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US 7583633 B2 Abstract A CDMA network dynamically generates hard handoff (HHO) target sets to support mobile station HHO. Dynamically identifying CDMA channels or cells as targets for HHO eliminates the need for statically configured HHO target sets. In an exemplary embodiment, a source BSS identifies a first set of channels corresponding to common neighbor cells of the cells associated with the active set pilots and/or reported PBU pilots. This first set may be adjusted by removing any common neighbor cells that include soft handoff target channels, and by adding selected vertical neighbor channels of the active set pilots and/or reported PBU pilots. Channels in the first set may be grouped by carrier frequency and evaluated based on CDMA channel type, BSS affiliation and characteristics, and the target's relationship to the active set to identify a preferred HHO target set. Such operations permit dynamic determination of whether to perform inter- or intra-BSS HHO.
Claims(51) 1. A method of supporting hard handoff of a mobile station in a wireless communication network comprising:
maintaining current active set information for the mobile station in a base station controller (BSC) within a source base station subsystem (BSS);
dynamically generating a hard handoff target set identifying one or more CDMA channels or cells as hard handoff targets based on the current active set information responsive to a hard handoff trigger for the mobile station, wherein dynamically generating the hard handoff target set comprises defining a target set size limit on a per CDMA channel basis, such that a size of the hard handoff target set generated for the mobile station is controlled as a function of the mobile station's current location; and
transferring target set information for the dynamically generated hard handoff target set from the BSC to a target BSS if the hard handoff is an inter-BSS hard handoff.
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generating a common neighbor cell set based on neighbor list information for cells associated with all pilots identified in the active set;
removing any cells from the common neighbor cell set that are soft handoff candidate cells;
generating a first set of CDMA channels that are potential targets for hard handoff by identifying CDMA channels corresponding to the remaining cells in the common neighbor cell set;
supplementing the first set of CDMA channels with selected vertical neighbor CDMA channels, if any; and
evaluating the first set of CMDA channels based on carrier frequency to determine whether to perform an intra-Base Station System (BSS) or an inter-BSS hard handoff, and to identify particular ones of CDMA channels in the first set to be included in the hard handoff target set.
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transferring hard handoff target set information to the mobile station, said hard handoff target set information identifying one or more CDMA channels at one or more frequencies in the hard handoff target set; and
receiving signal strength measurements from the mobile station for at least one of the one or more CDMA channels identified in the hard handoff target set.
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29. A base station controller (BSC) to support hard handoff of a mobile station in a wireless communication network comprising processing and control circuits configured to:
maintain current active set information for a mobile station;
dynamically generate a hard handoff target set identifying one or more CDMA channels or cells as hard handoff targets based on the current active set information in response to a hard handoff trigger for the mobile station; and
transfer target set information for the dynamically generated hard handoff target set to a target Base Station System (BSS) if a type of hard handoff determined from the dynamically generated target set is an inter-BSS hard handoff;
wherein the BSC applies a target set size limit on a per CDMA channel basis, such that a size of the hard handoff target set generated for the mobile station is controlled as a function of the mobile station's current location.
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generating a common neighbor cell set based on neighbor list information for cells associated with all pilots identified in the active set;
removing any cells from the common neighbor cell set that are soft handoff candidate cells;
generating a first set of CDMA channels that are potential targets for hard handoff by identifying CDMA channels corresponding to the remaining cells in the common neighbor cell set;
supplementing the first set of CDMA channels with selected vertical neighbor CDMA channels, if any; and
evaluating the first set of CMDA channels based on carrier frequency to determine whether to perform an intra-Base Station System (BSS) or an inter-BSS hard handoff, and to identify particular ones of CDMA channels in the first set to be included in the hard handoff target set.
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Description The present invention generally relates to hard handoff in a multi-frequency CDMA network and particularly relates to dynamic generation of hard handoff targets. Mobile communication networks, e.g., cellular networks, generally comprise a plurality of defined service areas referred to as cells. In networks based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques, each cell uses at least one CDMA channel, which represents the collection of forward and reverse radio links supporting communication between mobile stations in that cell and the network at a given carrier frequency. In this sense, each CDMA channel may be regarded as the intersection of a particular carrier frequency and a particular service area or cell. Where multiple carrier frequencies are used within one cell, that cell offers a like multiple of CDMA channels, each one operating in a different carrier frequency. More particularly, it should be understood that a typical CDMA channel is based on a defined forward link and reverse link frequency pair. When a mobile station is admitted for service, it is assigned radio link resources on at least one CDMA channel at a particular carrier frequency, e.g., the mobile station is assigned to a particular forward/reverse link frequency pair. If that mobile station moves among cells while its connection is active, the network assigns needed radio link resources on the CDMA channel(s) associated with its new service location. The practice of transitioning radio service from one CDMA channel to another is referred to as �hand off.� CDMA networks offer an opportunity to improve service reliability during handoff by exploiting �soft handoff� wherein the mobile station is simultaneously served by two or more CDMA channels. Soft handoff is referred to as a make-before-break handoff because, from the mobile station's perspective, forward link service begins on the new CDMA channel(s) before it ends on the mobile station's current CDMA channel(s). Indeed, the mobile station's geographic location may be such that it is served simultaneously by three or more CDMA channels. Of course, the benefits of soft handoff must be balanced against the consumption of system resources, since the mobile station must be allocated radio link resources on each CDMA channel used to serve it in soft handoff. Soft handoff is not always desirable, or even possible. For example, the mobile station may move to a new cell that does not offer a CDMA channel on its current carrier frequency. As an example, assume that the mobile station is in Cell A operating on a CDMA channel in frequency F2, with this channel denoted as F2A, designating the CDMA channel corresponding to F2 in Cell A. Further, assume that the mobile station begins moving toward Cell B, which operates only with carrier frequency F1, i.e., the only CDMA channel available in Cell B is F1B. Since the mobile station operates only on one carrier frequency at a time, it cannot be served by both F2A and F1B, and thus must undergo a �hard handoff� rather than a soft handoff. Hard handoffs generally are break-before-make handoffs arising from, as in the above example, a hard frequency handoff. Hard handoffs also are required where the control of a call is transitioning from one Base Station System (BSS) to another BSS. Indeed, the types of hard handoff include intra-BSS and inter-BSS, with the latter case being either an intra-MSC (same MSC) or inter-MSC (different MSCs) type of hard handoff. Within these broad hard handoff types, there are two typical hard handoff triggering mechanisms. A first mechanism is based on Round-Trip-Delay (RTD), which is a measure of round-trip signal delay between a particular mobile station and a particular RBS. Since this delay time is directly proportional to distance, the RTD value may be used to sense when the mobile has moved so far from the serving RBS in a current cell that handoff to another cell is appropriate. A second common triggering mechanism for hard handoffs involves Pilot Beacon Units (PBUs), which are special pilot signal transmitters that identify special border cells marking the transition between systems. As mobile stations report observed pilot signal strengths, the Base Station Controller (BSC) in the mobile station's current BSS can recognize the presence of a PBU channel pilot within a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM) from the mobile station. Thus, the current BSC recognizes when the mobile station is moving toward cells associated with another system by the presence of one or more PBU pilots in pilot signal reports from the mobile station. Regardless of the triggering mechanism, hard handoffs in a conventional network rely on the use of pre-configured handoff targets. With this approach, each cell in the network has defined handoff targets that are specified, for example, as part of network provisioning operation. Significant maintenance overhead thus arises as the handoff target information must be maintained, updated, and its consistency verified, as the network changes, such as when cells are added and/or modified. Among these configuration choices, system operators would have to pre-configure the type of hard handoff to be performed for a given CDMA channel (inter-BSS, intra-BSS), and would have to explicitly configure all of the potentially available target frequencies and cells available. Because of the static nature of these hard handoff configurations, such networks lose the advantage gained through dynamic knowledge of current radio frequency (RF) conditions, CDMA channel availability, etc. As a consequence, statically configured hard handoff types and targets often are too optimistic, leading to failed handoff and interrupted service, or are too pessimistic, leading to inefficient usage of network resources. Thus, what is needed is a hard handoff method that dynamically determines one or more targets for the hard handoff of a mobile station. Preferably, this dynamic approach considers radio conditions and resource availability, and avoids the need for extensive, statically configured hard handoff target information. The present invention comprises a method and apparatus to dynamically generate hard handoff target information to support hard handoff (HHO) of a mobile station in a wireless network. Dynamically generated target information may identify one or more target CDMA channels, or may identify