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Nov 07, 2010, 07:17 PM | |
They might not actually make them , but they do sell them with their name on them. http://www.spektrumrc.com/DSM/Products/heliServos.aspx Pat MacKenzie |
Nov 07, 2010, 10:23 PM | |
I've got about 200 flights on my HS65-HB. I've got about 300 flights on an "el cheapo" EXI head and about 250 flights on an EXI tail. Spektrum and Horizon Hobby don't necessarily represent higher quality, though they do offer a warranty and are available on the phone stateside.
I'd say that a lot of the perceived increase in flight performance for different parts and electronics is a placebo effect. For instance I know quite a few people that will swear that Align motors are horrible, yet apparently your experience has not been the same. I've found that quite a few of the cheaper Chinese electronics are the exact same or better quality than name brand electronics. I can tell you for a fact that there's no real difference in motor performance when using a HobbyKing SS ESC that costs $10.70 compared to a Castle Creations Phoenix 35a that costs $75 having owned both of them. Sure the Phoenix has more setup options and the ability to set a slower spool up rate, but in the end both of them push the motor exactly the same at 75% throttle. |
Nov 07, 2010, 10:41 PM | |
hey all!
ok went ta LHS 2day ta c if they had a brushed motor 4 my VNR,no joy ok they had a trex 450 kit on the shelf, align trex 450sa, it has balstic main and tail. (havn't heard about this kit in all the forums I've read. it was on sale at just under 220 bucks,I'm pretty shure it comes with everything but the reciever, and batt. ok the Q is,sense its the plastic version,should I go with a clone,r get the trex with all the trex gear, 4 a few bucks more,and I assume with parts that will all work 2gether,without having ta guess! thanks the KID! |
Latest blog entry: Mig 29/Su37 super flanker
Nov 08, 2010, 05:56 AM | |
mishap yesterday
was doing some low inverted hovering and after that punched it straight up very high, an then let it rainbow forward like i use to do often, but at the top it suddenly went ape-sht, lost orientation and before i realized it was dug in the ground. it "landed" inverted right on the metal head. damage as far as i can see: broken servo horn on elevator (might be the cause), grip bearings, screw in grip snapped off, mainshaft, CF blade. turning on "brake"on the esc IS A GOOD IDEA! This is the second time it saved me a maingear. |
Nov 08, 2010, 08:49 AM | ||
It will take you a while to find one but its well worth it.. plz only report back after you fount it! ps. Tell your big brother you need a whacking for abusing his RCgroups account |
Nov 08, 2010, 10:00 AM | ||
Maybe at least 1800 to go before getting concerned for wear ? If you could take the extra weight, I'll bet a set of HS-81's would last forever on the cyclic. They weigh about 16g each. So about 21g total over 9g servos.
Nov 08, 2010, 10:54 AM | |
what is your prob! it was an honest Q
Latest blog entry: Mig 29/Su37 super flanker
Nov 08, 2010, 11:36 AM | |
Joined Jul 2010
83 Posts
Anybody seen this: http://www.leaderhobby.com/product.asp?ID=9394001040002 : 450 Kit for US$ 9.90
Nov 08, 2010, 12:27 PM | ||
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Anyone tried Rogue's 13 Colonies Mead?
don't bother- I posted this while it was chilling to see if anyone had tried it... it is awful... gushed out of the bottle and made a mess- smelled like medicine and tasted like... hard to describe- the best I can come up with is flat Coors Light without the hops- thin, light and skanky... is it some kind of joke? Rogue makes really good beer- hard to imagine they actually let this be sold... save your money- I dumped it down the sink and I NEVER dump brew...
I looked up the brew and here is a quote on what goes into the mead:
A painting says a thousand words. But a painting while on good mead just looks funny!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Murray Report on Australia's financial system has made a total of 44 recommendations which, if adopted, will significantly affect the banking, superannuation and payments sectors, other financial services participants and the capital markets.
The Inquiry has focused its Report on the present weaknesses it sees in Australia's financial system – being distortions of funding flows to the real economy from tax and regulatory settings, a susceptibility to financial crises, inefficiency in the delivery of retirement incomes via superannuation, the prevalence of unfair consumer outcomes and a lack of policy or regulatory emphasis on the benefits of competition and innovation.
It recognises a series of material developments in the market since previous inquiries, including the GFC, technological innovation and that "the Australian financial system is part of a global economy increasingly influenced by Asia".
In this publication we outline the key recommendations that we think are the ones to watch.
Alerts | Press Releases | Newsletters | Publications
The much anticipated China Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) was announced earlier today. ChAFTA secures Australia's competitive position with our largest trading partner and lays the foundation for a deeper and stronger long-term strategic partnership.
It's a major step forward, sending a strong and unmistakable message that Australia is committed to developing a deeper engagement – economically, politically and socially – with China, and vice versa. This is the first agreement that China has concluded with a developed economy and the most comprehensive compared to any other nation.
Once ratified the key changes we can look forward to include:


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I have a couple of old élan snowmobiles. The one 248cc twin cylinder runs awesome when cold. So for about 15 minutes it is a blast to ride around. But after the heat sinks into the whole engine and everything is good and warm it will eventually stall out and will not start no matter what I do. So because it runs good and idles good for quite awhile I am thinking it is not the carburator. Some people have said it is something to do with the ignition system. So what do you think it is? I have put in new plug wires, spark plugs, and swapped coils from a parts engine. I have never dealt with the points or condensers, but could these be my issue? Or could it be my stator gimmick?
Hope I don't get the boot for my snowmobile question, it is an all terrain vehicle after all, with it's boogie suspension!


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Jim Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: The Enemy Is Us
Executive Decision: Lee Boothby
For his second "Executive Decision" segment, Cramer stuck with the oil and gas theme and spoke with Lee Boothby, chairman, president and CEO of Newfield Exploration (NFX - Get Report), a company that's selling its overseas assets in order to double down on its U.S. assets. Shares of Newfield are up 35% since Cramer last checked in a year ago.
Boothby said the U.S. is the "place to be" and he hopes to have the last of Newfield's Chinese assets sold by the end of 2014, making them a 100% domestic operator thereafter. He said Newfield has a strong inventory of opportunities and this is an exciting time for the industry and the nation.
For Newfield, it was a strategic decision to refocus on the U.S. Boothby noted that new technology and a renewed sense of entrepreneurship in America is giving our nation the greatest energy gift of the past 100 years.
When asked about the bottlenecks getting their product to market, Boothby said Newfield hasn't seen many issues and thanks to great planning, they're able to move capital and resources where its needed. Cramer said that Newfield is yet another great American success story and, yes, they're hiring.No Huddle Offense
In his "No Huddle Offense" segment, Cramer said there is one thing that can kill the bull but it's not the Federal Reserve -- it's too much supply. Cramer said there has been a onslaught of terrific cloud and biotech initial public offerings of late, but things won't be this rosy forever. He said six months from now, when lockups expire, the markets will likely see a huge wave of selling and secondary offerings that could drown the bull, at least for a while. There are only so many buyers in any given market, Cramer reminded viewers, and those buyers can easily be overwhelmed by a ton of shares for sale. That's why investors need to be careful and keep their eye on the calendar. To watch replays of Cramer's video segments, visit the Mad Money page on CNBC. To sign up for Jim Cramer's free Booyah! newsletter with all of his latest articles and videos please click here. -- Written by Scott Rutt in Washington, D.C. To email Scott about this article, click here: Scott Rutt Follow Scott on Twitter @ScottRutt or get updates on Facebook, ScottRuttDCCheck Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Keller pleased with Schalke's form
Schalke manager Jens Keller expresses his delight in winning 4 straight games with limited personnel.
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Bundesliga: Bayern Munich coach Pep Guardiola is pleased with how many goals his side have been scoring of late, but still thinks they can get even better.
(02:16) | Feb 26, 2015
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Hazard: I wasn't ready for Chelsea
Bundesliga: New Borussia Monchengladbach midfielder Thorgan Hazard spoke of his relief having signed from Chelsea and praised his brother Eden for securing a new contract in London.
(01:10) | Feb 24, 2015
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Premier League: Hull City manager Steve Bruce believes that the club 'aren't out of the woods yet' as they prepare to play Stoke on Saturday.
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Europa League: Tottenham Hotspur manager Mauricio Pochettino was disappointed to be knocked out of the Europa League ahead of his side's match against Chelsea in th e Capital One Cup final.
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Close to Foxwoods
Worn down room. Expensive.
Cleanliness and quietness
everything else
We were only staying for one night after visiting the casino. The bed was comfortable. The room is outdated and the toilet didn't flush on first try but overall for a short stay it was fine. We had a cheap rate so it was totally acceptable for what we spent.
Smelled like cigarettes. My friend thinks we had bedbugs because she has bites all over her legs
Room was in need of painting and general refurbishment. A/C-heater was noisy and couldn't be used. Refrigerator in room was nice, but again very noisy.
I needed to move the reservation 1 day due to severe weather but Priceline and Hampton Inn were unable to accommodate.
Location was convenient and hotel was perfect!
Ted & Caroll were just delighful. Would go back again. Evergthing was just perfect.
nothing to dislike
Good price for a great stay
a older motel. could use some updating
Mariah checked us in and I was blown away by the customer service she provided. She had an extra room available so she upgraded us, provided us with a few toiletries that we forgot instead if having to buy them in the store, and gave us free Buffett breakfast vouchers. She called the restaurant personally to book our dinner reservation (which we could have done ourselves but it was amazing how she just jumped in with "I'll call for you no problem") every time we passed the counter she greeted us by name and the most impressive part was when she called our room around 6 to see if we needed anything else before she headed out for the evening. I was just floored by her service and how genuine she was. I will recommend this hotel to everyone I know and will for sure be back again.
Good breakfast, friendly staff, convenient location to casinos and RI beaches
Clean and comfort
The continental breakfast was incredible
Location beside busy road all night long. Terrible due to no sleep.
The staff couldn't have been more friendly or helpful. We were very happy with our stay.
The location was great! The limo service is actually a white van, but the he driver was very friendly! We also needed maintenance work done and the man was very helpful and polite.
The two young girls working at the desk were incredibly rude and very unhelpful when the toilet in our room was broken. We waited over 20 minutes for shampoo before we went out into the hall to find it ourselves. The ice machine on our floor was broken.
Close to the casinos.
Rooms were out if date. Prepaid for room and they still charged me when I checked in and they said they couldn't put it back on my debit card until 2or 3 days later!
Nice room layout, pet friendly, convenient to interstate, good breakfast.
Location to town and attractions was not as depicted by site location at booking. Carpeting had sticky spots and smelled of dirty gym clothes. Poor soundproofing compared to other hotels we've stayed at, especially on this trip.
The complimentary breakfast was extensive and the staff was diligent in keeping all of the offerings replenished. The suite was large and very comfortable. We would stay again in the future
Great value! Reception desk staff greeted me as I was still approaching the desk. Professional hospitality, great facility, in great condition, in a fantastic location. Would definitely return.
The size if the room was perfect. The bed was very comfy. It was a short distance to both Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun. The Mystic Aquarium was with in walking distance as was the Old Mystic Plaza. All in all it was a great stay and I would recommend it to a friend.
We did not like that there wasn't a shuttle, car service or limo service to the Casino Resorts. For the price this feature should be included as well as a free Continental Breakfast.
Here's why:
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CustomInk showed us off for the 4th of July Parade! by 4th of July Parade - 8 months ago
"I am running for local office and we walked in our local 4th of July Parade in our CustomInk T-shirts. We got a lot of positive comments about how great we all looked in our spiffy shirts. Thank yo..." view full details
Family at county fair shows their support for Sarver for Prosecutor by Sarver for Prosecutor - over 2 years ago
"Hocking County Fair" view full details


