text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
AvAilAble for licensing Increased battery capacity, safety, stability and reliability at lower cost.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
cost. The Invention A composite material suitable for use in an anode for a lithium-ion battery and reliability; Lowers battery cost; and Could exceed the technical specifications for electrified vehicles AvAilAble for licensing Increased battery capacity, safety, stability and reliability at lower
Kemner, Ken
Battery capacity indicator
SciTech Connect
This patent describes a battery capacity indicator for providing a continuous indication of battery capacity for a battery powered device. It comprises means for periodically effecting a first and a second positive discharge rate of the battery; voltage measurement means, for measuring the battery terminal voltage at the first and second positive discharge rates during the operation of the device, and for generating a differential battery voltage value in response thereto; memory means for storing a set of predetermined differential battery voltage values and a set of predetermined battery capacity values, each of the set of predetermined differential battery voltage values defining one of the set of predetermined battery capacity values; comparison means, coupled to the memory means and to the voltage measurement means, for comparing the measured differential battery voltage values with the set of predetermined differential battery voltage values, and for selecting the predetermined battery capacity value corresponding thereto.
Kunznicki, W.J.
Battery Capacity Measurement And Analysis
In this paper, we look at different battery capacity models that have been introduced in the literatures. These models describe the battery capacity utilization based on how the battery is discharged by the circuits that consume power. In an attempt to validate these models, we characterize a commercially available lithium coin cell battery through careful measurements of the current and the voltage output of the battery under different load profile applied by a micro sensor node. In the result, we show how the capacity of the battery is affected by the different load profile and provide analysis on whether the conventional battery models are applicable in the real world. One of the most significant finding of our work will show that DC/DC converter plays a significant role in determining the battery capacity, and that the true capacity of the battery may only be found by careful measurements.
Using Lithium Coin; Sung Park; Andreas Savvides; Mani B. Srivastava
: Measurement of Battery Capacity in Mobile Robot Systems
RoBM2 : Measurement of Battery Capacity in Mobile Robot Systems Nestor Lucas1 , Cosmin Codrea1. With battery driven robot systems performing very sophisti- cated tasks, increasing demands on the power supply play a critical role. Operation breakdowns are unpredictable unless the state of the battery is known
Breu, Ruth
Increasing State Capacity Through Clans
their role in increasing state capacity With the decline ofhere focus on state capacity and the associated discussionselements of state capacity during the transition from one
Doyle, Jr, Thomas Martin
Measurement of Battery Capacity in Mobile Robot Systems
With battery driven robot systems performing very sophisticated tasks, increasing demands on the power supply play a critical role. Operation breakdowns are unpredictable unless the state of the battery is known, and the overall performance should be adjusted according to reliable remaining capacity estimations. This paper addresses many of the issues related to the management and monitoring of battery packs for mobile robots, whereas an implementation for a particular system is presented.
Nestor Lucas; Cosmin Codrea; Thomas Hirth; Javier Gutierrez; Falko Dressler
Study fo Ni-MH Battery Capacity Management.
??The topic of this study is to develop a battery capacity management system. The main purpose is to monitor the state of battery during charging� (more)
Chang, Chiung-jen
High Capacity Pouch-Type Li-air Batteries
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The pouch-type Li-air batteries operated in ambient condition are reported in this work. The battery used a heat sealable plastic membrane as package material, O2� diffusion membrane and moisture barrier. The large variation in internal resistance of the batteries is minimized by a modified separator which can bind the cell stack together. The cells using the modified separators show improved and repeatable discharge performances. It is also found that addition of about 20% of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) in PC:EC (1:1) based electrolyte solvent improves can improve the wetability of carbon electrode and the discharge capacities of Li-air batteries, but further increase in DME amount lead to a decreased capacity due to increase electrolyte loss during discharge process. The pouch-type Li-air batteries with the modified separator and optimized electrolyte has demonstrated a specific capacity of 2711 mAh g-1 based on carbon and a specific energy of 344 Wh kg-1 based on the complete batteries including package.
Wang, Deyu; Xiao, Jie; Xu, Wu; Zhang, Jiguang
An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries
An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries Peng cycle-life tends to shrink significantly. The capacities of commercial lithium-ion batteries fade by 10 prediction model to estimate the remaining capacity of a Lithium-Ion battery. The proposed analytical model
Pedram, Massoud
Impact of increased electric vehicle use on battery recycling infrastructure
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
State and Federal regulations have been implemented that are intended to encourage more widespread use of low-emission vehicles. These regulations include requirements of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and regulations pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the Energy Policy Act. If the market share of electric vehicles increases in response to these initiatives, corresponding growth will occur in quantities of spent electric vehicle batteries for disposal. Electric vehicle battery recycling infrastructure must be adequate to support collection, transportation, recovery, and disposal stages of waste battery handling. For some battery types, such as lead-acid, a recycling infrastructure is well established; for others, little exists. This paper examines implications of increasing electric vehicle use for lead recovery infrastructure. Secondary lead recovery facilities can be expected to have adequate capacity to accommodate lead-acid electric vehicle battery recycling. However, they face stringent environmental constraints that may curtail capacity use or new capacity installation. Advanced technologies help address these environmental constraints. For example, this paper describes using backup power to avoid air emissions that could occur if electric utility power outages disable emissions control equipment. This approach has been implemented by GNB Technologies, a major manufacturer and recycler of lead-acid batteries. Secondary lead recovery facilities appear to have adequate capacity to accommodate lead waste from electric vehicles, but growth in that capacity could be constrained by environmental regulations. Advances in lead recovery technologies may alleviate possible environmental constraints on capacity growth.
Vimmerstedt, L.; Hammel, C. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Jungst, R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Exact Sizing of Battery Capacity for Photovoltaic Systems
Exact Sizing of Battery Capacity for Photovoltaic Systems Yu Rua , Jan Kleisslb , Sonia Martinezb a study battery sizing for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. In our setting, PV generated, it is stored in a battery (as long as the battery is not fully charged), which has a fixed maximum charging
Martínez, Sonia
Adaptive Online Battery Parameters/SOC/Capacity Co-estimation
Adaptive Online Battery Parameters/SOC/Capacity Co-estimation Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi and Mo parameters to characterize the performance and application of a battery. Although the nominal capacity and even storage ageing of the battery. Following our previous publications in which we developed an online
Chow, Mo-Yuen
High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization for Vehicular Applications.
?? A lithium-ion battery is one of the key research topics in energy storage technologies. Major characterization tests such as static capacity, open circuit voltage� (more)
Ahmed, Sazzad Hossain
Battery capacity measurement and analysis using lithium coin cell battery
Keywords: DC/DC converter, battery, coin cell, data acquisition, embedded system, energy estimation, power estimation
Sung Park; Andreas Savvides; Mani Srivastava
An analytical model for predicting the remaining battery capacity of lithium-ion batteries
Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing and applying an effective dynamic power management policy for the device. This paper starts up by showing that a 30% error in predicting ... Keywords: accelerated rate capacity, cycle aging and dynamic voltage scaling, remaining battery capacity, temperature
Peng Rong; Massoud Pedram
Abstract�Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing and applying an effective dynamic power management policy for the device. This paper starts up by showing that a 30 % error in predicting the battery capacity of a lithium-ion battery can result in up to 20 % performance degradation for a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling algorithm. Next, this paper presents a closed form analytical expression for predicting the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery. The proposed high-level model, which relies on online current and voltage measurements, correctly accounts for the temperature and cycle aging effects. The accuracy of the highlevel model is validated by comparing it with DUALFOIL simulation results, demonstrating a maximum of 5 % error between simulated and predicted data. Index Terms�Accelerated rate capacity, cycle aging and dynamic voltage scaling, remaining battery capacity, temperature. I.
Peng Rong; Student Member; Massoud Pedram
Capacity fade analysis of a battery/super capacitor hybrid and a battery under pulse loads full cell studies
words: capacity fade, interfacial impedance, lithium ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid, pulse discharge amplitude, rate capability Abstract A detailed analysis of the capacity fade of a battery/supercapacitor
Popov, Branko N.
Prediction of Retained Capacity and EODV of Li-ion Batteries in LEO Spacecraft Batteries
In resent years ANN is widely reported for modeling in different areas of science including electro chemistry. This includes modeling of different technological batteries such as lead acid battery, Nickel cadmium batteries etc. Lithium ion batteries are advance battery technology which satisfy most of the space mission requirements. Low earth orbit (LEO)space craft batteries undergo large number of charge discharge cycles (about 25000 cycles)compared to other ground level or space applications. This study is indented to develop ANN model for about 25000 cycles, cycled under various temperature, Depth Of Discharge (DOD) settings with constant charge voltage limit to predict the retained capacity and End of Discharge Voltage (EODV). To extract firm conclusion and distinguish the capability of ANN method, the predicted values are compared with experimental result by statistical method and Bland Altman plot.
Ramakrishnan, S; Jeyakumar, A Ebenezer
Increasing water holding capacity for irrigation
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Increasing water holding capacity for irrigation Reseachers recommend solutions for sediment trapping in irrigation system LANL and SNL leveraged technical expertise to determine...
High capacity nickel battery material doped with alkali metal cations
A high capacity battery material is made, consisting essentially of hydrated Ni(II) hydroxide, and about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of Ni(IV) hydrated oxide interlayer doped with alkali metal cations selected from potassium, sodium and lithium cations.
Jackovitz, John F. (Monroeville, PA); Pantier, Earl A. (Penn Hills, PA)
Savings Potential of ENERGY STAR(R) External Power Adapters and Battery Chargers
combinations recording the battery capacity, and the energygenerally increases with battery capacity, but exhibits athe measured nominal battery capacity, and graphing this on
Webber, Carrie; Korn, David; Sanchez, Marla
Toward an Ideal Polymer Binder Design for High-Capacity Battery...
Toward an Ideal Polymer Binder Design for High-Capacity Battery Anodes Title Toward an Ideal Polymer Binder Design for High-Capacity Battery Anodes Publication Type Journal Article...
EPRI Increased Transmission Capacity Workshop Proceedings
This report documents the proceedings of EPRI's Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on September 20, 2011 at the offices of the American Transmission Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems...
Large Plastic Deformation in High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries Caused by Charge and Discharge
Large Plastic Deformation in High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries Caused by Charge and Discharge, Massachusetts 02138 Evidence has accumulated recently that a high-capacity elec- trode of a lithium-ion battery in the particle is high, possibly leading to fracture and cavitation. I. Introduction LITHIUM-ION batteries
Suo, Zhigang
Theory of SEI Formation in Rechargeable Batteries: Capacity Fade, Accelerated Aging and Lifetime Prediction
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade ...
Pinson, Matthew Bede
Rating batteries for initial capacity, charging parameters and cycle life in the photovoltaic application
Stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems typically depend on battery storage to supply power to the load when there is cloudy weather or no sun. Reliable operation of the load is often dependent on battery performance. This paper presents test procedures for lead-acid batteries which identify initial battery preparation, battery capacity after preparation, charge regulation set-points, and cycle life based on the operational characteristics of PV systems.
Harrington, S.R. [Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Hund, T.D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Design and Simulation of Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
to increase the battery's capacity (j n u J per unit volume.to estimate the battery capacity by relating the dischargealso the specific capacity of current battery systems. It is
Doyle, C.M.
A Combined Model for Determining Capacity Usage and Battery Size...
More Search Research & Development Batteries and Fuel Cells Li-Ion and Other Advanced Battery Technologies Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs...
Parameter Estimation and Capacity Fade Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Reformulated Models
Many researchers have worked to develop methods to analyze and characterize capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. As a complement to approaches to mathematically model capacity fade that require detailed understanding ...
Braatz, Richard D.
Modeling of lead-acid battery capacity loss in a photovoltaic application
The authors have developed a model for the probabilistic behavior of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. Stochastic and deterministic models are created to simulate the behavior of the system components. The components are the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery, and a load. One focus of this research is to model battery state of charge and battery capacity as a function of time. The capacity damage effect that occurs during deep discharge is introduced via a non-positive function of duration and depth of deep discharge events. Because the form of this function is unknown and varies with battery type, the authors model it with an artificial neural network (ANN) whose parameters are to be trained with experimental data. The battery capacity loss model will be described and a numerical example will be presented showing the predicted battery life under different PV system use scenarios.
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity Increases
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The presentation explores potential refinery capacity increases over the next 5 years in various world regions, based on changing demand patterns, changing price incentives, and capacity expansion announcements.
Information Center
When does noise increase the quantum capacity?
Superactivation is the property that two channels with zero quantum capacity can be used together to yield positive capacity. Here we demonstrate that this effect exists for a wide class of inequivalent channels, none of which can simulate each other. We also consider the case where one of two zero capacity channels are applied, but the sender is ignorant of which one is applied. We find examples where the greater the entropy of mixing of the channels, the greater the lower bound for the capacity. Finally, we show that the effect of superactivation is rather generic by providing example of superactivation using the depolarizing channel.
Fernando G. S. L. Brand�o; Jonathan Oppenheim; Sergii Strelchuk
Fail Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY! Challenges for Large LIB Systems 2 � Li-ion batteries are flammable, require expensive manufacturing to reduce defects
All-solid-state Hybrid Batteries with High Capacity - Programmaster ...
Abstract Scope, High-performance thin film battery (TFB) has gained many attentions, as active RFID tags, and MEMS based electronic systems. Although the�...
Microstructural effects on capacity-rate performance of vanadium oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries
Vanadium oxide thin film cathodes were analyzed to determine whether smaller average grain size and/or a narrower average grain size distribution affects the capacity-rate performance in lithium-ion batteries. Vanadium ...
Davis, Robin M. (Robin Manes)
Multi-Objective Capacity Planning of a Pv-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System
A new solution methodology of the capacity design problem of a PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System (HPS) is presented. The problem is formulated as a Linear Programming (LP) model with two objectives: minimizing ...
Saif, A.
Effect of anode film resistance on the charge/discharge capacity of a lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries are prone to failure, because both their capacity and rate capability decrease with cycling. Side reactions, which decrease the cell's cyclable lithium content, can be responsible for capacity fade. An increase in cyclable lithium content is also possible, but is limited by the initial overall lithium content. Formation of a solid electrolyte interphase film on the carbonaceous anode not only consumes cyclable lithium, but also increases the anode resistance, thus reducing the rate capability of the cell, as demonstrated via computer simulation of a lithium-ion cell. Simulations also suggest that the use of cutoff potentials may not effectively prevent undesired irreversible side reactions on overcharge or overdischarge.
Christensen, J.; Newman, J.
A Proposed 80% Service Test to Satisfy the Duty Cycle and to Trend Battery Capacity
Current practice within the nuclear power industry is to use performance discharge tests for condition monitoring to determine when a battery has reached 80 of its rated capacity, which is considered the end of its service life. A service test is now used in every refueling outage to verify that a battery can satisfy its design basis function as defined by the battery duty cycle. A modified performance test is used at intervals of one-fourth the qualified life, typically every five years, to satisfy the ...
Cyclic plasticity and shakedown in high-capacity electrodes of lithium-ion batteries Laurence Brassart, Kejie Zhao, Zhigang Suo
Cyclic plasticity and shakedown in high-capacity electrodes of lithium-ion batteries Laurence for lithium-ion batteries. Upon absorbing a large amount of lithium, the electrode swells greatly rights reserved. 1. Introduction Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are energy-storage systems of choice
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over thousands of cycles, limited by slow electrochemical processes, such as the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the negative electrode, which compete with reversible lithium intercalation. Focusing on SEI growth as the canonical degradation mechanism, we show that a simple single-particle model can accurately explain experimentally observed capacity fade in commercial cells with graphite anodes, and predict future fade based on limited accelerated aging data for short times and elevated temperatures. The theory is extended to porous electrodes, predicting that SEI growth is essentially homogeneous throughout the electrode, even at high rates. The lifetime distribution for a sample of batteries is found to be consistent with Gaussian statistics, as predicted by th...
Pinson, Matthew B
Alkali slurry ozonation to produce a high capacity nickel battery material
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems
A fault leading to a thermal runaway in a lithium-ion battery is believed to grow over time from a latent defect. Significant efforts have been made to detect lithium-ion battery safety faults to proactively facilitate actions minimizing subsequent losses. Scaling up a battery greatly changes the thermal and electrical signals of a system developing a defect and its consequent behaviors during fault evolution. In a large-capacity system such as a battery for an electric vehicle, detecting a fault signal and confining the fault locally in the system are extremely challenging. This paper introduces a fail-safe design methodology for large-capacity lithium-ion battery systems. Analysis using an internal short circuit response model for multi-cell packs is presented that demonstrates the viability of the proposed concept for various design parameters and operating conditions. Locating a faulty cell in a multiple-cell module and determining the status of the fault's evolution can be achieved using signals easily measured from the electric terminals of the module. A methodology is introduced for electrical isolation of a faulty cell from the healthy cells in a system to prevent further electrical energy feed into the fault. Experimental demonstration is presented supporting the model results.
Kim, G. H.; Smith, K.; Ireland, J.; Pesaran, A.
AvAilAble for licensing Battery overcharge protection, increased safety and long-term stability.
AvAilAble for licensing Battery overcharge protection, increased safety and long-term stability of lithium-ion batteries. The electrolytes can be alkali metal salts or polar aprotic solvents of overcharge tolerance--the dangerous voltage of the battery will never be reached even when over
Increasing Capacity of an Isolated Merge by Metering its On-Ramp
Increasing Capacity of an Isolated Merge by Metering its On-and thereby increase merge capacity. Detailed observationscan favorably affect the capacity of an isolated merge. The
Cassidy, Michael J.; Rudjanakanoknad, Jittichai
Guide for Increasing the Capacity of Induction Motors
In 2002, as a result of re-licensing, nearly 700 MW of U.S. nuclear power capacity was added in 13 uprate programs. Over the past two years, similar re-licensing efforts have resulted in 33 uprates, which have increased nuclear capacity by over 1,700 MW. With this re-licensing and uprating of nuclear power plants, there is seen an accompanying need to increase the output of some of the major auxiliary motors. With the special motors used in nuclear power plants, some of which have flywheels and some of w...
Method of increasing the sulfation capacity of alkaline earth sorbents
A system and method for increasing the sulfation capacity of alkaline earth carbonates to scrub sulfur dioxide produced during the fluidized bed combustion of coal in which partially sulfated alkaline earth carbonates are hydrated in a fluidized bed to crack the sulfate coating and convert the alkaline earth oxide to the hydroxide. Subsequent dehydration of the sulfate-hydroxide to a sulfate-oxide particle produces particles having larger pore size, increased porosity, decreased grain size and additional sulfation capacity. A continuous process is disclosed.
Shearer, John A. (Chicago, IL); Turner, Clarence B. (Shorewood, IL); Johnson, Irving (Clarendon Hills, IL)
Shearer, J.A.; Turner, C.B.; Johnson, I.
Nanostructured ion beam-modified Ge films for high capacity Li ion battery anodes
Nanostructured ion beam-modified Ge electrodes fabricated directly on Ni current collector substrates were found to exhibit excellent specific capacities during electrochemical cycling in half-cell configuration with Li metal for a wide range of cycling rates. Structural characterization revealed that the nanostructured electrodes lose porosity during cycling but maintain excellent electrical contact with the metallic current collector substrate. These results suggest that nanostructured Ge electrodes have great promise for use as high performance Li ion battery anodes.
Rudawski, N. G.; Darby, B. L.; Yates, B. R.; Jones, K. S. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400 (United States); Elliman, R. G. [Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 (Australia); Volinsky, A. A. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa Florida 33620 (United States)
High capacity, reversible alloying reactions in SnSb/C nanocomposites for Na-ion battery applications
A new SnSb/C nanocomposite based on Na alloying reactions is demonstrated as anode for Na-ion battery applications. The electrode can achieve an exceptionally high capacity (544 mA h g{sup -1}, almost double that of intercalation carbon materials), good rate capacity and cyclability (80% capacity retention over 50 cycles) for Na-ion storage.
Xiao, Lifen; Cao, Yuliang; Xiao, Jie; Wang, Wei; Kovarik, Libor; Nie, Zimin; Liu, Jun
Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling
1 Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling A NOAA of the NWS's forecast products, even its regional forecast products, are constrained by the limitations of NOAA's global forecast model. Unfortunately, our global forecasts are less accurate than those from
Hamill, Tom
Multimodal Traffic at Isolated Signalized Intersections: New Management Strategies to Increase Capacity
Effect of bicycles on capacity of signalized intersections.can produce significant capacity gains in complicated, real-Strategies to Increase Capacity Yiguang Xuan, Vikash Gayah,
Xuan, Yiguang; Gayah, Vikash; Daganzo, Carlos; Cassidy, Michael
Using Radial Basis Functions to Approximate Battery Differential Capacity and Differential Voltage
As part of the Department of Energy�s Applied Battery Research Program, lithium-ion cells of various sizes and chemistries are aged with periodic reference performance tests to ascertain degradation rates. The reference tests included a very slow discharge and charge based on a constant current equal to 1/25th of the rated capacity to elucidate the true electrochemical capacity of the cell. A differential analysis of these data helps to identify the individual kinetic and thermodynamic contributions of the anode and cathode. However, differential curves are very noisy, and previous smoothing methods included simple data reduction and moving averages. This paper introduces an alternative method of finding the differential voltage and differential capacity curves based on radial basis functions. The voltage profile is fit with a number of Gaussian curves, and the resulting model is differentiated. This approach also has the added advantage of assessing model uncertainty based on a bootstrap analysis. The radial basis function method was successfully applied to various lithium-ion chemistries tested under the Applied Battery Research Program. The resulting differential capacity and differential voltage curves were generally smoother than the corresponding curves found by previous methods and also showed little variance, indicating a good model fit. These results imply that the radial basis function technique is a more robust tool for assessing differential data.
Jon P. Christophersen; Steven R. Shaw
Inelastic hosts as electrodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries Kejie Zhao, Matt Pharr, Joost J. Vlassak, and Zhigang Suoa
Inelastic hosts as electrodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries Kejie Zhao, Matt Pharr, Joost for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Upon absorbing lithium, silicon swells several times its volume strength. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3525990 Lithium-ion batteries
Batteries - Home
Advanced Battery Research, Development, and Testing Advanced Battery Research, Development, and Testing Argonne's Research Argonne plays a major role in the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) energy storage program within its Office of Vehicle Technologies. Activities include: Developing advanced anode and cathode materials under DOE's longer term exploratory R&D program Leading DOE's applied R&D program focused on improving lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery technology for use in transportation applications Developing higher capacity electrode materials and electrolyte systems that will increase the energy density of lithium batteries for extended electric range PHEV applications Conducting independent performance and life tests on other advanced (Li-Ion, Ni-MH, Pb-Acid) batteries. Argonne's R&D focus is on advanced lithium battery technologies to meet the energy storage needs of the light-duty vehicle market.
A channel selection method to increase wireless sensor battery life
In most of wireless sensor networks a single externally-powered coordinator collects data from several battery-powered nodes using a simple star topology. This paper presents an innovative approach, based on an adaptive channel selection method, to reduce ... Keywords: RF power measurement, RSSI, low-power system, power aware protocols, wireless sensor network
A. Flammini; E. Sisinni; D. Marioli; A. Taroni
Innovative copper-tin electrodes provide improved capacity and cycle life for lithium-ion batteries
lithium-ion batteries have become the battery of choice for everything from cell phones to electric cars, but there is still much room for ...
Automating Personalized Battery Management on Smartphones
get the new available battery capacity that can be assignedof expected lifetime of 1% battery capacity in minutes. Forof energy supply (battery capacity) and demand on cell
Falaki, Mohamamd Hossein
The use of filtered bags to increase waste payload capacity
For the past few years, the Department of Energy has favored the direct disposal of low plutonium content residue materials from Rocky Flats rather than engage in expensive and time consuming plutonium recovery operations. One impediment to direct disposal has been the wattage limit imposed by the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant on hydrogenous materials such as combustibles and sludges. The issue of concern is the radiolytic generation and accumulation of hydrogen and other explosive gases in waste containers. The wattage limits that existed through 1996 restricted the amount of plutonium bearing hydrogenous materials that could be packaged in a WIPP bound waste drum to only a fraction of the capacity of a drum. Typically, only about one kilogram of combustible residue could be packaged in a waste drum before the wattage limit was exceeded resulting in an excessively large number of drums to be procured, stored, shipped, and interred. The Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site has initiated the use of filtered plastic bags (called bag-out bags) used to remove transuranic waste materials from glove box lines. The bags contain small, disk like HEPA filters which are effective in containing radioactively contaminated particulate material but allow for the diffusion of hydrogen gas. Used in conjunction with filtered 55 gallon drums, filtered bag-out bags were pursued as a means to increase the allowable wattage limits for selected residue materials. In February 1997, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved the use of filtered bag-out bags for transuranic waste materials destined for WIPP. The concomitant increase in wattage limits now allows for approximately four times the payload per waste drum for wattage limited materials.
Dustin, D.F.; Thorp, D.T. [Safe Sites of Colorado, Golden, CO (United States); Rivera, M.A. [Los Alamos Technical Associates, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Does More international transmission capacity increase competition in the Belgian electricity market?
From a national market perspective, taking transmission capacity into account reduces current concentration measures, although they remain fairly high even after substantial capacity increases. From an international perspective, a more efficient use of current transmission capacity by coupling regional markets can increase competition. That suggests it may not be appropriate to assess market concentration using national market shares. (author)
Kuepper, Gerd; Delarue, Erik; Delvaux, Bram; Meeus, Leonardo; Bekaert, David; Willems, Bert; Proost, Stef; D'haeseleer, William; Deketelaere, Kurt; Belmans, Ronnie
Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure investment for reducing US gasoline consumption
Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure online 22 October 2012 Keywords: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Charging infrastructure Battery size a b for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as alternate methods to reduce gasoline consumption for cars, trucks
McGaughey, Alan
Increasing wind capacity requires new approaches to electricity ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Electric power generation from wind is increasing rapidly in the United States. Wind power is attractive for its lack of emissions and low operating costs, but its ...
Uprates can increase U.S. nuclear capacity substantially without ...
The electrical output of the nuclear power plant fleet can be increased either by constructing new plants or by 'uprating' operating plants.
By Thomas S. Jones Manganese (Mn) is essential to iron and silicomanganese increased about 7%. consisted of, in tons, natural battery-grade ore,
about 7%. consisted of, in tons, natural battery-grade ore, steel production by virtue of its sulfur aluminum alloys and is used in oxide form in dry cell batteries. The overall level and nature of manganese consumption in batteries was denoted by the expansion on schedule of domestic capacity for production
Torgersen, Christian
Nanosheet-structured LiV3O8 with high capacity and excellent stability for high energy lithium batteries
Highly stable LiV3O8 with a nanosheet-structure was successfully prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer in the precursor solution as the structure modifying agent, followed by calcination in air at 400oC, 450oC, 500oC, and 550oC. These materials provide the best electrochemical performance ever reported for LiV3O8 crystalline electrodes, with a specific discharge capacity of 260 mAh g-1 and no capacity fading over 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1. The excellent cyclic stability and high specific discharge capacity of the material are attributed to the novel nanosheets structure formed in LiV3O8. These LiV3O8 nanosheets are good candidates for cathode materials for high-energy lithium battery applications.
Pan, Anqiang; Zhang, Jiguang; Cao, Guozhong; Liang, Shu-quan; Wang, Chong M.; Nie, Zimin; Arey, Bruce W.; Xu, Wu; Liu, Dawei; Xiao, Jie; Li, Guosheng; Liu, Jun
Improved Positive Electrode Materials for Li-ion Batteries
could double Chevy Volt battery capacity. � http://could-double-chevy-volt-battery-capacity/chevy-volt3-4/; �Volt�s Battery Capacity Could Double. � http://
Conry, Thomas Edward
Novel Electrode Material Offers Alternative for Li-ion Batteries
Jun 10, 2013 ... Further increasing the capacity of lithium-ion batteries could enable laptops to work longer and electric cars to drive farther, among many�...
EA-1044: Melton Valley Storage Tanks Capacity Increase Project- Oak Ridge
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
44: Melton Valley Storage Tanks Capacity Increase Project- Oak 44: Melton Valley Storage Tanks Capacity Increase Project- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee EA-1044: Melton Valley Storage Tanks Capacity Increase Project- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee SUMMARY This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of the proposal to construct and maintain additional storage capacity at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for liquid low-level radioactive waste. PUBLIC COMMENT OPPORTUNITIES None available at this time. DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD May 25, 1995 EA-1044: Finding of No Significant Impact Melton Valley Storage Tanks Capacity Increase Project- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee May 25, 1995 EA-1044: Final Environmental Assessment
Effect of electrode density on cycle performance and irreversible capacity loss for natural graphite anode in lithium ion batteries
The effect of electrode thickness and density for unpressed and pressed natural graphite electrodes were studied using electrochemical characterization. Pressing the graphite electrode decreases the reversible capacity and the irreversible capacity loss during formation. As electrode density increased, the capacity retention at high rate increased until 0.9g/cm{sup 3}, and then decreased. The cycle performances of the pressed graphite electrodes were more stable than the unpressed one. Pressing graphite electrode affected on its electrochemical characterization such as irreversible capacity loss, high rate cycling and cycle performance.
Shim, Joongpyo; Striebel, Kathryn A.
Block copolymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
in the energy equation, battery capacity, is defined as theperformance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion batteryof large-capacity lithium- ion battery systems. With new
Hudson, William Rodgers
New Developments in Battery Chargers
Abstract: Electronic equipment is increasingly becoming smaller, lighter, and more functional, thanks to the push of technological advancements and the pull from customer demand. The result of these demands has been rapid advances in battery technology and in the associated circuitry for battery charging and protection. For many years, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries have been the standard for small electronic systems. A few larger systems, such as laptop computers and high-power radios, operated on "gel-cell " lead-acid batteries. Eventually, the combined effects of environmental problems and increased demand on the batteries led to the development of new battery technologies: nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), rechargeable alkaline, lithium ion (Li+), and lithium polymer. These new battery technologies require more sophisticated charging and protection circuitry to maximize performance and ensure safety. NiCd and NiMH Batteries NiCd has long been the preferred technology for rechargeable batteries in portable electronic equipment, and in some ways, NiCd batteries still outperform the newer technologies. NiCd batteries have less capacity than Li+ or NiMH types, but their low impedance is attractive in applications that require high current for short periods. Power tools, for example, will continue to use NiCd battery packs indefinitely.
unknown authors
installed over 1.5 MW of rooftop PV [2]. These systems generate value primarily through the energy produced and the intermittent nature of the solar resource create challenges to realizing the capacity value of PV installations
Perez, Richard R.
Are Batteries Ready for Plug-in Hybrid Buyers?
portion of the battery�s total energy capacity is used�knownelectricity from a battery which�(i) has a capacity of notassumed battery mass. Second, energy capacity requirements
Axsen, Jonn; Burke, Andy; Kurani, Kenneth S
First-Principles Study of Novel Conversion Reactions for High-Capacity Li-Ion Battery Anodes in the Li-Mg-B-N-H System
Anodes for Li-ion batteries are primarily carbon-based due to their low cost and long cycle life. However, improvements to the Li capacity of carbon anodes, LiC{sub 6} in particular, are necessary to obtain a larger energy density. State-of-the-art light-metal hydrides for hydrogen storage applications often contain Li and involve reactions requiring Li transport, and light-metal ionic hydrides are candidates for novel conversion materials. Given a set of known solid-state and gas-phase reactants, we have determined the phase diagram in the Li-Mg-B-N-H system in the grand canonical ensemble, as a function of lithium chemical potential. We present computational results for several new conversion reactions with capacities between 2400 and 4000 mAh g{sup -1} that are thermodynamically favorable and that do not involve gas evolution. We provide experimental evidence for the reaction pathway on delithiation for the compound Li{sub 4}BN{sub 3}H{sub 10}. While the predicted reactions involve multiple steps, the maximum volume increase for these materials on lithium insertion is significantly smaller than that for Si.
Mason, T.H.; Graetz, J.; Liu, X.; Hong, J.; Majzoub, E.H.
