual storage system design is viable. For this reason, a hierarchical system of models progressing from scoping models to detailed analyses was developed. This paper, which discusses the scoping models, is the first in a two part series that presents a collection of hierarchical models for the design and evaluation of hydrogen storage systems.
Transportation Sector Module 2003, Model Documentation
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation Model (TRAN). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated by the model.
John Maples
Transportation Sector Module 2009, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2006, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2007, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2002, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2001, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2004, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2005, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2008, Model Documentation
An analytical model for predicting the remaining battery capacity of lithium-ion batteries
Abstract—Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing and applying an effective dynamic power management policy for the device. This paper starts up by showing that a 30 % error in predicting the battery capacity of a lithium-ion battery can result in up to 20 % performance degradation for a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling algorithm. Next, this paper presents a closed form analytical expression for predicting the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery. The proposed high-level model, which relies on online current and voltage measurements, correctly accounts for the temperature and cycle aging effects. The accuracy of the highlevel model is validated by comparing it with DUALFOIL simulation results, demonstrating a maximum of 5 % error between simulated and predicted data. Index Terms—Accelerated rate capacity, cycle aging and dynamic voltage scaling, remaining battery capacity, temperature. I.
Peng Rong; Student Member; Massoud Pedram
The frequency-dependence of nonlinear conductivity in disordered systems: an analytically solvable model
For the hopping dynamics in a one-dimensional model, containing energy and barrier disorder, we determine the linear and nonlinear response to an external field for arbitrary external frequencies. The calculation is performed in analytical terms. We systematically analyze the parameter space and find three different regimes, corresponding to qualitatively different frequency dependencies of the nonlinear response. Two regimes agree with the results of recent conductivity experiments on inorganic ion conductors and ionic liquids, respectively. The ratio of the nonlinear and linear conductivity in the dc-regime can be explicitly expressed in terms of the disorder parameters. As a generic feature the nonlinear conductivity displays a minimum as a function of frequency which can be identified with forward-backward dynamics in a double-well potential. The magnitude and sign of the nonlinear conductivity around the minimum is a measure of the disorder, inherent in this model. Surprisingly, the frequency of the minimum is hardly influenced by the disorder.
Clara Mattner; Bernhard Roling; Andreas Heuer
Analytical risk-based model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport in landfills with radium sources
An analytical model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport through soils is derived for environmental modeling of landfills containing uranium mill tailings or Ra-226 sources. Processes include radon diffusion in both the gas and liquid phases, ... Keywords: Landfill, Multiphase, Performance assessment, Probabilistic modeling, Radium, Radon, Transport
Clifford K. Ho
Analytical free energy second derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates: Complete formulation for electrostatic continuum solvation models
We present the theory and the implementation of analytical free energy second derivatives with respect to nuclear displacements for a molecular solute described within the framework of the polarizable continuum model. The formulation applies to a cavity with an accurately modeled molecular shape and it permits a complete consideration of all aspects of the solvation model. In particular
B. Mennucci; R. Cammi; J. Tomasi
ANALYTICAL LIGHT CURVE MODELS OF SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE: {chi}{sup 2}-MINIMIZATION OF PARAMETER FITS
We present fits of generalized semi-analytic supernova (SN) light curve (LC) models for a variety of power inputs including {sup 56}Ni and {sup 56}Co radioactive decay, magnetar spin-down, and forward and reverse shock heating due to supernova ejecta-circumstellar matter (CSM) interaction. We apply our models to the observed LCs of the H-rich superluminous supernovae (SLSN-II) SN 2006gy, SN 2006tf, SN 2008am, SN 2008es, CSS100217, the H-poor SLSN-I SN 2005ap, SCP06F6, SN 2007bi, SN 2010gx, and SN 2010kd, as well as to the interacting SN 2008iy and PTF 09uj. Our goal is to determine the dominant mechanism that powers the LCs of these extraordinary events and the physical conditions involved in each case. We also present a comparison of our semi-analytical results with recent results from numerical radiation hydrodynamics calculations in the particular case of SN 2006gy in order to explore the strengths and weaknesses of our models. We find that CS shock heating produced by ejecta-CSM interaction provides a better fit to the LCs of most of the events we examine. We discuss the possibility that collision of supernova ejecta with hydrogen-deficient CSM accounts for some of the hydrogen-deficient SLSNe (SLSN-I) and may be a plausible explanation for the explosion mechanism of SN 2007bi, the pair-instability supernova candidate. We characterize and discuss issues of parameter degeneracy.
Chatzopoulos, E.; Wheeler, J. Craig; Vinko, J. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States); Horvath, Z. L.; Nagy, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged (Hungary)
Analytical modeling of a fracture-injection/falloff sequence and the development of a refracture-candidate diagnostic test
Fracture-injection/falloff sequences are routinely used as pre-frac well tests to estimate reservoir pressure and transmissibility, but the current interpretation methods are limited to analyzing specific and very small portions of the pressure falloff data. To remove the current limitations, new analytical fractureinjection/ falloff models are developed that account for fracture propagation, fracture closure, and after fracture closure diffusion. A fracture-injection/falloff differs from a conventional injection/falloff sequence in that pressure during the injection is sufficient to initiate and propagate a hydraulic fracture. By considering fracture propagation as time-dependent storage, three new models are presented for a fractureinjection/ falloff sequence in a well in an infinite slab reservoir with a single vertical fracture created during the injection and with variable fracture and wellbore storage as follows: Â? Equivalent propagating-fracture and before-fracture-closure storage with constant after-fractureclosure storage. Â? Time-dependent propagating-fracture storage, constant before-closure storage, and constant afterclosure storage. Â? Time-dependent propagating-fracture storage, constant before-closure storage with linear flow from the fracture, and constant wellbore storage and skin with after-closure radial flow. When a fracture-injection can be considered as occurring instantaneously, limiting-case solutions of the new fracture-injection/falloff models suggest the observed pressure difference can be integrated to generate an equivalent pressure difference if the rate were constant. Consequently, a fractureinjection/ falloff sequence can be analyzed with constant-rate, variable-storage type curves. The new fracture-injection/falloff theory is also extended to allow for a fracture-injection in a reservoir containing an existing conductive hydraulic fracture. The new multiple-fracture fracture-injection/falloff model forms the basis of a new refracture-candidate diagnostic test that uses characteristic variable-storage behavior to qualitatively diagnose a pre-existing fracture retaining residual width and to determine if a preexisting fracture is damaged. A quantitative analysis methodology is also proposed that uses a new pressure-transient solution for a well in an infinite-slab reservoir producing through multiple arbitrarilyoriented finite- or infinite-conductivity fractures.
Craig, David Paul
History dependent dynamics in a generic model of ion channels - an analytic study
Recent experiments have demonstrated that the timescale of adaptation of single neurons and ion channel populations to stimuli slows down as the length of stimulation increases; in fact, no upper bound on temporal time-scales seems to exist in such systems. Furthermore, patch clamp experiments on single ion channels have hinted at the existence of large, mostly unobservable, inactivation state spaces within a single ion channel. This raises the question of the relation between this multitude of inactivation states and the observed behavior. In this work we propose a minimal model for ion channel dynamics which does not assume any specific structure of the inactivation state space. The model is simple enough to render an analytical study possible. This leads to a clear and concise explanation of the experimentally observed exponential history-dependent relaxation in sodium channels in a voltage clamp setting, and shows that their recovery rate from slow inactivation must be voltage dependent. Furthermore, we predict that history-dependent relaxation cannot be created by overly sparse spiking activity. While the model was created with ion channel populations in mind, its simplicity and genericalness render it a good starting point for modeling similar effects in other systems, and for scaling up to higher levels such as single neurons which are also known to exhibit multiple time scales.
Daniel Soudry; Ron Meir
Model Spectral Energy Distributions of Circumstellar Debris Disks I. Analytic Disk Density Distributions
We present results of a study aimed at deriving fundamental properties of circumstellar debris disks from observed infrared to submillimeter spectral energy distributions. This investigation is motivated by increasing telescope/detector sensitivity, in particular the expected availability of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) followed by the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), which will enable detailed studies with large source samples of late stage circumstellar disk and planetary system evolution. We base our study on an analytic model of the disk density distribution and geometry, taking into account existing constraints from observations and results of theoretical investigations of debris disks. We also outline the effects of the most profound characteristics of circumstellar dust including the grain size distribution and dust chemical composition. In particular we find that an increasing iron content in silicates mainly causes an increase of the dust absorption effiency and thus increases the dust reemission continuum. Furthermore, the influence of the sp 2 /sp 3 hybridization
Sebastian Wolf; Lynne A. Hillenbr
Analysis of the semianalytical method for matching aquifer influence functions using an analytical model
For a heterogeneous aquifer of unknown size and shape, ics. Aquifer Influence Functions (AIF) can be used to model the aquifer pressure behavior from field production and pressure data. Two methods have been used in the past to accomplish this, namely Linear Programming (LP) and the Semianalytical technique. The latter is based on the analytical solution form of a heterogeneous aquifer of any size and shape. The approximating AIF is a continuous function, which is a truncated series of the exact analytical solution. This Semianalytical function is fitted to field data by the use of nonlinear least squares fitting. It has the advantages over the LP method that it is much faster, uses less computer space, and does not require evenly spaced production periods. For the cases in which the OGIP is unknown, a technique was proposed in the past in which the term Relative Error is defined. Several values of OGIP are assumed, and the one that yields the minimum Relative Error is the actual or optimum value of OGIP. Because of the nonlinear nature of the optimization procedure, when the Semianalytical technique is used along with the Relative Error technique, it tends to be caught in the so-called local minima, which lead to the determination of spurious values of the AIF and the optimum OGIP. Both the LP and the Semianalytical techniques have been validated using field data. However, when the latter is used, weird variations of the Relative Error function, and unrealistically low values of the optimum OGIP are observed. A simple analytical model is used in this project. It allows the generation of synthetic data. The objective is to use those as input data to the Semianalytical and Relative Error techniques and determine their effectiveness to determine the AIF and the optimum OGIP which are known in advance. A modification is proposed in the current research to prevent the nonlinear regression from getting caught in the local minima. After this goal is attained, typical features in the normalized Relative Error and allows the determination of the drive mechanism and the OGIP even in gas reservoirs whose histories are so brief that the use of the p/Z technique becomes prohibitive.
Vega, Leonardo
Human Factors Engineering Program Review Model (NUREG-0711)Revision 3: Update Methodology and Key Revisions
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the human factors engineering (HFE) programs of applicants for nuclear power plant construction permits, operating licenses, standard design certifications, and combined operating licenses. The purpose of these safety reviews is to help ensure that personnel performance and reliability are appropriately supported. Detailed design review procedures and guidance for the evaluations is provided in three key documents: the Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800), the HFE Program Review Model (NUREG-0711), and the Human-System Interface Design Review Guidelines (NUREG-0700). These documents were last revised in 2007, 2004 and 2002, respectively. The NRC is committed to the periodic update and improvement of the guidance to ensure that it remains a state-of-the-art design evaluation tool. To this end, the NRC is updating its guidance to stay current with recent research on human performance, advances in HFE methods and tools, and new technology being employed in plant and control room design. NUREG-0711 is the first document to be addressed. We present the methodology used to update NUREG-0711 and summarize the main changes made. Finally, we discuss the current status of the update program and the future plans.
OHara J. M.; Higgins, J.; Fleger, S.
Collision-induced galaxy formation: semi-analytical model and multi-wavelength predictions
A semi-analytic model is proposed that couples the Press-Schechter formalism for the number of galaxies with a prescription for galaxy-galaxy interactions that enables to follow the evolution of galaxy morphologies along the Hubble sequence. Within this framework, we calculate the chemo-spectrophotometric evolution of galaxies to obtain spectral energy distributions. We find that such an approach is very successful in reproducing the statistical properties of galaxies as well as their time evolution. We are able to make predictions as a function of galaxy type: for clarity, we restrict ourselves to two categories of galaxies: early and late types that are identified with ellipticals and disks. In our model, irregulars are simply an early stage of galaxy formation. In particular, we obtain good matches for the galaxy counts and redshift distributions of sources from UV to submm wavelengths. We also reproduce the observed cosmic star formation history and the diffuse background radiation, and make predictions as to the epoch and wavelength at which the dust-shrouded star formation of spheroids begins to dominate over the star formation that occurs more quiescently in disks. A new prediction of our model is a rise in the FIR luminosity density with increasing redshift, peaking at about $z\\sim 3$, and with a ratio to the local luminosity density $\\rho_{L,\
Christophe Balland; Julien E. G. Devriendt; Joe Silk
Development of analytical and numerical models for the assessment and interpretation of hydrogeological field tests
Mathematical models of the flow and tracer tests in fractured aquifers are being developed for the further study of radioactive wastes migration in round water at the Lake Area, which is associated with one of the waste disposal site in Russia. The choice of testing methods, tracer types (chemical or thermal) and the appropriate models are determined by the nature of the ongoing ground-water pollution processes and the hydrogeological features of the site under consideration. Special importance is attached to the increased density of wastes as well as to the possible redistribution of solutes both in the liquid phase and in the absorbed state (largely, on fracture surfaces). This allows for studying physical-and-chemical (hydrogeochemical) interaction parameters which are hard to obtain (considering a fractured structure of the rock mass) in laboratory. Moreover, a theoretical substantiation is being given to the field methods of studying the properties of a fractured stratum aimed at the further construction of the drainage system or the subsurface flow barrier (cutoff wall), as well as the monitoring system that will evaluate the reliability of these ground-water protection measures. The proposed mathematical models are based on a tight combination of analytical and numerical methods, the former being preferred in solving the principal (2D axisymmetrical) class of the problems. The choice of appropriate problems is based on the close feedback with subsequent field tests in the Lake Area. 63 refs.
Mironenko, V.A.; Rumynin, V.G.; Konosavsky, P.K. [St. Petersburg Mining Inst. (Russian Federation); Pozdniakov, S.P.; Shestakov, V.M. [Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation); Roshal, A.A. [Geosoft-Eastlink, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Transportation Sector Module 2000 Vol 2, Model Documentation
Transportation Sector Module 2000 Vol 1, Model Documentation
An Evaluation of Two NEXRAD Wind Retrieval Methodologies and Their Use in Atmospheric Dispersion Models
Two entirely different methods for retrieving 3-D fields of horizontal winds from NEXRAD radial velocities have been evaluated using radar wind profiler measurements to determine whether routine wind retrievals would be useful for atmospheric dispersion model applications. The first method uses a physical algorithm based on four-dimensional variational data assimilation and the second simpler method uses a statistical technique based on an analytic formulation of the background error covariance. Both methods can be run in near real time, but the simpler method executed about 2.5 times faster than the four-dimensional variational method. The observed multi-day and diurnal variations in wind speed and direction were reproduced by both methods within about 1.5 km of the ground in the vicinity of Oklahoma City during July 2003. However, wind retrievals overestimated the strength of the nighttime low-level jet by as much as 65%. The wind speeds and directions obtained from both methods were usually similar when compared to profiler measurements, and neither method out-performed the other statistically. Within a dispersion model framework, the 3-D wind fields and transport patterns were often better represented when the wind retrievals were included along with operational data. Despite uncertainties in the wind speed and direction obtained from the wind retrievals that is higher than from remote sensing radar wind profilers, the inclusion of the wind retrievals are likely to produce more realistic temporal variations in the winds aloft than would be obtained by interpolation using the available radiosondes, especially during rapidly changing synoptic and mesoscale conditions.
Fast, Jerome D.; Newsom, Rob K.; Allwine, K Jerry; Xu, Qin; Zhang, Pengfei; Copeland, Jeffrey H.; Sun, Jenny
A solvable model for scattering on a junction and a modified analytic perturbation procedure
We consider a one-body spin-less electron spectral problem for a resonance scattering system constructed of a quantum well weakly connected to a noncompact exterior reservoir, where the electron is free. The simplest kind of the resonance scattering system is a quantum network, with the reservoir composed of few disjoint cylindrical quantum wires, and the Schr\\"{o}dinger equation on the network, with the real bounded potential on the wells and constant potential on the wires. We propose a Dirichlet-to-Neumann - based analysis to reveal the resonance nature of conductance across the star-shaped element of the network (a junction), derive an approximate formula for the scattering matrix of the junction, construct a fitted zero-range solvable model of the junction and interpret a phenomenological parameter arising in Datta-Das Sarma boundary condition, see {\\cite{DattaAPL}, for T-junctions. We also propose using of the fitted zero-range solvable model as the first step in a modified analytic perturbation procedure of calculation of the corresponding scattering matrix.
B. Pavlov
Analytical coupled vibroacoustic modeling of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials: plate model
By considering the membrane's dissipation, the membrane-type acoustic metamaterial (MAM) has been demonstrated as a super absorber for low-frequency sound. In the paper, a theoretical vibroacoustic plate model is developed to reveal sound energy absorption mechanism within the MAM under a plane normal incidence. Based on the plate model in conjunction with the point matching method, the in-plane strain energy of the membrane due to the resonant and antiresonant motion of the attached masses can be accurately captured by solving the coupled vibroacoustic integrodifferential equation. Therefore, the sound absorption of the MAM is obtained and discussed, which is also in good agreement with the prediction from the finite element method. In particular, microstructure effects including eccentricity of the attached masses, the depth, thickness and loss factor of the membrane on sound absorption peak values are quantitatively investigated.
Yangyang Chen; Xiaoming Zhou; Gengkai Hu; Chin-Teh Sun; Guoliang Huang
A new time-dependent analytic model for radiation-induced photocurrent in finite 1D epitaxial diodes.
Photocurrent generated by ionizing radiation represents a threat to microelectronics in radiation environments. Circuit simulation tools such as SPICE [1] can be used to analyze these threats, and typically rely on compact models for individual electrical components such as transistors and diodes. Compact models consist of a handful of differential and/or algebraic equations, and are derived by making simplifying assumptions to any of the many semiconductor transport equations. Historically, many photocurrent compact models have suffered from accuracy issues due to the use of qualitative approximation, rather than mathematically correct solutions to the ambipolar diffusion equation. A practical consequence of this inaccuracy is that a given model calibration is trustworthy over only a narrow range of operating conditions. This report describes work to produce improved compact models for photocurrent. Specifically, an analytic model is developed for epitaxial diode structures that have a highly doped subcollector. The analytic model is compared with both numerical TCAD calculations, as well as the compact model described in reference [2]. The new analytic model compares well against TCAD over a wide range of operating conditions, and is shown to be superior to the compact model from reference [2].
Verley, Jason C.; Axness, Carl L.; Hembree, Charles Edward; Keiter, Eric Richard; Kerr, Bert (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM)
Analytical Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Models with Conductance-Based Dynamics for Event-Driven Simulation Strategies
Event-driven simulation strategies were proposed recently to simulate integrate-and-fire (IF) type neuronal models. These strategies can lead to computationally efficient algorithms for simulating large-scale networks of neurons; most important, such approaches are more precise than traditional clock-driven numerical integration approaches because the timing of spikes is treated exactly. The drawback of such event-driven methods is that in order to be efficient, the membrane equations must be solvable analytically, or at least provide simple analytic approximations for the state variables describing the system. This requirement prevents, in general, the use of conductance-based synaptic interactions within the framework of event-driven simulations and, thus, the investigation of network paradigms where synaptic conductances are important. We propose here a number of extensions of the classical leaky IF neuron model involving approximations of the membrane equation with conductancebased synaptic current, which lead to simple analytic expressions for the
Michelle Rudolph; Alain Destexhe
Comparison of calculated results from two analytical models with measured data from a heat-exchanger flow test
Predicted results from both a network flow model and a turbulent flow model were compared with measured results from an air flow test on a half-scale model of the auxiliary heat exchanger for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Measurements of both velocity and pressure were made within the heat exchanger shell side flow field. These measurements were compared with calculated results from both a network flow model and a turbulent flow model. Both analytical models predicted early identical results which, except for some minor anomalies, compared favorably with the measured data.
Carosella, D.P.; Pavlics, P.N.
Analytical modeling of a hydraulically-compensated compressed-air energy-storage system
A computer program was developed to calculate the dynamic response of a hydraulically-compensated compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, including the compressor, air pipe, cavern, and hydraulic compensation pipe. The model is theoretically based on the two-fluid model in which the dynamics of each phase are presented by its set of conservation equations for mass and momentum. The conservation equations define the space and time distribution of pressure, void fraction, air saturation, and phase velocities. The phases are coupled by two interface equations. The first defines the rate of generation (or dissolution) of gaseous air in water and can include the effects of supersaturation. The second defines the frictional shear coupling (drag) between the gaseous air and water as they move relative to each other. The relative motion of the air and water is, therefore, calculated and not specified by a slip or drift-velocity correlation. The total CASE system is represented by a nodal arrangement. The conservation equations are written for each nodal volume and are solved numerically. System boundary conditions include the air flow rate, atmospheric pressure at the top of the compensation pipe, and air saturation in the reservoir. Initial conditions are selected for velocity and air saturation. Uniform and constant temperature (60/sup 0/F) is assumed. The analytical model was used to investigate the dynamic response of a proposed system.Investigative calculations considered high and low water levels, and a variety of charging and operating conditions. For all cases investigated, the cavern response to air-charging, was a damped oscillation of pressure and flow. Detailed results are presented. These calculations indicate that the Champagne Effect is unlikely to cause blowout for a properly designed CAES system.
McMonagle, C.A.; Rowe, D.S.
+44(0)1612756353. An Analytical Model for Sequential Investment Opportunities
We provide an analytical solution for American perpetual compound options, that do not rely on a bivariate or multivariate distribution function. This model is especially applicable for a real sequential investment opportunity, such as a series of drug development, tests and clinical trials, where the project can be cancelled at any time, and where the probability of failure declines over stages of completion. The effect of changing input parameter values can clearly be seen in terms of resulting overall project process volatility, and the effective mark-up factor which justifies continuing with each investment stage. In the base case, the effective markup factor increases as the stage nears completion if the project failure declines, although the absolute threshold of the project value less the remaining stage investment costs declines. This is consistent with the effect of decreases in project value volatility. Other results are not always intuitive, with different signed vegas and chi's for different investment stages and degrees of moneyness. This study appears to be a unique approach, which yields the threshold project value relative to investment costs that justifies investment at each stage, with no timing restrictions. 2 1
Roger Adkins; We Thank Alcino Azevedo; Xianzhi Cao; Michael Flanagan; Afzal Siddiqui; Sigbjřrn Sřdal
Abstract --An exact two-dimensional (2-D) analytical model (AM) of slotless permanent magnet (PM) machines in
machines, one always tries to minimize the magnet thickness, in order to minimize the cost of the motor andAbstract -- An exact two-dimensional (2-D) analytical model (AM) of slotless permanent magnet (PM at no-load operation. The authors show that, for a radial magnetization, there is an optimal magnet
Analytic model of electron self-injection in a plasma wakefield accelerator in the strongly nonlinear bubble regime
Self-injection of background electrons in plasma wakefield accelerators in the highly nonlinear bubble regime is analyzed using particle-in-cell and semi-analytic modeling. It is shown that the return current in the bubble sheath layer is crucial for accurate determination of the trapped particle trajectories.
Yi, S. A.; Khudik, V.; Siemon, C.; Shvets, G. [Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station C1500, Austin, Texas (United States)
Analytic Models for Crosstalk Delay and Pulse Analysis Under Non-Ideal Inputs
In this paper we develop a general methodology toanalyze crosstalk to obtain insight into effects that are likely tocause errors in deep submicron high speed circuits. We focus oncrosstalk due to capacitive coupling between a pair of lines. Wefirst consider ...
Weiyu Chen; Sandeep K. Gupta; Melvin A. Breuer
Evaluation of an Analytical Model for the Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
Several studies have shown that the intensity of numerically simulated tropical cyclones can exceed (by 50%) a theoretical upper limit. To investigate the cause, this study evaluates the underlying components of Emanuel's commonly cited analytic ...
George H. Bryan; Richard Rotunno
A Simple Model of Nonlinear Hadley Circulation with an ITCZ: Analytic and Numerical Solutions
Simple analytic solutions are constructed for an axially symmetric, nonlinear, slightly viscous circulation in a Boussinesq atmosphere in the presence of intense convection at an intertropical convergence zone. The latitude–height extent of the ...
Ming Fang; Ka Kit Tung
Laboratory and Analytical Model Studies of the Faroe Bank Channel Deep-Water Outflow
Results are described from a combined laboratory and analytical study of the dense, deep-water flow through the Faroe Bank Channel. Archival field data have been used to specify the velocity and density field conditions in an idealized, distorted ...
P. A. Davies; A. K. Wĺhlin; Y. Guo
Residential Sector Demand Module 2009, Model Documentation
Model Documentation - Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Residential Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and FORTRAN source code.
John H. Cymbalsky
Industrial Demand Module 1999, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
T. Crawford Honeycutt
Industrial Demand Module 2005, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
T. C. Honeycutt
Industrial Demand Module 2006, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2009, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2003, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2007, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2002, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2001, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2008, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2000, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
Industrial Demand Module 2004, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Macroeconomic Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Macroeconomic Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
Brian Murphy
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: World Electricity Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) World Electricity Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Greenhouse Gases Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Greenhouse Gases Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Natural Gas Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Natural Gas Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Main Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Main Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
Information Center
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Coal Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Coal Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: District Heat Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) District Heat Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Commercial Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Commercial Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Transportation Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) International Transportation model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
Victoria Zaretskaya
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Residential Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Residential Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Refinery Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) Refinery Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
Adrian Geagla
World Energy Projection System Plus Model Documentation: Industrial Model
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) World Industrial Model (WIM). It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.
Peter Gross
Comparison of the Bioavailability of Waste Laden Soils Using ''In Vivo'' ''In Vitro'' Analytical Methodology and Bioaccessibility of Radionuclides for Refinement of Exposure/Dose Estimates
The bioavailability of soil contaminants can be measured using in vitro or in vivo techniques. Since there was no standard method for intercomparison among laboratories, we compared two techniques for bioavailability estimation: in vitro dissolution and in vivo rat feeding model for a NIST-traceable soil material. Bioaccessibility was measured using a sequential soil extraction in synthetic analogues of human saliva, gastric and intestinal fluids. Bioavailability was measured in Sprague Dawley rats by determining metal levels in the major organs and urine, feces, and blood. Bioaccessibility was found to be a good indicator of relative metal bioavailability. Results are presented from bioaccessible experiments with Cesium in contaminated DOE soils, and total alpha and beta bioaccessibility. The results indicate that the modified methodology for bioaccessibility can be used for specific radionuclide analysis.
