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Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
E-Print Network (OSTI)
for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Paul Mathew,efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to trackalso use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide
Mathew, Paul
Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Paul Mathew,efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to trackalso use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide
SciTech Connect
This guide describes energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to track the performance of and identify potential opportunities to reduce energy use in data centers. This guide is primarily intended for personnel who have responsibility for managing energy use in existing data centers - including facilities managers, energy managers, and their engineering consultants. Additionally, data center designers may also use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide for goal-setting in new construction or major renovation. This guide provides the following information: (1) A step-by-step outline of the benchmarking process. (2) A set of performance metrics for the whole building as well as individual systems. For each metric, the guide provides a definition, performance benchmarks, and potential actions that can be inferred from evaluating this metric. (3) A list and descriptions of the data required for computing the metrics. This guide is complemented by spreadsheet templates for data collection and for computing the benchmarking metrics. This guide builds on prior data center benchmarking studies supported by the California Energy Commission. Much of the benchmarking data are drawn from the LBNL data center benchmarking database that was developed from these studies. Additional benchmark data were obtained from engineering experts including facility designers and energy managers. This guide also builds on recent research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Save Energy Now program.
Mathew, Paul; Ganguly, Srirupa; Greenberg, Steve; Sartor, Dale
Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andEnergy Use Intensity 28 Laboratory Benchmarking Guidethe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide can
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andfor Reheat Energy Use Factor Cleanroom Benchmarking Guidethe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide can
Hours (full cooling) Electrical Power Chain dP1 UPS Peak20 Electrical Power ChainBenchmarking Guide 6. Electrical Power Chain Metrics ID P1
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andthe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide candesigners and energy managers. This guide also builds on
data items. Figure 9. Benchmarks for total system pressuredrop. The benchmarks in figure are basedcomponent pressure drop benchmarks shown in figure below, as
Building Site Energy Intensity (BTU/sf-yr). A Performance Benchmarkand benchmarks that can be used to track the performance of and identify potential opportunities to reduce energy use in laboratory buildings.
Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks,...
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Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3392E Year of...
Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks...
Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3393E Year...
Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks...
Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number...
Action-Oriented Benchmarking:
Feb-2008 submitted to Energy Engineering Feb-2008 submitted to Energy Engineering Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Concepts and Tools Evan Mills, Paul Mathew & Mary Ann Piette, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Norman Bourassa & Martha Brook, California Energy Commission ABSTRACT Most energy benchmarking tools provide static feedback on how one building compares to a larger set of loosely similar buildings, without providing information at the end-use level or on what can be done to reduce consumption, cost, or emissions. In this article-Part 1 of a two-part series-we describe an "action-oriented benchmarking" approach, which extends whole-building energy benchmarking to include analysis of system and component energy use metrics and features. Action-oriented benchmarking thereby allows users to generate more meaningful
Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks
The key metrics and benchmarks to evaluate the efficiency ofEfficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks Paul A. Mathew, WilliamEfficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks Paul A. Mathew, Ph.D,
Mathew, Paul A.
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency in Laboratories
Report 4-10-08 Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiencybenchmarking database. The benchmarks for standard, good andefficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, which
Mathew, Paul; Rumsey Engineers
2004 pro- vide an additional benchmark. F O R T H E Table 3.Performance Metrics & Benchmarks Notes A performance MetricBTU/sf-yr). A performance Benchmark is a particular value of
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Cleanrooms are among the most energy-intensive types of facilities. This is primarily due to the cleanliness requirements that result in high airflow rates and system static pressures, as well as process requirements that result in high cooling loads. Various studies have shown that there is a wide range of cleanroom energy efficiencies and that facility managers may not be aware of how energy efficient their cleanroom facility can be relative to other cleanroom facilities with the same cleanliness requirements. Metrics and benchmarks are an effective way to compare one facility to another and to track the performance of a given facility over time. This article presents the key metrics and benchmarks that facility managers can use to assess, track, and manage their cleanroom energy efficiency or to set energy efficiency targets for new construction. These include system-level metrics such as air change rates, air handling W/cfm, and filter pressure drops. Operational data are presented from over 20 different cleanrooms that were benchmarked with these metrics and that are part of the cleanroom benchmark dataset maintained by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Overall production efficiency metrics for cleanrooms in 28 semiconductor manufacturing facilities in the United States and recorded in the Fabs21 database are also presented.
International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative; Mathew, Paul A.; Tschudi, William; Sartor, Dale; Beasley, James
energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, at the whole buildingBuilding Site Energy BTU/sf-yr). A performance Benchmark isBenchmarks Good Practice ID Building B1 Name Unit Building Site Energy
Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Using the CEUS Database to Benchmark Commercial Buildings in California
Using the CEUS Database to Benchmark Commercial Buildings infeatures allow users to �benchmark� the presence or absencefor Required Building Data Benchmark Applicable Metrics &
benchmarks that are based on the actual measured energy use of comparable buildings.energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, which have been developed and applied to several laboratory buildings �building targets be evaluated against empirical benchmarks that are based on the measured energy
Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Concepts and Tools
opportunity assessment process can then be used to inform and optimize a full-scale audit or commissioning process. We introduce a new web-based action-oriented benchmarking...
How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems
Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data CenterUp? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data CenterHigh Med/High Figure 4. Benchmarks for Return Temperature
A wide spectrum of laboratory owners, ranging from universities to federal agencies, have explicit goals for energy efficiency in their facilities. For example, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) requires all new federal buildings to exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2004 1 by at least 30 percent. The University of California Regents Policy requires all new construction to exceed California Title 24 2 by at least 20 percent. A new laboratory is much more likely to meet energy efficiency goals if quantitative metrics and targets are explicitly specified in programming documents and tracked during the course of the delivery process. If efficiency targets are not explicitly and properly defined, any additional capital costs or design time associated with attaining higher efficiencies can be difficult to justify. The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance on how to specify and compute energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, at the whole building as well as the system level. The information in this guide can be used to incorporate quantitative metrics and targets into the programming of new laboratory facilities. Many of these metrics can also be applied to evaluate existing facilities. For information on strategies and technologies to achieve energy efficiency, the reader is referred to Labs21 resources, including technology best practice guides, case studies, and the design guide (available at www.labs21century.gov/toolkit).
simulation (for design) or energy audits (for retrofit), asconventional benchmarking and energy audits. Whole BuildingBenchmarking Investment-Grade Energy Audit Screen facilities
Mills, Evan; California Energy Commission
the power distribution units and transformers outside thesystem, efficient transformers and power supplies provide
chillers, pumps, cooling towers. If load is not directlychillers, pumps, cooling towers) in terms of energy input
factor for fuel oil (BTU/ BTU) SFo: Source factor for otherOil Other fuels District Chilled water District hot water District steam Source
itself constitute an energy audit procedure or checklist. (may be used as part of an energy audit procedure, or to helpaudit to identify equipment that may be turned off or retired. � Procuring more energy
itself constitute an energy audit procedure or checklist. (may be used as part of an energy audit procedure, or to helpenergy use include: � Turning off equipment while not in use � Conducting a usage audit
itself constitute an energy audit procedure or checklist. (may be used as part of an energy audit procedure, or to help
return temperature index (RTI) is ideal at 100% wherein thefor Return Temperature Index RTI is also a measure of theto the server equipment. An RTI value of 100% is ideal. An
characteristics in terms of climate zone, lab type, lab areaapplied: located in climate zone 5A (cool humid); lab type:key characteristics (climate zone, lab area ratio, lab type,
distribution, lighting, and any other form of energy use, like steamdistribution, lighting, and any other form of energy use, like steam
resets, etc. ) Absorption chillers are typically evaluatedThe efficiency of absorption chillers should not be compared
The 2006 Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) database developed by the California Energy Commission is a far richer source of energy end-use data for non-residential buildings than has previously been available and opens the possibility of creating new and more powerful energy benchmarking processes and tools. In this article--Part 2 of a two-part series--we describe the methodology and selected results from an action-oriented benchmarking approach using the new CEUS database. This approach goes beyond whole-building energy benchmarking to more advanced end-use and component-level benchmarking that enables users to identify and prioritize specific energy efficiency opportunities - an improvement on benchmarking tools typically in use today.
Mathew, Paul; Mills, Evan; Bourassa, Norman; Brook, Martha
commercial buildings. These include daylight factors, illu- minance levels, lamp and ballast efficacy, lighting power density, etc. There are two key metrics for which the...
Conceptual Soundness, Metric Development, Benchmarking, and Targeting for PATH Subprogram Evaluation
The objective of this study is to evaluate the conceptual soundness of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) program's revised goals and establish and apply a framework to identify and recommend metrics that are the most useful for measuring PATH's progress. This report provides an evaluative review of PATH's revised goals, outlines a structured method for identifying and selecting metrics, proposes metrics and benchmarks for a sampling of individual PATH programs, and discusses other metrics that potentially could be developed that may add value to the evaluation process. The framework and individual program metrics can be used for ongoing management improvement efforts and to inform broader program-level metrics for government reporting requirements.
Mosey. G.; Doris, E.; Coggeshall, C.; Antes, M.; Ruch, J.; Mortensen, J.
LBNL Report 4-10-08 Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency in
, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) requires all new federal buildings to exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2004 [1) represents a "good practice" benchmark. 2 Whole Building Metrics 2.1 Applying ASHRAE 90.1 to Labs ASHRAE ASHRAE 90.1" is inadequate for laboratories, because it leaves several key factors open to interpretation
Data centers are among the most energy intensive types of facilities, and they are growing dramatically in terms of size and intensity [EPA 2007]. As a result, in the last few years there has been increasing interest from stakeholders - ranging from data center managers to policy makers - to improve the energy efficiency of data centers, and there are several industry and government organizations that have developed tools, guidelines, and training programs. There are many opportunities to reduce energy use in data centers and benchmarking studies reveal a wide range of efficiency practices. Data center operators may not be aware of how efficient their facility may be relative to their peers, even for the same levels of service. Benchmarking is an effective way to compare one facility to another, and also to track the performance of a given facility over time. Toward that end, this article presents the key metrics that facility managers can use to assess, track, and manage the efficiency of the infrastructure systems in data centers, and thereby identify potential efficiency actions. Most of the benchmarking data presented in this article are drawn from the data center benchmarking database at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The database was developed from studies commissioned by the California Energy Commission, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., the U.S. Department of Energy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
Mathew, Paul; Greenberg, Steve; Ganguly, Srirupa; Sartor, Dale; Tschudi, William
energy and water use, and rating the energy performance of selected building types. The tool enables users to: * Track multiple energy and water meters; * Benchmark facilities...
Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance
of metrics, a high-level protocol is provided. The next section presents draft benchmarks for some metrics; benchmarks are not available for many metrics owing to a lack of...
Evaluation of metrics and baselines for tracking greenhouse gas emissions trends: Recommendations for the California climate action registry
Executive Summary: The California Climate Action Registry, which was initially established in 2000 and began operation in Fall 2002, is a voluntary registry for recording annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of the Registry is to assist California businesses and organizations in their efforts to inventory and document emissions in order to establish a baseline and to document early actions to increase energy efficiency and decrease GHG emissions. The State of California has committed to use its ''best efforts'' to ensure that entities that establish GHG emissions baselines and register their emissions will receive ''appropriate consideration under any future international, federal, or state regulatory scheme relating to greenhouse gas emissions.'' Reporting of GHG emissions involves documentation of both ''direct'' emissions from sources that are under the entity's control and indirect emissions controlled by others. Electricity generated by an off-site power source is consider ed to be an indirect GHG emission and is required to be included in the entity's report. Registry participants include businesses, non-profit organizations, municipalities, state agencies, and other entities. Participants are required to register the GHG emissions of all operations in California, and are encouraged to report nationwide. For the first three years of participation, the Registry only requires the reporting of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, although participants are encouraged to report the remaining five Kyoto Protocol GHGs (CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6). After three years, reporting of all six Kyoto GHG emissions is required. The enabling legislation for the Registry (SB 527) requires total GHG emissions to be registered and requires reporting of ''industry-specific metrics'' once such metrics have been adopted by the Registry. The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) was asked to provide technical assistance to the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) related to the Registry in three areas: (1) assessing the availability and usefulness of industry-specific metrics, (2) evaluating various methods for establishing baselines for calculating GHG emissions reductions related to specific actions taken by Registry participants, and (3) establishing methods for calculating electricity CO2 emission factors. The third area of research was completed in 2002 and is documented in Estimating Carbon Dioxide Emissions Factors for the California Electric Power Sector (Marnay et al., 2002). This report documents our findings related to the first areas of research. For the first area of research, the overall objective was to evaluate the metrics, such as emissions per economic unit or emissions per unit of production that can be used to report GHG emissions trends for potential Registry participants. This research began with an effort to identify methodologies, benchmarking programs, inventories, protocols, and registries that u se industry-specific metrics to track trends in energy use or GHG emissions in order to determine what types of metrics have already been developed. The next step in developing industry-specific metrics was to assess the availability of data needed to determine metric development priorities. Berkeley Lab also determined the relative importance of different potential Registry participant categories in order to asses s the availability of sectoral or industry-specific metrics and then identified industry-specific metrics in use around the world. While a plethora of metrics was identified, no one metric that adequately tracks trends in GHG emissions while maintaining confidentiality of data was identified. As a result of this review, Berkeley Lab recommends the development of a GHG intensity index as a new metric for reporting and tracking GHG emissions trends.Such an index could provide an industry-specific metric for reporting and tracking GHG emissions trends to accurately reflect year to year changes while protecting proprietary data. This GHG intensity index changes
Price, Lynn; Murtishaw, Scott; Worrell, Ernst
Advanced benchmarking for complex building types: laboratories as an exemplar.
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency inmetrics. However, benchmarks generated from simulations areetc. Whole-building benchmarks are limited in their
Mathew, Paul; Clear, Robert; Kircher, Kevin; Webster, Tom; Lee, Kwang Ho; Hoyt, Tyler
Advanced Benchmarking for Complex Building Types: Laboratories as an Exemplar
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency inmodel to generate a benchmark energy intensity normalizedlimited efforts thus far to benchmark laboratory facilities
Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark
John M. Shalf, and Erich Strohmaier Background The NERSC Approach to Procurement Benchmarks The NERSC-5 SSP The NERSC-6 SSP The Effective System Performance (ESP) Metric...
Job benchmarks
Benchmarks Job Benchmarks PDSF Benchmarks Select benchmark to view output of ATLAS Fragmentation Alice EMC Simulation Dayabay Analysis STAR pp500 reconstruction STAR AuAu200...
Strategies for energy benchmarking in cleanrooms and laboratory-type facilities
benchmark by the actual energy consumption (Figure 4). The effectiveness metrics from multiple buildings
Sartor, Dale; Piette, Mary Ann; Tschudi, William; Fok, Stephen
Effectiveness of various error metrics in SCEPTRE.
The objective of this project is to investigate accuracy of error metrics in SCEPTRE and produce useful benchmarks, identify metrics that do not work well, identify metrics that do work well, and produce easy to reference results.
Olson, Aaron
Benchmarking optimization software with performance profiles
Mar 15, 2001 ... Abstract: We propose performance profiles -- probability distribution functions for a performance metric -- as a tool for benchmarking and�...
Benchmarks used
Benchmarks used Benchmarks used Benchmarks used Using a set of benchmarks described below, different optimization options for the different compilers on Edison. The compilers are also compared against one another on the benchmarks. NERSC6 Benchmarks We used these benchmarks from the NERSC6 procurement: NERSC 6 PROCUREMENT MPI BENCHMARKS Benchmark Science Area Algorithm Concurrency Languages GTC Fusion PIC, finite difference 2048 f90 IMPACT-T Accelerator Physics PIC, FFT 1024 f90 MILC Materials Science Conjugate gradient, sparse matrix, FFT 1024 c, assembly NPB 3.3.1 MPI Parallel Benchmarks The following NPB 3.3 MPI Benchmarks were run, all at a concurrency of 1024 processes. They are all written in Fortran. NAS PARALLEL MPI BENCHMARKS - VERSION 3.3.1 Benchmark Full Name Description Level
Complex buildings such as laboratories, data centers and cleanrooms present particular challenges for energy benchmarking because it is difficult to normalize special requirements such as health and safety in laboratories and reliability (i.e., system redundancy to maintain uptime) in data centers which significantly impact energy use. For example, air change requirements vary widely based on the type of work being performed in each laboratory space. We present methods and tools for energy benchmarking in laboratories, as an exemplar of a complex building type. First, we address whole building energy metrics and normalization parameters. We present empirical methods based on simple data filtering as well as multivariate regression analysis on the Labs21 database. The regression analysis showed lab type, lab-area ratio and occupancy hours to be significant variables. Yet the dataset did not allow analysis of factors such as plug loads and air change rates, both of which are critical to lab energy use. The simulation-based method uses an EnergyPlus model to generate a benchmark energy intensity normalized for a wider range of parameters. We suggest that both these methods have complementary strengths and limitations. Second, we present"action-oriented" benchmarking, which extends whole-building benchmarking by utilizing system-level features and metrics such as airflow W/cfm to quickly identify a list of potential efficiency actions which can then be used as the basis for a more detailed audit. While action-oriented benchmarking is not an"audit in a box" and is not intended to provide the same degree of accuracy afforded by an energy audit, we demonstrate how it can be used to focus and prioritize audit activity and track performance at the system level. We conclude with key principles that are more broadly applicable to other complex building types.
Mathew, Paul A.; Clear, Robert; Kircher, Kevin; Webster, Tom; Lee, Kwang Ho; Hoyt, Tyler
Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance - Version 1.0
This document describes an energy benchmarking framework for hospitals. The document is organized as follows. The introduction provides a brief primer on benchmarking and its application to hospitals. The next two sections discuss special considerations including the identification of normalizing factors. The presentation of metrics is preceded by a description of the overall framework and the rationale for the grouping of metrics. Following the presentation of metrics, a high-level protocol is provided. The next section presents draft benchmarks for some metrics; benchmarks are not available for many metrics owing to a lack of data. This document ends with a list of research needs for further development.
Singer, Brett C.
Restaurant Energy Use Benchmarking Guideline
A significant operational challenge for food service operators is defining energy use benchmark metrics to compare against the performance of individual stores. Without metrics, multiunit operators and managers have difficulty identifying which stores in their portfolios require extra attention to bring their energy performance in line with expectations. This report presents a method whereby multiunit operators may use their own utility data to create suitable metrics for evaluating their operations.
Hedrick, R.; Smith, V.; Field, K.
Verification and validation benchmarks.
Verification and validation (V&V) are the primary means to assess the accuracy and reliability of computational simulations. V&V methods and procedures have fundamentally improved the credibility of simulations in several high-consequence fields, such as nuclear reactor safety, underground nuclear waste storage, and nuclear weapon safety. Although the terminology is not uniform across engineering disciplines, code verification deals with assessing the reliability of the software coding, and solution verification deals with assessing the numerical accuracy of the solution to a computational model. Validation addresses the physics modeling accuracy of a computational simulation by comparing the computational results with experimental data. Code verification benchmarks and validation benchmarks have been constructed for a number of years in every field of computational simulation. However, no comprehensive guidelines have been proposed for the construction and use of V&V benchmarks. For example, the field of nuclear reactor safety has not focused on code verification benchmarks, but it has placed great emphasis on developing validation benchmarks. Many of these validation benchmarks are closely related to the operations of actual reactors at near-safety-critical conditions, as opposed to being more fundamental-physics benchmarks. This paper presents recommendations for the effective design and use of code verification benchmarks based on manufactured solutions, classical analytical solutions, and highly accurate numerical solutions. In addition, this paper presents recommendations for the design and use of validation benchmarks, highlighting the careful design of building-block experiments, the estimation of experimental measurement uncertainty for both inputs and outputs to the code, validation metrics, and the role of model calibration in validation. It is argued that the understanding of predictive capability of a computational model is built on the level of achievement in V&V activities, how closely related the V&V benchmarks are to the actual application of interest, and the quantification of uncertainties related to the application of interest.
Oberkampf, William Louis; Trucano, Timothy Guy
Jaynes' Maximum Entropy Principle, Riemannian Metrics and Generalised Least Action Bound
The set of solutions inferred by the generic maximum entropy (MaxEnt) or maximum relative entropy (MaxREnt) principles of Jaynes - considered as a function of the moment constraints or their conjugate Lagrangian multipliers - is endowed with a Riemannian geometric description, based on the second differential tensor of the entropy or its Legendre transform (negative Massieu function). The analysis provides a generalised {\\it least action bound} applicable to all Jaynesian systems, which provides a lower bound to the cost (in generic entropy units) of a transition between inferred positions along a specified path, at specified rates of change of the control parameters. The analysis therefore extends the concepts of "finite time thermodynamics" to the generic Jaynes domain, providing a link between purely static (stationary) inferred positions of a system, and dynamic transitions between these positions (as a function of time or some other coordinate). If the path is unspecified, the analysis gives an absolute lower bound for the cost of the transition, corresponding to the geodesic of the Riemannian hypersurface. The analysis is applied to (i) an equilibrium thermodynamic system subject to mean internal energy and volume constraints, and (ii) a flow system at steady state, subject to constraints on the mean heat, mass and momentum fluxes and chemical reaction rates. The first example recovers the {\\it minimum entropy cost} of a transition between equilibrium positions, a widely used result of finite-time thermodynamics. The second example leads to a new {\\it minimum entropy production principle}, for the cost of a transition between steady state positions of a flow system.
Robert K. Niven; Bjarne Andresen
described below, different optimization options for the different compilers on Edison. The compilers are also compared against one another on the benchmarks. NERSC6...
Benchmark Monitoring: Retired Systems
Completed Batch Jobs Completed Parallel Jobs Usage Reports Hopper Benchmark Monitoring Edison Benchmark Monitoring Carver Benchmark Monitoring Benchmark Monitoring: Retired Systems...
How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics...
How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems Title How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency...
Sustained System Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark William T.C. Kramer, John M. Shalf, and Erich Strohmaier Background The NERSC Approach to Procurement Benchmarks The NERSC-5 SSP The NERSC-6 SSP The Effective System Performance (ESP) Metric Conclusion Notes Formal description of SSP A formal description of the SSP, including detailed formulae, is now available. This is a portion of the soon-to-be-published Ph.D. dissertation, Kramer, W.T.C., 2008, "PERCU: A Holistic Method for Evaluating High End Computing Systems," Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley. Background Most plans and reports recently discuss only one of four distinct purposes benchmarks are used. The obvious purpose is selection of a system from
Evaluating Benchmark . . .
To reduce the simulation time to a tractable amount or due to compilation (or other related) problems, computer architects often simulate only a subset of the benchmarks in a benchmark suite. However, if the architect chooses a subset of benchmarks that is not representative, the subsequent simulation results will, at best, be misleading or, at worst, yield incorrect conclusions. To address this problem, computer architects have recently proposed several statistically-based approaches to subset a benchmark suite. While some of these approaches are well-grounded statistically, what has not yet been thoroughly evaluated is the: 1) Absolute accuracy, 2) Relative accuracy across a range of processor and memory subsystem enhancements, and 3) Representativeness and coverage of each approach for a range of subset sizes. Specifically, this paper evaluates statistically-based subsetting approaches based on principal components analysis (PCA) and the Plackett and Burman (P&B) design, in addition to prevailing approaches such as integer vs. floating-point, core vs. memory-bound, by language, and at random. Our results show that the two statistically-based approaches, PCA and P&B, have the best absolute and relative accuracy for CPI and energy-delay product (EDP), produce subsets that are the most representative, and choose benchmark and input set pairs that are most well-distributed across the benchmark space. To achieve a 5 % absolute CPI and EDP error, across a wide range of configurations, PCA and P&B typically need about 17 benchmark and input set pairs, while the other five approaches often choose more than 30 benchmark and input set pairs.
Joshua J. Yi; Resit Sendag; Lieven Eeckhout; Ajay Joshi; David J. Lilja; Lizy K. John
Regression benchmarking with simple middleware benchmarks
The paper introduces the concept of regression benchmarking as a variant of regression testing focused at detecting performance regressions. Applying the regression benchmarking in the area of middleware development, the paper explains how regression benchmarking differs from middleware benchmarking in general. On a real-world example of TAO, the paper shows why the existing benchmarks do not give results sufficient for regression benchmarking, and proposes techniques for detecting performance regressions using simple benchmarks. 1.
Lubom�r Bulej; Tom� Kalibera; Petr T?ma
The NAS Parallel Benchmarks
Weeratunga, �The NAS Parallel Benchmarks,� Intl. Journal ofD. Simon, �NAS Par- allel Benchmark Results,� Proceedings ofD. Simon, �NAS Par- allel Benchmark Results,� IEEE Parallel
Bailey, David H.
NERSC-6 Benchmarks
Benchmarks NERSC-6 Benchmarks The NERSC-6 application benchmarks were used in the acquisition process that resulted in the NERSC Cray XE6 ("Hopper") system. A technical report...
Edison Benchmark Monitoring
Edison Benchmark Monitoring Benchmark Results Select Benchmark CAM GAMESS GTC IMPACT-T MAESTRO MILC PARATEC Submit Last edited: 2013-06-25 22:45:11...
Including the Human Factor in Dependability Benchmarks
We describe the construction of a dependability benchmark that captures the impact of the human system operator on the tested system. Our benchmark follows the usual model of injecting faults and perturbations into the tested system; however, our perturbations are generated by the unscripted actions of actual human operators participating in the benchmark procedure in addition to more traditional fault injection. We introduce the issues that arise as we attempt to incorporate human behavior into a dependability benchmark and describe the possible solutions that we have arrived at through preliminary experimentation. Finally, we describe the implementation of our techniques in a dependability benchmark that we are currently developing
Aaron B. Brown; Leonard C. Chung; David A. Patterson
Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarking
ASHRAE Journal Volume 52 Date Published 102010 Abstract Cleanrooms are among the most energy-intensive types of facilities. This is primarily due to the cleanliness...
Conceptual Soundness, Metric Development, Benchmarking, and Targeting...
that much time to simply introduce an innovation to the market. As such, PATH spurs new R&D initiatives, enhances the access to and quality of information resources about them,...
for Environmental Research (CEDR) examined methods forbe operated efficiently. CEDR constructed a benchmark toolperformance metrics. The CEDR tool has been developed with
Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers
Performance Metrics Performance Metrics Tiers to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Performance Metrics Tiers on AddThis.com... About Take Action to Save Energy Activities 179d Tax Calculator Advanced Energy Design Guides Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides Building Energy Data Exchange Specification Buildings Performance Database Data Centers Energy Asset Score Energy Modeling Software
A framework for benchmarking land models
Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data�model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills.
Luo, Yiqi; Randerson, J.; Abramowitz, G.; Bacour, C.; Blyth, E.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, Philippe; Dalmonech, D.; Fisher, J.B.; Fisher, R.; Friedlingstein, P.; Hibbard, Kathleen A.; Hoffman, F. M.; Huntzinger, Deborah; Jones, C.; Koven, C.; Lawrence, David M.; Li, D.J.; Mahecha, M.; Niu, S.L.; Norby, Richard J.; Piao, S.L.; Qi, X.; Peylin, P.; Prentice, I.C.; Riley, William; Reichstein, M.; Schwalm, C.; Wang, Y.; Xia, J. Y.; Zaehle, S.; Zhou, X. H.
Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills.
Luo, Yiqi [University of Oklahoma; Randerson, James T. [University of California, Irvine; Hoffman, Forrest [ORNL; Norby, Richard J [ORNL
I/O Benchmarks
Benchmarks IO Benchmarks Transfer rates measured 4 times per day for the past week on all of the eliza file systems are shown below. For more details see IO Benchmarking Details....
NERSC-8 / Trinity Benchmarks
Benchmarks NERSC-8 Trinity Benchmarks These benchmark programs are for use as part of the joint NERSC ACES NERSC-8Trinity system procurement. There are two basic kinds of...
Metric Program
... The NIST metric program encourages the use of the SI in all facets of education, including honing of worker skills. All Levels of Government. ...
Benchmarking data warehouses
Database benchmarks can either help users in comparing the performances of different systems, or help engineers in testing the effect of various design choices. In the field of data warehouses, the Transaction Processing Performance Council's standard ... Keywords: DWEB, OLAP, benchmarking, data mining, data warehouse design, data warehouse engineering benchmarks, data warehouses, database benchmarks, online analytical processing, optimisation techniques, performance evaluation
Jerome Darmont; Fadila Bentayeb; Omar Boussaid
Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate
Benchmarking Energy Use in Schools
Local governments across the United States spent approximately $5 billion, an average of $100 million per state, on energy for their public schools in 1992. This represents a tremendous drain on education dollars of which part (captured through building system and operational efficiency improvements) could be directed toward more important educational needs. States and local governments know there are sizeable opportunities, but are challenged by how and where to start. IdentifLing the worst energy performers, with the most potential, easily and at low cost is a key in motivating local governments into action. Energy benchmarking is an excellent tool for this purpose. The 1992 US Energy Information Administration�s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database is investigated as a source for energy benchmarks for local-government-owned schools. Average energy use values derived from CBECS are shown to be poor energy benchmarks. Simple distributions of building energy use values derived from CBECS, however, are shown to be reliable energy benchmarks for local schools. These can be used to gauge the energy performance of your local public school. Using a stepwise, linear-regression analysis, the primary determinants of electric use in local schools were found to be gross floor area, year of construction, use of walk-in coolers, electric cooling, non-electric energy use, roof construction, and HVAC operational responsibility. The determinants vary depending on the school�s location. While benchmarking based on simple distributions is a good method, an improved benchmarking method which can account for these additional drivers of energy use is detailed.
Terv R. Sharp; Oak Ridge; National Laboratoy
Metric Units
... A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. 1, Steam Point Calculator: Metric Units, Elevation Converter, ... 6, Height of steam point apparatus above ground (m), 0, m, ...
Metric Presentation
MODERN GRID S T R A T E G Y Smart Grid Metrics Monitoring our Progress Smart Grid Implementation Workshop Joe Miller - Modern Grid Team June 19, 2008 1 Conducted by the National...
Factory Flow Benchmarking Report
LAI benchmarked representative part fabrications and some assembly operations within its member companies of the defense aircraft industry. This paper reports the results of this benchmarking effort. In addition, this ...