Attempting clairvoyance with battery performance
The light-weight, long-lasting, high-performance attributes of cellular phones and laptop computers, among other equally impressive portable devices currently in the marketplace, are responsible for igniting the overwhelming growth of the battery-powered electronics industry. The demand for smaller and longer lasting solutions, in fact, is only increasing, and key to this success is the battery, which can range from single-use alkaline and zinc-air to rechargeable nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion, and lithium-polymer technologies. Unfortunately, however, advancements in circuit and system integration have outpaced energy and power density improvements in the battery. Consequently, as batteries conform to the size constraints of portable applications, capacity and output power are necessarily compromised. Degradation in battery performance over time not only affects functionality but also operational life, proving inadequate the traditional assumption that the battery is an ideal voltage source. Including the effects of the battery on state-of-theart systems during the design phase is therefore of increasing importance for optimal life and performance. The problem is securing a suitable Cadence-compatible model. Battery Models State-of-the-art electrical models for batteries are either Thevenin-, impedance-, or runtime-based. Thevenin- and impedance-based models, shown in Figures 1(a)-(b), assume both open-circuit voltage and capacity or state-of-charge (SOC) are constant and approximate loading and ac/transient effects with an impedance network of passive devices for
A. Rinc�n-mora; Min Chen
Portable battery powered system
In a exemplary embodiment, a battery conditioning system monitors battery conditioning and includes a memory for storing data based thereon; for example, data may be stored representative of available battery capacity as measured during a deep discharge cycle. With a microprocessor monitoring battery operation of a portable unit, a measure of remaining battery capacity can be calculated and displayed. Where the microprocessor is permanently secured to the battery so as to receive operating power therefrom during storage and handling, the performance of a given battery in actual use can be accurately judged since the battery system can itself maintain a count of accumulated hours of use and other relevant parameters.
Koenck, S. E.
Black Conductive Titanium Oxide High-Capacity Materials for Battery Electrodes
Stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) is one of the most widely studied transitionmetal oxides because of its many potential applications in photoelectrochemical systems, such as dye-sensitized TiO{sub 2} electrodes for photovoltaic solar cells, and water-splitting catalysts for hydrogen generation, and in environmental purification for creating or degrading specific compounds. However, TiO{sub 2} has a wide bandgap and high electrical resistivity, which limits its use as an electrode. A set of non-stoichiometric titanium oxides called the Magneli phases, having a general formula of Ti{sub n}O{sub 2n-1} with n between 4 and 10, exhibits lower bandgaps and resistivities, with the highest electrical conductivities reported for Ti{sub 4}O{sub 7}. These phases have been formulated under different conditions, but in all reported cases the resulting oxides have minimum grain sizes on the order of micrometers, regardless of the size of the starting titanium compounds. In this method, nanoparticles of TiO{sub 2} or hydrogen titanates are first coated with carbon using either wet or dry chemistry methods. During this process the size and shape of the nanoparticles are 'locked in.' Subsequently the carbon-coated nanoparticles are heated. This results in the transformation of the original TiO{sub 2} or hydrogen titanates to Magneli phases without coarsening, so that the original size and shape of the nanoparticles are maintained to a precise degree. People who work on batteries, fuel cells, ultracapacitors, electrosynthesis cells, electro-chemical devices, and soil remediation have applications that could benefit from using nanoscale Magneli phases of titanium oxide. Application of these electrode materials may not be limited to substitution for TiO{sub 2} electrodes. Combining the robustness and photosensitivity of TiO{sub 2} with higher electrical conductivity may result in a general electrode material.
Han, W.
High-Capacity Micrometer-Sized Li2S Particles as Cathode Materials for Advanced Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-Ion Batteries Yuan Yang, Guangyuan Zheng, Sumohan Misra,§ Johanna Nelson,§ Michael F. Toney as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy. INTRODUCTION Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronics and are promising
Cui, Yi
Hydrogen-Bromine Flow Battery: Hydrogen Bromine Flow Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage
GRIDS Project: LBNL is designing a flow battery for grid storage that relies on a hydrogen-bromine chemistry which could be more efficient, last longer and cost less than today�s lead-acid batteries. Flow batteries are fundamentally different from traditional lead-acid batteries because the chemical reactants that provide their energy are stored in external tanks instead of inside the battery. A flow battery can provide more energy because all that is required to increase its storage capacity is to increase the size of the external tanks. The hydrogen-bromine reactants used by LBNL in its flow battery are inexpensive, long lasting, and provide power quickly. The cost of the design could be well below $100 per kilowatt hour, which would rival conventional grid-scale battery technologies.
Development of the Zinc-Chloride Battery for Utility Applications
This report reviews progress in Phase 2 (April 1978-March 1980) of a program to develop the zinc-chloride battery for utility load-leveling applications. Tasks in this phase included refurbishment of a 45-kWh module to increase capacity and efficiency, cycle testing of a 1.7-kWh battery, and development of a 50-kWh module to serve as the building block for the 4-MWh battery for the Battery Energy Test Facility.
Improved Battery Pack Thermal Management to Reduce Cost and Increase Energy Density: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-499
Under this CRADA NREL will support Creare's project for the Department of Energy entitled 'Improved Battery Pack Thermal Management to Reduce Cost and Increase Energy Density' which involves the development of an air-flow based cooling product that increases energy density, safety, and reliability of hybrid electric vehicle battery packs.
Smith, K.
Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): Goals and the State of Technology circa 2008
in a battery to the battery�s maximum capacity. Total Energyversion of the battery, with total energy capacity of (0.057Mass Battery �Goals� kW Peak Power kWh Energy Capacity years
as cathode materials for lithium ion battery. ElectrochimicaCapacity, High Rate Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes Utilizinghours. 1.4 Lithium Ion Batteries Lithium battery technology
Wilcox, James D.
Surface Modification Agents Increase Safety, Security of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Argonne National Laboratory has developed a process to modify the surface of the active material used in lithium-ion batteries. The modification agent can be a silane, an organometallic compound, or a mixture of two or more of such compounds. Both ...
Manufacturer: Panasonic Battery Type: ...
Battery Specifi cations Manufacturer: Panasonic Battery Type: Nickel Metal Hydride Rated Capacity: 5.5 Ahr Rated Power: Not Available Nominal Pack Voltage: 158.4 VDC Nominal Cell...
Amorphous Hierarchical Porous GeOx as High-Capacity Anodes for LiIon Batteries with Very Long Cycling Life
Many researchers have focused in recent years on resolving the crucial problem of capacity fading in Li ion batteries when carbon anodes are replaced by other group-IV elements (Si, Ge, Sn) with much higher capacities. Some progress was achieved by using different nanostructures (mainly carbon coatings), with which the cycle numbers reached 100-200. However, obtaining longer stability via a simple process remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that a nanostructure of amorphous hierarchical porous GeO{sub x} whose primary particles are {approx}3.7 nm diameter has a very stable capacity of {approx}1250 mA h g{sup -1} for 600 cycles. Furthermore, we show that a full cell coupled with a Li(NiCoMn){sub 1/3}O{sub 2} cathode exhibits high performance.
Wang, X.L.; Han, W.-Q.; Chen, H.; Bai, J.; Tyson, T.A.; Yu, X.-Q.; Wang, X.-J.; Yang, X.-Q.
The Potential of Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles as Grid Resources: the Case of a Gas and Petroleum Oriented Elecricity Generation System
than the vehicle�s battery capacity will allow. Previousowner selling vehicle battery capacity into the market forusing an EDV�s battery and electronics capacity in segments
Greer, Mark R
Three-dimensional batteries using a liquid cathode
of 100mM LiS 12 battery Capacity loss due to coulombicof 0.899 cm �2 . All battery capacity and energy densitycathode. 56 This battery displays capacities of 8.93 mA�h�
Malati, Peter Moneir
Battery cell feedthrough apparatus
A compact, hermetic feedthrough apparatus comprising interfitting sleeve portions constructed of chemically-stable materials to permit unique battery designs and increase battery life and performance.
Kaun, Thomas D. (New Lenox, IL)
Increasing the capacity of the Tory II-C Side Support System
The Tory II-C lateral suspension has been designed for 4 g`s of lateral acceleration of the duct. Calculations and model tests indicate that this requirement has been met or exceeded. In order to have a more realistic model to test, Tory II-C springs are going to be fitted around the full scale core slice which was previously built up. Instrumented accelerations of this assembly should give the most direct demonstration that is possible of the response of the system to flight. This memorandum discusses, knowing the capabilities of the present system, the design changes necessary to suit different maximum accelerations by increasing the capacity of the Tory II-C side support system.
Platt, E. A.; Smiley, P.
Battery construction. [miniaturized batteries
A description is given of a battery having a battery cup and a battery cap which has a ridge portion to provide a battery chamber for accommodating a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The battery chamber has a contour at its outer periphery different from that of the sealing flanges of the battery cup and the battery cap. 11 figures.
Nishimura, H.; Nomura, Y.
In an exemplary embodiment, a battery monitoring system includes sensors for monitoring battery parameters and a memory for storing data based thereon; for example, data may be stored representative of available battery capacity as measured during a deep discharge cycle, and by monitoring battery current thereafter during operation, a relatively accurate measure of remaining battery capacity becomes available. The battery monitoring system may include programmed processor circuitry and may be secured to the battery so as to receive operating power therefrom during storage and handling; thus, the performance of a given battery in actual use can be accurately judged since the battery system can itself maintain a count of accumulated hours of use and other relevant parameters.
Koenck, S.E.
Batteries - HEV Batteries
and component levels. A very detailed battery design model is used to establish these costs for different Li-Ion battery chemistries. The battery design model considers the...
Second use of transportation batteries: Maximizing the value of batteries for transportation and grid services
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to gain significant market share over the next decade. The economic viability for such vehicles is contingent upon the availability of cost-effective batteries with high power and energy density. For initial commercial success, government subsidies will be highly instrumental in allowing PHEVs to gain a foothold. However, in the long-term, for electric vehicles to be commercially viable, the economics have to be self-sustaining. Towards the end of battery life in the vehicle, the energy capacity left in the battery is not sufficient to provide the designed range for the vehicle. Typically, the automotive manufacturers indicated the need for battery replacement when the remaining energy capacity reaches 70-80%. There is still sufficient power (kW) and energy capacity (kWh) left in the battery to support various grid ancillary services such as balancing, spinning reserve, load following services. As renewable energy penetration increases, the need for such balancing services is expected to increase. This work explores optimality for the replacement of transportation batteries to be subsequently used for grid services. This analysis maximizes the value of an electric vehicle battery to be used as a transportation battery (in its first life) and then as a resource for providing grid services (in its second life). The results are presented across a range of key parameters, such as depth of discharge (DOD), number of batteries used over the life of the vehicle, battery life in vehicle, battery state of health (SOH) at end of life in vehicle and ancillary services rate. The results provide valuable insights for the automotive industry into maximizing the utility and the value of the vehicle batteries in an effort to either reduce the selling price of EVs and PHEVs or maximize the profitability of the emerging electrification of transportation.
Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Kintner-Meyer, Michael CW
Defective graphene as promising anode material for Na-ion battery and Ca-ion battery
We have investigated adsorption of Na and Ca on graphene with divacancy (DV) and Stone-Wales (SW) defect. Our results show that adsorption is not possible on pristine graphene. However, their adsorption on defective sheet is energetically favorable. The enhanced adsorption can be attributed to the increased charge transfer between adatoms and underlying defective sheet. With the increase in defect density until certain possible limit, maximum percentage of adsorption also increases giving higher battery capacity. For maximum possible DV defect, we can achieve maximum capacity of 1459 mAh/g for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and 2900 mAh/g for Ca-ion batteries (CIBs). For graphene full of SW defect, we find the maximum capacity of NIBs and CIBs is around 1071 mAh/g and 2142 mAh/g respectively. Our results will help create better anode materials with much higher capacity and better cycling performance for NIBs and CIBs.
Datta, Dibakar; Shenoy, Vivek B
Vehicle-to-Grid Power: Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power in California
32 B.1 Electrical power capacity: BatteryB.1 Electrical power capacity: Battery EDVs For the battery-and/or generation capacity of battery, hybrid and fuel cell
Kempton, Willett; Tomic, Jasna; Letendre, Steven; Brooks, Alec; Lipman, Timothy
Circulating current battery heater
A circuit for heating energy storage devices such as batteries is provided. The circuit includes a pair of switches connected in a half-bridge configuration. Unidirectional current conduction devices are connected in parallel with each switch. A series resonant element for storing energy is connected from the energy storage device to the pair of switches. An energy storage device for intermediate storage of energy is connected in a loop with the series resonant element and one of the switches. The energy storage device which is being heated is connected in a loop with the series resonant element and the other switch. Energy from the heated energy storage device is transferred to the switched network and then recirculated back to the battery. The flow of energy through the battery causes internal power dissipation due to electrical to chemical conversion inefficiencies. The dissipated power causes the internal temperature of the battery to increase. Higher internal temperatures expand the cold temperature operating range and energy capacity utilization of the battery. As disclosed, either fixed frequency or variable frequency modulation schemes may be used to control the network.
Ashtiani, Cyrus N. (West Bloomfield, MI); Stuart, Thomas A. (Toledo, OH)
Battery separators: Past, present and future
The separator is an essential component of state of the art battery technology. It not only must meet the essential function as a current insulator to the electrodes of different polarity, but must also meet the requirements demanded by the steadily changing manufacturing technology. Improved battery energy density, higher reserve capacity and cold cranking performance as well as increased battery productivity have required changes in separators which will be addressed in this presentation. Some of the more important separator characteristics are discussed as well as separator market.
Strzempko, S.J.; Choi, W.M. [Grace Battery Separators, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Battery discharge characteristics of wireless sensor nodes: An experimental analysis
Abstract � Battery life extension is the principal driver for energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) design. However, there is growing awareness that in order to truly maximize the operating life of battery-powered systems such as sensor nodes, it is important to discharge the battery in a manner that maximizes the amount of charge extracted from it. In spite of this, there is little published data that quantitatively analyzes the effectiveness with which modern wireless sensor nodes discharge their batteries, under different operating conditions. In this paper, we report on systematic experiments that we conducted to quantify the impact of key wireless sensor network design and environmental parameters on battery performance. Our testbed consists of MICA2DOT Motes, a commercial lithiumcoin battery, and a suite of techniques for measuring battery performance. We evaluate the extent to which known electrochemical phenomena, such as rate-capacity characteristics, charge recovery and thermal effects, can play a role in governing the selection of key WSN design parameters such as power levels, packet sizes, etc. We demonstrate that battery characteristics significantly alter and complicate otherwise well-understood trade-offs in WSN design. In particular, we analyze the non-trivial implications of battery characteristics on WSN power control strategies, and find that a battery-aware approach to power level selection leads to a 52 % increase in battery efficiency. We expect our results to serve as a quantitative basis for future research in designing battery-efficient sensing applications and protocols. I.
Chulsung Park; Kanishka Lahiri
Performance, Charging, and Second-use Considerations for Lithium Batteries for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
defined as when the battery capacity decreases by 20% fromdiscern a decrease in battery capacity (decrease in range)capacity. The test results, which are summarized in Table 7, indicate that both battery
Burke, Andrew
Flexographically Printed Rechargeable Zinc-based Battery for Grid Energy Storage
Sulfur Battery Cathode Material with High Capacity andto use the same battery type with equal capacity, as well asto 3.6V, and the capacity of the battery quickly stabilizes
Wang, Zuoqian
Electric Vehicle Battery Testing: It's Hot Stuff! | Department of Energy
Electric Vehicle Battery Testing: It's Hot Stuff! Electric Vehicle Battery Testing: It's Hot Stuff! Electric Vehicle Battery Testing: It's Hot Stuff! May 26, 2011 - 2:45pm Addthis NREL's Large-Volume Battery Calorimeter has the highest-capacity chamber in the world for testing of this kind. From bottom clockwise:NREL researchers Matthew Keyser, Dirk Long & John Ireland | Photo Courtesy of Dennis Schroeder NREL's Large-Volume Battery Calorimeter has the highest-capacity chamber in the world for testing of this kind. From bottom clockwise:NREL researchers Matthew Keyser, Dirk Long & John Ireland | Photo Courtesy of Dennis Schroeder Sarah LaMonaca Communications Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy What does this mean for me? Increased performance and travel distance in future hybrid and
Feature - Lithium-air Batteries
Develop Lithium-Air Battery Li-air Li-air batteries hold the promise of increasing the energy density of Li-ion batteries by as much as five to 10 times. But that potential will...
Today in Energy - Uprates can increase U.S. nuclear capacity ...
Energy Information Administration ... Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies ... Stretch uprates increase electrical output by 3% to ...
A simulation study to increase the capacity of a rusk production line
This study was conducted in a food processing company on its Rusk production line. The goal of the study was to increase the production rate of the line to meet the continuously increasing demand on its product within the existing limited space in the ... Keywords: business process reengineering, food processing, production planning, productivity, simulation models
Seraj Yousef Abed
Battery Types
...and rechargeable batteries (Table 1A battery consists of a negative electrode (anode) from which electrons
A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries
A Better Anode Design to Improve A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print Friday, 23 March 2012 13:53 Lithium-ion batteries are in smart phones, laptops, most other consumer electronics, and the newest electric cars. Good as these batteries are, the need for energy storage in batteries is surpassing current technologies. In a lithium-ion battery, charge moves from the cathode to the anode, a critical component for storing energy. A team of Berkeley Lab scientists has designed a new kind of anode that absorbs eight times the lithium of current designs, and has maintained its greatly increased energy capacity after more than a year of testing and many hundreds of charge-discharge cycles. Cyclical Science Succeeds
Molten Air -- A new, highest energy class of rechargeable batteries
This study introduces the principles of a new class of batteries, rechargeable molten air batteries, and several battery chemistry examples are demonstrated. The new battery class uses a molten electrolyte, are quasi reversible, and have amongst the highest intrinsic battery electric energy storage capacities. Three examples of the new batteries are demonstrated. These are the iron, carbon and VB2 molten air batteries with respective intrinsic volumetric energy capacities of 10,000, 19,000 and 27,000 Wh per liter.
Licht, Stuart
A compact, hermetic feedthrough apparatus is described comprising interfitting sleeve portions constructed of chemically-stable materials to permit unique battery designs and increase battery life and performance. 8 figs.
Kaun, T.D.
Battery conditioning system having communication with battery parameter memory means in conjunction with battery conditioning
In an exemplary embodiment, a battery conditioning system monitors battery conditioning and includes a memory for storing data based thereon; for example, data may be stored representative of available battery capacity as measured during a deep discharge cycle. With a microprocessor monitoring battery operation of a portable unit, a measure of remaining battery capacity can be calculated and displayed. Where the microprocessor and battery conditioning system memory are permanently secured to the battery so as to receive operating power therefrom during storage and handling, the performance of a given battery in actual use can be accurately judged since the battery system can itself maintain a count of accumulated hours of use and other relevant parameters. In the case of a non-portable conditioning system, two-way communication may be established with a memory associated with the portable unit so that the portable unit can transmit to the conditioning system information concerning battery parameters (e.g. rated battery capacity) and/or battery usage (e.g. numbers of shallow discharge and recharge cycles), and after a conditioning operation, the conditioning system can transmit to the portable unit a measured value of battery capacity, for example. 27 figs.
Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for ...
Mar 6, 2013 ... Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for ... to control capacity loss and enhance energy efficiency of lithium-ion batteries.
Semi-Solid Flowable Battery Electrodes: Semi-Solid Flow Cells for Automotive and Grid-Level Energy Storage
BEEST Project: Scientists at 24M are crossing a Li-Ion battery with a fuel cell to develop a semi-solid flow battery. This system relies on some of the same basic chemistry as a standard Li-Ion battery, but in a flow battery the energy storage material is held in external tanks, so storage capacity is not limited by the size of the battery itself. The design makes it easier to add storage capacity by simply increasing the size of the tanks and adding more paste. In addition, 24M's design also is able to extract more energy from the semi-solid paste than conventional Li-Ion batteries. This creates a cost-effective, energy-dense battery that can improve the driving range of EVs or be used to store energy on the electric grid.
Precoding by Pairing Subchannels to Increase MIMO Capacity With Discrete Input Alphabets
Abstract�We consider Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with discrete input alphabets. We propose a nondiagonal precoder based on the X-Codes in [1] to increase the mutual information. The MIMO channel is transformed into a set of parallel subchannels using singular value decomposition (SVD) and X-Codes are then used to pair the subchannels. X-Codes are fully characterized by the pairings and a 2 2 2 real rotation matrix for each pair (parameterized with a single angle). This precoding structure enables us to express the total mutual information as a sum of the mutual information of all the pairs. The problem of finding the optimal precoder with the above structure, which maximizes the total mutual information, is solved by: i) optimizing the rotation angle and the power allocation within each pair and ii) finding the optimal pairing and power allocation among the pairs. It is shown that the mutual information achieved with the proposed pairing scheme is very close to that achieved with the optimal precoder by Cruz et al., and is significantly better than Mercury/waterfilling strategy by Lozano et al. Our approach greatly simplifies both the precoder optimization and the detection complexity, making it suitable for practical applications. Index Terms�Condition number, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), mutual information, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), precoding, singular value decomposition (SVD). I.
Saif Khan Mohammed; Emanuele Viterbo; Yi Hong; Senior Member; Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam; Senior Member
Battery chargers
A battery charger designed to be installed in a vehicle, and while utilizing a portion of this vehicle's electrical system, can be used to charge another vehicle's battery or batteries. This battery charger has a polarity sensor, and when properly connected to an external battery will automatically switch away from charging the internal battery to charging the external battery or batteries. And, when disconnected from the external battery or batteries will automatically switch back to charging the internal battery, thus making it an automatic vehicle to vehicle battery charger.
Winkler, H.L.
Batteries: Overview of Battery Cathodes
a graphite-free lithium ion battery can be built, usingK (1990) Lithium Ion Rechargeable Battery. Prog. Batteriesion battery configurations, as all of the cycleable lithium
Doeff, Marca M
Battery aware dynamic scheduling for periodic task graphs
Battery lifetime, a primary design constraint for mobile embedded systems, has been shown to depend heavily on the load current profile. This paper explores how scheduling guidelines from battery models can help in extending battery capacity. It then ...
Venkat Rao; Nicolas Navet; Gaurav Singhal; Anshul Kumar; G. S. Visweswaran
Learning policies for battery usage optimization in electric vehicles
The high cost, limited capacity, and long recharge time of batteries pose a number of obstacles for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Multi-battery systems that combine a standard battery with supercapacitors are currently one of the most ...
Stefano Ermon; Yexiang Xue; Carla Gomes; Bart Selman
Improvement of Thermal Stability of Li-Ion Batteries by Polymer Coating of LiMn2O4
lithium-ion battery by arresting the Mn + dissolution, thereby increasing the battery stability. Key Words: Lithium Battery, Cathode,
Stroeve, Pieter; Vidu, Ruxandra
Battery Maintenance
... Cranking batteries are not appropriate for extended use since disharging the battery deeply can rapidly destroy the thin plates. ...
Challenges in Future Li-Battery Research. Phil Trans. RoyalBatteries: Overview of Battery Cathodes Marca M. Doeffduring cell discharge. Battery-a device consisting of one or
Fact Sheet: Sodium-Beta Batteries (October 2012)
Sodium-Beta Batteries Sodium-Beta Batteries Improving the performance and reducing the cost of sodium-beta batteries for large-scale energy storage Sodium-beta batteries (Na-beta batteries or NBBs) use a solid beta-alumina (ß˝-Al 2 O 3 ) electrolyte membrane that selectively allows sodium ion transport between a positive electrode (e.g., a metal halide) and a negative sodium electrode. NBBs typically operate at temperatures near 350˚C. They are increasingly used in renewable storage and utility applications due to their high round-trip efficiency, high energy densities, and energy storage capacities ranging from a few kilowatt-hours to multiple megawatt-hours. In fact, U.S. utilities
The very high theoretical capacity of lithium (3829 mAh/g) provided a compelling rationale from the 1970's onward for development of rechargeable batteries employing the elemental metal as an anode. The realization that some transition metal compounds undergo reductive lithium intercalation reactions reversibly allowed use of these materials as cathodes in these devices, most notably, TiS{sub 2}. Another intercalation compound, LiCoO{sub 2}, was described shortly thereafter but, because it was produced in the discharged state, was not considered to be of interest by battery companies at the time. Due to difficulties with the rechargeability of lithium and related safety concerns, however, alternative anodes were sought. The graphite intercalation compound (GIC) LiC{sub 6} was considered an attractive candidate but the high reactivity with commonly used electrolytic solutions containing organic solvents was recognized as a significant impediment to its use. The development of electrolytes that allowed the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on surfaces of the carbon particles was a breakthrough that enabled commercialization of Li-ion batteries. In 1990, Sony announced the first commercial batteries based on a dual Li ion intercalation system. These devices are assembled in the discharged state, so that it is convenient to employ a prelithiated cathode such as LiCoO{sub 2} with the commonly used graphite anode. After charging, the batteries are ready to power devices. The practical realization of high energy density Li-ion batteries revolutionized the portable electronics industry, as evidenced by the widespread market penetration of mobile phones, laptop computers, digital music players, and other lightweight devices since the early 1990s. In 2009, worldwide sales of Li-ion batteries for these applications alone were US$ 7 billion. Furthermore, their performance characteristics (Figure 1) make them attractive for traction applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicles (EVs); a market predicted to be potentially ten times greater than that of consumer electronics. In fact, only Liion batteries can meet the requirements for PHEVs as set by the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), although they still fall slightly short of EV goals. In the case of Li-ion batteries, the trade-off between power and energy shown in Figure 1 is a function both of device design and the electrode materials that are used. Thus, a high power battery (e.g., one intended for an HEV) will not necessarily contain the same electrode materials as one designed for high energy (i.e., for an EV). As is shown in Figure 1, power translates into acceleration, and energy into range, or miles traveled, for vehicular uses. Furthermore, performance, cost, and abuse-tolerance requirements for traction batteries differ considerably from those for consumer electronics batteries. Vehicular applications are particularly sensitive to cost; currently, Li-ion batteries are priced at about $1000/kWh, whereas the USABC goal is $150/kWh. The three most expensive components of a Li-ion battery, no matter what the configuration, are the cathode, the separator, and the electrolyte. Reduction of cost has been one of the primary driving forces for the investigation of new cathode materials to replace expensive LiCoO{sub 2}, particularly for vehicular applications. Another extremely important factor is safety under abuse conditions such as overcharge. This is particularly relevant for the large battery packs intended for vehicular uses, which are designed with multiple cells wired in series arrays. Premature failure of one cell in a string may cause others to go into overcharge during passage of current. These considerations have led to the development of several different types of cathode materials, as will be covered in the next section. Because there is not yet one ideal material that can meet requirements for all applications, research into cathodes for Li-ion batteries is, as of this
The very high theoretical capacity of lithium (3829 mAh/g) provided a compelling rationale from the 1970's onward for development of rechargeable batteries employing the elemental metal as an anode. The realization that some transition metal compounds undergo reductive lithium intercalation reactions reversibly allowed use of these materials as cathodes in these devices, most notably, TiS{sub 2}. Another intercalation compound, LiCoO{sub 2}, was described shortly thereafter but, because it was produced in the discharged state, was not considered to be of interest by battery companies at the time. Due to difficulties with the rechargeability of lithium and related safety concerns, however, alternative anodes were sought. The graphite intercalation compound (GIC) LiC{sub 6} was considered an attractive candidate but the high reactivity with commonly used electrolytic solutions containing organic solvents was recognized as a significant impediment to its use. The development of electrolytes that allowed the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on surfaces of the carbon particles was a breakthrough that enabled commercialization of Li-ion batteries. In 1990, Sony announced the first commercial batteries based on a dual Li ion intercalation system. These devices are assembled in the discharged state, so that it is convenient to employ a prelithiated cathode such as LiCoO{sub 2} with the commonly used graphite anode. After charging, the batteries are ready to power devices. The practical realization of high energy density Li-ion batteries revolutionized the portable electronics industry, as evidenced by the widespread market penetration of mobile phones, laptop computers, digital music players, and other lightweight devices since the early 1990s. In 2009, worldwide sales of Li-ion batteries for these applications alone were US$ 7 billion. Furthermore, their performance characteristics (Figure 1) make them attractive for traction applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicles (EVs); a market predicted to be potentially ten times greater than that of consumer electronics. In fact, only Liion batteries can meet the requirements for PHEVs as set by the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), although they still fall slightly short of EV goals. In the case of Li-ion batteries, the trade-off between power and energy shown in Figure 1 is a function both of device design and the electrode materials that are used. Thus, a high power battery (e.g., one intended for an HEV) will not necessarily contain the same electrode materials as one designed for high energy (i.e., for an EV). As is shown in Figure 1, power translates into acceleration, and energy into range, or miles traveled, for vehicular uses. Furthermore, performance, cost, and abuse-tolerance requirements for traction batteries differ considerably from those for consumer electronics batteries. Vehicular applications are particularly sensitive to cost; currently, Li-ion batteries are priced at about $1000/kWh, whereas the USABC goal is $150/kWh. The three most expensive components of a Li-ion battery, no matter what the configuration, are the cathode, the separator, and the electrolyte. Reduction of cost has been one of the primary driving forces for the investigation of new cathode materials to replace expensive LiCoO{sub 2}, particularly for vehicular applications. Another extremely important factor is safety under abuse conditions such as overcharge. This is particularly relevant for the large battery packs intended for vehicular uses, which are designed with multiple cells wired in series arrays. Premature failure of one cell in a string may cause others to go into overcharge during passage of current. These considerations have led to the development of several different types of cathode materials, as will be covered in the next section. Because there is not yet one ideal material that can meet requirements for all applications, research into cathodes for Li-ion batteries is, as of this writ
Battery Performance Monitoring by Internal Ohmic Measurements: Emergency Lighting Unit Batteries
Battery internal ohmic measurements offer a less expensive and technically superior alternative to the 8-hour discharge test, now required to demonstrate capacity. This report documents the initial results of internal ohmic testing on three emergency battery lighting (EBL) unit types used in nuclear power plants. In two of the three EBL unit types tested, internal ohmic measurements could replace battery capacity discharge tests.
Performance Analysis of Battery Power Management Schemes in Wireless Mobile Devices
In this paper, we analyze the performance of battery power management schemes in wireless mobile devices using a queueing theory approach. We model the battery as a server with finite service capacity and data packets as customers to be served. With an intent to exploit the recharging capability of the battery when left idle, we allow the battery to go on intentional vacations during which the battery can recharge itself. The recharge thus built up can effectively increase the number of customers served (in other words, battery life can be extended). Such improved battery life performance would, however, come at the expense of increased packet delay performance. We quantify the battery life gain versus delay performance trade-off in this approach through analysis and simulations. By considering a continuous recharge model of the battery, we derive expressions for the number of customers served and the mean delay for an M=GI=1 queueing system without and with server vacations. We show that allowing intentional vacations during busy periods helps to increase battery life, and that this approach can be beneficial when applied on traffic of delay-tolerant applications. We also propose a packet delay constrained power saving algorithm that will exploit the recharge phenomenon when packet delay constraints are imposed. I.
Balakrishna J. Prabhu; A. Chockalingam; Vinod Sharma
A Method for the Analysis of High Power Battery Designs
in that the C/3 capacity of the battery to a specified cut-battery positive and negative plates were sized to yield the measured C/3 Ah capacity.battery designs. Validation was done in terms of comparing calculated and measured values for Ah capacity
Battery system
A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells and a system configured for passing a fluid past at least a portion of the plurality of battery cells in a parallel manner.
Dougherty, Thomas J; Wood, Steven J; Trester, Dale B; Andrew, Michael G
Available Technologies: Battery Electrode Materials Based on ...
Lower cost; Durable; Compatible with lithium ... they could also be developed as lower cost electrodes for the high capacity lithium-ion batteries ...