one or more cells from which CDMA channels should be selected based on, for example, resource availability. Regardless, in an exemplary embodiment, dynamic target set generation is based on the mobile station's active set, and may be further based on additional parameters, such as CDMA channel status, and target set size limits that control the maximum number of CDMA target channels to be used, which may be configured on a per CDMA channel basis to maintain a desired balance between HHO reliability and network capacity utilization efficiency. In one or more exemplary embodiments, a source Base Station Controller (BSC) dynamically generates a HHO target set of CDMA channels or cells to support HHO of a particular mobile station. For intra-Base Station System (BSS) HHO, the BSC may generate two HHO target sets: a first, most preferred target set, and a second, less preferred target set. These two target sets may include CDMA channels of different frequencies. Regardless, the exemplary BSC may use both target sets to perform an optimal radio link resource allocation, or may use the second target set if it determines that sufficient resources are not available from the first, more preferred target set. Turning to dynamic target generation details, exemplary dynamic target generation comprises identifying �common neighbor� cells based on manipulating neighbor list information associated with cells corresponding to those pilots identified in the mobile station's active set and, for PBU-based HHO triggers, further includes considering neighbor list information for all PBU pilots as reported by the mobile station in a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM), for example. Regardless, a first set of CDMA channels is identified based on processing the neighbor list information and, optionally, based on adding �vertical neighbor� channels, if any. For RTD-based HHO triggers, the vertical neighbors of interest are the CDMA channels, if any, in the same cells as the triggering active set pilots but at other than the mobile station's current frequency assignment. For PBU-based HHO triggers, the vertical neighbors are non-PBU vertical neighbors of one or more of any PBU pilots reported by the mobile station and/or the vertical neighbors of the active set pilots. Once the first set of CDMA channels is identified, such channels may be evaluated for actual selection of target channels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Such evaluation may be based on, for example, grouping such channels into subsets according to CDMA carrier frequency. Thus, in a multi-carrier CDMA network, there would be as many subsets as there were different carrier frequencies represented by the first set of channels. Subsets may be evaluated to determine a relative preference between them. In one embodiment, the subsets are categorized based on one or more channel parameters associated with the channel(s) in each subset. According to this exemplary method, each subset is evaluated based on determining the channel type, e.g., standard-type or border-type channel, and system affiliation, e.g., same or foreign system, for each channel in the subset. Additional parameters may be considered, such as the number of vertical neighbors within a subset, and the system compatibility of individual channels relative to the current service parameters of the mobile station. In general, standard channels are more preferred than border channels, vertical neighbor channels are more preferred than non-vertical neighbor channels, and same-system channels are more preferred than foreign-system channels. Thus, evaluation of the frequency subsets may be structured to select CDMA channel targets such that intra-BSS HHO is preferred over inter-BSS HHO, but such preferences may be based on additional, more complex considerations. For example, if a first subset of channels would permit an intra-BSS HHO while a second subset would require inter-BSS HHO, the second subset might still be selected for use in generating the target set if some or all of the channels in the first subset are border-type channels. Other bases for preferring one subset to another subset includes consideration of the mix of vertical neighbor CDMA channels and common neighbor CDMA channels within the subset. Thus, with all other parameters alike, the inventive method in one or more exemplary embodiments gives greater preference to subsets with greater numbers of vertical neighbors in them. Such preference is better understood by recalling that vertical neighbors in a particular cell are defined as CDMA channels in the same cell but operating on different carrier frequencies. Additionally, the actual target set generation might be based on fewer than all channels within the selected subset of channels. For example, the network might define target set size limits on a per CDMA channel basis. Thus, the stored set size limit for the CDMA channel corresponding to the triggering pilot in the active set of the mobile station, for example, might be used to reduce the number of CDMA channels to be used as HHO target channels. Using such per-channel target set size limits allows the network to strike a balance between HHO reliability, which is enhanced by targeting a greater number of channels for HHO, and capacity utilization efficiency, which is reduced by using a greater number of channels for HHO. With this approach, one might limit the number of channels in the dynamically generated target set to a relatively small number for CDMA channels in heavily loaded urban areas, and might define larger set size limits for CDMA channels in less heavily loaded rural or outlying areas. Thus, according to the above details, a source BSC may dynamically generate the HHO target set as a set of particularly identified channels intended for inter- or intra-BSS HHO of the mobile station, or may generate the HHO target set as particularly identified cells. This latter embodiment of target set generation may be useful in inter-BSS HHO, where the source BSC is unable to determine the suitability of particular channels in the target system, and thus may simply identify target cells to the target system. In response, the target BSC would identify the particular channels to be used and report the cell IDs and target frequency back to the source BSC for reporting to the mobile station. In general, then, the present invention provides dynamic target generation for mobile station hard handoff, which avoids the need for provisioning the network with complex, statically configured HHO target information. In an exemplary embodiment, the BSC within each BSS is programmed or otherwise provisioned with computer instructions embodying the methods of the present invention, such that an exemplary �source� BSC dynamically generates the HHO target set information in accordance with one or more of the above exemplary embodiments for a mobile station supported by it. That is, an exemplary BSC includes processing and control circuits that are configured to dynamically generate a HHO target set for a particular mobile station supported by the BSC in response to HHO trigger for that mobile station. Where inter-BSS HHO is required (or preferred), the dynamically generated target information may be provided by the generating entity (e.g., the source BSC) for use by the assigning entity (e.g., a target BSC) for final target selection in accordance with current resource availabilities. Those skilled in the art will appreciate further details and advantages of the present invention upon reading the following detailed description, which provides information on one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that network 10 might actually include many other network entities, or collections of entities, that are not illustrated. Such entities might include a Packet Switched Core Network (PSCN), including one or more Packet Data Serving Nodes (PDSNs) to communicatively couple the BSCs 16 with Public Data Networks such as the Internet. Of further note, those skilled in the art will appreciate that actual implementations of network 10 might include multiple MSCs 18, and that different BSCs 16 might be associated with different MSCs 18, and further will appreciate that the RBS-per-cell relationship illustrated may be varied as needed or desired. Indeed, oftentimes a single RBS 14 provides service for two or more cells 12 but the illustrated relationship of one RBS-per-cell provides a simpler basis for illustration and discussion. With regard to the illustration, one sees that BSC1 controls RBSs 14 providing radio coverage over a plurality of cells 12 (Cells 1-8), while BSC2 controls RBSs 14 providing radio coverage over another plurality of cells 12 (Cells 9-14). Those skilled in the art should note that the illustrated arrangement and number of cells 12 controlled by each BSC 16 carries no special significance, and simply provides a basis for discussion. All details regarding the layout of cells 12, RBSs 14, BSCs 16, and so on, may be altered as needed or desired without departing from the scope of the present invention. Regardless, continuing with the illustrated layout, one sees that Cells 1-4 in BSS1 would include �border� type CDMA channels in that these cells abut Cells 9-11 of the neighboring BSS2. In contrast, Cells 5-8 of BSS1, or Cells 12-14 of BSS2 would include �standard� type CDMA channels, assuming that each cell 12 in each of these cell groups only abuts other cells 12 within the same BSS 20. However, even such standard channels may differ in terms of CDMA carrier frequencies, etc. For example, As such, a particular mobile station 22 may be simultaneously served in soft handoff (i.e., multiple CDMA channel assignments) on Ch21 and Ch22, or on Ch31 and Ch32. In other words, a mobile station 22 operating on either carrier frequency F2 or F3 can be served on CDMA channels of that frequency from either or both Cells 1 and 2. In contrast, a mobile station operating on carrier frequency F1 can be served only from Cell 1, i.e., can only be served on Ch11, since carrier frequency F1 is not available in Cell 2. The illustrated scenario gives rise to two observations. First, mobile stations 22 operating on either F2 or F3 can move between Cells 1 and 2 without requiring a change in carrier frequency assignment, and, depending on current radio conditions and resource availability, be served in soft handoff by assigning radio link resources for the same mobile station 22 on both Ch21 and Ch22, or on both Ch31 and Ch32. Second, a mobile station 22 that moves from Cell 1 to Cell 2, if operating on carrier frequency F1, will require reassignment to either F2 or F3. Such a frequency reassignment requires an intra-BSS HHO; here, �intra� denotes that after the HHO, the control of the call remains at BSC 16. Besides these intra-BSS HHOs, the other primary type of HHO involves different BSCs 16, wherein a current (�source�) BSC 16 cooperates with a destination (�target�) BSC 16 to handoff mobile stations 22 between different systems (BSSs 20). It should be noted that The Inter-frequency Inter-BSS HHO function provides the BSS with the capability to handoff a mobile station moving across the coverage area boundary of adjacent BSSs while in active traffic with the BSS. At the handoff boundary, the cells belonging to the source BSS and the target BSS often operate on a different frequency assignment, and possibly on a different band class. Note that the MSC and BSC-MSC A-interface messages are