Shields, Thomas J.
NERSC Benchmarking and Workload Characterization
Petascale Initiative Science Gateway Development Storage and IO Technologies Testbeds Home R & D Benchmarking & Workload Characterization Benchmarking & Workload...
Sell-Side Benchmarks
Sell-side analysts employ different benchmarks when defining their stock recommendations. For example, a �buy � for some brokers means the stock is expected to outperform its peers in the same sector (�sector benchmarkers�), while for other brokers it means the stock is expected to outperform the market (�market benchmarkers�), or just some absolute return (�total benchmarkers�). We explore the validity and implications of the adoption of these different benchmarks. Analysis of the relation between analysts � recommendations and their long-term growth and earnings forecasts suggests that analysts indeed abide by their benchmarks: Sector benchmarkers rely less on across-industry information, and focus more on ranking firms within their industries. We also find evidence that market- and sector-benchmarkers are successful in meeting or beating their benchmark returns, while total-benchmarkers are not. However, we do not find much evidence that investors react differently to recommendations based on the different benchmarks. The research carries implications for the correct understanding and interpretation of sell-side research and its investment value.
Ohad Kadan; Leonardo Madureira; Rong Wang; Tzachi Zach
Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Using the CEUS Database to Benchmarking...
2008 Authors Mathew, Paul A., Evan Mills, Norman Bourassa, and Martha Brook Journal Energy Engineering Call Number LBNL-502E Abstract The 2006 Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS)...
ASHRAE Cleanroom Benchmarking Paper - REVISED
8E 8E Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarking Paul Mathew, William Tschudi, Dale Sartor Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory James Beasley International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative October 2010 Published in ASHRAE Journal, v. 53, issue 10 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
Energy Benchmarking Database
Building energy benchmarking is a useful starting point for commercial building owners and operators to target energy savings opportunities. There are a number of tools and methods for benchmarking energy use. Benchmarking based on regional data can provides more relevant information for California buildings than national tools such as Energy Star. This paper discusses issues related to benchmarking commercial building energy use and the development of Cal-Arch, a building energy benchmarking database for California. Currently Cal-Arch uses existing survey data from California's Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), a largely underutilized wealth of information collected by California's major utilities. Doe's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is used by a similar tool, Arch, and by a number of other benchmarking tools. Future versions of Arch/Cal-Arch will utilize additional
Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette; Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley; Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette
Outage Management Benchmarking Guideline
Benchmarking of power plant outages will help plants target performance improvements to specific elements of a plant outage program in order to improve overall availability, reliability, and safety while decreasing generation costs. EPRI's "Outage Management Benchmarking Guideline" builds on the Institute's fossil and nuclear plant experience with routine maintenance and extends that to outage maintenance processes. The guideline describes the initial steps in an outage benchmarking effort and 13 key ele...
Magma benchmark code - CECM
Below is the Magma code used to run the benchmarks in Section 5 of the paper " In-place Arithmetic for Univariate Polynomials over an Algebraic Number Field"�...
EU Metric Directive
... View EU Metric Directive Commission Services Working Document PDF ... of European Union (EU) Meeting on Metric Directives (2005); Packaging ...
Characterization of Computational Grid Resources Using Low-level Benchmarks
An important factor that needs to be taken into account by end-users and systems (schedulers, resource brokers, policy brokers) when mapping applications to the Grid, is the performance capacity of hardware resources attached to the Grid and made available through its Virtual Organizations (VOs). In this paper, we examine the problem of characterizing the performance capacity of Grid resources using benchmarking. We examine the conditions under which such characterization experiments can be implemented in a Grid setting and present the challenges that arise in this context. We specify a small number of performance metrics and propose a suite of micro-benchmarks to estimate these metrics for clusters that belong to large Virtual Organizations. We describe GridBench, a tool developed to administer benchmarking experiments, publish their results, and produce graphical representations of their metrics. We describe benchmarking experiments conducted with, and published through GridBench, and show how they can help end-users assess the performance capacity of resources that belong to a target Virtual Organization. Finally, we examine the advantages of this approach over solutions implemented currently in existing Grid infrastructures. We conclude that it is essential to provide benchmarking services in the Grid infrastructure, in order to enable the attachment of performance-related metadata to resources belonging to Virtual Organizations and the retrieval of such metadata by end-users and other Grid systems. 1
George Tsouloupas; Marios Dikaiakos
I/O Benchmarking Details
IO Benchmarking Details IO Benchmarking Details These benchmarks are simply the transfer rate for copying some files from an eliza file system to TMPDIR on a batch node. Each...
ESP: A system utilization benchmark
ESP: A System Utilization Benchmark Adrian T. Wong, LeonidEffective System Performance (ESP) test, which is designedEffective System Performance (ESP) benchmark, which measures
Wong, Adrian T.; Oliker, Leonid; Kramer, William T.C.; Kaltz, Teresa L.; Bailey, David H.
MODERN GRID MODERN GRID S T R A T E G Y Smart Grid Metrics Monitoring our Progress Smart Grid Implementation Workshop Joe Miller - Modern Grid Team June 19, 2008 1 Conducted by the National Energy Technology Laboratory Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 2 Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability MODERN GRID S T R A T E G Y Many are working on the Smart Grid FERC DOE-OE Grid 2030 GridWise Alliance EEI NERC (FM) DOE/NETL Modern Grid Strategy GridWise Program GridWorks NW GridWise Testbed GridApps CERTS DOE-OE CEC PIER NYSERDA CPUC AMI Galvin Initiative EPRI Intelligrid PSERC NIST GWAC Utility AMI Open AMI CEC PIER EPACT05 Nat'al Labs EISA-2007 IEEE DOE Smart Grid Task Force 3 Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
ENERGY STAR in action | ENERGY STAR
Benchmark energy use ENERGY STAR in action Programs and policies using ENERGY STAR Green buildings and ENERGY STAR Communicate and educate Find out who's partnered with...
NEWTON's Metric System Resources
Please select any link below. Search this page, using your web browser's search function. Please select any link below. Search this page, using your web browser's search function. Metric System References Do you have a great metric reference link? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Reference Links: Metric (SI) References Metric (SI) References Having trouble with the metric system? Visit the National Institute of Standards and Technology's site about the rules and style conventions of the International System of Units (SI). The Metric System The Metric System Need another reference? Try this site provided by Wikipedia that discusses the metric system and its history in depth. Metric Converter Metric Converter Need to convert to Metric? OnlineConversion.com allows you to convert just about anything to just about anything else. This will let you easily from metric to US Standard notation, and vice versa.
Interpreting the C-metric
The basic properties of the C-metric are well known. It describes a pair of causally separated black holes which accelerate in opposite directions under the action of forces represented by conical singularities. However, these properties can be demonstrated much more transparently by making use of recently developed coordinate systems for which the metric functions have a simple factor structure. These enable us to obtain explicit Kruskal-Szekeres-type extensions through the horizons and construct two-dimensional conformal Penrose diagrams. We then combine these into a three-dimensional picture which illustrates the global causal structure of the space-time outside the black hole horizons. Using both the weak field limit and some invariant quantities, we give a direct physical interpretation of the parameters which appear in the new form of the metric. For completeness, relations to other familiar coordinate systems are also discussed.
J. B. Griffiths; P. Krtous; J. Podolsky
Learn about benchmarking | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Learn about benchmarking Learn about benchmarking Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate Find out who's partnered with ENERGY STAR
Benchmark energy use | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Benchmark energy use Benchmark energy use Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate Find out who's partnered with ENERGY STAR
Rated Efficiency Meet ASHRAE 90.1 NPLV kW/ton Cooling TowerEfficiency Cooling Tower Approach Chilled Water Pumping
P. �Saving Energy in Labs,� ASHRAE Journal, February 2004.C. B. Dorgan, C. E. Dorgan. ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide,Low-Pressure Drop Design,� ASHRAE Journal, August, 2002. 11.
Saving Energy in Labs,� ASHRAE Journal, February 2004. pp35-Dorgan, C. E. Dorgan [2001]. ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide,Administration 10. ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation
Title 24 2005. California�s Energy Efficiency Standards forDepartment of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energyexplicit goals for energy efficiency in their facilities.
... CYBER SECURITY METRICS AND MEASURES ... Keywords: cyber security; metrics; measures; software; computer systems; IT ...
Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report | Department...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Benchmarking Study Final Report Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report DOE's former Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40) conducted a benchmarking study of its...
Introduction to the HPC Challenge Benchmark Suite
and Karl Solchenbach. Benchmark design for character-effect of computer benchmarks upon applied mathematics,Pe- titet. The LINPACK benchmark: Past, present, [11] Matteo
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regression
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regressionerror on a suite of benchmark datasets. As the basethe Machine Learning Benchmark Problems package; see http://
Segal, Mark R
Vehicle Technologies Office: Benchmarking
Benchmarking Benchmarking Research funded by the Vehicle Technologies Office produces a great deal of valuable data, but it is important to compare those research results with similar work done elsewhere in the world. Through laboratory testing, researchers can compare vehicles and components to validate models, support technical target-setting, and provide data to help guide technology development tasks. Benchmarking activities fall into two primary areas: Vehicle and component testing, in which researchers test and analyze emerging technologies obtained from sources throughout the world. The results are used to continually assess program efforts. Model validation, in which researchers use test data to validate the accuracy of vehicle and component computer models including: overall measures such as fuel economy, state-of-charge energy storage across the driving cycle, and transient component behavior, such as fuel rate and torque.
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance April 15, 2010 EISA SECTION 432 - Benchmarking of Federal Facilities (42 U.S.C. 8253 Subsection (f), Use of Energy and Water Efficiency...
Benchmarking using basic DBMS operations
The TPC-H benchmark proved to be successful in the decision support area. Many commercial database vendors and their related hardware vendors used these benchmarks to show the superiority and competitive edge of their products. However, over time, the ...
Alain Crolotte; Ahmad Ghazal
California commercial building energy benchmarking
benchmarks while control companies and utilities can provide direct tracking of energy use and combine data from multiple buildings.
Kinney, Satkartar; Piette, Mary Ann
System Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E
Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E and IBM SP Adrian Wong, Leonid Oliker, William Kramer, Teresa Kaltz, and David Bailey National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA {atwong, loliker, wtkramer, tlkaltz, email@example.com Abstract. Obtaining maximum utilization of parallel systems continues to be an active area of research and development. This article outlines a new benchmark, called the Eflectiwe System Performance (ESP) test, designed to provide a utilization metric that is transferable between sys- tems and illuminate the effects of various scheduling parameters. Results with discussion are presented for the Cray T3E and IBM SP systems to- gether with insights obtained from simulation.
Metrics for enterprise transformation
The objective of this thesis is to depict the role of metrics in the evolving journey of enterprise transformation. To this end, three propositions are explored: (i) metrics and measurement systems drive transformation, ...
Blackburn, Craig D. (Craig David), S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Metric Conversion Guide
...Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 Metric Editorial Guide, 5th ed. (revised), 1993,
...Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 Metric Editorial Guide , 5th ed. (revised), 1993,
Performance Metrics for Proteomics
... for Cancer (CPTC), NIST researchers are developing specific and quantitative metrics, implemented in a software pipeline, for evaluating sources ...
ARM - 2008 Performance Metrics
8 Performance Metrics 8 Performance Metrics Science Research Themes Research Highlights Journal Articles Collaborations Atmospheric System Research (ASR) ARM Science Team Meetings User Meetings Annual Meetings of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team and Fall Working Groups Accomplishments Read about the 20 years of accomplishments (PDF, 696KB) from the ARM Program and user facility. Performance Metrics ASR Metrics 2009 2008 2007 2006 2008 Performance Metrics Each year, the ARM Program must submit to DOE an overall performance measure related to scientific achievement. The overall performance measure includes specific metrics for reporting progress each quarter. This reporting process includes support documentation (usually a report or data file) appropriate for the metric. Overall Performance Measures
A Power Benchmarking Framework for Network Devices
Abstract. Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in the operation of networking infrastructure, especially in enterprise and data center networks. Researchers have proposed several strategies for energy management of networking devices. However, we need a comprehensive characterization of power consumption by a variety of switches and routers to accurately quantify the savings from the various power savings schemes. In this paper, we first describe the hurdles in network power instrumentation and present a power measurement study of a variety of networking gear such as hubs, edge switches, core switches, routers and wireless access points in both stand-alone mode and a production data center. We build and describe a benchmarking suite that will allow users to measure and compare the power consumed for a large set of common configurations at any switch or router of their choice. We also propose a network energy proportionality index, which is an easily measurable metric, to compare power consumption behaviors of multiple devices.
Priya Mahadevan; Puneet Sharma; Sujata Banerjee
Quantum Benchmarks from minimal Resources
We investigate several recently published benchmark criteria for storage or transmission of quantum information. A comparison reveals that criteria based on a Gaussian distribution of coherent states are most resilient to noise. We then address the issue of experimental resources and derive an equally strong benchmark, solely based on three coherent states and homodyne detection. This benchmark is further simplified in the presence of naturally occurring random phases, which remove the need for active input state modulation.
H�seler, Hauke
Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark
System Performance (ESP) Benchmark It is now generally recognized in the high performance computing community that peak performance does not adequately predict the usefulness...
Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
DOE's former Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40) conducted a benchmarking study of its decommissioning program to analyze physical activities in facility decommissioning and to determine...
FINAL REPORT Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies To Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of...
Toward a new metric for ranking high performance computing systems.
The High Performance Linpack (HPL), or Top 500, benchmark [1] is the most widely recognized and discussed metric for ranking high performance computing systems. However, HPL is increasingly unreliable as a true measure of system performance for a growing collection of important science and engineering applications. In this paper we describe a new high performance conjugate gradient (HPCG) benchmark. HPCG is composed of computations and data access patterns more commonly found in applications. Using HPCG we strive for a better correlation to real scientific application performance and expect to drive computer system design and implementation in directions that will better impact performance improvement.
Heroux, Michael Allen; Dongarra, Jack. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Building energy benchmarks and rating tools | Department of Energy
Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools More...
Metrics and Measures - SAMATE
... For instance, weather reports give hurricane intensity on ... 2006] proposed a metric for static analysis tools. ... depending on whether the tool claims to ...
Metric in Sports: Bicycling
Bicycling. Tour de France. ... Up-to-date information on the Tour de France 2011 can be found at the official site. Metric Biking Events. ...
INEAP Metrics Report
... Opportunities of the Current Usage of Metrics; ... consumption of non-local, non-renewable, non-recyclable ... recycled materials, water, energy and fuels ...
Quantum benchmarks for Gaussian states
Teleportation and storage of continuous variable states of light and atoms are essential building blocks for the realization of large scale quantum networks. Rigorous validation of these implementations require identifying, and surpassing, benchmarks set by the most effective strategies attainable without the use of quantum resources. Such benchmarks have been established for special families of input states, like coherent states and particular subclasses of squeezed states. Here we solve the longstanding problem of defining quantum benchmarks for general pure Gaussian states with arbitrary phase, displacement, and squeezing, randomly sampled according to a realistic prior distribution. As a special case, we show that the fidelity benchmark for teleporting squeezed states with totally random phase and squeezing degree is 1/2, equal to the corresponding one for coherent states. We discuss the use of entangled resources to beat the benchmarks in experiments.
Chiribella, Giulio
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance April 15, 2010 EISA SECTION 432 - Benchmarking of Federal Facilities (42 U.S.C. 8253 Subsection (f), Use of Energy and Water Efficiency Measures in Federal Buildings) I. Background A. Authority - Benchmarking Requirements Section 432 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) requires the Secretary of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to select or develop a building energy use benchmarking system and to issue guidance for use of the system. EISA requires the designated agency energy managers to enter energy use data for each metered building that is (or is a part of) a covered facility into a building energy use benchmarking system, such as the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager tool (Portfolio Manager) (see 42 U.S.C. 8253(f)(8)(A), as
A Benchmarking Platform For Network-On-Chip (NOC) Multiprocessor System-On- Chips
Network-on-Chip (NOC) based designs have garnered significant attention from both researchers and industry over the past several years. The analysis of these designs has focused on broad topics such as NOC component micro-architecture, fault-tolerant communication, and system memory architecture. Nonetheless, the design of lowlatency, high-bandwidth, low-power and area-efficient NOC is extremely complex due to the conflicting nature of these design objectives. Benchmarks are an indispensable tool in the design process; providing thorough measurement and fair comparison between designs in order to achieve optimal results (i.e performance, cost, quality of service). This research proposes a benchmarking platform called NoCBench for evaluating the performance of Network-on-chip. Although previous research has proposed standard guidelines to develop benchmarks for Network-on-Chip, this work moves forward and proposes a System-C based simulation platform for system-level design exploration. It will provide an initial set of synthetic benchmarks for on-chip network interconnection validation along with an initial set of standardized processing cores, NOC components, and system-wide services. The benchmarks were constructed using synthetic applications described by Task Graphs For Free (TGFF) task graphs extracted from the E3S benchmark suite. Two benchmarks were used for characterization: Consumer and Networking. They are characterized based on throughput and latency. Case studies show how they can be used to evaluate metrics beyond throughput and latency (i.e. traffic distribution). The contribution of this work is two-fold: 1) This study provides a methodology for benchmark creation and characterization using NoCBench that evaluates important metrics in NOC design (i.e. end-to-end packet delay, throughput). 2) The developed full-system simulation platform provides a complete environment for further benchmark characterization on NOC based MpSoC as well as system-level design space exploration.
Malave-Bonet, Javier
Benchmarking foreign electronics technologies
This report has been drafted in response to a request from the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center`s (JTEC) Panel on Benchmarking Select Technologies. Since April 1991, the Competitive Semiconductor Manufacturing (CSM) Program at the University of California at Berkeley has been engaged in a detailed study of quality, productivity, and competitiveness in semiconductor manufacturing worldwide. The program is a joint activity of the College of Engineering, the Haas School of Business, and the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, under sponsorship of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and with the cooperation of semiconductor producers from Asia, Europe and the United States. Professors David A. Hodges and Robert C. Leachman are the project`s Co-Directors. The present report for JTEC is primarily based on data and analysis drawn from that continuing program. The CSM program is being conducted by faculty, graduate students and research staff from UC Berkeley`s Schools of Engineering and Business, and Department of Economics. Many of the participating firms are represented on the program`s Industry Advisory Board. The Board played an important role in defining the research agenda. A pilot study was conducted in 1991 with the cooperation of three semiconductor plants. The research plan and survey documents were thereby refined. The main phase of the CSM benchmarking study began in mid-1992 and will continue at least through 1997. reports are presented on the manufacture of integrated circuits; data storage; wireless technology; human-machine interfaces; and optoelectronics. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Bostian, C.W.; Hodges, D.A.; Leachman, R.C.; Sheridan, T.B.; Tsang, W.T.; White, R.M.
More on Finding a Single Number to Indicate Overall Performance of a Benchmark Suite
The topic of finding a single number to summarize overall performance over a benchmark suite is continuing to be a difficult issue 14 years after Smith�s paper [1]. While significant insight into the problem has been provided by Smith [1], Hennessey and Patterson [2], Cragon [3], etc, the research community still seems to be unclear on the correct mean to use for different performance metrics. How should metrics obtained from individual benchmarks be aggregated to present a summary of the performance over the entire suite? What are valid central tendency measures over the whole benchmark suite for speedup, CPI, IPC, MIPS, MFLOPS, cache miss rates, cache hit rates, branch misprediction rates, etc? Arithmetic mean has been touted to be appropriate for
Lizy Kurian John
Surveillance Metrics Sensitivity Study
In September of 2009, a Tri-Lab team was formed to develop a set of metrics relating to the NNSA nuclear weapon surveillance program. The purpose of the metrics was to develop a more quantitative and/or qualitative metric(s) describing the results of realized or non-realized surveillance activities on our confidence in reporting reliability and assessing the stockpile. As a part of this effort, a statistical sub-team investigated various techniques and developed a complementary set of statistical metrics that could serve as a foundation for characterizing aspects of meeting the surveillance program objectives. The metrics are a combination of tolerance limit calculations and power calculations, intending to answer level-of-confidence type questions with respect to the ability to detect certain undesirable behaviors (catastrophic defects, margin insufficiency defects, and deviations from a model). Note that the metrics are not intended to gauge product performance but instead the adequacy of surveillance. This report gives a short description of four metrics types that were explored and the results of a sensitivity study conducted to investigate their behavior for various inputs. The results of the sensitivity study can be used to set the risk parameters that specify the level of stockpile problem that the surveillance program should be addressing.
Bierbaum, R; Hamada, M; Robertson, A
Surveillance metrics sensitivity study.
Hamada, Michael S. (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Bierbaum, Rene Lynn; Robertson, Alix A. (Lawrence Livermore Laboratory)
Metrics White Paper Introduction
Metrics White Paper March 2010 Introduction Through the years, Unidata has conducted metrics, strategic partners, presentations, scientific papers, budgets, proposals, and other instances where or tools from Unidata's web site. Determining the classification of data to be captured, ad hoc committees
ARM - 2009 Performance Metrics
9 Performance Metrics 9 Performance Metrics Science Research Themes Research Highlights Journal Articles Collaborations Atmospheric System Research (ASR) ARM Science Team Meetings User Meetings Annual Meetings of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team and Fall Working Groups Accomplishments Read about the 20 years of accomplishments (PDF, 696KB) from the ARM Program and user facility. Performance Metrics ASR Metrics 2009 2008 2007 2006 2009 Performance Metrics Improve Climate Models - Develop a coupled climate model with fully interactive carbon and sulfur cycles, as well as dynamic vegetation to enable simulations of aerosol effects, carbon chemistry, and carbon sequestration by the land surface and oceans and the interactions between the carbon cycle and climate. In fiscal year 2009: Provide improved climate
ARM - 2007 Performance Metrics
7 Performance Metrics 7 Performance Metrics Science Research Themes Research Highlights Journal Articles Collaborations Atmospheric System Research (ASR) ARM Science Team Meetings User Meetings Annual Meetings of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team and Fall Working Groups Accomplishments Read about the 20 years of accomplishments (PDF, 696KB) from the ARM Program and user facility. Performance Metrics ASR Metrics 2009 2008 2007 2006 2007 Performance Metrics A Single Column Model (SCM) represents the evolution of the atmosphere in a single grid box of a Global Climate Model (GCM). This illustration represents the observing strategy of ARM, which takes continuous atmospheric observations from fixed sites in three climate regimes around the world. A Single Column Model (SCM) represents the evolution of the atmosphere in a
Precise Regression Benchmarking with Random Effects: Improving Mono Benchmark Results
Benchmarking as a method of assessing software performance is known to su#er from random fluctuations that distort the observed performance. In this paper, we focus on the fluctuations caused by compilation.
Tomas Kalibera; Petr Tuma
Phase-Covariant Quantum Benchmarks
We give a quantum benchmark for teleportation and quantum storage experiments suited for pure and mixed test states. The benchmark is based on the average fidelity over a family of phase-covariant states and certifies that an experiment can not be emulated by a classical setup, i.e., by a measure-and-prepare scheme. We give an analytical solution for qubits, which shows important differences with standard state estimation approach, and compute the value of the benchmark for coherent and squeezed states, both pure and mixed.
Calsamiglia, J; Mu�oz-T�pia, R; Bag�n, E
J. Calsamiglia; M. Aspachs; R. Munoz-Tapia; E. Bagan
Building energy benchmarking is the comparison of whole-building energy use relative to a set of similar buildings. It provides a useful starting point for individual energy audits and for targeting buildings for energy-saving measures in multiple-site audits. Benchmarking is of interest and practical use to a number of groups. Energy service companies and performance contractors communicate energy savings potential with ''typical'' and ''best-practice'' benchmarks while control companies and utilities can provide direct tracking of energy use and combine data from multiple buildings. Benchmarking is also useful in the design stage of a new building or retrofit to determine if a design is relatively efficient. Energy managers and building owners have an ongoing interest in comparing energy performance to others. Large corporations, schools, and government agencies with numerous facilities also use benchmarking methods to compare their buildings to each other. The primary goal of Task 2.1.1 Web-based Benchmarking was the development of a web-based benchmarking tool, dubbed Cal-Arch, for benchmarking energy use in California commercial buildings. While there were several other benchmarking tools available to California consumers prior to the development of Cal-Arch, there were none that were based solely on California data. Most available benchmarking information, including the Energy Star performance rating, were developed using DOE's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), which does not provide state-level data. Each database and tool has advantages as well as limitations, such as the number of buildings and the coverage by type, climate regions and end uses. There is considerable commercial interest in benchmarking because it provides an inexpensive method of screening buildings for tune-ups and retrofits. However, private companies who collect and manage consumption data are concerned that the identities of building owners might be revealed and hence are reluctant to share their data. The California Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), the primary source of data for Cal-Arch, is a unique source of information on commercial buildings in California. It has not been made public; however, it was made available by CEC to LBNL for the purpose of developing a public benchmarking tool.
STAR METRICS | Department of Energy
STAR METRICS STAR METRICS May 4, 2011 - 4:47pm Addthis Energy continues to define Phase II of the STAR METRICS program, a collaborative initiative to track Research and Development...
Microsoft Word - HospEnergyMetrics&Guidance_Draft_2009_0908.doc
Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance - Version 1.0 08-Sep-2009 Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance - Version 1.0 08-Sep-2009 BC Singer et al., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance - Version 1.0 Brett C. Singer Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA Contributing Developers: Paul Mathew, Steve Greenberg, Bill Tschudi, Dale Sartor (LBNL) Susan Strom, Walter Vernon: Mazzetti Nash Lipsey Burch (San Francisco, CA) Abstract This document describes an energy benchmarking framework for hospitals. The document is organized as follows. The introduction provides a brief primer on benchmarking and its application to hospitals. The next two sections discuss special considerations including the identification of normalizing factors. The presentation of metrics is preceded by a description of
ESP: a system utilization benchmark
This article describes a new benchmark, called the Effective System Performance (ESP) test, which is designed to measure system-level performance, including such factors as job scheduling efficiency, handling of large jobs and shutdown-reboot times. ...
Adrian T. Wong; Leonid Oliker; William T. C. Kramer; Teresa L. Kaltz; David H. Bailey
Benchmarks for GADRAS performance validation.
The performance of the Gamma Detector Response and Analysis Software (GADRAS) was validated by comparing GADRAS model results to experimental measurements for a series of benchmark sources. Sources for the benchmark include a plutonium metal sphere, bare and shielded in polyethylene, plutonium oxide in cans, a highly enriched uranium sphere, bare and shielded in polyethylene, a depleted uranium shell and spheres, and a natural uranium sphere. The benchmark experimental data were previously acquired and consist of careful collection of background and calibration source spectra along with the source spectra. The calibration data were fit with GADRAS to determine response functions for the detector in each experiment. A one-dimensional model (pie chart) was constructed for each source based on the dimensions of the benchmark source. The GADRAS code made a forward calculation from each model to predict the radiation spectrum for the detector used in the benchmark experiment. The comparisons between the GADRAS calculation and the experimental measurements are excellent, validating that GADRAS can correctly predict the radiation spectra for these well-defined benchmark sources.
Mattingly, John K.; Mitchell, Dean James; Rhykerd, Charles L., Jr.
Depletion Reactivity Benchmark for the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments
The Electric Power Research Institute� (EPRI-) sponsored depletion reactivity benchmarks documented in reports 1022909, Benchmarks for Quantifying Fuel Reactivity Depletion Uncertainty, and 1025203, Utilization of the EPRI Depletion Benchmarks for Burnup Credit Validation, have been translated to an evaluated benchmark for incorporation in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhE), published by the Organisation for Economic ...
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems
To design and develop capable, dependable, and affordable intelligent systems, their performance must be measurable. Scientific methodologies for standardization and benchmarking are crucial for quantitatively evaluating the performance of emerging robotic and intelligent systems technologies. There is currently no accepted standard for quantitatively measuring the performance of these systems against user-defined requirements; and furthermore, there is no consensus on what objective evaluation procedures need to be followed to understand the performance of these systems. The lack of reproducible and repeatable test methods has precluded researchers working towards a common goal from exchanging and communicating results, inter-comparing system performance, and leveraging previous work that could otherwise avoid duplication and expedite technology transfer. Currently, this lack of cohesion in the community hinders progress in many domains, such as manufacturing, service, healthcare, and security. By providing the research community with access to standardized tools, reference data sets, and open source libraries of solutions, researchers and consumers will be able to evaluate the cost and benefits associated with intelligent systems and associated technologies. In this vein, the edited book volume addresses performance evaluation and metrics for intelligent systems, in general, while emphasizing the need and solutions for standardized methods. To the knowledge of the editors, there is not a single book on the market that is solely dedicated to the subject of performance evaluation and benchmarking of intelligent systems. Even books that address this topic do so only marginally or are out of date. The research work presented in this volume fills this void by drawing from the experiences and insights of experts gained both through theoretical development and practical implementation of intelligent systems in a variety of diverse application domains. The book presents a detailed and coherent picture of state-of-the-art, recent developments, and further research areas in intelligent systems.
Madhavan, Raj [ORNL; Messina, Elena [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Tunstel, Edward [JHU Applied Physics Laboratory
Buildings Performance Metrics Terminology
Energy's Commercial Building Initiative Page 1 Energy's Commercial Building Initiative Page 1 January 2009 Buildings Performance Metrics Terminology To clarify how the terms are used in the Department of Energy's Performance Metrics Research Project, a list of terms related to performance metrics are defined and include examples and comments. Visit www.commercialbuildings.energy.gov/performance_metrics.html to learn more. Baseline - a standard reference case used as a basis for comparison Examples: a simulation model of an ASHRAE 90.1 compliant building, control building, measurement of energy consumption prior to application of an energy conservation measure Comments: Establishing a clearly defined baseline very important and is often the most difficult task. Defining a repeatable baseline is essential if the work is to be compared to results of other
Appendix B Metric
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Metric Metric and Thermal Conversion Tables Metric Conversions Table B1 presents Summary Statistics for Natural Gas in the United States for 1992 through 1996 in metric units of measure. Volumes are shown in cubic meters instead of cubic feet. Prices are shown in dollars per thousand cubic meters instead of dollars per thousand cubic feet. The data in this table have been converted from the data that appear in Table 1 of this report. Thermal Conversions Table B2 presents the thermal (Btu) conversion factors and the converted data for natural gas supply and disposition from 1992 through 1996. A brief documentation for the thermal conversion factors follows: * Marketed Production. The conversion factor is calcu- lated by adding the total heat content of dry production to the total heat content of extraction loss and dividing the resulting sum by the total quantity of dry production and extraction
Null limits of the C-metric
The C-metric is usually understood as describing two black holes which accelerate in opposite directions under the action of some conical singularity. Here, we examine all the solutions of this type which represent accelerating sources and investigate the null limit in which the accelerations become unbounded. We show that the resulting space-times represent spherical impulsive gravitational waves generated by snapping or expanding cosmic strings.