P. J. Lioy; M. Gallo; P. Georgopoulos; R. Tate; B. Buckley
An Analytical Model for Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks
and K. P. Subbalakshmi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology an analytical approach based on Fenton's approximation and Markov inequality and obtain a lower bound to the scarcity of the available resources/spectrum. Cognitive radio networks [1] enable usage of unused spectrum
Subbalakshmi, K.P. "Suba"
An Analytical Model of Evaporation Efficiency for Unsaturated Soil Surfaces with an Arbitrary Thickness
Analytical expressions of evaporative efficiency over bare soil (defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation) have been limited to soil layers with a fixed depth and/or to specific atmospheric conditions. To fill the gap, a new ...
Olivier Merlin; Ahmad Al Bitar; Vincent Rivalland; Pierre Béziat; Eric Ceschia; Gérard Dedieu
A methodology for specifying and analyzing consistency of object-oriented behavioral models
Object-oriented modeling favors the modeling of object behavior from different viewpoints and the successive refinement of behavioral models in the development process. This gives rise to consistency problems of behavioral models. The absence of a formal ... Keywords: CSP, UML, behavioral consistency, object-oriented modeling
Gregor Engels; Jochem M. Küster; Reiko Heckel; Luuk Groenewegen
Modeling the Capacity and Emissions Impacts of Reducedpurposes. Modeling the Capacity and Emissions Impacts ofFigure 2: Comparison of capacity projections from AEO2011
Financial constraints in capacity planning: a national utility regulatory model (NUREG). Volume I of III: methodology. Final report
This report develops and demonstrates the methodology for the National Utility Regulatory (NUREG) Model developed under contract number DEAC-01-79EI-10579. It is accompanied by two supporting volumes. Volume II is a user's guide for operation of the NUREG software. This includes description of the flow of software and data, as well as the formats of all user data files. Finally, Volume III is a software description guide. It briefly describes, and gives a listing of, each program used in NUREG.
Methodology to evaluate the performance of simulation models for alternative compiler and operating system configurations
Simulation modelers increasingly require greater flexibility for model implementation on diverse operating systems, and they demand high computational speed for efficient iterative simulations. Additionally, model users may differ in preference for proprietary ... Keywords: Crop model, G95, Gfortran, Linux, Open source, Windows
K. R. Thorp; J. W. White; C. H. Porter; G. Hoogenboom; G. S. Nearing; A. N. French
An analytic network process model for municipal solid waste disposal options
The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method that can aid decision makers in a local civic body to prioritize and select appropriate municipal solid waste disposal methods. We introduce a hierarchical network (hiernet) decision structure and apply the analytic network process (ANP) super-matrix approach to measure the relative desirability of disposal alternatives using value judgments as the input of the various stakeholders. ANP is a flexible analytical program that enables decision makers to find the best possible solution to complex problems by breaking down a problem into a systematic network of inter-relationships among the various levels and attributes. This method therefore may not only aid in selecting the best alternative but also helps decision makers to understand why an alternative is preferred over the other options.
Khan, Sheeba [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Youngstown State University, OH 44555, United States of America (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com; Faisal, Mohd Nishat [Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016 (India)], E-mail: email@example.com
Evaluating electronic banking systems in developing nations through Analytic Hierarchy Process model: a case study
Since the beginning of the late 1970s an impressive number of innovative electronic banking systems have been developed and tested commercially. One of the most important issues with respect to these innovations is the choosing best electronic banking ... Keywords: AHP, ATM banking, Iran, analytical hierarchy process, bank remark factors, developing countries, e-banking, electronic banking, internet banking, m-banking SMS banking, mobile banking, online banking, phone banking, security factors, socioeconomic factors, technological factors, telephone banking
Ehsan Rasolinezhad
Residential Sector Demand Module 2000, Model Documentation
Documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Residential Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and FORTRAN source code.
Residential Sector Demand Module 2004, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2001, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2002, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2005, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2003, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2008, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2006, Model Documentation
Residential Sector Demand Module 2007, Model Documentation
Development of a methodology to reduce the order of a detailed lumped parameter transformer model
The transformer designer employs detailed electrical models to develop a reliable and cost effective transformer insulation structure. The power engineer must model not only the transformer, but the system, therefore the power engineer requires a smaller model of the transformer that accurately represents its behavior in order to investigate the effects of power system transients. Reduced models are generally obtained either from detailed design models or from measurements on fully constructed transformers. Reduced models constructed from design data generally act as low pass filters and are severely limited in accuracy at high frequencies. The latter technique has the major disadvantage that the model cannot be constructed until after the transformer has been built. Presently, both methods are subject to considerable error. The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a technique that reduces the order of a lumped parameter transformer model used in insulation design and that provides a reduced model of any specified size for transient studies of systems which contain the transformer. The reduction technique developed can be applied to any lumped parameter network which uses electric parameter analogs (i.e., FEM networks). The method of this thesis uses Kron`s reduction approach in time domain to obtain a reduced model. This reduced model is compatible with industry methods for transient studies (EMTP) and retains the accuracy and stability of the detailed model. Additionally, this reduced model can be used to predict the interaction between the transformer and the power system, via EMTP, giving a valuable tool to both power and design engineers. Application of the technique for the detailed model of a 765/345/34.5 kV, YYD, core form, 500 MVA single phase autotransformer is verified by frequency and time domain tests for the linear model. The nonlinear transformer model reduction technique is outlined and a proof of concept is provided by two examples.
Gutierrez, M.R.
Methodology for the use of DSSAT models for precision agriculture decision support
A prototype decision support system (DSS) called Apollo was developed to assist researchers in using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop growth models to analyze precision farming datasets. Because the DSSAT models are ... Keywords: Crop models, DSSAT, Decision support system, Precision farming, Prescriptions
Kelly R. Thorp; Kendall C. DeJonge; Amy L. Kaleita; William D. Batchelor; Joel O. Paz
Damped Ly-alpha Systems in Semi-Analytic Models: Sensitivity to dynamics, disk properties, and cosmology
Previously we have shown that it is possible to account for the kinematic properties of damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAS) in the context of semi-analytic models. In these models, hierarchical structure formation is approximated by constructing a merger tree for each dark matter halo. A natural consequence is that every virialized halo may contain not only a central galaxy, but also a number of satellite galaxies as determined by its merging history. Thus the kinematics of the DLAS arise from the combined effects of the internal rotation of gas disks and the motions between gas disks within a common halo. Here we investigate the sensitivity of this model to some of the assumptions made previously, including the modeling of satellite dynamics, the scale height of the gas, and the cosmology.
Ariyeh H. Maller; Rachel S. Somerville; Jason X. Prochaska; Joel R. Primack
A B-spline Geometric Modelling Methodology for Free surface simulation.
??Modeling the free surface flows is important in order to estimate the total drag of the sea Vessels. It is also necessary to study the… (more)
Nandihalli, Sunil S
Formal Calibration Methodology for CFD Model Development to Support the Operation of Energy Efficient Buildings
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a robust tool for modeling interactions within and between fluids and solids. CFD can help understand and predict phenomena that are difficult to test experimentally leading to cleaner, healthier, and better controlled internal environments. In this research a CFD model of the internal environment of an office space will be developed. The CFD model will then be calibrated using real data taken from a well-positioned wireless sensor network and weather station. The work focuses on developing systematically calibrated CFD models for controlled environments that include clean rooms, health environments, pharmaceutical storage rooms and information and communication technology locations, utilizing wireless sensor networks. The calibrated CFD model will be used to optimize the positions of the physical sensors for the control of energy efficient internal environments by building operators. This could result in significant energy and economic savings and lead to more accurately controlled internal environments.
Hajdukiewicz, M.; Keane, M.; O'Flynn, B.; O'Grady, W.
LMODEL: A Satellite Precipitation Methodology Using Cloud Development Modeling. Part II: Validation
A new satellite-based rainfall monitoring algorithm that integrates the strengths of both low Earth-orbiting (LEO) and geostationary Earth-orbiting (GEO) satellite information has been developed. The Lagrangian Model (LMODEL) algorithm combines a ...
Kuo-lin Hsu; Tim Bellerby; S. Sorooshian
GREET 1.0 -- Transportation fuel cycles model: Methodology and use
This report documents the development and use of the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. The model, developed in a spreadsheet format, estimates the full fuel-cycle emissions and energy use associated with various transportation fuels for light-duty vehicles. The model calculates fuel-cycle emissions of five criteria pollutants (volatile organic compounds, Co, NOx, SOx, and particulate matter measuring 10 microns or less) and three greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide). The model also calculates the total fuel-cycle energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, and petroleum consumption using various transportation fuels. The GREET model includes 17 fuel cycles: petroleum to conventional gasoline, reformulated gasoline, clean diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity via residual oil; natural gas to compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, hydrogen, and electricity; coal to electricity; uranium to electricity; renewable energy (hydropower, solar energy, and wind) to electricity; corn, woody biomass, and herbaceous biomass to ethanol; and landfill gases to methanol. This report presents fuel-cycle energy use and emissions for a 2000 model-year car powered by each of the fuels that are produced from the primary energy sources considered in the study.
Wang, M.Q.
Nuclear Analytical Chemistry Portal
NIST Home > Nuclear Analytical Chemistry Portal. Nuclear Analytical Chemistry Portal. ... see all Nuclear Analytical Chemistry news ... ...
GREET 1.5 - transportation fuel-cycle model - Vol. 1 : methodology, development, use, and results.
This report documents the development and use of the most recent version (Version 1.5) of the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. The model, developed in a spreadsheet format, estimates the full fuel-cycle emissions and energy associated with various transportation fuels and advanced vehicle technologies for light-duty vehicles. The model calculates fuel-cycle emissions of five criteria pollutants (volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter with diameters of 10 micrometers or less, and sulfur oxides) and three greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide). The model also calculates total energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, and petroleum consumption when various transportation fuels are used. The GREET model includes the following cycles: petroleum to conventional gasoline, reformulated gasoline, conventional diesel, reformulated diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity via residual oil; natural gas to compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, dimethyl ether, hydrogen, and electricity; coal to electricity; uranium to electricity; renewable energy (hydropower, solar energy, and wind) to electricity; corn, woody biomass, and herbaceous biomass to ethanol; soybeans to biodiesel; flared gas to methanol, dimethyl ether, and Fischer-Tropsch diesel; and landfill gases to methanol. This report also presents the results of the analysis of fuel-cycle energy use and emissions associated with alternative transportation fuels and advanced vehicle technologies to be applied to passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
Wang, M. Q.
Resource assessment methodologies and applications
Resource assessment refers to the estimation and evaluation of mineral materials in the ground, both discovered and undiscovered. In such as an assessment, attention is centered on materials in such form, concentration, and location that they might be extractable under foreseeable economic and technological conditions. In practical terms, there is no such thing as an all-purpose resource assessment. Diverse groups of people interested in such assessments, be they mineral exploration planners, economic analysts, land use planners, or policymakers, will look for aspects that are most pertinent to their own field and time frame of interest. For example, exploration analysts would be most interested in the geological potential for discovering certain types of deposits in a region; mining engineers in the physical and chemical characteristics of deposits already discovered; and economists in the possible mineral-supply stream that might be generated in the future. No single assessment can throw light on all aspects of conceivable interest, and every type of assessment will have its conceptual and analytical limitations. Six major resource assessment methodologies are presented: areal value, crustal abundance, volumetric, deposit modeling, Delphi, and intergrated synthesis. Each methodology has certain strengths and weaknesses and type of resource estimate, factos which must be considered before application of any one technique. Each of these methods is discussed.
Dorian, J.P.; Zwartendyk, J.
Comparison of Two Gas Selection Methodologies: An Application of Bayesian Model Averaging
One goal of hyperspectral imagery analysis is the detection and characterization of plumes. Characterization includes identifying the gases in the plumes, which is a model selection problem. Two gas selection methods compared in this report are Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) stepwise regression (SR). Simulated spectral data from a three-layer radiance transfer model were used to compare the two methods. Test gases were chosen to span the types of spectra observed, which exhibit peaks ranging from broad to sharp. The size and complexity of the search libraries were varied. Background materials were chosen to either replicate a remote area of eastern Washington or feature many common background materials. For many cases, BMA and SR performed the detection task comparably in terms of the receiver operating characteristic curves. For some gases, BMA performed better than SR when the size and complexity of the search library increased. This is encouraging because we expect improved BMA performance upon incorporation of prior information on background materials and gases.
Renholds, Andrea S.; Thompson, Sandra E.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Chilton, Lawrence K.
Comparative analysis of remaining oil saturation in waterflood patterns based on analytical modeling and simulation
In assessing the economic viability of a waterflood project, a key parameter is the remaining oil saturation (ROS) within each pattern unit. This information helps in identifying the areas with the highest ROS and thus potential for further development. While special core analysis, log-inject-log, and thermal-decay time-log-evaluation techniques are available, they provide only single-point values and a snapshot in time near a wellbore. Also, they can quickly add up to an expensive program. The analytical areal distribution method estimates ROS in a waterflood pattern unit from material balance calculations using well injection and production data with no pressure information required. Well production and injection volumes are routinely measured in oilfield operations, making the method very attractive. The areal distribution technique estimates two major uncertainties: vertical loss of injected water into nontarget areas or areal loss into surrounding patterns, and injected water for gas fill-up. However, developers tested it only in low-pressure conditions, which are increasingly rare in oilfield operations. The main purpose of my research, then, was to verify whether or not the areal distribution method is valid in higher pressure conditions. Simulation of various waterflood patterns confirmed that the areal distribution method with its estimated ROS is capable of precise estimation of actual ROS, but at high pressures it requires consideration of pressure data in addition to injection and production data.
Azimov, Anar Etibar
A hybrid analytical-heuristic method for calibrating land-use change models
Spatially explicit land-use models simulate the patterns of change on the landscape in response to coupled human-ecological dynamics. As these models become more complex involving larger than ever data sets, the need to improve calibration techniques ... Keywords: Amazon deforestation, Dinamica EGO, Genetic algorithm, Map comparison method, Spatial transition probability
Britaldo Soares-Filho; Hermann Rodrigues; Marco Follador
INTERLINE 5. 0 -- An expanded railroad routing model: Program description, methodology, and revised user's manual
A rail routine model, INTERLINE, has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to investigate potential routes for transporting radioactive materials. In Version 5.0, the INTERLINE routing algorithms have been enhanced to include the ability to predict alternative routes, barge routes, and population statistics for any route. The INTERLINE railroad network is essentially a computerized rail atlas describing the US railroad system. All rail lines, with the exception of industrial spurs, are included in the network. Inland waterways and deep water routes along with their interchange points with the US railroadsystem are also included. The network contains over 15,000 rail and barge segments (links) and over 13,000 stations, interchange points, ports, and other locations (nodes). The INTERLINE model has been converted to operate on an IBM-compatible personal computer. At least a 286 computer with a hard disk containing approximately 6 MB of free space is recommended. Enhanced program performance will be obtained by using arandom-access memory drive on a 386 or 486 computer.
Johnson, P.E.; Joy, D.S. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)); Clarke, D.B.; Jacobi, J.M. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States). Transportation Center)
Modeling threat assessments of water supply systems using markov latent effects methodology.
Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act emphasize efforts toward safeguarding our nation's water supplies against attack and contamination. Specifically, the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 established requirements for each community water system serving more than 3300 people to conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts. Integral to evaluating system vulnerability is the threat assessment, which is the process by which the credibility of a threat is quantified. Unfortunately, full probabilistic assessment is generally not feasible, as there is insufficient experience and/or data to quantify the associated probabilities. For this reason, an alternative approach is proposed based on Markov Latent Effects (MLE) modeling, which provides a framework for quantifying imprecise subjective metrics through possibilistic or fuzzy mathematics. Here, an MLE model for water systems is developed and demonstrated to determine threat assessments for different scenarios identified by the assailant, asset, and means. Scenario assailants include terrorists, insiders, and vandals. Assets include a water treatment plant, water storage tank, node, pipeline, well, and a pump station. Means used in attacks include contamination (onsite chemicals, biological and chemical), explosives and vandalism. Results demonstrated highest threats are vandalism events and least likely events are those performed by a terrorist.
Silva, Consuelo Juanita
Methodology for modeling the migration of EOR chemicals in fresh water aquifers
The objective of this study is to develop a method for modeling the transport of EOR chemicals accidentally released to fresh water aquifers. Six examples involving hypothetical releases of EOR chemicals at surrogate aquifer sites are used to illustrate the application of this method. Typical injection rates and concentrations of EOR chemicals used at current or proposed projects were obtained from the literature and used as the basis for the hypothetical accidents. Four surrogate aquifer sites were selected from States where chemical flooding methods are employed. Each site is based on real hydrological data but presented in such a way to avoid identification with existing EOR fields. A significant amount of data is required to model ground water systems. The hypothetical examples help to indicate the type of data needed. The computer results illustrate that high levels of contamination are possible for many years. In addition, due to these high levels of contamination, it is possible for contaminants to migrate offsite of the EOR field. There are a variety of pathways through which EOR chemicals could be accidentally released to fresh water aquifers during normal EOR operations. There is insufficient EOR experience to date, however, to forecast risks accurately. 119 references, 10 figures, 9 tables.
Royce, B.; Garrell, M.; Kahn, A.; Kaplan, E.
2.853 Manufacturing Systems I: Analytical Methods and Flow Models, Fall 2002
Provides ways to conceptualize and analyze manufacturing systems and supply chains in terms of material flow, information flow, capacities, and flow times. Fundamental building blocks: Inventory and Queuing Models, Forecasting ...
Gershwin, S. B.
Wellbore flow model for carbon dioxide and brine, EnergyReservoir Flow of Carbon Dioxide and Water. LBNL-4291E. [14]non-isothermal flow of carbon dioxide in wellbores. In: SPE
Pan, L.
A Semi-Analytic Model for the Co-evolution of Galaxies, Black Holes, and Active Galactic Nuclei
We present a new semi-analytic model that self-consistently traces the growth of supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies within the context of the LCDM cosmological framework. In our model, the energy emitted by accreting black holes regulates the growth of the black holes themselves, drives galactic scale winds that can remove cold gas from galaxies, and produces powerful jets that heat the hot gas atmospheres surrounding groups and clusters. We present a comprehensive comparison of our model predictions with observational measurements of key physical properties of low-redshift galaxies, such as cold gas fractions, stellar metallicities and ages, and specific star formation rates. We find that our new models successfully reproduce the exponential cutoff in the stellar mass function and the stellar and cold gas mass densities at z~0, and predict that star formation should be largely, but not entirely, quenched in massive galaxies at the present day. We also find that our model of self-regulated ...
Somerville, Rachel S; Cox, Thomas J; Robertson, Brant E; Hernquist, Lars
We present a new semi-analytic model that self-consistently traces the growth of supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies within the context of the LCDM cosmological framework. In our model, the energy emitted by accreting black holes regulates the growth of the black holes themselves, drives galactic scale winds that can remove cold gas from galaxies, and produces powerful jets that heat the hot gas atmospheres surrounding groups and clusters. We present a comprehensive comparison of our model predictions with observational measurements of key physical properties of low-redshift galaxies, such as cold gas fractions, stellar metallicities and ages, and specific star formation rates. We find that our new models successfully reproduce the exponential cutoff in the stellar mass function and the stellar and cold gas mass densities at z~0, and predict that star formation should be largely, but not entirely, quenched in massive galaxies at the present day. We also find that our model of self-regulated BH growth naturally reproduces the observed relation between BH mass and bulge mass. We explore the global formation history of galaxies in our models, presenting predictions for the cosmic histories of star formation, stellar mass assembly, cold gas, and metals. We find that models assuming the "concordance" LCDM cosmology overproduce star formation and stellar mass at high redshift (z>2). A model with less small-scale power predicts less star formation at high redshift, and excellent agreement with the observed stellar mass assembly history, but may have difficulty accounting for the cold gas in quasar absorption systems at high redshift (z~3-4).
Rachel S. Somerville; Philip F. Hopkins; Thomas J. Cox; Brant E. Robertson; Lars Hernquist
The Analytical Division is comprised of members with a variety of interests, including: chromatography (liquid, gas-liquid, high-performance liquid column, thin-layer, and supercritical-fluid), electrophoresis, spectroscopy (UV, IR, NMR, light-scattering)
Ground movements due to excavation in clay: physical and analytical models
-22 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Achievements 7-2 7.2.1 Development of a novel technique for deep excavation in centrifuge 7-2 7.2.2 Observations from small scale centrifuge model tests...
Lam, Sze Yue
Developing a Cost Model and Methodology to Estimate Capital Costs for Thermal Energy Storage
This report provides an update on the previous cost model for thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The update allows NREL to estimate the costs of such systems that are compatible with the higher operating temperatures associated with advanced power cycles. The goal of the Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technology Program is to develop solar technologies that can make a significant contribution to the United States domestic energy supply. The recent DOE SunShot Initiative sets a very aggressive cost goal to reach a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 6 cents/kWh by 2020 with no incentives or credits for all solar-to-electricity technologies.1 As this goal is reached, the share of utility power generation that is provided by renewable energy sources is expected to increase dramatically. Because Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is currently the only renewable technology that is capable of integrating cost-effective energy storage, it is positioned to play a key role in providing renewable, dispatchable power to utilities as the share of power generation from renewable sources increases. Because of this role, future CSP plants will likely have as much as 15 hours of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) included in their design and operation. As such, the cost and performance of the TES system is critical to meeting the SunShot goal for solar technologies. The cost of electricity from a CSP plant depends strongly on its overall efficiency, which is a product of two components - the collection and conversion efficiencies. The collection efficiency determines the portion of incident solar energy that is captured as high-temperature thermal energy. The conversion efficiency determines the portion of thermal energy that is converted to electricity. The operating temperature at which the overall efficiency reaches its maximum depends on many factors, including material properties of the CSP plant components. Increasing the operating temperature of the power generation system leads to higher thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency. However, in a CSP system, higher operating temperature also leads to greater thermal losses. These two effects combine to give an optimal system-level operating temperature that may be less than the upper operating temperature limit of system components. The overall efficiency may be improved by developing materials, power cycles, and system-integration strategies that enable operation at elevated temperature while limiting thermal losses. This is particularly true for the TES system and its components. Meeting the SunShot cost target will require cost and performance improvements in all systems and components within a CSP plant. Solar collector field hardware will need to decrease significantly in cost with no loss in performance and possibly with performance improvements. As higher temperatures are considered for the power block, new working fluids, heat-transfer fluids (HTFs), and storage fluids will all need to be identified to meet these new operating conditions. Figure 1 shows thermodynamic conversion efficiency as a function of temperature for the ideal Carnot cycle and 75% Carnot, which is considered to be the practical efficiency attainable by current power cycles. Current conversion efficiencies for the parabolic trough steam cycle, power tower steam cycle, parabolic dish/Stirling, Ericsson, and air-Brayton/steam Rankine combined cycles are shown at their corresponding operating temperatures. Efficiencies for supercritical steam and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) are also shown for their operating temperature ranges.
Glatzmaier, G.
A Quasi-Dynamic HVAC and Building Simulation Methodology
This thesis introduces a quasi-dynamic building simulation methodology which complements existing building simulators by allowing transient models of HVAC (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) systems to be created in an analogous way to their design and simulated in a computationally efficient manner. The methodology represents a system as interconnected, object-oriented sub-models known as components. Fluids and their local properties are modeled using discrete, incompressible objects known as packets. System wide pressure and flow rates are modeled similar to electrical circuit models. Transferring packets between components emulates fluid flow, while the system wide fluid circuit formed by the components' interconnections determines system wide pressures and flow rates. A tool named PAQS, after the PAacketized Quasi-dynamic Simulation methodology, was built to demonstrate the described methodology. Validation tests of PAQS found that its steady state energy use predictions differed less than 3% from a comparable steady state model. PAQS was also able to correctly model the transient behavior of a dynamic linear analytical system.
Davis, Clinton Paul
SASSI Analytical Methods Compared with SHAKE Free-Field Results
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Analytical Methods Compared with SHAKE Results Structural Mechanics - SRS October 4, 2011 1 Objective This study presents a methodology for validating SASSI for use with a...
Laser cooling in the Penning trap: an analytical model for cooling rates in the presence of an axializing field
Ions stored in Penning traps may have useful applications in the field of quantum information processing. There are, however, difficulties associated with the laser cooling of one of the radial motions of ions in these traps, namely the magnetron motion. The application of a small radio-frequency quadrupolar electric potential resonant with the sum of the two radial motional frequencies has been shown to couple these motions and to lead to more efficient laser cooling. We present an analytical model that enables us to determine laser cooling rates in the presence of such an 'axializing' field. It is found that this field leads to an averaging of the laser cooling rates for the two motions and hence improves the overall laser cooling efficiency. The model also predicts shifts in the motional frequencies due to the axializing field that are in qualitative agreement with those measured in recent experiments. It is possible to determine laser cooling rates experimentally by studying the phase response of the cooled ions to a near resonant excitation field. Using the model developed in this paper, we study the expected phase response when an axializing field is present.
R. J. Hendricks; E. S. Phillips; D. M. Segal; R. C. Thompson
Analytical modeling of pulse-pileup distortion using the true pulse shape; applications to Fermi-GBM
Pulse-pileup affects most photon counting systems and occurs when photon detections occur faster than the detector's registration and recovery time. At high input rates, shaped pulses interfere and the source spectrum, as well as intensity information, get distorted. For instruments using bipolar pulse shaping there are two aspects to consider: `peak' and `tail' pileup effects, which raise and lower the measured energy, respectively. Peak effects have been extensively modeled in the past. Tail effects have garnered less attention due to the increased complexity: bipolar tails mean the tail pulse-height measurement depends on events in more than one time interval. We leverage previous work to derive an accurate, semi-analytical prediction for peak and tail pileup, up to high orders. We use the true pulse shape from the detectors of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The measured spectrum is calculated by writing exposure time as a state-space expansion of overlapping pileup states and is valid up to very high rates. This expansion models losses due to fixed and extendable deadtime by averaging overlap configurations. Additionally, the model correctly predicts energy-dependent losses due to tail subtraction (sub-threshold) effects. We discuss pileup losses in terms of the true rate of photon detections versus the recorded count rate.