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One of the biggest challenges transmission-network operators face in integrating large-scale solar and wind farms into their operations is the variability of these natural res READ MORE
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This product has not been rated. Login now to be the first to rate this product!
An inexpensive ball-point pen. Round barrel matches the color of the ink. Medium point provides a smooth writing tip. Ideal for the office or classroom. Sold in dozens.
Large sand timers offer a visual of how much time is left to complete a task. Great for games, timed tests, centers and more. Time is clearly marked on the ends and timers are color-coded for easy recognition. Each measures 3-1/4 x 6-3/8".
While their mother takes a nap, five mischievous monkeys discover that it is unwise to tease Mr. Crocodile. Audio CD leads kids through the 32 page paperback. By Eileen Christelow. Ages 3-8.
Early Math Skills Card Set features 126 cards that introduce basic math skills from number recognition (0-20) and counting skills, to teaching early fractions, measurement and simple equation building. Includes over 250 images on 126 double-sided cards. 3" cards fit info standard wall charts. Activity guide included. Ages 4 and up.
Familiar photo images and words build language arts skills and reinforce conceptual learning. Match Me Cards engage children's matching, memory and word/picture recognition skills. Includes child-pleasing, easy-to-follow activities. 52 two-sided cards, 3 x 3-7/8" each, in a sturdy storage box. Grades K-2.
© United Art and Education 2001-2015 All Rights Reserved. (800) 322-3247 (800) 322-3247


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quote:Common sense restriction, or infringing on rights?
quote:So does hunters safety course count?
quote: anyone who wishes to purchase a firearm go through a one-time gun safety course before allowing that purchase.
quote:if the course is free no problem. If I have to pay for the course....infringing on rights.
quote:I think it's a really good idea in theory, but I highly doubt it'll ever be free.
quote:There would be a pretty good argument that it is an infringment of rights, but it would be a good thing. Teaching it in schools wouldnt fly but in the long term it would reduce gun violence
quote:Teaching it in schools wouldnt fly but in the long term it would reduce gun violence.
quote:You do realize that the ones committing gun violence do not care one bit about being safe, correct?
quote:If the dems can whine and moan about free ID cards being an impediment to vote....which isnt even a right!


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The Skyview wrestling team opened its season Friday with a dual meet victory over Soldotna at Soldotna.
Skyview 55, Soldotna 22
103 A. Janorscke, Sky, won by forfeit; 112 M. Hutchison, Sky, won by forfeit; 119 J. Cuifo, Sol, won by forfeit; 125 L. Morse, Sky, dec. S. Burlison, 9-7; 130 E. Gauthier, Sky, won by forfeit; 135 E. Hutchison, Sky, p. E. Morris, 2:45; 140 S. Strausbaugh, Sky, dec. S. Foster, 12-10; 145 C. Buffington, Sky, dec. B. Goracke, 7-5; 152 E. Buffington, Sky, p. R. Hatt, 3:15; 160 B. Breakfield, Sol, m.d. J. Carlon, 17-8; 171 P. Sheridan, Sky, won by forfeit; 189 T. Wehrli, Sky, p. E. Waters, 2:41; 215 T. Waterbury, Sol, p. J. Detavenier, 1:06; 275 S. Whitmore, Sol, p. R. Bacon, 1:19.
Peninsula Clarion ©2015. All Rights Reserved.


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Diamond Pet Foods has expanded a voluntary recall of Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul Adult Light Formula dry dog food to include one production run and four production codes, after one bag of the dog food tested positive for Salmonella.
The recall includes Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul Adult Light Formula dry dog food in 35-pound bags with production codes of: CLF0102B31XCW, with "Best by" date of Jan. 27, 2013; CLF0102B31XCW, with "Best by" date of Jan. 28, 2013; and CLF0102B32XWR, with "Best by" date of Jan. 28, 2013. The recall also includes 6-pound bags of the same Chicken Soup dry dog food, with production code CLF0102B3XALW and "Best by" date of Jan. 28, 2013.
The recalled product was distributed in Florida, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia, USA, but product may have been distributed through other petfood channels to other states.
Consumers who purchased the Diamond Pet Food's recalled dry dog food should throw the product away immediately. Signs of Salmonella in pets include decreased appetite, fever, abdominal pain, lethargy, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and vomiting. Consumers who have questions should contact the company at +1.800.442.0402.
The maker of raw and holistic diets seeks to help transform pets through its products, philosophy, education and research
The company builds on its boutique business with three new lines for pet stores, including baked dog food and treats
Is the Proportions whole food nutrition program a healthier alternative to conventional diets?
What you need to keep your manufacturing line clean, safe and contaminant-free
Smaller lobbying groups employed most often to fight for clients' interests
The new US food safety legislation will also affect regulation of petfood
Processors should carefully develop, validate and implement an effective kill step to support production of pathogen-free petfoods
Select cat and dog foods may contain aflatoxin
Spending bill passed in House, being considered by Senate
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Lords of the Fallen challenge trailer takes a mulligan, kicks in doorsIt turns out that when a hulking behemoth charges at you as fast as it can, you might want to get out of the way. If that wasn't common sense, the first 40 seconds of this new Lords of the Fallen trailer expertly conveys it. After that fool gets knocked on his ass, he learns from his mistakes, rewinds, kicks in some more doors for good measure, and adapts. Steven recently had a hands-off demo in which he was shown how to make monsters fall through planks. That marks at least the third time we've seen Lords of the Fallen, but not played it. Come on, guys! I know it looks super hard and everything, but dying is the only way we'll learn. Comments not appearing? Anti-virus apps like Avast or some browser extensions can cause this. Easy fix: Add [*].disqus.com to your software's white list. Tada! Happy comments time again.
Did you know? You can now get daily or weekly email notifications when humans reply to your comments.