J. Podolsky; J. B. Griffiths
Effective System Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark It is now generally recognized in the high performance computing community that peak performance does not adequately predict the usefulness of a system for a given set of applications. One of the first benchmarks designed to measure system performance in a real-world operational environment was NERSC's Effective System Performance (ESP) test. NERSC introduced ESP in 1999 with the hope that this test would be of use to system managers and would help to spur the community (both researchers and vendors) to improve system efficiency. The discussion below uses examples from the Cray T3E system that NERSC was operating in 1999. Improved MPP System Efficiency Equals Million-Dollar Savings
Cyber threat metrics.
Threats are generally much easier to list than to describe, and much easier to describe than to measure. As a result, many organizations list threats. Fewer describe them in useful terms, and still fewer measure them in meaningful ways. This is particularly true in the dynamic and nebulous domain of cyber threats - a domain that tends to resist easy measurement and, in some cases, appears to defy any measurement. We believe the problem is tractable. In this report we describe threat metrics and models for characterizing threats consistently and unambiguously. The purpose of this report is to support the Operational Threat Assessment (OTA) phase of risk and vulnerability assessment. To this end, we focus on the task of characterizing cyber threats using consistent threat metrics and models. In particular, we address threat metrics and models for describing malicious cyber threats to US FCEB agencies and systems.
Frye, Jason Neal; Veitch, Cynthia K.; Mateski, Mark Elliot; Michalski, John T.; Harris, James Mark; Trevino, Cassandra M.; Maruoka, Scott
Radiation Detection Computational Benchmark Scenarios
Modeling forms an important component of radiation detection development, allowing for testing of new detector designs, evaluation of existing equipment against a wide variety of potential threat sources, and assessing operation performance of radiation detection systems. This can, however, result in large and complex scenarios which are time consuming to model. A variety of approaches to radiation transport modeling exist with complementary strengths and weaknesses for different problems. This variety of approaches, and the development of promising new tools (such as ORNL�s ADVANTG) which combine benefits of multiple approaches, illustrates the need for a means of evaluating or comparing different techniques for radiation detection problems. This report presents a set of 9 benchmark problems for comparing different types of radiation transport calculations, identifying appropriate tools for classes of problems, and testing and guiding the development of new methods. The benchmarks were drawn primarily from existing or previous calculations with a preference for scenarios which include experimental data, or otherwise have results with a high level of confidence, are non-sensitive, and represent problem sets of interest to NA-22. From a technical perspective, the benchmarks were chosen to span a range of difficulty and to include gamma transport, neutron transport, or both and represent different important physical processes and a range of sensitivity to angular or energy fidelity. Following benchmark identification, existing information about geometry, measurements, and previous calculations were assembled. Monte Carlo results (MCNP decks) were reviewed or created and re-run in order to attain accurate computational times and to verify agreement with experimental data, when present. Benchmark information was then conveyed to ORNL in order to guide testing and development of hybrid calculations. The results of those ADVANTG calculations were then sent to PNNL for compilation. This is a report describing the details of the selected Benchmarks and results from various transport codes.
Shaver, Mark W.; Casella, Andrew M.; Wittman, Richard S.; McDonald, Ben S.
Outlook for Industrial Energy Benchmarking
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is exploring options to sponsor an industrial energy efficiency benchmarking study to identify facility specific, cost-effective best practices and technologies. Such a study could help develop a common understanding of opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and provide additional information to improve the competitiveness of U.S. industry. The EPA's initial benchmarking efforts will focus on industrial power facilities. The key industries of interest include the most energy intensive industries, such as chemical, pulp and paper, and iron and steel manufacturing.
Hartley, Z.
Property:OpenEI/CETSI/Metrics | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Metrics Metrics Jump to: navigation, search Property Name OpenEI/CETSI/Metrics Property Type Text Description Environmental aspects and performance metrics associated with the resource. Pages using the property "OpenEI/CETSI/Metrics" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) A An Overview of Existing Wind Energy Ordinances + The objective of these communities is to facilitate and regulate the development of Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Animal Farm Powers Village + The plant will produce 350 kilowatts per hour, "enough to supply 175 homes with electricity). C City of Aspen Climate Action Plan + The Climate Action Plan calls for greenhouse gas reductions of 30 percent by 2020 and 80 percent by 2050 from its 2004 baseline. Performance metrics are quantified by tons of CO2-e reduced. Based on a 2007 update to the baseline emissions inventory, the community achieved emissions reductions of 68,380 tons. The energy and environmental achievements as of the Plan's adoption in 2007 are outlined as updates within the Plan. To date, there has been no progress report on the Climate Action Plan per se, however the City's environmental achievements are described in the biennial Sustainability Report available at: http://www.aspenpitkin.com/Portals/0/docs/City/GreenInitiatives/enviro_sustainability_report_2008.pdf
Computational evaluation of two reactor benchmark problems
A neutronic evaluation of two reactor benchmark problems was performed. The benchmark problems describe typical PWR uranium and plutonium (mixed oxide) fueled lattices. WIMSd4m, a neutron transport lattice code, was used to evaluate multigroup macroscopic cross sections for various pincell models in each benchmark problem. DEF3D, a multigroup multidimensional diffusion code, was used to evaluate the uranium-fueled lattice benchmark problem of the American Nuclear Society. TWODANT, a multigroup, two-dimensional transport code, was used to evaluate the mixed oxide lattice benchmark problem from the Nuclear Energy Agency. Both benchmark problems yielded results consistent with preliminary results submitted by other participants in the benchmarking exercises. Some suggestions are made to improve future benchmark evaluations.
Cowan, James Anthony
DataTrends Benchmarking and Energy Savings
Benchmarking and Energy Savings Do buildings that consistently benchmark energy performance save energy? The answer is yes, based on the large number of buildings using the U.S....
COSBench: cloud object storage benchmark
With object storage systems being increasingly recognized as a preferred way to expose one's storage infrastructure to the web, the past few years have witnessed an explosion in the acceptance of these systems. Unfortunately, the proliferation of available ... Keywords: benchmark tool, object storage
Qing Zheng; Haopeng Chen; Yaguang Wang; Jian Zhang; Jiangang Duan
Aluchemie Back to Benchmark - Programmaster.org
Meeting, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production. Presentation Title, Aluchemie Back to Benchmark.
Testing (Validating?) Cross Sections with ICSBEP Benchmarks
We discuss how to use critical benchmarks from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments to determine the applicability of specific cross sections to the end-user's problem of interest. Particular attention is paid to making sure the selected suite of benchmarks includes the user's range of applicability (ROA).
Kahler, Albert C. III [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Smart Grid Characteristics, Values, and Metrics | Department...
Characteristics, Values, and Metrics Smart Grid Characteristics, Values, and Metrics DOE Smart Grid Implementation Worksho Smart Grid Characteristics, Values, and Metrics More...
benchmark against which energy use for a given building canbuilding systems and resulting energy use. The Labs21 Benchmark
Performance Metrics for Commercial Buildings
Commercial building owners and operators have requested a standard set of key performance metrics to provide a systematic way to evaluate the performance of their buildings. The performance metrics included in this document provide standard metrics for the energy, water, operations and maintenance, indoor environmental quality, purchasing, waste and recycling and transportation impact of their building. The metrics can be used for comparative performance analysis between existing buildings and industry standards to clarify the impact of sustainably designed and operated buildings.
Fowler, Kimberly M.; Wang, Na; Romero, Rachel L.; Deru, Michael P.
Metric Properties of Euclidean Buildings
This is a survey on nondiscrete euclidean buildings, with a focus on metric properties of these spaces.
Kramer, Linus
Metrics And The Software Designer
This paper will focus on these key topics in an effort to propose a means by which software designers can become effective contributors in the process of metrics collection analysis and reporting. METRICS AND THE SOFTWARE DESIGNER 4 2. KEY TOPICS FOR METRICS USAGE BY DESIGNERS
John T. Kalisz
On Multi-Metric Spaces
A Smarandache multi-space is a union of $n$ spaces $A_1,A_2,..., A_n$ with some additional conditions holding. Combining Smarandache multi-spaces with classical metric spaces, the conception of multi-metric space is introduced. Some characteristics of a multi-metric space are obtained and Banach's fixed-point theorem is generalized in this paper.
Linfan Mao
Metric adjusted skew information
We extend the concept of Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information to something we call ``metric adjusted skew information'' (of a state with respect to a conserved observable). This ``skew information'' is intended to be a non-negative quantity bounded by the variance (of an observable in a state) that vanishes for observables commuting with the state. We show that the skew information is a convex function on the manifold of states. It also satisfies other requirements, proposed by Wigner and Yanase, for an effective measure-of-information content of a state relative to a conserved observable. We establish a connection between the geometrical formulation of quantum statistics as proposed by Chentsov and Morozova and measures of quantum information as introduced by Wigner and Yanase and extended in this article. We show that the set of normalized Morozova-Chentsov functions describing the possible quantum statistics is a Bauer simplex and determine its extreme points. We determine a particularly simple skew information, the ``lambda-skew information,'' parametrized by a lambda in (0,1], and show that the convex cone this family generates coincides with the set of all metric adjusted skew informations. Key words: Skew information, convexity, monotone metric, Morozova-Chentsov function, lambda-skew information.
Frank Hansen
Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies To Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) DTRS56-02-T-0002 (Milestone 7) September 2004 Final Report on Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies Cofunded by Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) DTRS56-02-T-0002 (Milestone 7) by Stephanie A. Flamberg and Robert C. Gertler September 2004 BATTELLE 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693 Neither Battelle, nor any person acting on their behalf: (1) Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the
Geothermal Heat Pump Benchmarking Report
A benchmarking study was conducted on behalf of the Department of Energy to determine the critical factors in successful utility geothermal heat pump programs. A Successful program is one that has achieved significant market penetration. Successfully marketing geothermal heat pumps has presented some major challenges to the utility industry. However, select utilities have developed programs that generate significant GHP sales. This benchmarking study concludes that there are three factors critical to the success of utility GHP marking programs: (1) Top management marketing commitment; (2) An understanding of the fundamentals of marketing and business development; and (3) An aggressive competitive posture. To generate significant GHP sales, competitive market forces must by used. However, because utilities have functioned only in a regulated arena, these companies and their leaders are unschooled in competitive business practices. Therefore, a lack of experience coupled with an intrinsically non-competitive culture yields an industry environment that impedes the generation of significant GHP sales in many, but not all, utilities.
Prepared for the California Energy Commission, Report CEC-was sponsored by the California Energy Commission's PublicShe has worked at the California Energy Commission for 18
SMUD) and seven major climate zones within California. Thetype, utility district, climate zone, and load. In selectedin various California climate zones. Large Office > End Use
Metric Selection for Ecosystem Restoration
managers identify the best metrics to evaluate and select the recommended restoration plan, monitor and assess progress toward achieving project objectives, and, if necessary, inform adaptive management decisions. Performance metrics, or measurable system components used to estimate and track the state of critical aspects of the project, are often the basis for project decision making and furthering scientific understanding. As such, ecosystem restoration planners should take time to carefully select an appropriate and effective metric set. To help planners with this task, this technical note accomplishes the following: 1. Reviews current USACE ecosystem restoration planning and monitoring policy, regulations and guidelines. 2. Explains the importance of metric selection and its roles during planning and post-construction monitoring and assessment. 3. Reviews common options for identifying and selecting metrics including conceptual modeling, historical precedence, and best professional judgment. 4. Presents two metric evaluation methods, screening and multi-criteria decision analysis. 5. Discusses metric application to ecosystem restoration project planning and monitoring.
Matteo Convertino; Kelsie Baker; Connie Lu; John T. Vogel; Kyle Mckay; Igor Linkov
Benchmark precision and random initial state
The applications of software benchmarks place an obvious demand on the precision of the benchmark results. An intuitive and frequently employed approach to obtaining precise enough benchmark results is having the benchmark collect a large number of samples that are simply averaged or otherwise statistically processed. We show that this approach ignores an inherent and unavoidable nondeterminism in the initial state of the system that is evaluated, often leading to an implausible estimate of result precision. We proceed by outlining the sources of nondeterminism in a typical system, illustrating the impact of the nondeterminism on selected classes of benchmarks. Finally, we suggest a method for quantitatively assessing the influence of nondeterminism on a benchmark, as well as approach that provides a plausible estimate of result precision in face of the nondeterminism.
Tomas Kalibera; Lubomir Bulej; Petr Tuma
Factors Causing Unexpected Variations in Ada Benchmarks
Benchmarks are often used to describe the performance of computer systems. This report considers factors that may cause Ada benchmarks to produce inaccurate results. Included are examples from the ongoing benchmarking efforts of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project using bare target computers with several Ada compilers. 1. Introduction One of the goals of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project is to assess the readiness of the Ada programming language and Ada tools for developing embedded systems. The benchmarking and instrumentation subgroup within the AEST Project is running various suites of Ada benchmarks to obtain data on the real-time performance of Ada on a number of different target systems. The purpose of this report is to categorize the factors which cause anomalous results to be produced by the benchmarks. Some of these factors have been observed, while others are more speculative in nature. All these factors should be understood if accurate, comparable,...
Neal Altman; Neal Altman
MCNP/KENO criticality benchmarks
In the past, criticality safety analyses related to the handling and storage of fissile materials were obtained from critical experiments, nuclear safety guides, and handbooks. As a result of rising costs and time delays associated with critical experiments, most experimental facilities have been closed, triggering an increased reliance on computational methods. With this reliance comes the need and requirement for redundant validation by independent criticality codes. Currently, the KENO Monte Carlo transport code is the most widely used tool for criticality safety calculations. For other transport codes, such as MCNP, to be accepted by the criticality safety community as a redundant validation tool they must be able to reproduce experimental results at least as well as KENO. The Monte Carlo neutron, photon, and electron transport code MCNP, has an extensive list of attractive features, including continuous energy cross sections, generalized 3-D geometry, time dependent transport, criticality k{sub eff} calculations, and comprehensive source and tally capabilities. It is widely used for nuclear criticality analysis, nuclear reactor shielding, oil well logging, and medical dosimetry calculations. This report specifically addresses criticality and benchmarks the KENO 25 problem test set. These sample problems constitute the KENO standard benchmark set and represent a relatively wide variety of criticality problems. The KENO Monte Carlo code was chosen because of its extensive benchmarking against analytical and experimental criticality results. Whereas the uncertainty in experimental parameters generally prohibits code validation to better than about 1% in k{sub eff}, the value of k{sub eff} for criticality is considered unacceptable if it deviates more than a few percent from measurements.
McKinney, G.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Wagner, J.C. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Sisolak, J.E. [Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI (United States)
Profile for Selected PCBs, ATSDRTP-8821, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. Boese, B. L., H. Lee II, D. T. Specht, R. C. Randall, and M. H. Winsor 1990....
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent ...
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems Book. 2009, XIX, 338 p., Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4419-0491-1 ... About this book: ...
Optimization Online - Benchmark of Some Nonsmooth Optimization ...
Mar 1, 2006 ... Benchmark of Some Nonsmooth Optimization Solvers for Computing Nonconvex Proximal Points. Warren Hare (whare ***at*** cecm.sfu.ca)
2000 TMS Annual Meeting Exhibitor: BENCHMARK STRUCTURAL
Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corp., has substituted the use of sintered silicon nitride and sialon parts utilized in molten aluminum handling and service with�...
Quantum benchmarking with realistic states of light
The goal of quantum benchmarking is to certify that imperfect quantum communication devices (e.g., quantum channels, quantum memories, quantum key distribution systems) can still be used for meaningful quantum communication. However, the test states used in quantum benchmarking experiments may be imperfect as well. Many quantum benchmarks are only valid for states which match some ideal form, such as pure states or Gaussian states. We outline how to perform quantum benchmarking using arbitrary states of light. These results are used to certify a continuous variable quantum memory by showing that it has the ability to preserve entanglement.
Killoran, Nathan; Buchler, Ben C; Lam, Ping Koy; L�tkenhaus, Norbert
Method and system for benchmarking computers
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A testing system and method for benchmarking computer systems. The system includes a store containing a scalable set of tasks to be performed to produce a solution in ever-increasing degrees of resolution as a larger number of the tasks are performed. A timing and control module allots to each computer a fixed benchmarking interval in which to perform the stored tasks. Means are provided for determining, after completion of the benchmarking interval, the degree of progress through the scalable set of tasks and for producing a benchmarking rating relating to the degree of progress for each computer.
Gustafson, John L. (Ames, IA)
Measure, track, and benchmark | ENERGY STAR
tracking and benchmarking of energy across all operations are your most powerful energy waste reduction tools. Reducing energy waste requires that all forms of energy be...
Measurement Technology for Benchmark Spray Combustion ...
Benchmark Spray Combustion Database. ... A1, uncertainty budget for the fuel flow rate. A2, uncertainty budget for the combustion air flow rate. ...
WebMetrics: Technical Overview
VUG Home Page NIST Web Metrics Technical Overview. Technical Overview. NIST Logo. Good usability is critical to the success of a website. ...
Thermodynamic Metrics and Optimal Paths
Thermodynamic metrics and optimal paths David A. Sivak ? andmanifold on the space of thermodynamic states. Within theconnection to the existing thermodynamic length formalism,
Sivak, David
ILAMB Goals What is a Benchmark? ILAMB Meeting International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) Project
Develop benchmarks for land model performance, with a focus on carbon cycle, ecosystem, surface energy, and hydrological processes. The benchmarks should be designed and accepted by the community. Apply the benchmarks to global models. Support the design and development of a new, open-source, benchmarking software system for either diagnostic or model intercomparison purposes. Strengthen linkages between experimental, monitoring, remote sensing, and climate modeling communities in the design of new model tests and new measurement programs.
Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R
Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography. However, standard process tomography is limited by errors in state preparation, measurement and one-qubit gates. It suffers from inefficient scaling with number of qubits and does not detect adverse error-compounding when gates are composed in long sequences. An additional problem is due to the fact that desirable error probabilities for scalable quantum computing are of the order of 0.0001 or lower. Experimentally proving such low errors is challenging. We describe a randomized benchmarking method that yields estimates of the computationally relevant errors without relying on accurate state preparation and measurement. Since it involves long sequences of randomly chosen gates, it also verifies that error behavior is stable when used in long computations. We implemented randomized benchmarking on trapped atomic ion qubits, establishing a one-qubit error probability per randomized pi/2 pulse of 0.00482(17) in a particular experiment. We expect this error probability to be readily improved with straightforward technical modifications.
E. Knill; D. Leibfried; R. Reichle; J. Britton; R. B. Blakestad; J. D. Jost; C. Langer; R. Ozeri; S. Seidelin; D. J. Wineland
Normalization of Process Safety Metrics
This study is aimed at exploring new process safety metrics for measuring the process safety performance in processing industries. Following a series of catastrophic incidents such as the Bhopal chemical tragedy (1984) and Phillips 66 explosion (1989), process safety became a more important subject than ever. These incidents triggered the development and promulgation of the Process Safety Management (PSM) standard in 1992. While PSM enables management to optimize their process safety programs and organizational risks, there is an emerging need to evaluate the process safety implementation across an organization through measurements. Thus, the process safety metric is applied as a powerful tool that measures safety activities, status, and performance within PSM. In this study, process safety lagging metrics were introduced to describe the contribution of process related parameters in determining the safety performance of an organization. Lagging metrics take process safety incidents as the numerator and divide it by different process-related denominators. Currently a process lagging metric (uses work hours as denominator) introduced by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been used to evaluate the safety performance in processing industries. However, this lagging metric doesn't include enough process safety information. Therefore, modified denominators are proposed in this study and compared with the existing time-based denominator to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the new metrics. Each proposed metric was validated using available industry data. Statistical unitization method has converted incident rates of different ranges for the convenience of comparison. Trend line analysis was the key indication for determining the appropriateness of new metrics. Results showed that some proposed process-related metrics have the potential as alternatives, along with the time-based metric, to evaluate process safety performance within organizations.
Wang, Mengtian
VOC Exposure Metrics
6 6 VOC Exposure Metrics ... and "Sick Building Syndrome" Figure1: The elevated odds ratios (above unity) in this figure suggest that exposures to VOCs from water-based points and solvents are associated with a variety of sick building symptions (* indicates the OR is significant at p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.01). The indoors is often regarded as safe haven from problems associated with outdoor air pollution, but a growing number of reports have suggested that exposures in indoor environments may lead to health problems. One area in which evidence has been accumulating is the relationship between working in office buildings (as opposed to industrial exposure conditions) and a variety of health effects, such as eye, nose, and throat irritation and
Memory-intensive benchmarks: IRAM vs. cache-based machines
the Stressmarks of the DIS Benchmark Project, v 1.0, TitanB. R. Gaeke, �GUPS Benchmark Manual,� Univ. of California,be indispensable to re-run our benchmarks on the real VIRAM
Development of a Computer-based Benchmarking and Analytical Tool...
a Computer-based Benchmarking and Analytical Tool: Benchmarking and Energy & Water Savings Tool in Dairy Plants (BEST-Dairy) Title Development of a Computer-based Benchmarking and...
Benchmarking ICRF simulations for ITER
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Abstract Benchmarking of full-wave solvers for ICRF simulations is performed using plasma profiles and equilibria obtained from integrated self-consistent modeling predictions of four ITER plasmas. One is for a high performance baseline (5.3 T, 15 MA) DT H-mode plasma. The others are for half-field, half-current plasmas of interest for the pre-activation phase with bulk plasma ion species being either hydrogen or He4. The predicted profiles are used by seven groups to predict the ICRF electromagnetic fields and heating profiles. Approximate agreement is achieved for the predicted heating power partitions for the DT and He4 cases. Profiles of the heating powers and electromagnetic fields are compared.
R. V. Budny, L. Berry, R. Bilato, P. Bonoli, M. Brambilla, R.J. Dumont, A. Fukuyama, R. Harvey, E.F. Jaeger, E. Lerche, C.K. Phillips, V. Vdovin, J. Wright, and members of the ITPA-IOS
Function points as a universal software metric
Function point metrics are the most accurate and effective metrics yet developed for software sizing and also for studying software productivity, quality, costs, risks, and economic value. Unlike the older "lines of code" metric function points can be ...
Capers Jones
Experimental comparison of software metrics (abstract only)
Software complexity metrics attempt to objectively measure the difficulty involved in creating and maintaining a program. This experiment will compare five complexity metrics as measures for reading comprehension of programs. The metrics compared are ...
Beth Clark
An Independent Benchmarking of SDP and SOCP Solvers
The codes were run on a standard platform and on all the benchmark ... tabulated and commented benchmarking results this provides an overview of the state of�...
Fairer Benchmarking of Optimization Algorithms via Derivative Free ...
Oct 13, 2010 ... Some benchmarking is done as a proof-of-concept, ... amine an issue that arise during benchmarking and discuss a technique that can help�...
On-chip Benchmarking and Calibration without External References
the target component. A benchmark value is calculated based11� 3.4 Calibration using Benchmarkthe target component. A benchmark value is calculated based
Lee, Cheol-Woong
Building Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China...
Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China: Methods and Challenges Title Building Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China: Methods and Challenges...
Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity...
Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity for the Textile Industry Title Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity for the...
Defining a Standard Metric for Electricity Savings
Defining a Standard Metric for Electricity Savings Title Defining a Standard Metric for Electricity Savings Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-2213E Year of...
Buildings Performance Metrics Terminology | Department of Energy
Terminology Buildings Performance Metrics Terminology This document provides the terms and definitions used in the Department of Energys Performance Metrics Research...
The NERSC Sustained System Performance (SSP) Metric
Effective System Performance (ESP) Metric High performancerefers to this metric as the ESP (Effective Peak TFlop/sSystem Performance) 4 . ESP 5 has several characteristics
Kramer, William; Shalf, John; Strohmaier, Erich
The NERSC Sustained System Performance (SSP) Metric WilliamSSP) metric developed by NERSC for its procurements. Theis important. One system at NERSC consistently slowed down
Daylight metrics and energy savings
The drive towards sustainable, low-energy buildings has increased the need for simple, yet accurate methods to evaluate whether a daylit building meets minimum standards for energy and human comfort performance. Current metrics do not account for the temporal and spatial aspects of daylight, nor of occupants comfort or interventions. This paper reviews the historical basis of current compliance methods for achieving daylit buildings, proposes a technical basis for development of better metrics, and provides two case study examples to stimulate dialogue on how metrics can be applied in a practical, real-world context.
Mardaljevic, John; Heschong, Lisa; Lee, Eleanor
Solitary Wave Benchmarks in Magma Dynamics
We present a model problem for benchmarking codes that investigate magma migration in the Earth's interior. This system retains the essential features of more sophisticated models, yet has the advantage of possessing solitary wave solutions. The existence of such exact solutions to the nonlinear problem make it an excellent benchmark problem for combinations of solver algorithms. In this work, we explore a novel algorithm for computing high quality approximations of the solitary waves and use them to benchmark a semi-Lagrangian Crank-Nicholson scheme for a finite element discretization of the time dependent problem.
Simpson, Gideon
Segmental alternations and metrical theory
This dissertation focuses on phonological alternations that are influenced or constrained by word-internal prosody, i.e. prominence and foot structure, and what these alternations can tell us about metrical theory. Detailed ...
Vaysman, Olga
Conversion to the Metric System
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Appendix C Conversion to the Metric System Public Law 100�418, the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, states: �It is the declared policy of the United ...
Benchmark scenarios for the NMSSM
We discuss constrained and semi--constrained versions of the next--to--minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) in which a singlet Higgs superfield is added to the two doublet superfields that are present in the minimal extension (MSSM). This leads to a richer Higgs and neutralino spectrum and allows for many interesting phenomena that are not present in the MSSM. In particular, light Higgs particles are still allowed by current constraints and could appear as decay products of the heavier Higgs states, rendering their search rather difficult at the LHC. We propose benchmark scenarios which address the new phenomenological features, consistent with present constraints from colliders and with the dark matter relic density, and with (semi--)universal soft terms at the GUT scale. We present the corresponding spectra for the Higgs particles, their couplings to gauge bosons and fermions and their most important decay branching ratios. A brief survey of the search strategies for these states at the LHC is given.
A. Djouadi; M. Drees; U. Ellwanger; R. Godbole; C. Hugonie; S. F. King; S. Lehti; S. Moretti; A. Nikitenko; I. Rottlaender; M. Schumacher; A. Teixeira
Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation
This revised ITP tip sheet on benchmarking the fuel cost of steam provides how-to advice for improving industrial steam systems using low-cost, proven practices and technologies.
Benchmarking autonomic capabilities: Promises and pitfalls
Benchmarks provide a way to quantify progress in a field. Excellent examples of this are the dramatic improvements in processor speeds and middleware performance over the last decade, driven in part by SPEC �
Aaron B. Brown; Joseph Hellerstein; Matt Hogstrom; Tony Lau; Sam Lightstone; Peter Shum; Mary Peterson Yost
DOE Commercial Building Benchmark Models: Preprint
To provide a consistent baseline of comparison and save time conducting such simulations, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a set of standard benchmark building models. This paper will provide an executive summary overview of these benchmark buildings, and how they can save building analysts valuable time. Fully documented and implemented to use with the EnergyPlus energy simulation program, the benchmark models are publicly available and new versions will be created to maintain compatibility with new releases of EnergyPlus. The benchmark buildings will form the basis for research on specific building technologies, energy code development, appliance standards, and measurement of progress toward DOE energy goals. Having a common starting point allows us to better share and compare research results and move forward to make more energy efficient buildings.
Torcelini, P.; Deru, M.; Griffith, B.; Benne, K.; Halverson, M.; Winiarski, D.; Crawley, D. B.
DataTrends Energy Use Benchmarking
Benchmarking Benchmarking The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is changing the way organizations track and manage energy. As of December 2011, organizations have used Portfolio Manager to track and manage the energy use of over 260,000 buildings across all 50 states, representing over 28 billion square feet (nearly 40% of the commercial market). Because of this widespread market adoption, EPA has prepared the DataTrends series to examine benchmarking and trends in energy and water consumption in Portfolio Manager. To learn more, visit www.energystar.gov/DataTrends. Many different types of organizations use Portfolio Manager to benchmark the energy use of their buildings. Office, K-12
energy conversion is provided in the documentation for the Energy Star facility-level benchmarking system
LUBM: A benchmark for OWL knowledge base systems
We describe our method for benchmarking Semantic Web knowledge base systems with respect to use in large OWL applications. We present the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM) as an example of how to design such benchmarks. The LUBM features an ontology ... Keywords: Evaluation, Knowledge base system, Lehigh University Benchmark, Semantic Web
Yuanbo Guo; Zhengxiang Pan; Jeff Heflin
Mixed-Oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmarks
Within the framework of the OECD/NEA Expert Group on Reactor-based Plutonium disposition (TFRPD), a fuel modeling code benchmarks for MOX fuel was initiated. This paper summarizes the calculation results provided by the contributors for the first two fuel performance benchmark problems. A limited sensitivity study of the effect of the rod power uncertainty on code predictions of fuel centerline temperature and fuel pin pressure also was performed and is included in the paper.
Ott, Larry J [ORNL; Tverberg, Terje [OECD Halden Reactor Project; Sartori, Enrico [ORNL
Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors
This note presents a list of physics processes for benchmarking the performance of proposed ILC detectors. This list gives broad coverage of the required physics capabilities of the ILC experiments and suggests target accuracies to be achieved. A reduced list of reactions, which capture within a very economical set the main challenges put by the ILC physics program, is suggested for the early stage of benchmarking of the detector concepts.