involved in resources allocation for inter-BSS hard handoff. After the handoff, the traffic channel termination point (the Service Distribution Unit or SDU) is moved from source BSS to target BSS. The difference between inter-MSC and intra-MSC hard handoff is transparent to BSC. In contrast, an inter-frequency intra-BSS hard handoff function allows a BSS 20 to provide service to mobile stations 22 that are moving into the coverage area of a cell 12 within the same BSS that does not support the CDMA frequency assignment used by the traffic channels in the mobile station's current active set. Thus, the function is invoked when a mobile station 22 is transitioned between different frequency assignments or band classes, where the traffic channel termination point (SDU) is maintained at the same BSS 20 prior to and after the handoff. The fact that the SDU is not relocated to a different BSS 20 is used in this context as a generalization of intra-BSS handoff to include those cases in which the cells 12 belonging to the target active set may belong to multiple BSSs 20. With these exemplary handoff details in mind, Exemplary processing begins with a source BSC 16 �waiting� for a HHO trigger event for any one of the mobile stations 22 it currently supports (Step 100). Note that the source BSC 22 continues all other call processing and control activities as needed. The triggering event may be a RTD value exceeding a maximum round trip delay threshold, such as where the mobile station 22 is moving away from a supporting RBS 14, or the event may be the presence of one or more PBU pilots as reported by the mobile station 22 in a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM), for example. Responsive to a HHO trigger for a particular mobile station 22, the source BSC 16 generates a �common neighbor� set of cells (Step 102) using active set information for the mobile station 22 and, if the HHO trigger is a PBU-based trigger, additionally using PSMM information, or the like. The particulars of common neighbor cell set generation may be varied responsive to the type of HHO trigger. Thus, as detailed later herein, common neighbor set generation may be varied for RTD-based HHO triggers and PBU-based HHO triggers. With identification of the common neighbor cells, the source BSC 16 then identifies the corresponding CDMA channels, i.e., the CDMA channels that are associated with the set of common neighbor cells (Step 104). These channels may be thought of as a first or initial set of potential target channels. At this point, or later in the dynamic target generation process, the source BSC 16 may consider CDMA channel status. For example, the source BSC 16 may access network information regarding channel states, e.g., �available� or �wilted,� in determining whether a particular channel should be considered as a potential HHO target. Note that the same information might be used later in the process to �keep� or �discard� particular channels from consideration as HHO targets in the final target set. Preferably, the source BSC 16 adds to the initial set of CDMA channels by supplementing it with �vertical neighbor� channels, if any (Step 106). The particular vertical neighbor channels added preferably depends on the type of HHO trigger, as will be detailed later herein. Next, the source BSC 16 �evaluates� the set of potential target channels to identify one or more particular channels to be selected as a �HHO target set� for use in HHO of the mobile station 22. Evaluation of the first set of channels comprises, in an exemplary embodiment, grouping them into one or more channel subsets by CDMA carrier frequency, which process results in generating �Same Frequency Sets,� referred to herein as �SFSs� (Step 108). In more detail, in a multicarrier network environment, the first set of channels likely includes CDMA channels at two or more carrier frequencies, and SFS generation initially is based on grouping subsets by the different carrier frequencies. The channels comprising each SFS may then be evaluated to determine the suitability of that SFS for use in HHO. That is, the SFSs may be evaluated to determine the relative preference of each SFS (Step 110). Data that may be used in such evaluation includes, in an exemplary embodiment, vertical neighbor count, channel types, channel status, system affiliation, and system compatibility. Exemplary channel types include �standard� and �border� channel types, with standard type channels generally being favored over border type channels, since handoff to border channels may cause an immediate invoking of another HHO. Exemplary system affiliation values include �same system� or �foreign system,� with the foreign system designation corresponding to channels supported by other than the current BSS 20. Thus, the same system channels generally are preferred over foreign system channels. Exemplary compatibility values include �compatible� and �non-compatible,� where the �non-compatible� simply indicates that the particular channel in question cannot be used to support the current service option and/or radio configuration of the call, and/or if the systems operate at different protocol revisions, and/or if the individual CDMA channel information of the foreign cells is not available. Based on the evaluation of each SFS, a most-preferred set of SFSs is identified, and one or more of the channels in that most-preferred SFS are selected as the dynamically generated �target set� of CDMA channels (Step 112), and HHO is attempted using the dynamically generated target set (Step 114). Note that the inclusion of a particular channel (or its associated cell) in the target set does not mean that it will actually be used to support HHO of the mobile station 22. For example, where inter-BSS HHO is involved, the source BSC 16 may dynamically generate a target set of cells for HHO, and provide that information to a supporting MSC 18 for transfer to the target BSC 16. At that point, the target BSC 16 determines whether the identified target cells actually have the resources needed to establish radio links to the mobile station 22. If one or more of the identified cells does not have such resources, it will not be used to support HHO of the mobile station 22 in HHO. In another exemplary embodiment, HHO target information based on the dynamically generated target set is sent to the mobile station 22 in support of mobile-assisted HHO (MAHHO). Thus, the mobile station 22 receives information identifying one or more target CDMA channels. Using such information, the mobile station 22 measures signal strengths for the one or more target channels and returns such information to the network 10, i.e., returns it to the BSC 16. The signal strength information is based on pilot signal strength measurements made by the mobile station 22 on one or more target channels. The mobile station 22 may temporarily change its frequency settings as needed to measure the signal strength for target channels at other than its current frequency assignment. The BSC 16 receives the returned signal strength measurement information from the mobile station 22 and may thus use such information to refine, modify, or otherwise adjust the HHO target set. In one exemplary embodiment, the BSC 16 may eliminate CDMA channels from the target set if the signal strength for those channels as reported by the mobile station 22 is unsatisfactory. In another exemplary embodiment, the BSC 16 may use the returned signal strength information to prioritize the channels in the target set, such that channels may be ranked in order of preference based on reported signal strength. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the BSC 16 dynamically generates two target sets for intra-BSS HHO: a first, most preferred target set, and a second, less preferred target set. These two target sets may include CDMA channels of different frequencies. Regardless, the BSC 16 may use both target sets to perform an optimal radio link resource allocation, or may use the second target set if it determines that sufficient resources are not available from the first, more preferred target set. The second target set may be selected from the first set of channels as a less preferred alternative set of targets relative to the most preferred target set. In any case, the above discussion noted that the first or initial set of CDMA channels is identified, at least in part, based on identifying a common neighbor set of cells and on considering vertical neighbor channel information. Identification of the common neighbor set of cells (Step 102 above) involves manipulation of the �neighbor list� information stored in network 10 for each of the cells associated with the pilots identified in the mobile station's active set report (Step 120A and 122). As an example, assume that the active set includes three pilots (P1, P2, and P3), and that P1 is identified as the �triggering pilot,� where an exemplary definition of the triggering pilot is the active set pilot having the smallest RTD value that exceeds its defined RTD trigger threshold. Assuming that P1 is the triggering pilot, designated as Pt, exemplary common neighbor identification involves set processing based on the following equation, Thus, exemplary common neighbor cells are those cells identified in the neighbor list set formed as the union of the neighbor list information for the triggering pilot's cell intersected with the neighbor list information of each cell corresponding to the remaining pilots in the active set�equivalently, the common neighbor set of cells may be generated by intersecting the triggering pilot cell's neighbor list with the union of neighbor lists for the cells associated with any remaining pilots in the active set. From this common neighbor set, exemplary processing identifies and discards any cells that include CDMA channels that are �soft� handoff targets for the mobile station 22 (Step 122). In this context, a soft handoff target is a same-frequency CDMA channel in a neighboring cell. After such soft handoff exclusions, the initial (first) set of CDMA channels may be identified as those CDMA channels corresponding to the remaining common neighbor cells (Step 124). Note that at this point, or at some later point in dynamic target generation, channel status, e.g., available or wilted, may be used to discard unavailable channels from the set of channels to be considered (Step 126). Exemplary processing adds vertical neighbor CDMA channels, if any, to this first set of channels, such that exemplary target set generation considers the universe of channels that are (1) common neighbor channels or (2) vertical neighbor channels. As noted, for RTD-based HHO triggering, the vertical neighbors of interest are the CDMA channels within the cells corresponding to the active set pilots that are at carrier frequencies other than the mobile station's currently assigned carrier frequency (Step 106A). With the addition, processing continues as described above for Step 108 of In this context, the triggering PBU pilot may be identified as the PBU pilot reported as having the greatest signal strength of all reported PBU pilots. Note that PBU pilots �seen� by the mobile station 22 may be reported to the network 10 in, for example, a PSMM or other type of radio environment report message transmitted from the mobile station 22. In any case, the soft handoff candidate cells are discarded as before (Step 122), and the channels in the first set are identified as those channels corresponding