Comparative study of a structured neural network and an extended Kalman filter for state of health determination of lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electricvehicles
State of health (SOH) determination becomes an increasingly important issue for a safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Characteristic performance parameters as capacity and resistance change over lifetime ... Keywords: Extended Kalman filter, Hybrid electric vehicle, Internal resistance estimation, Lithium-ion batteries, State of health, Structured neural networks
D. Andre, A. Nuhic, T. Soczka-Guth, D. U. Sauer
Battery Performance Monitoring by Internal Ohmic Measurements: Application Guidelines for Stationary Batteries
Battery internal ohmic measurements offer a viable method of performance monitoring for stationary batteries. Ohmic measurements have demonstrated the ability to identify degraded cells and to baseline the general health of a battery. This report presents the results of research to correlate battery capacity with internal ohmic measurements. The report provides guidelines to assist users with the implementation of this relatively new battery test technology.
Batteries | Department of Energy
Batteries Batteries Batteries A small New York City startup is hoping it has the next big solution in energy storage. A video documents what the company's breakthrough means for the future of grid-scale energy storage. Learn more. First invented by Thomas Edison, batteries have changed a lot in the past century, but there is still work to do. Improving this type of energy storage technology will have dramatic impacts on the way Americans travel and the ability to incorporate renewable energy into the nation's electric grid. On the transportation side, the Energy Department is working to reduce the costs and weight of electric vehicle batteries while increasing their energy storage and lifespan. The Department is also supports research, development and deployment of battery technologies that would allow the
Battery Model for Embedded Systems , Gaurav Singhal
Battery Model for Embedded Systems Venkat Rao , Gaurav Singhal , Anshul Kumar , Nicolas Navet.iitd.ernet.in, email@example.com Abstract This paper explores the recovery and rate capacity ef- fect for batteries used in embedded systems. It describes the prominent battery models with their advantages and draw- backs
Navet, Nicolas
Battery charger
A battery charging system for charging a battery from an ac source, including control rectifier means for rectifying the charging current, a pulse generator for triggering the rectifier to control the transmission of current to the battery, phase control means for timing the firing of the pulse generator according to the charge on the battery, and various control means for alternatively controlling the phase control means depending upon the charge on the battery; wherein current limiting means are provided for limiting the charging current according to the charge on the battery to protect the system from excessive current in the event a weak battery is being charged, a feedback circuit is provided for maintaining the charge on a battery to compensate for battery leakage, and circuitry is provided for equalizing the voltage between the respective cells of the battery.
Kisiel, E.
This patent describes a battery system for use with a battery powered device. It comprises a battery pack, the battery pack including; battery cells; positive and negative terminals serially coupled to the battery cells, the positive terminal being adapted to deliver output current to a load and receive input current in the direction of charging current; circuit means coupled to the positive and negative terminals and producing at an analog output terminal an analog output signal related to the state of charge of the battery cells; and display means separate from the battery pack and the battery powered device and electrically coupled to the analog output terminal for producing a display indicating the state of charge of the battery cells in accordance with the analog output signal.
Sokira, T.J.
Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Development of High Energy Lithium-Sulfur Cells for Electric Vehicle Applications
BEEST Project: Sion Power is developing a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, a potentially cost-effective alternative to the Li-Ion battery that could store 400% more energy per pound. All batteries have 3 key parts�a positive and negative electrode and an electrolyte�that exchange ions to store and release electricity. Using different materials for these components changes a battery�s chemistry and its ability to power a vehicle. Traditional Li-S batteries experience adverse reactions between the electrolyte and lithium-based negative electrode that ultimately limit the battery to less than 50 charge cycles. Sion Power will sandwich the lithium- and sulfur-based electrode films around a separator that protects the negative electrode and increases the number of charges the battery can complete in its lifetime. The design could eventually allow for a battery with 400% greater storage capacity per pound than Li-Ion batteries and the ability to complete more than 500 recharge cycles.
Stationery Battery Monitoring by Internal Ohmic Measurements
Battery internal ohmic measurements offer a viable method of performance monitoring for stationary batteries. These measurements have demonstrated the ability to identify degraded cells and to baseline the general health of a battery. This final report presents the results of a research effort to determine if any correlation exists between battery capacity and internal ohmic measurements. Also, the project sought to provide guidance for consistently obtaining data, using and/or evaluating the data, and a...
Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Battery Usage Lithium polymer batteries are now being widely used in hobby and UAV applications. They work
Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Battery Usage 1 Lithium polymer batteries are now being widely used in hobby nickel metal and ni-cad batteries. But with this increase in battery life come potential hazards. Use batteries with a battery charger specifically designed for lithium polymer batteries. As an example, you
Langendoen, Koen
Battery disconnect sensing circuit for battery charging systems
This patent describes a battery disconnect sensing circuit for battery charging systems which have a pair of cables adapted to be connected to a battery to charge it. The sensing circuit contains a first R-C circuit adapted to connect across the cables and a second R-C circuit adapted to connect across the cables. The time constant of the first R-C circuit is substantially greater than that of the second R-C circuit. Also means connected to the RC circuits produced a momentary control signal in response to disconnection of the cables from a battery being charged. Included in a battery charging system is a source of charging current whose voltage output is controlled at a predetermined value when connected to a battery. It increases to a higher value when disconnected from the battery. Controller means connected with the source activate the battery charging system automatically in response to electrical connection of the battery. The improvement consists of: means for momentarily effecting reversal of the higher voltage value, and battery disconnect sensing means connected the charging source and to the controller means for sensing the reversed higher voltage upon disconnection of the battery charger system from the battery and for responding by automatically deactivating the battery charging system.
Dattilo, D.P.
Hierarchical-Battery Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Hierarchical-Battery Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Ravi Musunuri Jorge A. Cobb monitoring applications. Pulsed battery discharge from the nodes prolongs the battery capacity as compared to constant discharge. Idle time between the pulses of discharge helps in recovering the discharged battery
Cobb, Jorge Arturo
A battery charger can charge a battery from a primary power source having a peak voltage exceeding the maximum battery voltage independently producible by the battery. The charger has output terminals, a switch and a feedback circuit. The output terminals are adapted for connection to the battery. The switch can periodically couple the primary power source to the output terminals to raise their voltage above the maximum battery voltage. The feedback device is responsive to the charging occuring at the terminals for limiting the current thereto by varying the duty cycle of the switch.
Chernotsky, A.; Satz, R.
State-of-Charge Estimations for Lead-Acid and Lithium-Ion Batteries.
??This thesis studies State-of-Charge (SOC) method for widely used lead-acid batteries and the most prospective lithium-ion batteries. First, the relationship between the battery capacity and� (more)
Chen, Yi-Ping
Advanced Thermo-Adsorptive Battery: Advanced Thermo-Adsorptive Battery Climate Control System
HEATS Project: MIT is developing a low-cost, compact, high-capacity, advanced thermoadsorptive battery (ATB) for effective climate control of EVs. The ATB provides both heating and cooling by taking advantage of the materials� ability to adsorb a significant amount of water. This efficient battery system design could offer up as much as a 30% increase in driving range compared to current EV climate control technology. The ATB provides high-capacity thermal storage with little-to-no electrical power consumption. The ATB is also looking to explore the possibility of shifting peak electricity loads for cooling and heating in a variety of other applications, including commercial and residential buildings, data centers, and telecom facilities.
Capacitive charging system for high power battery charging
This document describes a project to design, build, demonstrate, and document a Level 3 capacitive charging system, and it will be based on the existing PEZIC prototype capacitive coupler. The capacitive coupler will be designed to transfer power at a maximum of 600 kW, and it will transfer power by electric fields. The power electronics will transfer power at 100 kW. The coupler will be designed to function with future increases in the power electronics output power and increases in the amp/hours capacity of sealed batteries. Battery charging algorithms will be programmed into the control electronics. The finished product will be a programmable battery charging system capable of transferring 100 kW via a capacitive coupler. The coupler will have a low power loss of less than 25 watts when transferring 240 kW (400 amps). This system will increase the energy efficiency of high power battery charging, and it will enhance mobility by reducing coupler failures. The system will be completely documented. An important deliverable of this project is information. The information will be distributed to the Army`s TACOM-TARDEC`s Advanced Concept Group, and it will be distributed to commercial organizations by the Society of Automotive Engineers. The information will be valuable for product research, development, and specification. The capacitive charging system produced in this project will be of commercial value for future electric vehicles. The coupler will be designed to rapid charge batteries that have a capacity of several thousand amp/hours at hundreds of volts. The charging system built here will rapid charge batteries with several hundred amp/hours capacity, depending on the charging voltage.
Charging system for nickel-zing batteries
A source of constant current or constant power supplies charging current to a nickel-zinc battery to produce a generally S-shaped battery voltage waveform. To improve battery life, charging is terminated at the inflection point where the slope of the battery voltage changes from increasing to decreasing.
Jones, R. A.; Reoch, W. D.
Battery Only:
Battery Only: Acceleration 0-60 MPH Time: 57.8 seconds Acceleration 14 Mile Time: 27.7 seconds Acceleration 1 Mile Maximum Speed: 62.2 MPH Battery & Generator: Acceleration 0-60...
Batteries - Modeling
Battery Modeling Over the last few decades, a broad range of battery technologies have been examined at Argonne for transportation applications. Today the focus is on lithium-ion...
Battery Recycling
Jul 31, 2011 ... About this Symposium. Meeting, 2012 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Battery Recycling. Sponsorship, The Minerals, Metals�...
Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012)
Breakthrough Breakthrough Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a new sulfate (SO 4 2- ) and chloride (Cl - ) mixed solution that is used as the electrolyte. Compared to pure sulfuric acid, the new solution can hold more than 70% more vanadium ions, increasing energy storage capacity by more than 70%. The use of Cl - in the new solution also increases the operating temperature window by 83%, so the battery
Crown Ethers in Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Lithium/Air Batteries
The effects of three crown ethers, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6, as additives and co-solvents in non-aqueous electrolytes on the cell performance of primary Li/air batteries operated in a dry air environment were investigated. Crown ethers have large effects on the discharge performance of non-aqueous electrolytes in Li/air batteries. A small amount (normally less than 10% by weight or volume in electrolytes) of 12-Crown-4 and 15-crown-5 reduces the battery performance and a minimum discharge capacity appears at the crown ether content of ca. 5% in the electrolytes. However, when the content increases to about 15%, both crown ethers improve the capacity of Li/air cells by about 28% and 16%, respectively. 15-Crown-5 based electrolytes even show a maximum discharge capacity in the crown ether content range from 10% to 15%. On the other hand, the increase of 18-crown-6 amount in the electrolytes continuously lowers of the cell performance. The different battery performances of these three crown ethers in electrolytes are explained by the combined effects from the electrolytes� contact angle, oxygen solubility, viscosity, ionic conductivity, and the stability of complexes formed between crown ether molecules and lithium ions.
Xu, Wu; Xiao, Jie; Wang, Deyu; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Jiguang
Phase controlled rectifier circuit for rapidly charging batteries
An improved battery charger circuit for rapidly charging a battery by increasing the rate of battery charge acceptance through periodic battery discharge during the charging process includes a pair of first and second controlled rectifier circuits coupled to an ac source and adapted for coupling to a battery. The first controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during the charging intervals to supply the battery with charge current from the ac source. The second controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during battery discharge intervals to discharge the battery in a substantially lossless manner by conducting battery discharge current through the ac source, thus realizing a highly efficient battery charger.
Steigerwald, R. L.
Routing Protocols to Maximize Battery Efficiency
In this paper we propose a routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks whose nodes are largely battery powered. The battery capacity of the nodes is viewed as a common resource of the system and its use is to be optimized. Results from a previous study on battery management have shown that: (1) pulsed current discharge outperforms constant current discharge, (2) battery capacity can be improved by using a bursty discharge pattern due to charge recovery effects that take place during idle periods, (3) given a certain value of current drawn off the battery, higher current impulses degrade battery performance, even if the percentage of higher current impulses is relatively small. We develop a network protocol based on these findings. This protocol favors routes whose links have a low energy cost. We also distribute multihop traffic in a manner that allows all nodes a good chance to recover their battery energy reserve.
Carla F. Chiasserini; Ramesh R. Rao
lithium ion battery can be built, using LiVPO 4 F as both the anode and the cathode!ion battery configurations, as all of the cycleable lithium must originate from the cathode.
Structural Integration of Silicon Solar Cells and Lithium-ion Batteries Using Printed Electronics
lead to improvement in the capacity of a battery for UAVs.battery characteristics under mechanical static loading: charge/discharge capacitybattery characteristics under mechanical static loading: charge/discharge capacity
Kang, Jin Sung
Metal-Air Battery - Energy Innovation Portal
Partially alleviate gas accumulation and cathode consumption issues typical of primary alkaline batteries; Increases mechanical integrity; Suitable ...
High Energy Density Na-S/NiCl2 Hybrid Battery
High temperature (250-350�C) sodium-beta alumina batteries (NBBs) are attractive energy storage devices for renewable energy integration and other grid related applications. Currently, two technologies are commercially available in NBBs, e.g., sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery and sodium-metal halide (ZEBRA) batteries. In this study, we investigated the combination of these two chemistries with a mixed cathode. In particular, the cathode of the cell consisted of molten NaAlCl4 as a catholyte and a mixture of Ni, NaCl and Na2S as active materials. During cycling, two reversible plateaus were observed in cell voltage profiles, which matched electrochemical reactions for Na-S and Na-NiCl2 redox couples. An irreversible reaction between sulfur species and Ni was identified during initial charge at 280�C, which caused a decrease in cell capacity. The final products on discharge included Na2Sn with 1< n < 3, which differed from Na2S3 found in traditional Na-S battery. Reduction of sulfur in the mixed cathode led to an increase in overall energy density over ZEBRA batteries. Despite of the initial drop in cell capacity, the mixed cathode demonstrated relatively stable cycling with more than 95% of capacity retained over 60 cycles under 10mA/cm2. Optimization of the cathode may lead to further improvements in battery performance.
Lu, Xiaochuan; Lemmon, John P.; Kim, Jin Yong; Sprenkle, Vincent L.; Yang, Zhenguo (Gary) [Gary
Thin-film Lithium Batteries
Thin-Film Battery with Lithium Anode Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division Thin-Film Lithium Batteries Resources with Additional Information The Department of Energy's 'Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed high-performance thin-film lithium batteries for a variety of technological applications. These batteries have high energy densities, can be recharged thousands of times, and are only 10 microns thick. They can be made in essentially any size and shape. Recently, Teledyne licensed this technology from ORNL to make batteries for medical devices including electrocardiographs. In addition, new "textured" cathodes have been developed which have greatly increased the peak current capability of the batteries. This greatly expands the potential medical uses of the batteries, including transdermal applications for heart regulation.'
High power bipolar battery/cells with enhanced overcharge tolerance
A cell or battery of cells having improved overcharge tolerance and increased power capability, and methods for the construction of such cells or batteries, via electrolyte modification.
Battery separators
Novel, improved battery separators carrying a plurality of polymeric ribs on at least one separator surface. The battery separators are produced by extruding a plurality of ribs in the form of molten polymeric rib providing material onto the surface of a battery separator to bond the material to the separator surface and cooling the extruded rib material to a solidified state. The molten polymeric rib providing material of this invention includes a mixture or blend of polypropylenes and an ethylene propylene diene terpolymer.
Battersby, W. R.
Towards a fully printable battery : robocast deposition of separators.
The development of thin batteries has presented several interesting problems which are not seen in traditional battery sizes. As the size of a battery reaches a minimum, the usable capacity of the battery decreases due to the fact that the major constituent of the battery becomes the package and separator. As the size decreases, the volumetric contribution from the package and separator increases. This can result in a reduction of capacity from these types of batteries of nearly all of the available power. The development of a method for directly printing the battery layers, including the package, in place would help to alleviate this problem. The technology used in this paper to directly print battery components is known as robocasting and is capable of direct writing of slurries in complex geometries. This method is also capable of conformally printing on three dimensional surfaces, opening up the possibility of novel batteries based on tailoring battery footprints to conform to the available substrate geometry. Interfacial resistance can also be reduced by using the direct write method. Each layer is printed in place on the battery stack instead of being stacked one at a time. This ensures an intimate contact and seal at every interface within the cell. By limiting the resistance at these interfaces, we effectively help increase the useable capacity of our battery through increase transport capability. We have developed methodology for printing several different separator materials for use in a lithium cell. When combined with a printable cathode comprised of LiFePO{sub 4} (as seen in Figure 1) and a lithium anode, our battery is capable of delivering a theoretical capacity of 170 mAh g{sup -1}. This capacity is diminished by transport phenomena within the cell which limit the transport rate of the lithium ions during the discharge cycle. The material set chosen for the printable separator closely resemble those used in commercially available separators in order to keep the transport rates high within the cell during charge and discharge. In order to evaluate the effect of each layer being printed using the robocasting technique, coin cells using printed separator materials were assembled and cycled vs. Li/Li{sup +}. This allows for the standardization of a test procedure in order to evaluate each layer of a printed cell one layer at a time. A typical charge/discharge curve can be seen in Figure 2 using a printed LiFePO{sub 4} cathode and a printed separator with a commercial Celgard separator. This experiment was run to evaluate the loss in capacity and slowdown of transport within the cell due to the addition of the printed separator. This cell was cycled multiple times and showed a capacity of 75 mAh/g. The ability for this cell to cycle with good capacity indicates that a fully printable separator material is viable for use in a full lithium cell due to the retention of capacity. Most of the fully printed cathode and separator cells exhibit working capacities between 65 and 95 mAh/g up to this point. This capacity should increase as the efficiency of the printed separator increases. The ability to deposit each layer within the cell allows for intimate contact of each layer and ensures for a reduction of interfacial impedance of each layer within the cell. The overall effect of printing multiple layers within the cell will be an overall increase in the ionic conductivity during charge and discharge cycles. Several different polymer membranes have been investigated for use as a printed separator. The disadvantage of using polymer separators or solid electrolyte batteries is that they have relatively low conductivities at room temperature (10{sup -6} - 10{sup -8} S cm{sup -1}). This is orders of magnitude lower than the typically accepted 10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1} needed for proper ionic transport during battery discharge Because of their low conductivity, typical polymer separators such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) have a normal operational temperature well above ambient. At elevated temperature the conductivity of the
Atanassov, Plamen Borissov (University of New Mexico); Fenton, Kyle Ross (University of New Mexico); Apblett, Christopher Alan
Mar 6, 2013 ... By the mid-1990's due to manufacturers changing the composition of ... for electric drive vehicles is dependent battery performance, cost, and�...
capacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevatedthe lifetime of the lithium-ion battery by arresting the Mna challenge in the lithium-ion battery field to identifying
??Lithium-ion batteries with higher capacity and longer cycle life than that available today are required as secondary energy sources for a wide range of emerging� (more)
Li, Juchuan
Layered Electrodes for Lithium Cells and Batteries | Argonne...
Layered Electrodes for Lithium Cells and Batteries Technology available for licensing: Layered lithium metal oxide compounds for ultra-high-capacity, rechargeable cathodes...
Battery technology handbook
This book is a comprehensive reference work on the types of battery available, their characteristics and applications. Topics considered include introduction, guidelines to battery selection, battery characteristics, battery theory and design, battery performance evaluation, battery applications, battery charging, and battery supplies.
Crompton, T.R.
Battery paste compositions and electrochemical cells for use therewith
An improved battery paste composition and a lead-acid electrochemical cell which incorporates the composition are disclosed. The cell includes a positive current collector and a negative current collector which are each coated with a paste containing one or more lead-containing compositions and a paste vehicle to form a positive plate and a negative plate. An absorbent electrolyte-containing separator member may also be positioned between the positive and negative plates. The paste on the positive current collector, the negative current collector, or both further includes a special additive consisting of polyvinyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof which provides many benefits including improved battery cycle life, increased charge capacity, and enhanced overall stability. The additive also makes the pastes smoother and more adhesive, thereby improving the paste application process. The paste compositions of interest may be used in conventional flat-plate cells or in spirally wound batteries with equal effectiveness. 2 figs.
Olson, J.B.
An improved battery paste composition and a lead-acid electrochemical cell which incorporates the composition. The cell includes a positive current collector and a negative current collector which are each coated with a paste containing one or more lead-containing compositions and a paste vehicle to form a positive plate and a negative plate. An absorbent electrolyte-containing separator member may also be positioned between the positive and negative plates. The paste on the positive current collector, the negative current collector, or both further includes a special additive consisting of polyvinylsulfonic acid or salts thereof which provides many benefits including improved battery cycle life, increased charge capacity, and enhanced overall stability. The additive also makes the pastes smoother and more adhesive, thereby improving the paste application process. The paste compositions of interest may be used in conventional flat-plate cells or in spirally wound batteries with equal effectiveness.
Olson, John B. (Boulder, CO)
Rechargeable battery charger system for charging testing, rejuvenation and preventative maintenance
The present invention is directed to a method for automatically maintaining rechargeable batteries at maximum capacity and includes the steps of detecting the presence of a battery, deep discharging the battery to a predetermined level above cell reversal, recharging the battery to its rated capacity, discharging the battery at a controlled rate while measuring battery output voltage and determining whether its capacity is above or below a selected minimum, deep discharging and recharging if the battery is below the selected minimum until reversible memory effects are removed, providing a positive indication of battery failure, maintaining the full battery capacity by trickle charging, and periodically repeating the above steps to avoid onset of battery memory.
Yefsky, S.A.
Battery charging in float vs. cycling environments
In lead-acid battery systems, cycling systems are often managed using float management strategies. There are many differences in battery management strategies for a float environment and battery management strategies for a cycling environment. To complicate matters further, in many cycling environments, such as off-grid domestic power systems, there is usually not an available charging source capable of efficiently equalizing a lead-acid battery let alone bring it to a full state of charge. Typically, rules for battery management which have worked quite well in a floating environment have been routinely applied to cycling batteries without full appreciation of what the cycling battery really needs to reach a full state of charge and to maintain a high state of health. For example, charge target voltages for batteries that are regularly deep cycled in off-grid power sources are the same as voltages applied to stand-by systems following a discharge event. In other charging operations equalization charge requirements are frequently ignored or incorrectly applied in cycled systems which frequently leads to premature capacity loss. The cause of this serious problem: the application of float battery management strategies to cycling battery systems. This paper describes the outcomes to be expected when managing cycling batteries with float strategies and discusses the techniques and benefits for the use of cycling battery management strategies.
Promising Magnesium Battery Research at ALS
Promising Magnesium Battery Research Promising Magnesium Battery Research at ALS Promising Magnesium Battery Research at ALS Print Wednesday, 23 January 2013 16:59 toyota battery a) Cross-section of the in situ electrochemical/XAS cell with annotations. b) Drawing and c) photograph of the assembled cell. Alternatives to the current lithium-ion-based car batteries are at the forefront of the automotive industry's research agenda-manufacturers want to build cars with longer battery life, and to do that they're going to have to find new solutions. One promising battery material is magnesium (Mg)-it is more dense than lithium, it is safer, and the magnesium ion carries a two-electron charge, giving it potential as a more efficient energy source. Magnesium has a high volumetric capacity, which could mean
can serve to buttress weak links by becoming part of thehave direct links to the state but these links may be weak.links to the national government. The bridges may be quite strong, very weak,
Political Institutions of Azerbaijan: A Dichotomy BetweenAffairs. Vol. 2. No. 4. Shaffer, Brenda. 2004. �Azerbaijan�.in Central Asia and Azerbaijan. Babak, Vladimir, Demian
Battery lifetime prediction for energy-aware computing
Predicting the time of full discharge of a finite-capacity energy source, such as a battery, is important for the design of portable electronic systems and applications. In this paper we present a novel analytical model of a battery that not only can ... Keywords: battery, low-power design, modeling
Daler Rakhmatov; Sarma Vrudhula; Deborah A. Wallach
Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes
Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes Peng Rong Massoud Pedram prong the problem of maximizing the utilization of the battery capacity of the power source for a portable electronic system under a given performance constraint. A new stochastic model of a power-managed battery
1 Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes Peng Rong and Massoud Pedram the problem of maximizing capacity utilization of the battery power source in a portable electronic system under latency and loss rate constraints. First, a detailed stochastic model of a power-managed, battery
Battery pack
A battery pack is described, having a center of mass, for use with a medical instrument including a latch, an ejector, and an electrical connector, the battery pack comprising: energy storage means for storing electrical energy; latch engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the latch; ejector engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the ejector; and connector engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the connector, the latch engagement means, ejector engagement means, and connector engagement means being substantially aligned in a plane offset from the center of mass of the battery pack.
Weaver, R.J.; Brittingham, D.C.; Basta, J.C.
European battery market
The electric battery industry in Europe is discussed. As in any other part of the world, battery activity in Europe is dependent on people, prosperity, car numbers, and vehicle design. The European battery industry is discussed from the following viewpoints: battery performance, car design, battery production, marketing of batteries, battery life, and technology changes.
Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Separator Materials
facing Li-ion batteries · Increase energy & power density · Decrease cost · Increase operating lifeMechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Separator Materials Patrick Sinko B.S. Materials and motivation Why study lithium-ion batteries? Lithium-ion battery fundamentals Why study the mechanical
Petta, Jason
RR0DF106791 RR0DF106791 Hybrid Propulsion System: Mild Parallel Belt-Alternator Starter (BAS) Number of Electric Machines: 1 Motor: 15 kW (peak), AC induction Battery Specifications Manufacturer: Hitachi Type: Cylindrical Lithium-ion Number of Cells: 32 Nominal Cell Voltage: 3.6 V Nominal System Voltage: 115.2 V Rated Pack Capacity: 4.4 Ah Maximum Cell Charge Voltage 2 : 4.10 V Minimum Cell Discharge Voltage 2 : 3.00 V Thermal Management: Active - Forced air Pack Weight: 65 lb BEGINNING-OF-TEST: BATTERY LABORATORY TEST RESULTS SUMMARY Vehicle Mileage and Testing Date Vehicle Odometer: 5,715 mi Date of Test: January 8, 2013 Static Capacity Test Measured Average Capacity: 3.98 Ah Measured Average Energy Capacity: 460 Wh HPPC Test Pulse Discharge Power @ 50% DOD
RRXDF106605 RRXDF106605 Hybrid Propulsion System: Mild Parallel Belt-Alternator Starter (BAS) Number of Electric Machines: 1 Motor: 15 kW (peak), AC induction Battery Specifications Manufacturer: Hitachi Type: Cylindrical Lithium-ion Number of Cells: 32 Nominal Cell Voltage: 3.6 V Nominal System Voltage: 115.2 V Rated Pack Capacity: 4.4 Ah Maximum Cell Charge Voltage 2 : 4.10 V Minimum Cell Discharge Voltage 2 : 3.00 V Thermal Management: Active - Forced air Pack Weight: 65 lb BEGINNING-OF-TEST: BATTERY LABORATORY TEST RESULTS SUMMARY Vehicle Mileage and Testing Date Vehicle Odometer: 4,244 mi Date of Test: January 9, 2013 Static Capacity Test Measured Average Capacity: 3.88 Ah Measured Average Energy Capacity: 450 Wh HPPC Test Pulse Discharge Power @ 50% DOD
Battery loading device
A battery loading device for loading a power source battery, built in small appliances having a battery loading chamber for selectively loading a number of cylindrical unit batteries or a one body type battery having the same voltage as a number of cylindrical unit batteries, whereby the one body type battery and the battery loading chamber are shaped similarly and asymmetrically in order to prevent the one body type battery from being inserted in the wrong direction.
Phara, T.; Suzuki, M.
The Science of Electrode Materials for Lithium Batteries
Rechargeable lithium batteries continue to play the central role in power systems for portable electronics, and could play a role of increasing importance for hybrid transportation systems that use either hydrogen or fossil fuels. For example, fuel cells provide a steady supply of power, whereas batteries are superior when bursts of power are needed. The National Research Council recently concluded that for dismounted soldiers "Among all possible energy sources, hybrid systems provide the most versatile solutions for meeting the diverse needs of the Future Force Warrior. The key advantage of hybrid systems is their ability to provide power over varying levels of energy use, by combining two power sources." The relative capacities of batteries versus fuel cells in a hybrid power system will depend on the capabilities of both. In the longer term, improvements in the cost and safety of lithium batteries should lead to a substantial role for electrochemical energy storage subsystems as components in fuel cell or hybrid vehicles. We have completed a basic research program for DOE BES on anode and cathode materials for lithium batteries, extending over 6 years with a 1 year phaseout period. The emphasis was on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the lithiation reaction, and how these pertain to basic electrochemical properties that we measure experimentally � voltage and capacity in particular. In the course of this work we also studied the kinetic processes of capacity fade after cycling, with unusual results for nanostructued Si and Ge materials, and the dynamics underlying electronic and ionic transport in LiFePO4. This document is the final report for this work.
Fultz, Brent
Battery Council International
Forecasts of electric battery use, economic impacts of electric batteries, and battery technology and research were presented at the conference. (GHT)
Bipolar battery
A bipolar battery having a plurality of cells. The bipolar battery includes: a negative electrode; a positive electrode and a separator element disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the separator element electrically insulating the electrodes from one another; an electrolyte disposed within at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the separator element; and an electrode containment structure including a cup-like electrode holder.
Dispenser Printed Zinc Microbattery with an Ionic Liquid Gel Electrolyte
the electrodes determine a battery�s capacity and power. Inthe printed battery�s discharge capacity increased more thanrates, the battery will exhibit reduced capacities due to
Ho, Christine Chihfan
Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery: A Robust and Inexpensive Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery for Grid-Scale Energy Storage
GRIDS Project: USC is developing an iron-air rechargeable battery for large-scale energy storage that could help integrate renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Iron-air batteries have the potential to store large amounts of energy at low cost�iron is inexpensive and abundant, while oxygen is freely obtained from the air we breathe. However, current iron-air battery technologies have suffered from low efficiency and short life spans. USC is working to dramatically increase the efficiency of the battery by placing chemical additives on the battery�s iron-based electrode and restructuring the catalysts at the molecular level on the battery�s air-based electrode. This can help the battery resist degradation and increase life span. The goal of the project is to develop a prototype iron-air battery at significantly cost lower than today�s best commercial batteries.
System dynamic model and charging control of lead-acid battery for stand-alone solar PV system
The lead-acid battery which is widely used in stand-alone solar system is easily damaged by a poor charging control which causes overcharging. The battery charging control is thus usually designed to stop charging after the overcharge point. This will reduce the storage energy capacity and reduce the service time in electricity supply. The design of charging control system however requires a good understanding of the system dynamic behaviour of the battery first. In the present study, a first-order system dynamics model of lead-acid battery at different operating points near the overcharge voltage was derived experimentally, from which a charging control system based on PI algorithm was developed using PWM charging technique. The feedback control system for battery charging after the overcharge point (14 V) was designed to compromise between the set-point response and the disturbance rejection. The experimental results show that the control system can suppress the battery voltage overshoot within 0.1 V when the solar irradiation is suddenly changed from 337 to 843 W/m{sup 2}. A long-term outdoor test for a solar LED lighting system shows that the battery voltage never exceeded 14.1 V for the set point 14 V and the control system can prevent the battery from overcharging. The test result also indicates that the control system is able to increase the charged energy by 78%, as compared to the case that the charging stops after the overcharge point (14 V). (author)
Huang, B.J.; Hsu, P.C.; Wu, M.S.; Ho, P.Y. [New Energy Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei (China)
Vehicle battery polarity indicator
Battery jumper cables provide an effective means to connect a charged battery to a discharged battery. However, the electrodes of the batteries must be properly connected for charging to occur and to avoid damage to the batteries. A battery polarity indicator is interposed between a set of battery jumper cables to provide a visual/aural indication of relative battery polarity as well as a safety circuit to prevent electrical connection where polarities are reversed.
Cole, L.
A long-life deep cycle, tubular lead-acid battery
The lead-acid battery is used in a variety of applications to provide primary and stand-by power. Because the battery significantly impacts the system cost, it behooves the designer to select a battery having the minimum life-cycle cost. Tubular batteries generally enjoy a longer life than equivalent flat plate batteries. This is because the frequency and severity of the most prevalent modes of failure are much reduced. Since the specific capacity of a tubular battery is comparable to that of a flat plate battery, the use of a tubular battery can result in a reduced system life-cycle cost.
Eggers, M.