M. Battaglia; T. Barklow; M. Peskin; Y. Okada; S. Yamashita; P. Zerwas
Security metrics for source code structures
Software security metrics are measurements to assess security related imperfections (or perfections) introduced during software development. A number of security metrics have been proposed. However, all the perspectives of a software system have not ... Keywords: code quality and security., metrics, security metrics
Istehad Chowdhury; Brian Chan; Mohammad Zulkernine
Metric spaces with unique pretangent spaces
We find necessary and sufficient conditions under which an arbitrary metric space $X$ has a unique pretangent space at the marked point $a\\in X$. Key words: Metric spaces; Tangent spaces to metric spaces; Uniqueness of tangent metric spaces; Tangent space to the Cantor set.
Dovgoshey, Oleksiy; Kugukaslan, Mehmet
data center energy sustainability metric
Data centers represent an increasingly popular construction project type, supported by the continued growth in internet-based services. These facilities can, however, consume large amounts of electricity and�especially if growth trends continue�put strain on utility grids and energy resources. Many metrics have been proposed to evaluate and communicate energy use in data centers. In many cases, the goal is that these metrics will be used to develop energy conscious behavior and perhaps data center sustainability ratings or building codes to reduce average energy use. In this paper, we examine one of the more popular metrics, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), and discuss its shortcomings toward effectively communicating energy sustainability. Our inference is that PUE is an instantaneous representation of electrical energy consumption that encourages operators to report the minimum observed values of PUE. Hence, PUE only conveys an understanding of the minimum possible energy use. Instead we propose the use of energy-based metrics or average PUE over a significant time period�e.g., a year�to better understand the energy efficiency of a data center and to develop sustainability rating/ranking systems and energy codes. Keywords-Data centers; energy efficiency metrics; sustainability standards; Power Usage Effectiveness
Jumie Yuventi; Roshan Mehdizadeh; Jumie Yuventi; Roshan Mehdizadeh
Control of a benchmark structure using GA-optimized fuzzy logic control
Mitigation of displacement and acceleration responses of a three story benchmark structure excited by seismic motions is pursued in this study. Multiple 20-kN magnetorheological (MR) dampers are installed in the three-story benchmark structure and managed by a global fuzzy logic controller to provide smart damping forces to the benchmark structure. Two configurations of MR damper locations are considered to display multiple-input, single-output and multiple-input, multiple-output control capabilities. Characterization tests of each MR damper are performed in a laboratory to enable the formulation of fuzzy inference models. Prediction of MR damper forces by the fuzzy models shows sufficient agreement with experimental results. A controlled-elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize a set of fuzzy logic controllers with concurrent consideration to four structural response metrics. The genetic algorithm is able to identify optimal passive cases for MR damper operation, and then further improve their performance by intelligently modulating the command voltage for concurrent reductions of displacement and acceleration responses. An optimal controller is identified and validated through numerical simulation and fullscale experimentation. Numerical and experimental results show that performance of the controller algorithm is superior to optimal passive cases in 43% of investigated studies. Furthermore, the state-space model of the benchmark structure that is used in numerical simulations has been improved by a modified version of the same genetic algorithm used in development of fuzzy logic controllers. Experimental validation shows that the state-space model optimized by the genetic algorithm provides accurate prediction of response of the benchmark structure to base excitation.
Shook, David Adam
Meaningful Energy Efficiency Performance Metrics for the Process Industries
An effective energy performance benchmarking should include a consideration of production rate, product specifications, feedstock mix, and process type, in addition to thermodynamics and economics. Unfortunately, there is no accepted industry standard for developing Energy Efficiency (EE) performance metrics for the chemical process industries, and published literature on the subject is extremely sparse. This paper will present a comprehensive system of EPIs as applied in a complex multi-product multi-plant organization in the oil and gas industry. Four categories of EPIs are recommended: � By equipment � By process unit � By product � By business unit. It will be shown how each type of EPI fulfills a specific business objective in the organization. Successes and failures are described, and recommendations are provided. The principles and practices outlined in this paper are generally applicable, and will hopefully lead to a standard methodology for EE performance reporting.
Kumana, J. D.; Sidhwa, N. R.
Storage-Intensive Supercomputing Benchmark Study
Critical data science applications requiring frequent access to storage perform poorly on today's computing architectures. This project addresses efficient computation of data-intensive problems in national security and basic science by exploring, advancing, and applying a new form of computing called storage-intensive supercomputing (SISC). Our goal is to enable applications that simply cannot run on current systems, and, for a broad range of data-intensive problems, to deliver an order of magnitude improvement in price/performance over today's data-intensive architectures. This technical report documents much of the work done under LDRD 07-ERD-063 Storage Intensive Supercomputing during the period 05/07-09/07. The following chapters describe: (1) a new file I/O monitoring tool iotrace developed to capture the dynamic I/O profiles of Linux processes; (2) an out-of-core graph benchmark for level-set expansion of scale-free graphs; (3) an entity extraction benchmark consisting of a pipeline of eight components; and (4) an image resampling benchmark drawn from the SWarp program in the LSST data processing pipeline. The performance of the graph and entity extraction benchmarks was measured in three different scenarios: data sets residing on the NFS file server and accessed over the network; data sets stored on local disk; and data sets stored on the Fusion I/O parallel NAND Flash array. The image resampling benchmark compared performance of software-only to GPU-accelerated. In addition to the work reported here, an additional text processing application was developed that used an FPGA to accelerate n-gram profiling for language classification. The n-gram application will be presented at SC07 at the High Performance Reconfigurable Computing Technologies and Applications Workshop. The graph and entity extraction benchmarks were run on a Supermicro server housing the NAND Flash 40GB parallel disk array, the Fusion-io. The Fusion system specs are as follows: SuperMicro X7DBE Xeon Dual Socket Blackford Server Motherboard; 2 Intel Xeon Dual-Core 2.66 GHz processors; 1 GB DDR2 PC2-5300 RAM (2 x 512); 80GB Hard Drive (Seagate SATA II Barracuda). The Fusion board is presently capable of 4X in a PCIe slot. The image resampling benchmark was run on a dual Xeon workstation with NVIDIA graphics card (see Chapter 5 for full specification). An XtremeData Opteron+FPGA was used for the language classification application. We observed that these benchmarks are not uniformly I/O intensive. The only benchmark that showed greater that 50% of the time in I/O was the graph algorithm when it accessed data files over NFS. When local disk was used, the graph benchmark spent at most 40% of its time in I/O. The other benchmarks were CPU dominated. The image resampling benchmark and language classification showed order of magnitude speedup over software by using co-processor technology to offload the CPU-intensive kernels. Our experiments to date suggest that emerging hardware technologies offer significant benefit to boosting the performance of data-intensive algorithms. Using GPU and FPGA co-processors, we were able to improve performance by more than an order of magnitude on the benchmark algorithms, eliminating the processor bottleneck of CPU-bound tasks. Experiments with a prototype solid state nonvolative memory available today show 10X better throughput on random reads than disk, with a 2X speedup on a graph processing benchmark when compared to the use of local SATA disk.
Cohen, J; Dossa, D; Gokhale, M; Hysom, D; May, J; Pearce, R; Yoo, A
Common Carbon Metric | Open Energy Information
Common Carbon Metric Common Carbon Metric Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Common Carbon Metric Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Environment Programme, World Resources Institute Sector: Energy Focus Area: Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Industry Topics: GHG inventory, Implementation Resource Type: Guide/manual, Publications Website: www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/Common-Carbon-Metric-for_Pilot_Testing_220410.p Common Carbon Metric Screenshot References: Common Carbon Metrics [1] "This paper is offered by the United Nations Environment Programme's Sustainable Buildings & Climate Initiative (UNEP-SBCI), a partnership between the UN and public and private stakeholders in the building sector, promoting sustainable building practices globally. The purpose of this
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1988-1995)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATTONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS F O R INFORMATION S Y S T E MIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Dunkle, Debbie
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1988-1994)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATIONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS INServices PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Gurbaxani, Viijay; Vitalari, Nicholas; Dunkle, Debbie
Assessment of Applying the PMaC Prediction Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks
Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks Summer 2006 Author: Noeldepends on application benchmarks, in particular the NERSCvendors are asked to run SSP benchmarks at various scales to
Keen, Noel
Science Driven Supercomputing Architectures: Analyzing Architectural Bottlenecks with Applications and Benchmark Probes
with Applications and Benchmark Probes The Berkeleydevelopment of adequate benchmarks for identification ofapplication kernels; and 3) Benchmarks to measure key system
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1990-1999)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATIONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS INiv- PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Gurbaxani, Viijay; Dunkle, Debbie
Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD)
The Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD) collection of benchmarks was initiated in the early 1990 s. SINBAD is an international collaboration between the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development s Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank (OECD/NEADB) and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). SINBAD is a major attempt to compile experiments and corresponding computational models with the goal of preserving institutional knowledge and expertise that need to be handed down to future scientists. SINBAD is also a learning tool for university students and scientists who need to design experiments or gain expertise in modeling and simulation. The SINBAD database is currently divided into three categories fission, fusion, and accelerator benchmarks. Where possible, each experiment is described and analyzed using deterministic or probabilistic (Monte Carlo) radiation transport software.
Kirk, Bernadette Lugue [ORNL; Grove, Robert E [ORNL; Kodeli, I. [International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Sartori, Enrico [ORNL; Gulliford, J. [OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Strong quantitative benchmarking of quantum optical devices
Quantum communication devices, such as quantum repeaters, quantum memories, or quantum channels, are unavoidably exposed to imperfections. However, the presence of imperfections can be tolerated, as long as we can verify such devices retain their quantum advantages. Benchmarks based on witnessing entanglement have proven useful for verifying the true quantum nature of these devices. The next challenge is to characterize how strongly a device is within the quantum domain. We present a method, based on entanglement measures and rigorous state truncation, which allows us to characterize the degree of quantumness of optical devices. This method serves as a quantitative extension to a large class of previously-known quantum benchmarks, requiring no additional information beyond what is already used for the non-quantitative benchmarks.
Nathan Killoran; Norbert L�tkenhaus
Towards Scalable Benchmarks for Mass Storage Systems
While mass storage systems have been used for several decades to store large quantities of scientific data, there has been little work on devising standard ways of measuring them. Each system is hand-tuned using parameters that seem to work best, but it is difficult to gauge the potential effect of similar changes on other systems. The proliferation of storage management software and policies has made it difficult for users to make the best choices for their own systems. The introduction of benchmarks will make it possible to gather standard performance measurements across disparate systems, allowing users to make intelligent choices of hardware, software, and algorithms for their mass storage system. This paper presents guidelines for the design of a mass storage system benchmark suite, along with preliminary suggestions for programs to be included. The benchmarks will measure both peak and sustained performance of the system as well as predicting both short-term and long-term behav...
Ethan L. Miller
Investigating the limits of randomized benchmarking protocols
In this paper, we analyze the performance of randomized benchmarking protocols on gate sets under a variety of realistic error models that include systematic rotations, amplitude damping, leakage to higher levels, and 1/f noise. We find that, in almost all cases, benchmarking provides better than a factor-of-two estimate of average error rate, suggesting that randomized benchmarking protocols are a valuable tool for verification and validation of quantum operations. In addition, we derive new models for fidelity decay curves under certain types of non-Markovian noise models such as 1/f and leakage errors. We also show that, provided the standard error of the fidelity measurements is small, only a small number of trials are required for high confidence estimation of gate errors.
Jeffrey M. Epstein; Andrew W. Cross; Easwar Magesan; Jay M. Gambetta
Quantum communication devices, such as quantum repeaters, quantum memories, or quantum channels, are unavoidably exposed to imperfections. However, the presence of imperfections can be tolerated, as long as we can verify that such devices retain their quantum advantages. Benchmarks based on witnessing entanglement have proven useful for verifying the true quantum nature of these devices. The next challenge is to characterize how strongly a device is within the quantum domain. We present a method, based on entanglement measures and rigorous state truncation, which allows us to characterize the degree of quantumness of optical devices. This method serves as a quantitative extension to a large class of previously known quantum benchmarks, requiring no additional information beyond what is already used for the nonquantitative benchmarks.
Killoran, N.; Luetkenhaus, N. [Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1 (Canada)
Argonne TTRDC - APRF - Research Activities - Benchmarking PHEVs
APRF Research Activities: Benchmarking of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) Argonne engineer Mike Duoba Engineer Mike Duoba evaluates a vehicle in Argonne's APRF. Now that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are emerging, it is important to test, characterize and benchmark the wide variety of PHEV designs and control strategies. In the APRF, engineers benchmark PHEVs by combining testing and data analysis to characterize the vehicles' efficiency, performance, and emissions. The vehicles are evaluated over many cycles to find control strategies under a variety of operating conditions. Argonne researchers test PHEVs over cold-start and hot-start urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and highway cycles in both charge-depletion and charge-sustaining operation. Full-charge tests, as
Buildings with cleanrooms and laboratories are growing in terms of total floor area and energy intensity. This building type is common in institutions such as universities and in many industries such as microelectronics and biotechnology. These buildings, with high ventilation rates and special environmental considerations, consume from 4 to 100 times more energy per square foot than conventional commercial buildings. Owners and operators of such facilities know they are expensive to operate, but have little way of knowing if their facilities are efficient or inefficient. A simple comparison of energy consumption per square foot is of little value. A growing interest in benchmarking is also fueled by: A new U.S. Executive Order removing the exemption of federal laboratories from energy efficiency goals, setting a 25% savings target, and calling for baseline guidance to measure progress; A new U.S. EPA and U.S. DOE initiative, Laboratories for the 21st Century, establishing voluntary performance goals and criteria for recognition; and A new PG and E market transformation program to improve energy efficiency in high tech facilities, including a cleanroom energy use benchmarking project. This paper identifies the unique issues associated with benchmarking energy use in high-tech facilities. Specific options discussed include statistical comparisons, point-based rating systems, model-based techniques, and hierarchical end-use and performance-metrics evaluations.
BASCin: Benchmark for Android from Santa Cruz
power consumption by various applications and hardware components of the device (power consumption e?ciency of applications (b) ranks based on performance metrics of the device (power consumption by various ap- plications and hardware components of the device (
Punniyakotti, Manikandan
Appendix B Metric and Thermal Conversion Tables
2011 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Natural Gas Annual 193 Appendix B Metric and Thermal Conversion Tables
Benchmarking Non-Hardware Balance of System (Soft) Costs for...
Benchmarking Non-Hardware Balance of System (Soft) Costs for U.S. Photovoltaic Systems Using a Data-Driven Analysis from PV Installer Survey Results Title Benchmarking Non-Hardware...
A scalability benchmark suite for Erlang/OTP
Programming language implementers rely heavily on benchmarking for measuring and understanding performance of algorithms, architectural designs, and trade-offs between alternative implementations of compilers, runtime systems, and virtual machine components. ... Keywords: benchmarking, erlang, multicore, scalability
Stavros Aronis; Nikolaos Papaspyrou; Katerina Roukounaki; Konstantinos Sagonas; Yiannis Tsiouris; Ioannis E. Venetis
Benchmarking Music Information Retrieval Systems Department of Electronic Engineering
Benchmarking Music Information Retrieval Systems Josh Reiss Department of Electronic Engineering and effective benchmarking system for music information retrieval (MIR) systems. This will serve the multiple surrounding retrieval of audio in test collections. 1. INTRODUCTION The Music Information Retrieval (MIR
Reiss, Josh
Energy Star Building Upgrade Manual Benchmarking Chapter 2
Benchmarks and Apply the Results 9 2.4 Summary 12 Bibliography 12 Glossary G-1 ENERGY STAR Building Manual 2 2. Benchmarking 2.1 Overview Businesses are reducing their...
Plant Level Energy Performance Benchmarking
Since the early 1990's, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has worked with U.S. corporations to reduce their energy requirements in buildings and office space through voluntary programs such as ENERGY STAR�. Corporate partners within ENERGY STAR have enjoyed success by applying the principles fundamental to this program. However, a common view was held that ENERGY STAR did not fully address energy use and performance of manufacturing plants. While there are many partners primarily working in manufacturing industries within ENERGY STAR, the program to date has focused primarily on the energy use and performance of commercial buildings rather than manufacturing plants. In the upcoming year, the EPA is poised to deliver new program components to facilitate broader corporate participation in ENERGY STAR. The business-oriented approach for building owners central to ENERGY STAR will be expanded to accommodate the energy use of manufacturing businesses. With introduction of the enhanced industrial manufacturing offering, ENERGY STAR will have a complete group of tools that will appeal to all corporate partners. Through understanding of their performance relative to their peers, EPA hopes to make available to the public tools to assess the performance of their plants relative to their peers. The objective of these tools is to provide plant managers and corporate executives with actionable information that can make their plants more competitive, more profitable, and more environmentally benign.
Hicks, T. W.
Local discriminative distance metrics ensemble learning
The ultimate goal of distance metric learning is to incorporate abundant discriminative information to keep all data samples in the same class close and those from different classes separated. Local distance metric methods can preserve discriminative ... Keywords: Distance metrics learning, Local learning
Yang Mu; Wei Ding; Dacheng Tao
Energy and momentum in multiple metric theories
We derive the expressions for canonical energy, momentum, and angular momentum for multiple metric theories. We prove that although the metric fields are generally interacting, the total energy is the sum of conserved energies corresponding to each metric. A positive energy theorem is given as a result.
Talshir, Idan
Comparative Benchmarks of full QCD Algorithms
We report performance benchmarks for several algorithms that we have used to simulate the Schr"odinger functional with two flavors of dynamical quarks. They include hybrid and polynomial hybrid Monte Carlo with preconditioning. An appendix describes a method to deal with autocorrelations for nonlinear functions of primary observables as they are met here due to reweighting.
Roberto Frezzotti; Martin Hasenbusch; Jochen Heitger; Karl Jansen; Ulli Wolff
NASA BENCHMARKS COMMUNICATIONS Assessment Plan NNSA/Nevada Site...
Assessment Plan NNSANevada Site Office Facility Representative Division NASA BENCHMARKS COMMUNICATIONS Assessment Plan NNSANevada Site Office Facility Representative...
A Numerical Benchmark on the Prediction of Macrosegregation in ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Frontiers in Solidification Science. Presentation Title, A Numerical Benchmark�...
The Problem with the Linpack Benchmark Matrix Generator
We characterize the matrix sizes for which the Linpack Benchmark matrix generator constructs a matrix with identical columns.
Dongarra, Jack
Development of a California commercial building benchmarking database
Aspects of metric-like higher-spin geometry
We consider the higher-derivative equations obtained setting to zero the divergence of the higher-spin curvatures in metric-like form, showing their equivalence to the second-order equations emerging from the tensionless limit of open string field theory, propagating reducible spectra of particles with different spins. This result can be viewed as complementary to the possibility of setting to zero a single trace of the higher-spin field strengths, yielding an equation known to imply Fronsdal's equation in the compensator form. We review the general context and results obtained in the investigation of metric-like higher-spin geometry, the structure of the corresponding non-local actions, together with their links to more conventional, local forms including a recently proposed one for higher-spin theories with transverse gauge invariance.
Francia, D. [Centro Studi e Ricerche E. Fermi, piazza del Viminale 1, I-00184 Roma, Italy and Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa (Italy)
Conventional Benchmarks as a Sample of the Performance Spectrum
Most benchmarks are smaller than actual application programs. One reason is to improve benchmark universality by demanding resources every computer is likely to have. However, users dynamically increase the size of application programs to match the power ... Keywords: HINT, benchmarks, hierarchical memory, performance analysis
John L. Gustafson; Rajat Todi
Performance Metrics Tiers | Department of Energy
Performance Metrics Tiers Performance Metrics Tiers Performance Metrics Tiers The performance metrics defined by the Commercial Buildings Integration Program offer different tiers of information to address the needs of various users. On this page you will find information about the various goals users are trying to achieve by using performance metrics and the tiers of metrics. Goals in Measuring Performance Many individuals and groups are involved with a building over its lifetime, and all have different interests in and requirements for the building. Although these interests differ, the value in using metrics reflects a small number of driving factors: Controlling energy costs and energy consumption Minimizing environmental impacts Enhancing the image through marketing Improving load forecasting, energy management, and reliability.
Metric selection for evaluating human supervisory control of unmanned vehicles
Broad metric classes were proposed in the literature in order to facilitate metric selection for evaluating human-autonomous vehicle interaction. However, there still lacks a systematic method for selecting an efficient set of metrics from the many metrics ... Keywords: AHP, analytic hierarchy process, experiments, human supervisory control, metric quality, metrics
Birsen Donmez; M. L. Cummings
Measure, track, and benchmark | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Measure, track, and benchmark Measure, track, and benchmark Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section Get started with ENERGY STAR Make the business case Build an energy management program Measure, track, and benchmark Tools for benchmarking energy management practices Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Indicators for plants
RTJBench: A RealTime Java Benchmarking Framework
Abstract. The paper gives an overview of RTJBench, a framework designed to assist in the task of benchmarking programs written in the Real-Time Specification for Java, but with potentially more general applicability. RTJBench extends the JUnit framework for unit testing of Java applications with tools for real-time environment configuration, simple data processing and configurable graphical presentation services. We present design principles of RTJBench and give an example of a benchmarking suite we have been using for daily regression benchmarking of the Open Virtual Machine. Keywords: Benchmarking, regression benchmarking, Real-Time Specification for Java
Marek Prochazka; Andrey Madan; Jan Vitek; Wenchang Liu
Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool | Open Energy Information
Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Agency/Company /Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, - Central Plant, Industry Topics: Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: industrial-energy.lbl.gov/node/100 Cost: Free Language: English References: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool [1] Logo: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool The Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool (BEST) is an Excel-based spreadsheet energy analysis tool developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool (BEST) is an Excel-based spreadsheet energy analysis tool developed by Lawrence Berkeley National
Simulation benchmarks for low-pressure plasmas: capacitive discharges
Benchmarking is generally accepted as an important element in demonstrating the correctness of computer simulations. In the modern sense, a benchmark is a computer simulation result that has evidence of correctness, is accompanied by estimates of relevant errors, and which can thus be used as a basis for judging the accuracy and efficiency of other codes. In this paper, we present four benchmark cases related to capacitively coupled discharges. These benchmarks prescribe all relevant physical and numerical parameters. We have simulated the benchmark conditions using five independently developed particle-in-cell codes. We show that the results of these simulations are statistically indistinguishable, within bounds of uncertainty that we define. We therefore claim that the results of these simulations represent strong benchmarks, that can be used as a basis for evaluating the accuracy of other codes. These other codes could include other approaches than particle-in-cell simulations, where benchmarking could exa...
Turner, M M; Donko, Z; Eremin, D; Kelly, S J; Lafleur, T; Mussenbrock, T
Documenting performance metrics in a building life-cycle information system
In order to produce a new generation of green buildings, it will be necessary to clearly identify their performance requirements, and to assure that these requirements are met. A long-term goal is to provide building decision-makers with the information and tools needed to cost-effectively assure the desired performance of buildings, as specified by stakeholders, across the complete life cycle of a building project. A key element required in achieving this goal is a method for explicitly documenting the building performance objectives that are of importance to stakeholders. Such a method should clearly define each objective (e.g., cost, energy use, and comfort) and its desired level of performance. This information is intended to provide quantitative benchmarks useful in evaluating alternative design solutions, commissioning the newly constructed building, and tracking and maintaining the actual performance of the occupied building over time. These quantitative benchmarks are referred to as performance metrics, and they are a principal element of information captured in the Building Life-cycle Information System (BLISS). An initial implementation of BLISS is based on the International Alliance for Interoperability`s (IAI) Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an evolving data model under development by a variety of architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry firms and organizations. Within BLISS, the IFC data model has been extended to include performance metrics and a structure for archiving changing versions of the building information over time. This paper defines performance metrics, discusses the manner in which BLISS is envisioned to support a variety of activities related to assuring the desired performance of a building across its life cycle, and describes a performance metric tracking tool, called Metracker, that is based on BLISS.
Hitchcock, R.J.; Piette, M.A.; Selkowitz, S.E.
Benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude assayed
The paper gives an assay of West Texas Intermediate, one of the world's market crudes. The price of this crude, known as WTI, is followed by market analysts, investors, traders, and industry managers around the world. WTI price is used as a benchmark for pricing all other US crude oils. The 41[degree] API WTI posted prices is the price paid for the crude at the wellhead in West Texas and is the true benchmark on which other US crudes are priced. The spot price is the negotiated price for short-term trades of the crude. And the New York Mercantile Exchange, or Nymex, price is a futures price for barrels delivered at Cushing.
Rhodes, A.K.
Characterizing Quantum Gates via Randomized Benchmarking
We describe and expand upon the scalable randomized benchmarking protocol proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 180504 (2011) which provides a method for benchmarking quantum gates and estimating the gate-dependence of the noise. The protocol allows the noise to have weak time and gate-dependence, and we provide a sufficient condition for the applicability of the protocol in terms of the average variation of the noise. We discuss how state preparation and measurement errors are taken into account and provide a complete proof of the scalability of the protocol. We establish a connection in special cases between the error rate provided by this protocol and the error strength measured using the diamond norm distance.
Easwar Magesan; Jay M. Gambetta; Joseph Emerson
Parton Distribution Benchmarking with LHC Data
We present a detailed comparison of the most recent sets of NNLO PDFs from the ABM, CT, HERAPDF, MSTW and NNPDF collaborations. We compare parton distributions at low and high scales and parton luminosities relevant for LHC phenomenology. We study the PDF dependence of LHC benchmark inclusive cross sections and differential distributions for electroweak boson and jet production in the cases in which the experimental covariance matrix is available. We quantify the agreement between data and theory by computing the chi2 for each data set with all the various PDFs. PDF comparisons are performed consistently for common values of the strong coupling. We also present a benchmark comparison of jet production at the LHC, comparing the results from various available codes and scale settings. Finally, we discuss the implications of the updated NNLO PDF sets for the combined PDF+alphaS uncertainty in the gluon fusion Higgs production cross section.
Richard D. Ball; Stefano Carrazza; Luigi Del Debbio; Stefano Forte; Jun Gao; Nathan Hartland; Joey Huston; Pavel Nadolsky; Juan Rojo; Daniel Stump; Robert S. Thorne; C. -P. Yuan
Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management
Measuring Performance and Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management at the Department of Energy Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management at the Department of Energy Committee for Oversight and Assessment of U.S. Department of Energy Project Management Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
A Simplified HTTR Diffusion Theory Benchmark
The Georgia Institute of Technology (GA-Tech) recently developed a transport theory benchmark based closely on the geometry and the features of the HTTR reactor that is operational in Japan. Though simplified, the benchmark retains all the principal physical features of the reactor and thus provides a realistic and challenging test for the codes. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is an extension of the benchmark to diffusion theory applications by generating the additional data not provided in the GA-Tech prior work. The second goal is to use the benchmark on the HEXPEDITE code available to the INL. The HEXPEDITE code is a Green�s function-based neutron diffusion code in 3D hexagonal-z geometry. The results showed that the HEXPEDITE code accurately reproduces the effective multiplication factor of the reference HELIOS solution. A secondary, but no less important, conclusion is that in the testing against actual HTTR data of a full sequence of codes that would include HEXPEDITE, in the apportioning of inevitable discrepancies between experiment and models, the portion of error attributable to HEXPEDITE would be expected to be modest. If large discrepancies are observed, they would have to be explained by errors in the data fed into HEXPEDITE. Results based on a fully realistic model of the HTTR reactor are presented in a companion paper. The suite of codes used in that paper also includes HEXPEDITE. The results shown here should help that effort in the decision making process for refining the modeling steps in the full sequence of codes.
Rodolfo M. Ferrer; Abderrafi M. Ougouag; Farzad Rahnema
MESURE Tool to benchmark Java Card platforms
The advent of the Java Card standard has been a major turning point in smart card technology. With the growing acceptance of this standard, understanding the performance behavior of these platforms is becoming crucial. To meet this need, we present in this paper a novel benchmarking framework to test and evaluate the performance of Java Card platforms. MESURE tool is the first framework which accuracy and effectiveness are independent from the particular Java Card platform tested and CAD used.
Bouzefrane, Samia; Paradinas, Pierre
A PWR Thorium Pin Cell Burnup Benchmark
As part of work to evaluate the potential benefits of using thorium in LWR fuel, a thorium fueled benchmark comparison was made in this study between state-of-the-art codes, MOCUP (MCNP4B + ORIGEN2), and CASMO-4 for burnup calculations. The MOCUP runs were done individually at MIT and INEEL, using the same model but with some differences in techniques and cross section libraries. Eigenvalue and isotope concentrations were compared on a PWR pin cell model up to high burnup. The eigenvalue comparison as a function of burnup is good: the maximum difference is within 2% and the average absolute difference less than 1%. The isotope concentration comparisons are better than a set of MOX fuel benchmarks and comparable to a set of uranium fuel benchmarks reported in the literature. The actinide and fission product data sources used in the MOCUP burnup calculations for a typical thorium fuel are documented. Reasons for code vs code differences are analyzed and discussed.
Weaver, Kevan Dean; Zhao, X.; Pilat, E. E; Hejzlar, P.
The HPC Challenge benchmark suite has been released by the DARPA HPCS program to help define the performance boundaries of future Petascale computing systems. HPC Challenge is a suite of tests that examine the performance of HPC architectures using kernels with memory access patterns more challenging than those of the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark used in the Top500 list. Thus, the suite is designed to augment the Top500 list, providing benchmarks that bound the performance of many real applications as a function of memory access characteristics e.g., spatial and temporal locality, and providing a framework for including additional tests. In particular, the suite is composed of several well known computational kernels (STREAM, HPL, matrix multiply--DGEMM, parallel matrix transpose--PTRANS, FFT, RandomAccess, and bandwidth/latency tests--b{sub eff}) that attempt to span high and low spatial and temporal locality space. By design, the HPC Challenge tests are scalable with the size of data sets being a function of the largest HPL matrix for the tested system.
Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack J.; Koester, David; Rabenseifner,Rolf; Lucas, Bob; Kepner, Jeremy; McCalpin, John; Bailey, David; Takahashi, Daisuke
Cyber Security Metrics and Measures abstract
Paul E. Black, Karen Scarfone, and Murugiah Souppaya, Cyber Security Metrics and Measures, in Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for ...
Argonne TDC: Phase Metrics - Argonne National Laboratory
A magneto-optical imaging capability developed by Argonne, Phase Metrics, and the Institute of Solid State Physics (Moscow, Russia) could be the key to developing ...