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Farmington student wins a trip to Washington, D.C.
Five local high school students, including one from Farmington, were recently selected to receive a trip to Washington, D.C., sponsored by Dakota Electric Association. The winners are Anna Marie Rutz, Farmington High School; Rhett Carlson, Apple Valley High School; Jay Casella, Eagan High School; Aaron Mamer, Hastings High School; and Grant Udelhofen, Apple Valley High School. The students will participate in the National Rural Electric Association's annual Washington, D.C.


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Thought provoking messages that will help you deal with events in your daily life.
What a world this would be if we could only learn to count our blessings even while we are counting our troubles.
An altruistic person is one who starts working for the good of others.
A comment we hear from time to time is, "Nothing is good or bad, but thinking makes it so."
God has a special place in His heart for those who are in great need.
We are surrounded with earthly things, and setting our minds on them seems natural.
This Psalms lists many of the deeds God performed and does perform.
Many verses of the Bible talk about the Kingdom of Heaven or the Kingdom of God.
No doubt one of the most incredible and despicable acts of humans was the interaction of Israel with their God after He brought them out of Egypt.
We truly are funny creatures. We often think that just a little poison will not hurt us.
In every agreement among men or with God, there are clauses that dictate conditions of the agreement.
Our benevolent and loving heavenly Father enjoys bestowing gifts and blessings upon His children.
A few years ago a pair of robins built a nest under our roof.
Life seems to be on a very fast track in the Western world.
There is one certainty that we all face, and that is that things change: our health, our wealth, our station in life, those who are near and dear to us.
The writer of Ecclesiastes stated, "A man has nothing better under the sun than to eat, drink, and be merry" (Ecclesiastes:8:15Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun.).
Isaiah was inspired to write, "Those who wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength" (Isaiah:40:31But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.).
The words of a song from 1944 by The Ink Spots were, "Into each life some rain must fall."
We will rarely find a person who does not want to get better when they are ill.
A Latin proverb says, "That which is bitter to endure may be sweet to remember."
A ruler or person in a leading position has a great influence on those working for him.
When we fear men we are in danger of becoming slaves.
As we walk and live among the aged in our lands, it is not always easy to remember that they too were beautiful young ladies and handsome young men at some time.
There seems to be no limit to the way that we can cover our sins and guilt with words of denial.
All humans strive to be successful in whatever venture they do.
Humans seem to have a tendency to embellish or change the things they talk about.
We seem to have slipped into a generation that wants beautiful houses and costly furnishings at the start of life.
The Word of God tells us to fear God and honor the king (Proverbs:24:21My son, fear thou the LORD and the king: and meddle not with them that are given to change:, 1 Peter:2:17Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.).
It seems that every nation and culture has a great respect for those who face great odds and trials, but who faithfully endure them.
It would be an error to think that anyone who is a farmer is automatically a patient person.
There is a wisdom that comes from God, the true wisdom, versus the wisdom that comes from Satan that is the cause of so many problems.


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What does ECO mean in Astronomy?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ECO in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Astronomy terminology in particular.
Earth Crossing Object
Find a translation for ECO in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ECO mean?
- eco(Adjective)
- Environmentally friendly or sensitive.
Discuss this ECO abbreviation with the community:
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"ECO." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 5 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/82310>.
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- Early Childhood Outcomes
- Early Connection Option
- Earth Communications Office
- Earth Conscious Optics
- Earth-Conscious Organization
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An electric workout through pedal power
Gyms hook up exercise bikes to TVs, laptops, and batteries to let their patrons power the place.
Sarah Beth Glicksteen/The Christian Science Monitor
Cambridge, Mass.
After classes, Sally Peach, a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has a long list of to-dos.
She wants to hit the gym, tackle school work, and, as captain of an intramural soccer team and member of a campus health advocacy program, she has plenty of e-mail to respond to every evening.
"Though I know I am being productive, it feels like a complete waste of time to sit there and do just [e-mail replies]," says Ms. Peach.
So, once she arrives at the gym, Peach makes a beeline for a special stationary bike that has a laptop built into the front. The computer is not plugged in. There is an empty space where the battery once fit. But when Peach starts pedaling, the computer fires up. Her spinning workout powers the laptop – and lets her cross off two tasks at once.
Pedal power has been a small-time alternative-energy source for ages. Many innovators have tried to tap the simple motion to power devices – especially those engineered for developing countries, where power grids are unreliable. But few designs have stuck. People aren't willing to exert much energy just to run simple devices.
But in gyms across the country, ecoconscious patrons are asking why cardio equipment needs to drain power, when the exercisers are already eager to burn calories. Now, fitness centers are beginning to experiment with ways to put muscle strength to good use.
"The idea pretty much sold itself," says Adam Boesel, a personal trainer in Portland, Ore.
Page 1 of 5