Battery charging system
A battery charging system designed to charge a battery, especially a nickel-cadmium (Ni-cd) battery from a lead acid power supply without overcharging, and to charge uniformly a plurality of batteries in parallel is described. A non-linear resistance is utilized and is matched to the voltage difference of the power supply battery and the batteries being charged.
Komatsu, K.; Mabuchi, K.
Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries
Batteries to someone by Batteries to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Batteries on AddThis.com... Just the Basics Hybrid & Vehicle Systems Energy Storage Batteries Battery Systems Applied Battery Research Long-Term Exploratory Research Ultracapacitors Advanced Power Electronics & Electrical Machines Advanced Combustion Engines Fuels & Lubricants Materials Technologies Batteries battery/cell diagram Battery/Cell Diagram Batteries are important to our everyday lives and show up in various
A radioactive battery which includes a capsule containing the active material and a thermopile associated therewith is presented. The capsule is both a shield to stop the radiations and thereby make the battery safe to use, and an energy conventer. The intense radioactive decay taking place inside is converted to useful heat at the capsule surface. The heat is conducted to the hot thermojunctions of a thermopile. The cold junctions of the thermopile are thermally insulated from the heat source, so that a temperature difference occurs between the hot and cold junctions, causing an electrical current of a constant magnitude to flow.
Birden, J.H.; Jordan, K.C.
Field investigation of the relationship between battery size and PV system performance
Four photovoltaic-powered lighting systems were installed in a National Forest Service campground in June of 1991. These systems have identical arrays, loads and charge controllers. The only difference was in the rated capacity of the battery bank for each system. The battery banks all use the same basic battery as a building block with the four systems utilizing either one battery, two batteries, three batteries or four batteries. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the effect of the various battery sizes on the ability of the system to charge the battery, energy available to the load, and battery lifetime. Results show an important trend in system performance concerning the impact of charge controllers on the relation between array size and battery size which results in an inability to achieve the days of battery storage originally designed for.
Stevens, J.; Kratochvil, J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Harrington, S. [Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Battery Voltage Stability Effects on Small Wind Turbine Energy Capture: Preprint
Previous papers on small wind turbines have shown that the ratio of battery capacity to wind capacity (known as battery-wind capacity ratio) for small wind systems with battery storage has an important effect on wind turbine energy output. Data analysis from pilot project performance monitoring has revealed shortcomings in wind turbine energy output up to 75% of expected due to the effect of a''weak'' battery grid. This paper presents an analysis of empirical test results of small wind battery systems, showing the relationships among wind turbine charging rate, battery capacity, battery internal resistance, and the change in battery voltage. By understanding these relationships, small wind systems can be designed so as to minimize''dumped'' or unused energy from small wind turbines.
Corbus, D.; Newcomb, C.; Baring-Gould, E. I.; Friedly, S.
Surface Modification Agents for Lithium Batteries
Increased safety and life of lithium-ion batteries, ... Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles; Portable electronic devices; Medical devices; and
Alkaline battery
A zinc alkaline secondary battery is described having an excellent cycle characteristic, having a negative electrode which comprises a base layer of zinc active material incorporating cadmium metal and/or a cadmium compound and an outer layer made up of cadmium metal and/or a cadmium compound and applied to the surface of the base layer of zinc active material.
Furukawa, N.; Inoue, K.; Murakami, S.
A novel, improved battery separator and process for making the separator. Essentially, the separator carries a plurality of polymeric ribs bonded to at least one surface and the ribs have alternating elevated segments of uniform maxiumum heights and depressed segments along the length of the ribs.
Le Bayon, R.; Faucon, R.; Legrix, J.
Shock absorbing battery housing
A portable battery device is provided which dampens shock incident upon the battery device such that an electrical energizable apparatus connected to the battery device is subject to reduced shock whenever the battery device receives an impact. The battery device includes a battery housing of resilient shock absorbing material injection molded around an interconnecting structure which mechanically and electrically interconnects the battery housing to an electrically energizable apparatus.
McCartney, W.J.; Jacobs, J.D.; Keil, M.J.
Universal battery terminal connector
This patent describes a universal battery terminal connector for connecting either a top post battery terminal or a side post battery terminal to a battery cable. The connector comprises an elongated electrically conductive body having: (a) first means for connection to a top post battery terminal; (b) second means for connection to a side post battery terminal, and (c) third means for receiving one end of a battery cable and providing an electrical connection therewith.
Norris, R.W.
A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print Lithium-ion batteries are in smart phones, laptops, most other consumer electronics, and the newest electric cars. Good as these batteries are, the need for energy storage in batteries is surpassing current technologies. In a lithium-ion battery, charge moves from the cathode to the anode, a critical component for storing energy. A team of Berkeley Lab scientists has designed a new kind of anode that absorbs eight times the lithium of current designs, and has maintained its greatly increased energy capacity after more than a year of testing and many hundreds of charge-discharge cycles. Cyclical Science Succeeds The anode achievement described in this highlight provides a rare scientific showcase, combining advanced tools of synthesis, characterization, and simulation in a novel approach to materials development. Gao Liu's original research team, part of Berkeley Lab's Environmental Energy Technologies Division (EETD), got the ball rolling by designing the original series of polyfluorene-based conducting polymers. Then, Wanli Yang of the ALS suggested soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine their key electronic properties. To better understand these results, and their relevance to the conductivity of the polymer, the growing team sought a theoretical explanation from Lin-Wang Wang of Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division (MSD). By conducting calculations on the promising polymers at Berkeley Lab's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), the team gained insight into what was really happening in the PF with the carbonyl functional group, singling it out for further development.
Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print Lithium-ion batteries are in smart phones, laptops, most other consumer electronics, and the newest electric cars. Good as these batteries are, the need for energy storage in batteries is surpassing current technologies. In a lithium-ion battery, charge moves from the cathode to the anode, a critical component for storing energy. A team of Berkeley Lab scientists has designed a new kind of anode that absorbs eight times the lithium of current designs, and has maintained its greatly increased energy capacity after more than a year of testing and many hundreds of charge-discharge cycles. Cyclical Science Succeeds The anode achievement described in this highlight provides a rare scientific showcase, combining advanced tools of synthesis, characterization, and simulation in a novel approach to materials development. Gao Liu's original research team, part of Berkeley Lab's Environmental Energy Technologies Division (EETD), got the ball rolling by designing the original series of polyfluorene-based conducting polymers. Then, Wanli Yang of the ALS suggested soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine their key electronic properties. To better understand these results, and their relevance to the conductivity of the polymer, the growing team sought a theoretical explanation from Lin-Wang Wang of Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division (MSD). By conducting calculations on the promising polymers at Berkeley Lab's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), the team gained insight into what was really happening in the PF with the carbonyl functional group, singling it out for further development.
Progress in Grid Scale Flow Batteries
Grid Scale Flow Batteries IMRE GYUK, PROGRAM MANAGER ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOE FlowBat 03- 07- 12 Without technological breakthroughs in efficient, large scale Energy Storage, it will be difficult to rely on intermittent renewables for much more than 20-30% of our Electricity. Secretary Chu, Feb. 2010 The need for regulation services can dramatically increase as the amount of variable renewable resources is increased. Local storage is among the best means to ensure we can reliably integrate renewable energy resources into the grid. Chairman Wellinghoff, FERC, March 2010 Transmission and storage capacity are key issues for energy resource planning. If you like wind power, you have to love transmission and storage. Terry Boston , CEO, PJM, June 2010
Role of Recycling in the Life Cycle of Batteries
ROLE OF RECYCLING IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BATTERIES ROLE OF RECYCLING IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BATTERIES J.L. Sullivan, L. Gaines, and A. Burnham Argonne National Laboratory, Energy Systems Division Keywords: battery, materials, recycling, energy Abstract Over the last few decades, rechargeable battery production has increased substantially. Applications including phones, computers, power tools, power storage, and electric-drive vehicles are either commonplace or will be in the next decade or so. Because advanced rechargeable batteries, like those
Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance
The safety of electrified vehicles with high capacity energy storage devices creates challenges that must be met to assure commercial acceptance of EVs and HEVs. High performance vehicular traction energy storage systems must be intrinsically tolerant of abusive conditions: overcharge, short circuit, crush, fire exposure, overdischarge, and mechanical shock and vibration. Fail-safe responses to these conditions must be designed into the system, at the materials and the system level, through selection of materials and safety devices that will further reduce the probability of single cell failure and preclude propagation of failure to adjacent cells. One of the most important objectives of DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies is to support the development of lithium ion batteries that are safe and abuse tolerant in electric drive vehicles. This Roadmap analyzes battery safety and failure modes of state-of-the-art cells and batteries and makes recommendations on future investments that would further DOE's mission.
Doughty, D. H.
Metal-Air Batteries
Metal-air batteries have much higher specific energies than most currently available primary and rechargeable batteries. Recent advances in electrode materials and electrolytes, as well as new designs on metal-air batteries, have attracted intensive effort in recent years, especially in the development of lithium-air batteries. The general principle in metal-air batteries will be reviewed in this chapter. The materials, preparation methods, and performances of metal-air batteries will be discussed. Two main metal-air batteries, Zn-air and Li-air batteries will be discussed in detail. Other type of metal-air batteries will also be described.
Zhang, Jiguang; Bruce, Peter G.; Zhang, Gregory
Stochastic Battery Model for Embedded Systems
This paper explores the recovery and rate capacity effect for batteries used in embedded systems. It describes the prominent battery models with their advantages and drawbacks. It then throws new light on the battery recovery behavior, which can help determine optimum discharge profiles and hence result in significant improvement in battery lifetime. Finally it proposes a fast and accurate stochastic model which draws the positives from the earlier models and minimizes the drawbacks. The parameters for this model are determined by a pretest, which takes into account the newfound background into recovery and rate capacity hence resulting in higher accuracy. Simulations conducted suggest close correspondence with experimental results and a maximum error of 2.65 %. 1.
Venkat Rao; Gaurav Singhal; Anshul Kumar; Nicolas Navet
A highly efficient battery charging system is described in which the amperehour discharge of the battery is sensed for controlling the battery charging rate. The battery is charged at a relatively high charge rate during a first time period proportional to the extent of battery discharge and at a second lower rate thereafter.
Bilsky, H.W.; Callen, P.J.
Secondary battery
Secondary batteries are described with aqueous acid solutions of lead salts as electrolytes and inert electrode base plates which also contain redox systems in solution. These systems have a standard potential of from -0.1 to + 1.4 V relative to a standard hydrogen reference electrode, do not form insoluble compounds with the electrolytes and are not oxidized or reduced irreversibly by the active compositions applied to the electrode base plates, within their range of operating potentials.
Wurmb, R.; Beck, F.; Boehlke, K.
Argonne TTRDC - APRF - Research Activities - Ultracapacitors with Batteries
Active Combination of Ultracapacitors with Batteries for PHEVs Active Combination of Ultracapacitors with Batteries for PHEVs Ultracapacitors Ultracapacitors will dramatically boost the power of lithium-ion batteries, enabling plug-in vehicles to travel much further on a single charge. Lithium-ion battery The newest generation of lithium-ion battery (foreground) has an energy density three times that of the batteries in today's electric cars (background). Argonne researchers are investigating the benefits of combining ultracapacitors with lithium-ion batteries. This combination can dramatically boost the power of lithium-ion batteries, offering a potential solution to the battery-related challenges facing electric vehicles. This technology can: Exponentially increase the calendar and cycle lifetimes of lithium-ion batteries
Battery management system
A battery management system is described, comprising: a main battery; main battery charging system means coupled to the main battery for charging the main battery during operation of the main battery charging system means; at least one auxiliary battery; primary switching means for coupling the auxiliary battery to a parallel configuration with the main battery charging system means and with the main battery, where upon both the main battery and the auxiliary battery are charged by the main battery charging system means, the primary switching means also being operable to decouple the auxiliary battery from the parallel configuration; and sensing means coupled to the primary switching means and operable to sense presence or absence of charging current from the main battery charging system means to the main battery, the sensing means being operable to activate the switching means for coupling the auxiliary battery into the parallel configuration during presence of the charging current, wherein the main battery charging system provides a charging signal to the main battery having an alternating current component, and wherein the sensing means includes transformer means coupled to the charging signal for inducing a voltage, the voltage being applied to a switching circuit of the switching means.
Albright, C.D.
DOE, City of Richland and Benton PUD Increase Fiber Optic Telecommunication Capacity in Benton County- Upgrade improves communications at Hanford Site, schools and libraries
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
RICHLAND, Wash. ? The Department of Energy (DOE), city of Richland, and Benton County�s Public Utility District (Benton PUD) jointly implemented a high-capacity fiber optic cable in Richland and at the Hanford Site. The project will improve communications throughout the area.
A User Programmable Battery Charging System
Rechargeable batteries are found in almost every battery powered application. Be it portable, stationary or motive applications, these batteries go hand in hand with battery charging systems. With energy harvesting being targeted in this day and age, high energy density and longer lasting batteries with efficient charging systems are being developed by companies and original equipment manufacturers. Whatever the application may be, rechargeable batteries, which deliver power to a load or system, have to be replenished or recharged once their energy is depleted. Battery charging systems must perform this replenishment by using very fast and efficient methods to extend battery life and to increase periods between charges. In this regard, they have to be versatile, efficient and user programmable to increase their applications in numerous battery powered systems. This is to reduce the cost of using different battery chargers for different types of battery powered applications and also to provide the convenience of rare battery replacement and extend the periods between charges. This thesis proposes a user programmable charging system that can charge a Lithium ion battery from three different input sources, i.e. a wall outlet, a universal serial bus (USB) and an energy harvesting system. The proposed charging system consists of three main building blocks, i.e. a pulse charger, a step down DC to DC converter and a switching network system, to extend the number of applications it can be used for. The switching network system is to allow charging of a battery via an energy harvesting system, while the step down converter is used to provide an initial supply voltage to kick start the energy harvesting system. The pulse charger enables the battery to be charged from a wall outlet or a USB network. It can also be reconfigured to charge a Nickel Metal Hydride battery. The final design is implemented on an IBM 0.18�m process. Experimental results verify the concept of the proposed charging system. The pulse charger is able to be reconfigured as a trickle charger and a constant current charger to charge a Li-ion battery and a Nickel Metal Hydride battery, respectively. The step down converter has a maximum efficiency of 90% at an input voltage of 3V and the charging of the battery via an energy harvesting system is also verified.
Amanor-Boadu, Judy M
Battery-Recycling Chain
...The battery-recycling chain has changed dramatically over the past ten years. The changes have resulted from environmental regulation, changes in battery-processing technology, changes in battery distribution and sales techniques, changes in lead-smelting...
vehicles. In fact, every hybrid vehicle on the market currently uses Nickel-Metal-Hydride high-voltage batteries in its battery system. Lithium ion batteries appear to be the...
Battery separator material
A novel, improved battery separator material particularly adaptable for use in maintenance free batteries. The battery separator material includes a diatomaceous earth filler, an acrylate copolymer binder and a combination of fibers comprising polyolefin, polyester and glass fibers.
Bodendorf, W. J.
Battery depletion monitor
A cmos inverter is used to compare pacemaker battery voltage to a referenced voltage. When the reference voltage exceeds the measured battery voltage, the inverter changes state to indicate battery depletion.
Lee, Y.S.
Progress on Technology of Redox Flow Battery and Its Application in ...
Electrochemical Charge/Discharge Behavior of Li-Mg Alloy Anodes for High Capacity Lithium Batteries � Electronic Conductivity Enhancement of CNT Dispersed�...
Simplified Electrode Formation using Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) Doping of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
lithium ion battery electrode formation that can boost a cell�s charge capacity and lower its cost while improving reliability and safety.
Extending lifetime of portable systems by battery scheduling
Multi-battery power supplies are becoming popular in electronic appliances of the latest generations, due to economical and manufacturing constraints. Unfortunately, a partitioned battery subsystem is not able to deliver the same amount of charge as a monolithic battery with the same total capacity. In this paper, we de ne the concept of battery scheduling, we investigate policies for solving the problem of optimal charge delivery, and we study the relationship of such policies with di erent con gurations of the battery subsystem. Results, obtained for di erent workloads, demonstrate that the choice of the proper scheduling can make, in the best case, system lifetime as close as 1 % of that guaranteed by a monolithic battery of equal capacity. 1
L. Benini; G. Castelli Z; A. Macii Z
This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the utilization of the battery capacity of the power source for a portable electronic system under a given performance constraint. A new stochastic model of a power-managed battery-powered electronic system is proposed, which is based on continuous-time Markovian decision processes (CTMDP). In this model, two important characteristics of today's rechargeable battery cells, i.e., the current rate-capacity characteristic and the relaxation-induced recovery are considered for. In addition, system properties, such as workload statistics and performance constraints are properly captured. The battery-aware power management problem is formulated as a policy optimization problem based on the theories of CTMDP and stochastic networks and solved exactly using a linear programming approach. Experimental results shows that our method outperforms existing heuristic methods for battery management by as much as 17% in terms of the average energy delivered per unit weight of battery cells.
Single potential electrodeposition of nanostructured battery materials for lithium-ion batteries.
??The increasing reliance on portable electronics is continuing to fuel research in the area of low power lithium-ion batteries, while a new surge in research� (more)
Mosby, James Matthew
Battery Standard Scenario
Scenario: Fast Tracking a Battery Standard. ... with developing a new standard specifying quality controls for the development of batteries used in ...
SAND2006-1982J Solid-State Environmentally Safe Battery for Replacing Lithium Batteries 1. Submitting Organization Sandia National Laboratories PO Box 5800, MS 1033 Albuquerque, NM...
3 Automating Battery Management . . . . . . .122 Battery Goal Setting UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Power and Battery Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piezonuclear battery
This invention, a piezonuclear battery generates output power arising from the piezoelectric voltage produced from radioactive decay particles interacting with a piezoelectric medium. Radioactive particle energy may directly create an acoustic wave in the piezoelectric medium or a moderator may be used to generate collision particles for interacting with the medium. In one embodiment a radioactive material ({sup 252}Cf) with an output of about 1 microwatt produced a 12 nanowatt output (1.2% conversion efficiency) from a piezoelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride/trifluroethylene.
Bongianni, W.L.
A piezonuclear battery generates output power arising from the piezoelectric voltage produced from radioactive decay particles interacting with a piezoelectric medium. Radioactive particle energy may directly create an acoustic wave in the piezoelectric medium or a moderator may be used to generate collision particles for interacting with the medium. In one embodiment a radioactive material (.sup.252 Cf) with an output of about 1 microwatt produced a 12 nanowatt output (1.2% conversion efficiency) from a piezoelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride/trifluorethylene.
Bongianni, Wayne L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Molten salt electrolyte battery cell with overcharge tolerance
A molten salt electrolyte battery having an increased overcharge tolerance employs a negative electrode with two lithium alloy phases of different electrochemical potential, one of which allows self-discharge rates which permits battery cell equalization.
Kaun, Thomas D. (New Lenox, IL); Nelson, Paul A. (Wheaton, IL)
Utility Battery Exploratory Technology Development Program report for FY91
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, manages the Utility Battery Exploratory Technology Development Program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Management. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering analyses and development of rechargeable batteries for utility-energy-storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized during fiscal year 1991. Sodium/Sulfur, Zinc/Bromine, Nickel/Hydrogen, Aluminium/Air and Lead/Acid batteries are evaluated.
Magnani, N.J.; Butler, P.C.; Akhil, A.A.; Braithwaite, J.W.; Clark, N.H.; Freese, J.M.
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, manages the Utility Battery Exploratory Technology Development Program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering analyses and development of rechargeable batteries for utility-energy-storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized during fiscal year 1991. Sodium/Sulfur, Zinc/Bromine, Nickel/Hydrogen, Aluminium/Air and Lead/Acid batteries are evaluated.
Redox shuttles for safer lithium-ion batteries.
Overcharge protection is not only critical for preventing the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries during operation, but also important for automatic capacity balancing during battery manufacturing and repair. A redox shuttle is an electrolyte additive that can be used as intrinsic overcharge protection mechanism to enhance the safety characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. The advances on stable redox shuttles are briefly reviewed. Fundamental studies for designing stable redox shuttles are also discussed.
Chen, Z.; Qin, Y.; Amine, K.; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
Zinc air battery development for electric vehicles
This report summarizes the results of research conducted during the sixteen month continuation of a program to develop rechargeable zinc-air batteries for electric vehicles. The zinc-air technology under development incorporates a metal foam substrate for the zinc electrode, with flow of electrolyte through the foam during battery operation. In this soluble'' zinc electrode the zincate discharge product dissolves completely in the electrolyte stream. Cycle testing at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, where the electrode was invented, and at MATSI showed that this approach avoids the zinc electrode shape change phenomenon. Further, electrolyte flow has been shown to be necessary to achieve significant cycle life (> 25 cycles) in this open system. Without it, water loss through the oxygen electrode results in high-resistance failure of the cell. The Phase I program, which focused entirely on the zinc electrode, elucidated the conditions necessary to increase electrode capacity from 75 to as much as 300 mAh/cm{sup 2}. By the end of the Phase I program over 500 cycles had accrued on one of the zinc-zinc half cells undergoing continuous cycle testing. The Phase II program continued the half cell cycle testing and separator development, further refined the foam preplate process, and launched into performance and cycle life testing of zinc-air cells.
Putt, R.A.; Merry, G.W. (MATSI, Inc., Atlanta, GA (United States))
Utility Battery Storage Systems Program report for FY93
Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, conducts the Utility Battery Storage Systems Program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering analyses, contract development, and testing of rechargeable batteries and systems for utility-energy-storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized during fiscal year 1993.
Butler, P.C.
Exploratory battery technology development report for FY90
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, manages the Utility Battery Exploratory Technology Development Program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Management. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering analyses and development of advanced rechargeable batteries for stationary energy storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized during fiscal year 1990. 82 figs., 40 tabs.
Magnani, N.J.; Butler, P.C.; Akhil, A.A.; Braithwaite, J.W.; Freese, J.M.; Lott, S.E.
Investigation on Operating Characteristics of Individual Cell among Battery Pack.
??Due to the discrepancy among series-connected cells in a lead-acid battery pack, the restored capacities may not be the same during the charging/discharging processes. Through� (more)
Chen, Wen-Chih
Carbon-enhanced VRLA batteries.
The addition of certain forms of carbon to the negative plate in valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries has been demonstrated to increase the cycle life of such batteries by an order of magnitude or more under high-rate, partial-state-of-charge operation. Such performance will provide a significant impact, and in some cases it will be an enabling feature for applications including hybrid electric vehicles, utility ancillary regulation services, wind farm energy smoothing, and solar photovoltaic energy smoothing. There is a critical need to understnd how the carbon interacts with the negative plate and achieves the aforementioned benefits at a fundamental level. Such an understanding will not only enable the performance of such batteries to be optimzied, but also to explore the feasibility of applying this technology to other battery chemistries. In partnership with the East Penn Manufacturing, Sandia will investigate the electrochemical function of the carbon and possibly identify improvements to its anti-sulfation properties. Shiomi, et al. (1997) discovered that the addition of carbon to the negative active material (NAM) substantially reduced PbSO{sub 4} accumulation in high rate, partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycling applications. This improved performance with a minimal cost. Cycling applications that were uneconomical for traditional VRLA batteries are viable for the carbon enhanced VRLA. The overall goal of this work is to quantitatively define the role that carbon plays in the electrochemistry of a VRLA battery.
Enos, David George; Hund, Thomas D.; Shane, Rod (East Penn Manufacturing, Lyon Station, PA)
Thermal Batteries for Electric Vehicles
HEATS Project: UT Austin will demonstrate a high-energy density and low-cost thermal storage system that will provide efficient cabin heating and cooling for EVs. Compared to existing HVAC systems powered by electric batteries in EVs, the innovative hot-and-cold thermal batteries-based technology is expected to decrease the manufacturing cost and increase the driving range of next-generation EVs. These thermal batteries can be charged with off-peak electric power together with the electric batteries. Based on innovations in composite materials offering twice the energy density of ice and 10 times the thermal conductivity of water, these thermal batteries are expected to achieve a comparable energy density at 25% of the cost of electric batteries. Moreover, because UT Austin�s thermal energy storage systems are modular, they may be incorporated into the heating and cooling systems in buildings, providing further energy efficiencies and positively impacting the emissions of current building heating/cooling systems.
Optimal and Adaptive Battery Discharge Strategies for Cyber-Physical Fumin Zhang and Zhenwu Shi
Optimal and Adaptive Battery Discharge Strategies for Cyber-Physical Systems Fumin Zhang and Zhenwu Shi Abstract-- We introduce a dynamic battery model that de- scribes the variations of the capacity of a battery under time varying discharge current. This model is input-output equivalent to the Rakhmatov
Zhang, Fumin
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries Peng Rong, Student Member, IEEE and Massoud Pedram, Fellow, IEEE Abstract -- Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing
Crab Shells as Sustainable Templates from Nature for Nanostructured Battery Electrodes
Crab Shells as Sustainable Templates from Nature for Nanostructured Battery Electrodes Hongbin Yao materials issues for enabling next-generation high capacity lithium ion batteries for portable electronics to prepare nanostructured battery electrode materials, we are inspired by the diversity of natural materials
Method of controlling the condition of an electric battery and apparatus for carrying out this method
A method and apparatus for determining the condition or freshness of an electric battery is described. The battery is discharged with a load current having an amplitude increasing linearly with time. The battery voltage is measured as the battery is discharged and the amplitude of the load current is measured when the battery voltage decreases to a predetermined value. The measured amplitude of the load current is representative of the battery condition or freshness.
Froidevaux, J.H.
Battery cell soldering apparatus
A battery cell soldering apparatus for coupling a plurality of battery cells within a battery casing comprises a support platform and a battery casing holder. The support platform operatively supports a soldering block including a plurality of soldering elements coupled to an electrical source together with a cooling means and control panel to control selectively the heating and cooling of the soldering block when the battery cells within the battery casing are held inverted in operative engagement with the plurality of soldering elements by the battery casing holder.
Alvarez, O.E.
Battery life extender
A battery life extender is described which comprises: (a) a housing disposed around the battery with terminals of the battery extending through top of the housing so that battery clamps can be attached thereto, the housing having an access opening in the top thereof; (b) means for stabilizing temperature of the battery within the housing during hot and cold weather conditions so as to extend operating life of the battery; and (c) a removable cover sized to fit over the access opening in the top of the housing so that the battery can be serviced without having to remove the housing or any part thereof.
Foti, M.; Embry, J.
Safety Hazards of Batteries
Safety Hazards of Batteries Safety Hazards of Batteries Battery technology is at the heart of much of our technological revolution. One of the most prevalent rechargeable batteries in use today is the Lithium-ion battery. Cell phones, laptop computers, GPS systems, iPods, and even cars are now using lithium- ion rechargeable battery technology. In fact, you probably have a lithium-ion battery in your pocket or purse right now! Although lithium-ion batteries are very common there are some inherent dangers when using ANY battery. Lithium cells are like any other technology - if they are abused and not used for their intended purpose catastrophic results may occur, such as: first-, second-, and third-degree burns, respiratory problems, fires, explosions, and even death. Please handle the lithium-ion batteries with care and respect.
Battery Balancing at Xtreme Power.
??Battery pack imbalance is one of the most pressing issues for companies involved in Battery Energy Storage. The importance of Battery Balancing with respect to� (more)
Ganesan, Rahul
Vehicle Technologies Office: Battery Systems
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Hybrid Electric Vehicles - HEV Batteries
Optima Batteries | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Optima Batteries Jump to: navigation, search Name Optima Batteries Place Milwaukee, WI Website http:www.optimabatteries.com References Optima Batteries1 Information About...
Overcoming the Range Limitation of Medium-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles through the use of Hydrogen Fuel-Cells
Battery electric vehicles possess great potential for decreasing lifecycle costs in medium-duty applications, a market segment currently dominated by internal combustion technology. Characterized by frequent repetition of similar routes and daily return to a central depot, medium-duty vocations are well positioned to leverage the low operating costs of battery electric vehicles. Unfortunately, the range limitation of commercially available battery electric vehicles acts as a barrier to widespread adoption. This paper describes the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy and industry partners to analyze the use of small hydrogen fuel-cell stacks to extend the range of battery electric vehicles as a means of improving utility, and presumably, increasing market adoption. This analysis employs real-world vocational data and near-term economic assumptions to (1) identify optimal component configurations for minimizing lifecycle costs, (2) benchmark economic performance relative to both battery electric and conventional powertrains, and (3) understand how the optimal design and its competitiveness change with respect to duty cycle and economic climate. It is found that small fuel-cell power units provide extended range at significantly lower capital and lifecycle costs than additional battery capacity alone. And while fuel-cell range-extended vehicles are not deemed economically competitive with conventional vehicles given present-day economic conditions, this paper identifies potential future scenarios where cost equivalency is achieved.
Wood, E.; Wang, L.; Gonder, J.; Ulsh, M.
Optimal control of batteries with fully and partially available rechargeability
Motivated by the increasing dependence of many systems on battery energy, we study the problem of optimally controlling how to discharge and recharge a non-ideal battery so as to maximize the work it can perform over a given time period and still maintain ... Keywords: Energy-aware system, Kinetic battery model, Optimal control
Tao Wang; Christos G. Cassandras
Computationally Simple Battery Management Techniques for Wireless Nodes
Computationally Simple Battery Management Techniques for Wireless Nodes Maria Adamou 1 and Saswati In this paper, we investigate di#11;erent battery management policies for a wireless node. The goal is to increase the lifetime of a node by exploiting its battery characteristics. We have presented a framework
Sarkar, Saswati
Revisit Carbon/Sulfur Composite for Li-S Batteries
To correlate the carbon properties e.g. surface area and porous structure, with the electrochemical behaviors of carbon/sulfur (C/S) composite cathodes for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, four different carbon frameworks including Ketjen Black (KB, high surface area and porous), Graphene (high surface area and nonporous), Acetylene Black (AB, low surface area and nonporous) and Hollow Carbon Nano Sphere (HCNS, low surface area and porous) are employed to immobilize sulfur (80 wt.%). It has been revealed that high surface area of carbon improves the utilization rate of active sulfur and decreases the real current density during the electrochemical reactions. Accordingly, increased reversible capacities and reduced polarization are observed for high surface area carbon hosts such as KB/S and graphene/S composites. The porous structure of KB or HCNS matrix promotes the long-term cycling stability of C/S composites but only at relatively low rate (0.2 C). Once the current density increases, the pore effect completely disappears and all Li-S batteries show similar trend of capacity degradation regardless of the different carbon hosts used in the cathodes. The reason has been assigned to the formation of reduced amount of irreversible Li2S on the cathode as well as shortened time for polysulfides to transport towards lithium anode at elevated current densities. This work provides valuable information for predictive selection on carbon materials to construct C/S composite for practical applications from the electrochemical point of view.
Zheng, Jianming; Gu, Meng; Wagner, Michael J.; Hays, Kevin; Li, Xiaohong S.; Zuo, Pengjian; Wang, Chong M.; Zhang, Jiguang; Liu, Jun; Xiao, Jie
falls into this category if the PV DC conductors penetrate the house. Although batteries are not power generators,
. As the system complexity increases, with batteries, generators, and possibly wind- or microhydro-power inputs
Johnson, Eric E.
Electro-Thermal Modeling to Improve Battery Design: Preprint
Operating temperature greatly affects the performance and life of batteries in electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Increased attention is necessary to battery thermal management. Electrochemical models and finite element analysis tools are available for predicting the thermal performance of batteries, but each has limitations. This study describes an electro-thermal finite element approach that predicts the thermal performance of a battery cell or module with realistic geometry.
Bharathan, D.; Pesaran, A.; Kim, G.; Vlahinos, A.