Vandiver Chaplin; Narayana Bhat; Michael Briggs; Valerie Connaughton
Methodology for Validating Building Energy Analysis Simulations
The objective of this report was to develop a validation methodology for building energy analysis simulations, collect high-quality, unambiguous empirical data for validation, and apply the validation methodology to the DOE-2.1, BLAST-2MRT, BLAST-3.0, DEROB-3, DEROB-4, and SUNCAT 2.4 computer programs. This report covers background information, literature survey, validation methodology, comparative studies, analytical verification, empirical validation, comparative evaluation of codes, and conclusions.
Judkoff, R.; Wortman, D.; O'Doherty, B.; Burch, J.
Analytical Microscopy
In the Analytical Microscopy group, within the National Center for Photovoltaic's Measurements and Characterization Division, we combine two complementary areas of analytical microscopy--electron microscopy and proximal-probe techniques--and use a variety of state-of-the-art imaging and analytical tools. We also design and build custom instrumentation and develop novel techniques that provide unique capabilities for studying materials and devices. In our work, we collaborate with you to solve materials- and device-related R&D problems. This sheet summarizes the uses and features of four major tools: transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, the dual-beam focused-ion-beam workstation, and scanning probe microscopy.
Experimental and analytical study to model temperature profiles and stoichiometry in oxygen-enriched in-situ combustion
A new combustion zone analytical model has been developed in which the combustion front temperature may be calculated. The model describes in the combustion zone, the amount of fuel burned based on reaction kinetics, the fuel concentration and produced gas composition based on combustion stoichiometry, and the amount of heat generated based on a heat balance. Six runs were performed in a 3-inch diameter, 40-inch long steel combustion tube with Jobo crude oil (9-11°API) from the Orinoco Belt in Venezuela. These runs were carried out with air containing three values of oxygen concentration, 21%, 30%, and 40%. The weight percentage of sand, clay, water, and oil in the sand mix was kept constant in all runs at 86.6%, 4.7%, 4.0%, and 4.7% respectively. Injection air rates (3 L/min) as well as the production pressure (300 psig) were kept constant in all runs. The results indicate that the calculated combustion zone temperatures and temperature profiles are in good agreement with the experimental data, for the range of oxygen concentration in the injected air. The use of oxygen-enriched air slightly increased the combustion front temperature from 440°C in a 21 mole % O2 concentration to a maximum of 475°C for air with 40 mole % O2 concentration. Oxygen-enriched air injection also increased the combustion front velocity from 13.4 cm/hr (for 21% oxygen) to 24.7 cm/hr (for 40% oxygen), thus reducing the start of oil production from 3.3 hours (for 21% oxygen) to 1.8 hours (for 40% oxygen). In the field, the use of oxygen-enriched air injection could translate into earlier oil production compared to with not-enriched air injection. The new analytical model for the combustion zone developed in this study will be beneficial to future researchers in understanding the effect of oxygen-enriched in-situ combustion and its implications on the combustion front temperature and combustion front thickness.
Rodriguez, Jose Ramon
Experimental and analytical modeling studies of steam injection with hydrocarbon additives to enhance recovery of San Ardo heavy oil.
??Experimental and analytical studies have been carried out to better understand production mechanisms of heavy oil under steam injection with propane and petroleum distillate as… (more)
Simangunsong, Roly
Analytical Dashboards
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Analytical Dashboards facilitates easy access to essential high-level corporate-wide safety performance information through key metrics, charts, graphs, and text bullets to provide both managers and operations personnel with a current perspective on safety performance within the Department.
methodology | OpenEI
methodology methodology Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): The main object of the SUNY task for SWERA is to prepare high resolution global irradiance (GHI) and direct irradiance (DNI) data sets for the countries of Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.Much of our initial effort focused on building up the satellite data tx_metadatatool, and in strengthening and validating the models capable of converting that data into ground surface irradiances. Three research articles, acknowledging all or partial funding from UNEP & SWERA have been published on this subject. Source SUNY Albany Date Released July 31st, 2003 (11 years ago) Date Updated August 29th, 2003 (11 years ago) Keywords Cuba methodology solar SWERA UNEP Data application/pdf icon Download Report (pdf, 2.6 MiB)
Analytical Dashboards Analytical Dashboards Public Final Occurrence Reports: Searchable information on DOE's Final Occurrence Reports since 2009, available to the public and updated daily. Computerized Accident Incident Reporting System (CAIRS) - Injury and Illness Dashboard: The Injury and Illness Dashboard is a tool that allows users to easily explore DOE occupational safety and health injury and illness information. Its features include: Graphical and tabular depictions of injury and illness information Calendar year and fiscal year incidence rates for DOE and DOE contractor total recordable cases (TRC) of injuries and illnesses and cases involving days away from work or on job transfer or restriction (DART) due to injury or illness Incidence rates of injuries and illnesses by DOE program
Methodology for Analyzing the Technical Potential for Energy Performance in the U.S. Commercial Buildings Sector with Detailed Energy Modeling: Preprint
This paper summarizes a methodology for developing quantitative answers to the question, ''How low can energy use go within the commercial buildings sector''? The basic process is to take each building in the 1999 CBECS public use data files and create a baseline building energy model for it as if it were being built new in 2005 with code-minimum energy performance.
Griffith, B.; Crawley, D.
Development of an automated methodology for calibration of simplified air-side HVAC system models and estimation of potential savings from retrofit/commissioning measures
This dissertation provides one methodology to determine potential energy savings of buildings with limited information. This methodology is based upon the simplified energy analysis procedure of HVAC systems and the control of the comfort conditions. Numerically, the algorithm is a tailored exhaustive search over all the independent variables that are commonly controlled for a specific type of HVAC system. The potential energy savings methodology has been applied in several buildings that have been retrofitted and/or commissioned previously. Results from the determined savings for the Zachry building at Texas A&M after being commissioned show a close agreement to the calculated potential energy savings (about 85%). Differences are mainly attributed to the use of simplified models. Due to the restriction of limited information about the building characteristics and operational control, the potential energy savings method requires the determination of parameters that characterize its thermal performance. Thus, a calibrated building is needed. A general procedure has been developed to carry out automated calibration of building energy use simulations. The methodology has been tested successfully on building simulations based on the simplified energy analysis procedure. The automated calibration is the minimization of the RMSE of the energy use over daily conditions. The minimization procedure is fulfilled with a non-canonical optimization algorithm, the Simulated Annealing, which mimics the Statistical Thermodynamic performance of the annealing process. That is to say, starting at a specified temperature the algorithm searches variable-space states that are steadier, while heuristically, by the Boltzmann distribution, the local minima is avoided. The process is repeated at a new lower temperature that is determined by a specific schedule until the global minimum is found. This methodology was applied to the most common air-handler units producing excellent results for ideal cases or for samples modified with a 1% white noise.
Baltazar Cervantes, Juan Carlos
Scientific analysis is essential to assess biofuel policy effects: in response to the paper by Kim and Dale on "Indirect land use change for biofuels: Testing predictions and improving analytical methodologies"
Vigorous debate on the effects of biofuels derives largely from the changes in land use estimated using economic models designed mainly for the analysis of agricultural trade and markets. The models referenced for land-use change (LUC) analysis in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Final Rule on the Renewable Fuel Standard include GTAP, FAPRI-CARD, and FASOM. To address bioenergy impacts, these models were expanded and modified to facilitate simulations of hypothesized LUC. However, even when models use similar basic assumptions and data, the range of LUC results can vary by ten-fold or more. While the market dynamics simulated in these models include processes that are important in estimating effects of biofuel policies, the models have not been validated for estimating land-use changes and employ crucial assumptions and simplifications that contradict empirical evidence.
Kline, Keith L [ORNL; Oladosu, Gbadebo A [ORNL; Dale, Virginia H [ORNL; McBride, Allen [ORNL
Transportation Sector Module 1999, Model Documentation
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation Model (TRAN). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated by the model.
Transportation Sector Module 1994, Model Documentation
Analytic Loss Distributional Approach Model for Operational Risk from the alpha-Stable Doubly Stochastic Compound Processes and Implications for Capital Allocation
Under the Basel II standards, the Operational Risk (OpRisk) advanced measurement approach is not prescriptive regarding the class of statistical model utilised to undertake capital estimation. It has however become well accepted to utlise a Loss Distributional Approach (LDA) paradigm to model the individual OpRisk loss process corresponding to the Basel II Business line/event type. In this paper we derive a novel class of doubly stochastic alpha-stable family LDA models. These models provide the ability to capture the heavy tailed loss process typical of OpRisk whilst also providing analytic expressions for the compound process annual loss density and distributions as well as the aggregated compound process annual loss models. In particular we develop models of the annual loss process in two scenarios. The first scenario considers the loss process with a stochastic intensity parameter, resulting in an inhomogeneous compound Poisson processes annually. The resulting arrival process of losses under such a model...
Peters, Gareth W; Young, Mark; Yip, Wendy
NFI Forecasts Methodology NFI Forecasts Methodology
NFI Forecasts Methodology NFI Forecasts Methodology Overview Issued by: National Forest email@example.com Website: www.forestry.gov.uk/inventory 1 NFI Softwood Forecasts Methodology Overview #12;NFI Forecasts ........................................................................................................4 Rationale behind the new approach to the GB Private sector production forecast ........4 Volume
Development of an Evaluation and Acceptance Methodology for Commercial Two- and Three-Dimensional Plant Modeling Software
This report identifies a methodology for owner-operators to use to evaluate and then accept commercial two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) software tools and databases to support maintaining nuclear plant design basis information. These tools are currently used only to produce hard copy documents, which are then manually reviewed corner-to-corner each time the document is printed. After the manual review, the signed hard copy documents are used as a source of configuration-controlled ...
Nuclear Analytical Methods
... Nuclear Analytical Methods. Research activities in the Nuclear Analytical Methods Group are focused on the science that ...
Methodology and results of the impacts of modeling electric utilities ; a comparative evaluation of MEMM and REM
This study compares two models of the U.S. electric utility industry including the EIA's electric utility submodel in the Midterm Energy Market Model (MEMM), and the Baughman-Joskow Regionalized Electricity Model (REM). ...
Baughman, Martin L.
AOCS Analytical Guidelines Am 1a-09
Near Infrared Spectroscopy Instrument Management and Prediction Model Development. Am 1a-09. AOCS Analytical Guidelines Am 1a-09 Methods Methods and Analyses Analytical Chemistry Methods Downloads Methods Downloads AOCS ...
Numerical model to characterize the thermal comfort in new ecodistricts: methodology and validation through the canyon street case
In built-up areas, the urban structures affect the radiative and thermal environment. The numerical simulation models provide informations about urban thermal performance for many ranges of urban configurations. This paper presents a validation of a ... Keywords: CFD model, building heat transfers, coupling model, street canyon, thermo-radiative model
Khaled Athamena; Jean Francois Sini; Julien Guilhot; Jerome Vinet; Maeva Sabre; Jean-Michel Rosant
Numerical model to characterize the thermal comfort in new eco-districts: methodology and validation through the canyon street case
Requirements for Predictive Analytics
It is important to have a clear understanding of how traditional Business Intelligence (BI) and analytics are different and how they fit together in optimizing organizational decision making. With tradition BI, activities are focused primarily on providing context to enhance a known set of information through aggregation, data cleansing and delivery mechanisms. As these organizations mature their BI ecosystems, they achieve a clearer picture of the key performance indicators signaling the relative health of their operations. Organizations that embark on activities surrounding predictive analytics and data mining go beyond simply presenting the data in a manner that will allow decisions makers to have a complete context around the information. These organizations generate models based on known information and then apply other organizational data against these models to reveal unknown information.
Troy Hiltbrand
Offshore software maintenance methodology
Keywords: maintenance methodology, offshore maintenance, remote maintenance, software economics, software maintenance
M. Pavan Kumar; V. Sita Rama Das; N. Netaji
Enterprise analytics.
Ranking search results is a thorny issue for enterprise search. Search engines rank results using a variety of sophisticated algorithms, but users still complain that search can't ever seem to find anything useful or relevant! The challenge is to provide results that are ranked according to the users definition of relevancy. Sandia National Laboratories has enhanced its commercial search engine to discover user preferences, re-ranking results accordingly. Immediate positive impact was achieved by modeling historical data consisting of user queries and subsequent result clicks. New data is incorporated into the model daily. An important benefit is that results improve naturally and automatically over time as a function of user actions. This session presents the method employed, how it was integrated with the search engine,metrics illustrating the subsequent improvement to the users search experience, and plans for implementation with Sandia's FAST for SharePoint 2010 search engine.
Spomer, Judith E.
Transportation Sector Module 1998 - Volume I, Model Documentation
Analytical Methods Analytical Methods Compared with SHAKE Results Structural Mechanics - SRS October 4, 2011 1 Objective This study presents a methodology for validating SASSI for use with a particular site profile, foundation size, and embedment depth. Two case studies are presented: 1) a deep soil site at the Savannah River Site (SRS) 2) a shallow stiff soil site at the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant (WTP). Embedded box in SASSI is evaluated with Direct Method and (Modified) Subtraction method. 2 * Ground motion at the surface is deconvolved in SHAKE to the bottom of the soil column and then brought back to the surface in a SASSI embedded box model. * SASSI response spectra at the ground and foundation levels are
Burnup Credit Methodology
This report describes a practical methodology for actinide-only and fission product burnup credit in concert with a methodology to validate the isotopic and reactivity calculations. The methodology supports initial enrichments up to 5.0 wt 235U and burnup beyond 50 gigawatt-days per metric ton of uranium (GWd/MTU). The validation methodologies are all based upon standard methodologies, including extensions beyond traditional radiochemistry assays (RCAs) for isotopic concentrations and critical experiment...
Analytical Division Student Award
Awarded to graduate student(s) in the field of lipid analytical chemistry. Analytical Division Student Award Divisions achievement agricultural analytical application award awards biotechnology detergents distinguished division Divisions edible fa
Goa, India How far does Surface Heave Propagate? A Discussion on Analytical and Numerical Modeling of the Surface Heave Induced by Subsurface Fluid Injection
ABSTRACT: Reservoir dilations occur due to variety of subsurface injection operations including waste disposal, waterflooding, steam injection, CO 2 sequestration and aquifer storage recovery. These reservoir dilations propagate to the surrounding formations and extend up to the ground surface resulting in surface heaves. This paper discusses modelling of the surface heave by applying both analytical and numerical methods. Results of the study demonstrate that the lateral extent of a finite element model has a direct impact on the surface heave profile and if the lateral boundaries are too close to the line of symmetry there will be significant errors in the finite element results. This paper proposes a rapid way of estimating a sufficient lateral extent for the finite element model by using a new chart. The chart contains a family of curves which can be used to estimate the surface heave propagation distance under various injection depths, injection periods and soil properties. 1
Asanga S. Nanayakkara; Ron C. K. Wong
Analytical modeling of eddy-current losses caused by pulse-width-modulation switching in permanent-magnet brushless direct-current motors
Because of their high efficiency and power density the PM brushless dc motor is a strong candidate for electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion systems. An analytical approach is developed to predict the inverter high frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) switching caused eddy-current losses in a permanent magnet brushless dc motor. The model uses polar coordinates to take curvature effects into account, and is also capable of including the space harmonic effect of the stator magnetic field and the stator lamination effect on the losses. The model was applied to an existing motor design and was verified with the finite element method. Good agreement was achieved between the two approaches. Hence, the model is expected to be very helpful in predicting PWM switching losses in permanent magnet machine design.
Deng, F. [General Motors Corp., Flint, MI (United States). Delphi-Energy and Engine Management Systems] [General Motors Corp., Flint, MI (United States). Delphi-Energy and Engine Management Systems; Nehl, T.W. [General Motors Corp., Warren, MI (United States). Research and Development Center] [General Motors Corp., Warren, MI (United States). Research and Development Center
Analytical Chemistry Division annual progress report for period ending December 31, 1979
The progress is reported in the following sections: analytical methodology, mass and emission spectrometry, technical support, bio-organic analysis, nuclear and radiochemical analysis, and quality assurance. (DLC)
Shults, W.D.; Lyon, W.S. (ed.)
Development of a data base and forecasting model for commercial-sector electricity usage and demand. Volume VII. Detailed survey, sampling methodology
This report describes the work performed toward obtaining two sets of primary data, from which econometric and engineering parameters for the model were to be derived. The first type will be collected in a mail survey of utility-company customers determined by an analysis of customer-account data. These data have been collected from Pacific Gas and Electric, Los Angeles Div. of Water and Power, San Diego Gas and Electric, and Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) and have been analyzed and the survey customers selected. The second type will consist of detailed technical data on buildings in the SMSA's of Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and Sacramento. This report presents the final methodology for the selection of building samples, by type and location, for the detailed building data collection. Eleven tables present the results of the analysis. Within service areas and/or SMSA's, significant establishment classifications are illustrated with their energy characteristics. The allocation of the detailed survey-sample members is illustrated, according to establishment classifications and the 24 different building types. This specification is further detailed as to allocations within the SMUD service area and those to be taken from other areas. The methodology presented in this final report is being used to select sample members for the detailed survey.
An accurate polynomial-based analytical charge control model for AlGaN/GaN HEMT
A new nonlinear expression of Fermi-level variation with two-dimensional electron gas density in a high electron mobility has been proposed. It was found that our expression has a better fit with the numerical results. And, an analytical expression for n{sub s} in terms of the applied gate voltage is developed. Comparing with other previous approximations, the solutions of our expression has a better agreement with the exact numerical results over the entire range of interest. Besides, the solutions of our expression of n{sub s} versus V{sub G} are compared with the experimental data and shown to be in good agreement over a wide range of bias conditions.
Pu Jinrong; Sun Jiuxun, E-mail: email@example.com; Zhang Da [University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Applied Physics (China)
Using Analytical and Numerical Modeling to Assess the Utility of Groundwater Monitoring Parameters at Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Sites
://www.gettysburg.edu/academics/physics/clea/CLEAhome.html 4) Inner solar system orbital model http://donald.phast
Texas at Austin, University of
E-AMOM: An Energy-Aware Modeling and Optimization Methodology for Scientific Applications on Multicore Systems
Power consumption is an important constraint in achieving efficient execution on High Performance Computing Multicore Systems. As the number of cores available on a chip continues to increase, the importance of power consumption will continue to grow. In order to achieve improved performance on multicore systems scientific applications must make use of efficient methods for reducing power consumption and must further be refined to achieve reduced execution time. In this dissertation, we introduce a performance modeling framework, E-AMOM, to enable improved execution of scientific applications on parallel multicore systems with regards to a limited power budget. We develop models for each application based upon performance hardware counters. Our models utilize different performance counters for each application and for each performance component (runtime, system power consumption, CPU power consumption, and memory power consumption) that are selected via our performance-tuned principal component analysis method. Models developed through E-AMOM provide insight into the performance characteristics of each application that affect performance for each component on a parallel multicore system. Our models are more than 92% accurate across both Hybrid (MPI/OpenMP) and MPI implementations for six scientific applications. E-AMOM includes an optimization component that utilizes our models to employ run-time Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Dynamic Concurrency Throttling to reduce power consumption of the scientific applications. Further, we optimize our applications based upon insights provided by the performance models to reduce runtime of the applications. Our methods and techniques are able to save up to 18% in energy consumption for Hybrid (MPI/OpenMP) and MPI scientific applications and reduce the runtime of the applications up to 11% on parallel multicore systems.
Lively, Charles
Risk Assessment of Cascading Outages: Methodologies and Challenges
Abstract- This paper is a result of ongoing activity carried out by Understanding, Prediction, Mitigation and Restoration of Cascading Failures Task Force under IEEE Computer Analytical Methods Subcommittee (CAMS). The task force's previous papers are focused on general aspects of cascading outages such as understanding, prediction, prevention and restoration from cascading failures. This is the first of two new papers, which extend this previous work to summarize the state of the art in cascading failure risk analysis methodologies and modeling tools. This paper is intended to be a reference document to summarize the state of the art in the methodologies for performing risk assessment of cascading outages caused by some initiating event(s). A risk assessment should cover the entire potential chain of cascades starting with the initiating event(s) and ending with some final condition(s). However, this is a difficult task and heuristic approaches and approximations have been suggested. This paper discusses different approaches to this and suggests directions for future development of methodologies. The second paper summarizes the state of the art in modeling tools for risk assessment of cascading outages.
Vaiman, Marianna; Bell, Keith; Chen, Yousu; Chowdhury, Badrul; Dobson, Ian; Hines, Paul; Papic, Milorad; Miller, Stephen; Zhang, Pei
Independence and interdependence in the nest-site choice by honeybee swarms: agent-based models, analytical approaches and pattern formation
In a recent paper List, Elsholtz and Seeley [Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 364 (2009) 755] have devised an agent-based model of the the nest-choice dynamics in swarms of honeybees, and have concluded that both interdependence and independence are needed for the bees to reach a consensus on the best nest site. We here present a simplified version of the model which can be treated analytically with the tools of statistical physics and which largely has the same features as the original dynamics. Based on our analytical approaches it is possible to characterize the co-ordination outcome exactly on the deterministic level, and to a good approximation if stochastic effects are taken into account, reducing the need for computer simulations on the agent-based level. In the second part of the paper we present a spatial extension, and show that transient non-trivial patterns emerge, before consensus is reached. Approaches in terms of Langevin equations for continuous field variables are discussed.
Galla, Tobias
Agent-Based Modelling of Socio-Ecosystems: A Methodology for the Analysis of Adaptation to Climate Change
The integrated-environmental, economic and social-analysis of climate change calls for a paradigm shift as it is fundamentally a problem of complex, bottom-up and multi-agent human behaviour. There is a growing awareness that global environmental change ... Keywords: Agent-Based Modelling, Bottom-Up Exploration, Climate Change Adaptation, Socio-Ecosystems, Sustainability Strategies
Stefano Balbi; Carlo Giupponi
We perform a joint analysis of X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect data using an analytic model that describes the gas properties of galaxy clusters. The joint analysis allows the measurement of the cluster gas mass fraction profile and Hubble constant independent of cosmological parameters. Weak cosmological priors are used to calculate the overdensity radius within which the gas mass fractions are reported. Such an analysis can provide direct constraints on the evolution of the cluster gas mass fraction with redshift. We validate the model and the joint analysis on high signal-to-noise data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array for two clusters, A2631 and A2204.
Hasler, Nicole; Bulbul, Esra; Bonamente, Massimiliano; Landry, David [Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 (United States); Carlstrom, John E.; Culverhouse, Thomas L.; Gralla, Megan; Greer, Christopher; Hennessy, Ryan; Leitch, Erik M.; Mantz, Adam; Marrone, Daniel P.; Plagge, Thomas [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States); Hawkins, David; Lamb, James W.; Muchovej, Stephen [Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Big Pine, CA 93513 (United States); Joy, Marshall; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery [Space Science-VP62, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 (United States); Miller, Amber [Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 (United States); Mroczkowski, Tony [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (United States); and others
Analytical Models for the Energetics of Cosmic Accretion Shocks, their Cosmological Evolution, and the Effect of Environment
We present an analytical description of the energetics of the population of cosmic accretion shocks, for a concordance cosmology. We calculate how the shock-processed accretion power and mass current are distributed among different shock Mach numbers, and how they evolve with cosmic time. We calculate the cumulative energy input of cosmic accretion shocks of any Mach number to the intergalactic medium as a function of redshift, and we compare it with the energy output of supernova explosions as well as with the energy input required to reionize the universe. In addition, we investigate and quantify the effect of environmental factors, such as local clustering properties and filament preheating on the statistical properties of these shocks. We find that the energy processed by accretion shocks is higher than the supernova energy output for z<3 and that it becomes more than an order of magnitude higher in the local universe. The energy processed by accretion shocks alone becomes comparable to the energy required to reionize the universe by z~3.5. Finally, we establish both qualitative and quantitatively that both local clustering as well as filament compression and preheating are important factors in determining the statistical properties of the cosmic accretion shock population.
Vasiliki Pavlidou; Brian D. Fields
A path analytic model and measurement of the business value of e-government: An international perspective
The paper tests a model of measuring the business value of e-government. It provides results of its application to business firms operating in Dubai and using its government electronic services (e-government). The dimensions of the e-government business ... Keywords: Business value, Information search, Information transaction, Path analysis, Profitability, Structural equations modeling, UAE, e-Government
Masood Abdulla Badri; Khaled Alshare
An integrated analytic approach for Six Sigma project selection
Six Sigma is regarded as a well-structured methodology for improving the quality of processes and products. It helps achieve the company's strategic goal through the effective use of project-driven approach. As Six Sigma is a project-driven methodology, ... Keywords: Analytic network process (ANP), Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Logistics company, Six Sigma project selection
Gülçin Büyüközkan; Demet Öztürkcan
INTERLINE 5.0 -- An expanded railroad routing model: Program description, methodology, and revised user`s manual
Johnson, P.E.; Joy, D.S. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Clarke, D.B.; Jacobi, J.M. [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States). Transportation Center
A Study of Persistence in the Land–Atmosphere System with a Fourth-Order Analytical Model
In a companion paper, Y. Liu and R. Avissar analyzed the features of persistence in the land–atmosphere system simulated with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model Version 2 coupled with the Biosphere–Atmosphere ...