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy | |
Classification and external resources | |
eMedicine | sports/ |
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy | |
Classification and external resources | |
eMedicine | sports/ |
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a form of encephalopathy that is a progressive degenerative disease, which can currently only be definitively diagnosed postmortem, in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other forms of head injury. In March 2014, researchers announced the discovery of an exosome particle created by the brain which has been shown to contain trace proteins indicating the presence of the disease,[1] however, a test is not yet available. The disease was previously called dementia pugilistica (DP), as it was initially found in those with a history of boxing. CTE has been most commonly found in professional athletes participating in American football, ice hockey, professional wrestling and other contact sports who have experienced repetitive brain trauma. It has also been found in soldiers exposed to a blast or a concussive injury,[2] in both cases resulting in characteristic degeneration of brain tissue and the accumulation of tau protein. Individuals with CTE may show symptoms of dementia, such as memory loss, aggression, confusion and depression, which generally appear years or many decades after the trauma.
Repeated concussions and injuries less serious than concussions ("sub-concussions") incurred during the play of contact sports over a long period have not yet been found to result in CTE. In the case of blast injury, a single exposure to a blast and the subsequent violent movement of the head in the blast wind can cause the condition.[2]
CTE is a neurological degenerative disease found in individuals who have been subjected to repetitive traumatic brain injuries[3] by way of the acceleration of the head on impact and the subsequent damage to axons. While repetitive brain trauma is thought to be necessary to cause CTE, it is not sufficient, meaning that not everyone exposed to repetitive brain trauma will get the disease. Other risk factors are possible but have not yet been reported, due to the donated brains in the brain bank at the Boston University School of Medicine and elsewhere, which consists mostly of the brains of athletes with a history of professional participation in contact sports.[4] Professional level athletes are the largest demographic to suffer from CTE due to frequent concussions from play in contact-sport. These contact-sports include American football, ice hockey, rugby, boxing, and wrestling.[5] Other individuals that have been diagnosed with CTE were involved in military service, had a previous history of chronic seizures, victims of domestic abuse, and or were involved in activities resulting in repetitive head collisions.[6] Reports of CTE have steadily increased in younger athletes, most likely due to increased awareness of the issue and perhaps due in part to athletes becoming bigger and stronger producing greater magnitudes of force in collision.[5]
The primary physical manifestations of CTE include a reduction in brain weight, associated with atrophy of the frontal and temporal cortices and medial temporal lobe. The lateral ventricles and the third ventricle are often enlarged, with rare instances of dilation of the fourth ventricle.[7] Other physical manifestations of CTE include anterior cavum septi pellucidi and posterior fenestrations, pallor of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus, and atrophy of the olfactory bulbs, thalamus, mammillary bodies, brainstem and cerebellum.[8] As CTE progresses, there may be marked atrophy of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala.[3]
On a microscopic scale the pathology includes neuronal loss, tau deposition, TAR DNA-binding Protein 43 (TDP 43)[9] beta-amyloid deposition, white matter changes, and other abnormalities. The tau deposition occurs as dense neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neurites, and glial tangles, which are made up of astrocytes and other glial cells[7] Beta-amyloid deposition is a relatively uncommon feature of CTE.
A small group of individuals with CTE have chronic traumatic encephalomyopathy (CTEM), characterized by motor neuron disease symptoms and mimics Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (known in the United States as Lou Gehrig's disease). Progressive muscle weakness and balance and gait problems seem to be early signs of CTEM.[7]
Other than repeated brain trauma, the risk factors for CTE remain unknown.[7] So far, CTE can only be diagnosed posthumously. Research studies are looking into possible genetic, exposure level, and other risk factors.
Researchers who conducted a CTE pilot study at UCLA described the findings as a significant step toward being able to diagnose CTE, in living patients.[10]
Research performed at the Cleveland Clinic and at the University of Rochester[11] has shown that in addition to concussions, sub-concussive head hits also produce measurable changes in athletes' MRI. Bazarian (University of Rochester) demonstrated persistent changes in white matter properties in athletes who did not experience a concussion during a season but had several blows to the head. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that a number of sub-concussive events may be as damaging as a frank concussion. The MRI changes reported in this study were causally related to the presence in serum of players of auto-antibodies against the brain protein S100B. The sequence of events proposed by Janigro at the Cleveland Clinic links sub-concussion to leakage of the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of brain S100B in blood,[12] activation of an immune response due to antigen unmasking and production of auto-antiboides. These auto-antibodies maybe pathogenic as shown for example in epileptic human brain.[13] The link between S100B auto-antibodies and CTE needs experimental confirmation; however, antibodies against S100B or other brain protein have been found in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Clinical symptoms of CTE are only beginning to be understood. They are thought to include changes in mood (i.e. depression, suicidality, apathy, anxiety), cognition (i.e. memory loss, executive dysfunction), behavior (short fuse, aggression), and in some cases motor disturbance (i.e. difficulty with balance and gait). While the pathology of CTE has been broken up into stages,[9] the clinical symptoms and clinical progression of CTE are not yet fully understood.
No agreement has been reached about how much or little head trauma is needed for CTE to develop, or the overarching mechanism of injury.[4] Recently, investigators demonstrated that immobilizing the head during a blast exposure prevented the learning and memory deficits associated with CTE that occurred when the head was not immobilized. This research, represents the first case series of postmortem brains from U.S. military personnel who were exposed to a blast and/or a concussive injury. [2] However, the protein tau which binds microtubules of brain axons, was found to have an elastic limit which is speed dependent; when breached, the microtubles become undone and cause brain swellings due to backups of information transport.[14]
The lack of in-vivo techniques to show distinct biomarkers for CTE is the reason CTE cannot be diagnosed during lifetime. The only known diagnosis for CTE occurs by studying the brain tissue after death. Concussions are non-structural injuries and do not result in brain bleeding, which is why most concussions cannot be seen on routine neuroimaging tests such as CT or MRI.[15] Acute concussion symptoms (those that occur shortly after an injury) should not be confused with CTE. Differentiating between prolonged post-concussion syndrome (PCS, where symptoms begin shortly after a concussion and last for weeks, months, and sometimes even years) and CTE symptoms can be difficult. Research studies are currently examining whether neuroimaging can detect subtle changes in axonal integrity and structural lesions that can occur in CTE.[3] Recently, more progress in in-vivo diagnostic techniques for CTE has been made, using DTI, fMRI, MRI, and MRS imaging; however, more research needs to be done before any such techniques can be validated.[7]
Positron Emission Tomography(PET) using a newly developed radiopharmaceutical [18F]FDDNP is being investigated as a tool to allow in-vivo diagnosis of CTE.[16] In late 2013, breaking research was completed by the University of California Los Angeles in which for the first time ever, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy was found in living-retired National Football League players. Prior to this breakthrough study conducted by UCLA, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy could only be found posthumously through autopsies of diseased athletes, however, this study found the brain disease in numerous living athletes. The scan lit up for tau in all five former players, according to the study. The protein was concentrated in areas that control memory, emotions and other functions—a pattern consistent with the distribution of tau in CTE brains that have been studied following autopsy, according to the researchers. A small study of 5 patients has been reported to show accumulation of tau protein in the brains of suspected CTE patients seen on PET scan.[17] This finding is also noted in a number of other dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and familial frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome abnormality.[18] At the current time PET scanning is not widely used in screening because of the high cost of the study (estimated to be $5000 USD).[19]
A putative biomarker for CTE is the presence in serum of auto-antibodies against the brain. These may enter the brain by means of a disrupted blood-brain barrier, and attack neuronal cells which are normally protected from an immune onslaught.[20] Given the large numbers of neurons present in the brain, and considering the poor penetration of antibodies across a normal blood-brain barrier, there is an extended period of time between the initial events (head hits) and the development of any signs or symptoms. Nevertheless, autoimmune changes in blood of players may consist the earliest measurable event predicting CTE.
CTE was first noticed as a "peculiar condition" casually referred to as a "punch-drunk" syndrome in boxers and prizefighters before the 1930s. It was recognized as affecting individuals who took considerable blows to the head, but was believed to be confined to boxers and not other athletes.[21] In 2008, the Sports Legacy Institute joined with the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) to form the Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy (CSTE).[22] Brain Injury Research Institute (BIRI) also studies the impact of concussions.[23][24]
Between 2008 and 2010, the bodies of twelve former professional American football players underwent postmortem evaluations for CTE, and all of them showed evidence of the disease, indicating a conservatively estimated prevalence rate of 3.7% among professional football players if no other players who died during this period had CTE.[25]
Bennet Omalu, a forensic pathologist and neuropathologist in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania found CTE in the brains of Mike Webster, Terry Long, Andre Waters, Justin Strzelczyk and Tom McHale.[24] Omalu, in 2012 a medical examiner and associate adjunct professor in California, was a co-founder of BIRI[24] and reportedly in 2012 participated in the autopsy of Junior Seau.[23] Omalu's participation was halted during the autopsy after Junior Seau's son revoked previously provided oral permission after he received telephone calls from NFL management denouncing Omalu's professional ethics, qualifications, and motivation.
On December 1, 2012, Kansas City Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher killed his girlfriend and drove to Arrowhead Stadium and killed himself in front of then GM Scott Pioli and then head coach Romeo Crennel. A year later, a family lawyer filed a wrongful death lawsuit, on behalf of Belcher's minor daughter, against the Chiefs alleging the team deliberately ignored warning signs of CTE, possibly leading to his suicide. The lawyer also hired a medical examiner to examine Belcher's brain for signs of CTE. On September 29, 2014, it was confirmed that he suffered from CTE.[26]
As of December 2012, thirty-three former National Football League (NFL) players have been diagnosed post-mortem with CTE. Former Detroit Lions lineman and eight-time Pro Bowler Lou Creekmur,[27] former Houston Oilers and Miami Dolphins linebacker John Grimsley,[28] former Tampa Bay Buccaneers guard Tom McHale,[29] former Cincinnati Bengals wide receiver Chris Henry,[30] and former Chicago Bears safety Dave Duerson,[31] have all been diagnosed post-mortem with CTE. Other football players diagnosed with CTE include former Buffalo Bills star running back Cookie Gilchrist[32] and Wally Hilgenberg.,[33] among others.
An autopsy conducted in 2010 on the brain of Owen Thomas, a 21-year-old junior lineman at the University of Pennsylvania who committed suicide, showed early stages of CTE, making him the second youngest person to be diagnosed with the condition. Thomas was the second amateur football player diagnosed with CTE, after Mike Borich, who died at 42.[34] The doctors who performed the autopsy indicated that they found no causal connection between the nascent CTE and Thomas's suicide. There were no records of Thomas missing any playing time due to concussion, but as a player who played hard and "loved to hit people," Thomas may have played through concussions and received thousands of subconcussive impacts on the brain.[35]
In October 2010, 17-year-old Nathan Stiles died hours after his high school homecoming football game, where he took a hit that would be the final straw in a series of subconcussive and concussive blows to the head for the highschooler. The CSTE diagnosed him with CTE, making him the youngest reported CTE case to date.[36]
In July, 2011, Colt tight end John Mackey died after several years of deepening symptoms of frontotemporal dementia. BUSM was reported to be planning to examine his brain for signs of CTE.[37] The CSTE found CTE in his brain post-mortem.[38]
In 2012, retired NFL player Junior Seau committed suicide with a gunshot wound to the chest.[39] There was speculation that he suffered brain damage due to CTE.[23][40][41][42][43] Seau's family donated his brain tissue to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.[44] On January 10, 2013, the brain pathology report was revealed and Seau did have evidence of CTE.[45]
On July 27, 2012, an autopsy report concluded that the former Atlanta Falcons safety Ray Easterling, who committed suicide in April 2012, had CTE.[46][47]