New Nanostructured Li2S/Silicon Rechargeable Battery with High Specific Energy
-Energy Battery Research and Opportunities.................... Lithium Intercalation Cathodes (hypothetical) 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 150-300 75-150 LiCoO2 cathode Li-ion battery module 0.5 1.0 300 150 NiMH battery of the battery mass. The cathode makes up the largest fraction due to its low specific ion capacity relative
of �acceptability�. Targeted battery costs are $200-$300 persafety will increase battery cost. Table E-1: Comparing PHEVthis report. 3.5 Costs Battery cost is thought to be one of
Auxiliary battery charging terminal
In accordance with the present invention there is provided an auxiliary battery charging terminal that may selectively engage battery charging circuitry inside a portable radio pager. There is provided a current conducting cap having a downwardly and outwardly flared rim that deforms to lock under the crimped edge an insulating seal ring of a standard rechargeable cell by application of a compressive axial force. The auxiliary battery charging terminal is further provided with a central tip axially projecting upwardly from the cap. The auxiliary terminal may be further provided with a cap of reduced diameter to circumferentially engage the raised battery cathode terminal on the battery cell. A mating recess in a remote battery charging receptacle may receive the tip to captivate the battery cell against lateral displacement. The tip may be further provided with a rounded apex to relieve localized frictional forces upon insertion and removal of the battery cell from the remote battery charging receptacle.
Field, H.; Richter, R. E.
Monitoring apparatus and method for battery power supply
A monitoring apparatus and method are disclosed for monitoring and/or indicating energy that a battery power source has then remaining and/or can deliver for utilization purposes as, for example, to an electric vehicle. A battery mathematical model forms the basis for monitoring with a capacity prediction determined from measurement of the discharge current rate and stored battery parameters. The predicted capacity is used to provide a state-of-charge indication. Self-calibration over the life of the battery power supply is enacted through use of a feedback voltage based upon the difference between predicted and measured voltages to correct the battery mathematical model. Through use of a microprocessor with central information storage of temperature, current and voltage, system behavior is monitored, and system flexibility is enhanced.
Martin, Harry L. (Knoxville, TN); Goodson, Raymond E. (West Lafayette, IN)
National Labs Leading Charge on Building Better Batteries | Department of
Labs Leading Charge on Building Better Batteries Labs Leading Charge on Building Better Batteries National Labs Leading Charge on Building Better Batteries September 26, 2011 - 12:36pm Addthis Berkeley Lab researchers have designed a new anode -- a key component of lithium ion batteries -- made from a "tailored polymer" (pictured above at right in purple). It has a greater capacity to store energy since it can conduct electricity itself rather than using a polymer binder (such as PVDF, pictured above at left in brown) in the traditional method. Berkeley Lab researchers have designed a new anode -- a key component of lithium ion batteries -- made from a "tailored polymer" (pictured above at right in purple). It has a greater capacity to store energy since it can conduct electricity itself rather than using a polymer binder (such as
High energy cathode material for long-life and safe lithium batteries.
Layered lithium nickel-rich oxides, Li[Ni{sub 1-x}M{sub x}]O{sub 2} (M=metal), have attracted significant interest as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries owing to their high capacity, excellent rate capability and low cost. However, their low thermal-abuse tolerance and poor cycle life, especially at elevated temperature, prohibit their use in practical batteries. Here, we report on a concentration-gradient cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries based on a layered lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. In this material, each particle has a central bulk that is rich in Ni and a Mn-rich outer layer with decreasing Ni concentration and increasing Mn and Co concentrations as the surface is approached. The former provides high capacity, whereas the latter improves the thermal stability. A half cell using our concentration-gradient cathode material achieved a high capacity of 209 mA h g{sup -1} and retained 96% of this capacity after 50 charge-discharge cycles under an aggressive test profile (55 C between 3.0 and 4.4 V). Our concentration-gradient material also showed superior performance in thermal-abuse tests compared with the bulk composition Li[Ni{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.1}Mn{sub 0.1}]O{sub 2} used as reference. These results suggest that our cathode material could enable production of batteries that meet the demanding performance and safety requirements of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Sun, Y.-K.; Myung, S.-T.; Park, B.-C.; Prakash, J.; Belharouak, I.; Amine, K.; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division; Hanyang Univ.; Iwate Univ.; Illinois Inst. of Tech.
High-temperature sodium nickel chloride battery for electric vehicles
Although the sodium-nickel chloride cell couple has a high voltage (2.59 V) and a high specific energy (790 Wh/kg), the performance of present incarnations of this battery tend to be limited by their power. Because the nickel chloride electrode dominates the resistance and weight of the cell, research on this cell couple at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has been primarily directed toward improving both the specific power and energy of the NiCl{sub 2} electrodes. During the course of these investigations a major breakthrough was achieved in lowering the impedance and increasing the usable capacity through the use of chemical additives and a tailored electrode morphology. This improved Ni/NiCl{sub 2} electrode has excellent performance characteristics, wide-temperature operation and fast recharge capability. Modeling studies done on this electrode indicate that a fully developed Na/NiCl{sub 2} battery based on ANL-single tube and bipolar designs would surpass the mid-term and approach the long-term goals of the US Advanced Battery Consortium.
Prakash, J.; Redey, L.; Nelson, P.A.; Vissers, D.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Electrotechnical Technology Program
An award-winning technology that can boost the capacity of rechargeabl...
An award-winning technology that can boost the capacity of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries has just gotten even better. Schematic of an ideal binder system for high-capacity...
Rechargeable electric battery system
A rechargable battery, system and method for controlling its operation and the recharging thereof in order to prolong the useful life of the battery and to optimize its operation is disclosed. In one form, an electronic microprocessor is provided within or attached to the battery for receiving and processing electrical signals generated by one or more sensors of battery operational variable and for generating output signals which may be employed to control the charge of the battery and to display one or more variables concerned with the battery operation.
Lemelson, J.H.
Battery cell for a primary battery
A battery cell for a primary battery, particularly a flat cell battery to be activated on being taken into use, e.g., when submerged into water. The battery cell comprises a positive current collector and a negative electrode. A separator layer which, being in contact with the negative electrode, is disposed between said negative electrode and the positive current collector. A depolarizing layer containing a depolarizing agent is disposed between the positive current collector and the separate layer. An intermediate layer of a porous, electrically insulating, and water-absorbing material is disposed next to the positive current collector and arranged in contact with the depolarizing agent.
Hakkinen, A.
A Stable Vanadium Redox-Flow Battery with High Energy Density for Large-scale Energy Storage
Low cost, high performance redox flow batteries are highly demanded for up to multi-megawatt levels of renewable and grid energy storage. Here, we report a new vanadium redox flow battery with a significant improvement over the current technologies. This new battery utilizes a sulfate-chloride mixed solution, which is capable of dissolving more than 2.5 M vanadium or about a 70% increase in the energy storage capacity over the current vanadium sulfate system. More importantly, the new electrolyte remains stable over a wide temperature range of -5 to 60oC, potentially eliminating the need of active heat management. Its high energy density, broad operational temperature window, and excellent electrochemical performance would lead to a significant reduction in the cost of energy storage, thus accelerating its market penetration.
Li, Liyu; Kim, Soowhan; Wang, Wei; Vijayakumar, M.; Nie, Zimin; Chen, Baowei; Zhang, Jianlu; Xia, Guanguang; Hu, Jian Z.; Graff, Gordon L.; Liu, Jun; Yang, Zhenguo
Redox reactions with empirical potentials: Atomistic battery discharge simulations
Batteries are pivotal components in overcoming some of today's greatest technological challenges. Yet to date there is no self-consistent atomistic description of a complete battery. We take first steps toward modeling of a battery as a whole microscopically. Our focus lies on phenomena occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface which are not easily studied with other methods. We use the redox split-charge equilibration (redoxSQE) method that assigns a discrete ionization state to each atom. Along with exchanging partial charges across bonds, atoms can swap integer charges. With redoxSQE we study the discharge behavior of a nano-battery, and demonstrate that this reproduces the generic properties of a macroscopic battery qualitatively. Examples are the dependence of the battery's capacity on temperature and discharge rate, as well as performance degradation upon recharge.
Dapp, Wolf B
Solar battery energizer
A battery energizer for button batteries, such as zinc-silver oxide or zinc-mercuric oxide batteries, that are normally considered unchargeable, provides for energizing of the batteries in a safe and simple manner. A solar cell having a maximum current output (e.g., 20 milliamps) is operatively connected to terminals for releasably receiving a button battery. A light emitting diode, or like indicator, provides an indication of when the battery is fully energized, and additionally assists in preventing overenergization of the battery. The solar cell, terminals, LED, and the like can be mounted on a nonconductive material mounting plate which is mounted by a suction cup and hook to a window, adjacent a light bulb, or the like. A battery charger for conventional dry cell rechargeable batteries (such as nickel-cadmium batteries) utilizes the solar cells, and LED, and a zener diode connected in parallel with terminals. An adaptor may be provided with the terminal for adapting them for use with any conventional size dry cell battery, and a simple dummy battery may be utilized so that less than the full complement of batteries may be charged utilizing the charger.
Thompson, M. E.
Battery charger polarity circuit control
A normally open polarity sensing circuit is interposed between the charging current output of a battery charger and battery terminal clamps connected with a rechargeable storage battery. Normally open reed switches, closed by battery positive terminal potential, gates silicon controlled recitifiers for battery charging current flow according to the polarity of the battery.
Santilli, R.R.
Modeling & Simulation - Batteries
Production of Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Production of Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles battery assessment graph Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are currently being implemented in hybrid electric (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), and electric (EV) vehicles. While nickel metal-hydride will continue to be the battery chemistry of choice for some HEV models, Li-ion will be the dominate battery chemistry of the remaining market share for the near-future. Large government incentives are currently necessary for customer acceptance of the vehicles such as the Chevrolet Volt and Nissan Leaf. Understanding the parameters that control the cost of Li-ion will help researchers and policy makers understand the potential of Li-ion batteries to meet battery energy density and cost goals, thus enabling widespread adoption without incentives.
Batteries and Fuel Cells
Collage of electric cars, plug, battery research lab Collage of electric cars, plug, battery research lab Batteries and Fuel Cells EETD researchers study the basic science and development of advanced batteries and fuel cells for transportation, electric grid storage, and other stationary applications. This research is aimed at developing more environmentally friendly technologies for generating and storing energy, including better batteries and fuel cells. Li-Ion and Other Advanced Battery Technologies Research conducted here on battery technology is aimed at developing low-cost rechargeable advanced electrochemical batteries for both automotive and stationary applications. The goal of fuel cell research is to provide the technologies for the successful commercialization of polymer-electrolyte and solid oxide fuel
BEST for batteries
The Battery Energy Storage Test (BEST) Facility, Hillsborough Township, New Jersey, will investigate advanced battery performance, reliability, and economy and will verify system characteristics and performance in an actual utility environment.
Lihach, N.
Aluminum ION Battery
�Lower cost because of abundant aluminum resources ... Li-ion battery (LiC 6 - Mn 2 O 4) 106 4.0 424 Al-ion battery (Al - Mn 2 O 4) 400 2.65 1,060
Dual battery system
A dual battery system is described, comprising: a primary first battery having a first open circuit voltage, the first battery including a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode, and a first electrolyte; a second battery having a second open circuit voltage less than the first open circuit voltage, the second battery including a second positive electrode, a second negative electrode, and a second electrolyte stored separately and isolated from the first electrolyte; a pair of positive and negative terminals; and electrical connections connecting the first and second batteries in parallel to the terminals so that, as current is drawn from the batteries, the amount of current drawn from each respective battery at a constant voltage level varies with the magnitude of the current.
Wruck, W.J.
Hardware Architecture for Measurements for 50-V Battery Modules
Energy storage devices, especially batteries, have become critical for several industries including automotive, electric utilities, military and consumer electronics. With the increasing demand for electric and hybrid electric vehicles and the explosion in popularity of mobile and portable electronic devices such as laptops, cell phones, e-readers, tablet computers and the like, reliance on portable energy storage devices such as batteries has likewise increased. Because many of the systems these batteries integrated into are critical, there is an increased need for an accurate in-situ method of monitoring battery state-of-health. Over the past decade the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Montana Tech of the University of Montana (Tech), and Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI) have been developing the Smart Battery Status Monitor (SBSM), an integrated battery management system designed to monitor battery health, performance and degradation and use this knowledge for effective battery management and increased battery life. Key to the success of the SBSM is an in-situ impedance measurement system called the Impedance Measurement Box (IMB). One of the challenges encountered has been development of a compact IMB system that will perform rapid accurate measurements of a battery impedance spectrum working with higher voltage batteries of up to 300 volts. This paper discusses the successful realization of a system that will work up to 50 volts.
Patrick Bald; Evan Juras; Jon P. Christophersen; William Morrison
Alan MacDiarmid, Conductive Polymers, and Plastic Batteries
Alan MacDiarmid, Conductive Polymers, and Plastic Batteries Alan MacDiarmid, Conductive Polymers, and Plastic Batteries Resources with Additional Information · Patents Alan MacDiarmid ©Alan MacDiarmid/ University of Pennsylvania Photo by Felice Macera Until 1987, the billions of batteries that had been marketed in myriad sizes and shapes all had one thing in common. To make electricity, they depended exclusively upon chemical reactions involving metal components of the battery. But today a revolutionary new type of battery is available commercially. It stores electricity in plastic. Plastic batteries are the most radical innovation in commercial batteries since the dry cell was introduced in 1890. Plastic batteries offer higher capacity, higher voltage, and longer shelf-life than many competitive designs. Companies are testing new shapes and configurations, including flat batteries, that can be bent like cardboard. Researchers expect that the new technology will free electronic designers from many of the constraints imposed by metal batteries such as limited recharging cycles, high weight, and high cost.
Anodes for Batteries
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss, "constructive corrosion" as it occurs in power generated devices, specifically batteries.
Windisch, Charles F.
Soldier power. Battery charging.
Soldier power. Marine. Battery charging. Advertising. Remote. SOFC (NanoDynamics, AMI) 60 watts q SOFC #12;
Hong, Deog Ki
Nickel/zinc batteries
A review of the design, components, electrochemistry, operation and performance of nickel-zinc batteries is presented. 173 references. (WHK)
McBreen, J.
SLA battery separators
Since they first appeared in the early 1970's, sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries have been a rapidly growing factor in the battery industry - in rechargeable, deep-cycle, and automotive storage systems. The key to these sealed batteries is the binderless, absorptive glass microfiber separator which permits the electrolyte to recombine after oxidation. The result is no free acid, no outgassing, and longer life. The batteries are described.
Fujita, Y.
Nanostructured, Rechargeable Solid-State Composite Batteries
Research on all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries has increased considerably in recent years due to raised concerns relating to safety hazards such as solvent leakage and flammability of liquid electrolytes used for commercial lithium-ion ...
Mesoporous Titanium Oxide Based Anodes for Batteries
Presentation_namefor the U.S. Department of Energy Mesoporous TiO 2 Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries Mesoporous TiO 2 ... Increased energy density ?Mesoporous TiO. 2 .
Lithium-ion batteries : an unexpected advance.
The discovery that the electronic conductivity of LiFePO{sub 4} can be increased by eight orders of magnitude may have a profound impact on the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Thackeray, M. M.; Chemical Engineering
Advanced Solid State Li-Ion Battery
battery, map parcel, med
Attic *** book teachest Servant dictionary scarf [11] Winery demijohn battery, map AuntLair X] EastAnnex battery[4] Cupboard2 [2] mask DeadEnd rucksack AlisonWriting [16] TinyBalcony [17] gold key. [2] Need new torch battery (see [4]) to enter. Then get painting. [3] To please aunt, must move
Rosenthal, Jeffrey S.
Servant dictionary battery, map
Sodium sulfur battery seal
This invention is directed to a seal for a sodium sulfur battery in which a flexible diaphragm sealing elements respectively engage opposite sides of a ceramic component of the battery which separates an anode compartment from a cathode compartment of the battery.
Topouzian, Armenag (Birmingham, MI)
Recycle of battery materials
Studies were conducted on the recycling of advanced battery system components for six different battery systems. These include: Nickel/Zinc, Nickel/Iron, Zinc/Chlorine, Zinc/Bromine, Sodium/Sulfur, and Lithium-Aluminum/Iron Sulfide. For each battery system, one or more processes has been developed which would permit recycling of the major or active materials.
Pemsler, J.P.; Spitz, R.A.
Alkaline storage battery
An alkaline storage battery having located in a battery container a battery element comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a gas ionizing auxiliary electrode, in which the gas ionizing electrode is contained in a bag of microporous film, is described.
Suzuki, S.
Modeling of Transport in Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
Lithium ion battery systems are promising solutions to current energy storage needs due to their high operating voltage and capacity. Numerous efforts have been conducted to model these systems in order to aid the design process and avoid expensive and time consuming prototypical experiments. Of the numerous processes occurring in these systems, solid state transport in particular has drawn a large amount of attention from the research community, as it tends to be one of the rate limiting steps in lithium ion battery performance. Recent studies have additionally indicated that purposeful design of battery electrodes using 3D microstructures offers new freedoms in design, better use of available cell area, and increased battery performance. The following study is meant to serve as a first principles investigation into the behaviors of 3D electrode architectures by monitoring concentration and cycle behaviors under realistic operating conditions. This was accomplished using computational tools to model the solid state diffusion behavior in several generated electrode morphologies. Developed computational codes were used to generate targeted structures under prescribed conditions of particle shape, size, and overall morphology. The diffusion processes in these morphologies were simulated under conditions prescribed from literature. Primary results indicate that parameters usually employed to describe electrode geometry, such as volume to surface area ratio, cannot be solely relied upon to predict or characterize performance. Additionally, the interaction between particle shapes implies some design aspects that may be exploited to improve morphology behavior. Of major importance is the degree of particle isolation and overlap in 3D architectures, as these govern gradient development and lithium depletion within the electrode structures. The results of this study indicate that there are optimum levels of these parameters, and so purposeful design must make use of these behaviors.
Martin, Michael
Primary and secondary ambient temperature lithium batteries
These proceedings collect papers on the subject of batteries. Topics include: lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium-sulphur batteries, metal-metal oxide batteries, metal-nonmetal batteries, spacecraft power supplies, electrochemistry, and battery containment materials.
Gabano, J.P.; Takehara, Z.; Bro, P.
Evidence from the U.S. and some other countries indicates that organized wholesale markets for electrical energy and operating reserves do not provide adequate incentives to stimulate the proper quantity or mix of generating capacity consistent with mandatory reliability criteria. A large part of the problem can be associated with the failure of wholesale spot market prices for energy and operating reserves to rise to high enough levels during periods when generating capacity is fully utilized. Reforms to wholesale energy markets, the introduction of well-design forward capacity markets, and symmetrical treatment of demand response and generating capacity resources to respond to market and institutional imperfections are discussed. This policy reform program is compatible with improving the efficiency of spot wholesale electricity markets, the continued evolution of competitive retail markets, and restores incentives for efficient investment in generating capacity consistent with operating reliability criteria applied by system operators. It also responds to investment disincentives that have been associated with volatility in wholesale energy prices, limited hedging opportunities and to concerns about regulatory opportunism. 1
Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow
Nanostructured Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries - Energy ...
New Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries Increase Energy Density Four-Fold Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS), managing contractor of the Savannah River Site (SRS ...
Performance Analysis of Battery Power Management Schemes in Wireless Mobile Balakrishna J. Prabhu, A. Chockalingam and Vinod Sharma
Performance Analysis of Battery Power Management Schemes in Wireless Mobile Devices Balakrishna J Abstract--In this paper, we analyze the performance of battery power management schemes in wireless mobile devices using a queueing theory approach. We model the battery as a server with finite service capacity
Sharma, Vinod
A dynamic battery model for co-design in cyber-physical systems Fumin Zhang, Zhenwu Shi
A dynamic battery model for co-design in cyber-physical systems Fumin Zhang, Zhenwu Shi School, Georgia 30332 Email: email@example.com Abstract We introduce a dynamic battery model that describes the variations of the capacity of a battery under time varying discharge current. This model supports a co
Battery Powered Electric Car, Using Photovoltaic Cells Assistance Juan Dixon, Alberto Ziga, Angel Abusleme and Daniel Soto
transport costs. Keywords: solar energy, battery charge, photovoltaic. 1 Introduction Although rangeBattery Powered Electric Car, Using Photovoltaic Cells Assistance Juan Dixon, Alberto Zúñiga, Angel-capacity batteries, it is still difficult to develop an economically viable and socially acceptable EV for massive
Rudnick, Hugh
Battery condition indicator
A battery condition indicator is described for indicating both the charge used and the life remaining in a rechargeable battery comprising: rate multiplying and counting means for indirectly measuring the charge useed by the battery between charges; means for supplying variable rate clock pulse to the rate multiplying and counting means, the rate of the clock pulses being a function of whether a high current consumption load is connected to the battery or not; timing means for measuring the total time in service of the battery; charge used display means responsive to the rate multiplying and counting means for providing an indication of the charge remaining in the battery; and age display means responsive to the timing means for providing an indication of the life or age of the battery.
Fernandez, E.A.
Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium
Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes Title Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2011 Authors Liu, Gao, Shidi Xun, Nenad Vukmirovic, Xiangyun Song, Paul Olalde-Velasco, Honghe Zheng, Vince S. Battaglia, Linwang Wang, and Wanli Yang Journal Advanced Materials Volume 23 Start Page 4679 Issue 40 Pagination 4679 - 4683 Date Published 10/2011 Keywords binders, conducting polymers, density funcational theory, lithium batteries, X-ray spectroscopy Abstract A conductive polymer is developed for solving the long-standing volume change issue in lithium battery electrodes. A combination of synthesis, spectroscopy and simulation techniques tailors the electronic structure of the polymer to enable in situ lithium doping. Composite anodes based on this polymer and commercial Si particles exhibit 2100 mAh g-1 in Si after 650 cycles without any conductive additive.
Industrial battery stack
A novel industrial battery stack is disclosed, wherein positive plates which have been longitudinally wrapped with a perforate or semi-perforate material are accurately aligned with respect to the negative plates and separators in the stack during the stacking operation. The novel spacing members of the present invention have a generally U-shaped cross section for engaging through the wrapping a portion of the positive plate adjacent to the longitudinal edges of that plate. Projections protruding substantially from the base of the ''U'' provide the proper distance between the edge of the wrapped plate and an adjacent longitudinal surface. During the stacking and burning operation, this longitudinal surface comprises the back wall of a novel industrial battery plate holder. Following the burning of the battery stack and its subsequent assembly into an appropriate industrial battery case, the spacing member or members act to protect the positive battery plates and retain them in their proper alignment during the operation of the battery. Applicants have also provided a novel apparatus and method for stacking, aligning and burning industrial battery stacks which comprises a battery stack holder having several upstanding walls which define a stacking column having a coplanar terminus. An adjustably locatable partition within said stacking column may be disposed at any of a plurality of positions parallel with respect to the coplanar terminus so that the battery stack holder may be adjusted for any of a variety of given sizes of plates and separators. The battery plates and separators may then be stacked into the battery stack holder so that only the plate lugs extrude beyond the coplanar terminus. A dam is insertable along the top of the battery plates and across the top of the upstanding side walls of the battery stack holder to facilitate the rapid efficient burning of the industrial battery stack.
Digiacomo, H.L.; Sacco, J.A.
Modeling capacity fade in lithium-ion cells.
Battery life is an important, yet technically challenging, issue for battery development and application. Adequately estimating battery life requires a significant amount of testing and modeling effort to validate the results. Integrated battery testing and modeling is quite feasible today to simulate battery performance, and therefore applicable to predict its life. A relatively simple equivalent-circuit model (ECM) is used in this work to show that such an integrated approach can actually lead to a high-fidelity simulation of a lithium-ion cell's performance and life. The methodology to model the cell's capacity fade during thermal aging is described to illustrate its applicability to battery calendar life prediction.
Liaw, Bor Yann (University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI); Doughty, Daniel Harvey; Nagasubramanian, Ganesan; Jungst, Rudolph George
Selected test results from the neosonic polymer Li-ion battery.
The performance of the Neosonic polymer Li-ion battery was measured using a number of tests including capacity, capacity as a function of temperature, ohmic resistance, spectral impedance, hybrid pulsed power test, utility partial state of charge (PSOC) pulsed cycle test, and an over-charge/voltage abuse test. The goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of the polymer Li-ion battery technology for utility applications requiring frequent charges and discharges, such as voltage support, frequency regulation, wind farm energy smoothing, and solar photovoltaic energy smoothing. Test results have indicated that the Neosonic polymer Li-ion battery technology can provide power levels up to the 10C{sub 1} discharge rate with minimal energy loss compared to the 1 h (1C) discharge rate. Two of the three cells used in the utility PSOC pulsed cycle test completed about 12,000 cycles with only a gradual loss in capacity of 10 and 13%. The third cell experienced a 40% loss in capacity at about 11,000 cycles. The DC ohmic resistance and AC spectral impedance measurements also indicate that there were increases in impedance after cycling, especially for the third cell. Cell No.3 impedance Rs increased significantly along with extensive ballooning of the foil pouch. Finally, at a 1C (10 A) charge rate, the over charge/voltage abuse test with cell confinement similar to a multi cell string resulted in the cell venting hot gases at about 45 C 45 minutes into the test. At 104 minutes into the test the cell voltage spiked to the 12 volt limit and continued out to the end of the test at 151 minutes. In summary, the Neosonic cells performed as expected with good cycle-life and safety.
Ingersoll, David T.; Hund, Thomas D.
Collecting battery data with Open Battery Gareth L. Jones1
Collecting battery data with Open Battery Gareth L. Jones1 and Peter G. Harrison2 1,2 Imperial present Open Battery, a tool for collecting data on mobile phone battery usage, describe the data we have a useful tool in future work to describe mobile phone battery traces. 1998 ACM Subject Classification D.4
Imperial College, London
Efficient Power Profiling for Battery-Driven Embedded System Design
The ability to efficiently and accurately estimate battery life under different design choices at the system level is an important aid in designing battery-efficient systems. Recently developed battery models help by estimating battery life under given profiles of the battery discharge current over time. However, existing techniques for energy (or average power) estimation do not provide sufficient information (such as time profiles of system power consumption) to drive battery-life estimation. Techniques that are capable of generating such profiles often lack the efficiency required to support exploration at the system level. In this paper, we describe techniques for efficient generation of system-level power profiles, for use in a battery-life estimation framework. Our power profiling technique allows a designer to experiment with: 1) the mapping of system tasks to a set of architectural components and 2) the mapping of system communications to a specified communication architecture, and efficiently generate system power profiles for each alternative. The resulting profiles can then be analyzed using existing battery models to estimate battery lifetime and capacity. Extensive experiments conducted on an IEEE 802.11 MAC processor design demonstrate that our power profiler offers orders of magnitude improvement in runtimes over state-of-the-art cosimulation-based power estimation techniques, while suffering minimal loss of accuracy (average profiling error was 3.8%).
Kanishka Lahiri; Anand Raghunathan; Senior Member; Sujit Dey
PNGV Battery Performance Testing and Analyses
In support of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has developed novel testing procedures and analytical methodologies to assess the performance of batteries for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV�s). Tests have been designed for both Power Assist and Dual Mode applications. They include both characterization and cycle life and/or calendar life. At periodic intervals during life testing, a series of Reference Performance Tests are executed to determine changes in the baseline performance of the batteries. Analytical procedures include a battery scaling methodology, the calculation of pulse resistance, pulse power, available energy, and differential capacity, and the modeling of calendar- and cycle-life data. PNGV goals, test procedures, analytical methodologies, and representative results are presented.
Motloch, Chester George; Belt, Jeffrey R; Christophersen, Jon Petter; Wright, Randy Ben; Hunt, Gary Lynn; Sutula, Raymond; Duong, T.Q.; Barnes, J.A.; Miller, Ted J.; Haskind, H. J.; Tartamella, T. J.
Modeling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Batteries from a Systems Engineering Perspective
The lithium-ion battery is an ideal candidate for a wide variety of applications due to its high energy/power density and operating voltage. Some limitations of existing lithium-ion battery technology include underutilization, stress-induced material damage, capacity fade, and the potential for thermal runaway. This paper reviews efforts in the modeling and simulation of lithium-ion batteries and their use in the design of better batteries. Likely future directions in battery modeling and design including promising research opportunities are outlined.
Ramadesigan, V.; Northrop, P. W. C.; De, S.; Santhanagopalan, S.; Braatz, R. D.; Subramanian, Venkat R.
Recommended mission directed goals for electric vehicle battery research and development. The task force on electric vehicle battery goals
Research and development goal packages were developed for the state-of-the-art, flow-through, and bipolar lead-acid batteries, nickel/iron, nickel/zinc, nickel/cadmium, zinc/bromine, iron/air, lithium/iron sulfide, and sodium/sulfur technologies. Since each battery must satisfy mission power/energy requirements throughout every cycle of its operating life, the principal ''design point'' is the end-of-life condition. Since all batteries exhibit deteriorating performance with age, excess kWh capacity of 20 to 30 percent is required early in life. The Battery Panel first identified present state-of-the-art performance characteristics and design interrelationships for each battery technology, and projected the degree of advance expected by 1995. Near-term and 1995 design tradeoffs were modeled using the EVA computerized system developed by ANL. The next step was to target each battery system for a single range (80, 120 or 160 km), depending on its projected 1995 capabilities. For each battery, baseline calculations were carried out assuming the maximum battery weight (695 kg) to be on board. In addition to performance, life, and cost goals, development targets were also established for efficiency, maintenance, and allowable self-discharge rate. The Task Force attempted to establish battery cost requirements, assuming economic parity (in 1995) with other modes of transportation.
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Increasing the LIFE of batteries ARGONNE'S BATTERY POST-TEST FACILITY W h a t h a p p e n s t o b a t t e r ie s a s t h e y a g e ? H o w c a n w e e n s u r e s a f e u s e o f b...
Exploratory battery technology development and testing report for 1989
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, has been designated as Lead Center for the Exploratory Battery Technology Development and Testing Project, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Storage and Distribution. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering development of advanced rechargeable batteries for both mobile and stationary energy storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized in pursuit of the Lead Center's goals during calendar year 1989. 4 refs., 84 figs., 18 tabs.
Magnani, N.J.; Diegle, R.B.; Braithwaite, J.W.; Bush, D.M.; Freese, J.M.; Akhil, A.A.; Lott, S.E.
Li batteries with porous sol-gel cathodes
The structure presented is a high-capacity micro battery, lithium based, consisting of porous cathode, solid electrolyte and silver anode. A spinel LiNi"0"."4La"0"."1Mn"1"."5O"4 sol-gel layer was deposited on a porous ceramic substrate to give high specific ... Keywords: Layer oxides, Li ion batteries, Porous cathode, Sol-gel
Antonela Dima; Francesco Della Corte; Maurizio Casalino; Ivo Rendina
Hierarchically Structured Materials for Lithium Batteries
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is one of the most promising power sources to be deployed in electric vehicles (EV), including solely battery powered vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electrical vehicles. With the increasing demand on devices of high energy densities (>500 Wh/kg) , new energy storage systems, such as lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries and other emerging systems beyond the conventional LIB also attracted worldwide interest for both transportation and grid energy storage applications in recent years. It is well known that the electrochemical performances of these energy storage systems depend not only on the composition of the materials, but also on the structure of electrode materials used in the batteries. Although the desired performances characteristics of batteries often have conflict requirements on the micro/nano-structure of electrodes, hierarchically designed electrodes can be tailored to satisfy these conflict requirements. This work will review hierarchically structured materials that have been successfully used in LIB and Li-O2 batteries. Our goal is to elucidate 1) how to realize the full potential of energy materials through the manipulation of morphologies, and 2) how the hierarchical structure benefits the charge transport, promotes the interfacial properties, prolongs the electrode stability and battery lifetime.