DEFINING A STANDARD METRIC FOR ELECTRICITY SAVINGS Jonathan Koomey*, Hashem Akbari, Carl Blumstein, Marilyn Brown, Richard Brown, Chris Calwell, Sheryl Carter, Ralph Cavanagh,...
Metric Week Begins 10/10/10!
... Begun by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on May 10, 1976, approximately one year after the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 ...
1991. The Potential for Electricity Efficiency Improvementswww.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/eia860.html>. FigureA STANDARD METRIC FOR ELECTRICITY SAVINGS Jonathan Koomey*,
Koomey, Jonathan
Most plans and reports recently discuss only one of four distinct purposes benchmarks are used. The obvious purpose is selection of a system from among its competitors, something that is the main focus of this paper. This purpose is well discussed in many workshops and reports. The second use of benchmarks is validating the selected system actually works the way expected once it arrives. This purpose may be more important than the first reason. The second purpose is particularly key when systems are specified and selected based on performance projections rather than actual runs on the actual hardware. The third use of benchmarks, seldom mentioned, is to assure the system performs as expected throughout its lifetime1, (e.g. after upgrades, changes, and regular use.) Finally, benchmarks are used to guide system designs, something covered in detail in a companion paper from Berkeley's Institute for Performance Studies (BIPS).
Three-dimensional metrics as deformations of a constant curvature metric
Any three-dimensional Riemannian metric can be locally obtained by deforming a constant curvature metric along one direction. The general interest of this result, both in geometry and physics, and related open problems are stressed.
B. Coll; J. Llosa; D. Soler
Action Items
ACTION ITEMS ACTION ITEMS Presentation to the DOE High Level Waste Corporate Board July 29, 2009 Kurt Gerdes Office of Waste Processing DOE-EM Office of Engineering & Technology 2 ACTION ITEMS Action Item Status * Approve Performance Assessment Community of Practice Charter * Charter approved 13 July 2009 by majority vote of Board (balloting conducted by e- mail). * Report on first Performance Assessment Community of Practice meeting * Meeting held on 13-14 July 2009. Report by David Kosson, PhD, Vanderbilt University and CRESP * Update of Tank Waste Corporate Board Charter to include changes resulting from changes in Office of Environmental Management * In progress (pending completion of any reorganization) * Update of Performance Assessment Community of Practice Charter to include
Building energy benchmarking is a useful starting point for commercial building owners and operators to target energy savings opportunities. There are a number of tools and methods for benchmarking energy use. Benchmarking based on regional data can provides more relevant information for California buildings than national tools such as Energy Star. This paper discusses issues related to benchmarking commercial building energy use and the development of Cal-Arch, a building energy benchmarking database for California. Currently Cal-Arch uses existing survey data from California's Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), a largely underutilized wealth of information collected by California's major utilities. Doe's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is used by a similar tool, Arch, and by a number of other benchmarking tools. Future versions of Arch/Cal-Arch will utilize additional data sources including modeled data and individual buildings to expand the database.
Information flow metrics analysis in object oriented programming and metrics validation process by RAA algorithm
Transparent data flow metrics and control flow metrics had no main concern which to be handled by a compiler. Nowadays similar hardware and multithreaded coding is increased. Consequently, both data flow and control flow become more important in analyses ... Keywords: Ant colony algorithm, Information flow metrics, Object oriented information flow, Object oriented programming, Rule accuracy algorithm, Rule induction
Abdul Jabbar; Subramani Sarala
Manufacturers' View on Benchmarking and Disclosure
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Association of Electrical and Association of Electrical and Medical Imaging Equipment Manufacturers Manufacturing Solutions for Energy Efficiency in Buildings Patrick Hughes Policy Director, High Performance Buildings National Electrical Manufacturers Association The Association of Electrical and Medical Imaging Equipment Manufacturers What is NEMA? The Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers Which policies encourage energy efficiency in buildings? Energy Savings Performance Contracts Tax Incentives Shaheen- Portman Benchmarking and Disclosure Bullitt Center Seattle, Washington The Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers Energy Savings Performance Contracts ESPCs pay for efficiency upgrades with
ABM11 parton distributions and benchmarks
We present a determination of the nucleon parton distribution functions (PDFs) and of the strong coupling constant $\\alpha_s$ at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD based on the world data for deep-inelastic scattering and the fixed-target data for the Drell-Yan process. The analysis is performed in the fixed-flavor number scheme for $n_f=3,4,5$ and uses the $\\bar{MS}$ scheme for $\\alpha_s$ and the heavy quark masses. The fit results are compared with other PDFs and used to compute the benchmark cross sections at hadron colliders to the NNLO accuracy.
S. Alekhin; J. Bluemlein; S. -O. Moch
Robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes
We describe a simple randomized benchmarking protocol for quantum information processors and obtain a sequence of models for the observable fidelity decay as a function of a perturbative expansion of the errors. We are able to prove that the protocol provides an efficient and reliable estimate of an average error-rate for a set operations (gates) under a general noise model that allows for both time and gate-dependent errors. We determine the conditions under which this estimate remains valid and illustrate the protocol through numerical examples.
Easwar Magesan; J. M. Gambetta; Joseph Emerson
Use Energy Information Services to Benchmark with ENERGY STAR
service products that meet different customer needs including: > Utility Bill Management: ENERGY STAR automated benchmarking, utility tracking, bill processing and payment,...
Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation | ENERGY...
You are here Home Buildings & Plants Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login...
New Benchmark Instances for the Steiner Problem in Graphs
Sep 26, 2001 ... New Benchmark Instances for the Steiner Problem in Graphs. Isabel Rosseti ( rosseti ***at*** inf.puc-rio.br) Marcus Poggi de Arag�o (poggi�...
Revised Benchmark Problem for modeling of metal flow and metal ...
The literature is scarce when it comes to benchmark problems for MHD flow in a cell and those cases which are available often suffer from insufficient level of�...
Region Benchmarks 1 Source & notes HOSPITAL BUILDING ENERGYbenchmarks are based on hospital energy end use estimates presented on LBNL�s EnergyIQ commercial building
NERSC-6 Workload Analysis and Benchmark Selection Process
Computational Characteristics for NERSC?6 Benchmarks. *CI isScience-Driven Computing: NERSC�s Plan for 2006�2010,�Erich Strohmaier, �The NERSC Sustained System Performance (
Antypas, Katie
ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 2: Benchmarking ...
efficiency upgrades presented in an easy-to-understand framework designed especially for ENERGY STAR partners. This 12-page chapter defines benchmarking, what successful...
Tools for benchmarking energy management practices | ENERGY STAR
benchmarking energy management practices Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new...
Benchmark Results for TraPPE Carbon Dioxide
Benchmark results for TraPPE Carbon Dioxide. The purpose of these pages is to provide some explicit results from Monte ...
Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance | ENERGY
Industrial energy management Industrial energy management » Measure, track, and benchmark » Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section Get started with ENERGY STAR Make the business case Build an energy management program Measure, track, and benchmark Tools for benchmarking energy management practices
Implementing the data center energy productivity metric
As data centers proliferate in size and number, the endeavor to improve their energy efficiency and productivity is becoming increasingly important. We discuss the properties of a number of the proposed metrics of energy efficiency and productivity. ... Keywords: Energy, data center, metrics, productivity
Landon H. Sego; Andr�s M�rquez; Andrew Rawson; Tahir Cader; Kevin Fox; William I. Gustafson, Jr.; Christopher J. Mundy
Modular Robot Motion Planning Using Similarity Metrics
In order for a modular self-reconfigurable robotic system to autonomously change from its current state to a desired one, it is critical to have a cost function (or metric) that reflects the effort required to reconfigure. A reconfiguration sequence ... Keywords: group, metric, modular robots, morphing, optimal assignment, pattern matching
Chih-Jung Chiang; Gregory S. Chirikjian
VVER-440 dosimetry and neutron spectrum benchmark
Light Water Reactor (LWR) benchmark experiments performed in the United States under the Surveillance Dosimetry Improvement Program (SDIP), in general, reported measured reaction rates and not neutron flux spectrum. The VVER-440 benchmark experiments, using a combination of spherical hydrogen-filled proportional counters and a stilbene scintillator detector, were measurements that provided a direct verification of the transport neutron flux spectrum. The original SAILOR cross-section library from ENDF/B-IV were used, except that the iron, hydrogen, and oxygen values from ENDF/B-VI were inserted. A linear-least-squares analysis showed that the average difference between calculations and measurements below 10 MeV was (a) less than 6% at the surveillance position; (b) less than 5% at the pressure vessel (PV) inner surface; (c) less than 6% at 1/3 thickness into the PV (1/3 T); (d) less than 17% at 2/3 thickness into the PV (2/3 T); and (e) less than 24% at the PV outer surface.
Sajot, E. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States). Nuclear Science Center; Kam, F.B.K. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Updated Post-WMAP Benchmarks for Supersymmetry
We update a previously-proposed set of supersymmetric benchmark scenarios, taking into account the precise constraints on the cold dark matter density obtained by combining WMAP and other cosmological data, as well as the LEP and b -> s gamma constraints. We assume that R parity is conserved and work within the constrained MSSM (CMSSM) with universal soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar and gaugino masses m_0 and m_1/2. In most cases, the relic density calculated for the previous benchmarks may be brought within the WMAP range by reducing slightly m_0, but in two cases more substantial changes in m_0 and m_1/2 are made. Since the WMAP constraint reduces the effective dimensionality of the CMSSM parameter space, one may study phenomenology along `WMAP lines' in the (m_1/2, m_0) plane that have acceptable amounts of dark matter. We discuss the production, decays and detectability of sparticles along these lines, at the LHC and at linear e+ e- colliders in the sub- and multi-TeV ranges, stressing the complementarity of hadron and lepton colliders, and with particular emphasis on the neutralino sector. Finally, we preview the accuracy with which one might be able to predict the density of supersymmetric cold dark matter using collider measurements.
M. Battaglia; A. De Roeck; J. Ellis; F. Gianotti; K. A. Olive; L. Pape
SAPHIRE 8 Quality Assurance Software Metrics Report
The purpose of this review of software metrics is to examine the quality of the metrics gathered in the 2010 IV&V and to set an outline for results of updated metrics runs to be performed. We find from the review that the maintenance of accepted quality standards presented in the SAPHIRE 8 initial Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) of April, 2010 is most easily achieved by continuing to utilize the tools used in that effort while adding a metric of bug tracking and resolution. Recommendations from the final IV&V were to continue periodic measurable metrics such as McCabe's complexity measure to ensure quality is maintained. The four software tools used to measure quality in the IV&V were CodeHealer, Coverage Validator, Memory Validator, Performance Validator, and Thread Validator. These are evaluated based on their capabilities. We attempted to run their latest revisions with the newer Delphi 2010 based SAPHIRE 8 code that has been developed and was successful with all of the Validator series of tools on small tests. Another recommendation from the IV&V was to incorporate a bug tracking and resolution metric. To improve our capability of producing this metric, we integrated our current web reporting system with the SpiraTest test management software purchased earlier this year to track requirements traceability.
Kurt G. Vedros
The Snowmass Points and Slopes: Benchmarks for SUSY Searches
The ``Snowmass Points and Slopes'' (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 ``Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics'' as a consensus based on different existing proposals.
B. C. Allanach; M. Battaglia; G. A. Blair; M. Carena; A. De Roeck; A. Dedes; A. Djouadi; D. Gerdes; N. Ghodbane; J. Gunion; H. E. Haber; T. Han; S. Heinemeyer; J. L. Hewett; I. Hinchliffe; J. Kalinowski; H. E. Logan; S. P. Martin; H. -U. Martyn; K. T. Matchev; S. Moretti; F. Moortgat; G. Moortgat-Pick; S. Mrenna; U. Nauenberg; Y. Okada; K. A. Olive; W. Porod; M. Schmitt; S. Su; C. E. M. Wagner; G. Weiglein; J. Wells; G. W. Wilson; P. Zerwas
From Aardvark to Zorro: A Benchmark for Mammal Image Classification
Current object recognition systems aim at recognizing numerous object classes under limited supervision conditions. This paper provides a benchmark for evaluating progress on this fundamental task. Several methods have recently proposed to utilize the ... Keywords: Animals, Annotation, Benchmark, Database, Dataset, Machine learning, Mammals, Multiclass, Natural images, Object recognition, Svm
Michael Fink; Shimon Ullman
Synthetic benchmark for modeling flow in 3D fractured media
Intensity and localization of flows in fractured media have promoted the development of a large range of different modeling approaches including Discrete Fracture Networks, pipe networks and equivalent continuous media. While benchmarked usually within ... Keywords: Benchmark, Fractured media, Single-phase flow, Stochastic model
Jean-Raynald De Dreuzy; G�Raldine Pichot; Baptiste Poirriez; Jocelyne Erhel
HPC Global File System Performance Analysis Using A Scientific-Application Derived Benchmark
Scienti?c-Application Derived Benchmark. In Proc. SC07: HighMonterey, CA, April 11-14 2005. [9] Flash io benchmark.www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/pio-benchmark/. [10] W. Gropp, E. Lusk,
Borrill, Julian
Do Benchmarks Matter? Do Measures Matter? A Study of Monthly Mutual Fund Returns
USING 279 MUTUAL FUNDS Benchmark: Time Series t-statistic:FOR 3 MEASURES WITH 4 BENCHMARKS USING 109 PASSIVE TEST120 MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS BENCHMARK: EW INDEX 10 FACTORS P8
Grinblatt, Mark; Titman, Sheridan
Review of California and National Methods for Energy Performance Benchmarking of Commercial Buildings
benchmark the energy performance of California�s buildings.benchmark the energy performance of California�s buildings.benchmark with quantitative statistics guiding the building evaluation. Energy
Matson, Nance E.; Piette, Mary Ann
Data Collection and Reporting for Metrics and Benefits: Smart...
and Reporting for Metrics and Benefits: Smart Grid Investment Grant Program Data Collection and Reporting for Metrics and Benefits: Smart Grid Investment Grant Program Presentation...
Energy-Momentum Distribution in Weyl Metrics
In this paper, we evaluate energy and momentum density distributions for the Weyl metric by using the well-known prescriptions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papaterou and M$\\ddot{o}$ller. The metric under consideration is the static axisymmetric vacuum solution to the Einstein field equations and one of the field equations represents the Laplace equation. Curzon metric is the special case of this spacetime. We find that the energy density is different for each prescription. However, momentum turns out to be constant in each case.
M. Sharif; Tasnim Fatima
Quantum benchmarks for pure single-mode Gaussian states
Teleportation and storage of continuous variable states of light and atoms are essential building blocks for the realization of large scale quantum networks. Rigorous validation of these implementations require identifying, and surpassing, benchmarks set by the most effective strategies attainable without the use of quantum resources. Such benchmarks have been established for special families of input states, like coherent states and particular subclasses of squeezed states. Here we solve the longstanding problem of defining quantum benchmarks for general pure Gaussian single-mode states with arbitrary phase, displacement, and squeezing, randomly sampled according to a realistic prior distribution. As a special case, we show that the fidelity benchmark for teleporting squeezed states with totally random phase and squeezing degree is 1/2, equal to the corresponding one for coherent states. We discuss the use of entangled resources to beat the benchmarks in experiments.
Giulio Chiribella; Gerardo Adesso
Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories
Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories Speaker(s): Mayank Singh Date: November 22, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Dale Sartor (The EETD Applications Team includes: Satish Kumar, Paul Mathew, Dale Sartor, and Mayank Singh.) Developers of benchmarking tools are confronted with some common issues and some unique challenges. This presentation will describe the challenges faced by us while developing a web-based benchmarking tool for laboratories. Attributes such as the i) analytical and data visualization capability, and ii) flexibility and usability of the tool are common to any benchmarking effort. The various classification scheme and categories of laboratories, each with its own energy signature, posed a design challenge both for the database as well as data input forms,
Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices | Open
Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Buildings, Industry Topics: Resource assessment, Technology characterizations Resource Type: Publications, Guide/manual Website: www.esmap.org/esmap/sites/esmap.org/files/P115793_Energy%20Efficient%2 Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Screenshot References: EE Cities[1] Overview "Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tools and Benchmarking Practices has been developed from a careful review of selected papers presented during two ESMAP-sponsored sessions at the fifth World Bank Urban Research
Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis |
Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis October 7, 2013 - 10:54am Addthis YOU ARE HERE Step 2 When actual energy use by building type is known, benchmarking the performance of those buildings to industry averages can help establish those with greatest opportunities for GHG reduction. Energy intensity can be used as a basis for benchmarking by building type and can be calculated using actual energy use, representative buildings, or available average estimates from agency energy records. Energy intensity should be compared to industry averages, such as the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) or an agency specific metered sample by location. When a program has access to metered data or representative building data,
Review of National and California Benchmarking Methods
Review of California and National Methods for Review of California and National Methods for Energy-Performance Benchmarking of Commercial Buildings Nance E. Matson and Mary Ann Piette Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory September 5 th , 2005 LBNL No. 57364 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
Benchmarking PDR models against the Horsehead edge
To prepare for the unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution provided by ALMA and Herschel/HIFI, chemical models are being benchmarked against each other. It is obvious that chemical models also need well-constrained observations that can serve as references. Photo-dissociation regions (PDRs) are particularly well suited to serve as references because they make the link between diffuse and molecular clouds, thus enabling astronomers to probe a large variety of physical and chemical processes. At a distance of 400 pc (1" corresponding to 0.002 pc), the Horsehead PDR is very close to the prototypical kind of source (i.e. 1D, edge-on) needed to serve as a reference to models.
J�r�me Pety; Javier R. Goicoechea; Maryvonne Gerin; Pierre Hily-Blant; David Teyssier; Evelyne Roueff; Emilie Habart; Alain Abergel
A Benchmark Study on Casting Residual Stress
Stringent regulatory requirements, such as Tier IV norms, have pushed the cast iron for automotive applications to its limit. The castings need to be designed with closer tolerances by incorporating hitherto unknowns, such as residual stresses arising due to thermal gradients, phase and microstructural changes during solidification phenomenon. Residual stresses were earlier neglected in the casting designs by incorporating large factors of safety. Experimental measurement of residual stress in a casting through neutron or X-ray diffraction, sectioning or hole drilling, magnetic, electric or photoelastic measurements is very difficult and time consuming exercise. A detailed multi-physics model, incorporating thermo-mechanical and phase transformation phenomenon, provides an attractive alternative to assess the residual stresses generated during casting. However, before relying on the simulation methodology, it is important to rigorously validate the prediction capability by comparing it to experimental measurements. In the present work, a benchmark study was undertaken for casting residual stress measurements through neutron diffraction, which was subsequently used to validate the accuracy of simulation prediction. The stress lattice specimen geometry was designed such that subsequent castings would generate adequate residual stresses during solidification and cooling, without any cracks. The residual stresses in the cast specimen were measured using neutron diffraction. Considering the difficulty in accessing the neutron diffraction facility, these measurements can be considered as benchmark for casting simulation validations. Simulations were performed using the identical specimen geometry and casting conditions for predictions of residual stresses. The simulation predictions were found to agree well with the experimentally measured residual stresses. The experimentally validated model can be subsequently used to predict residual stresses in different cast components. This enables incorporation of the residual stresses at the design phase along with external loads for accurate predictions of fatigue and fracture performance of the cast components.
Johnson, Eric M. [John Deere -- Moline Tech Center; Watkins, Thomas R [ORNL; Schmidlin, Joshua E [ORNL; Dutler, S. A. [MAGMA Foundry Technologies, Inc.
Thermodynamics using p4-improved staggered fermion action on QCDOC
We present an exploratory study of the thermodynamics of $N_f=3$ QCD with an improved staggered fermions using the QCDOC supercomputer. We use a p4 action with MILC-style smeared links (Fat 7). Some details of the implementation of the p4 action on QCDOC are discussed and performance benchmarks are given. We show preliminary results for the quark mass dependence of the pseudo-critical temperature $T_c$ from several lattice volumes . We also make a comparison between p4fat7 and the old p4 action.
Chulwoo Jung
Does General Relativity Require a Metric
The nexus between the gravitational field and the space-time metric was an essential element in Einstein's development of General Relativity and led him to his discovery of the field equations for the gravitational field/metric. I will argue here that the metric is in fact an inessential element of this theory and can be dispensed with entirely. Its sole function in the theory was to describe the space-time measurements made by ideal clocks and rods. However, the behavior of model clocks and measuring rods can be derived directly from the field equations of General Relativity using the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann (EIH) approiximation procedure. Therefore one does not need to introduce these ideal clocks and rods and hence has no need of a metric.
James L. Anderson
Spatial Error Metrics for Oceanographic Model Verification
A common problem with modern numerical oceanographic models is spatial displacement, including misplacement and misshapenness of ocean circulation features. Traditional error metrics, such as least squares methods, are ineffective in many such ...
Sean B. Ziegeler; James D. Dykes; Jay F. Shriver
Clean Cities Annual Metrics Report 2009 (Revised)
Document provides Clean Cities coalition metrics about the use of alternative fuels; the deployment of alternative fuel vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and idle reduction initiatives; fuel economy activities; and programs to reduce vehicle miles driven.
Johnson, C.
Metrics of Risk Associated with Defects Rediscovery
Software defects rediscovered by a large number of customers affect various stakeholders and may: 1) hint at gaps in a software manufacturer's Quality Assurance (QA) processes, 2) lead to an over-load of a software manufacturer's support and maintenance teams, and 3) consume customers' resources, leading to a loss of reputation and a decrease in sales. Quantifying risk associated with the rediscovery of defects can help all of these stake-holders. In this chapter we present a set of metrics needed to quantify the risks. The metrics are designed to help: 1) the QA team to assess their processes; 2) the support and maintenance teams to allocate their resources; and 3) the customers to assess the risk associated with using the software product. The paper includes a validation case study which applies the risk metrics to industrial data. To calculate the metrics we use mathematical instruments like the heavy-tailed Kappa distribution and the G/M/k queuing model.
Miranskyy, Andriy V; Reesor, Mark
Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Efficiency
Page 1 Page 1 Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Energy Efficiency Global Taskforce Reaches Agreement on Measurement Protocols for PUE - Continues Discussion of Additional Energy Efficiency Metrics February 28th, 2011 The data center has become an increasingly important part of most business operations in the twenty-first century. With escalating demand and rising energy prices, it is essential for the owners and operators of these mission critical facilities to assess and improve their performance with energy efficiency metrics. However, even with the global presence of many companies, these metrics are often not applied consistently at a global level. To address these inconsistencies, a group of global leaders has been meeting regularly to agree
Evidential structures and metrics for network forensics
Evaluation of forensics evidence is an essential step in proving the malicious intents of an attacker or adversary and the severity of the damages caused to any network. This paper takes a step forward showing how security metrics can be used to sustain ... Keywords: CVSS, NFR, common vulnerability scoring system, evidential database, evidential structure, network attacks, network evidence, network forensic readiness, network forensics, security metrics
Ahmad R. Amran; Raphael C-W. Phan; David J. Parish; John N. Whitley
Simulation information regarding Sandia National Laboratories%3CU%2B2019%3E trinity capability improvement metric.
Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory each selected a representative simulation code to be used as a performance benchmark for the Trinity Capability Improvement Metric. Sandia selected SIERRA Low Mach Module: Nalu, which is a uid dynamics code that solves many variable-density, acoustically incompressible problems of interest spanning from laminar to turbulent ow regimes, since it is fairly representative of implicit codes that have been developed under ASC. The simulations for this metric were performed on the Cielo Cray XE6 platform during dedicated application time and the chosen case utilized 131,072 Cielo cores to perform a canonical turbulent open jet simulation within an approximately 9-billion-elementunstructured- hexahedral computational mesh. This report will document some of the results from these simulations as well as provide instructions to perform these simulations for comparison.
Agelastos, Anthony Michael; Lin, Paul T.
A nine year study of file system and storage benchmarking
Benchmarking is critical when evaluating performance, but is especially difficult for file and storage systems. Complex interactions between I/O devices, caches, kernel daemons, and other OS components result in behavior that is rather difficult to analyze. Moreover, systems have different features and optimizations, so no single benchmark is always suitable. The large variety of workloads that these systems experience in the real world also adds to this difficulty. In this article we survey 415 file system and storage benchmarks from 106 recent papers. We found that most popular benchmarks are flawed and many research papers do not provide a clear indication of true performance. We provide guidelines that we hope will improve future performance evaluations. To show how some widely used benchmarks can conceal or overemphasize overheads, we conducted a set of experiments. As a specific example, slowing down read operations on ext2 by a factor of 32 resulted in only a 2�5 % wall-clock slowdown in a popular compile benchmark. Finally, we discuss future work to improve file system and storage benchmarking.
Avishay Traeger; Erez Zadok; Nikolai Joukov; Charles P. Wright
Metrics for Evaluating the Accuracy of Solar Power Forecasting (Presentation)
This presentation proposes a suite of metrics for evaluating the performance of solar power forecasting.
Zhang, J.; Hodge, B.; Florita, A.; Lu, S.; Hamann, H.; Banunarayanan, V.
Benchmark Evaluation of Plutonium Nitrate Solution Arrays
In October and November of 1981 thirteen approach-to-critical experiments were performed on a remote split table machine (RSTM) in the Critical Mass Laboratory of Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) in Richland, Washington, using planar arrays of polyethylene bottles filled with plutonium (Pu) nitrate solution. Arrays of up to sixteen bottles were used to measure the critical number of bottles and critical array spacing with a tight fitting Plexiglas{reg_sign} reflector on all sides of the arrays except the top. Some experiments used Plexiglas shells fitted around each bottles to determine the effect of moderation on criticality. Each bottle contained approximately 2.4 L of Pu(NO3)4 solution with a Pu content of 105 g Pu/L and a free acid molarity H+ of 5.1. The plutonium was of low 240Pu (2.9 wt.%) content. These experiments were performed to fill a gap in experimental data regarding criticality limits for storing and handling arrays of Pu solution in reprocessing facilities. Of the thirteen approach-to-critical experiments eleven resulted in extrapolations to critical configurations. Four of the approaches were extrapolated to the critical number of bottles; these were not evaluated further due to the large uncertainty associated with the modeling of a fraction of a bottle. The remaining seven approaches were extrapolated to critical array spacing of 3-4 and 4-4 arrays; these seven critical configurations were evaluation for inclusion as acceptable benchmark experiments in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook. Detailed and simple models of these configurations were created and the associated bias of these simplifications was determined to range from 0.00116 and 0.00162 {+-} 0.00006 ?keff. Monte Carlo analysis of all models was completed using MCNP5 with ENDF/BVII.0 neutron cross section libraries. A thorough uncertainty analysis of all critical, geometric, and material parameters was performed using parameter perturbation methods. It was found that uncertainty in the impurities in the polyethylene bottles, reflector position, bottle outer diameter, and critical array spacing had the largest effect. The total uncertainty ranged from 0.00651 to 0.00920 ?keff. Evaluation methods and results will be presented and discussed in greater detail in the full paper.
M. A. Marshall; J. D. Bess
Corrective Action Management Program
Corrective Action Management Program (CAMP) Home CAMP Background DOE Directives Corrective Action Management Team Corrective Action Tracking System (CATS) CAMP Quarterly Reports...
Federal Energy Management Program: Develop an Institutional Change Action
Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability Graphic showing 5 gears. They progress from Determine Goal to Identify Context-Rules, Roles and Tools to Develop Action Plan to Implement Plan to Measure and Evaluate. Institutional Change Continuous Improvement Cycle After establishing a goal and assessing the rules, roles, and tools, Federal agencies can develop an action plan (select the strategies that will be implemented over time to achieve and maintain energy and sustainability goals). This action plan should target specific audiences with tailored strategies and take into account the need to review and revise strategies in the long-term. The action plan must include appropriate metrics and regular measurement. Remember that planning useful efficiency and sustainability evaluation is necessary before an organization begins to implement an action plan.
Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability | Department
Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability Develop an Institutional Change Action Plan for Sustainability October 8, 2013 - 11:50am Addthis Graphic showing 5 gears. They progress from Determine Goal to Identify Context-Rules, Roles and Tools to Develop Action Plan to Implement Plan to Measure and Evaluate. Institutional Change Continuous Improvement Cycle After establishing a goal and assessing the rules, roles, and tools, Federal agencies can develop an action plan (select the strategies that will be implemented over time to achieve and maintain energy and sustainability goals). This action plan should target specific audiences with tailored strategies and take into account the need to review and revise strategies in the long-term. The action plan must include appropriate metrics and regular
Annex A Metrics for the Smart Grid System Report
Annex A Annex A Metrics for the Smart Grid System Report A.iii Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 Metric #1: The Fraction of Customers and Total Load Served by Real-Time Pricing, Critical Peak Pricing, and Time-of-Use Pricing ........................................................................................ A.2 Metric #2: Real-Time System Operations Data Sharing ...................................................................... A.9 Metric #3: Standard Distributed Resource Connection Policies .......................................................... A.18 Metric #4: Regulatory Recovery for Smart Grid Investments ............................................................. A.23
European Lean Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle Benchmark
Lean Gasoline Direct Injection (LGDI) combustion is a promising technical path for achieving significant improvements in fuel efficiency while meeting future emissions requirements. Though Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) technology is commercially available in a few vehicles on the American market, LGDI vehicles are not, but can be found in Europe. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) obtained a European BMW 1-series fitted with a 2.0l LGDI engine. The vehicle was instrumented and commissioned on a chassis dynamometer. The engine and after-treatment performance and emissions were characterized over US drive cycles (Federal Test Procedure (FTP), the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET), and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06)) and steady state mappings. The vehicle micro hybrid features (engine stop-start and intelligent alternator) were benchmarked as well during the course of that study. The data was analyzed to quantify the benefits and drawbacks of the lean gasoline direct injection and micro hybrid technologies from a fuel economy and emissions perspectives with respect to the US market. Additionally that data will be formatted to develop, substantiate, and exercise vehicle simulations with conventional and advanced powertrains.