The NFL has taken measures to help prevent CTE. As of July 2011, the NFL has changed its return-to-play rules.[citation needed] The number of contact practices has been reduced, based on the recent collective bargaining agreement.[48]
In 2012, some four thousand former NFL players "joined civil lawsuits against the League, seeking damages over the League's failure to protect players from concussions, according to Judy Battista of the [New York] Times".[49]
On August 30, 2013, the NFL reached a $765 million settlement with the former NFL players over the head injuries.[50] The settlement created a $675 million compensation fund from which former NFL players can collect from depending on the extent of their conditions. Severe conditions such as Lou Gehrig's disease and postmortem diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy would be entitled to payouts as high as $5 million.[50] From the remainder of the settlement, $75 million will be used for medical exams, and $10 million will be used for research and education.[50] However, in January, 2014, U.S. District Judge Anita B. Brody refused to accept the agreed settlement because "the money wouldn't adequately compensate the nearly 20,000 men not named in the suit".[51]
Bernie Kosar, who sustained several concussions during his twelve-year NFL career and has shown symptoms of CTE, has submitted himself to an experimental treatment program led by Rick Sponaugle of Florida that has alleviated many of his symptoms. The program, the details of which are proprietary, involves increasing blood flow to damaged portions of the brain. He has spoken out in public about his successes with the treatment in the hopes that others who suffer from the disease can find relief and avoid the fates of Duerson and Seau, both of whom were personal friends of Kosar's.[52] The efficacy of Sponaugle's treatment has not been validated through any published clinical trials or other validated scientific process, nor has this treatment been supported by any reputable medical group conducting research into CTE.
Athletes from other sports have also been identified as having CTE, such as hockey player Bob Probert.[53] Neuropathologists at Boston University diagnosed Reg Fleming as the first hockey player known to have the disease. This discovery was announced in December 2009, six months after Fleming's death.[54]
Rick Martin, best known for being part of the Buffalo Sabres' French Connection, was diagnosed with CTE after his brain was posthumously analyzed.[55] Martin was the first documented case of an ice hockey player not known as an enforcer to have developed CTE; Martin was believed to have developed the disease primarily as a result of a severe concussion he suffered in 1977 while not wearing a helmet. The disease was low-grade and asymptomatic in his case, not affecting his cognitive functions. He died of a heart attack in March 2011 at the age of 59.[56]
Also within a few months in 2011, the deaths of three hockey "enforcers"—Derek Boogaard from a combination of too many painkillers and alcohol, Rick Rypien, an apparent suicide, and Wade Belak, who, like Rypien, had reportedly suffered from depression; and all with a record of fighting, blows to the head and concussions—led to more concerns about CTE. Boogaard's brain was examined by BUSM, which in October 2011 determined the presence of CTE.[57] One National Hockey League player known in part for leading "the thump parade", Shawn Thornton of the Boston Bruins, mulled over the "tragic coincidence" of the three recent league deaths and agreed that their deaths were due to the same cause, yet still defended the role of fighting on the rink.[58]
In 2007, neuropathologists from the Sports Legacy Institute (an organization co-founded by Christopher Nowinski, himself a former professional wrestler) examined the brain of Chris Benoit, a professional wrestler with the WWE, who had apparently killed his wife and son before committing suicide. The suicide and double murder were originally attributed to anabolic steroid abuse, but a brain biopsy confirmed pathognomonic CTE tissue changes: large aggregations of tau protein as manifested by neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, which cause neurodegeneration.[59][60]
In 2009, Bennet Omalu discovered CTE in recently retired wrestler Andrew "Test" Martin, who died at age 33 from an accidental medicine overdose.[61]
In 2012, Patrick Grange a semi-pro soccer player, was diagnosed in an autopsy with Stage 2 CTE with motor neuron disease. "The fact that Patrick Grange was a prolific header is important," Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of the Sports Legacy Institute, said in an e-mail. "We need a larger discussion around at what age we introduce headers, and how we set limits to exposure once it is introduced."[62] Grange played soccer at high school; college at Illinois-Chicago and New Mexico; in the Premier Development League; for Albuquerque Asylum and Chicago Fire Premier. He died of ALS at age 29 in 2012 with a posthumous diagnosis of CTE.[63]
Researchers found Australian rugby union player Barry "Tizza" Taylor died in 2013 of complications of severe CTE with dementia at age 77. Taylor played for 19 years in amateur and senior leagues before becoming a coach.[62]
In 2013, Dr Willie Stewart, Consultant Neuropathologist at the Institute of Neurological Sciences at the Southern General Hospital in Glasgow, identified CTE in the brain of a former amateur rugby player in his 50s which is believed to be the first confirmed case of early onset dementia caused by CTE in a rugby player.[64]
In 2012, Ryan Freel testing of his brain tissue after his death found that he had Stage 2 CTE, Freel has the distinction of being the first Major League Baseball player to be diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy.[65]
In 2008, the CSTE at Boston University at the BU School of Medicine started the CSTE brain bank at the Bedford VA Hospital to analyze the effects of CTE and other neurodegenerative diseases on the brain and spinal cord of athletes, military veterans, and civilians[9] To date the CSTE Brain Bank is the largest CTE tissue repository in the world.[7] On December 21, 2009, the National Football League Players Association announced that it would collaborate with the CSTE at the Boston University School of Medicine to support the Center's study of repetitive brain trauma in athletes.[66] Additionally, in 2010 the National Football League gave the CSTE a $1 million gift with no strings attached.[67][68] In 2008, twelve living athletes (active and retired), including hockey players Pat LaFontaine and Noah Welch as well as former NFL star Ted Johnson, committed to donate their brains to CSTE after their deaths.[22][69] In 2009, NFL Pro Bowlers Matt Birk, Lofa Tatupu, and Sean Morey pledged to donate their brains to the CSTE.[70] In 2010, 20 more NFL players and former players pledged to join the CSTE Brain Donation Registry, including Chicago Bears linebacker Hunter Hillenmeyer, Hall of Famer Mike Haynes, Pro Bowlers Zach Thomas, Kyle Turley, and Conrad Dobler, Super Bowl Champion Don Hasselbeck and former pro players Lew Carpenter, and Todd Hendricks . In 2010, Professional Wrestlers Mick Foley and Matt Morgan also agreed to donate their brains upon their deaths. Also in 2010, MLS soccer player Taylor Twellman, who had to retire from the New England Revolution because of post-concussion symptoms, agreed to donate his brain upon his death. As of 2010, the CSTE Brain Donation Registry consists of over 250 current and former athletes.[71] In 2011, former North Queensland Cowboys player Shaun Valentine became the first rugby player to agree to donate his brain upon his death, in response to recent concerns about the effects of concussions on Rugby League players, who do not use helmets. Also in 2011, boxer Micky Ward, whose career inspired the film The Fighter, agreed to donate his brain upon his death.
In related research, the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, which is part of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is conducting research funded by National Football League Charities to "study former football players, a population with a high prevalence of exposure to prior Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) and sub-concussive impacts, in order to investigate the association between increased football exposure and recurrent MTBI and neurodegenerative disorders such as cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD)".[72]
In February 2011, Dave Duerson committed suicide,[43] leaving text messages to loved ones asking that his brain be donated to research for CTE.[73] The family got in touch with representatives of the Boston University center studying the condition, said Robert Stern, a co-director of the research group. Stern said Duerson's was the first time he was aware of that such a request had been left by a suicide potentially linked to CTE.[74] Stern and his colleagues found high levels of the protein tau in Duerson's brain. These elevated levels, which were abnormally clumped and pooled along the brain sulci,[9] are indicative of CTE.[31]
In July 2010, NHL enforcer Bob Probert died of heart failure. Before his death, he asked his wife to donate his brain to CTE research because it was noticed that Probert experienced a mental decline in his 40s. In March 2011, researchers at Boston University concluded that Probert had CTE upon analysis of the brain tissue he donated. He is the second NHL player from the program at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy to be diagnosed with CTE postmortem.[75]
BUSM has also found indications of links between Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and CTE in athletes who have participated in contact sports. Tissue for the study was donated by twelve athletes and their families to the CSTE Brain Bank at the Bedford, Massachusetts VA Medical Center.[76]
Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic have shown auto-antibodies directed against the brain of players who experience a large number of head hits but no concussions, suggesting that even sub-concussive episodes may be damaging to the brain.[11]
In 2013, President Barack Obama announced the creation of the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium or CENC, a federally funded research project devised to address the long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury in military service personnel (SMs) and Veterans.[77][78][79] After a competitive application process, a consortium led by Virginia Commonwealth University prevailed and was announced as the recipient of the award by President Obama on August 20, 2013.[80][81][82][83][84][85] At the time of the award, this was the single largest grant ever awarded to Virginia Commonwealth University.[82] Nearly 20% of the more than 2.5 million U.S. Service Members (SMs) deployed since 2003 to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) have sustained at least one traumatic brain injury (TBI), predominantly mild TBI (mTBI),[86][87] and almost 8% of all OEF/OIF Veterans demonstrate persistent post-TBI symptoms more than six months post-injury.[88][89] Unlike those head injuries incurred in most sporting events, recent military head injuries are most often the result of blast wave exposure. Explosive munitions, predominantly improvised explosive device' (IEDs), have caused the overwhelming majority of these identified cases. The incidence is likely even significantly higher than reported, as many mTBIs may go unrecognized during and even after deployment because of more visible concomitant injuries capturing greater attention, clinicians' limited awareness of the often subtle initial findings, and patients' reduced subjective awareness related to cognitive deficits in the acute period.[90] The mission of the CENC is to fill the gaps in knowledge about the basic science of mild TBI (also termed concussion), to determine its effects on late-life outcomes and neurodegeneration, to identify service members most susceptible to these effects, and to identify the most effective treatment strategies.[80][81][82][91] The CENC is a multi-center collaboration linking premiere basic science, translational, and clinical neuroscience researchers from the DoD, VA, academic universities, and private research institutes to effectively address the scientific, diagnostic, and therapeutic ramifications of mild TBI and its long-term effects.[82][83][84][85][92] The CENC serves as the comprehensive research network for DoD and VA that focuses on the long-term effects of combat-related and military-relevant TBI.[85] The CENC is designed to conduct research that provides clinically relevant answers and interventions for current service members and Veterans and to develop the long-term solutions to the chronic effects of TBI. The CENC is identifying and characterizing the anatomic, molecular, and physiological mechanisms of chronic injury from TBI and potential neurodegeneration, investigating the relationship of comorbidities (psychological, neurological, sensory, motor, pain, cognitive, neuroendocrine) of trauma and combat-exposure to TBI with neurodegeneration, and assessing the efficacy of existing and novel treatment and rehabilitation strategies for chronic effects and neurodegeneration following TBI.[91] The project principal investigator for the CENC is David Cifu, Chairman and Herman J. Flax professor[93] of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, Virginia, Staff Physiatrist at the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (HHM-VAMC),[94] Founding Director of the VCU-Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering[95] and National Director of PM&R Services in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration.[81][82][83][96][97] Project co-principal investigators are Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Professor of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and Director of Clinical Research at the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM),[85] and Rick L. Williams, statistician at RTI International and a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.[92]
Some researchers advise caution when interpreting currently available data. There are no published epidemiological, cross-sectional or prospective studies relating to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The current studies are primarily case reports and pathological case series. These types of studies may lack controls for observer bias, causality, or other risk factors. The existing literature is unable to account for changes caused by other factors such as aging, psychiatric or mental health illness, alcohol/drug use or coexisting dementia of other causes.[citation needed]
The hypothesis that repeated concussion or subconcussive impacts cause CTE remains unproven. Confirmation is needed by prospective longitudinal studies utilizing standard scientific method. [98]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
American football[edit]Association football[edit]Canadian football[edit]
Professional wrestling[edit]Baseball[edit]Hockey[edit] |