to the remaining common neighbor cells (Step 124). As before, particular channels may be dropped from consideration at this point, or at a later point, based on channel status (Step 126). Also, as before, vertical neighbor channels may be included in the first set of channels (Step 106B), but such actions are slightly modified for the PBU-based triggering context. More particular, the vertical neighbor channels of interest include the non-PBU vertical neighbors of the active set pilots, or the non-PBU vertical neighbors of one or more of any PBU pilots reported by the mobile station 22, or a combination thereof. The �non-PBU� requirement simply reflects the fact that PBU-based pilots generally are not associated with ordinary CDMA channels capable of carrying user traffic and thus, a PBU pilot at a different carrier frequency but within the same cell as the triggering pilot technically is a �vertical neighbor� but would not be added to the first set because of its unsuitability for traffic channel assignments in support of handoff. Thus, the looping variable i might be initialized to �0� or some other starting value (Step 130). Then, for SFS(i), the mix of channels (distinguished as vertical neighbor or common neighbor channels) is determined (Step 132). Processing for SFS(i) continues with a characterization of the channels within SFS(i) according to one or more network parameters (Step 134). In an exemplary embodiment, SFS(i) is characterized based on the channel types (standard or border) included therein, the system affiliations (same or foreign) of its included channels, and the channel compatibilities (e.g., current mobile station service options supported or not supported). One approach to such SFS characterization involves the use of channel weighting system wherein each channel in SFS(i) is assigned a weighting value that reflects its relative preference for use as a HHO target. In an exemplary weighting system, a vertical neighbor channel might be preferentially weighted relative to a common neighbor channel. Likewise, a same system channel might be preferentially weighted as compared to a foreign system channel. In any case, the exemplary weighting of an individual channel within SFS(i) reflects its overall attractiveness, and thus may be built up in consideration of channel type, system affiliation, etc. With this approach, then, the cumulative or overall �weight� of SFS(i) may be determined as the combination of channel weightings for individual channels within SFS(i), or determined based on some other channel weight combining scheme. Processing then continues with a determination of whether additional SFSs remain (Step 136). If so, the looping variable i is incremented (Step 138), and the next SFS(i) is evaluated as described above. With evaluation of the last SFS, processing continues with selection of one or more channels of the most-preferred set of SFSs as the dynamically generated target set (Step 112 from An exemplary algorithm for categorizing each SFS for comparison of SFSs to select the target set of channels may be governed by the following high level rules or principles. First, intra-BSS HHO is favored over Inter-BSS HHO if the conditions for intra-BSS HHO are favorable. The conditions for Intra-BSS HHO are favorable if the channel types in SFS(i) are not all border and the vertical neighbor(s) (VN) of the triggering channel are not border type channels. Non-compatible foreign cells are those cells under consideration that belong to a foreign system that is not compatible with the source system. A flag may be maintained to indicate the presence of non-compatible foreign cells corresponding to channels within the SFS. BSSs are considered incompatible if they do not support the service option and/or radio configuration of the current call, and/or if they operate at different protocol revisions and/or if the individual CDMA channel information of the foreign cells is not available. HHO to such cells will have to be of the inter-BSS HHO type. Thus, the presence of such cells corresponds to a next-highest preference because it probably indicates why HHO is needed in the first place. Another reason for triggering HHO is a discontinuity of carrier frequency coverage. Another element of the preference scheme is the avoidance of using border channels as targets. For example, if all channels in the dynamically generated target set were border type channels, there is a significant likelihood that another HHO will be triggered almost immediately after completion of the current HHO. Thus, handing off with all border type channels risks setting up a HHO ping-ponging. In particular, the preference scheme avoids the use of a border type channel that also is a vertical neighbor of the triggering channel. The reason for such avoidance is that if such a channel is a border type channel, it generally indicates that the network operator wants to avoid using that channel as a HHO target. Further, the exemplary preference scheme considers vertical neighbor channels as being more favorable than common neighbor channels, which are those channels corresponding to the common neighbor cell set as described above. The reason for such preference is that vertical neighbor channels generally are better intra-BSS HHO targets than are common neighbor channels. For cases where all vertical neighbor channels in the SFS are border type, or where the vertical neighbor channel of the triggering channel is of type border, and if a defined set size limit has been reached for the first set of channels, the presence of at least one standard type foreign cell will favor inter-BSS HHO over intra-BSS HHO. The basis for this preference is that an intra-BSS HHO would risk ping-ponging as noted above, and thus, these circumstances, it is �better� to move the call (the mobile stations' connection) to the foreign system completely if that option is possible. Finally, in an exemplary embodiment, generation of the target set as all border type cells is allowed as a last resort. Case P2 is satisfied if any SFS exists where the different system (foreign system affiliation) flag as described above is set, i.e., where there is some incompatibility between the source BSS and at least one foreign BSS with respect to system capability (service option support), and or CDMA protocol revision, or the type (border, standard, or beacon) of at least one foreign system channel in the SFS is unknown. If case P1 is not satisfied concurrently with satisfaction of case P2, the source BSS 20 attempts an inter-BSS HHO. Continuing in order of decreasing preference, case 3 is satisfied where any SFS includes at least one standard type common neighbor channel and no vertical neighbor channels, while case P4 is satisfied where any SFS includes at least one border type vertical neighbor channel and at least one standard type common or vertical neighbor channel. If either case 3 or 4 is satisfied, the source BSS 20 attempts an intra-BSS HHO. Failing that, case 5 is satisfied where any SFS includes vertical neighbor channels that all are of type border and further includes at least one foreign system common neighbor channel. With satisfaction of case 5, the source BSS 20 attempts an inter-BSS HHO. In all other instances, case P6, the source BSS 20 attempts intra-BSS HHO. The exemplary logic embodied in Further, as was noted herein, the source BSC 16 may generate the target set information in terms of target cell identifications (IDs), particular for inter-BSS HHO. For example, the target BSC 16 may, in a simple embodiment, report the IDs of the common neighbor cell set as generated above. It may add cell IDs for vertical neighbors as needed or desired, and then report the target set of cell IDs to the target BSC 16, e.g., by reporting target cell IDs to an associated MSC 18. The target BSC 16 would then use the target set cell ID information to determine which CDMA channels within the targeted cells should be selected for HHO. The target BSC 16 may then report cell IDs (it may not use all of the targeted cells) and the selected frequency to be used for HHO back to the source BSC 16. Also, note that the target BSC 16 may generate the target set information as cell ID information rather than target channel information. For example, if channel information is unavailable for one or more channels within a preferred subset of channels in the first set of channels, the target BSC 16 may simply flag these channels, remember their corresponding cell IDs, and then report the cell IDs for those channels as the target set information rather than reporting particular channels. With the above exemplary embodiments in mind, Control and call processing resources 40 may comprise a mix of hardware and software, and may include both dedicated and general-purpose processing resources and storage elements. Preferably, the BSC 16 is provisioned with information supporting the present invention, including neighbor list data, cell type data, etc., along with the computer instructions stored in computer readable media for implementing the various processing and control tasks associated with the present invention. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, the control and processing resources include one or more microprocessors or other digital logic circuits and associated supporting circuitry having access to stored program instructions and supporting data to support functioning as a hard handoff controller supporting the dynamic generation of target channel sets for HHO in accordance with the present invention. Thus, as used herein, the term �handoff controller� should be construed broadly to encompass one or more processing elements and supporting circuits within the BSC 16. BSC circuits may further include interface and switch processing or control elements supporting, for example, control and traffic signaling between the MSC interface 44 and the RBS interface 46. The switching resources 42 may be implemented, for example, as an ATM-based switching fabric routing call traffic and control for the BSC 16. However, as noted, these BSC implementation details are exemplary only, and may be varied as needed or desired. Indeed, the present invention may be varied as needed or desired, particularly in terms of the implementation details associated with common neighbor and target set generation. As such, the present invention broadly encompasses the dynamic generation of HHO targets based not on statically configured target set information, but rather on the mobile station's current radio conditions and cell type information and/or other network topology and frequency information, along with target resource availability. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the above exemplary details, but rather is limited only by the scope of the following claims and their reasonable equivalents. Patent Citations
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That Question "Why are you single??"
Dear friends,
Today was the day, yes that day, the day when in unison with other singletons around the globe I got that question....sighhh
The offender, I mean inquisitor was my local tradesman (known for 2 years) who was doing a few jobs for me around the house. He seemed genuinely, completely and utterly perplexed as to why I would be single. This is not an advertisement feature by the way, ha ha.
I told told him very simply that "I just am and that's the way it is"
My question is 1. Does this question bother you? 2. How do you respond?

