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Silicom Secures Another Major Traffic Management Customer: Receives Design Wins With Immediate Revenue Potential Of $1M/Year
Silicom Ltd. (NASDAQ:SILC) (TASE:SILC) today announced that it has been awarded two Design Wins from a new customer in the rapidly growing Traffic Management and Policy Enforcement Industry. The Design Wins are for a specialized internal BYPASS solution, a product that will replace another solution currently provided by one of Silicom's competitors, and for Silicom's unique external Intelligent BYPASS Switch (IBS).
Silicom expects the revenues from these Design Wins to reach approximately $1 million per year. In addition, the customer is currently discussing the use of another, higher-end solution that could, if adopted, increase its business with the Company significantly to a level of several million dollars per year.
"We are very pleased to have achieved these additional Design Wins within the traffic management and policy enforcement industry, a market segment that continues to experience exponential growth," commented Shaike Orbach, Silicom's President and CEO. "Our success with this customer demonstrates that all our product lines are relevant in contributing to our growth. It also demonstrates the virtually bottomless nature of our markets – especially their ability to continuously produce an ever-growing roster of significant new customers, each of which offers an immediate new horizon of additional sales opportunities that continues to grow over time."
BYPASS solutions are used to assure the continued flow of network traffic if its in-line appliances should experienced failure, and Silicom's BYPASS solutions help customers achieve the highest performance possible of these mission critical applications. In addition, Silicom's unique Intelligent Bypass switch (IBS) is able to independently sense a failure and to initiate the Bypass process, thereby facilitating an exceedingly simple integration of an external BYPASS solution into the network.
## About Silicom Silicom Ltd. is an industry-leading provider of high-performance networking and data infrastructure solutions. Designed primarily to increase data center efficiency, Silicom's solutions dramatically improve the throughput and availability of networking appliances and other server-based systems.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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News & Events
The Best Things To Do In Alexandria, VA
November 2014 By: Allison Tibaldi, Offmetro.com
"Pedal the serene Mount Vernon Trail as it winds through bucolic woods and along the Potomac River. Consider booking a self-guided tour with Bike and Roll, offered seasonally from March-November. The Mount Vernon by Bike and Boat package includes bike rental, helmet and admission to Mount Vernon. This combination package has you bike to Mount Vernon and return to Old Town Alexandria on a narrated boat cruise."
For the full article, click here>>
Washington, DC for Families – Touring the Monuments by Bike
October 20, 2014 By: Gina Vercesi, Kids Unplugged
"At each stop Matt regaled us with interesting anecdotes and fascinating details about the history behind the site and the people whom it honored, bringing to our attention particulars about the architecture and artistic interpretations that might have gone overlooked. Matt had a wonderfully respectful way about him and clearly had a passion for all of the information he was sharing. He had us captivated the entire time and never rushed us as we visited the monuments and memorials after his talks."
For the full article click here>>
NOW Hiring Bike Mechanics
We are currently searching for experienced bicycle mechanics to help maintain our fleet of more than 500 Trek bicycles at both our National Mall and Union Station shops. Both full-time and part-time positions are available for wrenches with proven ability to build, repair and tune.
Our team of mechanics works closely with our Fleet Manager to provide support for our rental and tour teams. Keep your hands greasy tuning and truing, while providing some transport services, field repair and watching for trends on the equipment.
Our National Mall location is the home of our largest fleet of bicycles and highest volume of tours and rentals. Our Union Station shop is a full-service repair shop offering a complete range of maintenance to BikeStation members and the Capitol Hill community -in addition to tours and rentals. At each location, your role is essential to providing a great experience for our customers to see DC in the best way possible- by bike!
For more details and to apply, click here.
Contact: Catharine Pear
WASHINGTON, DC— Bike and Roll® DC is excited to announce the launch of a fifth location: Smithsonian® National Mall Tours launching from the National Museum of American History. Bike and Roll has partnered with the Smithsonian Institution to provide the only Segway® Personal Transporter tours to depart directly from the National Mall. Departing daily at 10:00am, 2:00pm, and 6:00pm, visitors have a chance to take a guided Segway ride beside history, learning about Smithsonian's famed museums and America's monuments on the National Mall.
Prepared in consultation with Smithsonian experts, this premiere Bike and Roll tour will highlight the architecture, art, culture, and history of Washington, DC's National Mall and Memorial Parks with a specific focus on Smithsonian's famed museums. Participants 16 and over will receive safety training and orientation, followed by a guided tour covering over 1,000 acres of the National Mall. As an official Segway Experience Center, Smithsonian National Mall Tours provides guests with the utmost level of expertise when it comes to the operation of Personal Transporters. On their tour, guests will hear the many stories behind DC's most famous landmarks and national treasures, all while gliding through the capital on their own Personal Transporters.
Smithsonian National Mall Tours may expand to include guided bicycle tours at some point in the future.
About Smithsonian National Mall Tours
Smithsonian National Mall Tours is operated by Bike and Roll DC. Located at the Mall entrance of the National Museum of American History on Madison Drive, tours depart daily, and tour tickets are $74 a person. Riders must be at least 16 years of age and between 100-260 pounds to participate. For more information, visit nationalmalltours.com or call (202) 384-8516.
About Bike and Roll DC
Bike and Roll DC is a managing partner of Bike and Roll, a national network of bicycle rental and tour companies known for outstanding customer service, exceptional value, and quality rental equipment. Bike and Roll DC has five locations in the DC area: National Mall at L'Enfant Plaza, Downtown DC at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library, Bikestation at Union Station, a location in Old Town Alexandria, VA, and the National Museum of American History. Visit bikeandrolldc.com for more information on local or national locations.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: May 2014
Contact: Catharine Pear
Washington, DC— Keeping in line with the city's new "DC Cool" marketing campaign, Bike and Roll DC will be offering a small fleet of special edition, cycle-chic DC Cool bikes at their Downtown DC location outside of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library. Starting in May 2014, full day DC Cool bike rentals will all include a This Bar Saves Lives snack bar and a bottled water.
Washington DC's new creative ad campaign (run by the city's Convention and Tourism Corporation, Destination DC,) aims to capture the essence of the capital's innate energy by highlighting local favorites and off-the-beaten path must-see's to potential visitors. Running for all of 2014, this campaign was inspired in large part by the new "American Cool" exhibit at the National Portrait Gallery. This exhibit examines the nature of what it means to be "cool," using one hundred legendary celebrity figures' portraits (including Miles Davis, Elvis Presley, Billie Holiday, Jay-Z, and Kurt Cobain) to illustrate the point.
The DC Cool bike (a customized Electra Ticino 7D) epitomizes cycling in style and is the perfect choice for short rides or longer, leisurely trips. The retro-inspired bikes come equipped with leather seats, hammered aluminum fenders, and front baskets as an homage to the golden age of cycling. This specialty fleet of DC Cool bikes will also be named after 12 of the celebrity subjects from the "American Cool" exhibit. (Visitors might just have a sighting of Elvis Presley at a local hot spot or the Lincoln Memorial!)
Full day DC Cool rentals will include a This Bar Saves Lives snack bar and bottled water. This Bar Saves Lives is a company based out of Venice, California that makes all-natural, non-GMO snack bars; and for every bar sold, they give a packet of life-saving food to a child in need. To learn more about the cause, please visit thisbarsaveslives.com for more information.
Bike and Roll's fleet of DC Cool bikes are available now for advance reservations. Visit bikeandrolldc.com to learn more, or call (202) 842-2453.
Bike and Roll DC is a managing partner of Bike and Roll, a national network of bicycle rental and tour companies known for outstanding customer service, exceptional value, and quality rental equipment. Visit bikeandroll.com for more information on national locations.
In the center of power
March 2014 By: Daniel Trielli, O Estado de Sao Paulo
"Washington is not the first city to offer Segway tours, but the tour is a great way to have a good picture and decide where to go after more calmly."
For the full article click here>>
Unique ways to enjoy the Cherry Blossom Festival
March 2014 By: Shendy Hershfield, Foxnews.com
"See the sights by bike or Segway! You can enjoy the beauty of the blossoms during Bike and Roll D.C.'s guided tours, and you can get some fitness time in on this fun excursion. Tour times vary from 1.5 to 3 hours and are available daily. Prices range from $25-$49 per person."
For the full article click here >>
Opens April 2014
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: March 2014
Contact: Catharine Pear
Washington, DC— Bike and Roll DC announces the opening of their Downtown DC location at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library, located at 901 G Street NW. The new location will offer a variety of bike rentals (including kids' equipment) in an outdoor setting on the G Street exterior of the library.
Bike and Roll DC's 2014 season marks the beginning of many changes; on March 8th, their new National Mall location opened in L'Enfant Plaza, becoming the central hub for bike and Segway tours. This momentum continues with the opening of a downtown DC locale, which will become the primary site of rental operations for the company.
An official historic landmark, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library is located on G Street between 9th and 10th streets NW. Three and a half blocks from the National Mall, this central location is easily accessed by both Metro Center and Gallery Place stations, which collectively service the Blue, Orange, Red, Yellow, and Green lines. A perfect gateway to both the National Mall and a variety of DC's neighborhoods, the downtown DC location will be well positioned as a departure point to explore anywhere and everywhere in the city.
A DC fixture in the heart of downtown (bordering both Penn Quarter and Chinatown,) the MLK Library was opened in 1972 and designed by famed architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The storied space will undergo an exciting renovation process in the coming years that will bring about further modernization and cultural integration into the city.
The new downtown DC rental headquarters will open April 2014, and will offer a myriad of equipment available to rent for the young, old, beginner and avid cyclist. Along with their standard equipment, limited edition specialty bikes will be offered in line with the city's new "DC Cool" campaign. All sales at this location will be credit card only.
Additionally, bike and Segway tours will be offered at the National Mall location at L'Enfant Plaza, self-guided bike tours and rentals will continue to be offered in Old Town Alexandria (advance reservations only), and bike service, repairs and rentals will also be available at Bike and Roll's Union Station location. Visit bikeandrolldc.com for reservations, tour and rental information, rates, and availability or call (202) 842-2453 for more information.
Bike and Roll DC is a managing partner of Bike and Roll, a national network of bicycle rental and tour companies known for outstanding customer service, exceptional value, and quality rental equipment. Visit bikeandroll.com for more information on national locations.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Luther's persistence in this belief, and in his long battle with Church leaders—embellished by rich historical background—make Marty's biography riveting reading. Luther's obdurate yet receptive stance, so different from the travestied image of "fundamentalism" we currently face, restored the balance between religion and the individual. Martin Luther is at once a fascinating history, a story of immense spiritual passion and amazing grace, and a superb intellectual biography.