Chambon, Paul H [ORNL; Huff, Shean P [ORNL; Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL; Norman, Kevin M [ORNL; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL; Thomas, John F [ORNL
Analysisi Benchmark of the Single Heater Test
The Single Heater Test (SHT) is the first of three in-situ thermal tests included in the site characterization program for the potential nuclear waste monitored geologic repository at Yucca Mountain. The heating phase of the SHT started in August 1996 and was concluded in May 1997 after 9 months of heating. Cooling continued until January 1998, at which time post-test characterization of the test block commenced. Numerous thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical sensors monitored the coupled processes in the unsaturated fractured rock mass around the heater (CRWMS M&O 1999). The objective of this calculation is to benchmark a numerical simulation of the rock mass thermal behavior against the extensive data set that is available from the thermal test. The scope is limited to three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations of the computational domain of the Single Heater Test and surrounding rock mass. This calculation supports the waste package thermal design methodology, and is developed by Waste Package Department (WPD) under Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 0, ICN 3, BSCN 1, Calculations.
H.M. Wade; H. Marr; M.J. Anderson
source energy, or electrical power. DCIE site = IT sitesource energy use DCIE elecpower = IT electrical power /Total electrical power Note that the data center energy use
return temperature index (RTI) is ideal at 100% wherein theleaving the IT equipment. RTI is also a measure of theto the server equipment. An RTI value of 100% is ideal. An
A Moist Benchmark Calculation for Atmospheric General Circulation Models
A benchmark calculation is designed to compare the climate and climate sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The experimental setup basically follows that of the aquaplanet experiment (APE) proposed by Neale and Hoskins, ...
Myong-In Lee; Max J. Suarez; In-Sik Kang; Isaac M. Held; Daehyun Kim
Benchmarking of OEM Hybrid Electric Vehicles at NREL: Milestone Report
A milestone report that describes the NREL's progress and activities related to the DOE FY2001 Annual Operating Plan milestone entitled ''Benchmark 2 new production or pre-production hybrids with ADVISOR.''
Kelly, K. J.; Rajagopalan, A.
A benchmark study on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids
This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or �nanofluids,� was ...
Buongiorno, Jacopo
Benchmarking Optimization Software with COPS 3.0
May 11, 2004 ... Benchmarking Optimization Software with COPS 3.0. Elizabeth D. Dolan (dolan * **at*** cs.unc.edu) Jorge J. More' (more ***at*** mcs.anl.gov)
Jul 23, 2001 ... The codes were run on a standard platform and on all the benchmark problems provided by the organizers of the challenge. A total of ten codes�...
The Extreme Benchmark Suite: Measuring High-Performance Embedded Systems
The Extreme Benchmark Suite (XBS) is designed to support performance measurement of highly parallel �extreme � processors, many of which are designed to replace custom hardware implementations. XBS is designed to avoid many of the problems that occur when using existing benchmark suites with nonstandard and experimental architectures. In particular, XBS is intended to provide a fair comparison of a wide range of architectures, from general-purpose processors to hard-wired ASIC implementations. XBS has a clean modular structure to reduce porting effort, and is designed to be usable with slow cycle-accurate simulators. This work presents the motivation for the creation of XBS and describes in detail the XBS framework. Several benchmarks implemented with this framework are discussed, and these benchmarks are used to compare a standard platform, an experimental architecture, and custom
Steven Gerding; Krste Asanovi?
Towards Systematic Benchmarking in Answer Set Programming: The Dagstuhl Initiative
for di#erent designs of a benchmarking and testing environment for ASP, we used the systems competition at the Dagstuhl Seminar. The following answer set programming systems participated in that initial competition. -- aspps, University of Kentucky, -- assat, UST Hong Kong, -- cmodels, University of Texas, -- dlv, Technical University of Vienna, -- smodels, Technical University of Helsinki. # A#liated with the School of Computing Science at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. The di#culty that emerged right away was that these systems do not have a common input language nor do they agree on all functionalities. This led to the introduction of three di#erent (major) categories of benchmarks: Ground: Ground instances of coded benchmarks. As of now, these ground instances are produced by lparse or by the dlv grounder. These benchmarks can be used to test the performance of ASP solvers accepting as input ground (propositional) programs in output formats of lparse or the dlv
Paul Borchert; Christian Anger; Torsten Schaub; Miroslaw Truszczynski
A Benchmark Simulation for Moist Nonhydrostatic Numerical Models
A benchmark solution that facilitates testing the accuracy, efficiency, and efficacy of moist nonhydrostatic numerical model formulations and assumptions is presented. The solution is created from a special configuration of moist model processes ...
George H. Bryan; J. Michael Fritsch
Benchmarking the Mean Streets of NYC and Beyond
Benchmarking the Mean Streets of NYC and Beyond Speaker(s): Conor Laver Date: September 30, 2013 - 12:00pm - 1:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Louis-Benoit...
Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 2009
The Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America's multi-year energy savings goals without chasing a 'moving target.'
Hendron, R.; Engebrecht, C.
The Extreme Benchmark Suite : measuring high-performance embedded systems
The Extreme Benchmark Suite (XBS) is designed to support performance measurement of highly parallel "extreme" processors, many of which are designed to replace custom hardware implementations. XBS is designed to avoid many ...
Gerding, Steven (Steven Bradley)
Spread narrows between Brent and WTI crude oil benchmark prices ...
Spot prices for benchmarks West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and North Sea Brent crude oil neared parity of around $109 per barrel July 19, and the Brent-WTI spread was ...
Implementing the Data Center Energy Productivity Metric
As data centers proliferate in both size and number, their energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important. We discuss the properties of a number of the proposed metrics of energy efficiency and productivity. In particular, we focus on the Data Center Energy Productivity (DCeP) metric, which is the ratio of useful work produced by the data center to the energy consumed performing that work. We describe our approach for using DCeP as the principal outcome of a designed experiment using a highly instrumented, high performance computing data center. We found that DCeP was successful in clearly distinguishing between different operational states in the data center, thereby validating its utility as a metric for identifying configurations of hardware and software that would improve (or even maximize) energy productivity. We also discuss some of the challenges and benefits associated with implementing the DCeP metric, and we examine the efficacy of the metric in making comparisons within a data center and among data centers.
Sego, Landon H.; Marquez, Andres; Rawson, Andrew; Cader, Tahir; Fox, Kevin M.; Gustafson, William I.; Mundy, Christopher J.
Evolving e-government benchmarking to better cover technology development and emerging societal needs
Many international e-government benchmarks seek to measure progress towards various versions of a digital society, and in this endeavor include a component of e-government. But because comparable international e-government data are scarce, most reports ... Keywords: United Nations, benchmarking framework, benchmarking tools, benchmarking trends, e-government, technology trends
Kim Andreasson; Jeremy Millard; Mikael Snaprud
Benchmark Evaluation of the NRAD Reactor LEU Core Startup Measurements
The Neutron Radiography (NRAD) reactor is a 250-kW TRIGA-(Training, Research, Isotope Production, General Atomics)-conversion-type reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory; it is primarily used for neutron radiography analysis of irradiated and unirradiated fuels and materials. The NRAD reactor was converted from HEU to LEU fuel with 60 fuel elements and brought critical on March 31, 2010. This configuration of the NRAD reactor has been evaluated as an acceptable benchmark experiment and is available in the 2011 editions of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook) and the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook). Significant effort went into precisely characterizing all aspects of the reactor core dimensions and material properties; detailed analyses of reactor parameters minimized experimental uncertainties. The largest contributors to the total benchmark uncertainty were the 234U, 236U, Er, and Hf content in the fuel; the manganese content in the stainless steel cladding; and the unknown level of water saturation in the graphite reflector blocks. A simplified benchmark model of the NRAD reactor was prepared with a keff of 1.0012 {+-} 0.0029 (1s). Monte Carlo calculations with MCNP5 and KENO-VI and various neutron cross section libraries were performed and compared with the benchmark eigenvalue for the 60-fuel-element core configuration; all calculated eigenvalues are between 0.3 and 0.8% greater than the benchmark value. Benchmark evaluations of the NRAD reactor are beneficial in understanding biases and uncertainties affecting criticality safety analyses of storage, handling, or transportation applications with LEU-Er-Zr-H fuel.
J. D. Bess; T. L. Maddock; M. A. Marshall
SIMULATE-E benchmarking of pilgrim nuclear power station
The CASMO-SIMULATE-E methodology is bench-marked to qualify its ability to determine power distributions and critical eigenvalues, k/sub eff/. Once the biases and uncertainties in this methodology are quantified, CASMO/SIMULATE-E will be utilized to generate reload fuel patterns and control rod sequences, and to provide operational support for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS). Only the results of the hot SIMULATE-E benchmarking are presented here.
DeWitt, G.L.; Hu, L.C.; Antonopoulos, P.T.
Corrective Actions Process
Stewardship Environmental Cleanup Corrective Actions Corrective Actions Process The general process for evaluating and remediating potential release sites is called...
Projective Space Codes for the Injection Metric
In the context of error control in random linear network coding, it is useful to construct codes that comprise well-separated collections of subspaces of a vector space over a finite field. In this paper, the metric used is the so-called "injection distance", introduced by Silva and Kschischang. A Gilbert-Varshamov bound for such codes is derived. Using the code-construction framework of Etzion and Silberstein, new non-constant-dimension codes are constructed; these codes contain more codewords than comparable codes designed for the subspace metric.
Khaleghi, Azadeh
Discussion for Metrics and Benefits Data Collection
Metrics and Benefits Analysis for Metrics and Benefits Analysis for the ARRA Smart Grid Programs Joe Paladino Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy OE Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting March 10, 2011 140 ARRA-Funded Smart Grid Projects 1 Customer Systems Customer Systems Customer Systems Customer Systems SGIG/SGDP/RDSI Areas of Smart Grid Technology Deployment Customer Systems Advance Metering Infrastructure Electric Distribution Systems Electric Transmission Systems * Displays * Portals * Energy management * Direct load controls * Smart meters * Data management * Back office integration * Switches * Feeder optimization * Equipment monitoring * Energy Storage * Wide area monitoring and visualization * Synchrophasor Technology * Energy Storage Customer Systems Equipment Manufacturing
Benchmarking Heavy Ion Transport Codes FLUKA, HETC-HEDS MARS15, MCNPX, and PHITS
Powerful accelerators such as spallation neutron sources, muon-collider/neutrino facilities, and rare isotope beam facilities must be designed with the consideration that they handle the beam power reliably and safely, and they must be optimized to yield maximum performance relative to their design requirements. The simulation codes used for design purposes must produce reliable results. If not, component and facility designs can become costly, have limited lifetime and usefulness, and could even be unsafe. The objective of this proposal is to assess the performance of the currently available codes ��? PHITS, FLUKA, MARS15, MCNPX, and HETC-HEDS ��? that could be used for design simulations involving heavy ion transport. We plan to access their performance by performing simulations and comparing results against experimental data of benchmark quality. Quantitative knowledge of the biases and the uncertainties of the simulations is essential as this potentially impacts the safe, reliable and cost effective design of any future radioactive ion beam facility. Further benchmarking of heavy-ion transport codes was one of the actions recommended in the ��?Report of the 2003 RIA R&D Workshop".
Ronningen, Reginald Martin [Michigan State University; Remec, Igor [Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Heilbronn, Lawrence H. [University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Performance Metrics Research Project - Final Report
NREL began work for DOE on this project to standardize the measurement and characterization of building energy performance. NREL's primary research objectives were to determine which performance metrics have greatest value for determining energy performance and to develop standard definitions and methods of measuring and reporting that performance.
Deru, M.; Torcellini, P.
Clean Cities 2011 Annual Metrics Report
This report details the petroleum savings and vehicle emissions reductions achieved by the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities program in 2011. The report also details other performance metrics, including the number of stakeholders in Clean Cities coalitions, outreach activities by coalitions and national laboratories, and alternative fuel vehicles deployed.
Clean Cities 2010 Annual Metrics Report
This report details the petroleum savings and vehicle emissions reductions achieved by the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities program in 2010. The report also details other performance metrics, including the number of stakeholders in Clean Cities coalitions, outreach activities by coalitions and national laboratories, and alternative fuel vehicles deployed.
Improving AMBER, an MT evaluation metric
A recent paper described a new machine translation evaluation metric, AMBER. This paper describes two changes to AMBER. The first one is incorporation of a new ordering penalty; the second one is the use of the downhill simplex algorithm to tune the ...
Boxing Chen; Roland Kuhn; George Foster
Cohesion and coupling metrics for ontology modules
In recent years, an increasing number of ontologies and semantic web applications have been developed and used. A conscious effort has been made to develop methods to modularize ontologies. These methods contribute to building a new ontology. However, ... Keywords: Cohesion, Coupling, Metrics, Modularity, Ontology
Sunju Oh; Heon Y. Yeom; Joongho Ahn
APC: a performance metric of memory systems
Due to the infamous "memory wall" problem and a drastic increase in the number of data intensive applications, memory rather than processor has become the leading performance bottleneck of modern computing systems. Evaluating and understanding memory ... Keywords: measurement methodology, memory metric, memory performance measurement
Xian-He Sun; Dawei Wang
The Role of Benchmarking in Promoting Strong Energy Management Systems
The significance of formalized energy management practices and programs in driving and sustaining energy efficiency improvements within the industrial sector has become more widely recognized over the past several years. The release of the ISO 50001 energy management standard will also further elevate the role of energy management systems. For over the past 10 years, the US EPA's ENERGY STAR Commercial and Industrial program have focused on promoting and supporting the development of strong corporate management programs. A key aspect of facilitating the establishment of energy management programs has been the development of benchmarking tools that help companies evaluate the energy performance and practices. This paper will examine some of the lessons learned in developing both quantitative and qualitative energy management benchmarking tools and the importance of establishing good energy performance indicators. The paper will examine the pros and cons of different types of quantitative energy performance benchmarks. The value of qualitative benchmarking tools to gauge management practices will also be discussed. Lastly, recommendations for how to further the development energy benchmarks shall be presented.
Tunnessen, W.
WMAP-Compliant Benchmark Surfaces for MSSM Higgs Bosons
We explore `benchmark surfaces' suitable for studying the phenomenology of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), which are chosen so that the supersymmetric relic density is generally compatible with the range of cold dark matter density preferred by WMAP and other observations. These benchmark surfaces are specified assuming that gaugino masses m_{1/2}, soft trilinear supersymmetry-breaking parameters A_0 and the soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions m_0 to the squark and slepton masses are universal, but not those associated with the Higgs multiplets (the NUHM framework). The benchmark surfaces may be presented as M_A-tan_beta planes with fixed or systematically varying values of the other NUHM parameters, such as m_0, m_{1/2}, A_0 and the Higgs mixing parameter mu. We discuss the prospects for probing experimentally these benchmark surfaces at the Tevatron collider, the LHC, the ILC, in B physics and in direct dark-matter detection experiments. An Appendix documents developments in the FeynHiggs code that enable the user to explore for her/himself the WMAP-compliant benchmark surfaces.
J. Ellis; T. Hahn; S. Heinemeyer; K. A. Olive; G. Weiglein
Numerical Consistency of Metric Terms in Terrain-Following Coordinates
In numerically integrating the equations of motion in terrain-following coordinates, care must be taken in treating the metric terms that arise due to the sloping coordinate surfaces. In particular, metric terms that appear in the advection and ...
Joseph B. Klemp; William C. Skamarock; Oliver Fuhrer
Performance Metrics for Soil Moisture Retrievals and Application Requirements
Quadratic performance metrics such as root-mean-square error (RMSE) and time series correlation are often used to assess the accuracy of geophysical retrievals (satellite measurements) with respect to true fields. These metrics are related; ...
Dara Entekhabi; Rolf H. Reichle; Randal D. Koster; Wade T. Crow
New Categorical Metrics for Air Quality Model Evaluation
Traditional categorical metrics used in model evaluations are �clear cut� measures in that the model�s ability to predict an �exceedance� is defined by a fixed threshold concentration and the metrics are defined by observation�forecast sets that ...
Daiwen Kang; Rohit Mathur; Kenneth Schere; Shaocai Yu; Brian Eder
Metrics: How to Improve Key Business Results, 1st edition
Metrics are a hot topic. Executive leadership, boards of directors, management, and customers are all asking for data-based decisions. As a result, many managers, professionals, and change agents are asked to develop metrics, but have no clear idea ...
Martin Klubeck
On the history of fourth order metric theories of gravitation
We present the history of fourth order metric theories of gravitation from its beginning in 1918 until 1988.
R. Schimming; H. -J. Schmidt
Financial Metrics Data Collection Protocol, Version 1.0
Brief description of data collection process and plan that will be used to collect financial metrics associated with sustainable design.
Fowler, Kimberly M.; Gorrissen, Willy J.; Wang, Na
2012 Proceedings of the Performance Metrics for Intelligent ...
Page 1. NIST Special Publication 1136 2012 Proceedings of the Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMI '12) Workshop ...
Multiple-code benchmark simulation study of coupled THMC processes in the excavation disturbed zone associated with geological nuclear waste repositories
MULTIPLE-CODE BENCHMARK SIMULATION STUDY OF COUPLED THMCinternational, multiple-code benchmark test (BMT) study isinternational, multiple-model benchmark test (BMT) study of
Criticality benchmark comparisons leading to cross-section upgrades
For several years criticality benchmark calculations with COG. COG is a point-wise Monte Carlo code developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It solves the Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutrons and photons. The principle consideration in developing COG was that the resulting calculation would be as accurate as the point-wise cross-sectional data, since no physics computational approximations were used. The objective of this paper is to report on COG results for criticality benchmark experiments in concert with MCNP comparisons which are resulting in corrections an upgrades to the point-wise ENDL cross-section data libraries. Benchmarking discrepancies reported here indicated difficulties in the Evaluated Nuclear Data Livermore (ENDL) cross-sections for U-238 at thermal neutron energy levels. This led to a re-evaluation and selection of the appropriate cross-section values from several cross-section sets available (ENDL, ENDF/B-V). Further cross-section upgrades anticipated.
Alesso, H.P.; Annese, C.E.; Heinrichs, D.P.; Lloyd, W.R.; Lent, E.M.
Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 15, 2006
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end-uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. Unlike the reference homes used for HERS, EnergyStar, and most energy codes, the Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America's multi-year energy savings goals without the complication of chasing a ''moving target''.
Hendron, R.
Robust Extraction of Tomographic Information via Randomized Benchmarking
We describe how randomized benchmarking can be used to reconstruct the unital part of any trace-preserving quantum map, which in turn is sufficient for the full characterization of any unitary evolution, or more generally, any unital trace-preserving evolution. This approach inherits randomized benchmarking's robustness to preparation and measurement imperfections, therefore avoiding systematic errors caused by these imperfections. We also extend these techniques to efficiently estimate the average fidelity of a quantum map to unitary maps outside of the Clifford group. The unitaries we consider include operations commonly used to achieve universal quantum computation in a fault-tolerant setting. In addition, we rigorously bound the time and sampling complexities of randomized benchmarking procedures.
Shelby Kimmel; Marcus P. da Silva; Colm A. Ryan; Blake R. Johnson; Thomas Ohki
VENUS-F: A fast lead critical core for benchmarking
The zero-power thermal neutron water-moderated facility VENUS at SCK-CEN has been extensively used for benchmarking in the past. In accordance with GEN-IV design tasks (fast reactor systems and accelerator driven systems), the VENUS facility was modified in 2007-2010 into the fast neutron facility VENUS-F with solid core components. This paper introduces the projects GUINEVERE and FREYA, which are being conducted at the VENUS-F facility, and it presents the measurement results obtained at the first critical core. Throughout the projects other fast lead benchmarks also will be investigated. The measurement results of the different configurations can all be used as fast neutron benchmarks. (authors)
Kochetkov, A.; Wagemans, J.; Vittiglio, G. [SCK.CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol (Belgium)
Current Reactor Physics Benchmark Activities at the Idaho National Laboratory
The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [1] and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) [2] were established to preserve integral reactor physics and criticality experiment data for present and future research. These valuable assets provide the basis for recording, developing, and validating our integral nuclear data, and experimental and computational methods. These projects are managed through the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA). Staff and students at the Department of Energy - Idaho (DOE-ID) and INL are engaged in the development of benchmarks to support ongoing research activities. These benchmarks include reactors or assemblies that support Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) research, space nuclear Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) design validation, and currently operational facilities in Southeastern Idaho.
John D. Bess; Margaret A. Marshall; Mackenzie L. Gorham; Joseph Christensen; James C. Turnbull; Kim Clark
Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 29, 2004
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Residential Buildings Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end-uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. A series of user profiles, intended to represent the behavior of a ''standard'' set of occupants, was created for use in conjunction with the Benchmark.
Benchmarking Variable Cost Performance in an Industrial Power Plant
One of the most perplexing problems for industrial power plants committed to improving competitiveness is measuring variable cost performance over time. Because variable costs like fuel and electricity represent the overwhelming majority of power plant expenses, it is imperative to develop and deploy a tool that can help plants benchmark operating performance. This paper introduces a benchmarking methodology designed to meet this need. The "Energy Conversion Index" (ECI) ratios the "value" of utilities exported from the power plant to the actual cost of the fuel and electricity required to produce them, generating a single number or "index." Variable cost performance is benchmarked by comparing the index from one period of time to the index of another comparable period of time. Savings (or costs) attributable to excellent (or poor) performance can easily be calculated by using the former period's index to project the current period's cost.
Kane, J. F.; Bailey, W. F.
Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse
Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating Scheme Speaker(s): Paul Bannister Date: August 21, 2006 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Stephen Selkowitz (Two topics): Benchmarking Building Performance: In a variety of voluntary and regulatory initiatives around the globe, including the introduction of the European Building Performance Directive, the question of how to assess the performance of commercial buildings has become a critical issue. There are presently a number of initiatives for the assessment of actual building performance internationally, including in particular US Energy Star Buildings rating tools and the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating scheme. These schemes seek to assess building energy performance on the
Energy Information Services to Energy Information Services to Benchmark with ENERGY STAR ® Tracking Building Energy Performance Tracking a building's energy performance provides a building owner or manager with critical knowledge to make improvements to the building's operations and reduce energy consumption. Energy information services offer a variety of ways to help companies obtain and organize this valuable energy information. Energy information service providers that have partnered with ENERGY STAR offer an additional tool to assess the energy performance of buildings: automated benchmarking. ENERGY STAR is the national symbol for saving the environment through energy efficiency, recognized by more than 65 percent of the American public. Automated benchmarking allows energy information service providers to provide their customers with ENERGY STAR
The Universal Connection and Metrics on Moduli Spaces
We introduce a class of metrics on gauge theoretic moduli spaces. These metrics are made out of the universal matrix that appears in the universal connection construction of M. S. Narasimhan and S. Ramanan. As an example we construct metrics on the c_{2}=1 SU(2) moduli space of instantons on R^4 for various universal matrices.
Fortune Massamba; George Thompson
Tangent spaces to metric spaces and to their subspaces
We investigate a tangent space at a point of a general metric space and metric space valued derivatives. The conditions under which two different subspace of a metric space have isometric tangent spaces in a common point of these subspaces are completely determinated.
Dovgoshey, O
Interest in high-quality integral benchmark data is increasing as efforts to quantify and reduce calculational uncertainties accelerate to meet the demands of next generation reactor and advanced fuel cycle concepts. The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) continue to expand their efforts and broaden their scope to identify, evaluate, and provide integral benchmark data for method and data validation. Benchmark model specifications provided by these two projects are used heavily by the international reactor physics, nuclear data, and criticality safety communities. Thus far, 14 countries have contributed to the IRPhEP, and 20 have contributed to the ICSBEP. The status of the IRPhEP and ICSBEP is discussed in this paper, and the future of the two projects is outlined and discussed. Selected benchmarks that have been added to the IRPhEP and ICSBEP handbooks since PHYSOR�06 are highlighted, and the future of the two projects is discussed.
J. Blair Briggs; Lori Scott; Enrico Sartori; Yolanda Rugama
ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 2: Benchmarking | ENERGY STAR
2: Benchmarking 2: Benchmarking Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder Technical documentation
Shear Strength Measurement Benchmarking Tests for K Basin Sludge Simulants
Equipment development and demonstration testing for sludge retrieval is being conducted by the K Basin Sludge Treatment Project (STP) at the MASF (Maintenance and Storage Facility) using sludge simulants. In testing performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (under contract with the CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company), the performance of the Geovane instrument was successfully benchmarked against the M5 Haake rheometer using a series of simulants with shear strengths (?) ranging from about 700 to 22,000 Pa (shaft corrected). Operating steps for obtaining consistent shear strength measurements with the Geovane instrument during the benchmark testing were refined and documented.
Burns, Carolyn A.; Daniel, Richard C.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Luna, Maria; Schmidt, Andrew J.
Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities | ENERGY STAR
Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Use Benchmarking Guidance Use Benchmarking Guidance Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
1 Annual 1 Annual Metrics Report Caley Johnson National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-7A30-56091 December 2012 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Clean Cities 2011 Annual Metrics Report Caley Johnson Prepared under Task No. VTP2.0020 Technical Report NREL/TP-7A30-56091 December 2012 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,
0 Annual 0 Annual Metrics Report Caley Johnson Technical Report NREL/TP-7A30-52714 October 2012 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Clean Cities 2010 Annual Metrics Report Caley Johnson Prepared under Task No. VTP.20020 Technical Report NREL/TP-7A30-52714 October 2012 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Design Methodology for Development of Behavioral Synthesis Generic and Synthetic Benchmarks
The importance of benchmarking as an essential methodology in evaluating and comparing digital systems synthesis tools is well established. Equally well are the limitations of the majority of current benchmarks recognized. Our primary goal is to lay out the theoretically and statistically sound foundations for addressing the key issues related to the selection of generic benchmarks and the synthesis and analysis of statistical synthetic benchmarks. The methodology for the synthetic benchmark generation uses as an intermediate step the methodology for the generic benchmark selection. The benefits of our methodology for the generic benchmark selection are: (1) it provides the sound statistical foundations for the generic benchmark selection, (2) it establishes the fact that the development of a generic benchmark is a well-defined optimization problem. The advantages of the statistical synthetic benchmarks over the generic benchmarks include: (1) having an unlimited supply of synthetic design examples, (2) obtaining the real-life like design examples which suit a particular design or analysis need, (3) having a test set which better fits all available real-life design examples. Due to the fact that the synthetic benchmark generation is based on the generic benchmark selection, the entire process of the generic and synthetic benchmark development is in sequence. It consists of the following five-stages: (1) collecting and analyzing real life design examples, (2) extracting and selecting the relevant properties that are used to specify designs, (3) deriving a generic benchmark set from the real life design examples, (4) developing the synthetic benchmark generator, and (5) constructing a synthetic benchmark set for the current applications or the future applications based ...
Hm Ar Ks
Transmission System Reliability Performance Metrics Requirements
Transmission availability has become the significant indicator of overall transmission system operational health, due to increased utilization of the transmission system, growth of deregulated energy wholesale markets, and decreased investment in new transmission assets. Availability trends reflect the increasing dependence upon transmission assets from a technical and market perspective. Presently availability metrics lack comparability due to the non-standardization of underlying data collection method...
On the Metric of Space-time
Maxwell's equations are obeyed in a one-parameter group of isotropic gravity-free flat space-times whose metric depends upon the value of the group parameter. An experimental determination of this value has been proposed. If it is zero, the metric is Minkowski's. If it is non-zero, the metric is not Poincare invariant and local frequencies of electromagnetic waves change as they propagate. If the group parameter is positive, velocity independent red shifts develop and the group parameter plays a role similar to that of Hubble's constant in determining the relation of these redshifts to propagation distance. In the resulting space-times, the velocity dependence of Doppler shifts is a function of propagation distance. If the group parameter and Hubble's constant have the same order of magnitude, observed frequency shifts in radiation received from stellar sources can imply source velocities quite different from those implied in Minkowski space. In these space-times, electromagnetic waves received from bodies in galactic Kepler orbits undergo frequency shifts which are indistinguishable from shifts currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy in Minkowski space, or to a non-Newtonian physics.
Carl E. Wulfman
Knowledge Benchmarks in Adversarial Mechanism Design and Implementation in Surviving Strategies (Part I)
We put forward new benchmarks and solution concepts for Adversarial Mechanism Design, as defined by [MV07.a], and we exemplify them in the case of truly combinatorial auctions.We benchmark the combined performance (the sum ...
Chen, Jing
Knowledge Benchmarks in Adversarial Mechanism Design (Part I) and Implementation in Surviving Strategies (Part I)
Longwave 3D Benchmarks for Inhomogeneous Clouds and Comparisons with Approximate Methods
The purpose of this study is twofold: to (i) establish three-dimensional (3D) longwave radiative transfer benchmarks for inhomogeneous cloud fields and (ii) compare the results with three approximate, 1D methods. The benchmark results are ...
George P. Kablick III; Robert G. Ellingson; Ezra E. Takara; Jlujing Gu
A mixed transaction processing and operational reporting benchmark
The importance of reporting is ever increasing in today's fast-paced market environments and the availability of up-to-date information for reporting has become indispensable. Current reporting systems are separated from the online transaction processing ... Keywords: Benchmarking, Mixed workload, OLTP, Operational reporting
Anja Bog; Hasso Plattner; Alexander Zeier
Complex version of high performance computing LINPACK benchmark (HPL)
This paper describes our effort to enhance the performance of the AORSA fusion energy simulation program through the use of high-performance LINPACK (HPL) benchmark, commonly used in ranking the top 500 supercomputers. The algorithm used by HPL, enhanced ... Keywords: HPL, parallel dense solver
R. F. Barrett; T. H. F. Chan; E. F. D'Azevedo; E. F. Jaeger; K. Wong; R. Y. Wong
Benchmarking telecoms regulation - The Telecommunications Regulatory Governance Index (TRGI)
In this study an index of the effectiveness of the institutional design of telecommunication regulators for 142 countries that belong to the International Telecommunications Union is produced. This index - the Telecommunications Regulatory Governance ... Keywords: Benchmarking, Country-wide governance, Telecoms regulation
Leonard Waverman; Pantelis Koutroumpis
Air Ingress Benchmarking with Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Temperature Reactor Technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Friendship Hotel, Haidian by a CFD benchmarking program based on experimental work performed by JAERI (Japanese Atomic Energy Energy Research Institute) had been set up to study the ingress of air into the core as a result
A significant experimental program was conducted in the early Hanford reactors to understand the reactor production of actinides. These experiments were conducted with sufficient rigor, in some cases, to provide useful information that can be utilized today in development of benchmark experiments that may be used for the validation of present computer codes for the production of these actinides in low enriched uranium fuel.
Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 19, 2008
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams.
Roberts: Reconfigurable Platform for Benchmarking Real-time Systems
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London, UK p-time properties and energy consumption. The benchmarking takes into account system workload and environmental-test, and with support for on-line monitoring of the response time, output values and energy consumption. The proposed
Luk, Wayne
Terry Sharp, P.E. Building Performance Benchmarking
Terry Sharp, P.E. Building Performance Benchmarking 3rd U.S. Army Energy Workshop January 25-26, 2007 EPA Energy Star Program and Energy Data Normalization Oak Ridge National Laboratory #12;Why You Should Care · Energy Star tools enable you to take Strategic Energy Management to a new level · Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Steam Generator Automated Eddy Current Data Analysis: A Benchmarking Study
This benchmarking study informs utility nondestructive evaluation (NDE) engineers of the status of automating analysis of data from steam generator tube eddy current testing. Study results will contribute to a detailed plan for continuing development of automated data analysis system processes. One day, automated data analysis will provide utilities with a consistent, accurate, and cost-effective method of analyzing eddy current inspection data.
Technology Management Benchmark Study - Phase 2: Volume 2 - Detailed Report
EPRI and eleven U.S. domestic power companies participated in a benchmark study of the most successful technology management practices of leading non-utility companies. This report contains the detailed findings of the Technology Management Best Practices Study -- Phase 2 conducted from July 2001 to May 2002.
Benchmark Data Through The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPHEP)
The International Reactor Physics Experiments Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was initiated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency�s (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) in June of 2002. The IRPhEP focus is on the derivation of internationally peer reviewed benchmark models for several types of integral measurements, in addition to the critical configuration. While the benchmarks produced by the IRPhEP are of primary interest to the Reactor Physics Community, many of the benchmarks can be of significant value to the Criticality Safety and Nuclear Data Communities. Benchmarks that support the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), for example, also support fuel manufacture, handling, transportation, and storage activities and could challenge current analytical methods. The IRPhEP is patterned after the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and is closely coordinated with the ICSBEP. This paper highlights the benchmarks that are currently being prepared by the IRPhEP that are also of interest to the Criticality Safety Community. The different types of measurements and associated benchmarks that can be expected in the first publication and beyond are described. The protocol for inclusion of IRPhEP benchmarks as ICSBEP benchmarks and for inclusion of ICSBEP benchmarks as IRPhEP benchmarks is detailed. The format for IRPhEP benchmark evaluations is described as an extension of the ICSBEP format. Benchmarks produced by the IRPhEP add new dimension to criticality safety benchmarking efforts and expand the collection of available integral benchmarks for nuclear data testing. The first publication of the "International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments" is scheduled for January of 2006.
J. Blair Briggs; Dr. Enrico Sartori
Action Plan Agricultural Sciences
lines, and becoming an international benchmark in some of them. Incentives will be given to those (elimination of wastes genera- ted by society, decontamination of soils, clean agriculture, etc change, energy or water). Institutes and Centres that comprise the Area The Area comprises a total of 17
Fitze, Patrick
Windows and Linux Robustness Benchmarks With Respect to Application Erroneous Behavior
Windows and Linux Robustness Benchmarks With Respect to Application Erroneous Behavior Karama of benchmark results obtained for various versions of Windows and Linux operating systems. The benchmark, Karama Kanoun et Lisa Spainhower (Ed.) (2008) 227-254" #12;Kanoun et al. Windows and Linux Robustness
The GreenIT DC-benchmarking tool: from scientific theory to real life
Energy efficiency is one of the topics in achieving the goal of reducing the CO2 output in the next years. Data centers (DC) are big polluters. GreenIT DC-Benchmarking is the first neutral benchmarking tool that shows the specific energy and ... Keywords: data center benchmarking, energy consumption, energy efficiency & monitoring, key performance indicator, power usage effectiveness (PUE)
Ywes Israel; Thomas Leitert
Benchmarking DAML+OIL Repositories Yuanbo Guo, Jeff Heflin, and Zhengxiang Pan
Benchmarking DAML+OIL Repositories Yuanbo Guo, Jeff Heflin, and Zhengxiang Pan Department, heflin, email@example.com Abstract. We present a benchmark that facilitates the evaluation of DAML+OIL repositories in a standard and systematic way. This benchmark is intended to evaluate the performance of DAML+OIL
Heflin, Jeff
Uranium Leasing Program: Lease Tract Metrics
The Atomic Energy Act and other legislative actions authorized the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), predecessor agency to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), to withdraw lands from the public...
Measurable Control System Security through Ideal Driven Technical Metrics
The Department of Homeland Security National Cyber Security Division supported development of a small set of security ideals as a framework to establish measurable control systems security. Based on these ideals, a draft set of proposed technical metrics was developed to allow control systems owner-operators to track improvements or degradations in their individual control systems security posture. The technical metrics development effort included review and evaluation of over thirty metrics-related documents. On the bases of complexity, ambiguity, or misleading and distorting effects the metrics identified during the reviews were determined to be weaker than necessary to aid defense against the myriad threats posed by cyber-terrorism to human safety, as well as to economic prosperity. Using the results of our metrics review and the set of security ideals as a starting point for metrics development, we identified thirteen potential technical metrics - with at least one metric supporting each ideal. Two case study applications of the ideals and thirteen metrics to control systems were then performed to establish potential difficulties in applying both the ideals and the metrics. The case studies resulted in no changes to the ideals, and only a few deletions and refinements to the thirteen potential metrics. This led to a final proposed set of ten core technical metrics. To further validate the security ideals, the modifications made to the original thirteen potential metrics, and the final proposed set of ten core metrics, seven separate control systems security assessments performed over the past three years were reviewed for findings and recommended mitigations. These findings and mitigations were then mapped to the security ideals and metrics to assess gaps in their coverage. The mappings indicated that there are no gaps in the security ideals and that the ten core technical metrics provide significant coverage of standard security issues with 87% coverage. Based on the two case studies and evaluation of the seven assessments, the security ideals demonstrated their value in guiding security thinking. Further, the final set of core technical metrics has been demonstrated to be both usable in the control system environment and provide significant coverage of standard security issues.
Miles McQueen; Wayne Boyer; Sean McBride; Marie Farrar; Zachary Tudor
Performance Metrics and Budget Division (HC-51) | Department of Energy
Performance Metrics and Budget Division (HC-51) Performance Metrics and Budget Division (HC-51) Performance Metrics and Budget Division (HC-51) MISSION: The mission of the Performance Metrics and Budget Division (HC-51) is to support the effective and efficient implementation of the Department of Energy's human capital initiatives and functions through the strategic integration of corporate human capital performance metrics and the budget of the Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer (HC). FUNCTIONS: Human capital performance measurement and strategic functions at the DOE and interagency levels include: Provides analytical support and strategic advice to internal and external HC stakeholders on the appropriate and effective use of performance metrics as a key to effective strategic human capital management.
The growing investment by governments and electric utilities in energy efficiency programs highlights the need for simple tools to help assess and explain the size of the potential resource. One technique that is commonly used in this effort is to characterize electricity savings in terms of avoided power plants, because it is easier for people to visualize a power plant than it is to understand an abstraction such as billions of kilowatt-hours. Unfortunately, there is no standardization around the characteristics of such power plants. In this letter we define parameters for a standard avoided power plant that have physical meaning and intuitive plausibility, for use in back-of-the-envelope calculations. For the prototypical plant this article settles on a 500 MW existing coal plant operating at a 70percent capacity factor with 7percent T&D losses. Displacing such a plant for one year would save 3 billion kW h per year at the meter and reduce emissions by 3 million metric tons of CO2 per year. The proposed name for this metric is the Rosenfeld, in keeping with the tradition among scientists of naming units in honor of the person most responsible for the discovery and widespread adoption of the underlying scientific principle in question--Dr. Arthur H. Rosenfeld.
Brown, Marilyn; Akbari, Hashem; Blumstein, Carl; Koomey, Jonathan; Brown, Richard; Calwell, Chris; Carter, Sheryl; Cavanagh, Ralph; Chang, Audrey; Claridge, David; Craig, Paul; Diamond, Rick; Eto, Joseph H.; Fulkerson, William; Gadgil, Ashok; Geller, Howard; Goldemberg, Jose; Goldman, Chuck; Goldstein, David B.; Greenberg, Steve; Hafemeister, David; Harris, Jeff; Harvey, Hal; Heitz, Eric; Hirst, Eric; Hummel, Holmes; Kammen, Dan; Kelly, Henry; Laitner, Skip; Levine, Mark; Lovins, Amory; Masters, Gil; McMahon, James E.; Meier, Alan; Messenger, Michael; Millhone, John; Mills, Evan; Nadel, Steve; Nordman, Bruce; Price, Lynn; Romm, Joe; Ross, Marc; Rufo, Michael; Sathaye, Jayant; Schipper, Lee; Schneider, Stephen H; Sweeney, James L; Verdict, Malcolm; Vorsatz, Diana; Wang, Devra; Weinberg, Carl; Wilk, Richard; Wilson, John; Worrell, Ernst
DOE Uranium Leasing Program - Lease Tract Metrics
Uranium Leasing Program -- Lease Tract Metrics Uranium Leasing Program -- Lease Tract Metrics Lease Tract Lessee Lease Date Bid (%) Reclamation Bond a Total Acres Acres Excluded b Comment C-JD-5 Gold Eagle Mining, Inc. 04/30/08 12.00 37,000 150.71 C-JD-5A Golden Eagle Uranium, LLC 06/27/08 20.10 5,000 24.54 C-JD-6 Cotter Corporation 04/30/08 14.20 19,000 530.08 C-JD-7 c Cotter Corporation 04/30/08 27.30 1,206,000 493.01 C-JD-8 Cotter Corporation 04/30/08 36.20 4,000 954.62 C-JD-8A No bids received - remains inactive N/A N/A N/A 77.91 C-JD-9 Cotter Corporation 04/30/08 24.30 72,000 1,036.50 C-SR-10 Golden Eagle Uranium, LLC 06/27/08 13.10 5,000 637.64 C-SR-11 Cotter Corporation 04/30/08 11.67 43,000 1,303.22 200.25 Summit Canyon area excluded from lease tract C-SR-11A Golden Eagle Uranium, LLC 06/27/08 14.30 5,000 1,296.81 C-SR-12 Colorado Plateau Partners 06/27/08
EM Corporate Performance Metrics, Complex Level
Complex Level Complex Level July, 2013 Performance Measure Unit Lifecycle Total Estimate Pre-2013 Lifecycle Values 2013 Target 2014 Target Pu packaged for long-term disposition Number of Containers 5,089 5,089 5,089 5,089 eU packaged for disposition Number of Containers 8,198 8,016 8,016 8,016 Pu/U residues packaged for disposition Kilograms of Bulk 107,828 107,828 107,828 107,828 DU & U packaged for disposition Metric Tons 736,801 32,452 45,317 76,817 Liquid Waste eliminated Thousands of Gallons 91,907 5,340 6,260 6,812 Liquid Waste Tanks closed Number of Tanks 239 11 11 13 HLW packaged for disposition Number of Containers 24,183 3,802 4,077 4,283 SNF packaged for disposition Metric Tons of Heavy Metal 2,450 2,128 2,128 2,128
High-quality integral benchmark experiments have always been a priority for criticality safety. However, interest in integral benchmark data is increasing as efforts to quantify and reduce calculational uncertainties accelerate to meet the demands of future criticality safety needs to support next generation reactor and advanced fuel cycle concepts. The importance of drawing upon existing benchmark data is becoming more apparent because of dwindling availability of critical facilities worldwide and the high cost of performing new experiments. Integral benchmark data from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments and the International Handbook of Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments are widely used. Benchmark data have been added to these two handbooks since the last Nuclear Criticality Safety Division Topical Meeting in Knoxville, Tennessee (September 2005). This paper highlights these additions.
J. Blair Briggs; Lori Scott; Yolanda Rugama; Enrico Sartori
Non-perturbative scalar gauge-invariant metric fluctuations from the Ponce de Leon metric in the STM theory of gravity
We study our non-perturbative formalism to describe scalar gauge-invariant metric fluctuations by extending the Ponce de Leon metric.
Mariano Anabitarte; Mauricio Bellini
MITIGATION MITIGATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, NOTICE OF WETLAND INVOLVEMENT, AND FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC U.S. Department of Energy Golden Field Office 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 1.0 Introd uction 1 1.1 Purpose of the Mitigation Action Plan 1 1.2 Structure of the Mitigation Action Plan 2 2.0 Ambient Ai r Quality 3 2.1 Potential Impacts 3 2.2 Mitigation Measures 3 2.3 Metrics for Determining Success or Failure of the Mitigation Measures 4 2.4 Monitoring Techniques for Mitigation Measures 4 3.0 Truck Traffic 4 3.1 Potential Impacts 4 3.2 Mitigation Measures 4 3.3 Metrics for Determining Success or Failure of the Mitigation Measures 5 3.4 Monitoring Techniques for Mitigation Measures 5 4.0 Genetically Modified Yeasts 6 4.1 Potential Impacts 6 4.2 Mitigation Measures 6 4.3 Metrics for Determining
Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Energy Efficiency...
expanded to provide measurement guidelines and next steps for three additional metrics; Green Energy Coefficient (GEC), Energy Reuse Factor (ERF), and Carbon Usage Effectiveness...
Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Energy Efficiency The United States of America, European Union and Japan Reach Agreement on Guiding Principles for Data Center Energy...
NIST Offers US Interpretations of Recent SI (Metric) Changes
... It �Americanizes� the SI to cover correct US usage of metric units, such as the accepted spelling of �meter� and �liter.� In addition, the revised guide ...
... The 2008 edition of NIST Special Publications (SP) 330, The International System of Units (SI), cover correct US usage of metric units, such as the ...
Proposed Rules Would Allow Metric Only Labeling for Some ...
... the FPLA to allow manufacturers to label their products with US customary units (inch/pound/pint, etc.) and metric units (centimeter/kilogram/liter, etc ...
Grid Performance Metrics Using Model-less Algorithms Pete Sauer...
- Grid Performance Metrics Using Model-less Algorithms Pete Sauer and Alejandro D. Domnguez-Garca Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at...
Projections of Full-Fuel-Cycle Energy and Emissions Metrics
2012a. �Analysis & Projections - Models & Documentation. �Projections of Full-Fuel-Cycle Energy and Emissions MetricsGovernment purposes. Projections of Full-Fuel-Cycle Energy
Coughlin, Katie
Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Energy Efficiency, February 2, 2010 Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers...
Forecast error metrics for Navy inventory management performance .
??This research establishes metrics for determining overall Navy secondary inventory forecasting accuracy when compared to actual demands at the Naval Inventory Control Point (NAVICP). Specifically,� (more)
Jackson, Kenneth J.
Enterprise performance measurement system : metric design framework and tools
Existing metric selection methodologies and performance measurement frameworks provide practicing managers with good checklists and tools to evaluate and design their enterprise performance measurement systems (EPMS) and ...
Teo, Kai Siang
About nonlinear contractive conditions on cone metric spaces
In the present work we shall show that nonlinear contractive conditions on TVS-cone metric spaces can be reduced to nonlinear contractive conditions on usual metric spaces. Our results extend the results of Du (2010) [W.S. Du, A note on cone metric fixed point theory and its equivalence, Nonlinear Anal. 72 (2010), 2259-2261] and results of Abdeljawad and Rezapour [T. Abdeljawad, Sh. Rezapour, Some fixed point results in TVS-cone metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory (to appear 2012)].
Olaru, Ion
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: The Oil Security Metrics Model
Summary Full Title: The Oil Security Metrics Model: A Tool for Evaluating the Prospective Oil Security Benefits of DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Research and...
Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation
Type (sales unit) Type (sales unit) Energy Content Combustion (Btu/sales unit) Efficiency (%) Natural Gas (therm) 100,000 81.7 Natural Gas (cubic foot) 1,030 81.7 Distillate/No. 2 Oil (gallon) 138,700 84.6 Residual/No. 6 Oil (gallon) 149,700 86.1 Coal (ton) 27,000,000 87.6 Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation Benchmarking the fuel cost of steam generation ($/1000 lbs of steam) is an effective way to assess the efficiency of your steam system. This cost is dependent upon fuel type, unit fuel cost, boiler efficiency, feedwater temperature, and steam pressure. This calculation provides a good first approximation for the cost of generating steam and serves as a tracking device to allow for boiler performance monitoring. Table 1 shows the heat input required to produce one pound of saturated
Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings
Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings in India Speaker(s): Saket Sarraf Date: May 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Girish Ghatikar The Indian building sector has witnessed huge surge in interest in energy performance in the last decade. The 'intention' based codes like the national Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and green building rating systems such as Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED-India) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) have been the prime mechanisms to design and assess energy efficient buildings. However, they do not rate the 'achieved' energy performance of buildings over time or reward their performance through a continuous evaluation process.
Providing Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis Education through Benchmark Experiment Evaluation
One of the challenges that today's new workforce of nuclear criticality safety engineers face is the opportunity to provide assessment of nuclear systems and establish safety guidelines without having received significant experience or hands-on training prior to graduation. Participation in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and/or the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) provides students and young professionals the opportunity to gain experience and enhance critical engineering skills.
John D. Bess; J. Blair Briggs; David W. Nigg
Multipole Analysis of a Benchmark Data Set for Pion Photoproduction
We have fitted low- and medium-energy benchmark datasets employing methods used in the MAID/SAID and dynamical model analyses. Independent fits from the Mainz, RPI, Yerevan, and Kharkov groups have also been performed over the low-energy region. Results for the multipole amplitudes are compared in order to gauge the model-dependence of such fits, given identical data and a single method for error handling.
R. A. Arndt; I. Aznauryan; R. M. Davidson; D. Drechsel; O. Hanstein; S. S. Kamalov; A. S. Omelaenko; I. Strakovsky; L. Tiator; R. L. Workman; S. N. Yang
Snowmass Benchmark Points and Three-Loop Running
We present the full three-loop beta-functions for the MSSM generalised to include additional matter multiplets in 5, 10 representations of SU(5). We analyse in detail the effect of three-loop running on the sparticle spectrum for the MSSM Snowmass Benchmark Points. We also consider the effect on these spectra of additional matter multiplets (the semi-perturbative unification scenario).
I. Jack; D. R. T. Jones; A. F. Kord
Randomized benchmarking of atomic qubits in an optical lattice
We perform randomized benchmarking on neutral atomic quantum bits (qubits) confined in an optical lattice. Single qubit gates are implemented using microwaves, resulting in a measured error per randomized computational gate of 1.4(1) x 10^-4 that is dominated by the system T2 relaxation time. The results demonstrate the robustness of the system, and its viability for more advanced quantum information protocols.
S. Olmschenk; R. Chicireanu; K. D. Nelson; J. V. Porto
Optimal design and quantum benchmarks for coherent state amplifiers
We establish the ultimate quantum limits to the amplification of an unknown coherent state, both in the deterministic and probabilistic case, investigating the realistic scenario where the expected photon number is finite. In addition, we provide the benchmark that experimental realizations have to surpass in order to beat all classical amplification strategies and to demonstrate genuine quantum amplification. Our result guarantees that a successful demonstration is in principle possible for every finite value of the expected photon number.
Giulio Chiribella; Jinyu Xie
Benchmark calculations for electron collisions with zinc atoms
We present results from R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations for elastic scattering and electron impact excitation of Zn. The overall agreement between the predictions from two independent models, using either a semiempirical core potential or a recently developed B-spline approach with nonorthogonal orbitals, is very satisfactory. The latter method, however, yields particularly good agreement with the few existing experimental benchmark data for resonances at low incident energies.
Zatsarinny, Oleg; Bartschat, Klaus [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311 (United States)
Clean Critical Experiment Benchmarks for Plutonium Recycle in LWRs
Government laboratories and private industry in the U.S. and in other countries have carried out or initiated programs to study and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of recycling plutonium. The experimental measurements program provides benchmark neutronics data for use in assessing the accuracy of neutronics analysis methods for slightly enriched uranium lattices and for mixed oxide lattices. The lattice pitches were selected to provide configurations that were undermoderated, near optimum...
The benchmark of gutzwiller density functional theory in hydrogen systems
We propose an approximate form of the exchange-correlation energy functional for the Gutzwiller density functional theory. It satisfies certain physical constraints in both weak and strong electron correlation limits. We benchmark the Gutzwiller density functional approximation in the hydrogen systems, where the static correlation error is shown to be negligible. The good transferability is demonstrated by applications to the hydrogen molecule and some crystal structures.
Yao, Y.; Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Ho, Kai-Ming
SCAP In Action
1 1 © 2010 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 10-1863 Demos of Common SCAP Use Cases Charles Schmidt Bryan Worrell Dan Haynes Page 2 © 2010 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 10-1863 Documented SCAP Use Cases (from NIST SP 800-117) Security Configuration Verification SCAP-expressed benchmarks Requirements Traceability Standardized Security Enumerations Vulnerability Measurement Page 3 © 2010 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 10-1863 Common Use Cases For Today XCCDF OVAL OCIL CVE CCE CPE CVSS Benchmarks Incident Response Vulnerability Management
Preventive Action Number:
7 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 1 of 3 7 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 1 of 3 EOTA - Business Form Document Title: Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet Document Number: F-017 Rev 11_0414 Document Owner: Elizabeth Sousa Backup Owner: Melissa Otero Approver(s): Melissa Otero Parent Document: P-008, Corrective/Preventive Action Notify of Changes: EOTA Employees Referenced Document(s): N/A F-017 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 2 of 3 Revision History: Rev. Description of Change 08_0613 Initial Release 11_0414 Added problem statement to first block. F-017 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 3 of 3 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet Corrective Action Number: Source: Details/Problem Statement: Raised By: Raised Date: Target Date:
Benchmarking and Self-Assessment in the Wine Industry
Not all industrial facilities have the staff or theopportunity to perform a detailed audit of their operations. The lack ofknowledge of energy efficiency opportunities provides an importantbarrier to improving efficiency. Benchmarking programs in the U.S. andabroad have shown to improve knowledge of the energy performance ofindustrial facilities and buildings and to fuel energy managementpractices. Benchmarking provides a fair way to compare the energyintensity of plants, while accounting for structural differences (e.g.,the mix of products produced, climate conditions) between differentfacilities. In California, the winemaking industry is not only one of theeconomic pillars of the economy; it is also a large energy consumer, witha considerable potential for energy-efficiency improvement. LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory and Fetzer Vineyards developed the firstbenchmarking tool for the California wine industry called "BEST(Benchmarking and Energy and water Savings Tool) Winery". BEST Wineryenables a winery to compare its energy efficiency to a best practicereference winery. Besides overall performance, the tool enables the userto evaluate the impact of implementing efficiency measures. The toolfacilitates strategic planning of efficiency measures, based on theestimated impact of the measures, their costs and savings. The tool willraise awareness of current energy intensities and offer an efficient wayto evaluate the impact of future efficiency measures.
Galitsky, Christina; Radspieler, Anthony; Worrell, Ernst; Healy,Patrick; Zechiel, Susanne
MDAbench: A Tool for Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA
Designing component-based application that meets performance requirements remains a challenging problem, and usually requires a prototype to be constructed to benchmark performance. Building a custom benchmark suite is however costly and tedious. This demonstration illustrates an approach for generating customized component-based benchmark applications using a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. All the platform related plumbing and basic performance testing routines are encapsulated in MDA generation "cartridges" along with default implementations of testing logic. We will show how to use a tailored version of the UML 2.0 Testing Profile to model a customized load testing client. The performance configuration (such as transaction mix and spiking simulations) can also be modeled using the UML model. Executing the generated deployable code will collect the performance testing data automatically. The tool implementation is based on a widely used open source MDA framework AndroMDA. We extended it by providing a cartridge for a performance testing tailored version of the UML 2.0 Testing Profile. Essentially, we use OObased meta-modeling in designing and implementing a lightweight performance testing domain specific language with supporting infrastructure on top of the existing UML testing standard.
Liming Zhu; Yan Liu; Ian Gorton; Ngoc Bao Bui
Momentum Dependent Fundamental Action
The fundamental action is dependent on momentum. Some consequences are presented for matter waves and scalar quantum field theory.
Karl De Paepe
About Gender Action
Gender Action was established in 2002. It is the only organization dedicated to promoting gender justice and women�s rights in all International Financial Institution (IFI) investments such as those of the World Bank. Gender Action�s goal is to ensure that women and men equally participate in and benefit from all IFI investments.
unknown authors
Boundary conditions for metric fluctuations in Lifshitz
We consider the quantisation of linearised fluctuations of the metric and matter fields about a Lifshitz background, exploring the possibility of alternative boundary conditions, allowing the slow fall-off modes to fluctuate. We find that for $z >2$, slow fall-off modes for some of the linearised fluctuations are normalizable, which opens up the possibility of considering alternative boundary conditions. Analysing stability, we find that alternative boundary conditions for the momentum density are allowed, but alternative boundary conditions for the energy density lead to an instability of the type we recently discovered in a similar analysis for scalar fields on a fixed Lifshitz background. Our investigation is in the context of the simple massive vector model, but we would expect the conclusions to be more general.
Andrade, Tomas
Metrics correlation and analysis service (MCAS)
The complexity of Grid workflow activities and their associated software stacks inevitably involves multiple organizations, ownership, and deployment domains. In this setting, important and common tasks such as the correlation and display of metrics and debugging information (fundamental ingredients of troubleshooting) are challenged by the informational entropy inherent to independently maintained and operated software components. Because such an information 'pond' is disorganized, it a difficult environment for business intelligence analysis i.e. troubleshooting, incident investigation and trend spotting. The mission of the MCAS project is to deliver a software solution to help with adaptation, retrieval, correlation, and display of workflow-driven data and of type-agnostic events, generated by disjoint middleware.
Baranovski, Andrew; Dykstra, Dave; Garzoglio, Gabriele; Hesselroth, Ted; Mhashilkar, Parag; Levshina, Tanya; /Fermilab
Clean Cities 2012 Annual Metrics Report
Energy Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Clean Cities 2012 Annual Metrics Report Caley Johnson National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-60274 December 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 National Renewable Energy Laboratory
FTCP FY09 Operational Plan GOAL 3 Objectives and Actions
6: 4/09/09 6: 4/09/09 Objective 1: Define and describe the key steps an individual should take following initial TQP qualification to achieve status as a DOE-recognized expert. (Dave Chaney) Action 6: Develop white paper on approach to institutionalize "DOE/NNSA Recognized Expert" BACKGROUND: The benchmarking of other agencies indicates that "Recognized Experts" may be used in a training environment as Subject Matter Experts, but that industry and regulators generally rely on educational degrees from accredited universities, internal corporate/agency qualification and certification programs or Professional Engineer (PE)/ Independent Body Certifications and experience for operational/maintenance/functional expertise, without having a
5: 4/09/09 5: 4/09/09 Objective 1: Define and describe the key steps an individual should take following initial TQP qualification to achieve status as a DOE-recognized expert. (Dave Chaney) Action 5: Recommend definition of DOE/NNSA Recognized Expert The benchmarking of other agencies indicates that "Recognized Experts" may be used in a training environment as Subject Matter Experts, but that industry and regulators generally rely on educational degrees from accredited universities, internal corporate/agency qualification and certification programs or Professional Engineer (PE)/ Independent Body Certifications and experience for operational/maintenance/functional expertise, without having a formal cadre of "Recognized Experts".
Scalar Metric fluctuations in space time matter inflation
Using the Ponce de Leon background metric, which describes a 5D universe in an apparent vacuum: $\\bar{G}_{AB}=0$, we study the effective 4D evolution of both, the inflaton and gauge-invariant scalar metric fluctuations, in the recently introduced model of space time matter inflation.
CIM: A Reliable Metric for Evaluating Program Phase Classifications
CIM: A Reliable Metric for Evaluating Program Phase Classifications Sreekumar V. Kodakara, Jinpyo Interval of estimated Mean (CIM), a metric based on statistical sampling theory, to evaluate the quality of estimated Mean (CIM) correctly estimates the quality of phase classification with a meaningful statistical
Minnesota, University of
Ideal based cyber security technical metrics for control systems
Much of the world's critical infrastructure is at risk from attack through electronic networks connected to control systems. Security metrics are important because they provide the basis for management decisions that affect the protection of the ... Keywords: control system security, cyber security metrics
Wayne Boyer; Miles McQueen
Phantom dark energy with tachyonic instability: metric perturbations
We study the behavior of metric perturbations in a recently proposed model of phantom dark energy with tachyonic instability at long wavelengths. We find that metric perturbations exponentially grow in time, starting from very small values determined by vacuum fluctuations, and may become sizeable at late times. This property may be of interest for phenomenology.
S. Sergienko; V. Rubakov
Metrics for Evaluating Conventional and Renewable Energy Technologies (Presentation)
With numerous options for the future of natural gas, how do we know we're going down the right path? How do we designate a metric to measure and demonstrate change and progress, and how does that metric incorporate all stakeholders and scenarios?
Mann, M. K.
Integration using invariant operators:Conformally flat radiation metrics
A new method is presented for obtaining the general conformally flat radiation metric by using the differential operators of Machado Ramos and Vickers (a generalisation of the GHP operators) which are invariant under null rotations and spin and boosts. The solution is found by constructing involutive tables of these derivatives applied to the quantities which arise in the Karlhede classification of metrics.