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Vincennes Community School Board approved four educational programs last night. The first was a grant application to develop a partnership between Lincoln High School and the George Rogers Clark Historic Park to build a U.S. History curriculum for eleventh graders. The board also approved a ten day program for students enrolled in Kindergarten next school year that may need a jump start on school. That program will run from July 21st through August 1st at Vigo Elementary. A Riley based program to help third graders who need to pass the I-Read Standardized test was also approved. That effort will run for three weeks beginning June 2nd. And finally, the Vincennes School Board approved Summer School classes and dates for the high school. The classes that will include credit recovery, English, Math, and Physical Education will be held at Clark Middle School from June 2nd through June 27th. Clark will be used since Lincoln High School will see major work done on its heating and air conditioning systems this summer.


text: FAA shutdown could cost ILM projects, jobsA partial shutdown of the Federal Aviation Administration is having an effect on our airport. As time goes by before Congress passes a bill to end the shutdown, big projects at Wilmington International are in jeopardy. Disclaimer: Comments posted on this, or any story are opinions of those people posting them, and not the views or opinions of WWAY NewsChannel 3, its management or employees. »Reply |


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Mepps® Magnum Musky Killer
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Mepps® Magnum Musky Killer, specifically designed to handle hogs.
BIG fish want BIG baits, and the Magnum Musky Killer is about as big as they come! It's outfitted with all the features musky and trophy pike fishermen look for in a big lure, like the heavy #7 solid brass blade for maximum thumb and flash, easy-change bucktail, premium heavy-duty VCM 5/0 cone cut treble hook. 1 1/ 4 ozs.
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text:
El Nino Pattern Causing Milder Hurricane Season
Tuesday, July 31, 2012 - 8:22am
CAMERON COUNTY — It might not be the hurricane season we expected, but it might just be the one we hoped for because forecasters had originally predicted several big name hurricanes this summer and fall. That was before an El Nino pattern developed in the Pacific and causing a milder season as Steve Drillette, from the National Weather Service in Brownsville, stated, "In that aspect there is more wind shear across the Gulf and Atlantic that it is a detriment to hurricane formation."
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"The series of incidents that has angered Afghans has strengthened public support for the Taliban. Much of that support is now based on widespread opposition among ordinary Afghans to the Western military presence in their country," he said.
Taliban threaten to behead troops →
"The shooting incident in Kandahar province enhances the ability of Taliban leaders to play off popular anger against NATO and the United States," said Paul Pillar, a CIA veteran and former national intelligence officer for the Near East and South Asia.