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TONIGHT! Dinner before 8pm show @ Orpheum Theater
- mcarr Nov 1, 2010 10:41 AM
- 10
- Follow
Hi all-
Last minute I know...looking for recommendation for dinner near the Orpheum Theater tonight.
We are seeing comedy show @ 8pm and want to grab a bite to eat before, something more than sandwiches (seems to be a lot of places like that nearby). Two women...we love all kinds of cuisine.
We also are driving into the city and will have a car that we only want to park once. Thanks for your help, Melissa
Very close:
Fancy: Bar at No. 9 Park.
Less Fancy: Silvertone. (Typically a bit busy before Orpheum shows)
In between: The Marliave (although I prefer the previous two options much more).
Decent but not spectacular sushi: Zen on Beacon St. (I like the yaki udon).
The bar at Moo for meat-related things.On the Gov't Center Side:
Woodwards. (I like the duck/cranberry flatbread)Around the Boston Common Side (parking under the common is typically pretty cheap), in order of distance from the Orpheum:
Stoddards (decent burger, great charcuterie, great beer, terrible service)
Bistro du Midi
Via Matta (I like eating at the bar and getting half portions of the pastas).-----
177 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02111Troquet
140 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116Silvertone
69 Bromfield St, Boston, MA 02108Marliave
10 Bosworth Street, Boston, MA 02108Via Matta
79 Park Plaza, Boston, MA 02116Bistro du Midi
272 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 021160 -
re: redelephant
Marliave has a daily $1 oyster special from 4-6 pm - so you could get some bivalves there before 6pm, then an app or two if you are still hungry. That is, if oysters are your thing.
I have a sneaky suspicion that Silvertone might be closed on Mondays?
10 Bosworth Street, Boston, MA 021080
The last couple of time we went to the theatre district we went to Pho Pasteur and got delicious food, quick and cheap, and though not fancy it is a great people-watching place. It's not right in the district but it's not a bad walk to the Orpheum and you could probably find a parking garage somewhere in the middle.
re: powerfulpierre
love all the ideas! Just checked Silvertone's site and they are open Mondays, only close on Monday holidays, so I think we'll try there ;-)
69 Bromfield St, Boston, MA 021080


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recipe reviews for:
"Avocados and shrimp are tossed with bacon, cheese, and tomatoes in this super pasta salad. Great as a side dish, but also works as a cool summer entree."
Cooking Level: Expert
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The most-tender new vegetables are here just in time for early spring salads!
Creamy, comforting potato soups will warm you up.
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See how to make a creamy shrimp salad with pasta shells.
See how to make a fresh pasta salad with avocadoes, tomato, and mozzarella.
This easy salad is bright with flavor and can be a side or entrée.


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I know what you're thinking: "An R&B record titled Naked? This could only be about one thing." Not so fast—in actuality, Lloyd's new single finds him espousing a philosophy of militant nudism, calling for listeners to set aside clothing altogether in the interest of a closer connection with nature. Oh, who am I kidding? In actuality, like most of his musical output, the Young Goldie singer's latest effort has everything to do with, and is intended to set the mood for, getting it in. Polow Da Don establishes a suitably sultry vibe, blending glittering guitar riffs, smooth sax and thematically-appropriate space shuttle-launch samples, as Lloyd persuades his to girl to take it all off so they can "blast off" in the bedroom. As usual, the singer turns in a impressive mic performance, mixing crooned come-ons with flight metaphors and even working in a sly allusion or two to R. Kelly's It Seems Like You're Ready. While I can take or leave the simulated sex noises (isn't there a point at which listening to other people's moans and groans becomes more awkward than hot?), the record itself is another home run—or have I got it twisted? Those who agree can hear more on Lloyd's new digital full-length, King of Hearts, due out July 5.
Written by richard on 06/20/11
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RAK Petroleum to go public in UK
RAK Petroleum plant
More >
Create alert for DNO International ASADNO International ASA
, Create alert for Oslo Stock ExchangeOslo Stock Exchange
, Create alert for RAK Petroleum Public CompanyRAK Petroleum Public Company
RAK Petroleum Public Company is planning to list on an international stock exchange after its shareholders approved plans to restructure the company, it said in a statement on Monday.
The restructuring includes transferring the company's assets to a newly formed UK-owned company in exchange for shares. The statement did not say on which international exchange the company will list.
RAK Petroleum's assets include a 42.8 per cent holding in Norwegian oil company DNO International ASA. The Oslo Stock Exchange has granted an exemption from its rules for the transfer.
© Motivate Publishing. All rights reserved.