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Come Together: St. Jude Birthday Surprise
During a visit to St. Jude hospital in Memphis, the Pistons gifted a patient named Lindsey with a special birthday surprise.


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Pen-Y-Garth Lodges is part of our Evermore Lodge Collection, an exclusive and breathtaking haven of peace and tranquility set within beautiful landscaped grounds just a short walk from the serene majesty of Bala Lake. Perfect for those seeking to relax and unwind in harmony with nature in glorious Snowdonia, this is an unrivalled opportunity to experience the Welsh 'Lake District' – Wales at its scenic and cultural best.Taking full advantage of the spectacular backdrop, each lodge has been carefully situated to maximise space and complement the scenery, while delightful contemporary interiors effortlessly blend style with luxurious home-from-home touches.A cocktail of towering mountains, plunging valleys, crystal lakes and deep, dark forests, this dramatic landscape benefits from less crowding than much of Snowdonia. Perfect for soaking up true Welsh character, Bala boasts a wonderful historic town, while Bala Lake, the largest expanse of natural open water in Wales, offers a paradise for sailing and watersports. Attractions and activities abound, but walking is a must.Bala is a quaint market town with a range of traditional shops housed in picturesque buildings making it a charming example of Welsh country life.
This park has:Games room*Children's play areaLaunderette*
Real reviews, from customers like you.
Fantastic location. Beautiful surroundings and would definitely stay again. Staff were great too
The place was absolutely beautiful, the lodge we stayed in was beyond perfect and we thoroughly enjoyed every single minute we were the, it really did exceed our expectations and we came home feeling totally refreshed. Perfect weeks holiday!!
Fantastic place to stay can't comment on helpfulness of staff as we did not need them and didn't see them
This was the best holiday I have had stayed here over the new year and fell in love with the place it was beautiful staff were very helpful. really enjoyed my staff going back this Christmas & New year.
A fabulous break. We enquired about prolonging our stay but all the lodges were booked. Loved it. Have never before booked a winter break in UK but will do the same next year.
We had two cabins next to one another...but one of them the washing machine didnt work, the oven didnt work and the showers werent always hot. We did complain but its a good job we had two cabins other we would of been able to cook anything. Other than that we had a great New Year break.
A dear friend and family had departed early due to issues with accommodation. This ruined our family's Christmas.
Brilliant location with lovely views and the people and place was perfect.
beautiful setting.excellent lodge.we went in late autum hot tub on a frosty morning, bliss !!!!!
Beautiful house in lovely surroundings.
A perfect place to get away and relax surrounded by beautiful Wales!
Lovely holiday site, the best site we have stayed at and it is close to the village and lake Bala. The staff are very friendly and we will return
We have just returned from pen y garth lodge park where we stayed in the Manor house. This was our 2nd visit to the park and we will definitely be returning. It was perfect for us 8 girls to have a relaxing weekend in a peaceful location, The manor house is huge and the hot tub was amazing. I would definitely recommend it.
Wonderful place !!!!!
We stayed here as a couple for a weekend. We enjoyed our stay that much that we booked for a weekend before christmas.


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This scholarship is for graduates of Summers County public schools in West Virginia, who have participated in at least one athletic team sport. To qualify for this scholarship, applicants must have maintained at least a 3.0 academic average throughout the four years of high school.
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- Summers County High School
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WikiLeaks planned to release over one million new secret documents that would affect ``every country in the world'', its founder Julian Assange announced in a defiant speech from the balcony of Ecuadorian embassy here as his supporters shouted, ``We love you Julian'' and sang Christmas carols.
It was his second ``balcony'' address since he sought refuge there six months ago to avoid extradition to Sweden over allegations of sexual assault. And he made clear he had no intention of leaving the cramped mission which he described as ``my home, my office and my refuge'' until ``this immoral investigation continues''.
"Six months ago I entered this building. It has become my home, my office and my refuge. Thanks to the principled stance of the Ecuadorean government and the support of its people, I am safe in this embassy and safe to speak from this embassy," he said.
Saluting his supporters with a raised fist, Mr Assange said: ``Good evening, London. What a sight for sore eyes. People ask what gives me hope. The answer is right here.''
In a fighting 15-minute address, he said WikiLeaks would ``not be cowed''.
``Next year will be equally busy. WikiLeaks has over a million documents being prepared to be released—documents that affect every country in the world, every country in this world,'' he said.
A large police force stood guard outside the embassy while his supporters, some of whom carried candles, waved banners saying: ``Don't shoot the messenger'', and ``Free Assange''.
Referring to the impasse over his extradition, Mr Assange said that as long as long as the American government sought to prosecute him and his native country, Australia, refused to defend his journalism, he would remain in the embassy. But, he said, he was open to negotiations.
"However, the door is open, and the door has always been open, for anyone who wishes to use standard procedures to speak to me or guarantee my safe passage," he said.
Mr Assange has been given asylum by Ecuador but is prevented by the British Government from leaving the country arguing that it is under a legal obligation to extradite him to Sweden. He will be arrested the minute he steps out of the embassy. Police say he broke his bail conditions when he sought refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy without informing them.
Mr Assange claims the case against him is politically motivated and fears that Sweden would hand him over to Americans who have threatened to prosecute him for publishing confidential diplomatic cables.
He said the Pentagon had described WikiLeaks as an ``ongoing crime''.
Paying tribute to journalists faced harassment because of their work, he said: "It is from the revelation of the truth that all else follows... our civilisation is only as strong as its ideas are true."
``True democracy is not at the White House, It's not in Canberra…It's people armed with true against lies, from Tahrir Square to London.''
In a statement, the Ecuadorian ambassador Ana Alban said her government ``reaffirms the solidarity that our country gave six months ago to a person who was being persecuted for thinking and expressing themselves freely.''
"Julian has become a guest in this house that we all have learned to appreciate," she said.