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Today was my little sisters 9th birthday party.
As present, she was given the Avengers soundtrack. (Plus a poster, a Thor PEZ dispenser, an avengers backpack and notebook.)
When she wasn't looking, I took the CD, importing the songs to my computer, and then transferring them to my I-pod.
She didn't even notice.
So Far My favorite Song from it is "I'm Alive" By Shinedown. It's really catchy! I already know almost all the lyrics! XD
For my Birthday I swear all anyone has to get me I-tunes cards and anything related to the Avengers and I'll be super happy... like seriously.


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USF Wind Ensemble's Season Finale Concert: The Great Commission
Tuesday, April 22, 7:30 PM
The USF Wind Ensemble's final concert of the season features two compositions composed in part for the USF Wind Ensemble. Hear the Florida premiere of the new Concerto for Alto Saxophone by Frank Ticheli, featuring Dr. Clifford Leaman, professor of Saxophone at the University of South Carolina; and the 2nd movement of Symphony 9 by David Maslanka. The concert will also showcase the percussion section on a performance of Karel Husa's Concerto for Percussion.
USF School of Music-Concert Hall
3755 W. Holly Drive
Tampa, FL
United States
See map: Google Maps
Presenting Organization
Ticketing Information
Advance Purchase: $8 Seniors/Students; $12 Gen. Adm.


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I read somewhere that you can bury a lateral vine and it will turn into a rhizome... any truth to this? I planted my first year hops this year and they are looking great so I'd like to have a few more to plant next spring.
I did this earlier this year. So far they just turned into thin roots, most of them I killed by accidentally uprooting them while weeding. Oh well. It maybe better to wait till the third year or so, when the roots are starting to spread and divide into separate rhizomes by themselves.
I have red this as well, and it will probably work, butttt...... This is my first year with hops but strawberries do something similar. I would want the plans to get established fist before thinking of propagation. If you want more plants you can always buy more rhizomes and they would have a head start form the side shoot. link
rhizomes will form off the main root ball. You will have more than you know what to do with after a couple of years. Setting sidearms or primary bines into the ground does not mean they necessarily will form rhizomes. As is noted, they form little rootlets off the buried section, but that does not constitute a rhizome fit for propagation.
I tried that last year with my first year hops. Some started climbing the twine, but they didn't produce. This year, they didn't come back. I do, however, have "runners" trying to get out of the border I built around them. If you wait a couple years or three, you'll have more hop plants than you need. I've also read that if you put the cuttings in a bucket of water, they will grow roots. I don't know if they'll become viable plants, but it wouldn't hurt to try. I had so many bines this year that I gave up trying to trim them all back.
Source: Using Hops, The Complete Guide To Hops For The Craft Brewer by Mark Garetz, page 20... "The rhizome of the hop plant is an underground stem that stays in the ground from year-to-year and is the real perennial part of the plant. From the rhizome the roots grow downwards and hop shoots will sprout in the spring. Each one of these shoots can become a bine."
I have read that cuttings will grow roots and then rhizomes. In the book "Homegrown Hops" by David R. Beach, he says that he has stated new plants from cuttings. I sure hope it works, I have a bunch going strong and looking forward to next year. Check out this thread. Especially pay attention to the last post.http://www.homebrewtalk.com/f92/plan...ttings-181728/
"Carpe Diem"
I ordered some hop plants from Richters herbs and I am sure that is the way they do their stuff. They ship out live plants in small pots, maybe 2x2x2 pots. When you take them out, there is really no rhizome "stick", just a root ball. I have 6 varieties from the regular rhizome cutting, and another 4 from the living plant method, and all are growing, but the rhizome ones are farther ahead by probably a month. The living plant ones are all growing now, but I have 2 that just broke ground this week. So if you are going to try this, give it LOTS and LOTS of time, and don't expect much to happen. I was actually shocked to see the last two come up, they have been under ground for probably close to 6 weeks.


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PAIR OF: Black tuxedo kittens. Male & female. Would love to go together. Fully vetted, very sweet & loving. Call 860-663-3867.
APPLE FACED SIAMESE: Male cat needs home. Found abandoned, fully vetted & needs loving home. Call 860-663-3867.
SEAL COLORED: Lynx Siamese female. Gorgeous, rescued from streets of Hartford. Fully vetted, sweet & loving. Call 860-663-3867.
ANIMAL LOVERS: Financial help needed. Any donation is greatly appreciated and tax deductible. Out to Pasture Farm & Rescue, P.O. Box 310174, Newington, CT. 06131. www.outtopasture.org.
CRITTER SITTERS OF NEWINGTON: Daily/Vacation In-Home Dog/Cat Care, Overnight Pet/House Sitting. Bonded/insured/experienced. Pets stay safe, healthy & happy while you're away. Visit us online at WWW.CRITTERSITTERSCT.COM or call 860-306-2334.
LUCKY LARRY NEEDS A HOME: Was living outside in the cold! Sweet & Affectionate black/white male cat, only 1 year old, fully vetted, call 860-663-3867.
ANIMAL ALLIANCE WELFARE LEAGUE (AAWL): As of January 2015 we have neutered/spayed over 6,000 cats. We are a 501C3 non profit charity for over 25 years. We serve the greater Hartford area. Our mission is to perform TNR (trap-neuter-release) of feral/stray cats. We are an all volunteer organization and are looking for cat lovers to foster kittens, to feed feral cat colonies and to transport cats to and from clinics. Monetary donations and cat food greatly appreciated. Contact AAWL, P.O.Box 1775, New Britain, CT. 06050 or call Linda 860-518-6579. Thank You!!