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A science blog with Eric Berger
Monthly Archive for October, 2011
Must-see video: Like in Up! a house flies, only in real life
Chances are you're familiar with the movie Up! in which a crotchety old dude and a kid take off from the city in a house powered by party balloons. It's a clever concept for a kid's film, but not realistic, right? Wrong. And now it's been brought to life on National Geographic's "How hard can […]
[Read More]
Your winter forecast: Dry and mild
By now you should know the drill for seasonal forecasting. It provides a reasonable guess as to what conditions will exist during a coming season — in this case, winter — but not an absolute guide. It's somewhere between art and science. With that said, there's reason to have some confidence in the forecast because […]
[Read More]
An insider's account of the Nobel Prize-winning dark energy discovery
The most exciting scientific discovery in the last two decades is dark energy. That's a personal point of view, but nothing since I've become a serious student of science has enthralled me more than the completely unexpected notion of an unknown force acting upon the universe to accelerate its expansion. So mysterious. So powerful. And […]
[Read More]
Houston's consolation prize: Space Shuttle Explorer
Robert Pearlman, of CollectSpace, has posted a good overview of the latest in the disposition of space shuttle artifacts. Among the tidbits is that Space Center Houston will get a mock-up of the space shuttle, Explorer, from Kennedy Space Center: Explorer, a full-scale space shuttle replica that for years has been on display at the […]
[Read More]
How can mosquitoes fly in the pouring rain?
Have you ever wondered how mosquitoes fly in the rain? Consider this: A typical raindrop has a mass 50 times that of the mosquito. That would be like flying a B-52 Stratofortress through a storm of 7,000-ton raindrops. Good luck. So again, how do mosquitoes thrive in a rainstorm? Researchers at the Georgia Institute of […]
[Read More]
Weekly Weather: A year in which more than half its days have been 90 degrees or above stays warm and dry
Welcome to your Monday morning weather update, in which I'll attempt to sum up the immediate past, present and future of weather on the bayou. It's going to slowly warm back up this week, but at least we're not likely to see the mid-90s again. Rain chances, unfortunately, are fairly low. PAST Let's begin this […]
[Read More]
Charlie Bolden visited Houston. Here's what he had to say.
This week NASA Administrator Charles Bolden visited Houston to tour Johnson Space Center, speak to employees and view the progress being made on the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle with Orion Program Manager Mark Geyer. As part of the visit Bolden also spoke with the media. Here's a nearly complete transcript of the questions and his answers. […]
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Greater Meredith Program Meeting Postponed until Feb. 17 (180)
MEREDITH — The Greater Meredith Program Annual Meeting, postponed because of the weather, has been rescheduled for Monday, Feb. 17 at 6 p.m. in the Winnipesaukee Ballroom at Church Landing in Meredith.
GMP President Rob Stephens and Executive Director Liz Lapham along with committee chairmen Jeanie Forrester, Promotions; Chris Williams, Design and Chris Kelly, Career Partnership will highlight the programs, projects, and accomplishments of the past ten years followed by award recognitions, including Volunteer of the Year and Board Member of the Year.
The Greater Meredith Program is a non-profit community economic development organization seeking to enhance economic vitality, historical and cultural heritage, and town-wide beautification.
Last Updated on Thursday, 13 February 2014 09:31
Hits: 104
Future Business Leaders Chapter Enjoying Busy Year at Belmont High
BELMONT — Members of Belmont High School chapter of Future Business Leaders of America are busy this week promoting the purpose and value of their organization to their peers and administration at the high school, the School Board, and the local community.
According to senior Shania Mulley, who is the reporter for the BHS FBLA chapter, "FBLA opens a lot of doors for people. There is so much opportunity to build business skills, as well as leadership skills. This week we will be meeting with different people at school and in the community to tell them what FBLA is all about and what we do."
Community service is a large part of the experience that FBLA offers, so members of the FBLA chapter at Belmont High School decided to kick the week off Saturday night in Manchester at the Monarchs "Pink in the Rink" event supporting the fight against breast cancer.
On Monday students planned to hold a social event to start the school week off, inviting friends who might be interested in learning more about their organization to join them for pizza. "Bringing a friend to our socials is a fun and creative way to get people to join FBLA and they don't just come for the pizza, they end up sticking around when they see what we do and how much fun we have," stated FBLA Vice President Mary Kate Russo.
The Monday social also offered a unique experience as BHS Alumnus Nick Harriman, who last year opened a frozen yogurt business, Dips, on Main Street in Concord, returned to talk with the future business leaders about what inspired him to open a business, why he chose the Concord location, and some of the successes and challenges he has dealt with in his first year of business.
On Tuesday night, FBLA President Colton Cadarette, Treasurer Nikolai Fernandez, and senior Cody North headed over to Canterbury Elementary School to deliver a presentation to the School Board.
On Wednesday, Colton, Mary Kate, and junior Chayleigh Cadarette planned to travel to Farmington High School to talk to students in Business Management about FBLA and the possibility of starting a chapter at their high school.
Many of the students at Belmont High School already know a little something about FBLA. Approximately 50 students are members of the BHS chapter this year, representing well over ten percent of the school population and a new record for participation. Adviser Ben Hill attributes the participation to the approach of FBLA. "This club is about offering opportunities for students to choose ways that they want to learn, participate, and give back to our local communities and people in need across the state of New Hampshire. The idea is that if students play a role in choosing what we do as an organization, they will be more committed to those events and causes, and hopefully learn more as a result of that commitment and ownership.''
Last Updated on Thursday, 13 February 2014 09:25
Hits: 127
Speare Memorial Hospital to Host Plymouth Regional Chamber of Commerce Business After Hours
PLYMOUTH — Speare Memorial Hospital will celebrate the opening of its new Wound Care & Hyperbaric Medicine Center at the Plymouth Regional Chamber's next Business After Hours on Thursday, February 20 from 5 to 7 p.m.
The Wound Care Center is located just inside the Emergency Room entrance with parking available in the Avery Street parking lots adjacent to the building.
The new Wound Care Center will be addressing a growing healthcare need in our communities. Partnering with Healogics, Speare's Wound Care Center will offer patients access to state-of-the-art outpatient clinical wound care. A patient with a wound that has not begun to heal in two weeks, or not completely healed in six weeks, may benefit from proven, best-practice methodologies.
Hearty appetizers and refreshments will be provided while enjoying the company of fellow community members.
This monthly scheduled networking opportunity conducted by the Plymouth Regional Chamber is part of their active support of the regional businesses and is possible through the generous support of key area businesses. For additional information, contact the Chamber at 536-1001.
The Plymouth Regional Chamber of Commerce serves the business community by promoting the greater Plymouth area as a unique place to live, work, and play; recognizing its business, social, and economic opportunities.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 12 February 2014 10:36
Hits: 184
Meredith Altrusans served healthy dinner for 40
MEREDITH — On January 23 the Altrusa Club of Meredith prepared and served a warm, nutritious meal at the Meredith Congregational Church to neighbors who reside in and around the Meredith community.
The 40 people who attended enjoyed a dinner consisting of baked ham, scalloped potatoes, carrots, tossed salad, rolls, gingerbread, cookies, milk, tea and coffee. Teamwork was the key to this very successful event, as approximately 28 Altrusa members helped with advertising, taking reservations, preparing the food, and setting the tables. Members of the Meredith Astra Club, an international community service organization for young adults, ages 12 to 25, assisted by serving the meals to the attendees.
Last Updated on Wednesday, 12 February 2014 10:33
Hits: 105
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Being outside the US, I have tried many online magic shops (no brick & mortars in my area). In the past I've had packages gone missing, wrong...Read More ->
I have bought small and large orders from MJM Magic for a while now and I have NEVER been dissapointed with their service. The team always responds...Read More ->


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Miley and Liam have had quite a rocky year, but for everyone expecting the star-studded couple to split for good, a source tells HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY that their love is still going strong.
Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth are just like any other couple — they have their fair share of ups and downs. And though they seem to have had more downs as of late — taking breaks from each other and even postponing their wedding — a breakup is NOT on the horizon.
Miley Cyrus: 'Totally In Love' With Liam Hemsworth Despite Breakups
"She's totally in love with Liam," a source close to Miley tells HollywoodLife.com exclusively. As for the wedding, the source says it's definitely what Miley still wants.
The love is still flowing between Miley and Liam, but their relationship seems more volatile than others simply because they are so different from each other. "They say opposites attract and that's true but it can also work against them," the source says. "Miley is so much more open and out there with everything and Liam is pretty reserved and that's something they fight about a lot."
But the couple still compromises, which is a sign that they're still in love and willing to work to stay together. "Miley even quit [Twitter] for a while because it was causing so many fights. But she couldn't stay off so she ended up promising him that she would never post about their personal life and she's been pretty good about that."
Liam Hemsworth Still In Love With Miley Cyrus
Weathering the storm and working through the problems has paid off for Liam too — the source states that he's still in love as well, even if he doesn't always show it.
"Liam does love her," says the source. "It's hard to tell if he's madly in love with her because he's not the type of guy that does the big romantic stuff, but he is there for her when she needs him, so that says a lot."
What do you think, HollywoodLifers? Let us know!
WATCH: Miley Cyrus Confirms She's Still Engaged After 'GMA' Performance
– Andrew Gruttadaro
More Miley Cyrus & Liam Hemsworth News:
- Miley Cyrus & Liam Hemsworth Displayed A 'Great Deal Of Tension' At Premiere
- Miley Cyrus Is Crying Herself To Sleep: Because Of Liam Hemsworth?
- Miley Cyrus: I'm Thrilled You're Saving Things With Liam Hemsworth
View Comment
Posted at 11:19 AM on August 23, 2013
no one of consequence
Posted at 12:55 PM on August 20, 2013
Posted at 3:40 AM on August 20, 2013
emily heide
Posted at 2:03 AM on August 21, 2013
Misheley Cirus is far from disrespectful. Liam left her over new years. How dare you call her a stripper, she is gorgeous and has so much mor than you could ever dream. Only God can Judge us, forget you Hater, truly somebody loves Ya! Liam is Jealous of her fame her money, all she has accomplished, everything she is and everything he has not accomplished in Hollywood. I'm not to say you are stupid, but definitely ignorant to put such a beautiful woman like Miley down afterall the hard work she put into her career. get off her back because TOO many people got her back!
Posted at 11:18 AM on August 23, 2013
Posted at 8:22 PM on August 19, 2013
Posted at 5:54 PM on August 19, 2013
You sound like a Liam stan but a total Miley Cyrus hater which is fine, your choice whatever but it doesn't give you any right to judge their relationship. Even Liam's brother Luke said in an interview that Miley and Liam are a perfect match for each other and they are really in love. The ininterview was a really recent one too' plus he again confirmed on twitter that all these articles about their breakup are false and made up and also him and chris and the entire family really adore Miley.
Next time you want to go on a rant about how Miley is threatening Liam to stay in the relationship, do your research and a little advice don't be so bitter and believe everything you read. Also Liam has a fantastic career ahead of him, with or without Miley, it wouldn't matter, hungar games and expendables 2 fame has had a great impact on his career. Lastly, they want to keep the relationship pirvate, so respect that and stop judging.
Posted at 11:38 PM on August 19, 2013
Yes, but Miley is in-love with him, you can tell a lot. But when they are walking down the red carpet and other places, they don't even hold hands anymore, Liam doesn't even smile in all the photos they are in, back than they were a very happy couple, always smiling, holding hands, Liam always picking her up and spinning with her. Now look, Liam doesn't even care, he wont smile. The Miley he fell in-love with was the smiley miley, the one that didn't care what people thought, always smiling wherever she went. Look at her, she cut her hair to her shoulder length and she was stunning! She dressed her age, she dressed mature, she smiled, she walked proudly with Liam, he smiled and he looked very happy with her. Next thing you know, she shaves off her hair, she twerks, he dances, she strips, she goes naked, she sings about drugs..etc That isn't the Miley he fell in-love with, he looks straight up miserable with her, if Miley says this is her "True Self" I don't believe it. That ain't Miley, that's a girl on drugs, she's going to lose Liam and she wont even know it, he's going to find a young lady who's beautiful just like Miley, but respects him and herself and doesn't care what people think. And she's going to regret it, maybe she'll realize what she lost all for this crap. I'm a Miley fan, always been one, still am, but honestly, if he really loved her, he would always be with her, miss her, smile, and be how he use to be, they wouldn't fight, yes couples fight, but constantly? They never had fights in the past did they? ….
Posted at 4:54 PM on August 19, 2013
Posted at 3:05 PM on August 19, 2013
but he clearly isn't in love with her-it really seems like she stalks him and is using emotional blackmail to keep him occasionally seeing her-like her dogs killing each other and her parents divorce-and probably threatens to destroy his career with some hysterical twitter rant campaign if he asks her to stop wearing the ring let alone to give it back-he looks miserable anytime she is around her and avoids her like the plague-even at the TCA's-Liam is just trying to avoid a public spectacle but the Smelly Circus is just one huge annoying gross public spectacle -He will be a great A-list Hollywood leading man -especially without her-time to really lose that Miley stone Liam-and call her bluff on all those "I'll kill myself" empty psycho clingy ho bag threats-seriously tell her to check into the looney bin if she says it again
Posted at 5:56 PM on August 19, 2013
I totally agree. This is NOTHING like Justin and Selena. Miley wants to be known for having the perfect life: career, fiance, etc. when the truth is that's not true at all. I believe they will not get married anymore. Miley may still want it but not him. If I were Liam, I would ignore what she threatens, promises, etc. and end the relationship for good once and for all. If she destroys his career, it's on her because she'll be known as the bad guy and her career will be destroyed. Wait until November when Catching Fire premieres. I have doubts Miley will be at the premiere. If it were true love, Liam would have shown it but he doesn't. I understand about wanting to keep his personal life private but you have to show your love to a top star from time to time. They won't last. They have too many issues. And I do mean too; they have a lot of problems. MY OPINION.
Posted at 11:40 PM on August 19, 2013
Posted at 1:08 PM on August 19, 2013