Yongqiang Liu; Roni Avissar
Methodology for developing Version 2.0 of the MECcheck{trademark} materials for the 1992, 1993, and 1995 Model Energy Codes
To help builders comply with the Council of American Building Officials (CABO) Model Energy Code (MEC), and to help code officials enforce the MEC requirements, the US Department of Energy (DOE) directed Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to develop the MECcheck{trademark} compliance materials. The materials include a compliance and enforcement manual for all the MEC requirements, prescriptive packages, software, and a trade-off worksheet (included in the compliance manual) to help comply with the thermal envelope requirements. The materials can be used for single-family and low- rise multifamily dwellings. The materials allow building energy efficiency measures (such as insulation levels) to be ``traded off`` against each other, allowing a wide variety of building designs to comply with the MEC. The materials were developed to provide compliance methods that are easy to use and understand. MECcheck compliance materials have been developed for three different editions of the MEC: the 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions. Although some requirements contained in the 1992, 1993, and 1995 MEC changed, the methodology used to develop the MECcheck materials for these three editions is essentially identical. This document explains the methodology used to produce the three MECcheck compliance approaches for meeting the MEC`s thermal envelope requirements--the prescriptive package approach, the software approach, and the trade-off approach. The MECcheck material are largely oriented to assisting the builder in meeting the most complicated part of the MEC--the building envelope U{sub o}-, U-, and R-value requirements in Section 502 of the MEC. This document details the calculations and assumptions underlying the treatment of the MEC requirements in MECcheck, with a major emphasis on the building envelope requirements.
Connell, L.M.; Lucas, R.G.; Taylor, Z.T.
An analytical and numerical model to determine stresses in a Rock Melt Drill produced glass liner for potential use on Mars
A numerical and analytical model was constructed to determine the resultant stress state imposed on a Rock Melt Drill produced liner. The purpose of this study was to determine if the liner produced would possess the strength required to prevent a failure in the borehole wall. Derivation of energy, mass and momentum conservation equations was performed to aid in the identification of applicable loads acting on the melted material that will form the liner. A finite difference model was coded to produce a temperature profile in the liner thickness. An analytical stress model, using the results of the derived equations and the numerical thermal model, was constructed to determine the magnitude of the stresses the liner is subjected to after operation of the Rock Melt Drill. By using values from the Rock Melt Drill design and formation material properties taken from the literature, from experiment and through calculations, a baseline resultant stress was able to be determined for the liner. Utilizing the thermal and stress model, a parametric analysis of the stresses and temperature profile was conducted over a range of Rock Melt Drill operational parameters and formation material property parameters. This parametric analysis was conducted to determine trends between the above parameters and the resultant temperature and stress profiles. It was determined that the liner would have enough strength to prevent failure by collapse up to the required depths of 5 km, under ideal conditions. Additional loads applied to the liner in the form of an increase pressure gradient or formation fluid load may be enough to cause collapse of the liner. Also, the resultant tensile stress in the liner at shallow depths is great enough to cause crack propagation near the surface. It is a conclusion of this study that the Rock Melt Drill may be a potentially viable drilling system for use on Mars, in terms of preventing borehole collapse. Further study is necessary to determine the state of the liner in more realistic conditions, such as including pressurized fluids in the models, and additional work is needed to optimize the Rock Melt Drill system.
McConnell, Joshua B
A Signal-Processing Framework for Reflection--Part 2: Analytic Formulae for Common Lighting and BRDF Models
a homogeneous convex curved surface under distant illumination. The notion of reflection as convolution harmonic coefficients of many common lighting and BRDF models. In this way, we explore the implications the reflected light field from a homogeneous convex curved surface under distant illumination. Under
Stanford University
An assessment methodology for thermal energy storage evaluation
This report documents an assessment methodology for evaluating the cost, performance, and overall economic feasibility of thermal energy storage (TES) concepts. The methodology was developed by Thermal Energy Storage Evaluation Program personnel at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for use by PNL and other TES concept evaluators. The methodology is generically applicable to all TES concepts; however, specific analyses may require additional or more detailed definition of the ground rules, assumptions, and analytical approach. The overall objective of the assessment methodology is to assist in preparing equitable and proper evaluations of TES concepts that will allow developers and end-users to make valid decisions about research and development (R and D) and implementation. The methodology meets this objective by establishing standard approaches, ground rules, assumptions, and definitions that are analytically correct and can be consistently applied by concept evaluators. 15 refs., 4 figs., 13 tabs.
Brown, D.R.; Dirks, J.A.; Drost, M.K.; Spanner, G.E.; Williams, T.A.
Development of an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources in North America
Since the 1970s, various private and governmental agencies have conducted studies to assess potential unconventional gas resources, particularly those resources contained in tight sands, fractured shales, and coal beds. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has assessed the amount of unconventional gas resources in North America, and its estimates are used by other government agencies as the basis for their resource estimates. While the USGS employs a probabilistic methodology, it is apparent from the resulting narrow ranges that the methodology underestimates the uncertainty of these undiscovered, untested, potential resources, which in turn limits the reliability and usefulness of the assessments. The objective of this research is to develop an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources that better accounts for the uncertainty in these resources. This study investigates the causes of the narrow ranges generated by the USGS analyticprobabilistic methodology used to prepare the 1995 national oil and gas assessment and the 2000 NOGA series, and presents an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources. The new model improves upon the USGS method by using a stochastic approach, which includes correlation between the input variables and Monte Carlo simulation, representing a more versatile and robust methodology than the USGS analytic-probabilistic methodology. The improved methodology is applied to the assessment of potential unconventional gas resources in the Uinta-Piceance province of Utah and Colorado, and compared to results of the evaluation performed by the USGS in 2002. Comparison of the results validates the means and standard deviations produced by the USGS methodology, but shows that the probability distributions generated are rather different and, that the USGS distributions are not skewed to right, as expected for a natural resource. This study indicates that the unrealistic shape and width of the resulting USGS probability distributions are not caused by the analytic equations or lack of correlation between input parameters, but rather the use of narrow triangular probability distributions as input variables. Adoption of the improved methodology, along with a careful examination and revision of input probability distributions, will allow a more realistic assessment of the uncertainty surrounding potential unconventional gas resources.
Salazar Vanegas, Jesus
DOE Challenge Home Label Methodology
October 2012 1 October 2012 1 Label Methodology DOE Challenge Home Label Methodology October 2012 DOE Challenge Home October 2012 2 Label Methodology Contents Background ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Comfort/Quiet .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Healthy Living ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Mound Laboratory: Analytical Capability
The Monsanto Research Corporation, Mound Laboratory Analytical Capability report is intended to fulfill a customer need for basic information concerning Mound Laboratory's analytical instrumentation and techniques.
Hendrickson, E. L.
Model documentation: Electricity Market Module, Electricity Fuel Dispatch Submodule
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System Electricity Fuel Dispatch Submodule (EFD), a submodule of the Electricity Market Module (EMM). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated through the synthesis and scenario development based on these components.
Analytical Microscopy Group Homepage
... research on autoradiography and nuclear track methods ... and standards that address critical challenges in ... Public Safety and Security in Analytical ...
A Methodology for Estimating the Parameters of a Gamma Raindrop Size Distribution Model from Polarimetric Radar Data: Application to a Squall-Line Event from the TRMM/Brazil Campaign
A methodology is proposed for estimating the parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution model from radar measurements of Zh, Zdr, and Kdp at S band. Previously developed algorithms by Gorgucci et al. are extended to cover low rain-rate ...
V. N. Bringi; Gwo-Jong Huang; V. Chandrasekar; E. Gorgucci
Experimental and analytic studies to model kinetics and mass transport of carbon dioxide sequstration in depleted carbonate reservoirs
There is undeniable evidence that concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising at an increasingly rapid rate primarily as the result of burning fossil fuels. Although the debate continues, most of the scientific community believes that higher levels of atmospheric CO2 will lead to a significant warming of the Earth's climate and that there is already evidence that this is occurring. There are two ways to ameliorate this problem. One is to significantly reduce production of CO2, which is primarily a political-economic problem, and the other is to remove CO2 from emissions and/or the atmosphere and find some way to sequester it. Several possible ways to sequester CO2 are under investigation or have been suggested. These include removal by chemical reaction, deep seabed disposal, and pumping supercritical CO2 into various subsurface environments. Sequestration of carbon dioxide in depleted gas reservoirs appears to be a viable option, with a possible economic spin-off from the recovery of significant gas reserves. At the elevated temperatures and pressures encountered in reservoirs, carbon dioxide behaves as a supercritical fluid. Under these conditions, little was known regarding the, diffusion of carbon dioxide in natural gas, and displacement of natural gas by carbon dioxide. A major objective of this research was to obtain the necessary data to model these processes. Also, the added CO2 will react with reservoir waters that are often chemically complex high ionic strength brines making them more acidic. This can result in the dissolution of calcium carbonate (calcite) that is a common host rock or sandstone cement in reservoirs and lead to potentially serious problems for CO2 injection and the integrity of the reservoir. It was consequently a second major objective of this project to determine calcite solubility and dissolution kinetics in solutions representative of subsurface brines and produce a general dissolution rate equation. Both objectives were accomplished. Reservoir simulations indicated a large amount of CO2 would be sequestered, with the amount depending on reservoir water saturation. Simulation results also indicate a significant amount of natural gas could be produced. For an 80-acre pattern, natural gas production was calculated to be 3.2 BSCF or 63% of remaining gas-in-place for 30% reservoir water saturation. Gas revenues would help defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. Therefore, CO2 sequestration in depleted gas reservoirs appears to be a win-win technology. Considerable effort went into testing and refining the ability to predict calcite solubility in brines using a Pitzer-equation based computer model, with particular difficulties being encountered in solutions with high dissolved calcium concentrations. After that was accomplished, calcite dissolution kinetics were determined a wide range of brine compositions both including and not including potential inhibitors from 25 to 83 oC and a CO2 partial pressure from 0.1 to 1 atm. The reaction was found to be first order for undersaturations of 0.2 to ~1 and was surface controlled. The rate constant was fit to a multiple regression model, thus making it possible to predict calcite dissolution rates over a wide range of solution compositions, partial pressures of CO2 and temperature. Results indicate that equilibrium is likely to be reached relatively quickly in front of an advancing supercritical CO2 fluid.
Morse, John W; Mamora, Daulat
Chaos and dynamical trends in barred galaxies: bridging the gap between N-body simulations and time-dependent analytical models
Self-consistent N-body simulations are an efficient tool to study galactic dynamics. However, it can be challenging to use them for the detailed study of individual trajectories (or ensembles of trajectories). Such orbital studies are important to shed light on global phase space properties, which are the underlying cause of observed structures. The potentials needed to describe self-consistent models are in this case time-dependent. For this reason, we aim to investigate the different dynamical properties (such as regular and chaotic motion) of a non-autonomous galactic system, whose time-dependent potential adequately mimics certain realistic trends arising from N-body barred galaxy simulations. We construct a fully time-dependent analytical model, which manages to capture and reproduce several features of an N-body simulation. We model the gravitational potentials of three components (disc, bar and dark matter halo), whose time-dependent parameters are derived from an N-body simulation. We start by studying the dynamical stability of its reduced time-independent 2-degrees of freedom model by charting the different islands of stability associated with certain orbital morphologies and detecting the chaotic and regular regions. We then turn our interest to the full 3-degrees of freedom time-dependent case, where we show a few representative trajectories which experience different typical dynamical behaviours, i.e., an interplay between regular and chaotic motion for different epochs. Finally, we focus on the study of the underlying global dynamical transitions of the time-dependent system in terms of estimating the relative total fraction of (un)stable motion of an ensemble of initial conditions taken from the simulation and evolved with the time-dependent potential. We find that, for such an ensemble, the fraction of regular motion increases with time.
T. Manos; Rubens E. G. Machado
Technosocial predictive analytics for illicit nuclear trafficking
Illicit nuclear trafficking networks are a national security threat. These networks can directly lead to nuclear proliferation, as state or nonstate actors attempt to identify and acquire nuclear weapons-related expertise, technologies, components, and ... Keywords: analytical gaming, decision making, illicit trafficking, knowledge management, modeling, nuclear proliferation, predictive analytics
Antonio Sanfilippo; Scott Butner; Andrew Cowell; Angela Dalton; Jereme Haack; Sean Kreyling; Rick Riensche; Amanda White; Paul Whitney
FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies
Analysis Methodologies to Analysis Methodologies to someone by E-mail Share FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on Facebook Tweet about FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on Twitter Bookmark FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on Google Bookmark FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on Delicious Rank FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on Digg Find More places to share FCT Systems Analysis: Analysis Methodologies on AddThis.com... Home Analysis Methodologies Resource Analysis Technological Feasibility & Cost Analysis Environmental Analysis Delivery Analysis Infrastructure Development & Financial Analysis Energy Market Analysis DOE H2A Analysis Scenario Analysis Quick Links Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Delivery Hydrogen Storage Fuel Cells Technology Validation
Analytical Chemistry Databases and Links
Analytical chemistry websites, humor, Material Safety Data Sheets,Patent Information, and references. Analytical Chemistry Databases and Links Analytical Chemistry acid analysis Analytical Chemistry aocs applicants april articles atomic)FluorometryDiffer
been conducted to analyze the exchanger experimentally (Bose and Parker 1983; Bose et al. 1980, 1982). An analytical study of such heat exchangers, which uses a detailed mathematical model to describe their
, 1982). An analytical study of such heat exchangers, which uses a detailed mathematical model-tube heat exchangers. Six 6-in (152-mm) wells were drilled at depths of 53, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 ft (16 exchanger and circulation pump, both cooling and heating SPFs would have been higher had a water-to-air unit
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
UNFCCC-GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials | Open
UNFCCC-GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials UNFCCC-GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials (Redirected from UNFCCC GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Sector: Energy, Land Topics: GHG inventory Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices, Training materials, Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/training_material/metho Cost: Free References: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials[1] Logo: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials
Extreme Scale Visual Analytics
Extreme-scale visual analytics (VA) is about applying VA to extreme-scale data. The articles in this special issue examine advances related to extreme-scale VA problems, their analytical and computational challenges, and their real-world applications.
Wong, Pak C.; Shen, Han-Wei; Pascucci, Valerio
Energy Efficiency Indicators Methodology Booklet
Indicators Methodology Booklet Title Energy Efficiency Indicators Methodology Booklet Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3702E Year of Publication 2010 Authors...
Lee Cyclogenesis. Part I: Analytic Studies
The growth of synoptic scale cyclones imbedded in a baroclinically unstable zonal flow over a long straight mountain range is investigated. Two different analytical models of the phenomenon are used.
J. L. Hayes; R. T. Williams; M. A. Rennick
Analytic Representations of Standard Atmosphere Temperature Profiles
Analytic functions which approximate six commonly used standard temperature profiles (the AFGL set, and the 1976 U.S. Standard) are described. These provide a uniform way of rounding off the sharp corners of the original models, and have been ...
Stephen B. Fels
Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructure
Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructure Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructure for the Home Energy Saver Web Site Title Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructure for the Home Energy Saver Web Site Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-51938 Year of Publication 2005 Authors Pinckard, Margaret J., Richard E. Brown, Evan Mills, James D. Lutz, Mithra M. Moezzi, Celina S. Atkinson, Christopher A. Bolduc, Gregory K. Homan, and Katie Coughlin Document Number LBNL-51938 Pagination 108 Date Published July 13 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract The Home Energy Saver (HES, http://HomeEnergySaver.lbl.gov) is an interactive web site designed to help residential consumers make decisions about energy use in their homes. This report describes the underlying methods and data for estimating energy consumption. Using engineering models, the site estimates energy consumption for six major categories (end uses); heating, cooling, water heating, major appliances, lighting, and miscellaneous equipment. The approach taken by the Home Energy Saver is to provide users with initial results based on a minimum of user input, allowing progressively greater control in specifying the characteristics of the house and energy consuming appliances. Outputs include energy consumption (by fuel and end use), energy-related emissions (carbon dioxide), energy bills (total and by fuel and end use), and energy saving recommendations. Real-world electricity tariffs are used for many locations, making the bill estimates even more accurate. Where information about the house is not available from the user, default values are used based on end-use surveys and engineering studies. An extensive body of qualitative decision-support information augments the analytical results.
DOE Systems Engineering Methodology
Systems Engineering Methodology (SEM) In-Stage Assessment Process Guide Version 3 September 2002 U.S. Department of Energy Office of the Chief Information Officer In-Stage Assessment Process Date: September 2002 Page i Rev Date: Table of Contents Section Page 1.0 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 1 Who Conducts ...................................................................................................................
Welcome to Analytical Labs
We've been part of the SRS family for over 50 years. Mission To safely operate nuclear and environmental laboratories in providing the highest quality analytical services to all of...
Waste Package Design Methodology Report
The objective of this report is to describe the analytical methods and processes used by the Waste Package Design Section to establish the integrity of the various waste package designs, the emplacement pallet, and the drip shield. The scope of this report shall be the methodology used in criticality, risk-informed, shielding, source term, structural, and thermal analyses. The basic features and appropriateness of the methods are illustrated, and the processes are defined whereby input values and assumptions flow through the application of those methods to obtain designs that ensure defense-in-depth as well as satisfy requirements on system performance. Such requirements include those imposed by federal regulation, from both the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and those imposed by the Yucca Mountain Project to meet repository performance goals. The report is to be used, in part, to describe the waste package design methods and techniques to be used for producing input to the License Application Report.
D.A. Brownson
SRL online Analytical Development
The Savannah River Site is operated by the Westinghouse Savannah River Co. for the Department of Energy to produce special nuclear materials for defense. R&D support for site programs is provided by the Savannah River Laboratory, which I represent. The site is known primarily for its nuclear reactors, but actually three fourths of the efforts at the site are devoted to fuel/target fabrication, fuel/target reprocessing, and waste management. All of these operations rely heavily on chemical processes. The site is therefore a large chemical plant. There are then many potential applications for process analytical chemistry at SRS. The Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) has an Analytical Development Section of roughly 65 personnel that perform analyses for R&D efforts at the lab, act as backup to the site Analytical Laboratories Department and develop analytical methods and instruments. I manage a subgroup of the Analytical Development Section called the Process Control & Analyzer Development Group. The Prime mission of this group is to develop online/at-line analytical systems for site applications.
Jenkins, C.W.
The Savannah River Site is operated by the Westinghouse Savannah River Co. for the Department of Energy to produce special nuclear materials for defense. R D support for site programs is provided by the Savannah River Laboratory, which I represent. The site is known primarily for its nuclear reactors, but actually three fourths of the efforts at the site are devoted to fuel/target fabrication, fuel/target reprocessing, and waste management. All of these operations rely heavily on chemical processes. The site is therefore a large chemical plant. There are then many potential applications for process analytical chemistry at SRS. The Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) has an Analytical Development Section of roughly 65 personnel that perform analyses for R D efforts at the lab, act as backup to the site Analytical Laboratories Department and develop analytical methods and instruments. I manage a subgroup of the Analytical Development Section called the Process Control Analyzer Development Group. The Prime mission of this group is to develop online/at-line analytical systems for site applications.
About Analytical Labs
LOOKING FOR THE RIGHT MIX IN ANALYTICAL SERVICES? LOOKING FOR THE RIGHT MIX IN ANALYTICAL SERVICES? Let's break it down. Analytical Laboratories at the SRS offers a wide-range of analytical capabilities; extensive and highly-specialized facilities; in-depth talent; and an unsurpassed record for providing our customers with the highest quality of service. We've served our nation for more than 50 years. Now, we're ready to provide those same services to you. Call us when you are looking for the right proportion of capabilities, facilities, talent and commitment to excellence. Our Facilities Analytical Laboratories at the SRS offers a wide-range of analytical capabilities; extensive and highly-specialized facilities; in-depth talent; and an unsurpassed record for providing our customers with the highest quality of service. We've served our nation for more than 50 years. Now, we're ready to provide those same services to you. Call us when you are looking for the right proportion of capabilities, facilities, talent and commitment to excellence.
Developmental of a Vapor Cloud Explosion Risk Analysis Tool Using Exceedance Methodology
In development projects, designers should take into consideration the possibility of a vapor cloud explosion in the siting and design of a process plant from day one. The most important decisions pertinent to the location of different process areas, separation between different areas, location of occupied buildings and overall layout may be made at the conceptual stage of the project. During the detailed design engineering stage the final calculation of gas explosion loads is an important activity. However, decisions related to the layout and location of occupied buildings at this stage could be very costly. Therefore, at the conceptual phase of the development project for a hydrocarbon facility, it would be helpful to get a picture of possible vapor cloud explosion loads to be used in studying various options. This thesis presents the analytical parameters that are used in vapor cloud explosion risk analysis. It proposes a model structure for the analysis of vapor cloud explosion risks to buildings based on exceedance methodology. This methodology was developed in a computer program which is used to support this thesis. The proposed model considers all possible gas release scenarios through the use of the Monte Carlo simulation. The risk of vapor cloud explosions can be displayed using exceedance curves. The resulting model provides a predictive tool for vapor cloud explosion problems at the early stages of development projects, particularly in siting occupied buildings in onshore hydrocarbon facilities. It can also be used as a quick analytical tool for investigating various aspects of vapor cloud explosions. This model has been applied to a case study, a debutanizer process unit. The model was used to explore the different alternatives of locating a building near the facility. The results from the model were compared to the results of other existing software to determine the model validity. The results show that the model can effectively examine the risk of vapor cloud explosions.
Alghamdi, Salem
Data Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Heating Rates as Proxy Surface Wetness Data into a Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Model. Part I: Methodology
A satellite data assimilation method is developed which incorporates satellite-observed infrared heating rates into a mesoscale atmospheric model to retrieve model soil moisture. The method builds upon previous work with the model's surface ...
Andrew S. Jones; Ingrid C. Guch; Thomas H. Vonder Haar
Empirical Methodologies for Improving HVAC Efficiency
Empirical Methodologies for Improving HVAC Efficiency Empirical Methodologies for Improving HVAC Efficiency Speaker(s): Anil Aswani Date: September 21, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Michael Wetter This talk describes the use of empirical methodologies that we have developed for the purpose of improving heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) efficiency through better control algorithms and configuration. We show that semiparametric regression can both identify simplified models of thermal HVAC dynamics while also estimating time-varying heating loads using only real-time temperature measurements from thermostats. These models can be used with our learning-based model predictive control (LBMPC) method in order to improve the energy-efficiency of HVAC. Experiments on testbeds with different types of HVAC show the
UNFCCC-GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials UNFCCC-GHG Inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Sector: Energy, Land Topics: GHG inventory Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices, Training materials, Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/training_material/metho Cost: Free References: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials[1] Logo: UNFCCC GHG inventory Methodological Documents and Training Materials Visit the website for GHG inventory training materials, software support
Proposing a decision-making model using analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy expert system for prioritizing industries in installation of combined heat and power systems
Restructuring electric power and increasing energy cost encourage large energy consumers to utilize combined heat and power (CHP) systems. In addition to these two factors, the gradual exclusion of subsidies is the third factor intensifying the utilization ... Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, Combined heat and power, Decision making, Fuzzy expert system, Industry
Mehdi Piltan; Erfan Mehmanchi; S. F. Ghaderi
Semi-analytical modeling of Ag and Au nanoparticles and fullerene (C60) embedded gate oxide compound semiconductor MOSFET memory devices
In this paper we present an analytical simulation study of Non-volatile MOSFET memory devices with Ag/Au nanoparticles/fullerene (C60) embedded gate dielectric stacks. We considered a long channel planar MOSFET, having a multilayer SiO2---HfO2 ... Keywords: Ag nanocrystal, Au nanocrystal, C60, Long channel MOSFET, Non-volatile memory
Amretashis Sengupta; Chandan Kumar Sarkar; Felix G. Requejo
Renewable Analytics | Open Energy Information
Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Renewable Analytics Jump to: navigation, search Name Renewable Analytics Place San Francisco,...
Safeguards Envelope Methodology
Nuclear safeguards are intrinsic and extrinsic features of a facility which reduce probability of the successful acquisition of special nuclear material (SNM) by hostile actors. Future bulk handling facilities in the United States will include both domestic and international safeguards as part of a voluntary agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. A new framework for safeguards, the Safeguards Envelope Methodology, is presented. A safeguards envelope is a set of operational and safeguards parameters that define a range, or "envelope," of operating conditions that increases confidence as to the location and assay of nuclear material without increasing costs from security or safety. Facilities operating within safeguards envelopes developed by this methodology will operate with a higher confidence, a lower false alarm rate, and reduced safeguards impact on the operator. Creating a safeguards envelope requires bringing together security, safety, and safeguards best practices. This methodology is applied to an example facility, the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant. An example diversion scenario in the front-end of this nuclear reprocessing facility, using actual operating data, shows that the diversion could have been detected more easily by changing operational parameters, and these changed operational parameters would not sacrifice the operational efficiency of the facility, introduce security vulnerabilities, or create a safety hazard.
Metcalf, Richard
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Applied to Port Logistics Efficiency Evaluation
This paper aims to construct analysis model of port logistics arrangement using Delphi and AHP, furthermore, establishment of fuzzy theory and analytical hierarchy process model and factor set. And calculate every index weight with the weighting method—G1 ... Keywords: Mathematical model, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, Port Logistics, Efficiency Evaluation
Xuelian Liu
Novel Optimization Methodology for Welding Process/Consumable Integration
Advanced materials are being developed to improve the energy efficiency of many industries of future including steel, mining, and chemical, as well as, US infrastructures including bridges, pipelines and buildings. Effective deployment of these materials is highly dependent upon the development of arc welding technology. Traditional welding technology development is slow and often involves expensive and time-consuming trial and error experimentation. The reason for this is the lack of useful predictive tools that enable welding technology development to keep pace with the deployment of new materials in various industrial sectors. Literature reviews showed two kinds of modeling activities. Academic and national laboratory efforts focus on developing integrated weld process models by employing the detailed scientific methodologies. However, these models are cumbersome and not easy to use. Therefore, these scientific models have limited application in real-world industrial conditions. On the other hand, industrial users have relied on simple predictive models based on analytical and empirical equations to drive their product development. The scopes of these simple models are limited. In this research, attempts were made to bridge this gap and provide the industry with a computational tool that combines the advantages of both approaches. This research resulted in the development of predictive tools which facilitate the development of optimized welding processes and consumables. The work demonstrated that it is possible to develop hybrid integrated models for relating the weld metal composition and process parameters to the performance of welds. In addition, these tools can be deployed for industrial users through user friendly graphical interface. In principle, the welding industry users can use these modular tools to guide their welding process parameter and consumable composition selection. It is hypothesized that by expanding these tools throughout welding industry, substantial energy savings can be made. Savings are expected to be even greater in the case of new steels, which will require extensive mapping over large experimental ranges of parameters such as voltage, current, speed, heat input and pre-heat.