S. B. Edgar; J. A. Vickers
Diving decompression models and bubble metrics: Modern computer syntheses
A quantitative summary of computer models in diving applications is presented, underscoring dual phase dynamics and quantifying metrics in tissue and blood. Algorithms covered include the multitissue, diffusion, split phase gradient, linear-exponential, ... Keywords: Bubble metrics, Computer algorithms, Decompression models, Dive computers, Diver staging
B. R. Wienke
Selecting Metrics for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstocks
Key decisions about land-use practices and dynamics in biofuel systems affect the long-term sustainability of biofuels. Choices about what crops are grown and how are they planted, fertilized, and harvested determine the effects of biofuels on native plant diversity, competition with food crops, and water and air quality. Those decisions also affect economic viability since the distance that biofuels must be transported has a large effect on the market cost of biofuels. The components of a landscape approach include environmental and socioeconomic conditions and the bioenergy features [type of fuel, plants species, management practices (e.g., fertilizer and pesticide applications), type and location of production facilities] and ecological and biogeochemical feedbacks. Significantly, while water (availability and quality) emerges as one of the most limiting factors to sustainability of bioenergy feedstocks, the linkage between water and bioenergy choices for land use and management on medium and large scales is poorly quantified. Metrics that quantify environmental and socioeconomic changes in land use and landscape dynamics provide a way to measure and communicate the influence of alternative bioenergy choices on water quality and other components of the environment. Cultivation of switchgrass could have both positive and negative environmental effects, depending on where it is planted and what vegetation it replaces. Among the most important environmental effects are changes in the flow regimes of streams (peak storm flows, base flows during the growing season) and changes in stream water quality (sediment, nutrients, and pesticides). Unfortunately, there have been few controlled studies that provide sufficient data to evaluate the hydrological and water quality impacts of conversion to switchgrass. In particular, there is a need for experimental studies that use the small watershed approach to evaluate the effects of growing a perennial plant as a biomass crop. Small watershed studies have been used for several decades to identify effects of vegetation type, disturbance, and land use and agriculture practices on hydrology and water quality. An ideal experimental design to determine the effects of conversion to switchgrass on surface water hydrology and quality would involve (1) small catchment (5-20 ha) drained by a perennial or ephemeral stream, (2) crop treatments including conversion from row crops to switchgrass; pasture to switchgrass (other likely scenarios); controls (no change in vegetation), (3) treatments to compare different levels of fertilization and pesticide application, (4) riparian treatments to compare riparian buffers with alternative cover types, and a treatment with no buffer, and (5) 3-4 replicates of each treatment or BACI (before-after, control-intervention) design for unreplicated treatments (ideally with several years of measurements prior to the imposition of treatments for BACI design). Hydrologic measurements would include soil moisture patterns with depth and over time; nitrogen and phosphorus chemistry; soil solution chemistry - major anions and cations, inorganic and organic forms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus; precipitation amount and chemical deposition; stream discharge; and streamwater chemistry. These water quality metrics would need to be put into context of the other environmental and social conditions that are altered by growth of bioenergy feedstocks. These conditions include farm profits and yield of food and fuel, carbon storage and release, and a variety of ecosystem services such as enhanced biodiversity and pollinator services. Innovations in landscape design for bioenergy feedstocks take into account environmental and socioeconomic dynamics and consequences with consideration of alternative bioenergy regimes and policies. The ideal design would be scale-sensitive so that economic, social, and environmental constraints can be measured via metrics applicable at relevant scales. To develop a landscape design, land managers must consider (1) what are the environmental im
Dale, Virginia H [ORNL; Kline, Keith L [ORNL; Mulholland, Patrick J [ORNL; Downing, Mark [ORNL; Graham, Robin Lambert [ORNL; Wright, Lynn L [ORNL
Evaluating N-gram based evaluation metrics for automatic keyphrase extraction
This paper describes a feasibility study of n-gram-based evaluation metrics for automatic keyphrase extraction. To account for near-misses currently ignored by standard evaluation metrics, we adapt various evaluation metrics developed for machine ...
Su Nam Kim; Timothy Baldwin; Min-Yen Kan
Overcoming the l1 non-embeddability barrier: algorithms for product metrics
A common approach for solving computational problems over a difficult metric space is to embed the "hard" metric into L1 which admits efficient algorithms and is thus considered an "easy" metric. This approach has proved successful ...
Alexandr Andoni; Piotr Indyk; Robert Krauthgamer
Quantum benchmarks for the storage or transmission of quantum light from minimal resources
We investigate several recently published benchmark criteria for storage or transmission of continuous-variable quantum information. A comparison reveals that criteria based on a Gaussian distribution of coherent states are most resilient to noise. We then address the issue of experimental resources and derive an equally strong benchmark, solely based on three coherent states and homodyne detection. This benchmark is further simplified in the presence of naturally occurring random phases, which remove the need for active input-state modulation.
Hauke H�seler; Norbert L�tkenhaus
Integral Benchmark Data for Nuclear Data Testing Through the ICSBEP & IRPhEP
The status of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was last discussed directly with the nuclear data community at ND2007. Since ND2007, integral benchmark data that are available for nuclear data testing have increased significantly. The status of the ICSBEP and the IRPhEP is discussed and selected benchmark configurations that have been added to the ICSBEP and IRPhEP Handbooks since ND2007 are highlighted.
J. Blair Briggs; John D. Bess; Jim Gulliford; Ian Hill
Practical Diagnostics for Evaluating Residential Commissioning Metrics
In this report, we identify and describe 24 practical diagnostics that are ready now to evaluate residential commissioning metrics, and that we expect to include in the commissioning guide. Our discussion in the main body of this report is limited to existing diagnostics in areas of particular concern with significant interactions: envelope and HVAC systems. These areas include insulation quality, windows, airtightness, envelope moisture, fan and duct system airflows, duct leakage, cooling equipment charge, and combustion appliance backdrafting with spillage. Appendix C describes the 83 other diagnostics that we have examined in the course of this project, but that are not ready or are inappropriate for residential commissioning. Combined with Appendix B, Table 1 in the main body of the report summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of all 107 diagnostics. We first describe what residential commissioning is, its characteristic elements, and how one might structure its process. Our intent in this discussion is to formulate and clarify these issues, but is largely preliminary because such a practice does not yet exist. Subsequent sections of the report describe metrics one can use in residential commissioning, along with the consolidated set of 24 practical diagnostics that the building industry can use now to evaluate them. Where possible, we also discuss the accuracy and usability of diagnostics, based on recent laboratory work and field studies by LBNL staff and others in more than 100 houses. These studies concentrate on evaluating diagnostics in the following four areas: the DeltaQ duct leakage test, air-handler airflow tests, supply and return grille airflow tests, and refrigerant charge tests. Appendix A describes those efforts in detail. In addition, where possible, we identify the costs to purchase diagnostic equipment and the amount of time required to conduct the diagnostics. Table 1 summarizes these data. Individual equipment costs for the 24 practical diagnostics range from a few hundred dollars to many thousands of dollars. The higher costs are associated with infrared thermography and state-of-the-art automated diagnostic systems. Most tests can be performed in one hour or less, using equipment priced toward the lower end of the cost spectrum.
Wray, Craig; Walker, Iain; Siegel, Jeff; Sherman, Max
8 Preventive Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 1 of 3 8 Preventive Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 1 of 3 EOTA - Business Form Document Title: Preventive Action Report Planning Worksheet Document Number: F-018 Rev 11_0414 Document Owner: Elizabeth Sousa Backup Owner: Melissa Otero Approver(s): Melissa Otero Parent Document: P-008, Corrective/Preventive Action Notify of Changes: EOTA Employees Referenced Document(s): N/A F-018 Preventive Action Report Planning Worksheet 11_0414 2 of 3 Revision History: Rev. Description of Change 08_0613 Initial Release 09_0924 Worksheet modified to reflect External Audit recommendation for identification of "Cause for Potential Nonconformance". Minor editing changes. 11_0414 Added Preventive Action Number block to match Q-Pulse
Corrective and Preventive Action
8 Corrective/Preventive Action Process 11_0414 Page 1 of 8 8 Corrective/Preventive Action Process 11_0414 Page 1 of 8 EOTA - Business Process Document Title: Corrective/Preventive Action Process Document Number: P-008 Rev 11_0414 Document Owner: Elizabeth Sousa Backup Owner: Melissa Otero Approver(s): Melissa Otero Parent Document: Q-001, Quality Manual Notify of Changes: EOTA Employees Referenced Document(s): P-004 Business System Management Review, F-017 Corrective Action Report Planning Worksheet or F-018 Preventive Action Report Planning Worksheet P-008 Corrective/Preventive Action Process 11_0414 Page 2 of 8 Revision History: Rev. Description of Change A Initial Release 08_0310 Implemented Multiple reviewer of "Root Cause" into process. 08_0313 Changed verbiage in Process, Responsibility and Definitions for clarification. Assigned new Backup Document Owner.
CASMO-3/SIMULATE-3 benchmarking against Vermont Yankee
The cross-section generation code CASMO-3 and the advanced nodal code SIMULATE-3 are used to model Vermont Yankee (VY) cycles 9 through 13. Vermont Yankee is a small, high-power density boiling water reactor (BWR)-3 reactor. Cycles 9 through 13 were chosen for benchmarking because they have high-enrichment cores and use gamma-sensing traversing in-core probes (TIPs). To judge the merit of the new CASMO-3/SIMULATE-3 model, the results are compared to the old CASMO-2/SIMULATE-2 model. The figures of merit are consistent hot and cold eigenvalues near 1.0 and accurate reproduction of the plant TIP readings.
Hubbard, B.Y.; Morin, D.J.; Pappas, J.; Potter, R.C.; Woehlke, R.A. (Yankee Atomic Electric Co., Bolton, MA (USA))
Benchmarks for new strong interactions at the LHC
New strong interactions at the LHC may exhibit a richer structure than expected from simply rescaling QCD to the electroweak scale. In fact, a departure from rescaled QCD is required for compatibility with electroweak constraints. To navigate the space of possible scenarios, we use a simple framework, based on a 5D model with modifications of AdS geometry in the infrared. In the parameter space, we select two points with particularly interesting phenomenology. For these benchmark points, we explore the discovery of triplets of vector and axial resonances at the LHC.
J. Hirn; A. Martin; V. Sanz
Quantum Benchmark for Teleportation and Storage of Squeezed States
We provide a quantum benchmark for teleportation and storage of single-mode squeezed states with zero displacement and a completely unknown degree of squeezing along a given direction. For pure squeezed input states, a fidelity higher than 81.5% has to be attained in order to outperform any classical strategy based on an estimation of the unknown squeezing and repreparation of squeezed states. For squeezed thermal input states, we derive an upper and a lower bound on the classical average fidelity which tighten for moderate degree of mixedness. These results enable a critical discussion of recent experiments with squeezed light.
Gerardo Adesso; Giulio Chiribella
Quantum benchmark for storage and transmission of coherent states
We consider the storage and transmission of a Gaussian distributed set of coherent states of continuous variable systems. We prove a limit on the average fidelity achievable when the states are transmitted or stored by a classical channel, i.e., a measure and repreparation scheme which sends or stores classical information only. The obtained bound is tight and serves as a benchmark which has to be surpassed by quantum channels in order to outperform any classical strategy. The success in experimental demonstrations of quantum memories as well as quantum teleportation has to be judged on this footing.
K. Hammerer; M. M. Wolf; E. S. Polzik; J. I. Cirac
Benchmarking quantum control methods on a 12-qubit system
In this letter, we present an experimental benchmark of operational control methods in quantum information processors extended up to 12 qubits. We implement universal control of this large Hilbert space using two complementary approaches and discuss their accuracy and scalability. Despite decoherence, we were able to reach a 12-coherence state (or 12-qubits pseudo-pure cat state), and decode it into an 11 qubit plus one qutrit labeled observable pseudo-pure state using liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors.
C. Negrevergne; T. S. Mahesh; C. A. Ryan; M. Ditty; F. Cyr-Racine; W. Power; N. Boulant; T. Havel; D. G. Cory; R. Laflamme
Benchmarking and Performance Improvement at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site
The Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) has initiated a major work process improvement campaign using the tools of formalized benchmarking and streamlining. This paper provides insights into some of the process improvement activities performed at Rocky Flats from November 1995 through December 1996. It reviews the background, motivation, methodology, results, and lessons learned from this ongoing effort. The paper also presents important gains realized through process analysis and improvement including significant cost savings, productivity improvements, and an enhanced understanding of site work processes.
Elliott, C. [Kaiser-Hill Co., LLC, Golden, CO (United States)], Doyle, D. [USDOE Rocky Flats Office, Golden, CO (United States)], Featherman, W.D. [Project Performance Corp., Sterline, VA (United States)
Benchmark problems in which equality plays the major role
We have recently heard rumors that researchers are again studying paramodulation [Wos87] in the context of strategy for its control. In part to facilitate such research, and in part to provide test problems for evaluating other approaches to equality-oriented reasoning, we offer in this article a set of benchmark problems in which equality plays the dominant role. The test problems are taken from group theory, Robbins algebra, combinatory logic, and other areas. For each problem, we include appropriate clauses and comment as to its status with regard to provability by an unaided automated reasoning program.
Lusk, E.; Wos, L.
We have recently heard rumors that researchers are again studying paramodulation (Wos87) in the context of strategy for its control. In part to facilitate such research, and in part to provide test problems for evaluating other approaches to equality-oriented reasoning, we offer in this article a set of benchmark problems in which equality plays the dominant role. The test problems are taken from group theory, Robbins algebra, combinatory logic, and other areas. For each problem, we include appropriate clauses and comment as to its status with regard to provability by an unaided automated reasoning program.
May 2006 Standards Actions
Standards Actions 1 Standards Actions 1 New Projects and Technical Standards in Revision 1 DOE Technical Standards Posted in RevCom for TSP 1 DOE Technical Standards in Reaffirmation 1 DOE Technical Standards Change Notices 1 DOE Technical Standards Published 1 Non-Government Standards Actions 1 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 2 ASTM International 2 American Nuclear Society (ANS) 2 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 2
2D and 3D Numerical Modeling of Solidification Benchmark of Sn-3 ...
The benchmark experiment consists in solidifying a rectangular ingot of Sn-3% wt . Pb alloys, by using two lateral heat exchangers which allow extracting heat�...
Benchmark suites for improving the RDF(S) importers and exporters of ontology development tools
Abstract. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems to interchange information and to use the information that has been interchanged. Nowadays, interoperability between ontology development tools is low. Therefore, to assess and improve this interoperability, we propose to perform a benchmarking of the interoperability of ontology development tools using RDF(S) as the interchange language. This paper presents, on the one hand, the interoperability benchmarking that is currently in progress in Knowledge Web 1 and, on the other, the benchmark suites defined and used in this benchmarking. 1
Ra�l Garc�a-castro; Asunci�n G�mez-p�rez
PMaC Prediction Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks SummerAuthor: Noel Keen Introduction NERSC procurement depends onbenchmarks, in particular the NERSC SSP. Machine vendors are
Energy Benchmarking And Energy Saving Assessment In High-Rise Multi-Unit Residential Buildings.
??The purpose of energy benchmarking is to promote efficient use of energy. Knowing that the energy used by a building is excessive is the first� (more)
Huang, Yirong
Guideline for benchmarking thermal treatment systems for low-level mixed waste
A process for benchmarking low-level mixed waste (LLMW) treatment technologies has been developed. When used in conjunction with the identification and preparation of surrogate waste mixtures, and with defined quality assurance and quality control procedures, the benchmarking process will effectively streamline the selection of treatment technologies being considered by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for LLMW cleanup and management. Following the quantitative template provided in the benchmarking process will greatly increase the technical information available for the decision-making process. The additional technical information will remove a large part of the uncertainty in the selection of treatment technologies. It is anticipated that the use of the benchmarking process will minimize technology development costs and overall treatment costs. In addition, the benchmarking process will enhance development of the most promising LLMW treatment processes and aid in transferring the technology to the private sector. To instill inherent quality, the benchmarking process is based on defined criteria and a structured evaluation format, which are independent of any specific conventional treatment or emerging process technology. Five categories of benchmarking criteria have been developed for the evaluation: operation/design; personnel health and safety; economics; product quality; and environmental quality. This benchmarking document gives specific guidance on what information should be included and how it should be presented. A standard format for reporting is included in Appendix A and B of this document. Special considerations for LLMW are presented and included in each of the benchmarking categories.
Hoffman, D.P.; Gibson, L.V. Jr.; Hermes, W.H. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Bastian, R.E. [Focus Environmental, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States); Davis, W.T. [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)
SEAB Climate Action Plan
A presentation on the Climate Action Plan presented by Dr. Jonathan Pershing, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Climate Change at the U.S. Department of Energy.
Workforce Diversity Action Plans
Workforce Diversity Action Plans Workforce Diversity Office Best Practices Diversity Council Compendium of Diversity Activities Principles for a Diverse Community Lawrence Berkeley...
Climate Action Plan (Kentucky)
The Commonwealth of Kentucky established the Kentucky Climate Action Plan Council (KCAPC) process to identify opportunities for Kentucky to respond to the challenge of global climate change while...
Weighting and Bayes Nets for Rollup of Surveillance Metrics
The LANL IKE team proposes that the surveillance metrics for several data stream that are used to detect the same failure mode be weighted. Similarly, the failure mode metrics are weighted to obtain a subsystem metric. E.g., if there n data streams (nodes 1-n), the failure mode (node 0) metric is obtained as M{sub 0} = w{sub 1}M{sub 1} + {hor_ellipsis} + w{sub n}M{sub n}, where {Sigma}{sub i=1}{sup n} w{sub i} = 1. This proposal has been implemented with Bayes Nets using the Netica/IKE software by specifying an appropriate conditional probability table (CPT). This CPT is calculated using the same form as (1), where the data stream metrics for the true (T) and false (F) states are replaced by 1 and 0, respectively. Then using this CPT, the failure mode metric calculated by Netica/IKE equals (1). This result has two nice features. First, the rollup Bayes nets is doing can be easily explained. Second, because Bayes Nets can implement this rollup using Netica/IKE, then data marshalling (allocating next year's budget) can be studied. A proof that the claim 'failure mode metric calculated by Netica/IKE equals (1)' for n = 2 and n = 3 follows as well as the sketch of a proof by induction for general n.
Henson, Kriste [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sentz, Kari [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hamada, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Measuring solar reflectance-Part I: Defining a metric that accurately...
I: Defining a metric that accurately predicts solar heat gain Title Measuring solar reflectance-Part I: Defining a metric that accurately predicts solar heat gain Publication Type...
Benchmark study of TRIPOLI-4 through experiment and MCNP codes
Reliability on simulation results is essential in nuclear physics. Although MCNP5 and MCNPX are the world widely used 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes, alternative Monte Carlo simulation tools exist to simulate neutral and charged particles' interactions with matter. Therefore, benchmark are required in order to validate these simulation codes. For instance, TRIPOLI-4.7, developed at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission for neutron and photon transport, now also provides the user with a full feature electron-photon electromagnetic shower. Whereas the reliability of TRIPOLI-4.7 for neutron and photon transport has been validated yet, the new development regarding electron-photon matter interaction needs additional validation benchmarks. We will thus demonstrate how accurately TRIPOLI-4's 'deposited spectrum' tally can simulate gamma spectrometry problems, compared to MCNP's 'F8' tally. The experimental setup is based on an HPGe detector measuring the decay spectrum of an {sup 152}Eu source. These results are then compared with those given by MCNPX 2.6d and TRIPOLI-4 codes. This paper deals with both the experimental aspect and simulation. We will demonstrate that TRIPOLI-4 is a potential alternative to both MCNPX and MCNP5 for gamma-electron interaction simulation. (authors)
Michel, M. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Coulon, R. [Canberra France, F-78182 Saint Quentin en Yvelines (France); Normand, S. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Huot, N.; Petit, O. [CEA, DEN DANS, SERMA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
NMSSM Higgs Benchmarks Near 125 GeV
The recent LHC indications of a SM-like Higgs boson near 125 GeV are consistent not only with the Standard Model (SM) but also with Supersymmetry (SUSY). However naturalness arguments disfavour the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We consider the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with a SM-like Higgs boson near 125 GeV involving relatively light stops and gluinos below 1 TeV in order to satisfy naturalness requirements. We are careful to ensure that the chosen values of couplings do not become non perturbative below the grand unification (GUT) scale, although we also examine how these limits may be extended by the addition of extra matter to the NMSSM at the two-loop level. We then propose four sets of benchmark points corresponding to the SM-like Higgs boson being the lightest or the second lightest Higgs state in the NMSSM or the NMSSM-with-extra-matter. With the aid of these benchmark points we discuss how the NMSSM Higgs boson near 125 GeV may be distinguished from the SM Higgs boson in future LHC searches.
S. F. King; M. Muhlleitner; R. Nevzorov
Post LHC8 SUSY benchmark points for ILC physics
We re-evaluate prospects for supersymmetry at the proposed International Linear e^+e^- Collider (ILC) in light of the first two years of serious data taking at LHC: LHC7 with ~5 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV and LHC8 with ~20 fb^{-1} at \\sqrt{s}=8 TeV. Strong new limits from LHC8 SUSY searches, along with the discovery of a Higgs boson with m_h~125 GeV, suggest a paradigm shift from previously popular models to ones with new and compelling signatures. After a review of the current status of supersymmetry, we present a variety of new ILC benchmark models, including: natural SUSY, radiatively-driven natural SUSY (RNS), NUHM2 with low m_A, a focus point case from mSUGRA/CMSSM, non-universal gaugino mass (NUGM) model, stau-coannihilation, Kallosh-Linde/spread SUSY model, mixed gauge-gravity mediation, normal scalar mass hierarchy (NMH), and one example with the recently discovered Higgs boson being the heavy CP-even state H. While all these models at present elude the latest LHC8 limits, they do offer intriguing case study possibilities for ILC operating at \\sqrt{s}~0.25-1 TeV. The benchmark points also present a view of the widely diverse SUSY phenomena which might still be expected in the post LHC8 era at both LHC and ILC.
Howard Baer; Jenny List
Benchmarking of Graphite Reflected Critical Assemblies of UO2
A series of experiments were carried out in 1963 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Critical Experiments Facility (ORCEF) for use in space reactor research programs. A core containing 93.2% enriched UO2 fuel rods was used in these experiments. The first part of the experimental series consisted of 253 tightly-packed fuel rods (1.27 cm triangular pitch) with graphite reflectors [1], the second part used 253 graphite-reflected fuel rods organized in a 1.506 cm triangular pitch [2], and the final part of the experimental series consisted of 253 beryllium-reflected fuel rods with a 1.506 cm triangular pitch. [3] Fission rate distribution and cadmium ratio measurements were taken for all three parts of the experimental series. Reactivity coefficient measurements were taken for various materials placed in the beryllium reflected core. The first part of this experimental series has been evaluated for inclusion in the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [4] and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbooks, [5] and is discussed below. These experiments are of interest as benchmarks because they support the validation of compact reactor designs with similar characteristics to the design parameters for a space nuclear fission surface power systems. [6
Margaret A. Marshall; John D. Bess
Criticality Benchmark Analysis of Water-Reflected Uranium Oxyfluoride Slabs
A series of twelve experiments were conducted in the mid 1950's at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Critical Experiments Facility to determine the critical conditions of a semi-infinite water-reflected slab of aqueous uranium oxyfluoride (UO2F2). A different slab thickness was used for each experiment. Results from the twelve experiment recorded in the laboratory notebook were published in Reference 1. Seven of the twelve experiments were determined to be acceptable benchmark experiments for the inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. This evaluation will not only be available to handbook users for the validation of computer codes and integral cross-section data, but also for the reevaluation of experimental data used in the ANSI/ANS-8.1 standard. This evaluation is important as part of the technical basis of the subcritical slab limits in ANSI/ANS-8.1. The original publication of the experimental results was used for the determination of bias and bias uncertainties for subcritical slab limits, as documented by Hugh Clark's paper 'Subcritical Limits for Uranium-235 Systems'.
Model-Based Engineering and Manufacturing CAD/CAM Benchmark
The Benehmark Project was created from a desire to identify best practices and improve the overall efficiency and performance of the Y-12 Plant's systems and personnel supprting the manufacturing mission. The mission of the benchmark team was to search out industry leaders in manufacturing and evaluate lheir engineering practices and processes to determine direction and focus fm Y-12 modmizadon efforts. The companies visited included several large established companies and anew, small, high-tech machining firm. As a result of this efforL changes are recommended that will enable Y-12 to become a more responsive cost-effective manufacturing facility capable of suppordng the needs of the Nuclear Weapons Complex (NW@) and Work Fw Others into the 21' century. The benchmark team identified key areas of interest, both focused and gencml. The focus arm included Human Resources, Information Management, Manufacturing Software Tools, and Standarda/ Policies and Practices. Areas of general interest included Inhstructure, Computer Platforms and Networking, and Organizational Structure. The method for obtaining the desired information in these areas centered on the creation of a benchmark questionnaire. The questionnaire was used throughout each of the visits as the basis for information gathering. The results of this benchmark showed that all companies are moving in the direction of model-based engineering and manufacturing. There was evidence that many companies are trying to grasp how to manage current and legacy data. In terms of engineering design software tools, the companies contacted were using both 3-D solid modeling and surfaced Wire-frame models. The manufacturing computer tools were varie4 with most companies using more than one software product to generate machining data and none currently performing model-based manufacturing (MBM) ftom a common medel. The majority of companies were closer to identifying or using a single computer-aided design (CAD) system than a single computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system. The Inteznet was a technology that all companies were considering to either transport information more easily throughout the corporation or as a conduit for business, as the small firm was doing Successfully. Because PrdEngineer is the de facto CAD standard fbr the NWC, the Benchmark Team targeted companies using Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) software tools. Most of the companies used Pm'Engineer for design to some degree, but found the PTC CAM product, PdManufacture lacking as compared to alternate CAM solutions. All of the companies visited fOund the data exchange between CAD/CAM systems problematic. It was apparent that these companies were trying to consolidate their software tools to reduce translation but had not been able to do so because no single solution had all the needed capabilities. In regard to organizational slructure and human resoukes, two companies were found to be using product or program teams. These teams consisted of the technical staff capable of completing the entire task and were xmintained throughout the project. This same strategy was evident at another of the companies but with more mobility of members. For all eornpanies visited except the small ~ work structure breakdown and responsibility were essentially the same as Y-12's at this time. The functions of numerical control (NC), desi~ and process planning were separate and distinct. The team made numerous recommendations that are detailed in the report.
Domm, T.D.; Underwood, R.S.
Generalized Banach contraction in probabilistic metric/normed spaces
In this paper, we present the generalization of B-contraction and C-contraction due to Sehgal and Hicks respectively. We also study some properties of C-contraction in probabilistic metric space.
Lafuerza-Guillen, Bernardo
PARABOLIC COMPARISON PRINCIPLE AND QUASIMINIMIZERS IN METRIC MEASURE SPACES JUHA KINNUNEN AND MATHIAS MASSON Abstract. We give several characterizations of parabolic (quasisuper)- minimizers prove a version of com- parison principle for super- and subminimizers on parabolic space-time cylinders
Kinnunen, Juha
Issues and Uncertainties Affecting Metrics for Aviation Impacts on Climate
Metrics such as radiative forcing and global warming potential have proven to be useful tools in climate policy�related studies, including evaluation of the effects of aviation on climate, to relate different emissions to one another in order to ...
Don Wuebbles; Piers Forster; Helen Rogers; Redina Herman
Metrics of Software Evolution as Effort Predictors - A Case Study
Despite its importance, cost estimation in the context of continuing software evolution has been relatively unexplored. This paper addresses this omission by describing some models that predict effort as a function of a suite of metrics of software evolution. ...
Juan F. Ramil; Meir M. Lehman
Islands of Reliability for Hybrid Topological-Metric Mapping
Islands of Reliability for Hybrid Topological-Metric Mapping Shlomo Saul Simhon TR-CIM-99-6319 Telex: 05 268510 FAX: (514) 398-7348 Email: email@example.com #12;ABSTRACT This thesis describes
Dudek, Gregory
Analysis of Solar Cell Quality Using Voltage Metrics: Preprint
The highest efficiency solar cells provide both excellent voltage and current. Of these, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is more frequently viewed as an indicator of the material quality. However, since the Voc also depends on the band gap of the material, the difference between the band gap and the Voc is a better metric for comparing material quality of unlike materials. To take this one step further, since Voc also depends on the shape of the absorption edge, we propose to use the ultimate metric: the difference between the measured Voc and the Voc calculated from the external quantum efficiency using a detailed balance approach. This metric is less sensitive to changes in cell design and definition of band gap. The paper defines how to implement this metric and demonstrates how it can be useful in tracking improvements in Voc, especially as Voc approaches its theoretical maximum.
Toberer, E. S.; Tamboli, A. C.; Steiner, M.; Kurtz, S.
Applying Software Engineering Metrics to Land Surface Parameterization Schemes
In addition to model validation techniques and intermodel comparison projects, the authors propose the use of software engineering metrics as an additional tool for the enhancement of �quality� in climate models. By discriminating between ...
A. Henderson-Sellers; A. J. Pitman; B. Henderson-Sellers; D. Pollard; J. M. Verner
Impact of Different Economic Performance Metrics on the Perceived...
low IRRs up to the reinvestment rate and high IRRs down to the reinvestment rate (McKinsey & Co. 2004). The IRR and MIRR metrics are likely to be used to evaluate commercial...
Performance metrics for soil moisture retrievals and application requirements
Quadratic performance metrics such as root-mean-square error (RMSE) and time series correlation are often used to assess the accuracy of geophysical retrievals (satellite measurements) with respect to true fields. These ...
Entekhabi, Dara
Nonlinear Gravity Theories in the Metric and Palatini Formalisms
We study nonlinear gravity theories in both the metric and the Palatini (metric-affine) formalisms. The nonlinear character of the gravity lagrangian in the metric formalism causes the appearance of a scalar source of matter in Einstein�s equations that can be interpreted as a quintessence field. However, in the Palatini case no new energy sources appear, though the equations of motion get modified in such a way that usual matter can lead to repulsive gravity at very low densities. Thus, the Palatini formalism could provide a mechanism to explain the recent acceleration of the universe without the necessity of dark energy sources. We also show that in contrast to the metric formalism where only the Einstein frame should be considered as physical, the Palatini formalism allows both the Einstein and the Jordan frames to be physically acceptable.
Gonzalo J. Olmo A; William Komp A
We study nonlinear gravity theories in both the metric and the Palatini (metric-affine) formalisms. The nonlinear character of the gravity lagrangian in the metric formalism causes the appearance of a scalar source of matter in Einstein's equations that can be interpreted as a quintessence field. However, in the Palatini case no new energy sources appear, though the equations of motion get modified in such a way that usual matter can lead to repulsive gravity at very low densities. Thus, the Palatini formalism could provide a mechanism to explain the recent acceleration of the universe without the necessity of dark energy sources. We also show that in contrast to the metric formalism where only the Einstein frame should be considered as physical, the Palatini formalism allows both the Einstein and the Jordan frames to be physically acceptable.
Gonzalo J. Olmo; William Komp