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- 22Promote
Art Print
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
Thanks, Avigur. I wasn't sure about how this design would work on a t-shirt but you've inspired me to give it a shot. I'll post it up soon. :)
Thank you so much, Su G. I agree, the t-shirt ended up being one of the better ones for this design. :)
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Hey guys! New to the sire but just wanted to show off a little.
I bought this 88 4 Runner a few months back and ill give you a little time line of how shes been slowly diad in.
bought it like this:
88 4 runner
3.0l - the truck had BRAND new heads on it thats why i bought this truck after looking at about 15 other p.o.s.'s
all new hoses, belts, rad., air filter ext.
5 speed
moon roof
tons of oil leaks
a/c didn't work
was getting about 7 miles a gallon lol
rear window didn't work(go figure)
189,000 mile on it.
pretty clean body there are a few dents, frame and drive train were perfect! with rancho shocks and 33's
took off some gay lights and a few other things and sand blasted and painted the wheels semi black
after spending 3 straight days chacing oil leaks oil pan, rear main, and valve cover gaskets, i started to design a bumper for it.
decided to figure out my mileage issue or issues swapped. Built an intake, cut out the stock air box and dropped in a k&n.(you can see the lip of the intake boot is folded over causing a big air leak and check engine light.)
new intake. also found some other cracked hoses and such. After doing all of that i almost doubled my gas mileage!
had to fix these frigging faded badges!
so i did they turned out bitchen
next was the rear window this was just one of the issues(fried module) after hours of fixing ef'ed up wires and stuff i got EVERYTHING working again
Now onto the fun stuff started gathering part to make her sexier! 99 tacoma rearend with e locker and 4.88's i also picked up a factory front 4.88 front diff as well!
got a btf gusset kit for it!
thats all for now ill be updating as soon as i get some time off to install the diffs stay tuned!!


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Jennifer Aniston Addresses Supposed Angelina Jolie Feud
Jennifer Aniston is finally talking about that media-fueled, age-old feud concerning her and Angelina Jolie that is, apparently, a never ending one.
Jennifer Aniston is finally talking about that media-fueled, age-old feud concerning her and Angelina Jolie that is, apparently, a never ending one.
The first picture of Angelina Jolie's wedding dress is here! And just like the blushing bride, her bridal gown is very (very!) unique.
Congrats! Two years after their 2012 engagement, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie finally tied the knot!
We're knee-deep in the summer movie season and the hits just keep on coming. Despite mixed buzz, 'Maleficent' opened very strong, not coming close to the massive numbers of the past few weekends, but certainly holding its own. However, the success of Disney's latest live action effort meant that the weekend's other big release, Seth MacFarlane's 'A Million Ways to Die in the West,' fared less well.
Whether she's adopting the orphans of the world or taking care of the sick, Angelina Jolie seems poised to make the world a better place, one good deed at a time. This time around, the stunner helped one of her longtime wardrobe ladies who's suffering from breast cancer and too sick to work.
UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Angelina Jolie was forced to cut her time with Somali refugees at Shousha Camp (near the Tunis-Libyan border) in half on Tuesday because the thousands of refugess were so excited to see her.
Her security team was concerned about everyone's safety
There's still time to vote for your favorite Actors for tomorrow's People's Choice Awards! The ceremony begins at 9 on CBS.


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Babylon Spice Drink
Recipe courtesy Hookah Lounge
- $40 a Day
- 2 ounces fresh ginger, peeled and sliced
- 1 1/2 ounces rum
- Ice cubes
- 1/2 -ounce coconut milk
- 4 ounces mango juice
- 1 -ounce grated coconut
- 1 maraschino cherry, for garnish
- 1 slice orange, for garnish
Soak the ginger in the rum for 24 hours. Place ice in a cocktail shaker. Add the ginger-rum mixture, coconut milk, and mango juice to the shaker. Shake well and strain into a large cocktail glass. Serve with a topping of the grated coconut, a cherry, and an orange slice on the lip of the glass. Serve immediately.
Professional Recipe: This recipe was provided by a chef, restaurant or culinary professional and makes a large quantity. The Food Network Kitchens chefs have not tested this recipe in the proportions indicated and therefore cannot make any representation as to the results.
Recipe courtesy Hookah Lounge


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What was the Saint of the Pyre trying to communicate to Equality in Anthem?
1 Answer | Add Yours
In a world where individuality is nonexistent, all are expected to think and behave the same; even the words to denote individuality or references to the first person are nonexistent. Even to discover or utter the word "I" is punishable by death; it is only referred to in the work as the "Unspeakable Word." Equality relates his experience when he was 10 and watched The Saint of the Pyre burned at the stake for some crime; he deduces that the Saint was attempting to communicate the concept of individuality, expressed in the word "I" to him.
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5 Stocks Insiders Are Scooping Up
NYSE Euronext
Another name that insiders are loading up on is investment services player NYSE Euronext (NYX), a global operator of financial markets and provider of trading technologies. Insiders are buying into strength here since shares of NYSE Euronext are up over 12% so far on the year.
NYSE Euronext has a market cap of $7.6 billion and an enterprise value of 9.26 billion. This stock trades at a cheap valuation, with a trailing price-to-earnings of 12.4 and a forward price-to-earnings of 9.4. Its estimated growth rate for this year is 5.2%, and for next year it's pegged at 18.4%. This is not a cash-rich company, since the total cash position on its balance sheet is $432 million and its total debt is $2.08 billion.
The chairman of the board and a director just bought 52,125 shares, or around $1.5 million worth of stock, at $28.78 per share. >>5 Stocks Poised for Breakouts From a technical perspective, NYX is currently trading above both its 50-day and 200-day moving averages, which is bullish. This stock recently found some big buying support at around $24.85 to $26 a share. Now this stock has started to trigger a major breakout with shares moving above some near-term overhead resistance at $28.60 a share. That breakout pushed the stock into levels not seen since last August. If you're bullish on NYX, then I would look for long biased trades as long as this stock is trending above $28.60 a share, and the upside volume is tracking in strong. One could even be a buyer once the next major breakout is triggered on a high-volume move over some near-term overhead resistance at $29.69. Look for a volume on a move above that level that registers near or well above its three-month average action of 2,806,230 shares. Follow @stockpickrCheck Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Welcome to USD's One Stop Student Center! Located in UC 126, the One Stop welcomes all students who need assistance with their registration, student account, or financial aid. Our mission is to consolidate the business transactions of the Financial Aid, Registrar, and Student Accounts offices into one location where students can receive outstanding customer service.
Intersession 2015 Highlights
Monday, January 5, 2015
First day of class (last day to register without late fee)
Last day for 100% tuition refund
Tuesday, January 6, 2015
Last day to register or add classes (late fee begins)
Last day to change from audit to grade, or vice versa
Last day to drop without grade of "W"
Last day for 90% tuition refund
Wednesday, January 7, 2015
Last day for 80% tuition refund
Thursday, January 8, 2015
Last day for 70% tuition refund
Friday, January 9, 2015
Make-up day for M-Th classes
Tuesday, January 13, 2015
Last day for 60% tuition refund
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
Last day for 50% tuition refund – no further refund given
Last day to change to grade or Pass/Fail, grade
Friday, January 16, 2015
Last day to withdraw with grade of "W" (no refund)
Monday, January 19, 2015
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day holiday (no classes; offices closed)
Friday, January 23, 2015
Last day of Intersession classes
One Stop Services
- Registration and registration changes; transcript requests; enrollment verification; reviewing your DARS; FERPA; graduation petitions
- Payments on student account; student account counseling; student account holds
- Assistance with financial aid questions
- Assistance with your mysandiego portal; and many other services.
Services Provided by Other Offices
- Academic advising (your assigned advisor)
- Purchasing or changing meal plan (online only)
- Housing information (contact Residential Life)
- Purchasing parking permits (online only)
- Campus Card Services