text:
CEO Hank Hubbard shows how his credit union supports one of America's poorest cities.
Genisys Credit Union sponsored a seasonal highlight, a pumpkin festival as the clock ticked down toward Halloween.
Dave Serlo, longtime CEO of PSCU Financial Services and the CUSO's first employee, passed away from the complications of cancer on June 25. He was 63.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Corrective rape is a hate crime in which people are raped because of their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. The common intended consequence of the rape, as seen by the perpetrator, is to turn the person heterosexual or to enforce conformity with gender stereotypes.[1]
The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbians like Eudy Simelane (who was also murdered in the same attack) and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. Although some countries have laws protecting LGBT people, corrective rape is often overlooked.[2][3]
Corrective rape is the use of rape against people who do not conform to perceived social norms regarding human sexuality and gender roles, with goals of punishing "abnormal" behavior and reinforcing societal norms.[4] The crime was first identified in South Africa,[5] where it is sometimes supervised by members of the woman's family or local community.[1]
Corrective rape is a major contributor to HIV infection in South African lesbians.[4] Corrective rape and other accompanying acts of violence can result in physical and psychological trauma, mutilation, HIV infection, unwanted pregnancy, and may contribute to suicide.[2][4][6]
A 2000 study suggested the visibility of lesbians within a community, an atmosphere supportive of hate crimes against gay men and lesbians, isolated locations, reactions to hate crimes by the broader community, and responses by police and justice systems contribute to corrective rape.[1] Failure to conform to social norms for gendered behavior is also thought to contribute.[7]
Many believe that it should be recognized as a hate crime because of the misunderstanding of homosexuality and the animus toward gay people that motivate corrective rape.[3] In one article, Tina Machida, a Zimbabwean lesbian who lives in Harare, writes, "They locked me in a room and brought [a man] every day to rape me so I would fall pregnant and be forced to marry him. They did this to me until I was pregnant."[2]
Corrective rape is not limited to people under the traditional LGBT umbrella. Asexual activist and blogger Julie Decker has observed that corrective rape is common in the asexual community. In an interview, she recounted being sexually harassed and assaulted by a man who claimed to have her interests at heart.[8]
Corrective rape has been reported in Thailand,[9] Zimbabwe,[10][11] Ecuador,[12] Uganda[13] and South Africa.[14]
A U.S. State Department report on Zimbabwe states, "In response to social pressure, some families reportedly subjected their LGBT members to 'corrective' rape and forced marriages to encourage heterosexual conduct. Such crimes were rarely reported to police. Women, in particular, were subjected to rape by male family members."[15] Following the publication of an earlier report with similar wording,[16]
Zimbabwean journalist Angus Shaw said that lesbian women are raped by men to "make them enjoy heterosexual acts" and gay men are raped by women to "remove their sexual orientation tendencies".[17]
In South Africa, women have less sexual and economic power than men.[citation needed] One of the factors associated with this inequality is strict gender roles, which has led to one of the highest rates of violence against women in the world.[9][7] The South African government conducted a survey in 2009 on sexual assault and one in four men admit to having sex with a woman who did not consent to sexual activity, and nearly half of these men admitted to raping more than once.[19] Corrective rape is used as a "punishment" for people who are gay or do not fit traditional gender roles (usually women), where often they are verbally abused before the rape. The perpetrator may claim to be "teaching [the women] a lesson" on how to be a "real woman." Because women have less control over their economics, which creates economic vulnerability, they have less control over their own sexual activities.[9] Poor black women who live in townships are more likely to become victims of corrective violence, and gay women are more likely to be isolated with little support, which increases their chances of being targeted.[3][6]
Corrective rape is not recognized by the South African legal system as a hate crime despite the fact that the South African Constitution states that no person shall be discriminated against based on her social status and identity, including sexual orientation.[9][20] Crimes based on sexual orientation are not expressly recognized in South Africa; corrective rape reports are not separated from general rape reports.[3][6] In December 2009, there had been 31 recorded murders of lesbians in South Africa since 1998, but only one had resulted in a conviction.[9] According to Human Rights Watch, in the last twenty years, attitudes toward homosexuality have become worse in South Africa.[21]
Corrective rape is on the rise in South Africa. More than 10 lesbians are raped or gang-raped weekly, as estimated by Luleki Sizwe, a South African nonprofit.[22] It is estimated that at least 500 lesbians become victims of corrective rape every year and that 86% of black lesbians in the Western Cape live in fear of being sexually assaulted, as reported by the Triangle Project in 2008.[3] Yet, victims of corrective rape are less likely to report it because of the negative social view of homosexuality.[3] Under-reporting is high for sexually violent crimes, thus the number of corrective rapes are likely higher than what is reported.[3]
One South African man stated, "Lesbians get raped and killed because it is accepted by our community and by our culture."[14]
Sizakele Sigasa, a lesbian activist living in Soweto, and her partner Salome Masooa were raped, tortured, and murdered in July 2007 in an attack that South African lesbian-gay rights organizations, including the umbrella-group Joint Working Group, said were driven by lesbophobia.[23] Two other rape/murders of lesbians occurred in South Africa earlier in summer 2007: Simangele Nhlapo, member of an HIV-positive support group was raped and murdered in June, along with her two-year-old daughter; and Madoe Mafubedu, aged 16, was raped and stabbed to death.[24]
On 28 April 2008, 31-year-old female soccer player Eudy Simelane was abducted, gang-raped and killed in KwaThema, her hometown near Johannesburg.[7][25] Simelane was a star of the South Africa's acclaimed Banyana Banyana national female football squad, an avid equality rights campaigner and one of the first women to live openly as a lesbian in KwaThema.[25]
On 24 April 2011, LGBT activist Noxolo Nogwaza was raped and murdered in KwaThema.[26]
In 2013, two writers from South African men's magazine FHM were fired as a result of corrective rape "jokes" they made on Facebook. After a disciplinary hearing on Friday, July 19, 2013, FHM dismissed both men from their positions, calling their comments "entirely unacceptable".[27]
South Africa is a signatory of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which obligates states to remove discriminatory barriers from the full and free exercise of rights by women. The Convention's duty to modify the conduct of private citizens to ensure equality for women covers attitudes that include the inferiority of women and stereotyped gender roles, which arguably encompass the animus toward gay women that motivates many men to commit corrective rape.[3] 66% of South Africa women said they did not report their attack because they would not be taken seriously.[4] Of these, 25% said they feared exposing their sexual orientation to the police and 22% said they were afraid of being abused by the police.[4]
In August 2011 the Department of Justice established a National Task Team (NTT) to address the issue of hate crimes against LGBT people.[28] In April 2014, then Minister of Justice Jeff Radebe launched a National Intervention Strategy for the LGBTI Sector developed by the NTT to address sex-based violence and gender-based violence against members of the community. The NTT has established a rapid response team to attend to unsolved criminal cases as a matter of urgency and produced an information pamphlet with frequently asked questions about LGBTI persons. Radebe stated that the Department of Justice acknowledged the need for a specific legal framework for hate crimes and that the matter would be subjected to public debate.[29][30][31]
Five cases in which the victims were lesbians or transgender males were reported in Uganda between June and November, 2011.[13]
Amnesty International has received reports of violence against lesbians in Jamaica, including rape and other forms of sexual violence. Lesbians reportedly have been attacked on the grounds of "mannish" physical appearance or other visible "signs" of sexuality. Some reports of abduction and rape come from inner-city communities, where local non-governmental organizations have expressed concerns about high incidences of violence against women.[32]
Child sponsorship charity ActionAid has published an article discussing corrective rape, and see ending violence against women as a pivotal part of their mission.[4] The group joined with 26 gay and women's rights and community groups, to organize a campaign focused on South Africa but also aimed at the international community, to raise awareness of the issues. The campaign was dedicated to the rape and murder of two lesbian women in a Johannesburg township and called for sexual orientation to be specifically recognised as grounds for protection by police and justice systems.[4]


text:
Birmingham BullringEdit
Hi Klafubra, it seems you've not been active for like a year so I'll use your image until further notice. I'll try to use it under the license terms but please contact me (check history for details).
Sea Chicken ImageEdit
Image:Sea chicken.jpg is odd. Not sure if this can be used as part of an encyclopedia, so I have listed it on Commons:Deletion requests. Please add your comments. The commons is still slowly developing its rules, so i myself are not sure if it should be kept or not. Also, could you add copyright tags, source, photographer/creator, etc. to the images you uploaded? For now I have tagged your image as "Unknown". If there are no tags, the image may have to be deleted. Thanks -- Chris 73
Bristol PanoramaEdit
Your massive panorama looks great at first glance but sadly it's highly distorted vertically. As a result places like the Colston Tower, the Bristol and West Building and the Cathedral look very odd. Can you do anything about this? - Arpingstone 17:10, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
The panorama is distorted horizontally (1:2) to achieve a more web friendly aspect ratio. I could include the original if you want, this is however more then 3M large. To revert to the original simply shink vertically by 50%. In photoshop this is best done done by Image>Image Size> (deselect constrain proportions) > height 50%. The image should be large enough to produce a good quality panorama in this way. Klafubra 19:52, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Disregard the above message please, I realised it was really easy to do in Photoshop so I did it myself. The command is SELECT ALL, then EDIT TRANSFORM SCALE and pull with the mouse - Arpingstone 17:39, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Image Tagging Image:MillauViaduct8.jpgEdit
Thanks for uploading Image:MillauViaduct8.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikimedia Commons (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page. If the content is a derivative of a copyrighted work, you need to supply the names and a licence of the original authors as well.
If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag, then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use {{self|cc-by-sa-2.5}} to release it under the Creative Commons or {{PD-self}} to release it into the public domain. See Commons:Copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.
Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find all your uploads using the Gallery tool. Thank you. -- Bryan (talk to me) 14:46, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
Image deletion warning | Image:SwissPineForest.jpg has been listed at Commons:Deletion requests so that the community can discuss whether it should be kept or not. We would appreciate it if you could go to voice your opinion about this at its entry. If you created this image, please note that the fact that it has been proposed for deletion does not necessarily mean that we do not value your kind contribution. It simply means that one person believes that there is some specific problem with it, such as a copyright issue. If the file is up for deletion because it has been superseded by a superior derivative of your work, consider the notion that although the file may be deleted, your hard work (which we all greatly appreciate) lives on in the new file. |
Siebrand 07:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
Proposed crop of Image:Panorama of Bristol.jpgEdit
I think this image would be improved by cropping, see my comments on wikipedia Hertzsprung (talk) 14:21, 14 February 2009 (UTC)