Quintana, Marie A; DebRoy, Tarasankar; Vitek, John; Babu, Suresh
Methodology and Analysis Monthly Natural Gas Gross Production Report
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Methodology and Analysis Methodology and Analysis Methodology and Analysis 1 Methodology: Description of the sampling and estimating methodologies implemented in April 2010 PDF 2 Review Results: Description of the problem and the alternative methodologies tested PDF 3 2009 Revisions: A comparison of the current methodology estimates to the previous estimates PDF 4 ICF International Review: ICF International's review paper given to the American Statistical Association Committee on Energy Statistics PDF 5 Other Sources: EIA-914 Estimates Compared with Other sources PDF 6 Issues: EIA-914 Sample and Model Issues PDF 7 Data Analysis: EIA-914 Final Clearance Package October 2006 PDF 8 Revision Policy: EIA-914 and Natural Gas Monthly Revision Policy March 2007 PDF 9 Commercial Data Sources:
Model documentation report: Industrial sector demand module of the national energy modeling system
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code. This document serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description of the NEMS Industrial Model for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirements of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its model. Third, it facilitates continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements as future projects.
International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT): Model description
THE MODEL.................................................................................................................................7 I. Basic Methodology on Food............................................................................................. 7
Mark W. Rosegrant; Claudia Ringler; Siwa Msangi; Timothy B. Sulser; Tingju Zhu; Sarah A. Cline
Stochastic computational models for accurate reliability evaluation of logic circuits
As reliability becomes a major concern with the continuous scaling of CMOS technology, several computational methodologies have been developed for the reliability evaluation of logic circuits. Previous accurate analytical approaches, however, have a ... Keywords: fault tolerance, logic circuits, reliability evaluation, stochastic computation, stochastic computational model
Hao Chen; Jie Han
Analytical Division List
Name AffiliationCity, State, CountryAnalytical Division2013 Members391 Members as of October 1, 2013Abdurahman, SadegWashington State UniversityPullman, WA, USAAbuzaytoun, ReemDalhousie UniversityHalifax, NS, CanadaAdcock, JacquiDeakin Universityaurn Ponds
Analytical Theory of Graphene Nanoribbon Transistors
Graphene has emerged as one of the most promising materials to address scaling challenges in the post silicon era. A simple model for graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs) is developed for treating the effects of edge bond relaxation, ... Keywords: Graphene nanoribbons, analytical model, edge bond relaxation, third nearest neighbor interaction, edge scattering
Pei Zhao; Mihir Choudhury; Kartik Mohanram; Jing Guo
A requirement for RHIC data plotting software and physics analysis is the correlation of data from all accelerator data gathering systems. Data correlation provides the capability for a user to request a plot of multiple data channels vs. time, and to make meaningful time-correlated data comparisons. The task of data correlation for RHIC requires careful consideration because data acquisition triggers are generated from various asynchronous sources including events from the RHIC Event Link, events from the two Beam Sync Links, and other unrelated clocks. In order to correlate data from asynchronous acquisition systems a common time reference is required. The RHIC data correlation methodology will allow all RHIC data to be converted to a common wall clock time, while still preserving native acquisition trigger information. A data correlation task force team, composed of the authors of this paper, has been formed to develop data correlation design details and provide guidelines for software developers. The overall data correlation methodology will be presented in this paper.
An experimental comparison of fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process for medical decision support systems
The task of medical diagnosis is a complex one, considering the level vagueness and uncertainty management, especially when the disease has multiple symptoms. A number of researchers have utilized the fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) methodology ... Keywords: Analytical hierarchy process, Fuzzy, Malaria, Medical Diagnosis, Medical decision support system
Faith-Michael Emeka Uzoka; Okure Obot; Ken Barker; J. Osuji
Comparative analysis of energy costing methodologies
The methodologies used for computing levelized busbar costs of electricity from geothermal (hydrothermal) resources used by 16 organizations active in the geothermal area are discussed. The methodologies are compared by (a) comparing the results obtained by using two standard data sets, (b) a theoretical analysis of the mathematical formulation of the embedded models, and (c) an examination of differences in data and assumptions. The objective is to attempt to resolve differences in estimates of geothermal (and conventional) electric power costs, upon which policies may be formulated and research, development and demonstration activities designed and implemented.
El-Sawy, A.H.; Leigh, J.G.; Trehan, R.K.
Parameter sweeping methodology for integration in a workflow specification framework
This paper presents the design and the automation of a methodology (SciDC) for the creation, execution and administration of large computational and parametric experiments in distributed systems. This methodology is oriented to be a part of a workflow ... Keywords: computational models, distributed processing, parallel processing, parameter sweeping, workflow specification
David B. Cedrés; Emilio Hernández
Analytical Division Newsletter April 2013
Read the March newsletter from the Analytical Division. Analytical Division Newsletter April 2013 Membership Information achievement application award Awards distinguished division Divisions fats job Join lipid lipids Member member get a member Me
Centrifuge Modeling and Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams
This report contains general background information on centrifuge experimentation and linear elastic fracture mechanics pertaining to concrete gravity dam models, and explains in detail the experimental methodology and procedures developed for testing concrete gravity dam models in centrifuges. An important detail in the experimental procedure is that the models are loaded upstream with water and, at fracture, have water uplift pressure within any cracks. Finally, test results and comparisons to analytic...
Kentucky Transmission Line Siting Methodology
EPRI, in conjunction with Georgia Transmission Corporation (GTC) and Photo Science, Inc. (PSI), developed a standardized methodology for siting overhead electric transmission lines. EPRI report 1013080, EPRI-GTC Overhead Electric Transmission Line Siting Methodology, published February 2006, provides additional information. This methodology has been applied in Georgia and currently is being applied to projects in Kentucky by East Kentucky Power Cooperative and E.ON U.S. on behalf of Louisville Gas and El...
methodological issues. Energy Policy 24, 377–390. Phylipsen,the preferred method? ", Energy Policy 32 (2004), pp. 1131–efficiency index", Energy Policy (2006), Volume: 34, Issue:
Sathaye, Jayant
Reanalysis of 44 Yr of Climate in the French Alps (1958–2002): Methodology, Model Validation, Climatology, and Trends for Air Temperature and Precipitation
Since the early 1990s, Météo-France has used an automatic system combining three numerical models to simulate meteorological parameters, snow cover stratification, and avalanche risk at various altitudes, aspects, and slopes for a number of ...
Yves Durand; Martin Laternser; Gérald Giraud; Pierre Etchevers; Bernard Lesaffre; Laurent Mérindol
Systems Integration Methodology
A multi-disciplinary team led by the Advanced Power and Energy Program (APEP) of the University of California at Irvine is defining the system engineering issues associated with the integration of key components and subsystems into power plant systems that meet performance and emission goals of VISION 21. The myriad of fuels, fuel processing, power generation, and emission control technologies are narrowed down to selected scenarios by a screening analysis to identify those combinations that have the potential to achieve the VISION 21 goals consisting of 60% efficiency (HHV) for coal based systems and 75% efficiency (LHV) for gas-based systems. The selected promising cycle scenarios are then analyzed in detail to develop the performance and costs for each. The methodology used in arriving at these promising cases and the preliminary results of the cycle analyses are presented. The technology levels considered are based on projected technical and manufacturing advances being made in industry and on advances identified in current and future government supported research such as the Clean Coal Program, Combustion 2000 (LEBS and HIPPS), Advanced Turbine Systems program, Low-Cost Advanced Fuel Cell programs, and the Flexible Gas Turbine Systems program. Examples of systems included in these advanced cycles are solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells, advanced gas turbines, ion transport membrane separation and hydrogen-oxygen combustion.
Samuelsen, Scott; Rao, Ashok
Analysis Methodology for Industrial Load Profiles
A methodology is provided for evaluating the impact of various demand-side management (DSM) options on industrial customers. The basic approach uses customer metered load profile data as a basis for the customer load shape. DSM technologies are represented as load shapes and are used as a basis for altering the customers existing measured load shape. The impact of load shape changes on the customer is evaluated in terms of a change in the electric bill by using a software analytical tool called LOADEXPERT™. The software calculates the customer's bill for a particular rate structure and a given load shape. The output data from LOADEXPERT™ are used to calculate the rate of return on the DSM technology investment. Other uses of load profile data are provided.
Reddoch, T. W.
Statistically qualified neuro-analytic failure detection method and system
An apparatus and method for monitoring a process involve development and application of a statistically qualified neuro-analytic (SQNA) model to accurately and reliably identify process change. The development of the SQNA model is accomplished in two stages: deterministic model adaption and stochastic model modification of the deterministic model adaptation. Deterministic model adaption involves formulating an analytic model of the process representing known process characteristics, augmenting the analytic model with a neural network that captures unknown process characteristics, and training the resulting neuro-analytic model by adjusting the neural network weights according to a unique scaled equation error minimization technique. Stochastic model modification involves qualifying any remaining uncertainty in the trained neuro-analytic model by formulating a likelihood function, given an error propagation equation, for computing the probability that the neuro-analytic model generates measured process output. Preferably, the developed SQNA model is validated using known sequential probability ratio tests and applied to the process as an on-line monitoring system. Illustrative of the method and apparatus, the method is applied to a peristaltic pump system.
Vilim, Richard B. (Aurora, IL); Garcia, Humberto E. (Idaho Falls, ID); Chen, Frederick W. (Naperville, IL)
Services Services Our Capabilities Analytical Laboratories at the SRS performs analyses on a wide range of materials, including soil, water, gases, foodstuffs, decommissioning debris, waste, urine, fecal matter and process control samples. The laboratories maintain certifications and qualifications through a variety of governing bodies, which allows multiple applications of our services. Each year, we process over 200,000 samples and over half a million determinations, with an error-free rate better than 99.99%. Our Services We offer a full complement of nuclear counting and chemical processing methods, including microwave/hot block digestion of solids; alpha pulse height analyzer (PHA), gamma PHA and liquid scintillation counter, diode array spectrophotometer, ICP emission spectrometer, ICP mass spectrometer, thermal ionization mass spectrometer, chemical titrators, and IR analyzer. In addition, we offer unique environmental and industrial hygiene analytical services, including rapid analysis of radiological contaminants in water, soil, and human matrices; Radiological American Industrial Hygiene Association-accredited beryllium, lead, other metals, hexavalent chromium, and asbestos analyses.
Each of the hypothetical accident test cases for the 9977 prototypes was included in the battery of finite element structural analyses performed for the package. Comparison of the experimental and analytical results provides a means of confirming that the analytical model correctly represents the physical behavior of the package. The ability of the analytical model to correctly predict the performance of the foam overpack material for the crush test is of particular interest. The dissipation of energy in the crushing process determines the deceleration of the package upon impact and the duration of the impact. In addition, if the analytical model correctly models the foam behavior, the predicted deformation of the package will match that measured on the test articles. This study compares the deformations of the test packages with the analytical predictions. In addition, the impact acceleration and impact duration for the test articles are compared with those predicted by the analyses.
Smith, A; Tsu-Te Wu, T
A methodology for design, test, and evaluation of real-time systems
This article presents a methodology that is suitable for use as part of either a prototyping approach or a component-reuse approach. This methodology integrates modeling and simulation as well as developmental and operational testing over the life cycle. ...
Kenneth D. Shere; Rachelle A. Carlson
Estimation, Economic methodology
In this paper I analyse the main strengths and weaknesses of agent-based computational models. I first describe how agent-based simulations can complement more traditional modelling techniques. Then, I rationalise the main theoretical critiques against the use of simulation, which point to the following problematic areas: (i) interpretation of the simulation dynamics, (ii) estimation of the simulation model, and (iii) generalisation of the results. I show that there exist solutions for all these issues. Along the way, I clarify some confounding differences in terminology between the computer science and the economic literature.
Matteo Richiardi; Laboratorio Riccardo; Revelli Centre; Employment Studies; I'm Indebted Francesco Devicienti; Roberto Leombruni; Bruno Contini For Their
An Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology for Generation IV Nuclear Systems
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Risk and Safety Working Group (RSWG) was created to develop an effective approach for the safety of Generation IV advanced nuclear energy systems. Early work of the RSWG focused on defining a safety philosophy founded on lessons learned from current and prior generations of nuclear technologies, and on identifying technology characteristics that may help achieve Generation IV safety goals. More recent RSWG work has focused on the definition of an integrated safety assessment methodology for evaluating the safety of Generation IV systems. The methodology, tentatively called ISAM, is an integrated "toolkit" consisting of analytical techniques that are available and matched to appropriate stages of Generation IV system concept development. The integrated methodology is intended to yield safety-related insights that help actively drive the evolving design throughout the technology development cycle, potentially resulting in enhanced safety, reduced costs, and shortened development time.
Timothy J. Leahy
Transient Climate Response in a Two-Layer Energy-Balance Model. Part I: Analytical Solution and Parameter Calibration Using CMIP5 AOGCM Experiments
This is the first part of a series of two articles analyzing the global thermal properties of atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation models (AOGCMs) within the framework of a two-layer energy-balance model (EBM). In this part, the general ...
O. Geoffroy; D. Saint-Martin; D. J. L. Olivié; A. Voldoire; G. Bellon; S. Tytéca
Nuclear Material Dissolution from Destructive Analysis Measurements Nuclear Material Dissolution from Destructive Analysis Measurements Overview The Savannah River Site F/H Laboratories perform nuclear material dissolution of Pu/U oxides and metals plus Np oxide to support site productions/remediation projects. Nuclear material dissolutions are performed in glovebox containment via microwaves, hot blocks and hot plates. Resulting solutions are aliquotted for a variety of elemental and compound analyses. Features Varying sample size (100 mg - 30 g) High temperature digestions up to 200°C computer-controlled temperature and pressure dissolutions Excellent analyte recovery in destructive analysis Commercially-available electronic equipment with trained operators capable of handling high alpha activity levels (facility source term limit of 310 Alpha Curies)
Appendix C, Analytical Data | Department of Energy
C, Analytical Data Appendix C, Analytical Data Docket No. EO-05-01: Appendix C, Analytical Data from Final Report: Particulate Emissions Testing, Unit 1, Potomac River Generating...
Towards a Methodology for Developing Agent-Based Simulations: The MASim Methodology
This paper presents the general aspects of the MASim methodology, aimed for the development of agent-based simulations. MASim employs features common to the development of agent-based software as well as to the development of simulation models. It also borrows concepts used in mainstream of the software engineering process. 1
André M. C. Campos
Statistically Qualified Neuro-Analytic system and Method for Process Monitoring
An apparatus and method for monitoring a process involves development and application of a statistically qualified neuro-analytic (SQNA) model to accurately and reliably identify process change. The development of the SQNA model is accomplished in two steps: deterministic model adaption and stochastic model adaptation. Deterministic model adaption involves formulating an analytic model of the process representing known process characteristics,augmenting the analytic model with a neural network that captures unknown process characteristics, and training the resulting neuro-analytic model by adjusting the neural network weights according to a unique scaled equation emor minimization technique. Stochastic model adaptation involves qualifying any remaining uncertainty in the trained neuro-analytic model by formulating a likelihood function, given an error propagation equation, for computing the probability that the neuro-analytic model generates measured process output. Preferably, the developed SQNA model is validated using known sequential probability ratio tests and applied to the process as an on-line monitoring system.
Vilim, Richard B.; Garcia, Humberto E.; Chen, Frederick W.
The Slow Sea Surface Temperature Mode and the Fast-Wave Limit: Analytic Theory for Tropical Interannual Oscillations and Experiments in a Hybrid Coupled Model
A modified shallow water model with simplified mixed layer dynamics and a sea surface temperature (SST) equation is employed to gain a theoretical understanding of the modes and mechanisms of coupled air-sea interaction in the tropics. ...
J. David Neelin
Analytical and Numerical Studies of the Beta-Effect in Tropical Cyclone Motion. Part I: Zero Mean Flow
The ?-effect on tropical cyclone motion is studied using an analytical as well as a numerical model in a nondivergent barotropic framework. The analytical model and the linear version of the numerical model give essentially the same result: the ...
Johnny C. L. Chan; R. T. Williams
Analytical Improvements in PV Degradation Rate Determination
As photovoltaic (PV) penetration of the power grid increases, it becomes vital to know how decreased power output may affect cost over time. In order to predict power delivery, the decline or degradation rates must be determined accurately. For non-spectrally corrected data several complete seasonal cycles (typically 3-5 years) are required to obtain reasonably accurate degradation rates. In a rapidly evolving industry such a time span is often unacceptable and the need exists to determine degradation rates accurately in a shorter period of time. Occurrence of outliers and data shifts are two examples of analytical problems leading to greater uncertainty and therefore to longer observation times. In this paper we compare three methodologies of data analysis for robustness in the presence of outliers, data shifts and shorter measurement time periods.
Jordan, D. C.; Kurtz, S. R.
Model documentation renewable fuels module of the National Energy Modeling System
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and design of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Renewable Fuels Module (RFM) as it relates to the production of the 1997 Annual Energy Outlook forecasts. The report catalogues and describes modeling assumptions, computational methodologies, data inputs. and parameter estimation techniques. A number of offline analyses used in lieu of RFM modeling components are also described. This documentation report serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document for model analysts, model users, and the public interested in the construction and application of the RFM. Second, it meets the legal requirement of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its models. Finally, such documentation facilitates continuity in EIA model development by providing information sufficient to perform model enhancements and data updates as part of EIA`s ongoing mission to provide analytical and forecasting information systems.
ICTASDiscoveryAnalyticsCenter Sustainable
IDAC ICTASDiscoveryAnalyticsCenter Nanoscale Science Nano-Bio Interface Sustainable Energy on the basis of race, gender, disability, age, veteran status, national origin, religion, sexual orientation
Beex, A. A. "Louis"
NERSC Job Logs and Analytics
& Allocations Policies Data Analytics & Visualization Science Gateways User Surveys NERSC Users Group User Announcements Help Operations for: Passwords & Off-Hours Status...
Analytical soft error models accounting for die-to-die and within-die variations in sub-threshold SRAM cells
Sub-threshold SRAM cells are attractive because of their low leakage power and low access energy. However, the susceptibility of sub-threshold SRAM cells to soft errors is high due to their low supply voltage, high density, and shrinking geometry. Moreover, ... Keywords: circuit modeling and optimization, critical charge, process variation, soft error rate (SER), sub-threshold SRAM
Hassan Mostafa; Mohab H. Anis; Mohamed Elmasry
ModelCentric Smart Grid Workshop: From Hard Dollar Justification to RealTime Control and the Analytics That Make It Possible
Agenda ModelCentric Smart Grid Workshop: From Hard Dollar Justification to RealTime Control managers and technical personnel involved with smart grid activities. The second day takes a deeper dive:30 p.m. Smart Grid "harddollar" value streams  an incremental value approach Efficiency
Ohta, Shigemi
(Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process)
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a methodology proposed by T.L. Saaty, USA, in 1977, in finding solutions to unstructured decision problems. This first International Symposium was sponsored by the Systems Engineering Society of China, the Operations Research Society of China, the Operations Research Society of Japan, and the National Science Foundation of the USA. This symposium was held at Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, during September 6--9, 1988. There were more than 160 participants, with about 15 from the United States, 7 from Japan, one from USSR, one from Finland, and one from Canada. During the last three years, this methodology was used extensively in the People's Republic of China by decision makers, and books are published on this topic along with the development of computer software. More than 200 papers seem to be in print. The Program Committee, of which I am a member, recommended to hold the Second International Conference on AHP in 1991 at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. The latest developments summarized by computer software experts are relevant to the CO{sub 2} Project and CASE Tools Project at Oak Ridge.
Uppuluri, V.R.R.
Loads, capacity, and failure rate modeling
Both failure rate and load capacity (stress-strength) interferenece methodologies are employed in the reliability analysis at nuclear facilities. Both of the above have been utilized in a heuristic failure rate model in terms of load capacity inference. Analytical solutions are used to demonstrate that infant mortality and random aging failures may be expressed implicity in terms of capacity variability, load variability, and capacity deterioration, and that mode interactions play a role in the formation of the bathtub curve for failure rates.
Lewis, E.E.; Chen, Hsin-Chieh
Statistical Analysis Methodology for Predicting Impact of Operation Factors on Boiler Availability
As utilities strive to achieve higher reliability and lower operating and maintenance costs for their fossil-fired power plants, ever-changing operating conditions provide even greater challenges in meeting those objectives. This report summarizes an analytical methodology to quantify the cause-and-effect relationships that exist between operating conditions and boiler component reliability. The methodology is based on standard statistical correlations that are derived through application of commercially...
Challenges in Implementing Methodologies for Nonproliferation Assessments
A handful of models for explaining and predicting States' development of nuclear weapons programs have been proposed since the 1970s. Despite the array of techno-social variables and computational concepts employed in these models, no model has yet been established as an agreed-upon standard. Likewise, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)—one of the main institutions evaluating social, political, and technological information for assessments of States' current nuclear capabilities—uses only a qualitative framework by which to evaluate such information to assess the correctness and completeness of a State's declaration. In this paper, analysts familiar with both the development of techno-social modelling and the IAEA's implementation of a safeguards system that is information driven discuss the challenges faced in the development, implementation, and evaluation of models and methodologies for nonproliferation assessments, based on experiences at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the IAEA.
Gastelum, Zoe N.; Dalton, Angela C.; Coles, Garill A.
Analytical laboratory quality audits
Analytical Laboratory Quality Audits are designed to improve laboratory performance. The success of the audit, as for many activities, is based on adequate preparation, precise performance, well documented and insightful reporting, and productive follow-up. Adequate preparation starts with definition of the purpose, scope, and authority for the audit and the primary standards against which the laboratory quality program will be tested. The scope and technical processes involved lead to determining the needed audit team resources. Contact is made with the auditee and a formal audit plan is developed, approved and sent to the auditee laboratory management. Review of the auditee's quality manual, key procedures and historical information during preparation leads to better checklist development and more efficient and effective use of the limited time for data gathering during the audit itself. The audit begins with the opening meeting that sets the stage for the interactions between the audit team and the laboratory staff. Arrangements are worked out for the necessary interviews and examination of processes and records. The information developed during the audit is recorded on the checklists. Laboratory management is kept informed of issues during the audit so there are no surprises at the closing meeting. The audit report documents whether the management control systems are effective. In addition to findings of nonconformance, positive reinforcement of exemplary practices provides balance and fairness. Audit closure begins with receipt and evaluation of proposed corrective actions from the nonconformances identified in the audit report. After corrective actions are accepted, their implementation is verified. Upon closure of the corrective actions, the audit is officially closed.
Kelley, William D.
Adsorption–desorption noise in plasmonic chemical/biological sensors for multiple analyte environment
We investigated intrinsic noise in plasmonic sensors caused by adsorption and desorption of gaseous analytes on the sensor surface. We analyzed a general situation when there is a larger number of different analyte species. We applied our model to calculate ...
Olga Jakši?; Zoran Jakši?; Jovan Matovi?
Explanatory Business Analytics in OLAP
In this paper the authors describe a method to integrate explanatory business analytics in OLAP information systems. This method supports the discovery of exceptional values in OLAP data and the explanation of such values by giving their underlying causes. ... Keywords: Business Analytics, Exception Reporting, Explanation, OLAP, Variance Analysis
Emiel Caron, Hennie Daniels
Development of a dual-porosity model for vapor-dominated fractured geothermal reservoirs using a semi-analytical fracture/matrix interaction term
A new type of dual-porosity model is being developed to simulate two-phase flow processes in fractured geothermal reservoirs. At this time it is assumed that the liquid phase in the matrix blocks remains immobile. By utilizing the effective compressibility of a two-phase water/steam mixture in a porous rock, flow within the matrix blocks can be modeled by a single diffusion equation. This equation in turn is replaced by a non-linear ordinary differential equation that utilizes the mean pressure and mean saturation in the matrix blocks to calculate the rate of fluid flow between the matrix blocks and fractures. This equation has been incorporated into the numerical simulator TOUGH to serve as a source/sink term for computational gridblocks that represent the fracture system. The new method has been compared with solutions obtained using fully-discretized matrix blocks, on a problem involving a three-dimensional vapor-dominated reservoir containing an injection and a production well, and has been found to be quite accurate.
Zimmerman, R.W.; Hadgu, T.; Bodvarsson, G.S.
Technosocial Predictive Analytics for Illicit Nuclear Trafficking
Illicit nuclear trafficking networks are a national security threat. These networks can directly lead to nuclear proliferation, as state or non-state actors attempt to identify and acquire nuclear weapons-related expertise, technologies, components, and materials. The ability to characterize and anticipate the key nodes, transit routes, and exchange mechanisms associated with these networks is essential to influence, disrupt, interdict or destroy the function of the networks and their processes. The complexities inherent to the characterization and anticipation of illicit nuclear trafficking networks requires that a variety of modeling and knowledge technologies be jointly harnessed to construct an effective analytical and decision making workflow in which specific case studies can be built in reasonable time and with realistic effort. In this paper, we explore a solution to this challenge that integrates evidentiary and dynamic modeling with knowledge management and analytical gaming, and demonstrate its application to a geopolitical region at risk.
Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Butner, R. Scott; Cowell, Andrew J.; Dalton, Angela C.; Haack, Jereme N.; Kreyling, Sean J.; Riensche, Roderick M.; White, Amanda M.; Whitney, Paul D.
Mass Conservation Considerations in Analytic Representation of Raindrop Fragment Distributions
Model formulation of drop breakup requires a set of analytic functions to describe the size distribution of water fragments that result from the collision of two raindrops of arbitrary diameter. The set of fragment distribution functions derived ...
Philip S. Brown Jr.
Hot Water Distribution System Model Enhancements
This project involves enhancement of the HWSIM distribution system model to more accurately model pipe heat transfer. Recent laboratory testing efforts have indicated that the modeling of radiant heat transfer effects is needed to accurately characterize piping heat loss. An analytical methodology for integrating radiant heat transfer was implemented with HWSIM. Laboratory test data collected in another project was then used to validate the model for a variety of uninsulated and insulated pipe cases (copper, PEX, and CPVC). Results appear favorable, with typical deviations from lab results less than 8%.