Xiao, Jie; Zheng, Jianming; Li, Xiaolin; Shao, Yuyan; Zhang, Jiguang
Maxim> App Notes> Battery Management Power-Supply Circuits
APPLICATION NOTE 680 How to design battery charger applications that require external microcontrollers and related system-level issues Abstract: Notebook computers increasingly require complex battery charging algorithms and systems. This article provides information and background on lithium-ion (Li+), nickel-cadmium (NiCd), and nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries and related system-level switch-mode and linear battery chargers. These voltage regulators and current regulators are controlled by external microprocessors like the 8051 or Microchip PIC, and examples are provided with these controllers. An overview of requirements for charging common battery chemistries with Maxim battery charger ICs is provided, along with a discussion of system-level trade-offs and firmware design tips, and a list of World Wide Web engineering resources. The previous issue of Maxim's Engineering Journal (Vol. 27) discussed new developments in stand-alone battery chargers. This second article of a two-part series explores the system-level issues in applying battery-charger ICs. Over the past five years, market pressures on portable equipment have transformed the simple battery charger into a sophisticated switch-mode device capable of charging an advanced battery in 30 minutes. This development also marks a departure from the selfcontained, stand-alone charger ICs of only a few years ago. Some of those ICs included considerable intelligence: enough to handle the complex task of fast charging advanced batteries.
Battery utilizing ceramic membranes
A thin film battery is disclosed based on the use of ceramic membrane technology. The battery includes a pair of conductive collectors on which the materials for the anode and the cathode may be spin coated. The separator is formed of a porous metal oxide ceramic membrane impregnated with electrolyte so that electrical separation is maintained while ion mobility is also maintained. The entire battery can be made less than 10 microns thick while generating a potential in the 1 volt range.
Yahnke, Mark S. (Berkeley, CA); Shlomo, Golan (Haifa, IL); Anderson, Marc A. (Madison, WI)
Lithium battery management system
Provided is a system for managing a lithium battery system having a plurality of cells. The battery system comprises a variable-resistance element electrically connected to a cell and located proximate a portion of the cell; and a device for determining, utilizing the variable-resistance element, whether the temperature of the cell has exceeded a predetermined threshold. A method of managing the temperature of a lithium battery system is also included.
Dougherty, Thomas J. (Waukesha, WI)
Advanced materials for lithium rechargeable battery.
??Due to the rapid increase in the use of portable computers, mobile phones, and electric vehicles, there is an increasing demand for larger capacity, smaller� (more)
Idris, Nurul Hayati
Battery Photo Archive
Research and Analysis Computing Center Working With Argonne Contact TTRDC Battery Photo Archive The following images may be used freely as long as they are accompanied...
Electronically configured battery pack
Battery packs for portable equipment must sometimes accommodate conflicting requirements to meet application needs. An electronically configurable battery pack was developed to support two highly different operating modes, one requiring very low power consumption at a low voltage and the other requiring high power consumption at a higher voltage. The configurable battery pack optimizes the lifetime and performance of the system by making the best use of all available energy thus enabling the system to meet its goals of operation, volume, and lifetime. This paper describes the cell chemistry chosen, the battery pack electronics, and tradeoffs made during the evolution of its design.
Kemper, D.
Zinc-Nickel Battery
The short lifetime of the conventional zinc-nickel oxide battery has been the primary factor limiting its commercial use, ... Higher voltage, lower co ...
Energy Materials: Battery Technologies
... batteries of miniature electronic devices to large power source of electric vehicles. ... process developments on electrodes and separators and safety design.
Applying the Battery Ownership Model in Pursuit of Optimal Battery...
vehicle types, configurations, and use strategies - Accounting for the added utility, battery wear, and infrastructure costs of range-extension techniques (battery swap, fast...
Mesoporous Block Copolymer Battery Separators
is ~1-2 $ kg -1 , the cost of battery separators is ~120-240greatly reduce the cost of battery separators. Our approach1-2 $ kg -1 , the cost of a typical battery separator is in
Wong, David Tunmin
Method and system for constructing a rechargeable battery and battery structures formed with the method
A method and system for manufacturing a thin-film battery and a battery structure formed with the method utilizes a plurality of deposition stations at which thin battery component films are built up in sequence upon a web-like substrate as the substrate is automatically moved through the stations. At an initial station, cathode and anode current collector film sections are deposited upon the substrate, and at another station, a thin cathode film is deposited upon the substrate so to overlie part of the cathode current collector section. At another station, a thin electrolyte film is deposited upon so as to overlie the cathode film and part of the anode current collector film, at yet another station, a thin lithium film is deposited upon so as to overlie the electrolyte film and an additional part of the anode current collector film. Such a method accommodates the winding of a layup of battery components into a spiral configuration to provide a thin-film, high capacity battery and also accommodates the build up of thin film battery components onto a substrate surface having any of a number of shapes.
Hobson, David O. (Oak Ridge, TN); Snyder, Jr., William B. (Knoxville, TN)
Redox Flow Batteries: a Review
1137-1164 Date Published 102011 ISSN 1572-8838 Keywords Flow battery, Flow cell, Redox, Regenerative fuel cell, Vanadium Abstract Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are enjoying a...
Phylion Battery | Open Energy Information
| Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Phylion Battery Jump to: navigation, search Name Phylion Battery Place Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,...
Nanowire Lithium-Ion Battery
... workings of Li-ion batteries, they either lack the nanoscale spatial resolution commensurate with the morphology of the active battery materials and ...
How Green Is Battery Recycling?
Gaines Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory How Green Is Battery Recycling? 28 th International Battery Seminar and Exhibit Ft. Lauderdale, FL March...
Argonne to Advise Battery Alliance
and Analysis Computing Center Working With Argonne Contact TTRDC Argonne to advise battery alliance Lithium ion batteries are anticipated to replace gasoline as a major source...
Advanced Flow-Battery Systems
Presentation Title, Advanced Flow-Battery Systems ... Abstract Scope, Flow- battery systems (FBS) were originally developed over 30 years ago and have since�...
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues IEA Workshop on Battery Recycling Hoboken, Belgium September 26-27, 2011 Linda Gaines Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory...
Prieto Battery | Open Energy Information
Colorado-based startup company that is developing lithium ion batteries based on nano-structured materials. References Prieto Battery1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase...
California�s Energy Future: Transportation Energy Use in California
increasing average battery capacity thus reducing averageOver time, larger capacity battery systems should becomeof battery life revolves around degradation of capacity by
Yang, Christopher
Argonne TTRDC - TransForum v10n1 - Lithium-Air Battery
With Argonne Contact TTRDC TransForum Vol. 10, No. 1 Argonne to Explore Lithium-air Battery Li-air batteries hold the promise of increasing the energy density of LI-ion...
Advanced Intermediate-Temperature Na-S Battery
In this study, we reported an intermediate-temperature (~150�C) sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery. With a reduced operating temperature, this novel battery can potentially reduce the cost and safety issues associated with the conventional high-temperature (300~350�C) Na-S battery. A dense ?"-Al2O3 solid membrane and tetraglyme were utilized as the electrolyte separator and catholyte solvent in this battery. Solubility tests indicated that cathode mixture of Na2S4 and S exhibited extremely high solubility in tetraglyme (e.g., > 4.1 M for Na2S4 + 4 S). CV scans of Na2S4 in tetraglyme revealed two pairs of redox couples with peaks at around 2.22 and 1.75 V, corresponding to the redox reactions of polysulfide species. The discharge/charge profiles of the Na-S battery showed a slope region and a plateau, indicating multiple steps and cell reactions. In-situ Raman measurements during battery operation suggested that polysulfide species were formed in the sequence of Na2S5 + S ? Na2S5 + Na2S4? Na2S4 + Na2S2 during discharge and in a reverse order during charge. This battery showed dramatic improvement in rate capacity and cycling stability over room-temperature Na-S batteries, which makes it attractive for renewable energy integration and other grid related applications.
Lu, Xiaochuan; Kirby, Brent W.; Xu, Wu; Li, Guosheng; Kim, Jin Yong; Lemmon, John P.; Sprenkle, Vincent L.; Yang, Zhenguo (Gary)
Improving Battery Design with Electro-Thermal Modeling
Temperature greatly affects the performance and life of batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles under real driving conditions, so increased attention is being paid to battery thermal management. Sophisticated electrochemical models and finite element analysis tools are available for predicting the thermal performance of batteries, but each has limitations. In this study we describe an electro-thermal finite element approach that predicts the thermal performance of a cell or module with realistic geometry, material properties, loads, and boundary conditions.
Pesaran, A.; Vlahinos, A.; Bharathan, D.; Kim, G.-H.; Duong, T.
Batteries Batteries battery/cell diagram Battery/Cell Diagram Batteries are important to our everyday lives and show up in various consumer electronics and appliances, from MP3 players to laptops to our vehicles. Batteries play an important role in our vehicles and are gradually becoming more and more important as they assume energy storage responsibilities from fuel in vehicle propulsion systems. A battery is a device that stores chemical energy in its active materials and converts it, on demand, into electrical energy by means of an electrochemical reaction. An electrochemical reaction is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons, and it is that reaction which creates electricity. There are three main parts of a battery: the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode is the "fuel" electrode which gives up electrons to the external circuit to create the flow of electrons or electricity. The cathode is the oxidizing electrode which accepts electrons in the external circuit. Finally, the electrolyte carries the electric current, as ions, inside the cell, between the anode and cathode.
Battery paste expander material
Battery paste expander material for the negative plate of a lead--acid storage battery had the following composition: finely divided carbon; barium sulfate; lignosulfonic acid; sulfur; carbohydrates; and Ca/sup 2 +/, Na/sup +/, and NH/sub 4//sup +/ ions. (RWR)
Limbert, J.L.; Procter, H.G.; Poe, D.T.
Condition responsive battery charging circuit
A battery charging circuit includes a ferroresonant transformer having a rectified output for providing a constant output voltage to be supplied to a battery to be charged. Battery temperature is sensed providing an input to a control circuit which operates a shunt regulator associated with the ferroresonant transformer to provide battery charge voltage as a function of battery temperature. In response to a high battery temperature the controller functions to lower the output voltage to the battery, and in response to a low battery temperature, operates to provide a higher output voltage, with suitable control for any battery temperature between minus 10* and plus 150* fahrenheit. As the battery approaches full charge and battery acceptance current falls below a predetermined level, a charge cycle termination control allows charging to continue for a period preset by the operator, at the end of which period, line voltage is removed from the charger thereby terminating the charge cycle.
Reidenbach, S.G.
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage - Jesse Wainright, Case Western Reserve
authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage J.S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, P.I.s Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Purpose Impact on Iron Based Batteries on the DOE OE Energy Storage Mission Recent Results Recent Results Develop efficient, cost-effective grid level storage capability based on iron. Goals of this Effort: * Minimize Cost/Watt by increasing current density - Hardware Cost >> Electrolyte Cost * Minimize Cost/Whr by increasing plating capacity * Maximize Efficiency by minimizing current lost to hydrogen evolution Electrochemistry of the all-Iron system:
Fact Sheet: Sodium-Beta Batteries (October 2012) | Department of Energy
Beta Batteries (October 2012) Beta Batteries (October 2012) Fact Sheet: Sodium-Beta Batteries (October 2012) DOE's Energy Storage Program is funding research to further develop a novel planar design for sodium-beta batteries (Na-beta batteries or NBBs) that will improve energy and power densities and simplify manufacturing. This project will demonstrate a planar prototype that operates at <300 degrees Celsius and will scale up the storage capacity to 5 kW, improving on the performance levels being pursued in related battery research projects. Fact Sheet: Sodium-Beta Batteries (October 2012) More Documents & Publications Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Poster Session 1 (Day 1): ARPA-E Projects Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review and Update Meeting Advanced Materials and Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage
Sulfur-graphene oxide material for lithium-sulfur battery cathodes
Sulfur-graphene oxide material for lithium-sulfur battery cathodes Sulfur-graphene oxide material for lithium-sulfur battery cathodes Theoretical specific energy and theoretical energy density Scanning electron micrograph of the GO-S nanocomposite June 2013 Searching for a safer, less expensive alternative to today's lithium-ion batteries, scientists have turned to lithium-sulfur as a possible chemistry for next-generation batteries. Li/S batteries have several times the energy storage capacity of the best currently available rechargeable Li-ion battery, and sulfur is inexpensive and nontoxic. Current batteries using this chemistry, however, suffer from extremely short cycle life-they don't last through many charge-discharge cycles before they fail. A research team led by Elton Cairns and Yuegang Zhang has developed a new
Zinc air battery development for electric vehicles. Final report
This report summarizes the results of research conducted during the sixteen month continuation of a program to develop rechargeable zinc-air batteries for electric vehicles. The zinc-air technology under development incorporates a metal foam substrate for the zinc electrode, with flow of electrolyte through the foam during battery operation. In this ``soluble`` zinc electrode the zincate discharge product dissolves completely in the electrolyte stream. Cycle testing at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, where the electrode was invented, and at MATSI showed that this approach avoids the zinc electrode shape change phenomenon. Further, electrolyte flow has been shown to be necessary to achieve significant cycle life (> 25 cycles) in this open system. Without it, water loss through the oxygen electrode results in high-resistance failure of the cell. The Phase I program, which focused entirely on the zinc electrode, elucidated the conditions necessary to increase electrode capacity from 75 to as much as 300 mAh/cm{sup 2}. By the end of the Phase I program over 500 cycles had accrued on one of the zinc-zinc half cells undergoing continuous cycle testing. The Phase II program continued the half cell cycle testing and separator development, further refined the foam preplate process, and launched into performance and cycle life testing of zinc-air cells.
Putt, R.A.; Merry, G.W. [MATSI, Inc., Atlanta, GA (United States)
Nanostructured materials for lithium-ion batteries: Surface conductivity vs. bulk
Nanostructured materials for lithium-ion batteries: Surface conductivity vs. bulk ion cathode materials for high capacity lithium-ion batteries. Owing to their inherently low electronic in these materials is also to unravel the factors governing ion and electron transport within the lattice. Lithium de
Ryan, Dominic
Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for High-Rate Pulsed Load Applications
Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for High-Rate Pulsed Load Applications Donghwa Shin, Younghyun layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity
NREL: News Feature - Best for Batteries: Not Too Hot, Not Too...
Photo is from the bottom of the chamber looking up. Enlarge image NREL's Large-Volume Battery Calorimeter has the highest-capacity chamber in the world for testing of this kind....
Understanding the function and performance of carbon-enhanced lead-acid batteries : milestone report for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program (FY11 Quarter 4: July through September 2011).
This report describes the status of research being performed under CRADA No. SC10/01771.00 (Lead/Carbon Functionality in VRLA Batteries) between Sandia National Laboratories and East Penn Manufacturing, conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Systems Program. The Quarter 4 Milestone was completed on time. The milestone entails the initiation of high rate, partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycling of the carbon enhanced batteries. The morphology, porosity, and porosity distribution within the plates after 1k and 10k cycles were documented, illustrating the changes which take place in the early life of the carbon containing batteries, and as the battery approaches failure due to hard sulfation for the control battery. Longer term cycling on a subset of the received East Penn cells containing different carbons (and a control) continues, and will progress into FY12. Carbon has been explored as an addition to lead-acid battery electrodes in a number of ways. Perhaps the most notable to date has been the hybrid 'Ultrabattery' developed by CSIRO where an asymmetric carbon-based electrochemical capacitor is combined with a lead-acid battery into a single cell, dramatically improving high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) operation. As illustrated below, the 'Ultrabattery' is a hybrid device constructed using a traditional lead-acid battery positive plate (i.e., PbO2) and a negative electrode consisting of a carbon electrode in parallel with a lead-acid negative plate. This device exhibits a dramatically improved cycle life over traditional VRLA batteries, as well as increased charge power and charge acceptance. The 'Ultrabattery' has been produced successfully by both The Furukawa Battery Co. and East Penn Manufacturing. An example illustrating the dramatic improvement in cycle life of the Ultrabattery over a conventional VRLA battery is shown in a graph. In addition to the aforementioned hybrid device, carbon has also been added directly to traditional VRLA batteries as an admixture in both the positive and negative plates, the latter of which has been found to result in similar improvements to battery performance under high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) operation. It is this latter construction, where carbon is added directly to the negative active material (NAM) that is the specific incarnation being evaluated through this program. Thus, the carbon-modified (or Pb-C) battery (termed the 'Advanced' VRLA battery by East Penn Manufacturing) is a traditional VRLA battery where an additional component has been added to the negative electrode during production of the negative plate. The addition of select carbon materials to the NAM of VRLA batteries has been demonstrated to increase cycle life by an order of magnitude or more under (HRPSoC) operation. Additionally, battery capacity increases on cycling and, in fact, exceeds the performance of the batteries when new.
Ferreira, Summer Rhodes; Shane, Rodney (East Penn Manufacturing, Lyon Station, PA); Enos, David George
A smart control system for electric vehicle batteries
A smart control system for electric vehicle (EV) batteries was designed and its performance was evaluated. The hardware for the system was based on the Motorola MC68HC11ENB micro controller. A zinc bromide (Zn/Br{sub 2}) battery was chosen since it is a good candidate as an EV battery and has a large number of user variable parameters that affect its performance. The flexibility of the system arises from the fact that the system can be programmed to do a wide variety of jobs. The use of real time interrupts and other features makes the system safe for use along with the battery systems. Test data indicates that real time control of the different parameters can increase the performance of the battery by 15%. In addition to optimizing the performance of the battery the control system incorporates essential safety features.
Arikara, M.P.; Dickinson, B.E.; Branum, B. [Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas Engineering Experiment Station
Food Battery Competition Sponsored by
Food Battery Competition Sponsored by: The University of Tennessee, Materials Research Society (MRS growing populations and energy needs forever. Batteries have evolved a great deal and when you compare the bulky, heavy, toxic car lead batteries to the novel and outstanding lithium-ion batteries, you can
Tennessee, University of
Substation battery-maintenance procedures
The frequency of substation battery failures is gratifyingly low. One trouble spot appears to be extraneous short circuits that drain an otherwise healthy battery. Use of the lead--calcium battery promises to reduce substantially the amount of maintenance that substation batteries need.
Timmerman, M.H.
Capacity Markets for Electricity
ternative Approaches for Power Capacity Markets�, Papers andand Steven Stoft, �Installed Capacity and Price Caps: Oil onElectricity Markets Have a Capacity requirement? If So, How
Creti, Anna; Fabra, Natalia
2. Gas Productive Capacity
2. Gas Productive Capacity Gas Capacity to Meet Lower 48 States Requirements The United States has sufficient dry gas productive capacity at the wellhead to meet ...
Valve-Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Battery Seismic Testing: Initial Investigation
This report describes the results obtained when subjecting naturally aged valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries from two manufacturers to the capacity test, seismic test, and final capacity test described in IEEE Standard 535- 2006, Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Lead Storage Batteries for Nuclear Power Generating Stations. The project that is the subject of this report was not intended to be a formal qualification program or process. Instead, it was a test of the seismic ruggedness of ...
Battery-level material cost model facilitates high-power li-ion battery cost reductions.
Under the FreedomCAR Partnership, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is working to identify and develop advanced anode, cathode, and electrolyte components that can significantly reduce the cost of the cell chemistry, while simultaneously enhancing the calendar life and inherent safety of high-power Li-Ion batteries. Material cost savings are quantified and tracked via the use of a cell and battery design model that establishes the quantity of each material needed in batteries designed to meet the requirements of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In order to quantify the material costs, relative to the FreedomCAR battery cost goals, ANL uses (1) laboratory cell performance data, (2) its battery design model and (3) battery manufacturing process yields to create battery-level material cost models. Using these models and industry-supplied material cost information, ANL assigns battery-level material costs for different cell chemistries. These costs can then be compared to the battery cost goals to determine the probability of meeting the goals with these cell chemistries. The most recent freedomCAR cost goals for 25-kW and 40-kW power-assist HEV batteries are $500 and $800, respectively, which is $20/kW in both cases. In 2001, ANL developed a high-power cell chemistry that was incorporated into high-power 18650 cells for use in extensive accelerated aging and thermal abuse characterization studies. This cell chemistry serves as a baseline for this material cost study. It incorporates a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode, a synthetic graphite anode, and a LiPF6 in EC:EMC electrolyte. Based on volume production cost estimates for these materials-as well as those for binders/solvents, cathode conductive additives, separator, and current collectors--the total cell winding material cost for a 25-kW power-assist HEV battery is estimated to be $399 (based on a 48- cell battery design, each cell having a capacity of 15.4 Ah). This corresponds to {approx}$16/kW. Our goal is to reduce the cell winding material cost to <$10/kW, in order to allow >$10/kW for the cell and battery manufacturing costs, as well as profit for the industrial manufacturer. The material cost information is obtained directly from the industrial material suppliers, based on supplying the material quantities necessary to support an introductory market of 100,000 HEV batteries/year. Using its battery design model, ANL provides the material suppliers with estimates of the material quantities needed to meet this market, for both 25-kW and 40-kW power-assist HEV batteries. Also, ANL has funded a few volume-production material cost analyses, with industrial material suppliers, to obtain needed cost information. In a related project, ANL evaluates and develops low-cost advanced materials for use in high-power Li-Ion HEV batteries. [This work is the subject of one or more separate papers at this conference.] Cell chemistries are developed from the most promising low-cost materials. The performance characteristics of test cells that employ these cell chemistries are used as input to the cost model. Batteries, employing these cell chemistries, are designed to meet the FreedomCAR power, energy, weight, and volume requirements. The cost model then provides a battery-level material cost and material cost breakdown for each battery design. Two of these advanced cell chemistries show promise for significantly reducing the battery-level material costs (see Table 1), as well as enhancing calendar life and inherent safety. It is projected that these two advanced cell chemistries (A and B) could reduce the battery-level material costs by an estimated 24% and 43%, respectively. An additional cost advantage is realized with advanced chemistry B, due to the high rate capability of the 3-dimensional LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel cathode. This means that a greater percentage of the total Ah capacity of the cell is usable and cells with reduced Ah capacity can be used. This allows for a reduction in the quantity of the anode, electrolyte, separator, and current collector materials needed f
Henriksen, G.; Chemical Engineering
PNGV battery test manual
This manual defines a series of tests to characterize aspects of the performance or life cycle behavior of batteries for hybrid electric vehicle applications. Tests are defined based on the Partnership for New Generation Vehicles (PNGV) program goals, although it is anticipated these tests may be generally useful for testing energy storage devices for hybrid electric vehicles. Separate test regimes are defined for laboratory cells, battery modules or full size cells, and complete battery systems. Some tests are common to all three test regimes, while others are not normally applicable to some regimes. The test regimes are treated separately because their corresponding development goals are somewhat different.
A thin film battery is disclosed based on the use of ceramic membrane technology. The battery includes a pair of conductive collectors on which the materials for the anode and the cathode may be spin coated. The separator is formed of a porous metal oxide ceramic membrane impregnated with electrolyte so that electrical separation is maintained while ion mobility is also maintained. The entire battery can be made less than 10 microns thick while generating a potential in the 1 volt range. 2 figs.
Yahnke, M.S.; Shlomo, G.; Anderson, M.A.
BEEST: Electric Vehicle Batteries
BEEST Project: The U.S. spends nearly a $1 billion per day to import petroleum, but we need dramatically better batteries for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV) to truly compete with gasoline-powered cars. The 10 projects in ARPA-E�s BEEST Project, short for �Batteries for Electrical Energy Storage in Transportation,� could make that happen by developing a variety of rechargeable battery technologies that would enable EV/PHEVs to meet or beat the price and performance of gasoline-powered cars, and enable mass production of electric vehicles that people will be excited to drive.
Polymeric battery separators
Configurations of cross-linked or vulcanized amphophilic or quaternized block copolymer of haloalkyl epoxides and hydroxyl terminated alkadiene polymers are useful as battery separators in both primary and secondary batteries, particularly nickel-zinc batteries. The quaternized block copolymers are prepared by polymerizing a haloalkyl epoxide in the presence of a hydroxyl terminated 1,3-alkadiene to form a block copolymer that is then reacted with an amine to form the quaternized or amphophilic block copolymer that is then cured or cross-linked with sulfur, polyamines, metal oxides, organic peroxides and the like.
Minchak, R. J.; Schenk, W. N.
Advanced Metal-Hydrides-Based Thermal Battery: A New Generation of High Density Thermal Battery Based on Advanced Metal Hydrides
HEATS Project: The University of Utah is developing a compact hot-and-cold thermal battery using advanced metal hydrides that could offer efficient climate control system for EVs. The team�s innovative designs of heating and cooling systems for EVs with high energy density, low-cost thermal batteries could significantly reduce the weight and eliminate the space constraint in automobiles. The thermal battery can be charged by plugging it into an electrical outlet while charging the electric battery and it produces heat and cold through a heat exchanger when discharging. The ultimate goal of the project is a climate-controlling thermal battery that can last up to 5,000 charge and discharge cycles while substantially increasing the driving range of EVs, thus reducing the drain on electric batteries.
Assessment of battery technologies for electric vehicles
This document, Part 2 of Volume 2, provides appendices to this report and includes the following technologies, zinc/air battery; lithium/molybdenum disulfide battery; sodium/sulfur battery; nickel/cadmium battery; nickel/iron battery; iron/oxygen battery and iron/air battery. (FI)
Ratner, E.Z. (Sheladia Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD (USA)); Henriksen, G.L. (ed.) (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA))
SOLAR BATTERY CHARGERS FOR NIMH BATTERIES1 Abstract -This paper proposes new solar battery
SOLAR BATTERY CHARGERS FOR NIMH BATTERIES1 Abstract - This paper proposes new solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries. Used with portable solar panels, existing charge control methods are shown of consumer portable solar arrays. These new arrays are lightweight, durable, and flexible and have been
Lehman, Brad
Ion implantation of highly corrosive electrolyte battery components
A method of producing corrosion resistant electrodes and other surfaces in corrosive batteries using ion implantation is described. Solid electrically conductive material is used as the ion implantation source. Battery electrode grids, especially anode grids, can be produced with greatly increased corrosion resistance for use in lead acid, molten salt, end sodium sulfur.
Muller, Rolf H. (Berkeley, CA); Zhang, Shengtao (Berkeley, CA)
Research on separators for alkaline zinc batteries. Final report
This project is concerned with the research and development of a hybrid separator as an improved battery separator in alkaline zinc secondary batteries. Particular emphasis has been directed toward increasing the cycle life of zinc electrodes by controlling the permselectivity of the separator.
Yeo, R.S.
A method of producing corrosion resistant electrodes and other surfaces in corrosive batteries using ion implantation is described. Solid electrically conductive material is used as the ion implantation source. Battery electrode grids, especially anode grids, can be produced with greatly increased corrosion resistance for use in lead acid, molten salt, and sodium sulfur. 6 figs.
Muller, R.H.; Zhang, S.
This disclosure is directed to an improvement in a sodium sulfur battery construction in which a seal between various battery compartments is made by a structure in which a soft metal seal member is held in a sealing position by holding structure. A pressure applying structure is used to apply pressure on the soft metal seal member when it is being held in sealing relationship to a surface of a container member of the sodium sulfur battery by the holding structure. The improvement comprises including a thin, well-adhered, soft metal layer on the surface of the container member of the sodium sulfur battery to which the soft metal seal member is to be bonded.
Mikkor, Mati (Ann Arbor, MI)
Parallel flow diffusion battery
A parallel flow diffusion battery for determining the mass distribution of an aerosol has a plurality of diffusion cells mounted in parallel to an aerosol stream, each diffusion cell including a stack of mesh wire screens of different density.
Yeh, Hsu-Chi (Albuquerque, NM); Cheng, Yung-Sung (Albuquerque, NM)
Batteries Breakout Session
models (trailers with engine or battery for long drives) "Out-of-the-Box" Ideas * High voltage packs> 600V Packs (getting rid of high current components) * Cars driven on...
Yeh, H.C.; Cheng, Y.S.
Mapping Particle Charges in Battery Electrodes
Mapping Particle Charges in Battery Electrodes Print The deceivingly simple appearance of batteries masks their chemical complexity. A typical lithium-ion battery in a cell phone...
Ethylene Carbonate for Lithium Ion Battery Use. Journal oflithium atoms in lithium-ion battery electrolyte. Chemicalcapacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated
Battery SEAB Presentation | Department of Energy
Battery SEAB Presentation Battery SEAB Presentation Battery SEAB Presentation More Documents & Publications Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Day 1, Session 1...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery Research
Applied Battery Research to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery Research on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery...
What's Next for Batteries? - Energy Innovation Portal
What's Next for Batteries? July 30, 2013. What will batteries look like in the future? How will they work? Argonne National Laboratory battery research experts ...
Centers Field Sites Power Marketing Administration Other Agencies You are here Home Battery SEAB Presentation Battery SEAB Presentation Battery SEAB Presentation More Documents...
Aerospatiale Batteries ASB | Open Energy Information
Aerospatiale Batteries ASB Jump to: navigation, search Name Aerospatiale Batteries (ASB) Place France Product Research, design and manufacture of Thermal Batteries. References...
Nanostructured material for advanced energy storage : magnesium battery cathode development.
Magnesium batteries are alternatives to the use of lithium ion and nickel metal hydride secondary batteries due to magnesium's abundance, safety of operation, and lower toxicity of disposal. The divalency of the magnesium ion and its chemistry poses some difficulties for its general and industrial use. This work developed a continuous and fibrous nanoscale network of the cathode material through the use of electrospinning with the goal of enhancing performance and reactivity of the battery. The system was characterized and preliminary tests were performed on the constructed battery cells. We were successful in building and testing a series of electrochemical systems that demonstrated good cyclability maintaining 60-70% of discharge capacity after more than 50 charge-discharge cycles.
Sigmund, Wolfgang M. (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL); Woan, Karran V. (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL); Bell, Nelson Simmons
Novel electrolyte chemistries for Mg-Ni rechargeable batteries.
Commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) serve as means to reduce the nation's dependence on oil. Current electric vehicles use relatively heavy nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries. Li-ion rechargeable batteries have been developed extensively as the replacement; however, the high cost and safety concerns are still issues to be resolved before large-scale production. In this study, we propose a new highly conductive solid polymer electrolyte for Mg-Ni high electrochemical capacity batteries. The traditional corrosive alkaline aqueous electrolyte (KOH) is replaced with a dry polymer with conductivity on the order of 10{sup -2} S/cm, as measured by impedance spectroscopy. Several potential novel polymer and polymer composite candidates are presented with the best-performing electrolyte results for full cell testing and cycling.
Garcia-Diaz, Brenda (Savannah River National Laboratory); Kane, Marie; Au, Ming (Savannah River National Laboratory)
Overcharge Protection for the New Generation of Lithium Batteries
Overcharge Protection for the New Generation of Lithium Batteries Overcharge Protection for the New Generation of Lithium Batteries Speaker(s): Thomas Richardson Date: January 18, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Satkartar K. Kinney Lithium batteries supplied with cellular telephones and other personal electronic devices provide unprecedented power and capacities in very small formats. They are able to deliver such high performance because they incorporate highly reactive materials in both the positive and negative electrodes, resulting in individual cell potentials of nearly 4 V. Exposure to high temperatures or abusive treatment including overcharging can cause catastrophic failure of these batteries, resulting in gas venting, fire, or even explosion. Mechanical and electronic safety devices are employed to
Battery charger and state of charge indicator. Final report
The battery charger has a full-wave rectifier in series with a transformer isolated 20 kHz dc-dc converter with high frequency switches which are programmed to actively shape the input ac line current to be a mirror image of the ac line voltage. The power circuit is capable of operating at 2 kW peak and 1 kW average power. The BC/SCI has two major subsystems: (1) the battery charger power electronics with its controls; and (2) a microcomputer subsystem which is used to acquire battery terminal data and exercise the state-of-charge software programs. The state-of-charge definition employed is the energy remaining in the battery when extracted at a 10 kW rate divided by the energy capacity of a fully charged new battery. The battery charger circuit is an isolated boost converter operating at an internal frequency of 20 kHz. The switches selected for the battery charger are the single most important item in determining its efficiency. The combination of voltage and current requirements dictated the use of high power NPN Darlington switching transistors. The power circuit topology developed is a three switch design utilizing a power FET on the center tap of the isolation transformer and the power Darlingtons on each of the two ends. An analog control system is employed to accomplish active input current waveshaping as well as the necessary regulation.
Latos, T.S.