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Pacific Historical Review
Published for The Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical
Association by the University of California Press
For over 70 years, the Pacific Historical Review has accurately and adeptly
covered the history of American expansion to the Pacific and beyond, as well
as the post-frontier developments of the 20th-century American West. Recent
articles have discussed:
* Japanese American Internment
* The Establishment of Zion and Bryce National Parks in Utah
* Mexican Americans, Testing, and School Policy 1920-1940
* Irish Immigrant Settlements in Nineteenth-Century California and
* American Imperialism in Oceania
* Native American Labor in the Early Twentieth Century
* U.S.-Philippines Relations
* Pacific Railroad and Westward Expansion before 1945
Every 170-page issue of the Pacific Historical Review features an extensive
section devoted to book reviews ‹ roughly thirty in each issue ‹ plus
frequent review essays. The "Historical News" section provides you with
information about key figures in the PCB-AHA, as well as announcements for
fellowships and awards. The Pacific Historical Review also includes notes
and documents, historiographies, and forums on a broad range of topics.
David A. Johnson, Editor
487 Cramer Hall
Portland State University
Portland, OR 97207-0751
Telephone: (503)725-8230
Fax: (503)725-8235
Content available by subscription. Free sample article available online.
Current Issue: Volume: 73, Number: 3 August 2004
Date: 21 Oct. 2004


text:
conservation Subscribe to Feed
Weekly News Roundup: President Obama is on a roll and more!
Shortly after broadening the Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Monument, President Obama has used his legal authority once again to create a new national monument! The San Gabriel Mountains National Monument was made official today, thanks to the support of […] Read more >
Coloradans Want Browns Canyon to be the Next National Monument
For Bill Dvorak, permanent protection for southern Colorado's Browns Canyon has been a long time coming. Dvorak is the National Wildlife Federation's public lands organizer in Colorado He's also one of the best-known outfitters in the state and has been leading […] Read more >
How to Get Kids Hooked on Fishing and Create Future Conservationists
For many good reasons, fishing is one of the country's most popular pastime activities, with roughly 50 million Americans pursuing hundreds of different fish species on countless different waterbodies each year. The sport of angling offers excellent opportunities to strengthen family bonds […] Read more >
Stand with Sportsmen and Conservationists for Clean Water
Whether you're an angler, hunter or wildlife viewer — or, perhaps like many of us, are all three — you understand the importance of watery habitats for wildlife. These habitats not only include the obvious, such as larger rivers and […] Read more >
Time to Go On Offense to Protect Our Cherished Public Lands
Unlike most every other country, America has a huge backyard. The federal public lands of the western United States are the equivalent of a giant commons that everyone can enjoy. Whether you're a New Englander sightseeing in the Grand Canyon […] Read more >
The Beauty, Majesty and Variety of Ducks Challenged by Tar Sands
Bufflehead, black and wood ducks, canvasback, gadwall, goldeneye, mallard, pintail, redhead, ring-necked, ruddy, scaup, scoter, shoveler, teal, and widgeon: to duck hunters and bird watchers alike, the characteristics of those species and the sounds they make are like sweet music […] Read more >
Private Lands and Gulf Restoration – A Vision for Success
The five US states bordering the Gulf of Mexico encompass roughly 290 million acres of land, of which roughly 86% are privately owned. This translates into more than 249 million acres of agricultural and forested lands, making it impossible to ignore […] Read more >
Wood Ducklings Jump, But Don't Worry, They Bounce
Wood ducks are special to North America because they are found nowhere else in the world. They were threatened with near extinction in the late 1800s and early 1900s when habitat destruction and over-harvesting decimated populations. Their recovery is a celebrated wildlife success […] Read more >
Hunters and Anglers Can't Afford to Double Down on Denial
Hunters and anglers have been on the front lines of several major environmental policy battles over the years, including playing a major role in passing the Clean Air and Clean Water acts, eliminating acid rain, and establishing more public lands […] Read more >
Bipartisan Sportsmen's Act Creates Conservation, Access and Opportunity
Formed by hunters and anglers who acknowledged the need to unite all wildlife and conservation interests, the National Wildlife Federation has been leading on critical issues that are a priority to sportsmen and women for nearly 80 years. Often this […] Read more >


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Miu Miu Fall 2009: A Sultry Riff on the Bourgeois
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Miu Miu Fall 2009: A Sultry Riff on the Bourgeois
>> Miuccia Prada closed out the Fall 2009 runway season with a Miu Miu show about "playing with the bourgeoisie." Necklines plunged to reveal nude bras, fur sashes draped across the chest and covered ankle straps, bare flesh shimmered, and socks were heavily sequined. The collection seemed more grown up than Miu Miu's recent forays into harlequinism or scuba gear, with its tapestry patterns, but perhaps most striking were the half-coats, with undone buttons or cutout backs.
*image: source
Read More Fall 2009 Paris Fashion WeekA Little Turn On The CatwalkRose CorderoFall 20092009 Fall Paris Fashion Week2009 Fall Fashion Week2009 Paris Fashion Week2009 Fashion WeekMiuccia PradaMiu Miu
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- Would you buy an Apple Watch just to make a statement? — Racked
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- Kate Spade Saturday is having a crazy-good sale right now — Lucky
- 1 woman weighs in on whether or not we need fashion — Man Repeller
Latest Fashion


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Utilizing the microfilmed, electronic, and printed resources available at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, we provide professional genealogical research services. On-site research is available for some locations.
Latest News: Kathy Kirkpatrick was recently interviewed by Scott Fisher along with Adrian Burke regarding genealogical research in Italy. The podcast (#41 - 12 May 2014) is available at www.extremegenes.com.
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Former status: | Operated |
Relocations: | Seabreeze as Bunny Rabbit Belle Island Village as Little D |
Trains: | Single train with 3 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows for a total of 12 riders. |
Facts: | Purchased from Seabreaeze by Coaster Works! and then restored. Coaster Works! may only have leased it to Race World. It is not believed to have been at Race World very long. There are also conflicting reports if it ever operated for the public. |
Etymology: | The name "Little D" in honor of Dale Earnhardt Jr. |
Language: | |
Measure: | |
Date format: | |
Bling level: |


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Commission Weekly Filings | previous page
South Dakota Public Utilities Commission
For the Period of September 4, 1998 through September 10, 1998
If you need a complete copy of a filing faxed, overnight expressed, or mailed to you, please contact Delaine Kolbo within five business days of this filing.
Phone: 605-773-3705. Fax: 605-773-3809.
AT&T filed to introduce AT&T Digital Link Service in its Local Exchange Service tariff for business customers. AT&T Digital Link Service permits local calling capability from a customer's premise utilizing Direct Outward Dialing over dedicated digital facilities. This tariff is filed with an effective date of October 5, 1998.
Staff Analyst: Harlan Best
Staff Attorney: Karen Cremer
Date Filed: 09/04/98
Intervention Deadline: 09/21/98
On September 4, 1998, the Commission received an interconnection agreement between the City of Hawarden, Iowa and Heartland Telecommunications Company of Iowa. Any person wishing to comment on the parties' request for approval may do so by filing written comments with the Commission and the parties to the agreement no later than September 24, 1998. Parties to the agreement may file written responses to the comments no later than October 14, 1998.
Staff Attorney: Camron Hoseck
Date filed: 09/04/98
Responses due: 09/24/98
The Commission will post draft telecommunications rules on its Web site by Monday, September 14, 1998. The Commission anticipates opening a rulemaking on those draft rules by the end of September.
You may receive this listing and other PUC publications via our Web site or via internet e-mail.
You may subscribe to the PUC mailing list at http://www.puc.sd.gov


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Tommy Jordan, a North Carolina dad, recently taught his teenage daughter the hard way that nothing on the Internet can really be considered "private."
He pulled out a gun and pumped nine bullets into her laptop - on camera.
When her dad discovered a Facebook rant that she thought she had blocked from him, he decided to respond in a way that will certainly never be forgotten.
read more
Tommy Jordan simultaneously became a hero and a villain when he posted a video of himself firing bullets into his daughter's laptop on Youtube. The laptop-shooting dad appeared on "Today" with his teenage daughter Hannah to talk abo... Read Post
Tommy Jordan has a 15-year-old daughter who doesn't do her chores. Tommy Jordan also has a 15-year-old daughter who has a laptop full of bullet holes. The North Carolina father decided to teach his daughter a lesson for posting a cu... Read Post
YouTube's star of the day, for better or worse: A North Carolina dad named Tommy Jordan who posted a video of himself repeatedly shooting his daughter's laptop after she criticized her parents in a Facebook post, notes Mashable. "Th... Read Post