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We did it. Our 19 strong Team Angus completed e London Bikeathon 2014 cycling the 100, 52 and 26mile routes. The weather was perfect and the atmosphere electric. We would also like to say a big thank you to everyone who travelled to London to support us and all of you who have donated to our page. A special mention must go to Rory Wells who was the fastest cyclist up Box Hill and Julie Wells who tackled the 100 route with guts and determination finishing in just over 7 hours.
In 2013 we all made it to the finish and before the heavy rains set in. It was a great day with an amazing atmosphere and very inspiring to see so many cyclists wearing LLR shirts cycling though London. We even made the highlights video!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m20qAbAtdTU
We have decided to set up a team page for sponsorship and appreciate your support. The team so far: Angus, Julie & Rory Wells, Tim Aspeling, Andy Hodgson, Alison Roden, Tom Blunt, James & Kathryn Rowland, Tim Pennington, Dean, Max and Ashleigh Tyrell, Alison & George Reynhart, Jane Hopkins, Clare Stanton- Thompson, Krissy & Marek Lenartowicz and of course us 3 Elizabeth, Jonathan and Edward.
OUR STORY -The Angus Rowland ForgetMeNot Fund
Angus was diagnosed with Acute Myeloid leukaemia in October 2010. Despite 3 courses of chemotherapy his leukaemia would not go into remission and we came home at the end of February with nothing more to be done.
Extensive research by his medical team found another experimental treatment to try but this also was unsucessful so Angus came home again at the end of April knowing that his disease was terminal. He was so positive and brave throughout full of life and ideas. He lived for his friends and his music and was surrounded by both to the end. Angus died on May 26th 2011 at home aged 14 and a half.
His friends, family and Mollydog miss him every second of every day and would like to save others from the pain and anguish of losing their loved one. Please support us in our efforts to make a difference and find treatments for leukaemia.
We know that the remission rate for AML is much lower than ALL (the more common form of chillhood leukaemia) and it can be very difficult to treat in teenagers. Although much is known about AML at a molecular level this has not translated into treatments. We would like to raise money to fund research to bridge this gap and provide treatments for young people like Angus.
Thanks for taking the time to visit our JustGiving page.
Donating through JustGiving is simple, fast and totally secure. Your details are safe with JustGiving – they'll never sell them on or send unwanted emails. Once you donate, they'll send your money directly to the charity. So it's the most efficient way to donate – saving time and cutting costs for the charity.


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13-Year-Old Cyclist Seriously Hurt After Being Hit by Cab, Police Say
By Aidan Gardiner on July 21, 2014 9:07am
MANHATTAN — A 13-year-old boy was seriously hurt Sunday when a green borough taxi hit him as he rode his bike in Manhattan Valley, police said.
The boy, whose name was not released, was not wearing a helmet when he rode through a red light on West 108th Street at Manhattan Avenue and was hit by the southbound Toyota Sienna about 3 p.m., an NYPD spokesman said.
The boy was taken to Harlem Hospital with serious injuries but in stable condition, police said.
The 57-year-old driver, whose name was also not released, remained on the scene and was not expected to face any criminal charges, a police spokesman said.


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Hamas is said to pay for a bloated and corrupt bureaucracy by taxing Gaza laborers ... and robbing the odd bank.
GAZA CITY, Gaza — On a hot day in early April, men and school-age boys dig for stones and pieces of brick in the crumbling ruins of the Erez Industrial Zone. This former settlement housed Israeli and Palestinian textile, clothing and furniture factories that employed 4,000 Gazans before Israel's 2005 unilateral disengagement. The raw materials now scavenged from the Erez rubble are largely forbidden under the Israeli blockade, yet desperately needed for construction projects across Gaza.
Three months ago, when the scavenging industry at Erez was attracting more than 1,000 workers and at least 50 teams of traders, the Hamas government declared it public property and imposed a fee of 30 shekels ($8) per ton of rocks collected. Last month, after traders resisted the fee, police bulldozers sealed off the roads and donkey paths and impounded the trucks of traders caught without receipts.
"The government is living off the blood of the people," said one trader, whose anger was shared by many. "This area had a good income for a huge number of [people] who did not have jobs. Now we have almost no profits." This trader had been earning 1,000 shekels a day and now earns about 100 shekels a day. He is the sole breadwinner for a big extended family and had been unemployed before buying and selling materials from Erez six months ago.
Many traders have slashed the rates they pay to scavengers, citing the new Hamas fees. Nasha'at Hamad, 17, and his 14-year-old brother together used to earn about 300 shekels per day collecting about one ton of rocks. In poverty-stricken Gaza, this is a sizable income for unskilled laborers. Most taxi drivers earn 80 to 100 shekels for 12 hours of work. After Hamas imposed the fees at Erez, the brothers together brought home only 50 to 70 shekels a day. Both left school two years ago to scavenge at Erez because their family had no other source of income. "The situation is a disaster," said Nasha'at Hamad. "It's very hard work. You have to wake up at 5 a.m. Sometimes we go home sick."
At Erez and across Gaza, Hamas has introduced new fees that directly impact ordinary civilians, including a 25 percent tax on suppliers of cheap petrol smuggled from Egypt, a 20-shekel application fee for the thousands of Gazans seeking teaching jobs and a 900-shekel vocational license for small businesses.
Analysts suspect that Hamas is struggling to finance its bloated bureaucracy, which has grown from about 20,000 employees in 2008 to 30,000 employees, about half of whom are connected to the military or police. Over the past few months, Hamas — which once prided itself on always paying salaries on time, in contrast to its Fatah rivals — has paid the salaries of its teachers and doctors more than two weeks late.
In another apparent sign of financial trouble, Hamas policemen raided a local bank on March 29 and forcibly seized $270,000 from the account of a Hamas-affiliated charity. The account had been frozen by the Fatah-ruled Palestinian Authority.
Economist analyst Omar Sha'aban said, "There is a financial crisis. There is a shortage of resources. It's very clear. Like any country in financial crisis, Hamas is going to the people. But they're not thinking about how to reduce their expenditure."


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In reply to my last journal entryI did realize I kind of overexaggerated. At the time I was writing it I was being pretty emotional & crying a lo-ow, the girls across the table just folded it up on me. okay.I'm writing this during lunch so I should've seen that cominganyway I was being pretty emotinal when I wrote my last journal entry and I realize I kind of overreacted about the whole situation. I might be depressed and maybe a bit suicidal but I don't think I'll ever be brave enough to chop my own fingers off, let alone end my own life.I just want to say I appreciate all of the support you guys (especially :iconlefty343:, :iconfuzzecka:, :iconemilt7654:, & :iconmien-cat gave me during that journal entry. Though I asked you guys not to give me sympathy you still did, but it did make me feel a lot better, so thank you. As what I have seen most of you guys can relate, and it makes me feel better to know a few people actually read my journal entries.I have heard a lot of stories from all of you and
Very nice.


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Junior Member
Hello, I am currently looking for a 5v5 team . my name is torkz72 Normal game wins: 469 Current solo/duo rank: 11W/3L 1517 Elo I am a support main and i also jungle if need be but rather support. thank you
hey im making (or looking for a team) i adc u want to join (my elo is low this season because my friend got on my account and lost 7-8 games in a row in solo q yea ill add u and u need skype
2 k
Senior Recruiter
if you guys are looking for a mid or a top i can play that role quite well. i am 1485 and i play well with teams. ive played in three tournaments before. feel free to add me deathbythearrow if you want other wise thanks :P
ok im making a team do u have skype i need to talk to u for a bit so see how u play and want u play but i would love u on my team illl add u now
i added u
I'm looking for a team as well I main jungle but I could also fill other rolls if needed Summoner name Vorclex


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What does 286 mean in File Extensions?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand 286 in the Computing field in general and in the File Extensions terminology in particular.
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We are a fashion marketplace on the web, selling trendy products from unique designers. We provide merchants small and large a place to sell their goods and a place for shoppers to explore everything from clothing, to shoes, to accessories. ShopLately brings new, hot, and affordable fashion to you daily. So shop now, shop often!
Let's break down what ShopLately is all about
Choose from a variety of clothing, jewelry and accessories at affordable prices! Each day, we bring you Sale Events packed with limited-time offers and discounts as well as regular-priced items. We want you to browse, discover, shop, and enjoy. |
Selling clothing and accessories has never been easier! Create and manage your own store page where you can sell both full price and discounted items. Run limited time sale events and track your orders, returns, inventory and shipping easily with our user-friendly Marketplace. It's really that easy, so start selling on ShopLately today! Interested in selling on ShopLately? Simply fill out the short form. MERCHANT FORM |