Flywheel Battery Commercialization Study
High energy-density flywheel batteries, already in development as load leveling devices for electric and hybrid vehicles, have the potential to form part of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for utilities and their customers. This comprehensive assessment of the potential of flywheels in a power conditioning role shows that a sizeable market for flywheel battery-UPS systems may emerge if units can be manufactured in sufficient volume.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
The vanadium redox flow battery, sometimes abbreviated as VRB, is an energy storage technology with significant potential for application in a wide range of contexts. Vanadium redox batteries have already been used in a number of demonstrations in small-scale utility-scale applications, and it is believed that the technology is close to being viable for more widespread use. This report examines the vanadium redox technology, including technical performance and cost issues that drive its application today...
A review of battery life-cycle analysis : state of knowledge and critical needs.
A literature review and evaluation has been conducted on cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory studies of lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, sodium-sulfur, and lithium-ion battery technologies. Data were sought that represent the production of battery constituent materials and battery manufacture and assembly. Life-cycle production data for many battery materials are available and usable, though some need updating. For the remaining battery materials, lifecycle data either are nonexistent or, in some cases, in need of updating. Although battery manufacturing processes have occasionally been well described, detailed quantitative information on energy and material flows is missing. For all but the lithium-ion batteries, enough constituent material production energy data are available to approximate material production energies for the batteries, though improved input data for some materials are needed. Due to the potential benefit of battery recycling and a scarcity of associated data, there is a critical need for life-cycle data on battery material recycling. Either on a per kilogram or per watt-hour capacity basis, lead-acid batteries have the lowest production energy, carbon dioxide emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. Some process-related emissions are also reviewed in this report.
Sullivan, J. L.; Gaines, L.; Energy Systems
Accurate Electrical Battery Model Capable of Predicting Runtime and I-V Performance
Abstract�Low power dissipation and maximum battery runtime are crucial in portable electronics. With accurate and efficient circuit and battery models in hand, circuit designers can predict and optimize battery runtime and circuit performance. In this paper, an accurate, intuitive, and comprehensive electrical battery model is proposed and implemented in a Cadence environment. This model accounts for all dynamic characteristics of the battery, from nonlinear open-circuit voltage, current-, temperature-, cycle number-, and storage time-dependent capacity to transient response. A simplified model neglecting the effects of self-discharge, cycle number, and temperature, which are nonconsequential in low-power Li-ion-supplied applications, is validated with experimental data on NiMH and polymer Li-ion batteries. Less than 0.4 % runtime error and 30-mV maximum error voltage show that the proposed model predicts both the battery runtime and I�V performance accurately. The model can also be easily extended to other battery and power sourcing technologies. Index Terms�Batteries, cadence simulation, electrical model, I�V performance, nickel-metal hydride battery, polymer lithiumion battery, runtime prediction, test system. I.
Min Chen; Student Member; Gabriel A. Rinc�n-mora; Senior Member
High energy density, thin-lm, rechargeable lithium batteries for marine eld operations
/discharge performance of a Li-ion battery. In their model, loss of cyclable lithium ions and increase in the anode film a one-dimensional schematic of a recharge- able Li-ion battery. During discharge, lithium ions deinter in the cycle life model of rechargeable Li-ion batteries Parameter Cathode (LixCoO2) Membrane separator
Sadoway, Donald Robert
Solution-Grown Silicon Nanowires for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
that lower- ing the price of batteries is a major goal, the cost of the processing and fabricationSolution-Grown Silicon Nanowires for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Candace K. Chan, Reken N. Patel interest in using nanomaterials for advanced lithium-ion battery electrodes, par- ticularly for increasing
An empirical evaluation of battery power consumption for streaming data transmission to mobile devices
Internet streaming applications are becoming increasingly popular on mobile devices. However, receiving streaming services on mobile devices is often constrained by their limited battery power supply. Various techniques have been proposed to save battery ... Keywords: battery power consumption, data transmission, internet mobile streaming, power saving
Yao Liu; Lei Guo; Fei Li; Songqing Chen
Smart Screen Management on Mobile Phones
the increases in battery capacity have not matched increasesin functionality. In fact, battery capacities have not been
Falaki, Hossein; Govindan, Ramesh; Estrin, D
Optimization of porosity and thickness of a battery electrode by means of a reaction-zone model
If electrode kinetics are fast and concentration gradients can be ignored, the reaction in a battery electrode is confined to a narrow zone, which moves through the electrode as the battery is discharged. During this process, the ohmic resistance increases, and the cutoff potential may signal the end of the discharge. It is desirable to have a matching of the capacity of the electrode (and hence its thickness) with the time t[sub d] of discharge. Assuming that there is a certain specified separator thickness and that the electrolyte of the separator is the same as that permeating the positive electrode, it is possible to obtain the optimum porosity as a compromise between the desire to have active material present and the necessity to have a conduction path through the pores of the electrode. For a system with a foil negative electrode and an open-circuit potential which is independent of state of charge, this optimum value depends on one principal parameter T = U[kappa]t/q[sub +]L[sup 2], one which involves the time of discharge, the open-circuit potential U, the conductivity [kappa], and thickness L of the separator, and the capacity q[sub +] per unit volume of solids in the positive electrode. There is one other parameter: the ratio of the cutoff potential to the open-circuit potential. Other parameters are introduced to account for a more complex structure of the battery.
Newman, J. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States). Energy and Environment Division Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering)
Carbon-Silicon Core-Shell Nanowires as High Capacity Electrode for Lithium
Carbon-Silicon Core-Shell Nanowires as High Capacity Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries Li lithium battery electrodes. Amorphous silicon was coated onto carbon nanofibers to form a core during lithium cycling and can function as a mechanical support and an efficient electron conducting
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity ...
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity Increases. NPRA Annual Meeting March 2006
Hidden costs of power cuts and battery backups
Many developing countries suffer from intense electricity deficits. For instance, the Indian electricity sector, despite having the world's fifth largest installed capacity, suffers from severe energy and peak power shortages. In February 2013, these ... Keywords: battery backups, electricity storage, inverters, losses, power cuts, power grids, uninterrupted power supply, ups
Deva P. Seetharam, Ankit Agrawal, Tanuja Ganu, Jagabondhu Hazra, Venkat Rajaraman, Rajesh Kunnath
Electrodeposition of Ni5Sb2 nanowires array and its application as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries
Single crystal Ni"5Sb"2 nanowires array is synthesized by direct-current electrodeposition technique. The initial specific discharge and charge capacity of the as-produced Ni"5Sb"2 nanowires array electrode as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries ... Keywords: Anode, Array structure, Charge/discharge capacity, Lithium-ion batteries, Nanowires
You-Wen Yang; Tian-Ying Li; Fei Liu; Wen-Bin Zhu; Xue-Liang Li; Yu-Cheng Wu; Ming-Guang Kong
Block copolymer with simultaneous electric and ionic conduction for use in lithium ion batteries
Redox reactions that occur at the electrodes of batteries require transport of both ions and electrons to the active centers. Reported is the synthesis of a block copolymer that exhibits simultaneous electronic and ionic conduction. A combination of Grignard metathesis polymerization and click reaction was used successively to synthesize the block copolymer containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments. The P3HT-PEO/LiTFSI mixture was then used to make a lithium battery cathode with LiFePO.sub.4 as the only other component. All-solid lithium batteries of the cathode described above, a solid electrolyte and a lithium foil as the anode showed capacities within experimental error of the theoretical capacity of the battery. The ability of P3HT-PEO to serve all of the transport and binding functions required in a lithium battery electrode is thus demonstrated.
Argonne CNM News: Batteries Get a Quick Charge with New Anode Technology
Batteries Get a Quick Charge with New Anode Technology Batteries Get a Quick Charge with New Anode Technology Tijana Rajh Argonne nanoscientist Tijana Rajh holds a strip of material created from titanium dioxide nanotubes. A team of researchers led by Tijana Rajh (Group Leader, Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials NanoBio Interfaces Group), and Christopher Johnson (Argonne's Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division), working under a CNM user science project, discovered that nanotubes composed of titanium dioxide can switch their phase as a battery is cycled, gradually boosting their operational capacity. New batteries produced with this material can be recharged up to half of their original capacity in less than 30 seconds. By switching out conventional graphite anodes with titanium nanotube anodes, a surprising phenomenon occurs. As the battery cycles through
Novel High Capacity Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Polymeric Materials for Wind Turbine Blades ... Hot Section Corrosion Issues in Microturbines Operating on B100 Bio-Diesel.
Variability of Battery Wear in Light Duty Plug-In Electric Vehicles Subject to Ambient Temperature, Battery Size, and Consumer Usage: Preprint
Battery wear in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is a complex function of ambient temperature, battery size, and disparate usage. Simulations capturing varying ambient temperature profiles, battery sizes, and driving patterns are of great value to battery and vehicle manufacturers. A predictive battery wear model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory captures the effects of multiple cycling and storage conditions in a representative lithium chemistry. The sensitivity of battery wear rates to ambient conditions, maximum allowable depth-of-discharge, and vehicle miles travelled is explored for two midsize vehicles: a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with a nominal range of 75 mi (121 km) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with a nominal charge-depleting range of 40 mi (64 km). Driving distance distributions represent the variability of vehicle use, both vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day. Battery wear over an 8-year period was dominated by ambient conditions for the BEV with capacity fade ranging from 19% to 32% while the PHEV was most sensitive to maximum allowable depth-of-discharge with capacity fade ranging from 16% to 24%. The BEV and PHEV were comparable in terms of petroleum displacement potential after 8 years of service, due to the BEV?s limited utility for accomplishing long trips.
Wood, E.; Neubauer, J.; Brooker, A. D.; Gonder, J.; Smith, K. A.
FAQs about Storage Capacity
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
about Storage Capacity about Storage Capacity How do I determine if my tanks are in operation or idle or non-reportable? Refer to the following flowchart. Should idle capacity be included with working capacity? No, only report working capacity of tanks and caverns in operation, but not for idle tanks and caverns. Should working capacity match net available shell in operation/total net available shell capacity? Working capacity should be less than net available shell capacity because working capacity excludes contingency space and tank bottoms. What is the difference between net available shell capacity in operation and total net available shell capacity? Net available shell capacity in operation excludes capacity of idle tanks and caverns. What do you mean by transshipment tanks?
Means for controlling battery chargers
A battery charger control device is described that senses the placement of a battery across control terminals and utilizes the voltage thereof to place into conduction a transistor which actuates a relay which turns on a battery charger, which thereafter, monitors the the charge condition of the battery as determined by the voltage supplied to a voltage following circuit from the control terminals, and which actuates an electronic switch after the elapse of a predetermined period of time after the battery has attained a fully charged condition as determined by the voltage of the battery as presented to the voltage following circuit.
Ballman, G.C.
Maintenance-free automotive battery
Two types of maintenance-free automotive batteries were developed by Japan Storage Battery Co. to obtain a maintenance-free battery for practical use and to prevent deterioration of the battery during long storage and/or shipment. Design considerations included a special grid alloy, the separator, plate surface area, vent structure, and electrolyte. Charge characteristics, overcharge characteristics, life characteristics under various conditions, and self-discharge characteristics are presented. The characteristics of the maintenance-free battery with a Pb-Ca alloy grid are superior to those of a conventional battery. 10 figures, 1 table. (RWR)
Kano, S.; Ando, K.
Systems approach to rechargeable batteries
When selecting a rechargeable battery for an application, consideration must be given to the total system. Electrical load requirements, mechanical restrictions, environmental conditions, battery life, and charging must be considered to assure satisfactory battery performance. Meeting the electrical requirements involves selecting a battery that will deliver adequate voltage, run time and power. The mechanical aspects are largely a matter of resolving volume and weight. The charger must be capable of returning the battery to full charge in an allotted time. But of greater importance, the charge control method should be chosen carefully to maximize the operational life of the battery. 4 refs.
Mullersman, F.H.
Side Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Model for Aging of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells. Journal of TheSalts Formed on the Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodeion batteries In a lithium ion battery, positively charged
Tang, Maureen Han-Mei
Advances in lithium-ion batteries
current reviews of the lithium ion battery literature byof view of the lithium ion battery scientist and engineer,lithium ion batteries. The chapter on aging summarizes the effects of the chemistry on the battery
Kerr, John B.
Battery venting system and method
Disclosed herein is a venting mechanism for a battery. The venting mechanism includes a battery vent structure which is located on the battery cover and may be integrally formed therewith. The venting mechanism includes an opening extending through the battery cover such that the opening communicates with a plurality of battery cells located within the battery case. The venting mechanism also includes a vent manifold which attaches to the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes a first opening which communicates with the battery vent structure opening and second and third openings which allow the vent manifold to be connected to two separate conduits. In this manner, a plurality of batteries may be interconnected for venting purposes, thus eliminating the need to provide separate vent lines for each battery. The vent manifold may be attached to the battery vent structure by a spin-welding technique. To facilitate this technique, the vent manifold may be provided with a flange portion which fits into a corresponding groove portion on the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes an internal chamber which is large enough to completely house a conventional battery flame arrester and overpressure safety valve. In this manner, the vent manifold, when installed, lessens the likelihood of tampering with the flame arrester and safety valve.
Casale, Thomas J. (Aurora, CO); Ching, Larry K. W. (Littleton, CO); Baer, Jose T. (Gaviota, CA); Swan, David H. (Monrovia, CA)
Battery Vent Mechanism And Method
Ching, Larry K. W. (Littleton, CO)
Disclosed herein is a venting mechanism for a battery. The venting mechanism includes a battery vent structure which is located on the battery cover and may be integrally formed therewith. The venting mechanism includes an opening extending through the battery cover such that the opening communicates with a plurality of battery cells located within the battery case. The venting mechanism also includes a vent manifold which attaches to the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes a first opening which communicates with the battery vent structure opening and second and third openings which allow the vent manifold to be connected to two separate conduits. In this manner, a plurality of batteries may be interconnected for venting purposes, thus eliminating the need to provide separate vent lines for each battery. The vent manifold may be attached to the battery vent structure by a spin-welding technique. To facilitate this technique, the vent manifold may be provided with a flange portion which fits into a corresponding groove portion on the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes an internal chamber which is large enough to completely house a conventional battery flame arrester and overpressure safety valve. In this manner, the vent manifold, when installed, lessens the likelihood of tampering with the flame arrester and safety valve. 8 figs.
Casale, T.J.; Ching, L.K.W.; Baer, J.T.; Swan, D.H.
Y-12 builds capacity to meet nuclear testing schedule - Or: ...
builds capacity to meet nuclear testing schedule - Or: Increasing capacity to meet nuclear testing schedule (title as it appeared in The Oak Ridger) The continuing high volume...
Techno-Economic Analysis of PEV Battery Second Use: Repurposed-Battery Selling Price and Commercial and Industrial End-User Value
Accelerated market penetration of plug-in electric vehicles and deployment of grid-connected energy storage are restricted by the high cost of lithium-ion batteries. Research, development, and manufacturing are underway to lower material costs, enhance process efficiencies, and increase production volumes. A fraction of the battery cost may be recovered after vehicular service by reusing the battery where it may have sufficient performance for other energy-storage applications. By extracting post-vehicle additional services and revenue from the battery, the total lifetime value of the battery is increased. The overall cost of energy-storage solutions for both primary (automotive) and secondary (grid) customer could be decreased. This techno-economic analysis of battery second use considers effects of battery degradation in both automotive and grid service, repurposing costs, balance-of-system costs, the value of aggregated energy-storage to commercial and industrial end users, and competitive technology. Batteries from plug-in electric vehicles can economically be used to serve the power quality and reliability needs of commercial and industrial end users. However, the value to the automotive battery owner is small (e.g., $20-$100/kWh) as declining future battery costs and other factors strongly affect salvage value. Repurposed automotive battery prices may range from $38/kWh to $132/kWh.
Neubauer, J.; Pesaran, A.; Williams, B.; Ferry, M.; Eyer, J.
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems. According to one aspect, a battery charging control method includes accessing information regarding a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon an electrical power distribution system at a plurality of different moments in time, and using the information, controlling an adjustment of an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to a rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery.
Tuffner, Francis K. (Richland, WA); Kintner-Meyer, Michael C. W. (Richland, WA); Hammerstrom, Donald J. (West Richland, WA); Pratt, Richard M. (Richland, WA)
Batteries - Beyond Lithium Ion Breakout session
BEYOND LITHIUM ION BREAKOUT BEYOND LITHIUM ION BREAKOUT Breakout Session #1 - Discussion of Performance Targets and Barriers Comments on the Achievability of the Targets * 1 - Zn-Air possible either w/ or w/o electric-hybridization; also possible with a solid electrolyte variant * 2 - Multivalent systems (e.g Mg), potentially needing hybrid-battery * 3 - Advanced Li-ion with hybridization @ cell / molecular level for high-energy and high- power * 4 - MH-air, Li-air, Li-S, all show promise * 5 - High-energy density (e.g. Na-metal ) flow battery can meet power and energy goals * 6 - Solid-state batteries (all types) * 7 - New cathode chemistries (beyond S) to increase voltage * 8 - New high-voltage non-flammable electrolytes (both li-ion and beyond li-ion) * 9 - Power to energy ratio of >=12 needed for fast charge (10 min) So liquid refill capable
Energizing the batteries for electric cars
This article reports of the nickel-metal-hydride battery and its ability to compete with the lead-acid battery in electric-powered vehicles. The topics of the article include development of the battery, the impetus for development in California environmental law, battery performance, packaging for the battery's hazardous materials, and the solid electrolyte battery.
O' Connor, L.
Modification of LiCl-LiBr-KBr electrolyte for LiAl/FeS{sub 2} batteries
The bipolar LiAl/FeS{sub 2} battery is being developed to achieve the high performance and long cycle life needed for electric vehicle application. The molten-salt (400 to 440 C operation) electrolyte composition for this battery has evolved to support these objectives. An earlier change to LiCl-LiBr-KBr electrolyte is responsible for significantly increased cycle life (up to 1,000 cycles). Recent electrolyte modification has significantly improved cell performance; approximately 50% increased power, with increased high rate capacity utilization. Results are based on power-demanding EV driving profile test at 600 W/kg. The effects of adding small amounts (1--5 mol%) of LiF and LiI to LiCl-LiBr-KBr electrolyte are discussed. By cyclic voltammetry, the modified electrolytes exhibit improved FeS{sub 2} electrochemistry. Electrolyte conductivity is little changed, but high current density (200 mA/cm{sup 2}) performance improved by approximately 50%. A specific feature of the LiI addition is an enhanced cell overcharge tolerance rate from 2.5 to 5 mA/cm{sup 2}. The rate of overcharge tolerance is related to electrolyte properties and negative electrode lithium activity. As a result, the charge balancing of a bipolar battery configuration with molten-salt electrolyte is improved to accept greater cell-to-cell deviations.
Kaun, T.D.; Jansen, A.N.; Henriksen, G.L.; Vissers, D.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Chemical Technology Div.
Battery charging and testing circuit
A constant current battery charging circuit is provided by which the battery receives a full charge until the battery voltage reaches a threshold. When the battery voltage is above the threshold, the battery receives a trickle charge. The actual battery voltage is compared with a reference voltage to determine whether the full charge circuit should be in operation. Hysteresis is provided for preventing a rapid on/off operation around the threshold. The reference voltage is compensated for temperature variations. The hysteresis system and temperature compensation system are independent of each other. A separate test circuit is provided for testing the battery voltage. During testing of the battery, the full charge circuit is inoperative.
Wicnienski, M. F.; Charles, D. E.
Safe battery solvents
An ion transporting solvent maintains very low vapor pressure, contains flame retarding elements, and is nontoxic. The solvent in combination with common battery electrolyte salts can be used to replace the current carbonate electrolyte solution, creating a safer battery. It can also be used in combination with polymer gels or solid polymer electrolytes to produce polymer batteries with enhanced conductivity characteristics. The solvents may comprise a class of cyclic and acyclic low molecular weight phosphazenes compounds, comprising repeating phosphorus and nitrogen units forming a core backbone and ion-carrying pendent groups bound to the phosphorus. In preferred embodiments, the cyclic phosphazene comprises at least 3 phosphorus and nitrogen units, and the pendent groups are polyethers, polythioethers, polyether/polythioethers or any combination thereof, and/or other groups preferably comprising other atoms from Group 6B of the periodic table of elements.
Harrup, Mason K. (Idaho Falls, ID); Delmastro, Joseph R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Stewart, Frederick F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Luther, Thomas A. (Idaho Falls, ID)
batteries | OpenEI
batteries batteries Dataset Summary Description The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) publishes a wide selection of data and statistics on renewable energy power technologies from a variety of sources (e.g. EIA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, EPRI and AWEA). In 2006, NREL published the 4th edition, presenting market and performance data for over a dozen technologies from publications from 1997 - 2004. Source NREL Date Released March 01st, 2006 (8 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords advanced energy storage batteries biomass csp fuel cells geothermal Hydro market data NREL performance data PV wind Data application/vnd.ms-excel icon Technology Profiles (market and performance data) (xls, 207.4 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review
Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries for implantable devices
Thin films of LiCoO{sub 2} have been synthesized in which the strongest x-ray reflection is either weak or missing, indicating a high degree of preferred orientation. Thin-film solid state batteries with these textured cathode films can deliver practical capacities at high current densities. For example, for one of the cells 70% of the maximum capacity between 4.2 V and 3 V ({approximately}0.2 mAh/cm{sup 2}) was delivered at a current of 2 mA/cm{sup 2}. When cycled at rates of 0.1 mA/cm{sup 2}, the capacity loss was 0.001 %/cycle or less. The reliability and performance of Li-LiCoO{sub 2} thin-film batteries make them attractive for application in implantable devices such as neural stimulators, pacemakers, and defibrillators.
Bates, J.b.; Dudney, N.J.
Investment Timing and Capacity Choice for Small-Scale Wind Power Under Uncertainty
INVESTMENT TIMING AND CAPACITY CHOICE FOR SMALL-SCALE WINDvalue as a func- tion of capacity is declining because ais reduced with increased capacity. A possible approach for
Fleten, Stein-Erik; Maribu, Karl Magnus
Battery Recycling - Programmaster.org
The symposium will cover all aspects of battery recycling from legislation, collection, safety issues & transportation regulations and current recycling�...
Battery Cahrging at the EVRS
ETA-NTP008 Revision 4 Effective December 1, 2004 Battery Charging Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date:...
Ni-MH battery modelling for ambient intelligence applications
Mobile devices, like sensor networks and MEMS actuators use mobile power supplies to ensure energy for their operation. These are mostly batteries. The lifetime of the devices depends on the power consumption and on the quality and capacitance of the battery. Though the integrated circuits and their power consumption improve continually, their clock frequency also increases with the time, and the resultant power consumption seems not to vary, or slightly increase. On the other hand, the properties of batteries are developing much slower, necessitating the optimization of their usage on system level.
Szente-Varga, D; Rencz, M
Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) | Department of
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) DOE's Energy Storage Program is funding research to develop next-generation vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) that reduce costs by improving energy and power densities, widening the operating temperature window, and simplifying and optimizing stack/system designs. These efforts build on Pacific Northwest National Laboratory research that has developed new redox electrolytes that enable increased VRB operating temperatures and energy storage capabilities. Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) More Documents & Publications Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Day 3, Session 2 Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Poster Session 2
The changing battery industry
This report provides an economic and technological assessment of the electrical battery industry, highlighting major trends. Among those systems considered are lithium-based, sodium-sulfur nickel-zinc, nickel-iron, nickel-hydrogen, zinc-chloride, conductive polymer, and redox cells. Lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and manganese dioxide-based batteries and direct solar power and fuel cells are discussed in relation to these new techniques. New applications, including electric vehicles, solar power storage, utility load leveling, portable appliances, computer power and memory backup, and medical implants are discussed. Predictions and development scenarios for the next twenty years are provided for the U.S. market.
Paintable Battery Neelam Singh1
Paintable Battery Neelam Singh1 , Charudatta Galande1 , Andrea Miranda1 , Akshay Mathkar1 , Wei Gao Belgium. If the components of a battery, including electrodes, separator, electrolyte and the current collectors can be designed as paints and applied sequentially to build a complete battery, on any arbitrary
Ajayan, Pulickel M.
Seal for sodium sulfur battery
This invention is directed to a seal for a sodium sulfur battery in which the sealing is accomplished by a radial compression seal made on a ceramic component of the battery which separates an anode compartment from a cathode compartment of the battery.
Topouzian, Armenag (Birmingham, MI); Minck, Robert W. (Lathrup Village, MI); Williams, William J. (Northville, MI)
Battery switch for downhole tools
An electrical circuit for a downhole tool may include a battery, a load electrically connected to the battery, and at least one switch electrically connected in series with the battery and to the load. The at least one switch may be configured to close when a tool temperature exceeds a selected temperature.
Boling, Brian E. (Sugar Land, TX)
High Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents
Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing United States Patent Number 7,288,136 entitled "High Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents." Disclosed in this patent is the invention of a method that facilitates the production of low-cost carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sorbents for use in large-scale gas-solid processes. This method treats an amine to increase the number of secondary amine groups and impregnates the amine in a porous solid support. As a result of this improvement, the method increases CO 2 capture capacity and decreases the cost of using an amine-enriched solid sorbent in CO 2 capture systems. Overview The U.S. Department of Energy has placed a high priority on the separation
Battery availability for near-term (1998) electric vehicles
Battery Requirements were determined for a wide spectrum of electric vehicles ranging from 2-passenger sports cars and microvans to full-size vans with a payload of 500 kg. All the vehicles utilize ac, high voltage (340--360 V) powertrains and have acceleration performance (0--80 km/h in less than 15 seconds) expected to be the norm in 1988 electric vehicles. Battery packs were configured for each of the vehicles using families of sealed lead-acid and nickel-cadmium modules which are either presently available in limited quantities or are being developed by battery companies which market a similar battery technology. It was found that the battery families available encompass the Ah cell sizes required for the various vehicles and that they could be packaged in the space available in each vehicle. The acceleration performance and range of the vehicles were calculated using the SIMPLEV simulation program. The results showed that all the vehicles had the required acceleration characteristics and ranges between 80--160 km (50--100 miles) with the ranges using nickel-cadmium batteries being 40--60% greater than those using lead-acid batteries. Significant changes in the design of electric vehicles over the last fifteen years are noted. These changes make the design of the batteries more difficult by increasing the peak power density required from about 60 W/kg to 100--150 W/kg and by reducing the Ah cell size needed from about 150 Ah to 30--70 Ah. Both of these changes in battery specifications increase the difficulty of achieving low $/kWh cost and long cycle life. This true for both lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries. 25 refs., 6 figs., 16 tabs.
Burke, A.F.
Batteries - EnerDel Lithium-Ion Battery
EnerDel/Argonne Advanced High-Power Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicles EnerDel/Argonne Advanced High-Power Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicles EnerDel lithium-ion battery The EnerDel Lithium-Ion Battery The EnerDel/Argonne lithium-ion battery is a highly reliable and extremely safe device that is lighter in weight, more compact, more powerful and longer-lasting than the nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries in today's hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The battery is expected to meet the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium's $500 manufacturing price criterion for a 25-kilowatt battery, which is almost a sixth of the cost to make comparable Ni-MH batteries intended for use in HEVs. It is also less expensive to make than comparable Li-ion batteries. That cost reduction is expected to help make HEVs more competitive in the marketplace and enable consumers to receive an immediate payback in
Comparison of Productive Capacity
Appendix B Comparison of Productive Capacity Comparisons of base case productive capacities for this and all previous studies were made (Figure B1).
Tables - Refinery Capacity Report
Tables: 1: Number and Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by PAD District and State as of January 1, 2009: PDF: 2: Production Capacity of Operable ...
Soluble Lead Flow Battery: Soluble Lead Flow Battery Technology
GRIDS Project: General Atomics is developing a flow battery technology based on chemistry similar to that used in the traditional lead-acid battery found in nearly every car on the road today. Flow batteries store energy in chemicals that are held in tanks outside the battery. When the energy is needed, the chemicals are pumped through the battery. Using the same basic chemistry as a traditional battery but storing its energy outside of the cell allows for the use of very low cost materials. The goal is to develop a system that is far more durable than today�s lead-acid batteries, can be scaled to deliver megawatts of power, and which lowers the cost of energy storage below $100 per kilowatt hour.
Carbons for battery anodes prepared using inorganic templates
Unique carbons with demonstrated utility as anodes for lithium secondary batteries have been prepared by heating hydrocarbons within an inorganic template. Disordered carbons with novel and desirable molecular porosity were synthesized by the pyrolysis of pyrene at 700 C within a pillared clay. The clay was removed by treatment with acid, leaving behind carbons with 15 to 50 {angstrom} holes. These holey carbons, when converted into electrodes, allow rapid diffusion of the lithium into and out of a carbon. Favorable results have been obtained in several tests, for example, a reversible capacity of 825 mAh/g has been achieved, about four times greater than commercial batteries using convention pyrolytic carbon.
Winans, R.E.; Carrado, K.A.; Sandi, G. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Chemistry Div.
Microsoft PowerPoint - NanoAnode for Li-ion Batteries SRNL-L9100...
Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries at a glance patent pending increase energy density longer cyclic life replaces graphite anodes simple and lower cost...
Current balancing for battery strings
A battery plant is described which features magnetic circuit means for balancing the electrical current flow through a pluraliircuitbattery strings which are connected electrically in parallel. The magnetic circuit means is associated with the battery strings such that the conductors carrying the electrical current flow through each of the battery strings pass through the magnetic circuit means in directions which cause the electromagnetic fields of at least one predetermined pair of the conductors to oppose each other. In an alternative embodiment, a low voltage converter is associated with each of the battery strings for balancing the electrical current flow through the battery strings.
Galloway, James H. (New Baltimore, MI)
Battery testing for photovoltaic applications
Battery testing for photovoltaic (PV) applications is funded at Sandia under the Department of Energy`s (DOE) Photovoltaic Balance of Systems (BOS) Program. The goal of the PV BOS program is to improve PV system component design, operation, reliability, and to reduce overall life-cycle costs. The Sandia battery testing program consists of: (1) PV battery and charge controller market survey, (2) battery performance and life-cycle testing, (3) PV charge controller development, and (4) system field testing. Test results from this work have identified market size and trends, PV battery test procedures, application guidelines, and needed hardware improvements.
Hund, T.
Battery electrode growth accommodation
An electrode for a lead acid flow through battery, the grids including a plastic frame, a plate suspended from the top of the frame to hang freely in the plastic frame and a paste applied to the plate, the paste being free to allow for expansion in the planar direction of the grid.
Bowen, Gerald K. (Cedarburg, WI); Andrew, Michael G. (Wauwatosa, WI); Eskra, Michael D. (Fredonia, WI)
Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
In order to obviate the deficiencies of currently used electrolytes in lithium rechargeable batteries, there is a compelling need for the development of solvent-free, highly conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The problem will be addressed by synthesizing a new class of block copolymers and plasticizers, which will be used in the formulation of highly conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The main objective of this Phase-I effort is to determine the efficacy and commercial prospects of new specifically designed SPEs for use in electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) batteries. This goal will be achieved by preparing the SPEs on a small scale with thorough analyses of their physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties. SPEs will play a key role in the formulation of next generation lithium-ion batteries and will have a major impact on the future development of EVs/HEVs and a broad range of consumer products, e.g., computers, camcorders, cell phones, cameras, and power tools.
Robert Filler, Zhong Shi and Braja Mandal
Zinc alkaline secondary battery
A zinc alkaline secondary battery with improved service life in which a multi-layer separator is interposed between the negative and positive electrodes and the quantity of the alkaline electrolyte in the layer of the separator adjacent to the negative electrode is less than that of the electrolyte in the layer of the separator adjacent to the positive electrode.
Furukawa, N.; Nishizawa, N.
Increased Power Flow Guidebook
The Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best practices guidebook on increasing power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates alternatives with case studies, and analyzes costs and benefits of differe...