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US 6265072 B1 Abstract Weatherable multi-layer structures that are ultraviolet stabilized contain a substrate layer of a polymer which degrades upon exposure to UV radiation and at least one ultraviolet protective layer based on a 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate and an effective level of an ultraviolet absorbing compound. The UV absorbing compound is a benzotriazole, a dimeric benzotriazole, a triazine, a benzoxazinone, or a diphenylcyanoarylate.
Claims(27) 1. An ultraviolet stabilized structure comprising:
(a) an ultraviolet protective layer comprising a 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate and an ultraviolet absorbing compound selected from the group consisting of a benzotriazole, a dimeric benzotriazole, a triazine, a benzoxazinone, and a diphenylcyanoacrylate; and
(b) a substrate layer comprising a polymer which degrades upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate comprises an acid component of 100 mole percent carbonic acid residues and a diol component of at least about 70 mole percent 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol.
3. The structure of claim 1 wherein the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate comprises an acid component of 100 mole percent carbonic acid residues and a diol component of at least about 80 mole percent 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol.
4. The structure of claim 2 wherein the diol component further comprises up to about 30 mole percent modifying glycols containing at least four carbon atoms.
5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the modifying glycols are cycloaliphatic glycols.
6. The structure of claim 4 wherein the modifying glycols are selected from 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol.
7. The structure of claim 4 wherein the modifying glycol is 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4-cyclobutanediol are used in their cis-isomer form of about 40 to about 80 percent in the preparation of the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate.
8. The structure of claim 1 wherein the benzotriazole comprises a phenolic residue containing at least a methyl group.
9. The structure of claim 1 wherein the benzotriazole comprises a phenolic residue containing a higher alkyl group than methyl.
12. The structure of claim 1 wherein the dimeric benzotriazole has a�CH2� linkage between phenolic rings of two benzotriazole molecules.
13. The structure of claim 1 wherein the triazine is substituted on all three carbon atoms of the triazine ring with up to three phenolic groups and on the remaining carbon atoms with aryl groups containing no phenolic hydroxyl groups.
15. The structure of claim 1 wherein the benzoazinoine has an aromatic ring between two benzoxazinone rings.
16. The structure of claim 15 wherein the benzoxazinone rings are substituted with alkyl or halogen substituents.
19. The structure of claim 18 wherein R contains a functional group selected from the group consisting of carbomethoxy, hydroxy, an acid group or an ester group.
20. The structure of claim 1 wherein the polymer of the substrate layer is selected from a polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymer, chlorinated polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, nylon, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, and cellulosic.
21. The structure of claim 1 wherein the polymer of the substrate layer is selected from a polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymer, chlorinated polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyetherimide, and polyethersulfone.
22. The structure of claim 1 wherein the polymer of the substrate layer is selected from a polyester or polycarbonate.
23. The structure of claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet absorbing compound is present in the ultraviolet protective layer from about 0.25 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight percent of the ultraviolet absorbing compound and the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate.
24. The structure of claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet absorbing compound is present in the ultraviolet protective layer in an amount sufficient to absorb at least 99 percent of the light in the damaging ultraviolet region.
25. The structure of claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet protective layer has a thickness of about 0.5 mils (12 microns) to about 20 mils (500 microns).
26. The structure of claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet protective layer has a thickness of about 0.5 mils (12 microns) to about 5 mils (125 microns).
27. The structure of claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet protective layer has a thickness of about 1.0 mils (25 microns) to about 3 mils (75 microns).
Description This invention relates to ultraviolet (UV)-stabilized structures that are based on polymeric substrates that are otherwise degraded by UV radiation, such as polyesters, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to such structures having UV protective layers that contain particular aliphatic glycol-based polycarbonates and UV absorbing compounds. Many polymers are not very stable to the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Exposure to UV radiation over extended periods of time causes hazing, property loss and yellowing. This lack of property stability upon exposure to UV radiation has long limited the uses of these materials in outdoor environments. The addition of UV absorbing compounds, sometimes called UV stabilizers, are used to retard the loss of properties and particularly the development of yellow coloration in UV unstable polymers when exposed to UV radiation. The UV absorbing compounds must have an extinction coefficient significantly higher than that of the polymers to be stabilized such that almost all of the incident UV radiation is absorbed by the compounds rather than the polymers. The energy absorbed by the UV absorbing compounds is harmlessly transferred to the polymers as heat rather than transferred electronically to the polymer chains. The fragmentation of the chains is thereby suppressed and the properties of the polymers are retained for a longer time of exposure. Thus, UV unstable polymers that are protected by UV absorbing compounds may be used in applications that have exposure to UV radiation. The UV unstable polymers protected with UV absorbing compounds are typically used in sheet or extruded profile form. Sheeting or profiles made from clear, colored or pigmented polymers are advantageously employed in a great number of outdoor applications when they have sufficient color stability, mechanical property retention and thermoformability. The back side of the sheeting or profile may also be printed on or have a decorated sheet adhered thereto. Representative applications include signs and marquees; vehicle luggage carriers; solar roof panels; skylights; highway sound barriers; greenhouse panels; aquarium walls; parts for motor and recreational vehicles such as windows, roofs, body panels, bug and air deflection screens and vents; transparent or translucent awnings; formed letters for application to buildings; airport runway marker signs; multi-wall sheeting for use in signs; facia for soft drink and juice dispensing machines; and siding for houses. For economic reasons, the UV stabilized polymers are typically made into multi-layer structures having a UV protective layer, which is exposed to UV radiation, and an underlying substrate layer of the polymer, which is protected from the effects of UV radiation solely by the screening of harmful UV light by means of the UV protective layer. In current commercial practice, the UV protective layer contains a UV absorbing compound and a polymeric base material, which is chosen depending on the end use. Typical polymeric base materials include polyesters, polycarbonates and acrylics. The substrate layer is typically a polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymer, chlorinated polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyetherimide or polyethersulfone. The UV protective layer is typically either laminated or co-extruded onto the substrate layer. The UV protective layer performs its protective function as a relatively thin film as compared to the substrate layer, thereby providing cost reduction by reducing the amount of UV absorbing compound needed. The UV stabilized structures may be sheets, films, profiles, or hollow profiles depending on the final use of the UV stabilized structures. The hollow profiles are typically made by connecting two or more sheets with ribbings running the length of the sheeting. The ribbings are spaced so as to provide structural stiffness to the final structures that would otherwise not be present. The ribbings make continuous channels down the length of the structure. In the past, there have been a number of strategies evolved to address the problems associated with UV protection. These strategies fall into two broad categories: 1) use of a UV protective layer of acrylic-based polymer containing a UV absorbing compound to protect the underlying polymeric material, and 2) use of a UV absorbing compound incorporated directly into the polymeric material, usually at a high loading and then applied in a thin layer on the surface of the underlying polymeric material. This first category of using a protective acrylic layer usually, but not always, overcomes the deficiency of instability toward weathering of the underlying polymeric material by means of screening harmful UV radiation from the underlying polymeric material and thereby diminishing any eventual yellowing and property loss from absorbed ultraviolet light. The major problem with such an approach is the lack of a suitable technology for making a construction with this UV protective layer, which is both economical and durable over long periods of time. Because of the vast differences in rheology of the underlying polymeric material usually employed in this case from that of the acrylic material, co-extrusion is not a good option. Therefore, frequently such constructions are made, in the case of sheeting, for example, by the process of extrusion lamination. This process involves the lamination of a film of the acrylic material onto the polymeric substrate during its extrusion and tends to be more costly than a co-extrusion process, which can be used in the second category mentioned above with a heavily loaded UV layer as the co-extrusion layer. Quite often, however, the economics of the process are only part of the problem. Often a major problem with this laminated film approach is one of eventual delamination of the construction, especially in the conditions of high humidity and heat. This renders the construction totally unfit for use when such delamination occurs. An additional problem that often overrides all of those mentioned above, is that the acrylic materials tend to be brittle by themselves and therefore tend to reduce the impact properties of the resultant laminate. This means that even the initial sheeting thus produced tends to have dramatically lowered impact resistance as compared to sheeting not having the acrylic-based UV protective layer. The second category, that of using an UV absorbing compound incorporated directly into the polymeric material, is disclosed, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,480,926, 5,558,912, and 5,709,929. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,929, a multi-layered polyester sheet is produced wherein all of the layers are of the same composition, and one of the surface layers also contains a UV absorbing compound. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,480,926 and 5,558,912 disclose the use of high levels of UV absorbing compounds in polyesters or co-polyesters in co-extrusion or solvent coated constructions. These references, however, specifically teach that only benzoxazinones are suitable UV absorbing compounds to effect not only protection of the polyester or copolyester from discoloration but also loss of impact during the weathering process. It is specifically taught that a benzotriazole-based UV absorbing compound, 2-(-2′-hydroxy-5′-t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, was ineffective in retention of impact strength. U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,307 discloses a multi-layered polyester sheet wherein the layer containing the UV absorbing compound also contains an optical brightener to aid in detection of the layer. The second category of direct incorporation of the UV absorber into the polymeric matrix to be protected has the deficiency that UV light is still able to damage the polymer matrix in which the UV absorbing compound is present, as the UV absorbing compound cannot preferentially absorb 100% of the incident light. That portion of the UV light not absorbed by the UV absorbing compound, even through it may be in a tiny fraction, over long exposure times contributes to damage of the polymeric matrix material in the form of eventual discoloration, usually yellowing, and also property loss, such as eventual loss of ductility in the event of an impact. Thus, a construction is needed where the above-named deficiencies are overcome, where the UV protective layer is itself stable to the effects of weathering, unlike where the heavily loaded polyester or polycarbonate is the UV protective layer, while at the same time it can be made into a structure with long-term integrity. This structure also needs to have impact properties that are not reduced by the presence of the UV protective layer unlike what is seen with constructions having an acrylic layer as the UV protective layer An ultraviolet stabilized structure comprises an ultraviolet (UV) protective layer and a substrate layer of a polymer which degrades upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The UV protective layer comprises a 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate and an ultraviolet absorbing compound selected from a benzotriazole, a dimeric benzotriazole, a triazine, a benzoxazinone, and a diphenylcyanoacrylate. The substrate layer is preferably a polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymer, chlorinated polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyetherimide or polyethersulfone. Weathering resistant, ultraviolet-stabilized structures of the present invention are made using a UV protective layer over a substrate layer or construction. The UV protective layer is a 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate containing an effective amount of a UV absorbing compound. The substrate layer comprises a polymer which degrades upon exposure to UV radiation. The UV absorbing compound and its level are chosen in order to provide adequate protection for the substrate layer underlying the UV protective layer. The UV protective layer comprises the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate as the polymer matrix for supporting the UV absorbing compound. This use of the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol to modify the polycarbonate allows for preparation of a high molecular weight polycarbonate. In addition, the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate is itself stable to UV radiation, thus, overcoming the problems of the prior art. As discussed above for prior art structures, the polymer matrix in the UV protective layer if made of certain polymers degraded upon exposure to UV radiation resulting in eventual yellowing of the UV protective layer. Preferably, the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate comprises an acid component of 100 mole percent carbonic acid residues and a diol component of at least about 70 mole percent, more preferably at least about 80 mole percent, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, based on 100 mole percent acid component and 100 mole percent diol component. The diol component may contain modifying glycols present in amounts of up to about 30 mole percent, more preferably up to 20 mole percent. The modifying glycols preferably contain at least 4 carbon atoms. More preferably, the modifying glycols are cycloaliphatic. The most preferred modifying glycols are 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol. Cis- and trans-isomers exist for both 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. Generally, either the cis- or the trans-isomer can be employed, as well as mixtures of both, in preparation of the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate. A mixture of from about 40% to about 80% cis-isomer is especially advantageous to enable a lower melting temperature for the resultant polymer. Methods of preparing polycarbonates are well known in the art. Preferably, the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate use in the present invention is prepared according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,856,553 and U.S. Ser. Nos. 08/996,597 filed Dec. 23, 1997 and 08/997,432 filed Dec. 23, 1997. These references describe a method in which bulk dimethylcarbonate is reacted with 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol to form the bis(methyl carbonate) and a methyl alcohol by-product. This reaction product is then further reacted under basic catalyst conditions to give the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate. In addition, the modifying glycols can be added during this synthesis and become part of the polycarbonate chain. UV absorbing compounds that are compatible with the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate in the UV protective layer are of several classes: 1) benzotriazoles, where the phenolic residue of said benzotriazole contains at least a methyl group and more preferably contains a higher alkyl group than methyl to enable a lower vapor pressure at temperatures of the melt of the aliphatic glycol-based polycarbonate, 2) dimeric benzotriazoles where there is a �CH2� linkage between the phenolic rings of two molecules of a benzotriazole, 3) triazines which are substituted on all three carbon atoms of the triazine ring with up to three phenolic groups such as described for the benzotriazoles, the