Hoeschele, M.; Weitzel, E.
ANALYTICAL DATA SHEET hlul ANALYTICAL DEPT. - HEALTH ANI SAFETY...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
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Modelling energy systems: a methodological exploration of
REPORT For Selected Biofuel Production Projects Awarded Funding Through the Alternative and Renewable Health Impacts Report for Selected Biofuel Production Plants awarded Funding Through the Alternative will be created in Stanislaus County in industries such as wholesale trade, food service, real estate
Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit
A multiobjective, multidisciplinary design optimization methodology for the conceptual design of distributed satellite systems
A multiobjective, multidisciplinary design optimization methodology for mathematically modeling the distributed satellite system (DSS) conceptual design problem as an optimization problem has been developed to advance the ...
Jilla, Cyrus D., 1974-
BWRVIP-189: BWR Vessel and Internals Project, Evaluation of RAMA Fluence Methodology Calculational Uncertainty
This report documents the overall calculational uncertainty associated with the application of the Radiation Application Modeling Application (RAMA) Fluence Methodology to BWR reactor pressure vessel fluence evaluations.
Guide for prioritizing power plant productivity improvement projects: handbook of availability improvement methodology
As part of its program to help improve electrical power plant productivity, the Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a methodology for evaluating productivity improvement projects. This handbook presents a simplified version of this methodology called the Availability Improvement Methodology (AIM), which provides a systematic approach for prioritizing plant improvement projects. Also included in this handbook is a description of data taking requirements necessary to support the AIM methodology, benefit/cost analysis, and root cause analysis for tracing persistent power plant problems. In applying the AIM methodology, utility engineers should be mindful that replacement power costs are frequently greater for forced outages than for planned outages. Equivalent availability includes both. A cost-effective ranking of alternative plant improvement projects must discern between those projects which will reduce forced outages and those which might reduce planned outages. As is the case with any analytical procedure, engineering judgement must be exercised with respect to results of purely mathematical calculations.
Improved methodology to assess modification and completion of landfill gas management in the aftercare period
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Performance-based evaluation of landfill gas control system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Analytical framework to evaluate transition from active to passive gas control. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Focus on cover oxidation as an alternative means of passive gas control. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Integrates research on long-term landfill behavior with practical guidance. - Abstract: Municipal solid waste landfills represent the dominant option for waste disposal in many parts of the world. While some countries have greatly reduced their reliance on landfills, there remain thousands of landfills that require aftercare. The development of cost-effective strategies for landfill aftercare is in society's interest to protect human health and the environment and to prevent the emergence of landfills with exhausted aftercare funding. The Evaluation of Post-Closure Care (EPCC) methodology is a performance-based approach in which landfill performance is assessed in four modules including leachate, gas, groundwater, and final cover. In the methodology, the objective is to evaluate landfill performance to determine when aftercare monitoring and maintenance can be reduced or possibly eliminated. This study presents an improved gas module for the methodology. While the original version of the module focused narrowly on regulatory requirements for control of methane migration, the improved gas module also considers best available control technology for landfill gas in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, and emissions of odoriferous compounds. The improved module emphasizes the reduction or elimination of fugitive methane by considering the methane oxidation capacity of the cover system. The module also allows for the installation of biologically active covers or other features designed to enhance methane oxidation. A methane emissions model, CALMIM, was used to assist with an assessment of the methane oxidation capacity of landfill covers.
Morris, Jeremy W.F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Geosyntec Consultants, 10220 Old Columbia Road, Suite A, Columbia, MD 21046 (United States); Crest, Marion, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Suez Environnement, 38 rue du President Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq (France); Barlaz, Morton A., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Campus Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908 (United States); Spokas, Kurt A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, 439 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108 (United States); Akerman, Anna, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [SITA France, Tour CB 21, 16 Place de l'Iris, 92040 Paris La Defense Cedex (France); Yuan, Lei, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Geosyntec Consultants, 10220 Old Columbia Road, Suite A, Columbia, MD 21046 (United States)
Bearing Analytics | Department of Energy
Bearing Analytics Bearing Analytics National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition 2013 355 likes Bearing Analytics Purdue University Avoidable bearing failures cost the US industrial economy $50B in damage and downtime every year. Current bearing health monitoring systems do not adequately detect failure until it is too late. Bearing Analytics offers a patent-pending micro-sensor technology that monitors temperature and vibration directly on the bearing cage helping predict performance degradation and impending failure while improving operating, performance, and energy efficiencies. Our technology does all of that with a better accuracy, faster response time, and increased reliability over any other competing solution today. We intend to target the wind turbine industry as our initial target point
Computing $\\pi(x)$ Analytically
We describe a rigorous implementation of the Lagarias and Odlyzko Analytic Method to evaluate the prime counting function and its use to compute unconditionally the number of primes less than $10^{24}$.
Platt, David J
Video Analytics for Business Intelligence
Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) cameras have been increasingly deployed pervasively in public spaces including retail centres and shopping malls. Intelligent video analytics aims to automatically analyze content of massive amount of public space video ...
Caifeng Shan; Fatih Porikli; Tao Xiang; Shaogang Gong
Validation of the Home Energy Saver Energy Calculation Methodology: Using
Validation of the Home Energy Saver Energy Calculation Methodology: Using Validation of the Home Energy Saver Energy Calculation Methodology: Using Empirical Data to Improve Simulation Speaker(s): Danny Parker Date: August 6, 2013 - 12:00pm - 1:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Evan Mills The Home Energy Saver (HES) suite - developed by EETD researchers - offers popular online simulation tools that enable U.S. homeowners and energy professionals to rigorously evaluate home energy use and develop recommendations on how energy can be saved across all end uses. The underlying analytical system is also available as a web service to power third-party energy analysis tools. Given the system's diverse uses, it is important that the simulation is robust and accurate. While the HES engineering methods are extensively documented and subjected to peer
Methodology for Fleet Deployment Decisions
Utilities can apply a rigorous, optimized methodology for creating deployment plans for their fossil power plants. These deployment plans maximize corporate-wide value under various business environments. Case studies at Consolidated Edison of New York and Central Illinois Public Service Company (CIPS) refined the approach and confirmed its merit for evaluating fleet deployment decisions.
M&S methodological challenges
M&S provides a formal way to generate or test existing knowledge. Like mathematics, M&S provides an apparatus for deduction while generating data that can be used for statistical inference. However, unlike mathematics, M&S's formal approach varies from ... Keywords: epistemology, methodology, philosophy
Jose J. Padilla, Andreas Tolk, Saikou Y. Diallo
Table 2Â Â Â Summary of metal stamping codes by integration algorithm...explicit LS-DYNA, PAM-STAMP, OPTRIS, RADIOSS, LLNL-DYNA, ABAQUS/Explicit,
Model documentation report: Transportation sector model of the National Energy Modeling System
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Transportation Model (TRAN). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated by the model. This document serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description of TRAN for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirements of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its statistical and forecast reports (Public Law 93-275, 57(b)(1)). Third, it permits continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements.
Spent fuel management fee methodology and computer code user's manual.
The methodology and computer model described here were developed to analyze the cash flows for the federal government taking title to and managing spent nuclear fuel. The methodology has been used by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to estimate the spent fuel disposal fee that will provide full cost recovery. Although the methodology was designed to analyze interim storage followed by spent fuel disposal, it could be used to calculate a fee for reprocessing spent fuel and disposing of the waste. The methodology consists of two phases. The first phase estimates government expenditures for spent fuel management. The second phase determines the fees that will result in revenues such that the government attains full cost recovery assuming various revenue collection philosophies. These two phases are discussed in detail in subsequent sections of this report. Each of the two phases constitute a computer module, called SPADE (SPent fuel Analysis and Disposal Economics) and FEAN (FEe ANalysis), respectively.
Engel, R.L.; White, M.K.
Analytical Division Seed Oil Translation Table
seed oil translation table nomencalture Analytical Division Seed Oil Translation Table Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry aocs articles atomic)FluorometryDifferential scanning calorimetry chemistry Chromatography (liquid detergents esters fats fo
Incorporating qualitative objectives in integrated resource planning: Application of analytic hierarchy process and compromise programming
This article proposes a multiobjective methodology for the integrated resource planning (IRP) problem using a combined analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-compromise programming (CP) model. Six objectives, of which five are qualitative in nature, have been considered to select demand and supply-side resources for meeting future electricity demand. The quantitative objective (viz., cost) is employed directly in the CP model. AHP priorities are derived for the qualitative objectives (e.g., technological maturity) after eliciting expert judgments. These priorities are employed as coefficients of the decision variables in the objective functions corresponding to the qualitative objectives of the model. The two distinct advantages of this method are (1) explicit consideration of all important qualitative and quantitative aspects of demand-side management (DSM) and supply-side options, and (2) consideration of specific characteristics of various types of DSM options. An illustrative application is provided for an Indian utility (Maharashtra State Electricity System) for its integrated resource plan for the period 1990--2000. The results show that the AHP-CP model incorporating qualitative objectives selects a different portfolio of DSM and supply options, as compared with single-criterion solutions. Compromise among the conflicting objectives leads to significant cost savings as well as qualitative benefits like improved system reliability, reduced environmental impact, fewer problems related to fuel supply, and shorter project installation times.
Koundinya, S.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Ramanathan, R. [Indira Gandhi Inst. of Development Research, Bombay (India)
The stringent emissions standards of 2007 and beyond require complex engine, aftertreatment and vehicle systems with a high degree of sub-system interaction and flexible control solutions. This necessitates a system-based approach to technology development, in addition to individual sub-system optimization. Analytical tools can provide an effective means to evaluate and develop such complex technology interactions as well as understand phenomena that is either too expensive or impossible to study with conventional experimental means. The analytical effort can also guide experimental development and thus lead to efficient utilization of available experimental resources.A suite of analytical models has been developed to represent PM and NOx aftertreatment sub-systems. These models range from computationally inexpensive zero-dimensional models for real-time control applications to CFD-based, multi-dimensional models with detailed temporal and spatial resolution. Such models in conjunction with well established engine modeling tools such as engine cycle simulation, engine controls modeling, CFD models of non-combusting and combusting flow, and vehicle models provide a comprehensive analytical toolbox for complete engine, aftertreatment and vehicle sub-systems development and system integration applications. However, the fidelity of aftertreatment models and application going forward is limited by the lack of fundamental kinetic data.
Bolton, B; Fan, A; Goney, K; Pavlova-MacKinnon, Z; Sisken, K; Zhang, H
Hybrid electric vehicle technology assessment : methodology, analytical issues, and interim results.
This report presents the results of the first phase of Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL's) examination of the costs and energy impacts of light-duty hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). We call this research an HEV Technology Assessment, or HEVTA. HEVs are vehicles with drivetrains that combine electric drive components (electric motor, electricity storage) with a refuelable power plant (e.g., an internal combustion engine). The use of hybrid drivetrains is widely considered a key technology strategy in improving automotive fuel efficiency. Two hybrid vehicles--Toyota's Prius and Honda's Insight--have been introduced into the U.S. market, and all three auto industry participants in the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) have selected hybrid drivetrains for their prototype vehicles.
Plotkin, S.; Santini, D.; Vyas, A.; Anderson, J.; Wang, M.; Bharathan, D.; He, J.
Voltage and Power Stability of HVDC Systems – Emerging Issues and New Analytical Methodologies
Traditionally HVDC links have been built as single pointto-point AC/DC interconnections, or single-infeed HVDC systems as they are commonly known. However in recent years, as the use of HVDC transmission continues to develop situations have arisen where multiple HVDC links terminate in close proximity in a common AC system area. These emerging system configurations, generally known as multi-infeed HVDC systems, are particularly inherent in regional power systems predominantly interconnected by HVDC links. Already such configurations are apparent in the Scandinavian and North European power system interconnection. Elsewhere in rapidly industrializing regions such as South America and the ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations), multi-infeed HVDC systems potentially
Denis Lee; Hau Aik; Göran Andersson
Analytical Chemistry Division. Annual progress report for period ending December 31, 1980
This report is divided into: analytical methodology; mass and emission spectrometry; technical support; bio/organic analysis; nuclear and radiochemical analysis; quality assurance, safety, and tabulation of analyses; supplementary activities; and presentation of research results. Separate abstracts were prepared for the technical support, bio/organic analysis, and nuclear and radiochemical analysis. (DLC)
Lyon, W.S. (ed.)
Analytical Chemistry Division annual progress report for period ending December 31, 1984
Progress reports are presented for the following sections: analytical methodology; mass and emission spectroscopy; radioactive materials analysis; bio/organic analysis; and general and environmental analysis; quality assurance, safety, and tabulation analyses. In addition a list of publications and oral presentations and supplemental activities are included.
Managing project risk using combined analytic hierarchy process and risk map
The main purpose of the study is to develop an integrated framework for managing project risks by analyzing risk across project, work package and activity levels, and developing responses. Design/methodology/approach: The study first reviews the literature ... Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, Hierarchical approach, Oil pipeline construction, Project risk management
Prasanta Kumar Dey
Reports of the AAAI 2009 Spring Symposia: Technosocial Predictive Analytics.
The Technosocial Predictive Analytics AAAI symposium was held at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, March 23-25, 2009. The goal of this symposium was to explore new methods for anticipatory analytical thinking that provide decision advantage through the integration of human and physical models. Special attention was also placed on how to leverage supporting disciplines to (a) facilitate the achievement of knowledge inputs, (b) improve the user experience, and (c) foster social intelligence through collaborative/competitive work.
Sanfilippo, Antonio P.
A Simplified Methodology for Estimating the Pressure Buildup and Hydrogen Concentration Within a 2R/6M Container
A simplified and bounding methodology for analyzing the pressure buildup and hydrogen concentration within an unvented 2R container was developed (the 2R is a sealed container within a 6M package). The specific case studied was the gas buildup due to alpha radiolysis of water moisture sorbed on small quantities (less than 20 Ci per package) of plutonium oxide. Analytical solutions for gas pressure buildup and hydrogen concentration within the unvented 2R container were developed. Key results indicated that internal pressure buildup would not be significant for a wide range of conditions. Hydrogen concentrations should also be minimal but are difficult to quantify due to a large variation/uncertainty in model parameters. Additional assurance of non-flammability can be obtained by the use of an inert backfill gas in the 2R container.
This Methodology Booklet provides a comprehensive review and methodology guiding principles for constructing energy efficiency indicators, with illustrative examples of application to individual countries. It reviews work done by international agencies and national government in constructing meaningful energy efficiency indicators that help policy makers to assess changes in energy efficiency over time. Building on past OECD experience and best practices, and the knowledge of these countries' institutions, relevant sources of information to construct an energy indicator database are identified. A framework based on levels of hierarchy of indicators -- spanning from aggregate, macro level to disaggregated end-use level metrics -- is presented to help shape the understanding of assessing energy efficiency. In each sector of activity: industry, commercial, residential, agriculture and transport, indicators are presented and recommendations to distinguish the different factors affecting energy use are highlighted. The methodology booklet addresses specifically issues that are relevant to developing indicators where activity is a major factor driving energy demand. A companion spreadsheet tool is available upon request.
Sathaye, Jayant; Price, Lynn; McNeil, Michael; de la rue du Can, Stephane
Analytical Dashboards | Department of Energy
Reporting » Analytical Dashboards Reporting » Analytical Dashboards Analytical Dashboards Public Final Occurrence Reports: Searchable information on DOE's Final Occurrence Reports since 2009, available to the public and updated daily. Computerized Accident Incident Reporting System (CAIRS) - Injury and Illness Dashboard: The Injury and Illness Dashboard is a tool that allows users to easily explore DOE occupational safety and health injury and illness information. Its features include: Graphical and tabular depictions of injury and illness information Calendar year and fiscal year incidence rates for DOE and DOE contractor total recordable cases (TRC) of injuries and illnesses and cases involving days away from work or on job transfer or restriction (DART) due to injury or illness Incidence rates of injuries and illnesses by DOE program
Ecologic Analytics | Open Energy Information
Ecologic Analytics Ecologic Analytics Jump to: navigation, search Name Ecologic Analytics Place Bloomington, Minnesota Zip 55425 Product Minnesota-based meter data management company. Coordinates 42.883574°, -90.926122° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.883574,"lon":-90.926122,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
A semi-analytical model for heat and mass transfer in geothermal reservoirs to estimate fracture surface-are-to-volume ratios and thermal breakthrough using thermally-decaying and diffusing tracers
A semi-analytical model was developed to conduct rapid scoping calculations of responses of thermally degrading and diffusing tracers in multi-well tracer tests in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). The model is based on an existing Laplace transform inversion model for solute transport in dual-porosity media. The heat- and mass-transfer calculations are decoupled and conducted sequentially, taking advantage of the fact that heat transfer between fractures and the rock matrix is much more rapid than mass transfer and therefore mass transfer will effectively occur in a locally isothermal system (although the system will be nonisothermal along fracture flow pathways, which is accounted for by discretizing the flow pathways into multiple segments that have different temperature histories). The model takes advantage of the analogies between heat and mass transfer, solving the same governing equations with k{sub m}/({rho}C{sub p}){sub w} being substituted for {phi}D{sub m} in the equation for fracture transport and k{sub m}/({rho}C{sub p}){sub m} being subsituted for D{sub m} in the equation for matrix transport; where k = thermal conductivity (cal/cm-s-K), {rho} = density (g/cm{sup 3}), C{sub p} = heat capacity (at constant pressure) (cal/g-K), {phi} = matrix porosity, and D = tracer diffusion coefficient (cm{sup 2}/s), with the subscripts w and m referring to water and matrix, respectively. A significant advantage of the model is that it executes in a fraction of second on a single-CPU personal computer, making it very amenable for parameter estimation algorithms that involve repeated runs to find global minima. The combined thermal-mass transport model was used to evaluate the ability to estimate when thermal breakthrough would occur in a multi-well EGS configuration using thermally degrading tracers. Calculations were conducted to evaluate the range of values of Arrhenius parameters, A and E{sub {alpha}} (pre-exponential factor, 1/s, and activation energy, cal/mol) required to obtain interpretable responses of thermally-degrading tracers that decay according to the rate constant k{sub d} = Ae{sup -E{sub {alpha}}/RT}, where k{sub d} = decay rate constant (1/s), R = ideal gas constant (1.987 cal/mol-K), and T = absolute temperature (K). It is shown that there are relatively narrow ranges of A and E{sub {alpha}} that will result in readily interpretable tracer responses for any given combination of ambient reservoir temperature and working fluid residence time in a reservoir. The combined model was also used to simulate the responses of conservative tracers with different diffusion coefficients as a way of estimating fracture surface-area-to-volume ratios (SA/V) in multi-well EGS systems. This method takes advantage of the fact that the differences in breakthrough curves of tracers with different matrix diffusion coefficients are a function of SA/V. The model accounts for differences in diffusion coefficients as a function of temperature so that tracer responses obtained at different times can be used to obtain consistent estimates of SA/V as the reservoir cools down. Some single-well applications of this approach are simulated with a numerical model to demonstrate the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of EGS stimulations before a second well is drilled.
Reimus, Paul W [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Appendix C Analytical Chemistry Data
Analytical Chemistry Data This page intentionally left blank Contents Section Analytical Data for Deleted Contaminants of Concern ............................................................. C1.O Mol~tezuma Creek Hardness Dat Surface Water Copper Data Summa ................ CI-9 Surface Water Radium-228 Dat Surface Water Radon-222 Data Summary ....................... ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . C l - I 2 Alluvial Ground Water Aln~noniuu~ as Nitrogen Data Summary ....................... . . . ................................ Cl-15 Alluvial Ground Water Cobalt Data Summary ........... Alluvial Ground Water Copper Data Sumrl Alluvial Ground Water Lead Data Su~nmary ................................. C1-19 Alluvial Ground Water Lead-210 Data Sutl~rnary
Reinforcement learning agents with primary knowledge designed by analytic hierarchy process
This paper presents a novel model of reinforcement learning agents. A feature of our learning agent model is to integrate analytic hierarchy process (AHP) into a standard reinforcement learning agent model, which consists of three modules: state recognition, ... Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, deadlock, profit sharing, pursuit problem, reinforcement learning, sokoban
Kengo Katayama; Takahiro Koshiishi; Hiroyuki Narihisa
An evaluation of market penetration forecasting methodologies for new residential and commercial energy technologies
Forecasting market penetration is an essential step in the development and assessment of new technologies. This report reviews several methodologies that are available for market penetration forecasting. The primary objective of this report is to help entrepreneurs understand these methodologies and aid in the selection of one or more of them for application to a particular new technology. This report also illustrates the application of these methodologies, using examples of new technologies, such as the heat pump, drawn from the residential and commercial sector. The report concludes with a brief discussion of some considerations in selecting a forecasting methodology for a particular situation. It must be emphasized that the objective of this report is not to construct a specific market penetration model for new technologies but only to provide a comparative evaluation of methodologies that would be useful to an entrepreneur who is unfamiliar with the range of techniques available. The specific methodologies considered in this report are as follows: subjective estimation methods, market surveys, historical analogy models, time series models, econometric models, diffusion models, economic cost models, and discrete choice models. In addition to these individual methodologies, which range from the very simple to the very complex, two combination approaches are also briefly discussed: (1) the economic cost model combined with the diffusion model and (2) the discrete choice model combined with the diffusion model. This discussion of combination methodologies is not meant to be exhaustive. Rather, it is intended merely to show that many methodologies often can complement each other. A combination of two or more different approaches may be better than a single methodology alone.
Raju, P.S.; Teotia, A.P.S.
EIA-914 Monthly Gas Production Report Methodology
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Monthly Gas Production Report Methodology Current as of April 2010 1 Much of the methodology described below was implemented in April 2010, and it was applied historically to all...
PARABOLIC EXHAUSTIONS AND ANALYTIC COVERINGS Finnur L´arusson January 31, 1993 Abstract. Let be a parabolic exhaustion on a Stein manifold X such that is strictly plurisubharmonic at its zeros. The metric to be parabolic because its logarithm is plurisubharmonic and satisfies the so-called Monge-Amp`ere equation
Lárusson, Finnur
Analytic properties of transition amplitudes
are vectors in Lorent z s pace . 10. Dirac y-mat r ' ces. It i s sually supposed that i ts precise f orm has no effe ct on the analytic pro~ rties of the integr , so t ha t i t suff i ces to t ake V = 1, al though under certain condit ions t his...
Landshoff, Peter Vincent
A BIO-INSPIRED METHODOLOGY FOR ARTIFICIAL OLFACTION. Joshua L. Hertz, Baranidharan Raman, Kurt D. Benkstein and Steve Semancik. ...
A Risk-Based Sensor Placement Methodology
A sensor placement methodology is proposed to solve the problem of optimal location of sensors or detectors to protect population against the exposure to and effects of known and/or postulated chemical, biological, and/or radiological threats. Historical meteorological data are used to characterize weather conditions as wind speed and direction pairs with the percentage of occurrence of the pairs over the historical period. The meteorological data drive atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling of the threats, the results of which are used to calculate population at risk against standard exposure levels. Sensor locations are determined via a dynamic programming algorithm where threats captured or detected by sensors placed in prior stages are removed from consideration in subsequent stages. Moreover, the proposed methodology provides a quantification of the marginal utility of each additional sensor or detector. Thus, the criterion for halting the iterative process can be the number of detectors available, a threshold marginal utility value, or the cumulative detection of a minimum factor of the total risk value represented by all threats.
Lee, Ronald W [ORNL; Kulesz, James J [ORNL
Methodology and a preliminary data base for examining the health risks of electricity generation from uranium and coal fuels
An analytical model was developed to assess and examine the health effects associated with the production of electricity from uranium and coal fuels. The model is based on a systematic methodology that is both simple and easy to check, and provides details about the various components of health risk. A preliminary set of data that is needed to calculate the health risks was gathered, normalized to the model facilities, and presented in a concise manner. Additional data will become available as a result of other evaluations of both fuel cycles, and they should be included in the data base. An iterative approach involving only a few steps is recommended for validating the model. After each validation step, the model is improved in the areas where new information or increased interest justifies such upgrading. Sensitivity analysis is proposed as the best method of using the model to its full potential. Detailed quantification of the risks associated with the two fuel cycles is not presented in this report. The evaluation of risks from producing electricity by these two methods can be completed only after several steps that address difficult social and technical questions. Preliminary quantitative assessment showed that several factors not considered in detail in previous studies are potentially important. 255 refs., 21 figs., 179 tabs.
El-Bassioni, A.A.
Pulse superimposition calculational methodology for estimating the subcritcality level of nuclear fuel assemblies.
One of the most reliable experimental methods for measuring the subcriticality level of a nuclear fuel assembly is the Sjoestrand method applied to the reaction rate generated from a pulsed neutron source. This study developed a new analytical methodology simulating the Sjoestrand method, which allows comparing the experimental and analytical reaction rates and the obtained subcriticality levels. In this methodology, the reaction rate is calculated due to a single neutron pulse using MCNP/MCNPX computer code or any other neutron transport code that explicitly simulates the delayed fission neutrons. The calculation simulates a single neutron pulse over a long time period until the delayed neutron contribution to the reaction rate is vanished. The obtained reaction rate is then superimposed to itself, with respect to the time, to simulate the repeated pulse operation until the asymptotic level of the reaction rate, set by the delayed neutrons, is achieved. The superimposition of the pulse to itself was calculated by a simple C computer program. A parallel version of the C program is used due to the large amount of data being processed, e.g. by the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The analytical results of this new calculation methodology have shown an excellent agreement with the experimental data available from the YALINA-Booster facility of Belarus. This methodology can be used to calculate Bell and Glasstone spatial correction factor.