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Free trade deal an opportunity for car component makers
PUBLISHED: 18 Feb 2014 05:31:08 | UPDATED: 18 Feb 2014 05:31:08PUBLISHED: 18 Feb 2014 PRINT EDITION: 18 Feb 2014Free access to the massive Korean automotive manufacturing sector presents a potentially valuable and well-timed opportunity for Australian component makers.
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As you've probably heard by now, the actress Portia de Rossi gave an interview on Oprah this week about the eating disorder she struggled with in her twenties. One of the exacerbating factors in her illness, she says, was her role on Ally McBeal.
(In case any of you are too young to know the reference [OH GOD AM I THIS OLD], Ally McBeal was a mid-nineties David E. Kelley show, starring Calista Flockhart as the eponymous young lawyer. Like all David E. Kelley shows I am aware of, it started out playing its narrative straight, an excellent if ordinary show about a young lawyer and an imaginary dancing baby. But within about three seasons it degenerated into Kelley's particular brand of "quirk," which made it frequently incomprehensible. I'm sure it's Netflixable.)
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TU Vienna researchers Markus Hatzenbichler and Klaus Stadlmann with their micro 3D printer. Photo: Courtesy of TU Vienna.
In April, I wrote about the Additive Manufacturing Revolution, reporting on 3D Systems global engineering head Rajeev Kulkarni's prediction of the arrival of $500 3D printers by next winter's holiday season. In keeping with general technological trends, 3D printing will not only become more affordable, as Kuklarni predicts, but also increasingly portable.Mechanical engineers at the Vienna University of Technology have revealed a prototype of a miniature 3D printer that—unlike other so-called "desktop" versions that occupy significant space—is truly desktop-worthy. The tiny printer weighs only 3.3 pounds and creates microscaled, high-resolution resin prototypes using high-intensity LED lights. Currently priced at $1,700, TU Vienna researchers predict cheaper future versions, including devices that print ceramic materials.Given these remarkable developments, 3D desktop printing is poised to penetrate the DIY market significantly in the near future.
Along with this, incredibly small 3d printer heading into homes we are seeing a massive uptake in the use of 3D printing through online services such as www.shapeways.com We are currently receiving over 13,000 files per month for 3D printing and growing very fast. Duann
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What's New
• Graphs! View your progress visually with the new graph plots. View a chart of your max, min, and average reps and weights per set, or see your total reps and weight across all sets for a given workout. Graphs are viewable on a per-routine basis so you can chart your overall progress for a given workout or on a per-exercise basis to focus on just a single exercise's progress. You can even view graphs for every workout you've ever done via the Graphs row on the Settings tab!• Keyboard has forward and backward buttons to more easily navigate between rep, weight, and note text boxes, especially on the iPad.
• Keyboard also has shortcut buttons for quickly adding or subtracting 1 rep from a set or 10 lb/kg from the weight amount.
• Bug fixes.
Please review the app after every update if you like it. It really helps us!
App Description
Workout, log, and improve your body with Gym Log+! Gym Log+ helps you reach your fitness goals and achieve results. Whether it's your first day in the gym or you're already a dedicated athlete, Gym Log+ is the best app for logging all your workouts!Fast and Easy
• Loads fast with an easy-to-use interface—just tap the one big log button to record your workout sets
• No account registration needed—use the app immediately without having to sign up with a username, password, or email address
• Just swipe with your finger to switch between exercises while logging a workout
• Both your current and past workout sets are shown side-by-side, encouraging you to match or exceed your prior workout
• Rest timer autostarts after logging so you know when to perform your next set... even if you're checking your texts between sets
• Autofill option automatically fills in the next set from your past workout after logging your current set
• Rest timer notification shows your next workout set so you don't even have to switch back to the app or unlock your phone to know what to do next
• Workout dates and sets can be changed after logging, letting you enter any past workouts
Track Your Progress
• Body tracking lets you log body weight, body fat %, pulse, and blood pressure—it even calculates your BMI
• Photo log feature tracks your before and after pictures, so you can see the difference
• Graphs plot your progress visually by charting your max, min, and average reps and weights per set and your total reps and weight across all sets
• Statistics show your min, max, average, and total reps and weight for each exercise
• Workout comparison tool lets you compare workouts set-by-set to show your improvement
• One rep max calculator shows your 1RM and several percentages of your 1RM along with a suggested rep count for each weight amount
• Cardio workouts are also loggable for those warmups on the treadmill
• Includes over 150 exercises and 6 workout routines to help get you started, or add your own custom exercises and routines
• Rest timer has customizable times and sounds and notifies you even outside the app
• Supports both imperial (pounds) and metric (kilograms) units
• Customizable appearance lets you change the background and foreground color, or set your own photo as the background wallpaper
• Workout data can be exported and imported via email
• Multiple user support: more than one person can track their workouts on the same device—great for families that share an iPad
• International support: can log workouts in almost all languages
Workout today with Gym Log+!
App Changes
April 10, 2014 Price Decrease: $2.99 -> $1.99
April 10, 2014 New version 1.23
March 12, 2014 New version 1.21.1
March 07, 2014 New version 1.21
February 20, 2014 New version 1.20
February 14, 2014 New version 1.19
January 02, 2013 Initial Release


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Our Community
Your Core is Important!
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Circuit Training
Gain lean mass and lose fat, sounds great! We found an awesome article detailing the benefits of adding a circuit routine to the mix. Can you hang with the intensity?...
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Pull Up Challenge
How much can you bench? The real question should be, how many pull ups can you do? Pull ups are a great barometer of upper body strength, most like squats are to the lowe...
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ambient air quality monitoring Companies in Virgin Islands
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc. (TAPI)
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Teledyne-API, Inc. designs and builds precision gas analyzers in San Diego, California for use worldwide in ambient, CEMS, and process applications. Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc. (TAPI) is a world leader in the design and manufacture of analytical instrumentation for precision gas analysis. Known for Environmental Instrumentation. TAPI offers a ...
RWDI AIR Inc.
based in Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
RWDI is a leading Canadian consulting engineering firm concentrating in the areas of air quality, risk analysis and noise assessment. RWDI AIR Inc. is part of the RWDI Group of Companies, which has Canadian offices in Vancouver, Calgary, Guelph, Ottawa and Windsor, and international offices in Florida, London, Abu Dhabi, China and India. WDI has evolved from a tiny local ...
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based in Abu Dhabi, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
WKC works primarily on projects based within the Middle East and Africa; our worldwide network of consultants and associates also allows us to put competitive teams together to meet our client`s global needs. WKC`s aim is to assist our clients in meeting their environmental and sustainability responsibilities, and achieving compliance with the environmental legislative ...
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based in Kota, INDIA
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based in Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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based in Newbuuryport, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
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based in Skedsmokorset, NORWAY
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based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
Cerex Monitoring Solutions develops and manufactures high-tech CEMs, Process, Open Path Ambient and Portable real-time multi-gas monitoring solutions. Providing simple, effective, customized systems for industry, government and the community, Cerex systems have the capability to perform multi-component analysis with a single instrument.
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