remainder of the carbons being substituted with aryl groups with or without alkyl substitution on them but containing no phenolic hydroxyl groups, and 4) benzoxazinones with an aromatic ring between two benzoxazinone rings that may or may not be substituted with alkyl or halogen substituents. These substituents can be on the aromatic ring between the two benzoxazinone rings or more preferably on the benzoxazinone rings themselves, and 5) diphenylcyanoacrylate. Suitable benzotriazole compounds, for use as UV absorbing compounds, are characterized by the following structure: wherein X is an alkyl or aryl substituent or a halogen atom such as chlorine and R1 and R2 are alkyl or aryl groups of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or either one may be hydrogen. These groups may be located in any desired substitution pattern on the ring but are usually ortho- and/or para- to the hydroxyl group. Benzotriazoles are also known to be prepared as essentially dimers of the compounds in Structure I in order to reduce their volatility in the sheet manufacturing process. Such compounds are represented by the following structure: wherein X and R have the same definition as for X and R1 R2, respectively, in Structure I, except that R may not be hydrogen. The R group may be located at will on the ring but is usually located para- to the hydroxyl grouping for greatest synthetic ease. A representative structure of the class of triazine compounds suitable as UV absorbing compounds in the present invention is as follows: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are an alkyl or aryl group. Their position of substitution on the rings may be as desired but is generally ortho- and para- to the bond to the triazine ring for best synthetic ease. One or both of the two groups R1 or R2 may be hydrogen. The R2 group of either or both of these aromatic rings can be an OH group located ortho to the carbon attached to the triazine ring. In such case, R1 is preferably the same description as the OR3 grouping. One such commercially available material, suitable for use in the present invention, is sold under the trade name Mixxim BB-100 from Fairmont Chemical Company of Newark, N.J. Benzotriazoles and triazines are surprisingly useful as UV absorbing compounds in the practice of this invention in light of the teaching of previous patents (described hereinabove). Benzotriazoles are specifically taught to be ineffective in the stabilization of polyesters and copolyesters to impact loss. Suitable benzoxazinones include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,446,262 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,539. These benzoxazinone absorbing compounds are characterized by the following structure: wherein X1 and X2 may be chosen from, but not limited to, the following functional groups: alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, carboxy, ester and nitro. X1 and X2 may also be hydrogen. Thus, more than one functional group may be present on the benzoxazinone ring system itself. Where multiple functional groups are present they may be the same group or different groups. Additional benzoxazinone structures that are considered useful for stabilization of polyesters and polycarbonates against the harmful effects of outdoor weathering are given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,446,262 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,539. One such commercially available material, suitable for use in the present invention, is sold under the trade name Cyasorb 3638 from Cytec Industries. Suitable diphenylcyanoacrylates include those having the representative structure as follows: wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group of from 1 to 20 carbons. Also R may contain a functional group such as carbomethoxy, hydroxy or an acid group or an ester group wherein the alcohol in the ester portion may be from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R′ is an alkyl group of from 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl groups referred to for both R and R′ may be either linear or branched. Appropriate levels of the UV absorbing compound to be placed in the UV protective layer can vary widely from application to application and from UV absorbing compound to UV absorbing compound. In general, however, the level of the UV absorbing compound should preferably not be below about 0.25 weight percent (wt. %) and should more preferably be at the level of about 0.5 wt. % or above. Above about 5 wt. % of the UV absorbing compound, the benefits of additional UV absorbing compound are greatly diminished; and so for that reason and for reasons of economics, such levels are to be avoided. These weight percents are based on the total weight of the UV absorbing compound and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate. Enough UV absorbing compound must be present in the total light path before coming to the substrate layer that at least 99% of the light must be absorbed in the damaging UV region. More preferably at least 99.5% and most preferably 99.9% and above of the damaging UV light should be absorbed by the UV protective layer. The substrate layer of the present invention comprises a polymer which degrades upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. That is, the polymer exhibits unacceptable changes in coloration or physical properties, such as yellowing or loss of impact strength, caused by the exposure of the polymer to ultraviolet radiation. Suitable polymers of this type include polyesters, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymers, chlorinated polyvinylchlorides, polyamides, polyetherimides, polyethersulfones, nylons, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, cellulosics and the like. Preferably, the substrate layer is a polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride polymer or copolymer, chlorinated polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyetherimide or polyethersulfone. More preferably, the substrate layer is a polyester or a polycarbonate because of the manufacturing and physical property compatibility of these materials to the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate. The polyesters useful as substrate layers for the UV stabilized structures are not restricted in any way. They include polyesters or copolyesters and can be made from a variety of diacids and glycols. They may also contain hydroxyacids if desired. Suitable diacids include, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, and the like. Suitable glycols include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, bisphenol A, hydroquinone, and the like. The only real restriction on the polyesters or copolyesters to be used as substrates is that they be fit for use in their intended application, such as having, for example, the transparency or heat resistance appropriate to the application. Particularly, suitable polyesters for use as the substrate layer of the present invention are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or any of its copolymers, mainly due to commercial availability thereof. Copolymers suitable for use may be prepared from PET modified with any of the above diacids and glycols. The polyester resins useful in the invention are well known and are commercially available. Methods for their preparation are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,465,319 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,047,539. The polycarbonates useful as the substrate layer may be prepared from any diphenol or mixture of diphenols. Preferably, the polycarbonate is chosen from bisphenol A polycarbonate or derivatives and/or copolymers thereof. Examples of the derivatives include 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromo bisphenol A polycarbonate. The bisphenol A may be substituted with any aryl or alkyl groups which do not interfere with the production of the final polycarbonate and are generally tetra-substituted with the substituents being ortho to the phenolic �OH groups. Preferred polycarbonates are the parent bisphenol A polycarbonate and its copolymers with other bisphenols such as those described above. Methods of preparing the polycarbonates are well known in the art. The polyvinyl chloride useful as a substrate layer is prepared from vinyl chloride using a suitable polymerization initiator. It may contain comonomers and may also be mixed with plasticizers, such as the dialkyl esters of phthalic acid, and other additives. In the UV stabilized structure of the present invention, the UV protective layer of the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate and UV absorbing compound can be of any desired thickness. From a practical standpoint, the thickness of the UV protective layer should not be less than about 0.5 mils (12 microns) and should not be more than about 20 mils (500 microns). A UV protective layer of less than about 0.5 mil (12 microns) in thickness will be difficult to control in a production setting, while a layer of more than about 20 mils (500 microns) will tend to be uneconomical in most constructions. The preferred layer thickness will be in the range of about 0.5 mils (12 microns) to about 5 mils (125 microns) with about 1 mil (25 microns) to about 3 mils (75 microns) being most preferred. The important point is that a sufficiently thick layer must be deposited which contains the effective UV absorbing compound to render the structure weathering resistant. The methods of preparation of the UV stabilized structure to deposit the UV protective layer on the substrate layer are many and well know in this art. For example, the UV stabilized structures can be prepared by co-extrusion, extrusion lamination or hot press lamination. They can be further prepared by solvent coating of the UV protective layer or by solvent bonding of the UV protective layer onto the substrate layer if desired. In addition, suitable adhesives can also be used such as urethane-based ones should even more permanent bonding be needed. In particular when using polyester or polycarbonate for the substrate layer, the compatibility of the UV protective layer with the substrate layer results in firm adhesion between the layers and so makes for a durable construction. Additionally, the UV protective layer, because it primarily contains the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate, is capable of being solvent bonded or thermally bonded. Such bonding techniques result in excellent adhesion of the UV protective layer to polyesters and polycarbonates, thus forming a permanent construction. This is true even in hot and humid conditions. As used herein, the term �polyester� collectively refers to polyesters and copolyesters, and the term �polycarbonate� collectively refers to polycarbonates and copolycarbonates. The term 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate is refers to the polycarbonate of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol and also copolycarbonates obtained by use of a modifying glycol such as described above. All references cited above are herein incorporated by reference. This invention can be further illustrated by the following examples of preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that these examples are included merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. UVCON testing as reported herein consisted of exposure in a UVCON machine manufactured by Atlas Electric Devices Co., and equipped with 313B bulbs. The black panel temperature of exposure was 70� C. and the condensation cycle was 40� C. The lights were on for 8 hours followed by 4 hours of no light in the condensation cycle operated according to ASTM G154-97. Impact strength was measured by use of the ASTM chip impact method (ASTM D4508-93) with the exception that the clamping device for the test specimen was the same as that used for the Izod test method (ASTM D256) with clamping jaws modified appropriately to hold the specimen in the chip impact orientation. All impacts were conducted with the exposed sample surface facing the hammer so as to put it in extension during the impact event. Color measurements were taken according to CIE recommendations using a HunterLab Ultrascan instrument employing a D65 light source with a 10� C. observation angle and specular included mode on the instrument. All samples were run in duplicate unless otherwise noted and the results averaged. This example illustrates one embodiment of the UV stabilized structure of the present invention. A polycarbonate of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol was prepared to an inherent viscosity (IV) of 0.6 dL/g (0. 25 wt. % in 60:40 phenol:1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). The polycarbonate was dissolved in methylene chloride and sufficient bis[2-hydroxy-5-t-octyl-3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]methane (available under the trade name Mixxim BB-100 from Fairmont Chemical Company of Newark N.J.) added to give 3 wt. % of this dimeric benzotriazole based on the weight of the polycarbonate plus UV absorbing compound. This solution was evaporated and the resultant material granulated. The granulate was dissolved in trifluoromethylbenzene at a concentration of 5 wt. % and the solution coated onto 3 mm thick plaques cut from sheeting of a copolymer of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with 31 mol. % 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The plaques were exposed in a UVCON machine for 1536 hours and the color and haze measured at each 384-hour increment of exposure. The b* value of the color was unchanged from the initially prepared plaques as was the haze of the sample. At the final exposure, impact strength was measured and found to have been retained from the initial material. This example illustrates that without the UV absorbing compound present the color and physical property retention of the copolymer coated with only the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate is not achieved. The same construction as detailed in Example 1 was prepared with the UV absorbing compound omitted. The b* value of the plaque rose rapidly with exposure time reaching more than 5 b* units above the initial value in the first exposure interval of 384 hours. Additionally, at the end of the test, the haze value was much higher than the original plaques and the flatwise impact strength test showed the material to be very brittle. This example illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3,-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate prepared in Example 1 and containing the dimeric benzotriazole compound was pressed into films of from 2 mils (50 microns) to 5 mils (125 microns) thick. These films were then extrusion laminated to the copolyester of Example 1. The copolyester extrusion was conducted at 240� C. set points for all heating zones of the extruder barrel (2.5 inch diameter screw), die adapter and die. The test plaques were cut out and subjected to exposure in a UVCON device. The initial b* value and final b* value after 1536 hours of exposure in the UVCON device were 0.99 and �0.16 respectively (average of four different samples). This slight decrease was acceptable because it was not of sufficient magnitude to be really noticed by an observer in this low color area. Initial haze was 2.08% and final haze was 2.38% (average of four different samples). Sample surface gloss was also very high as with the initial sample. The test plaques were still ductile when impacted. This example illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention. The polycarbonate films from Example 3 were coated with a thin coating of a urethane adhesive (Hauthane HD-2001 from C.L. Hauthaway and Sons Corp.) They were allowed to air dry for several hours and then were extrusion laminated to the copolyester of Example 1. Test plaques were cut and subjected to UVCON exposure as in the other examples. The b* value, haze, surface gloss and impact strength of the plaques was observed to be essentially the same as for the unexposed specimens as noted also in Examples 1 and 3. This example illustrates the practice of this invention using a polycarbonate substrate beneath the UV protective layer. Films of the UV protective layer as detailed in Example 3 are pressed onto sheets of bisphenol A polycarbonate at 150� C. for a period of 30 sec. The cooled plates were tested in a UVCON device against controls of 1) the bisphenol A polycarbonate itself and 2) a coextrusion of bisphenol A polycarbonate which had a 125 micron thick layer that contained more than 5 wt% of a benzotriazole-type UV absorber (this is commercial sheeting from Sheffield Plastics, Inc. with the tradename of Hyzod). After exposure for 1536 hrs, the following color changes in b* were noted along with changes in surface appearance:
As evident from the data above, the Ex. 5 Structure of the invention has a better combination of surface gloss retention and also better control of discoloration than even the coextruded polycarbonate sheet of Control 2. Thus, the present invention is a superior multi-layered structure that has long term weatherability to UV degradation and improved impact resistance. The 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate provides (i) UV stability not only in the substrate layer but also in the UV protective layer and (ii) increased impact resistance in the UV protective layer compared to that of acrylic materials. Further, when used in combination with a polycarbonate or polyester substrate layer, the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-based polycarbonate in the UV protective layer promotes superior adhesion resulting in reduced delamination. Patent Citations
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Well i'm pleased to say the batteries are now in production and shipping, and I have video'd the 6600mAh beast to give you an idea of what it's like compared to the standard battery, and how it looks on the Shift.
Together with the recent GPS enabling ROM, I have to say this has given my Shift a new lease of life, and I am (once again!) very very impressed with the quality of the battery. IMHO it's a must have for Shift owners!
Take a look (if you are that way inclined) and let me know your thoughts!