Talamo, A.; Gohar, Y.; Rabiti, C.; Aliberti, G.; Kondev, F.; Smith, D.; Zhong, Z.; Kiyavitskaya, H.; Bournos, V; Fokov, Y.; Routkovskaya, C.; Serafimovich, I. (Nuclear Engineering Division); (INL); (Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research-Sosny)
Development of an Improved Methodology to Assess Potential Unconventional Gas Resources
Considering the important role played today by unconventional gas resources in North America and their enormous potential for the future around the world, it is vital to both policy makers and industry that the volumes of these resources and the impact of technology on these resources be assessed. To provide for optimal decision making regarding energy policy, research funding, and resource development, it is necessary to reliably quantify the uncertainty in these resource assessments. Since the 1970s, studies to assess potential unconventional gas resources have been conducted by various private and governmental agencies, the most rigorous of which was by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS employed a cell-based, probabilistic methodology which used analytical equations to calculate distributions of the resources assessed. USGS assessments have generally produced distributions for potential unconventional gas resources that, in our judgment, are unrealistically narrow for what are essentially undiscovered, untested resources. In this article, we present an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources. Our methodology is a stochastic approach that includes Monte Carlo simulation and correlation between input variables. Application of the improved methodology to the Uinta-Piceance province of Utah and Colorado with USGS data validates the means and standard deviations of resource distributions produced by the USGS methodology, but reveals that these distributions are not right skewed, as expected for a natural resource. Our investigation indicates that the unrealistic shape and width of the gas resource distributions are caused by the use of narrow triangular input parameter distributions. The stochastic methodology proposed here is more versatile and robust than the USGS analytic methodology. Adoption of the methodology, along with a careful examination and revision of input distributions, should allow a more realistic assessment of the uncertainty surrounding potential unconventional gas resources.
Salazar, Jesus; McVay, Duane A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Lee, W. John [Texas A and M University, Department of Petroleum Engineering, 3116 TAMU (United States)
of Structural Dynamics of Lagerwey LW-50/750 Wind Turbine," Wind En- gineering, Vol. 22, No. 6, 1998, pp. 253 is applied to a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine. The pa- per presents a new methodology for modeling, wind turbines, etc. Over the last decade the advent of composites and the pursuit to build lighter
Patil, Mayuresh
Cognitive Foundations for Visual Analytics
In this report, we provide an overview of scientific/technical literature on information visualization and VA. Topics discussed include an update and overview of the extensive literature search conducted for this study, the nature and purpose of the field, major research thrusts, and scientific foundations. We review methodologies for evaluating and measuring the impact of VA technologies as well as taxonomies that have been proposed for various purposes to support the VA community. A cognitive science perspective underlies each of these discussions.
Greitzer, Frank L.; Noonan, Christine F.; Franklin, Lyndsey
Microsoft Word - MethodologyFinal.doc
WaterSense Program WaterSense Program Methodology for National Water Savings Analysis Model Indoor Residential Water Use Michael McNeil, Camilla Dunham Whitehead, Virginie Letschert, and Mirka della Cava Water and Energy Technology Team Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA 94720 For the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency WaterSense Program February 2008 The work described in this paper was funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Planning Analysis, and Evaluation section in the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. i Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................
Evaluation of the use of engineering judgements applied to analytical human reliablity analysis methods (HRA)
Due to the scarcity of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) data, one of the key elements of any HRA analysis is use of engineering judgment. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) HRA Calculator guides the user through the steps of any HRA analysis and allows the user to choose among analytical HRA methods. It applies Accident Sequence Evaluation Program (ASEP), Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP), the HCR/ORE Correlation, and the Caused Based Decision Tree Method (CBDTM). This program is intended to produce consistent results among different analysts provided that the initial information is similar. Even with this analytical approach, an HRA analyst must still render several judgments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of engineering judgment applied to the quantification of post-initiator actions using the HRA Calculator. The Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station (CPSES) Level 1 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) HRA was used as a database for examples and numerical comparison. Engineering judgments were evaluated in the following ways: 1) Survey of HRA experts. Two surveys were completed, and the participants provided a range of different perspectives on how they individually apply engineering judgment. 2) Numerical comparison among the three methods. 3) Review of CPSES HRA and identification of judgments and the effects on the overall results of the database. The results of this study identified thirteen areas in which an HRA analyst must interpret and render judgments on how to quantify a Human Error Probability (HEP) and recommendations are provided on how current industry practitioners render these same judgments. The areas are: identification and definition of actions to be modeled, identification and definition of actions to be modeled, definition of critical actions, definition of cognitive portion of the action, choice of methodology, stress level, rule-, skill- or knowledge-based designation, timing information, training, procedures, human interactions with hardware, recoveries and dependencies within an action, and review of final HEP.
Kohlhepp, Katherine D.
Probabilistic fatigue methodology and wind turbine reliability
Wind turbines subjected to highly irregular loadings due to wind, gravity, and gyroscopic effects are especially vulnerable to fatigue damage. The objective of this study is to develop and illustrate methods for the probabilistic analysis and design of fatigue-sensitive wind turbine components. A computer program (CYCLES) that estimates fatigue reliability of structural and mechanical components has been developed. A FORM/SORM analysis is used to compute failure probabilities and importance factors of the random variables. The limit state equation includes uncertainty in environmental loading, gross structural response, and local fatigue properties. Several techniques are shown to better study fatigue loads data. Common one-parameter models, such as the Rayleigh and exponential models are shown to produce dramatically different estimates of load distributions and fatigue damage. Improved fits may be achieved with the two-parameter Weibull model. High b values require better modeling of relatively large stress ranges; this is effectively done by matching at least two moments (Weibull) and better by matching still higher moments. For this purpose, a new, four-moment {open_quotes}generalized Weibull{close_quotes} model is introduced. Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodology for design against fatigue is proposed and demonstrated using data from two horizontal-axis wind turbines. To estimate fatigue damage, wind turbine blade loads have been represented by their first three statistical moments across a range of wind conditions. Based on the moments {mu}{sub 1}{hor_ellipsis}{mu}{sub 3}, new {open_quotes}quadratic Weibull{close_quotes} load distribution models are introduced. The fatigue reliability is found to be notably affected by the choice of load distribution model.
Lange, C.H. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Energy Analytics | Open Energy Information
Energy Analytics Energy Analytics Place Brewster, New York Product New York-based energy management and curtailment company. Coordinates 48.099675°, -119.78091° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.099675,"lon":-119.78091,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Methodology for flammable gas evaluations
There are 177 radioactive waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site. The waste generates flammable gases. The waste releases gas continuously, but in some tanks the waste has shown a tendency to trap these flammable gases. When enough gas is trapped in a tank`s waste matrix, it may be released in a way that renders part or all of the tank atmosphere flammable for a period of time. Tanks must be evaluated against previously defined criteria to determine whether they can present a flammable gas hazard. This document presents the methodology for evaluating tanks in two areas of concern in the tank headspace:steady-state flammable-gas concentration resulting from continuous release, and concentration resulting from an episodic gas release.
Hopkins, J.D., Westinghouse Hanford
Commercial Energy and Cost Analysis Methodology | Building Energy Codes
Development » Commercial Development » Commercial Site Map Printable Version Development Commercial Residential Adoption Compliance Regulations Resource Center Commercial Energy and Cost Analysis Methodology The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) evaluates published model codes and standards to help states and local jurisdictions better understand the impacts of updating commercial building energy codes and standards. A methodology was used for evaluating the energy and economic performance of commercial energy codes and standards and proposed changes thereto. This method serves to ensure DOE proposals are both energy efficient and cost-effective. The DOE methodology contains two primary assessments: Energy savings Cost-effectiveness Energy and economic calculations are performed through a comparison of
A methodology for forecasting carbon dioxide flooding performance
A methodology was developed for forecasting carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding performance quickly and reliably. The feasibility of carbon dioxide flooding in the Dollarhide Clearfork "AB" Unit was evaluated using the methodology. This technique is very helpful when time and data resources are limited. The methodology consists of five tasks: 1) select a section of the reservoir with the most detailed geologic, reservoir, and production data, 2) perform material balance analysis for the selected section to determine 001? and the history of total expansion, voidage, and injectage, 3) establish an average 5-spot pattern within the selected section, 4) develop a black oil numerical simulation model for a quarter of the 5-spot pattern and simulate the primary and waterflood recovery processes, and 5) forecast carbon dioxide performance using Shell's Scoping model, Texaco's "PROPHET" model, and VIP miscible simulator. One of the major limitations of the methodology is that details of individual well performance and reservoir pressure and fluid saturation distributions in the project area are not available. Therefore, the forecast is limited to the average pattern and to the reservoir as a whole. Results of the Dollarhide Clearfork simulation study show that 9.7 % to 14.1 % of OOIP may be recovered by C02 flood in the selected section. It would require WAG injection cycles with a total fluid injection of 0.831 HCPV.
Marroquin Cabrera, Juan Carlos
Analytical Chemistry Division. Annual progress report for period ending December 31, 1981
The functions of the Analytical Chemistry Division fall into three general categories: (1) analytical research, development, and implementation; (2) programmatic research, development and utilization; (3) technical support. The Division is organized into five major sections each of which may carry out any type of work falling into the thre categories mentioned above. Chapters 1 through 5 of this report highlight progress within the five sections which are: analytical methodology; mass and emission spectrometry; analytical technical support; bio/organic analysis section; and nuclear and radiochemical analysis. A short summary introduces each chapter to indicate work scope. Information about quality assurance and safety programs is presented in Chapter 6, along with a tabulation of analyses rendered. Chapter 7 covers supplementary activities. Chapter 8 is on presentation of research results (publications, articles reviewed or referred for periodicals). Approximately 56 articles, 31 proceedings publications and 33 reports have been published, and 119 oral presentations given during this reporting period.
Lyon, W. S. [ed.
New Methodology for Estimating Fuel Economy by Vehicle Class
Office of Highway Policy Information to develop a new methodology to generate annual estimates of average fuel efficiency and number of motor vehicles registered by vehicle class for Table VM-1 of the Highway Statistics annual publication. This paper describes the new methodology developed under this effort and compares the results of the existing manual method and the new systematic approach. The methodology developed under this study takes a two-step approach. First, the preliminary fuel efficiency rates are estimated based on vehicle stock models for different classes of vehicles. Then, a reconciliation model is used to adjust the initial fuel consumption rates from the vehicle stock models and match the VMT information for each vehicle class and the reported total fuel consumption. This reconciliation model utilizes a systematic approach that produces documentable and reproducible results. The basic framework utilizes a mathematical programming formulation to minimize the deviations between the fuel economy estimates published in the previous year s Highway Statistics and the results from the vehicle stock models, subject to the constraint that fuel consumptions for different vehicle classes must sum to the total fuel consumption estimate published in Table MF-21 of the current year Highway Statistics. The results generated from this new approach provide a smoother time series for the fuel economies by vehicle class. It also utilizes the most up-to-date and best available data with sound econometric models to generate MPG estimates by vehicle class.
Chin, Shih-Miao [ORNL; Dabbs, Kathryn [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Hwang, Ho-Ling [ORNL
Analytical Methods for Measuring Mercury in Water, Sediment and Biota
Mercury (Hg) exists in a large number of physical and chemical forms with a wide range of properties. Conversion between these different forms provides the basis for mercury's complex distribution pattern in local and global cycles and for its biological enrichment and effects. Since the 1960's, the growing awareness of environmental mercury pollution has stimulated the development of more accurate, precise and efficient methods of determining mercury and its compounds in a wide variety of matrices. During recent years new analytical techniques have become available that have contributed significantly to the understanding of mercury chemistry in natural systems. In particular, these include ultra sensitive and specific analytical equipment and contamination-free methodologies. These improvements allow for the determination of total mercury as well as major species of mercury to be made in water, sediments and soils, and biota. Analytical methods are selected depending on the nature of the sample, the concentration levels of mercury, and what species or fraction is to be quantified. The terms "speciation" and "fractionation" in analytical chemistry were addressed by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) which published guidelines (Templeton et al., 2000) or recommendations for the definition of speciation analysis. "Speciation analysis is the analytical activity of identifying and/or measuring the quantities of one or more individual chemical species in a sample. The chemical species are specific forms of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. The speciation of an element is the distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system. In case that it is not possible to determine the concentration of the different individual chemical species that sum up the total concentration of an element in a given matrix, meaning it is impossible to determine the speciation, it is a useful practice to do fractionation instead. Fractionation is the process of classification of an analyte or a group of analytes from a certain sample according to physical (e.g. size, solubility) or chemical (e.g. bonding, reactivity) properties."
Lasorsa, Brenda K.; Gill, Gary A.; Horvat, Milena
Google Analytics | OpenEI Community
Google Analytics Home Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(287) Contributor 8 November, 2012 - 13:58 OpenEI dashboard Google Analytics mediawiki OpenEI statistics wiki OpenEI web...
Analytical Division Newsletter September 201/span>3
Read the September newsletter from the Analytical Division. Analytical Division Newsletter September 201/span>3 Membership Information achievement application award Awards distinguished division Divisions fats job Join lipid lipids Member member get a
Analytical Requirements for Petroleum Contaminated Soils
Analytical Requirements for Petroleum Contaminated Soils According to 20 NMAC 9.1.704 704. REQUIRED), or other applicable statutes. Page 1 of 1Analytical Requirements for Petroleum Contaminated Soils 4
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection a thermal-conscious system-level methodology to make energy-efficient voltage selection (VS) for nanometer), thermal resistance, are integrated and considered in our system models, and their impacts on energy
Wang, Yu
Data Intensive Architecture for Scalable Cyber Analytics
Cyber analysts are tasked with the identification and mitigation of network exploits and threats. These compromises are difficult to identify due to the characteristics of cyber communication, the volume of traffic, and the duration of possible attack. It is necessary to have analytical tools to help analysts identify anomalies that span seconds, days, and weeks. Unfortunately, providing analytical tools effective access to the volumes of underlying data requires novel architectures, which is often overlooked in operational deployments. Our work is focused on a summary record of communication, called a flow. Flow records are intended to summarize a communication session between a source and a destination, providing a level of aggregation from the base data. Despite this aggregation, many enterprise network perimeter sensors store millions of network flow records per day. The volume of data makes analytics difficult, requiring the development of new techniques to efficiently identify temporal patterns and potential threats. The massive volume makes analytics difficult, but there are other characteristics in the data which compound the problem. Within the billions of records of communication that transact, there are millions of distinct IP addresses involved. Characterizing patterns of entity behavior is very difficult with the vast number of entities that exist in the data. Research has struggled to validate a model for typical network behavior with hopes it will enable the identification of atypical behavior. Complicating matters more, typically analysts are only able to visualize and interact with fractions of data and have the potential to miss long term trends and behaviors. Our analysis approach focuses on aggregate views and visualization techniques to enable flexible and efficient data exploration as well as the capability to view trends over long periods of time. Realizing that interactively exploring summary data allowed analysts to effectively identify events, we utilized multidimensional OLAP data cubes. The data cube structure supports interactive analysis of summary data across multiple dimensions, such as location, time, and protocol. Cube technology also allows the analyst to drill-down into the underlying data set, when events of interest are identified and detailed analysis is required. Unfortunately, when creating these cubes, we ran into significant performance issues with our initial architecture, caused by a combination of the data volume and attribute characteristics. Overcoming, these issues required us to develop a novel, data intensive computing infrastructure. In particular, we ended up combining a Netezza Twin Fin data warehouse appliance, a solid state Fusion IO ioDrive, and the Tableau Desktop business intelligence analytic software. Using this architecture, we were able to analyze a month's worth of flow records comprising 4.9B records, totaling approximately 600GB of data. This paper describes our architecture, the challenges that we encountered, and the work that remains to deploy a fully generalized cyber analytical infrastructure.
Olsen, Bryan K.; Johnson, John R.; Critchlow, Terence J.
A Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Radiative Transfer System Using the Analytic Four-Stream Approximation
A coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model based on the analytic four-stream approximation has been developed. It is shown that this radiation model is computationally efficient and at the same time can achieve acceptable accuracy for ...
Wei-Liang Lee; K. N. Liou
Methodology for assessing systems materials requirements
A potential stumbling block to new system planning and design is imprecise, confusing, or contradictory data regarding materials - their availability and costs. A methodology is now available that removes this barrier by minimizing uncertainties regarding materials availability. Using this methodology, a planner can assess materials requirements more quickly, at lower cost, and with much greater confidence in the results. Developed specifically for energy systems, its potential application is much broader. This methodology and examples of its use are discussed.
Culver, D.H.; Teeter, R.R.; Jamieson, W.M.
An independent verification and validation of the Future Theater Level Model conceptual model
This report describes the methodology and results of independent verification and validation performed on a combat model in its design stage. The combat model is the Future Theater Level Model (FTLM), under development by The Joint Staff/J-8. J-8 has undertaken its development to provide an analysis tool that addresses the uncertainties of combat more directly than previous models and yields more rapid study results. The methodology adopted for this verification and validation consisted of document analyses. Included were detailed examination of the FTLM design documents (at all stages of development), the FTLM Mission Needs Statement, and selected documentation for other theater level combat models. These documents were compared to assess the FTLM as to its design stage, its purpose as an analytical combat model, and its capabilities as specified in the Mission Needs Statement. The conceptual design passed those tests. The recommendations included specific modifications as well as a recommendation for continued development. The methodology is significant because independent verification and validation have not been previously reported as being performed on a combat model in its design stage. The results are significant because The Joint Staff/J-8 will be using the recommendations from this study in determining whether to proceed with develop of the model.
Hartley, D.S. III; Kruse, K.L.; Martellaro, A.J.; Packard, S.L.; Thomas, B. Jr.; Turley, V.K.
Data, information and analytics as services
While organizations are trying to become more agile to better respond to market changes in the midst of rapidly globalizing competition by adopting service orientation-commoditization of business processes, architectures, software, infrastructures and ... Keywords: Agile analytics, Analytics-as-a-service, Business analytics, Cloud computing, Data-as-a-service, Information-as-a-service, Service-orientation
Dursun Delen, Haluk Demirkan
Using google analytics to explore ETDs use
This poster presents preliminary Google Analytics usage data for a collection of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). Correlation of page views with page type, user location, and source (referring link) shows that, during the study period, most ... Keywords: ETDs, evaluation, google analytics, usage, web analytics, web metrics
Midge Coates
An Integrated Framework for Parametric Design Using Building Energy Models
An Integrated Framework for Parametric Design Using Building Energy Models An Integrated Framework for Parametric Design Using Building Energy Models Speaker(s): Bryan Eisenhower Date: September 22, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Michael Wetter In this talk we will present a framework for analyses of building energy models including uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, optimization, calibration, and failure mode effect analysis. The methodology begins with efficient uniformly ergodic numerical sampling and regression analysis based on machine learning to derive an analytic representation of the full energy model (e.g. EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, etc). Once these steps are taken, and an analytical representation of the dynamics is obtained, multiple avenues for analysis are opened that were previously impeded by the
Discriminant Random Forest (DRF) Classification Methodology
Jupiter Laser Facility. ... State-of-the-art methodologies that perform this type of classification include Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and Random Forest.
Methodology for extracting local constants from petroleum cracking flows
A methodology provides for the extraction of local chemical kinetic model constants for use in a reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer code with chemical kinetic computations to optimize the operating conditions or design of the system, including retrofit design improvements to existing systems. The coupled CFD and kinetic computer code are used in combination with data obtained from a matrix of experimental tests to extract the kinetic constants. Local fluid dynamic effects are implicitly included in the extracted local kinetic constants for each particular application system to which the methodology is applied. The extracted local kinetic model constants work well over a fairly broad range of operating conditions for specific and complex reaction sets in specific and complex reactor systems. While disclosed in terms of use in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) riser, the inventive methodology has application in virtually any reaction set to extract constants for any particular application and reaction set formulation. The methodology includes the step of: (1) selecting the test data sets for various conditions; (2) establishing the general trend of the parametric effect on the measured product yields; (3) calculating product yields for the selected test conditions using coupled computational fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics; (4) adjusting the local kinetic constants to match calculated product yields with experimental data; and (5) validating the determined set of local kinetic constants by comparing the calculated results with experimental data from additional test runs at different operating conditions.
Chang, Shen-Lin (Woodridge, IL); Lottes, Steven A. (Naperville, IL); Zhou, Chenn Q. (Munster, IN)
Communicating Analytic Results: A Tutorial for Decision Consultants
Good analysis alone may not achieve the goals of decision analysis (DA) engagements. Good communication of the results of that analysis can help stakeholders understand, accept, and implement the recommended course of action. Practitioners can use decision-analytic ... Keywords: analysis, communication of decision analysis insights, decision analysis, decision consulting, modeling
Jeffrey M. Keisler; Patrick S. Noonan
Plant Component Assessment for Creep-Fatigue Damage: Component Assessment Methodologies
This report is part of an ongoing Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) project to document the current state of knowledge and to address the creep-fatigue assessment of components. An international group of industry and academic experts led by EPRI has assessed and documented creep-fatigue evaluation, analytical and life prediction methodologies, and deficiencies in the current understanding and prediction of creep-fatigue damage. This led to the identification of issues for future research and devel...
A Semi-Analytic Solution for Flow in Finite-Conductivity Vertical Fractures Using Fractal Theory
The exploitation of unconventional reservoirs goes hand in hand with the practice of hydraulic fracturing and, with an ever increasing demand in energy, this practice is set to experience significant growth in the coming years. Sophisticated analytic models are needed to accurately describe fluid flow in a hydraulic fracture and the problem has been approached from different directions in the past 3 decades - starting with the use of line-source functions for the infinite conductivity case, followed by the application of Laplace Transforms and the Boundary-Element Method for the finite-conductivity case. This topic remains an active area of research and, for the more complicated physical scenarios such as multiple transverse fractures in ultra-tight reservoirs, answers are presently being sought. Fractal theory has been successfully applied to pressure transient testing, albeit with an emphasis on the effects of natural fractures in pressure-rate behavior. In this work, we begin by performing a rigorous analytical and numerical study of the Fractal Diffusivity Equation and we show that it is more fundamental than the classic linear and radial diffusivity equations. Subsequently, we combine the Fractal Diffusivity Equation with the Trilinear Flow Model, culminating in a new semi-analytic solution for flow in a finite-conductivity vertical fracture which we name the "Fractal-Fracture Solution". This new solution is instantaneous and has an overall accuracy of 99.7%, thus making it comparable to the Trilinear Pseudoradial Solution for practical purposes. It may be used for pressure transient testing and reservoir characterization of hydrocarbon reservoirs being produced by a vertically fractured well. Additionally, this is the first time that fractal theory is used in fluid flow in porous media to address a problem not related to reservoir heterogeneity. Ultimately, this work is a demonstration of the untapped potential of fractal theory; our approach is very flexible and we believe that the same methodology may be extended to develop new reservoir flow solutions for pressing problems that the industry currently faces.
Cossio Santizo, Manuel
Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization
Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization contains international contributions by leading researchers from within the field. Dedicated to the memory of Jim Thomas, the book begins with the dynamics of evolving a vision based on some of the principles that Jim and colleagues established and in which Jim's leadership was evident. This is followed by chapters in the areas of visual analytics, visualization, interaction, modelling, architecture, and virtual reality, before concluding with the key area of technology transfer to industry.
Dill, John; Earnshaw, Rae; Kasik, David; Vince, John; Wong, Pak C.
Analytic theory of optical nano-plasmonic metamaterials
Recent advances in nano-fabrication techniques allow for the manufacture of optical metamaterials, bringing their unique and extra-ordinary properties to the visible regime and beyond. However, an analytical description of optical nano-plasmonic metamaterials is challenging due to the characteristic optical behaviour of metals. Here we present an analytical theory that allows to bring established microwave metamaterials models to optical wavelengths. This method is implemented for nano-scaled plasmonic wire-mesh and tri-helical metamaterials, and we obtain an accurate prediction for their dispersive behaviour at optical and near-IR wavelengths.
Demetriadou, Angela
Adaptable methodology for automation application development
An adaptable methodology for automation application development (AMAAD) is introduced. This development methodology is based on the key concept that design automation (DA) applications are a subset of higher level knowledge-based engineering (KBE) applications, ... Keywords: CommonKADS, Design automation, Knowledge-based engineering, MOKA, Productivity enhancement
Christian van der Velden; Cees Bil; Xinghuo Xu
A methodology for in-situ calibration of steam boiler instrumentation
This thesis presents a broadly useful diagnostic methodology to engineers and plant managers for finding the in-situ operating characteristics of power plant boilers when metered data is either missing or obviously erroneous. The methodology is able to analyze conflicting measurements and utilize analytic redundancy (AR) to deduce the measurement or measurements which are substantially in error without shutting down the plant and recalibrating all instrumentation. It is shown, through the case study power plant, that the methodology is quite robust in identifying faulty instruments in plants which possess a low degree of hardware redundancy. Once the malfunctioning meters are identified and the historical data are corrected, boiler characteristic curves can be generated to guide the daily operation and assist future implementation of on-line optimal load allocation. Finally, suggestions are given for the on-line diagnostics of instrument performance, as well as some operational guidelines useful to plant engineers for improved boiler operation.
Wei, Guanghua
A Methodology for In-Situ Calibration of Steam Boiler Instrumentation
Experimental and Analytical Research on Fracture Processes in ROck
Experimental studies on fracture propagation and coalescence were conducted which together with previous tests by this group on gypsum and marble, provide information on fracturing. Specifically, different fracture geometries wsere tested, which together with the different material properties will provide the basis for analytical/numerical modeling. INitial steps on the models were made as were initial investigations on the effect of pressurized water on fracture coalescence.
Herbert H.. Einstein; Jay Miller; Bruno Silva
Industrial Demand Module 1998, National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code. This document serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description ofthe NEMS Industrial Model for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirement of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in supportof its models (Public Law 94-385, section 57.b2). Third, it facilitates continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements as future projects.
OF OHIO HEALTH AND SAFETY DIVISION - ANALYTICAL DEPT. ANALYTICAL DATA SHEET NO. DISTRIBUTION OF COPIES 1 Analytical Laboratory (RECORD COPP) 2 Industrial Hygiene 8 Radiotion...
OCIO Technology Summit: Data Analytics | Department of Energy
OCIO Technology Summit: Data Analytics OCIO Technology Summit: Data Analytics May 13, 2013 - 1:51pm Addthis OCIO Technology Summit: Data Analytics The Energy Department's Office of...
HEALTH AND SAFETY DIVISION - ANALYTICAL DEPT. ANALYTICAL DATA SHEET NLO NO. DISTRIBUTION OF COPIES 1 Analytical Loboratory (RECORD COPY) 2 Industrial Hygiene & Radiation Dept. 3...