Progress in the development of recycling processes for electric vehicle batteries
Disposition of electric vehicle (EV) batteries after they have reached the end of their useful life is an issue that could impede the widespread acceptance of EVs in the commercial market. This is especially true for advanced battery systems where working recycling processes have not as yet been established. The DOE sponsors an Ad Hoc Electric Vehicle Battery Readiness Working Group to identify barriers to the introduction of commercial EVs and to advise them of specific issues related to battery reclamation/recycling, in-vehicle battery safety, and battery shipping. A Sub-Working Group on the reclamation/recycle topic has been reviewing the status of recycling process development for the principal battery technologies that are candidates for EV use from the near-term to the long-term. Recycling of near-term battery technologies, such as lead-acid and nickel/cadmium, is occurring today and it is believed that sufficient processing capacity can be maintained to keep up with the large number of units that could result from extensive EV use. Reclamation/recycle processes for midterm batteries are partially developed. Good progress has been made in identifying processes to recycle sodium/sulfur batteries at a reasonable cost and pilot scale facilities are being tested or planned. A pre-feasibility cost study on the nickel/metal hydride battery also indicates favorable economics for some of the proposed reclamation processes. Long-term battery technologies, including lithium-polymer and lithium/iron disulfide, are still being designed and developed for EVs, so descriptions for prototype recycling processes are rather general at this point. Due to the long time required to set up new, full-scale recycling facilities, it is important to develop a reclamation/recycling process in parallel with the battery technologies themselves.
Jungst, R.G.; Clark, R.P.
High power battery test methods for hybrid vehicle applications
Commonly used EV battery tests are not very suitable for testing hybrid vehicle batteries, which may be primarily intended to supply vehicle acceleration power. The capacity of hybrid vehicle batteries will be relatively small, they will typically operate over a restricted range of states-of-charge, and they may seldom if ever be fully recharged. Further, hybrid propulsion system designs will commonly impose a higher regeneration content than is typical for electric vehicles. New test methods have been developed for use in characterizing battery performance and life for hybrid vehicle use. The procedures described in this paper were developed from the requirements of the government-industry cooperative Partnership for A New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program; however, they are expected to have broad application to the testing of energy storage devices for hybrid vehicles. The most important performance measure for a high power battery is its pulse power capability as a function of state-of-charge for both discharge and regeneration pulses. It is also important to characterize cycle life, although the {open_quote}cycles{close_quote} involved are quite different from the conventional full-discharge, full-recharge cycle commonly used for EV batteries, This paper illustrates in detail several test profiles which have been selected for PNGV battery testing, along with some sample results and lessons learned to date from the use of these test profiles. The relationship between the PNGV energy storage requirements and these tests is described so that application of the test methods can be made to other hybrid vehicle performance requirements as well. The resulting test procedures can be used to characterize the pulse power capability of high power energy storage devices including batteries and ultracapacitors, as well as the life expectancy of such devices, for either power assist or dual mode hybrid propulsion system designs.
Hunt, G.L.; Haskins, H.; Heinrich, B.; Sutula, R.
Advanced Lithium Battery Cathodes Using Dispersed Carbon Fibers as the Current Collector
To fabricate LiFePO4 battery cathodes, highly conductive carbon fibers of 10-20 m in diameter have been used to replace a conventional aluminum (Al) foil current collector. This disperses the current collector throughout the cathode sheet and increases the contact area with the LiFePO4 (LFP) particles. In addition, the usual organic binder plus carbon-black can be replaced by a high temperature binder of <5 weight % carbonized petroleum pitch (P-pitch). Together these replacements increase the specific energy density and energy per unit area of the electrode. Details of the coating procedure, characterization and approach for maximizing the energy density are discussed. In a side-by-side comparison with conventional cathodes sheets of LFP on Al foil, the carbon fiber composite cathodes have a longer cycle life, higher thermal stability, and high capacity utilization with little sacrifice of the rate performance.
Martha, Surendra K [ORNL; Kiggans, Jim [ORNL; Nanda, Jagjit [ORNL; Dudney, Nancy J [ORNL
Simulation of Mobile Wireless Networks with Accurate Modelling of Non-linear Battery Effects
For the simulation of protocols and algorithms of mobile devices, an ideal energy source, i.e. a battery with linear charge and discharge characteristics, is often assumed. However, real batteries like lithium-ion cells show nonlinear behavior, taking Rate Capacity Effect and Recovery Effect into account. The battery model presented by Rakhmatov and Vrudhula models non-linear battery behavior and can be utilized for lifetime optimization strategies since it provides a formal cost metric. A drawback of this lifetime optimization algorithm is that the load profile of the battery has to be known completely in advance. An estimation of battery lifetime at simulation runtime is not feasible. We present an algorithm for a runtime estimation of battery lifetime of lithium-ion cells. Our algorithm allows the integration of a non-linear battery model into network simulation environments for mobile devices. As an example, we describe the integration of our algorithm for battery lifetime estimation into a popular network simulation tool.
D. Timmermann
Advanced Battery Manufacturing (VA)
LiFeBATT has concentrated its recent testing and evaluation on the safety of its batteries. There appears to be a good margin of safety with respect to overheating of the cells and the cases being utilized for the batteries are specifically designed to dissipate any heat built up during charging. This aspect of LiFeBATT�s products will be even more fully investigated, and assuming ongoing positive results, it will become a major component of marketing efforts for the batteries. LiFeBATT has continued to receive prismatic 20 Amp hour cells from Taiwan. Further testing continues to indicate significant advantages over the previously available 15 Ah cells. Battery packs are being assembled with battery management systems in the Danville facility. Comprehensive tests are underway at Sandia National Laboratory to provide further documentation of the advantages of these 20 Ah cells. The company is pursuing its work with Hybrid Vehicles of Danville to critically evaluate the 20 Ah cells in a hybrid, armored vehicle being developed for military and security applications. Results have been even more encouraging than they were initially. LiFeBATT is expanding its work with several OEM customers to build a worldwide distribution network. These customers include a major automotive consulting group in the U.K., an Australian maker of luxury off-road campers, and a number of makers of E-bikes and scooters. LiFeBATT continues to explore the possibility of working with nations that are woefully short of infrastructure. Negotiations are underway with Siemens to jointly develop a system for using photovoltaic generation and battery storage to supply electricity to communities that are not currently served adequately. The IDA has continued to monitor the progress of LiFeBATT�s work to ensure that all funds are being expended wisely and that matching funds will be generated as promised. The company has also remained current on all obligations for repayment of an IDA loan and lease payments for space to the IDA. A commercial venture is being formed to utilize the LiFeBATT product for consumer use in enabling photovoltaic powered boat lifts. Field tests of the system have proven to be very effective and commercially promising. This venture is expected to result in significant sales within the next six months.
Stratton, Jeremy
Lessons Learned from the Puerto Rico Battery Energy Storage System
The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The Puerto Rico facility is presently the largest operating battery storage system in the world and has successfully provided frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reseme to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. However, the facility has suffered accelerated cell failures in the past year and PREPA is committed to restoring the plant to full capacity. This represents the first repowering of a large utility battery facility. PREPA and its vendors and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation, which are summarized in this paper.
Boyes, John D.; De Anda, Mindi Farber; Torres, Wenceslao
Abstract--One of the major problems for the massive applicability of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the scarce capacity of
overcome in many cases using advanced technologies such as fuel cells and high-capacity batteries in a sunny, predictable environment, solar power can become a solution for reducing transport costs. This paper deals with the reach of this approach. Index Terms--Battery Chargers, Photovoltaic Cells, Road
Increased cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated...
cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries Title Increased cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated silicon...
Missouri Lithium-Ion Battery Company Hosts Tour With U.S. Deputy Secretary
Missouri Lithium-Ion Battery Company Hosts Tour With U.S. Deputy Missouri Lithium-Ion Battery Company Hosts Tour With U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Poneman Missouri Lithium-Ion Battery Company Hosts Tour With U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Poneman February 9, 2012 - 4:25pm Addthis Washington, D.C. - Today, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman toured Dow Kokam's new global battery research and development center, located in Lee's Summit, Missouri, outside of Kansas City, to highlight America's investments in cutting-edge energy innovations that are laying the building blocks for an American economy built to last. The R&D center aims to bring next-generation lithium-ion battery solutions to the market faster, increase battery performance and reduce their overall cost. Lithium batteries are used in a variety of everyday products from laptops to cell
A Soft Approach to Encapsulate Sulfur: Polyaniline Nanotubes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Long Cycle Life
Applications of rechargeable batteries are diverse and range from storing energy from renewable resources such as wind generators and solar arrays , powering electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Significant R&D efforts have focused on achieving high energy density, long cycling life, low cost, and safety.1 Among all known rechargeable battery systems, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention.2, 3 Elemental sulfur is abundant, and is a very attractive cathode material for lithium batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g-1) and specific energy (2600 Wh kg-1), assuming complete reaction of lithium with sulfur to form Li2S.
Xiao, Lifen; Cao, Yuliang; Xiao, Jie; Schwenzer, Birgit; Engelhard, Mark H.; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Nie, Zimin; Exarhos, Gregory J.; Liu, Jun
US advanced battery consortium in-vehicle battery testing procedure
This article describes test procedures to be used as part of a program to monitor the performance of batteries used in electric vehicle applications. The data will be collected as part of an electric vehicle testing program, which will include battery packs from a number of different suppliers. Most data will be collected by on-board systems or from driver logs. The paper describes the test procedure to be implemented for batteries being used in this testing.
The environmentally safe battery
There are three aspects to an environmentally safe battery. The first deals with the manufacturing process, the second with the use of environmentally friendly materials, and the third with the disposal and/or recycling of spent units. In this paper, several ongoing programs at Sandia National Laboratories that relate to the environmentally conscious manufacturing of batteries, are discussed. The solvent substitution/elimination program is a two-pronged effort, aimed at identifying new solvents which are compatible with the environment, while at the same time developing dry process cleaning technology. The joining program is evaluating new solvents for flux removal as well as the development of fluxless soldering processes. In the area of welding, new cleaning processes are under study. Chemical microsensors are under development that are capable of identifying and quantifying single chemical species. These sensors have been used to monitor and improve processes using toxic/hazardous solvents. 1 ref., 1 fig.
Levy, S.C.; Brown, N.E.
Advanced Batteries for PHEVs
This report describes testing conducted on two different types of batteriesVARTA nickel-metal hydride and SAFT lithium ionused in the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Sprinter program. EPRI and DaimlerChrysler developed a PHEV concept for the Sprinter Van to reduce the vehicle's emissions, fuel consumption, and operating costs while maintaining equivalent or superior functionality and performance. The PHEV Sprinter was designed to operate in both a pure electric mode and a charge-sustaining hybrid ...
Smart battery controller for lithium/sulfur dioxide batteries
Each year, the U.S. Army purchases millions of lithium sulfur dioxide batteries for use in portable electronics equipment. Because of their superior rate capability and service life over a wide variety of conditions, lithium batteries are the power source of choice for military equipment. There is no convenient method of determining the available energy remaining in partially used lithium batteries; hence, users do not take full advantage of all the available battery energy. Currently, users replace batteries before each mission, which leads to premature disposal, and results in the waste of millions of dollars in battery energy every year. Another problem of the lithium battery is that it is necessary to ensure complete discharge of the cells when the useful life of the battery has been expended, or when a hazardous condition exists; a hazardous condition may result in one or more of the cells venting. The Electronics Technology and Devices Laboratory has developed a working prototype of a smart battery controller (SBC) that addresses these problems.
Atwater, T.; Bard, A.; Testa, B.; Shader, W.
Evaluation of near-term electric vehicle battery systems through in-vehicle testing: Interim report
EVTF personnel tested 10 batteries, including lead-acid (flat plate and tubular design), Gel Cell III, advanced lead-acid, nickel iron, nickel zinc, nickel cadmium, and zinc chloride systems. The assessment encompassed the following tasks: initial acceptance testing of battery components and systems, daily in-vehicle operation of the batteries, monthly in-vehicle driving range tests, and periodic static discharge tests under computer control. Performance data were based on specific energy versus accumulated vehicle mileage and vehicle driving range over a fixed operating cycle at 35-mph constant speed and the SAE J227a C cycle. A battery's life cycle was terminated when its measured capacity dropped below 60% of the rating, at a 2-h rate, after 25% of the battery modules had been replaced. The EVs used for the tests were 10 Volkswagen vans and 2 General Motors Griffin vans.
Blickwedel, T.W.
An Interleaved Dual-Battery Power Supply for Battery-Operated Electronics
An Interleaved Dual-Battery Power Supply for Battery-Operated Electronics QingQing Wu,Wu, Qinru VoltageAnalysis of Optimal Supply Voltage Design of Interleaved DualDesign of Interleaved Dual--Battery PowerBattery Power SupplySupply ConclusionsConclusions #12;Batteries in Mobile/Portable ElectronicsBatteries
Develop nickel--zinc battery suitable for electric vehicle propulsion. Task A: design and cost study
A three-month design and cost study for the use of nickel--zinc batteries in electric vehicles is presented. Battery configuration is analyzed, and expected performance is set forth. Current development problems concern component materials and capacity decline on cycling, electrolyte maintenance, and thermal characteristics. The manufacturing process is outlined, and estimates are made for cost, materials requirements, capital needs, etc. 61 figures, 24 tables. (RWR)
Issue and challenges facing rechargeable thin film lithium batteries
New materials hold the key to fundamental advances in energy conversion and storage, both of which are vital in order to meet the challenge of global warming and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible, lightweight design and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based thin film rechargeable batteries highlight ongoing research strategies and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the discovery of nanomaterials as electrolytes and electrodes for lithium batteries also this article describes the possible evolution of lithium technology and evaluates the expected improvements, arising from new materials to cell technology. New active materials under investigation and electrode process improvements may allow an ultimate final energy density of more than 500 Wh/L and 200 Wh/kg, in the next 5-6 years, while maintaining sufficient power densities. A new rechargeable battery technology cannot be foreseen today that surpasses this. This report will provide key performance results for thin film batteries and highlight recent advances in their development.
Patil, Arun; Patil, Vaishali; Shin, Dong Wook; Choi, Ji-Won; Paik, Dong-Soo [Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Seok-Jin [Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Network Routing Capacity
We define the routing capacity of a network to be the supremum of all possible fractional message throughputs achievable by routing. We prove that the routing capacity of every network is achievable and rational, we present an algorithm for its computation, and we prove that every non-negative rational number is the routing capacity of some network. We also determine the routing capacity for various example networks. Finally, we discuss the extension of routing capacity to fractional coding solutions and show that the coding capacity of a network is independent of the alphabet used.
Jillian Cannons; Randall Dougherty; Christopher Freiling; Kenneth Zeger
Microporous Separators for Fe/V Redox Flow Batteries
The Fe/V redox flow battery has demonstrated promising performance that is advantageous over other redox flow battery systems. The less oxidative nature of the Fe(III) species enables use of hydrocarbon - based ion exchange membranes or separators. Daramic(reg. sign) microporous polyethylene separators were tested on Fe/V flow cells using the sulphuric/chloric mixed acid - supporting electrolytes. Among them, Daramic(reg. sign) C exhibited good flow cell cycling performance with satisfactory repeatability over a broad temperature range of 5 - 50 degrees C. Energy efficiency (EE) of C remains above 67% at current densities of 50 - 80 cm{sup -2} in the temperature range from room temperature to 50 degrees C. The capacity decay problem could be circumvented through hydraulic pressure balancing by applying different pump rates to the positive and negative electrolytes. Stable capacity and energy were obtained over 40 cycles at room temperature and 40 degrees C. These results manifest that the extremely low-cost separators ($10/cm2) are applicable in the Fe/V flow battery system at an acceptable sacrifice of energy efficiency. This stands for a remarkable breakthrough in significant reduction of the capital cost of the Fe/V flow battery system, and is promising to promote its market penetration in grid stabilization and renewable integration.
Wei, Xiaoliang; Li, Liyu; Luo, Qingtao; Nie, Zimin; Wang, Wei; Li, Bin; Xia, Guanguang; Miller, Eric; Chambers, Jeff; Yang, Zhenguo
Advanced Redox Flow Batteries for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage
This report describes the status of the advanced redox flow battery research being performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy�s Energy Storage Systems Program. The Quarter 1 of FY2012 Milestone was completed on time. The milestone entails completion of evaluation and optimization of single cell components for the two advanced redox flow battery electrolyte chemistries recently developed at the lab, the all vanadium (V) mixed acid and V-Fe mixed acid solutions. All the single cell components to be used in future kW-scale stacks have been identified and optimized in this quarter, which include solution electrolyte, membrane or separator; carbon felt electrode and bi-polar plate. Varied electrochemical, chemical and physical evaluations were carried out to assist the component screening and optimization. The mechanisms of the battery capacity fading behavior for the all vanadium redox flow and the Fe/V battery were discovered, which allowed us to optimize the related cell operation parameters and continuously operate the system for more than three months without any capacity decay.
Li, Liyu; Kim, Soowhan; Xia, Guanguang; Wang, Wei; Yang, Zhenguo
Controlled Nucleation and Growth Process of Li2S2/Li2S in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Lithium-sulfur battery is a promising next-generation energy storage system because of its potentially three to five times higher energy density than that of traditional lithium ion batteries. However, the dissolution and precipitation of soluble polysulfides during cycling initiate a series of key-chain reactions that significantly shorten battery life. Herein, we demonstrate that through a simple but effective strategy, significantly improved cycling performance is achieved for high sulfur loading electrodes through controlling the nucleation and precipitation of polysulfieds on the electrode surface. More than 400 or 760 stable cycling are successfully displayed in the cells with locked discharge capacity of 625 mAh g-1 or 500 mAh g-1, respectively. The nucleation and growth process of dissolved polysulfides has been electrochemically altered to confine the thickness of discharge products passivated on the cathode surface, increasing the utilization rate of sulfur while avoiding severe morphology changes on the electrode. More importantly, the exposure of new lithium metal surface to the S-containing electrolyte is also greatly reduced through this strategy, largely minimizing the anode corrosion caused by polysulfides. This work interlocks the electrode morphologies and its evolution with electrochemical interference to modulate cell performances by using Li-S system as a platform, providing different but critical directions for this community.
Zheng, Jianming; Gu, Meng; Wang, Chong M.; Zuo, Pengjian; Koech, Phillip K.; Zhang, Jiguang; Liu, Jun; Xiao, Jie
Installed Geothermal Capacity | Open Energy Information
Geothermal Capacity Geothermal Capacity Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Print PDF Installed Geothermal Capacity International Market Map of U.S. Geothermal Power Plants List of U.S. Geothermal Power Plants Throughout the world geothermal energy is looked at as a potential source of renewable base-load power. As of 2005 there was 8,933 MW of installed power capacity within 24 countries. The International Geothermal Association (IGA) reported 55,709 GWh per year of geothermal electricity. The generation from 2005 to 2010 increased to 67,246 GWh, representing a 20% increase in the 5 year period. The IGA has projected that by 2015 the new installed capacity will reach 18,500 MW, nearly 10,000 MW greater than 2005. [1] Countries with the greatest increase in installed capacity (MW) between
Advanced Power Batteries for Renewable Energy Applications 3.09
This report describes the research that was completed under project title �?? Advanced Power Batteries for Renewable Energy Applications 3.09, Award Number DE-EE0001112. The report details all tasks described in the Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO). The SOPO includes purchasing of test equipment, designing tooling, building cells and batteries, testing all variables and final evaluation of results. The SOPO is included. There were various types of tests performed during the project, such as; gas collection, float current monitoring, initial capacity, high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC), hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC), high rate capacity, corrosion, software modeling and solar life cycle tests. The grant covered a period of two years starting October 1, 2009 and ending September 30, 2011.
Rodney Shane
Capacity Value of Wind Power
Power systems are planned such that they have adequate generation capacity to meet the load, according to a defined reliability target. The increase in the penetration of wind generation in recent years has led to a number of challenges for the planning and operation of power systems. A key metric for system adequacy is the capacity value of generation. The capacity value of a generator is the contribution that a given generator makes to overall system adequacy. The variable and stochastic nature of wind sets it apart from conventional energy sources. As a result, the modeling of wind generation in the same manner as conventional generation for capacity value calculations is inappropriate. In this paper a preferred method for calculation of the capacity value of wind is described and a discussion of the pertinent issues surrounding it is given. Approximate methods for the calculation are also described with their limitations highlighted. The outcome of recent wind capacity value analyses in Europe and North America are highlighted with a description of open research questions also given.
Keane, Andrew; Milligan, Michael; Dent, Chris; Hasche, Bernhard; DAnnunzio, Claudine; Dragoon, Ken; Holttinen, Hannele; Samaan, Nader A.; Soder, Lennart; O'Malley, Mark J.
PNGV Battery Testing Procedures and Analytical Methodologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Novel testing procedures and analytical methodologies to assess the performance of hybrid electric vehicle batteries have been developed. Tests include both characterization and cycle life and/or calendar life, and have been designed for both Power Assist and Dual Mode applications. Analytical procedures include a battery scaling methodology, the calculation of pulse resistance, pulse power, available energy, and differential capacity, and the modeling of calendar and cycle life data. Representative performance data and examples of the application of the analytical methodologies including resistance growth, power fade, and cycle and calendar life modeling for hybrid electric vehicle batteries are presented.
Motloch, Chester George; Belt, Jeffrey R; Christophersen, Jon Petter; Wright, Randy Ben; Hunt, Gary Lynn; Haskind, H. J.; Tartamella, T.; Sutula, R.
voltage limits (see Note 2) at 50% depth of discharge (DOD). 2013 Chevrolet Malibu ECO Hybrid - VIN 3800 Advanced Vehicle Testing - Beginning-of-Test Battery Testing Results...
voltage limits (see Note 2) at 50% depth of discharge (DOD). 2013 Chevrolet Malibu ECO Hybrid - VIN 7249 Advanced Vehicle Testing - Beginning-of-Test Battery Testing Results...
... between the cell cover and the cell container, and all openings on the top of the battery other than the filling vents shall be gas tight and effectively ...
Argonne TTRDC - Experts - Battery Technologies
Research and Analysis Computing Center Working With Argonne Contact TTRDC Battery Technologies Experts Click on a highlighted name to see a full rsum. Jeff...
Battery Testing in the US
U.S.-China EV and Battery Workshop Joint Vehicle Demonstrations and Standards Development August 24, 2012 Session Chairmen: Keith Hardy, Argonne National Laboratory Li Jianqiu,...
New Life for EV Batteries
Apr 15, 2013 ... Five used Chevrolet Volt batteries are at the heart of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) effort to determine the feasibility of a�...
Rechargeable Batteries, Photochromics, Electrochemical Lithography...
employed to explore in detail fundamental interfacial processes. Using current-sensing atomic forcemicroscopy (CSAFM), small variations in the electronic conductance of battery...
Flow Batteries: A Historical Perspective
Marvin Warshay *1976 Shunt Current Model, Paul Prokopius *1976 Interfaced an RFB with solar cells *1977 Electrode-Membrane-Flow Battery Testing *Largest polarization @ negative...
Nanofilm Coatings Improve Battery Performance
Recent advances in battery technology are expected to more than double consumer demand for electric vehicles within the next five years. The ...
Three types of intercalation Compounds, LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with spinel structure, LiNiO{sub 2} and LiCoO{sub 2} with layered structure are widely studied as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Among them, LiCoO{sub 2} is the most widely used cathode material in commercial lithium battery cells. LiNiO{sub 2} has same theoretical capacity as LiCoO{sub 2}, but is less expensive. However its application in lithium batteries has not been realized due to serious safety concerns. Substituting a portion of Ni in LiNiO{sub 2} with other cations has been pursued as a way to improve its safety characteristics. It was reported that Co doped LiNi{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} showed better thermal stability than pure LiNiO{sub 2}. Many new materials have been developed aimed in increasing the capacity and improving the thermal stability and cyclability. Most of these new materials are based on these three types of materials and modified their compositions and structures by doping. However, most of the efforts on developing new cathode materials have been done on the empirical base without guidelines from the systematic studies on the relationship between the performance and the structural changes of the cathode materials. Exploring this relationship is very important not only in guiding the development of new materials, but also in improving the performance and safety aspect for the existing cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Using conventional x-ray source and a specially designed battery cell with beryllium windows, Dahn and co-workers have published several papers on the structural changes of LiNiO{sub 2} cathodes 1 and LiCoO{sub 2} cathodes 2 during charge. Unfortunately, the charging voltage was limited to below 4.3 V due to the problem of beryllium window corrosion at higher voltage. However, the voltage range between 4.3 V and 5.2 V is the most important region for studying the relationship between the thermal stability and structural changes during charge, because the thermal instability occurs at the overcharged state of the cathodes. Taking advantage of the strong x-ray beam from a synchrotron light source, we have constructed lithium battery cells for in situ XRD study with Mylar windows replacing the beryllium windows. Using the state of art synchrotron based in situ XRD technique, new phases and new phase transitions during charge have been observed in all of these three systems. These new phases and phase transitions have not been reported or correctly identified in the literature. The relationship between the performance (capacity, thermal stability and cyclability) and the structural changes during cycling has been thoroughly studied. The results of these studies will be summarized in this presentation.
Capacity Value of Concentrating Solar Power Plants
This study estimates the capacity value of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant at a variety of locations within the western United States. This is done by optimizing the operation of the CSP plant and by using the effective load carrying capability (ELCC) metric, which is a standard reliability-based capacity value estimation technique. Although the ELCC metric is the most accurate estimation technique, we show that a simpler capacity-factor-based approximation method can closely estimate the ELCC value. Without storage, the capacity value of CSP plants varies widely depending on the year and solar multiple. The average capacity value of plants evaluated ranged from 45%?90% with a solar multiple range of 1.0-1.5. When introducing thermal energy storage (TES), the capacity value of the CSP plant is more difficult to estimate since one must account for energy in storage. We apply a capacity-factor-based technique under two different market settings: an energy-only market and an energy and capacity market. Our results show that adding TES to a CSP plant can increase its capacity value significantly at all of the locations. Adding a single hour of TES significantly increases the capacity value above the no-TES case, and with four hours of storage or more, the average capacity value at all locations exceeds 90%.
Madaeni, S. H.; Sioshansi, R.; Denholm, P.
The LiNiOiCarbon Lithium-Ion Battery," S. S. lonics, 69,238-the mid-1980's, the lithium-ion battery based on a carboncommercialization of the lithium-ion battery, several other
AGM Batteries Ltd | Open Energy Information
Ltd Place United Kingdom Product Manufactures lithium-ion cells and batteries for AEA Battery Systems Ltd. References AGM Batteries Ltd1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile...
Method for charging a storage battery
A method is disclosed for charging a lead-acid storage battery, the method comprising the steps of charging the battery at an initially high rate during an initial stage of the charging cycle, monitoring the internal battery voltage, charging the battery at a lower, finishing rate after a preselected battery voltage has been monitored, and periodically interrupting the finishing charge until the battery is recharged.
Fallon, W.H.; Kirby, D.W.; Neukirch, E.O.; Schober, W.R.
Carbon fiber paper cathodes for lithium ion batteries
A novel lithium ion battery cathode structure was produced which has the potential for excellent capacity retention and good thermal management. In these cathodes, the active cathode material (lithium iron phosphate) was carbon bonded to a thermally and electrically conductive carbon fiber paper (CFP) support. Electrochemical testing was performed on Swagelok cells consisting of CFP cathodes and lithium anodes. High specific energy, near-theoretical capacity, and good cycling performance were demonstrated for 0.11 mm and 0.37 mm thick CFP cathodes.
Kercher, Andrew K [ORNL; Kiggans, Jim [ORNL; Dudney, Nancy J [ORNL
Battery resource assessment. Subtask II. 5. Battery manufacturing capability recycling of battery materials. Draft final report
Studies were conducted on the recycling of advanced battery system components for six different battery systems. These include: Nickel/Zinc, Nickel/Iron, Zinc/Chlorine, Zinc/Bromine, Sodium/Sulfur, and Lithium-Aluminum/Iron Sulfide. For each battery system, one or more processes has been developed which would permit recycling of the major or active materials. Each recycle process has been designed to produce a product material which can be used directly as a raw material by the battery manufacturer. Metal recoverabilities are in the range of 93 to 95% for all processes. In each case, capital and operating costs have been developed for a recycling plant which processes 100,000 electric vehicle batteries per year. These costs have been developed based on material and energy balances, equipment lists, factored installation costs, and manpower estimates. In general, there are no technological barriers for recycling in the Nickel/Zinc, Nickel/Iron, Zinc/Chlorine and Zinc/Bromine battery systems. The recycling processes are based on essentially conventional, demonstrate technology. The lead times required to build battery recycling plants based on these processes is comparable to that of any other new plant. The total elapsed time required from inception to plant operation is approximately 3 to 5 y. The recycling process for the sodium/sulfur and lithium-aluminum/sulfide battery systems are not based on conventional technology. In particular, mechanical systems for dismantling these batteries must be developed.
Pemsler, P.
Better Batteries with a Conducting Polymer Binder
Batteries with a Conducting Polymer Binder Conductive polymer binder for Lithium ion battery June 2013 Berkeley Lab scientists have invented a new material for use in...
Ford Electric Battery Group | Open Energy Information
Ford Electric Battery Group Jump to: navigation, search Name Ford Electric Battery Group Place Dearborn, MI Information About Partnership with NREL Partnership with NREL Yes...
Energy - Green battery | ornl.gov
Energy - Green battery By substituting lignin for highly engineered, expensive graphite to make battery electrodes, researchers have developed a process that requires fewer steps...
Advanced battery modeling using neural networks.
??Batteries have gained importance as power sources for electric vehicles. The main problem with the battery technology available today is that the design of the� (more)
Arikara, Muralidharan Pushpakam
Battery-Size Regenerative Fuel Cells
ORNL 2010-G01073/jcn UT-B ID 201002378 Battery-Size Regenerative Fuel Cells Technology Summary A battery-size regenerative fuel cell with energy ...
Applied Battery Research Applied battery research addresses the barriers facing the lithium-ion systems that are closest to meeting the technical energy and power requirements for...
Kayo Battery Industries Group | Open Energy Information
Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Kayo Battery Industries Group Jump to: navigation, search Name Kayo Battery Industries Group Place...
Self-Regulating, Nonflamable Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ...
Rechargeable lithium batteries are superior to other rechargeable batteries due to their ability to store more energy per unit size and weight and to operate at ...
Battery Life Predictor Model - Energy Innovation Portal
Energy Analysis Battery Life Predictor Model ... Technology Marketing Summary Batteries are one of the leading cost drivers of any electric vehicle ...
Nanofilm Coatings Improve Battery Performance - Energy Innovation ...
Recent advances in battery technology are expected to more than double consumer demand for electric vehicles within the next five years. The lithium-ion battery is an ...
American Battery Charging Inc | Open Energy Information
Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon American Battery Charging Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name American Battery Charging Inc Place...
Battery Wireless Solutions Inc | Open Energy Information
Data Page Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Battery Wireless Solutions Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Battery & Wireless Solutions...
AdvancedLightSource Home Science Highlights Industry @ ALS Promising Magnesium Battery Research at ALS Promising Magnesium Battery Research at ALS Print Wednesday, 23...
China BAK Battery Inc | Open Energy Information
Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon China BAK Battery Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name China BAK Battery Inc Place Shenzhen, Guangdong...
Advanced Battery Factory | Open Energy Information
Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Advanced Battery Factory Jump to: navigation, search Name Advanced Battery Factory Place Shen Zhen...
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Possible Materials Issues
Argonne, IL Abstract The transition to plug-in hybrid vehicles and possibly pure battery electric vehicles will depend on the successful development of lithium-ion batteries....
Ovonic Battery Company Inc | Open Energy Information
Page Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Ovonic Battery Company Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Ovonic Battery Company Inc Place...
Carbon Micro Battery LLC | Open Energy Information
with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Carbon Micro Battery LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Carbon Micro Battery, LLC Place California...
Beijing Tianruichi Battery TRC | Open Energy Information
form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Beijing Tianruichi Battery TRC Jump to: navigation, search Name Beijing Tianruichi Battery (TRC) Place China...
Battery Recycling by Hydrometallurgy: Evaluation of Simultaneous ...
Presentation Title, Battery Recycling by Hydrometallurgy: Evaluation of ... of spent batteries using the same process, in order to overcome the high costs and�...
Five rules for longer battery life
The fundamentals of proper lead-acid battery care are given, including five basic maintenance rules, and the reasoning behind them, for longer battery life.