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The flowing movements and meditative exercises of the mind-body activity Qigong may help survivors of prostate cancer to combat fatigue. These are the findings of a trial study led by Dr. Anita Y. Kinney at the University of New Mexico Cancer Center and Dr. Rebecca Campo at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The study took place at the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, and was published in Springer's Journal of Cancer Survivorship.
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Severe fatigue is one of the most common cancer-related symptoms reported by cancer survivors, particularly for prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This subjective sense of physical, emotional or cognitive exhaustion may persist for months or years following treatment. It greatly diminishes survivors' quality of life by limiting their ability to perform daily activities and causes significant distress.
Because cancer patients are often advised to participate in physical activity as a nonpharmacological way to manage cancer-related fatigue and levels of distress, senior author Kinney and lead author Campo launched a trial study to determine if the mind-body activity Qigong holds any promise for older cancer survivors in this regard. Qigong is performed at a slow pace, is not overly physically exertive, and can even be performed sitting. It combines slow, flowing movements with coordinated deep breathing and meditative exercises.
Forty participants who suffered from high levels of fatigue were recruited for a 12-week randomized controlled trial. The group was on average 72 years old. Half of the group took part in Qigong classes, while the other participants attended stretching classes.
Qigong classes seemed to have been more popular with the participants, as its class attendance was higher than that of the stretching group. More importantly though, according to Kinney, "Qigong participants reported significant declines in how much fatigue or distress they experienced, compared to those who participated in the stretching class."
"Qigong may be an effective nonpharmacological intervention for the management of senior prostate cancer survivors' fatigue and distress," says Campo, who adds that further larger trials would be needed to confirm these benefits in older prostate cancer survivors and in racially and ethnically diverse populations.
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The above story is based on materials provided by Springer Science+Business Media. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
- Rebecca A. Campo, Neeraj Agarwal, Paul C. LaStayo, Kathleen O'Connor, Lisa Pappas, Kenneth M. Boucher, Jerry Gardner, Sierra Smith, Kathleen C. Light, Anita Y. Kinney. Levels of fatigue and distress in senior prostate cancer survivors enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial of Qigong. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 2013; DOI: 10.1007/s11764-013-0315-5
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