Qualitative knowledge construction for engineering systems : extending the design structure matrix methodology in scope and procedure
This thesis presents a new modeling framework and research methodology for the study of engineering systems. The thesis begins with a formal conceptualization of Engineering Systems based upon a synthesis of various ...
Bartolomei, Jason E
Speed binning aware design methodology to improve profit under parameter variations
Designing high-performance systems with high yield under parameter variations has raised serious design challenges in nanometer technologies. In this paper, we propose a profit-aware yield model, based on which we present a statistical design methodology ...
Animesh Datta; Swarup Bhunia; Jung Hwan Choi; Saibal Mukhopadhyay; Kaushik Roy
The process of resort second home development demand quantification : exploration of methodologies and case study application
Prevalent methodologies utilized by resort second home development professionals to quantify demand for future projects are identified and critiqued. The strengths of each model are synthesized in order to formulate an ...
Wholey, Christopher J. (Christoper John)
Renewable Electricity Benefits Quantification Methodology: A Request for Technical Assistance from the California Public Utilities Commission
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) requested assistance in identifying methodological alternatives for quantifying the benefits of renewable electricity. The context is the CPUC's analysis of a 33% renewable portfolio standard (RPS) in California--one element of California's Climate Change Scoping Plan. The information would be used to support development of an analytic plan to augment the cost analysis of this RPS (which recently was completed). NREL has responded to this request by developing a high-level survey of renewable electricity effects, quantification alternatives, and considerations for selection of analytic methods. This report addresses economic effects and health and environmental effects, and provides an overview of related analytic tools. Economic effects include jobs, earnings, gross state product, and electricity rate and fuel price hedging. Health and environmental effects include air quality and related public-health effects, solid and hazardous wastes, and effects on water resources.
Mosey, G.; Vimmerstedt, L.
Regional issue identification and assessment: study methodology. First annual report
The overall assessment methodologies and models utilized for the first project under the Regional Issue Identification and Assessment (RIIA) program are described. Detailed descriptions are given of the methodologies used by lead laboratories for the quantification of the impacts of an energy scenario on one or more media (e.g., air, water, land, human and ecology), and by all laboratories to assess the regional impacts on all media. The research and assessments reflected in this document were performed by the following national laboratories: Argonne National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and Pacific Northwest Laboratory. This report contains five chapters. Chapter 1 briefly describes the overall study methodology and introduces the technical participants. Chapter 2 is a summary of the energy policy scenario selected for the RIIA I study and Chapter 3 describes how this scenario was translated into a county-level siting pattern of energy development. The fourth chapter is a detailed description of the individual methodologies used to quantify the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the scenario while Chapter 5 describes how these impacts were translated into comprehensive regional assessments for each Federal Region.
Flammability Assessment Methodology Program Phase I: Final Report
The Flammability Assessment Methodology Program (FAMP) was established to investigate the flammability of gas mixtures found in transuranic (TRU) waste containers. The FAMP results provide a basis for increasing the permissible concentrations of flammable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in TRU waste containers. The FAMP results will be used to modify the ''Safety Analysis Report for the TRUPACT-II Shipping Package'' (TRUPACT-II SARP) upon acceptance of the methodology by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Implementation of the methodology would substantially increase the number of drums that can be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) without repackaging or treatment. Central to the program was experimental testing and modeling to predict the gas mixture lower explosive limit (MLEL) of gases observed in TRU waste containers. The experimental data supported selection of an MLEL model that was used in constructing screening limits for flammable VOC and flammable gas concentrations. The MLEL values predicted by the model for individual drums will be utilized to assess flammability for drums that do not meet the screening criteria. Finally, the predicted MLEL values will be used to derive acceptable gas generation rates, decay heat limits, and aspiration time requirements for drums that do not pass the screening limits. The results of the program demonstrate that an increased number of waste containers can be shipped to WIPP within the flammability safety envelope established in the TRUPACT-II SARP.
C. A. Loehr; S. M. Djordjevic; K. J. Liekhus; M. J. Connolly
1st International Workshop on High Performance Computing, Networking and Analytics for the Power Grid
1st International Workshop on High Performance Computing, Networking and Analytics for the Power Transient Stability" #12;1st International Workshop on High Performance Computing, Networking and Analytics (University of Vermont). "Developing a Dynamic Model of Cascading Failure for High Performance Computing using
Methodology supporting architecture validations (MAVS)
Defense Information Technology Architecture is a complex business. Furthermore, the multitude and magnitude of the tasks and operations that are executed simultaneously on a battlefield to conduct a single mission are simply staggering. From the performance ... Keywords: DEVS, DoDAF, executable architectures, modeling and simulation, validation
Johnny Garcia
Widget:AnalyticsSummary | Open Energy Information
AnalyticsSummary AnalyticsSummary Jump to: navigation, search Google Analytics widget that returns an HTML summary of site-wide analytics. Use any arbitrary number of days; for instance, 30-31 days will say "a month", 7 days will say "a week", 1 day will say "a day", 365 days will say "a year", and all other day rates will say "n days". How to call it: {{#Widget:AnalyticsSummary|days=30}} Example Output Loading... Statistics summary for the last 1 7 30 365 days Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Widget:AnalyticsSummary&oldid=535712" Category: Widgets What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)
Category:Modeling Techniques | Open Energy Information
in this category, out of 5 total. A Analytical Modeling C Conceptual Model M Modeling-Computer Simulations N Numerical Modeling P Portfolio Risk Modeling Retrieved from "http:...
Nanomechanical Sensor Detects and Identifies Chemical Analytes
ORNL 2010-G00612/jcn UT-B ID 200802066 Nanomechanical Sensor Detects and Identifies Chemical Analytes Technology Summary ORNL researchers developed a ...
AOCS Analytical Guidelines S 3-64
Methods for the Testing of Epoxidized Oils AOCS Analytical Guidelines S 3-64 Methods Downloads Methods Downloads AOCS DEFINITION Not applicable SCOPE
Model documentation report: Commercial Sector Demand Module of the National Energy Modeling System
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Commercial Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated through the synthesis and scenario development based on these components. The NEMS Commercial Sector Demand Module is a simulation tool based upon economic and engineering relationships that models commercial sector energy demands at the nine Census Division level of detail for eleven distinct categories of commercial buildings. Commercial equipment selections are performed for the major fuels of electricity, natural gas, and distillate fuel, for the major services of space heating, space cooling, water heating, ventilation, cooking, refrigeration, and lighting. The algorithm also models demand for the minor fuels of residual oil, liquefied petroleum gas, steam coal, motor gasoline, and kerosene, the renewable fuel sources of wood and municipal solid waste, and the minor services of office equipment. Section 2 of this report discusses the purpose of the model, detailing its objectives, primary input and output quantities, and the relationship of the Commercial Module to the other modules of the NEMS system. Section 3 of the report describes the rationale behind the model design, providing insights into further assumptions utilized in the model development process to this point. Section 3 also reviews alternative commercial sector modeling methodologies drawn from existing literature, providing a comparison to the chosen approach. Section 4 details the model structure, using graphics and text to illustrate model flows and key computations.
Contained radiological analytical chemistry module
A system which provides analytical determination of a plurality of water chemistry parameters with respect to water samples subject to radiological contamination. The system includes a water sample analyzer disposed within a containment and comprising a sampling section for providing predetermined volumes of samples for analysis; a flow control section for controlling the flow through the system; and a gas analysis section for analyzing samples provided by the sampling system. The sampling section includes a controllable multiple port valve for, in one position, metering out sample of a predetermined volume and for, in a second position, delivering the material sample for analysis. The flow control section includes a regulator valve for reducing the pressure in a portion of the system to provide a low pressure region, and measurement devices located in the low pressure region for measuring sample parameters such as pH and conductivity, at low pressure. The gas analysis section which is of independent utility provides for isolating a small water sample and extracting the dissolved gases therefrom into a small expansion volume wherein the gas pressure and thermoconductivity of the extracted gas are measured.
Barney, David M. (Scotia, NY)
Solar Two Performance Evaluation Methodology
The primary aspect of the performance evaluation is the lost-electricity analysis. This analysis compares the actual generation with the generation predicted by the Solar Two model. (SOLERGY, a computer program designed by Sandia National Laboratories to simulate the operation and power output of a solar central-receiver power plant is the code used to model Solar Two.) The difference between the predicted and the actual generation (i.e., the lost electricity) is broken down into the different efficiency and availability categories responsible for the loss. Having the losses broken down by system and in terms of electricity is useful for understanding and improving the plant's performance; it provides a tool for determining the best operating procedures for plant performance and the allocation of operation and maintenance resources for the best performance payback.
Mary Jane Hale
Solar Two is a 10-MWe prototype central-receiver plant east of Barstow, California. Solar Two, which is sponsored by a consortium of utilities and industry in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, began regular electricity production in February 1997. The objective of Solar Two's performance evaluation activity is to understand the plant's performance and to use the evaluation information for the following purposes: optimize plant performance, extrapolate Solar Two's performance to general performance of molten-salt central-receiver technology, and recommend revisions to predictive models and engineering design methods for Solar Two and future-generation molten-salt central-receiver technology. The primary aspect of the performance evaluation is the lost-electricity analysis. This analysis compares the actual generation with the generation predicted by the Solar Two model. (SOLERGY, a computer program designed by Sandia National Laboratories to simulate the operation and power output of a solar central-receiver power plant is the code used to model Solar Two.) The difference between the predicted and the actual generation (i.e., the lost electricity) is broken down into the different efficiency and availability categories responsible for the loss. Having the losses broken down by system and in terms of electricity is useful for understanding and improving the plant's performance; it provides a tool for determining the best operating procedures for plant performance and the allocation of operation and maintenance resources for the best performance payback.
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Commercial Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated through the synthesis and scenario development based on these components. This report serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirement of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its statistical and forecast reports (Public Law 93-275, section 57(b)(1)). Third, it facilitates continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements as future projects.
Methodology for Estimating Solar Potential on Multiple Building Rooftops for Photovoltaic Systems
In this paper, a methodology for estimating solar potential on multiple building rooftops is presented. The objective of this methodology is to estimate the daily or monthly solar radiation potential on individual buildings in a city/region using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and a geographic information system (GIS) approach. Conceptually, the methodology is based on the upward-looking hemispherical viewshed algorithm, but applied using an area-based modeling approach. The methodology considers input parameters, such as surface orientation, shadowing effect, elevation, and atmospheric conditions, that influence solar intensity on the earth s surface. The methodology has been implemented for some 212,000 buildings in Knox County, Tennessee, USA. Based on the results obtained, the methodology seems to be adequate for estimating solar radiation on multiple building rooftops. The use of LiDAR data improves the radiation potential estimates in terms of the model predictive error and the spatial pattern of the model outputs. This methodology could help cities/regions interested in sustainable projects to quickly identify buildings with higher potentials for roof-mounted photovoltaic systems.
Kodysh, Jeffrey B [ORNL; Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL; Bhaduri, Budhendra L [ORNL; Neish, Bradley S [ORNL
A Methodology to Measure Retrofit Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings
Measured energy savings promote and sustain energy conservation retrofits by verifying the success of retrofits, determining pay-back schedules, guiding the selection of future retrofits and identifying opportunities for further savings. This dissertation develops a methodology to measure retrofit energy savings and the uncertainty of the savings in commercial buildings. The functional forms of empirical models of cooling and heating energy use in commercial buildings are derived from an engineering analysis of constant-air-volume and variable-air-volume HVAC systems. One, two, three and four parameter, temperature-dependent regression models are proposed to model baseline energy use. Retrofit savings are measured as the difference between the baseline energy use project by the models and the measured post-retrofit energy use. A hybrid ordinary least squares/autoregressive method is developed to determine the uncertainty of the predicated energy use and savings. The annual predictive ability of models based on pre-retrofit data sets of less than a full year is investigated. The energy delivery efficiency is introduced to measure the efficiency of air-side systems at meeting the net building load. A preliminary investigation of the use of artificial neural network models to measure savings is presented. The methodology is demonstrated on case study examples using software specifically developed for the analysis of commercial building energy use.
Kissock, John Kelly
Strategies and Methodologies for Integrating Design Computation...
Methodologies for Integrating Design Computation into the Design of High Density Quality Living Environment Speaker(s): Jin Yeu Tsou Date: October 9, 2002 - 12:00pm Location:...
Edustega: an Education-Centric Steganography methodology
This paper presents a novel Education-Centric Steganography Methodology (Edustega) that takes advantages of such text to conceal data. Edustega is based on Nostega paradigm, which implies that it neither hides data in a noise (errors) nor produces noise. ...
Abdelrahman Desoky
Methodology for Fire Configuration Risk Management
This report presents a methodology for performing bounding fire risk assessments at nuclear power plants (NPPs) for on-line equipment configurations. The methodology is designed to support risk assessments prior to performing maintenance, as required by 10CFR50.65 Section (a)(4), the Maintenance Rule. Risk assessments are typically performed for internal events using probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs). However, fire probabilistic risk assessments (FPRAs) are often not available or their use for this p...
Photovoltaic-system costing-methodology development. Final report
Presented are the results of a study to expand the use of standardized costing methodologies in the National Photovoltaics Program. The costing standards, which include SAMIS for manufacturing costs and M and D for marketing and distribution costs, have been applied to concentrator collectors and power-conditioning units. The M and D model was also computerized. Finally, a uniform construction cost-accounting structure was developed for use in photovoltaic test and application projects. The appendices contain example cases which demonstrate the use of the models.
The Evolving Leadership Path of Visual Analytics
This is a requested book chapter for an internationally authored book on visual analytics and related fields, coordianted by a UK university and to be published by Springer in 2012. This chapter is an overview of the leadship strategies that PNNL's Jim Thomas and other stakeholders used to establish visual analytics as a field, and how those strategies may evolve in the future.
Kluse, Michael; Peurrung, Anthony J.; Gracio, Deborah K.
Business Intelligence and Analytics: Research Directions
Business intelligence and analytics (BIA) is about the development of technologies, systems, practices, and applications to analyze critical business data so as to gain new insights about business and markets. The new insights can be used for improving ... Keywords: Business intelligence, business analytics
Ee-Peng Lim; Hsinchun Chen; Guoqing Chen
Budget allocation and the analytic hierarchy process
This report demonstrates that the priorities calculated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process can be used as measures of benefit for budget allocation. A procedure is described that optimally allocates a budget among competing DOE waste minimization projects. The projects are compared using an analytic hierarchy already developed by Sandia National Laboratories. 2 refs., 3 tabs.
Hulme, B.L. (Hulme Mathematics (USA))
Nanochannel and its application in analytical chemistry
The nanochannels method for the separation and detection of analytes plays an important role in the analytical chemistry and is exhibiting the great potential advantages and promising future. In this review we bring together and discuss a number of nanochannels ... Keywords: applications, nanochannels, preparation, separation
Zenglian Yue; Guoqing Zhao; Bin Peng; Shasheng Huang
Strong Analytic Controllability for Hydrogen Control Systems
The realization and representation of so(4,2) associated with the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian are derived. By choosing operators from the realization of so(4,2) as interacting Hamiltonians, a hydrogen atom control system is constructed, and it is proved that this control system is strongly analytically controllable based on a time-dependent strong analytic controllability theorem.
Chunhua Lan; Tzyh-Jong Tarn; Quo-Shin Chi; John W. Clark
eoretical Terms without Analytic Truths Michael Strevens
eoretical Terms without Analytic Truths Michael Strevens To appear in Philosophical Studies A When new theoretical terms are introduced into scienti c discourse, pre- vailing accounts imply, analytic a new account of the intro- duction of theoretical terms that avoids both de nition and reference- xing
Strevens, Michael
Visual Analytics at the Pacific Northwest
customers. The success of PNNL's information visualization software, such as IN-SPIRETM and StarlightTM, and publications in top visualization journals and conference proceedings are the results of PNNL researchers with a focus on analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. PNNL's visual analytics team
Scale and complexity in visual analytics
The fundamental problem that we face is that a variety of large-scale problems in security, public safety, energy, ecology, health care and basic science all require that we process and understand increasingly vast amounts and variety of data. There ... Keywords: analytics, scalability, visual analytics, visualization
George Robertson; David Ebert; Stephen Eick; Daniel Keim; Ken Joy
Analysis of ontology development methodology based on OTK and CMMI level 4
OTK methodology which is one of the most frequently used modeling method for ontology development nowadays but for effectiveness of development, it requires quality management of development itself. To provide quality management, CMMI reference model ... Keywords: CMMI, OPP, OTK, QPM, SPC, ontology, process development, process performance, process performance baseline and model, quantitative management
Sang Hun Lee; Ho-Jin Choi; Sukyoung Kim
T: a data-centric cooling energy costs reduction approach for big data analytics cloud
Explosion in Big Data has led to a surge in extremely large-scale Big Data analytics platforms, resulting in burgeoning energy costs. Big Data compute model mandates strong data-locality for computational performance, and moves computations to data. ...
Rini T. Kaushik; Klara Nahrstedt
Analytical Surface Pressure and Drag for Linear Hydrostatic Flow over Three-Dimensional Elliptical Mountains
A linear hydrostatic model of the flow of stably stratified air over a three-dimensional mountain with an elliptical horizontal cross section is considered. Analytical expressions for the surface pressure perturbation are used to study the ...
Doug S. Phillips
Business Analytics and Competitive Advantage: A Review and a Research Agenda
Business analytics has the potential to deliver performance gains and competitive advantage. However, a theoretically grounded model identifying the factors and processes involved in realizing those performance gains has not been clearly articulated ...
Rajeev Sharma; Peter Reynolds; Rens Scheepers; Peter B. Seddon; Graeme Shanks
The North Hawaiian Ridge Current: A Comparison between an Analytical Theory and Some Prior Observations
A previously developed analytic model of Rossby wave-induced mean current along lateral boundary is least-squares fitted to the geostrophic current derived from two closely sampled hydrographic sections windward (northeast) of the Hawaiian ...
L. Charles Sun; James Michael Price; Lorenz Magaard; Gunnar Roden
Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount Wind Turbine...
Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount Wind Turbine Simulations by Truescape Visual Reality, DOEEA-1791 (May 2010) Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount...
Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructu...
Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and Infrastructure for the Home Energy Saver Web Site Title Documentation of Calculation Methodology, Input Data, and...
A Methodological Framework for Comparative Assessments of Equipment...
Methodological Framework for Comparative Assessments of Equipment Energy Efficiency Policy Measures Title A Methodological Framework for Comparative Assessments of Equipment Energy...
Methodology for Carbon Accounting of Grouped Mosaic and Landscape...
Methodology for Carbon Accounting of Grouped Mosaic and Landscape-scale REDD Projects Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Methodology for Carbon Accounting...
The big bang and inflation united by an analytic solution
Exact analytic solutions for a class of scalar-tensor gravity theories with a hyperbolic scalar potential are presented. Using an exact solution we have successfully constructed a model of inflation that produces the spectral index, the running of the spectral index, and the amplitude of scalar perturbations within the constraints given by the WMAP 7 years data. The model simultaneously describes the big bang and inflation connected by a specific time delay between them so that these two events are regarded as dependent on each other. In solving the Friedmann equations, we have utilized an essential Weyl symmetry of our theory in 3+1 dimensions which is a predicted remaining symmetry of 2T-physics field theory in 4+2 dimensions. This led to a new method of obtaining analytic solutions in the 1T field theory which could in principle be used to solve more complicated theories with more scalar fields. Some additional distinguishing properties of the solution includes the fact that there are early periods of time when the slow-roll approximation is not valid. Furthermore, the inflaton does not decrease monotonically with time; rather, it oscillates around the potential minimum while settling down, unlike the slow-roll approximation. While the model we used for illustration purposes is realistic in most respects, it lacks a mechanism for stopping inflation. The technique of obtaining analytic solutions opens a new window for studying inflation, and other applications, more precisely than using approximations.
Bars, Itzhak [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2535 (United States); Chen, Shih-Hung [Department of Physics and School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1404 (United States)
A simple analytical framework to analyze search strategies in large-scale peer-to-peer networks
This paper presents an analytical framework to study search strategies in large-scale decentralized unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The peers comprising the P2P network and their application-level connections are modeled as generalized random ... Keywords: analytical modeling, generalized random graphs, generating functions, peer-to-peer, search strategies
R. Gaeta; G. Balbo; S. Bruell; M. Gribaudo; M. Sereno
Critical infrastructure systems of systems assessment methodology.
Assessing the risk of malevolent attacks against large-scale critical infrastructures requires modifications to existing methodologies that separately consider physical security and cyber security. This research has developed a risk assessment methodology that explicitly accounts for both physical and cyber security, while preserving the traditional security paradigm of detect, delay, and respond. This methodology also accounts for the condition that a facility may be able to recover from or mitigate the impact of a successful attack before serious consequences occur. The methodology uses evidence-based techniques (which are a generalization of probability theory) to evaluate the security posture of the cyber protection systems. Cyber threats are compared against cyber security posture using a category-based approach nested within a path-based analysis to determine the most vulnerable cyber attack path. The methodology summarizes the impact of a blended cyber/physical adversary attack in a conditional risk estimate where the consequence term is scaled by a ''willingness to pay'' avoidance approach.
Sholander, Peter E.; Darby, John L.; Phelan, James M.; Smith, Bryan; Wyss, Gregory Dane; Walter, Andrew; Varnado, G. Bruce; Depoy, Jennifer Mae
Licenses Available in Analytical Instrumentation | ORNL
Analytical Instrumentation Analytical Instrumentation SHARE Analytical Instrumentation 199700361 Neutron Detection Using an Embedded Sol-Gel Neutron Absorber 199700370 Bioluminescent Bioreporter Integrated Circuits 199900683 Microscale Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer 200101009 Automated Sampling for Microarray Readout Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry 200201069 Planar Flow-By Electrode Capacitive Electrospray Ion Source 200201145 Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Radiation Detection 200301290 Pulse Thermal Processing of Functional Materials Using a Directed Plasma Arc 200401367 Composite Solid-State Scintillators for Neutron Detection 200501505 Resistive-Glass Drift Tube for Use as a Controlled Kinetic Energy Ion Source 200601675 Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Rapid,
Development of a statistically based access delay timeline methodology.
The charter for adversarial delay is to hinder access to critical resources through the use of physical systems increasing an adversary's task time. The traditional method for characterizing access delay has been a simple model focused on accumulating times required to complete each task with little regard to uncertainty, complexity, or decreased efficiency associated with multiple sequential tasks or stress. The delay associated with any given barrier or path is further discounted to worst-case, and often unrealistic, times based on a high-level adversary, resulting in a highly conservative calculation of total delay. This leads to delay systems that require significant funding and personnel resources in order to defend against the assumed threat, which for many sites and applications becomes cost prohibitive. A new methodology has been developed that considers the uncertainties inherent in the problem to develop a realistic timeline distribution for a given adversary path. This new methodology incorporates advanced Bayesian statistical theory and methodologies, taking into account small sample size, expert judgment, human factors and threat uncertainty. The result is an algorithm that can calculate a probability distribution function of delay times directly related to system risk. Through further analysis, the access delay analyst or end user can use the results in making informed decisions while weighing benefits against risks, ultimately resulting in greater system effectiveness with lower cost.
Rivera, W. Gary; Robinson, David Gerald; Wyss, Gregory Dane; Hendrickson, Stacey M. Langfitt
2007 CBECS Large Hospital Building Methodology Report
Methodology Report Main Report | Methodology Report Main Report | Methodology | FAQ | List of Tables CBECS 2007 - Release date: August 17, 2012 Data Collection The data in the Energy Characteristics and Energy Consumed in Large Hospital Buildings in the United States in 2007 report and accompanying tables were collected in the 2007 round of the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). CBECS is a quadrennial survey is conducted by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide basic statistical information about energy consumption and expenditures in United States commercial buildings and information about energy-related characteristics of these buildings. The survey was conducted in two phases, the Building Characteristics Survey and the Energy Supplier Survey. The Building Characteristics Survey collects information about selected
eGallon Methodology | Department of Energy
eGallon Methodology eGallon Methodology eGallon Methodology The average American measures the day-to-day cost of driving by the price of a gallon of gasoline. In other words, as the price of gasoline rises and falls, it tells consumers how much it costs to drive. If you drive past a gas station, watch the evening news or read the newspaper, you'll see the price of a gallon of gas posted. But for electric vehicle (EV) owners -- who generally fuel at home -- it's hard to measure just how much it costs to drive. To help current and potential EV drivers better understand the cost of driving an EV, the Energy Department created a metric called the "electric gallon" -- or "eGallon." The eGallon represents the cost of driving an electric vehicle (EV) the same distance a gasoline-powered
Internalizing the externalities of solar technology: Methodologies for incorporating externalities in the assessment of policy options and technology assessments of solar energy initiatives and R and D programs using Brookhaven models
Internalizing the costs for implementing solar energy may never be, the author says. In the meantime, budget allocation decisions must be made. It is the purpose of this paper to identify capabilities currently in existence at BNL that help to provide answers to the value of increasing the contribution of solar energy. This paper presents several alternative approaches. BNL models that are useful for the economic measurement of energy related environmental damage are NEDS/REPS1 NEDS/REPS; ESNS; PRESTO; and optimization models (M-RESOM, BECOM, SOGEPH, BESOM, DESOM/TESOM/MARICAL). The approaches suggested would be much more useful if they were evaluated by certain criteria. This is the goal of most systems research on internalizing externalities. The methods described provide quantitative measures for the following criteria, although no single method provides all of them: the residuals produced with and without solar; the impact of residuals on life, property, ecosystems, and ambience; the intergenerational effects; the effect of oil imports on security; the depletion of non-renewable resources; the quantification (as far as possible) of externalities; and the appropriate level of aggregration. In most cases in this paper, examples are given. The most common criteria is that the energy demands must be driven by an economic model that in turn is driven by an energy model that produces the energy prices and the fuel mix. Solar technology implementation is particularly dependent on relative prices, economic activity, and energy demand. (MCW)
Marcuse, W
Analytical Solutions for Cloud-Drop Concentration
This note compares and evaluates the analytical solutions of Squires and Twomey for cloud droplet concentration. Either solution is likely to be fairly accurate (±30%) when the slope parameter (?) of the cloud condensation nuclei distribution is ...
David B. Johnson