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Oscar nomination gives me butterflies in the stomach: Jennifer Lawrence
Published on Jan 11, 2013 11:55 AM
An Oscar nomination is like "getting a promotion at work", says actress Jennifer Lawrence.
But the prospect of getting one gives her butterflies in the stomach, says the acclaimed young actress, because of the social obligations that come with it.
"I get anxiety over parties. And that's what that means, essentially, to me. Being surrounded by lots of people... it makes me anxious just to think about it," she explains.
Speaking to reporters in Los Angeles one day before she earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her new movie, Silver Linings Playbook, the 22-year-old star seems acutely aware of how young she is to be experiencing such success in the business.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Erik H. Erikson | |
Erik Erikson | |
Born | Erik Homburger Erikson 15 June 1902 Frankfurt am Main, Germany[1] |
Died | 12 May 1994 Harwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts[1] | (aged 91)
Citizenship | American, German |
Nationality | German |
Fields | Developmental psychologist |
Institutions | Yale University of California, Berkeley University of Pittsburgh Harvard Medical School |
Notable students | Richard Sennett |
Known for | Theory on social development |
Influences | Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud |
Spouse | Joan Serson Erikson (1930–1994; his death; 3 children) |
Erik H. Erikson | |
Erik Erikson | |
Born | Erik Homburger Erikson 15 June 1902 Frankfurt am Main, Germany[1] |
Died | 12 May 1994 Harwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts[1] | (aged 91)
Citizenship | American, German |
Nationality | German |
Fields | Developmental psychologist |
Institutions | Yale University of California, Berkeley University of Pittsburgh Harvard Medical School |
Notable students | Richard Sennett |
Known for | Theory on social development |
Influences | Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud |
Spouse | Joan Serson Erikson (1930–1994; his death; 3 children) |
Erik Homburger Erikson (15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted American sociologist.
Although Erikson lacked even a bachelor's degree, he served as a professor at prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale.
Erikson's mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. She was married to Jewish stockbroker Valdemar Isidor Salomonsen, but had been estranged from him for several months at the time Erik was conceived. Little is known about Erik's biological father except that he was a Danish gentile. On discovering her pregnancy, Karla fled to Frankfurt, Germany, where Erik was born on June 15, 1902 and was given the surname Salomonsen.[2]
Following Erik's birth, Karla trained to be a nurse and moved to Karlsruhe. In 1905 she married Erik's Jewish pediatrician, Theodor Homburger. In 1908, Erik Salomonsen's name was changed to Erik Homberger, and in 1911 Erik was officially adopted by his stepfather.[3]
The development of identity seems to have been one of Erikson's greatest concerns in his own life as well as in his theory. During his childhood and early adulthood he was known as Erik Homberger, and his parents kept the details of his birth a secret. He was a tall, blond, blue-eyed boy who was raised in the Jewish religion. At temple school, the kids teased him for being a Nordic; at grammar school, they teased him for being Jewish.[4]
At Das Humanistisch Gymnasium his main interests were art, history and languages, but he lacked interest in school and graduated without academic distinction.[5] After graduation, instead of attending medical school, as his stepfather had desired, he attended art school in Munich, but soon dropped out.
Uncertain about his vocation and his fit in society, Erikson began a lengthy period of roaming about Germany and Italy as a wandering artist with his childhood friend Peter Blos and others. During this period he continued to contend with questions about his father and competing ideas of ethnic, religious, and national identity.[4]
When Erikson was twenty-five, his friend Peter Blos invited him to Vienna to tutor art at the small Burlingham-Rosenfeld School for children whose affluent parents were undergoing psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud's daughter, Anna Freud.[4]
Anna noticed Erikson's sensitivity to children at the school and encouraged him to study psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute, where prominent analysts August Aichhorn, Heinz Hartmann and Paul Federn were among those who supervised his theoretical studies. He specialized in child analysis and underwent a training analysis with Anna Freud. Helene Deutsch and Edward Bibring supervised his initial treatment of an adult.[4]
Simultaneously he studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages.[6]
In 1933 he received his diploma from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. This and his Montessori diploma were to be Erikson's only earned academic credentials for his life's work.
In 1930 Erikson married Joan Mowat Serson, a Canadian dancer and artist whom Erikson had met at a dress ball.[5][7] During their marriage Erikson converted to Christianity.[8][9][10]
In 1933, with Hitler's rise to power in Germany, the burning of Freud's books in Berlin and the potential Nazi threat to Austria, the Eriksons left an impoverished Vienna with their two young sons and emigrated to Copenhagen. Unable to regain Danish citizenship because of residence requirements, the Eriksons left for the United States, where citizenship would not be an issue.[4]
In the U.S., Erikson became the first child psychoanalyst in Boston and held positions at Massachusetts General Hospital, the Judge Baker Guidance Center, and at Harvard Medical School and Psychological Clinic, establishing a singular reputation as a clinician.
In 1936, Erikson left Harvard and joined the staff at Yale University, where he worked at the Institute of Human Relations and taught at the Medical School. While at Yale he became a naturalized citizen of the United States and changed his family's surname from his adoptive father's name of "Homburger" to "Erikson."[4]
Erikson continued to deepen his interest in areas beyond psychoanalysis and to explore connections between psychology and anthropology. He made important contacts with anthropologists such as Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson and Ruth Benedict, and these contacts, in turn, led to an excursion in 1938, which was to prove significant in the development of his thinking; he was invited to observe the education of native Sioux children on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota.[4]
In 1939 he left Yale, and the Eriksons moved to California, where Erik had been invited to join a team engaged in a longitudinal study of child development for the University of California at Berkeley's Institute of Child Welfare. In addition, in San Francisco he opened a private practice in child psychoanalysis.
While in California he was able to make his second study of Native American children when he joined anthropologist Alfred Kroeber on a field trip to Northern California to study the Yurok.[5]
In 1950, after publishing the book, Childhood and Society, for which he is best known, Erikson left the University of California when California's Levering Act required professors there to sign loyalty oaths.[11] From 1951 to 1960 he worked and taught at the Austen Riggs Center, a prominent psychiatric treatment facility in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, where he worked with emotionally troubled young people. During this time he also served as a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh where he worked with Benjamin Spock and Fred Rogers at Arsenal Nursery School of the Western Psychiatric Institute.[12]
He returned to Harvard in the 1960s as a professor of human development and remained there until his retirement in 1970. In 1973 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected Erikson for the Jefferson Lecture, the United States' highest honor for achievement in the humanities. Erikson's lecture was titled "Dimensions of a New Identity".[13][14][15]
Erikson is also credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child lived was crucial to providing growth, adjustment, a source of self-awareness and identity. Erikson won a Pulitzer Prize[16] and a U.S. National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion[17] for Gandhi's Truth (1969), which focused more on his theory as applied to later phases in the life cycle.
Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes known as "virtues", a term used in the context of Erikson's work as it is applied to medicine, meaning "potencies." Erikson's research suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life-stage challenge in tension with one another, not rejecting one end of the tension or the other. Only when both extremes in a life-stage challenge are understood and accepted as both required and useful, can the optimal virtue for that stage surface. Thus, 'trust' and 'mis-trust' must both be understood and accepted, in order for realistic 'hope' to emerge as a viable solution at the first stage. Similarly, 'integrity' and 'despair' must both be understood and embraced, in order for actionable 'wisdom' to emerge as a viable solution at the last stage.
The Erikson life-stage virtue, in order of the eight stages in which they may be acquired, are:
On ego identity versus role confusion, ego identity enables each person to have a sense of individuality, or as Erikson would say, "Ego identity, then, in its subjective aspect, is the awareness of the fact that there is a self-sameness and continuity to the ego's synthesizing methods and a continuity of one's meaning for others" (1963). Role confusion, however, is, according to Barbara Engler in her book Personality Theories (2006), "the inability to conceive of oneself as a productive member of one's own society" (158). This inability to conceive of oneself as a productive member is a great danger; it can occur during adolescence, when looking for an occupation.


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Ellen DeGeneres Won't 'Hurt Anybody' at the Oscars
The Oscars host tells ABC's Robin Roberts she's taking her gig seriously and won't tell mean jokes.