text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Advancement of Electrochromic Windows
E-Print Network (OSTI)
advanced spectrally selective low-e double-pane windows and the same type of daylighting control system
B Lifetime
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
B Lifetime Equation Back to Finding B Lifetime Project Contact: Thomas Jordan - firstname.lastname@example.com Web Maintainer: email@example.com Last Update: June, 2001 http:...
Lifetime Lifetime Lifetime is similar to half-life, which you may have studied in radioactivity. More details on lifetime. Lifetime is the average time between creation and decay of a particle, which cannot be predicted for an individual particle, so we use the average time. The lifetime is the time when e-1 (or 37%) of them have survived. Derivation of equation To simplify calculations, we will use only the information in a plane perpendicular (transverse) to the beams, that is, in the x-y plane. The lifetime of B mesons is t = d/v (since velocity = distance/time) The velocity can be determined from the momentum. However, we cannot use the usual equation p = mv These particles are moving at velocities close to the speed of light, c. Here the correct formula is (Do you find the usual formula for p if v is much smaller than c?)
Particle Lifetimes
Reviewing Particle Lifetimes Reviewing Particle Lifetimes The lifetimes of elementary particles are statistical in nature. In a given sample, one particle might decay immediately, another in 1 nanosecond, yet another after 10 milliseconds, and still another in 50 years. What we call the lifetime is the time it takes for a sample to decay so 1/e (~30%) of the sample is left; after 2 lifetimes, 1/e2 of the sample is left, and so on. Take, for example, a sample of cosmic ray muons produced in the upper atmosphere. These muons, when observed at (relative) rest in the laboratory, have a mean lifetime T. Now, since particle decay is statistical in nature, the number of undecayed particles after a given time is a negative exponential function: N(t) = No e-t/T where N(t) is the number of muons at time t, No is the initial number of
Air Flow Distribution in a Mechanically-Ventilated High-Rise Residential Building* Richard C. Diamond and Helmut E. Feustel
Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Washington DC, 1992. SHAPIRO-BARUCH, IAN, "Evaluation. The individual apartments have electric-resistance heaters in each room, and double-pane windows and sliding retrofits. New double-pane, low-e windows replaced the old windows throughout the building. A computerized
Diamond, Richard
Search Extra Project Find B lifetime. Found info: Source 5 Project Contact: Thomas Jordan - firstname.lastname@example.com Web Maintainer: firstname.lastname@example.com Last Update: January 10,...
Laboratories for the 21st Century: Case Studies, Molecular Foundry...
* Double-pane windows; low-e and spectrally selective window coatings * T-5 lamps in lighting systems with bilevel switching and occupancy-based controls * Energy-efficient...
Field Evaluation of Low-E Storm Windows
EVALUATION OF LOW-E STORM WINDOWS By S. Craig Drumheller-performance of low emittance (low-e) storm windows with bothstandard clear storm windows and no storm windows was
Drumheller, S. Craig
uncertainty relation Et h4 and their measured energy spread E. STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Lifetime of moving particles is related to track length in a bubble...
Ralph Holman Lifetime Achievement Award
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Significant lifetime and meritorious achievements in areas of interest to the Health and Nutrition Division of AOCS are recognized with the Ralph Holman Lifetime Achievement Award. Ralph Holman Lifetime Achievement Award Divisions achievement agri
Field Evaluation of Low-E Storm Windows Field Evaluation of Low-E Storm Windows Title Field Evaluation of Low-E Storm Windows Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-1940E Year of Publication 2007 Authors S. Craig Drumheller, Christian Kohler, and Stefanie Minen Conference Name Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings X International Conference Volume 277 Date Published 12/2007 Conference Location Clearwater Beach, FL Abstract A field evaluation comparing the performance of low emittance (low-e) storm windows with both standard clear storm windows and no storm windows was performed in a cold climate. Six homes with single pane windows were monitored over the period of one heating season. The homes were monitored with no storm windows and with new storm windows. The storm windows installed on four of the six homes included a hard coat, pyrolitic, low-e coating while the storm windows for the other two homes had traditional clear glass. Overall heating load reduction due to the storm windows was 13% with the clear glass and 21% with the low-e windows. Simple paybacks for the addition of the storm windows were 10 years for the clear glass and 4.5 years for the low-e storm windows.
SciTech Connect
A field evaluation comparing the performance of low emittance (low-e) storm windows with both standard clear storm windows and no storm windows was performed in a cold climate. Six homes with single-pane windows were monitored over the period of one heating season. The homes were monitored with no storm windows and with new storm windows. The storm windows installed on four of the six homes included a hard coat, pyrolitic, low-e coating while the storm windows for the other two homeshad traditional clear glass. Overall heating load reduction due to the storm windows was 13percent with the clear glass and 21percent with the low-e windows. Simple paybacks for the addition of the storm windows were 10 years for the clear glass and 4.5 years forthe low-e storm windows.
Drumheller, S. Craig; Kohler, Christian; Minen, Stefanie
B Lifetimes and Mixing
The Tevatron experiments, CDF and D0, have produced a wealth of new B-physics results since the start of Run II in 2001. We've observed new B-hadrons, seen new effects, and increased many-fold the precision with which we know the properties of b-quark systems. In these proceedings, we will discuss two of the most fruitful areas in the Tevatron B-physics program: lifetimes and mixing. We'll examine the experimental issues driving these analyses, present a summary of the latest results, and discuss prospects for the future.
Evans, Harold G.; /Indiana U.
Desjarlais received Lifetime Achievement Award
Andr Desjarlais received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Polyisocyanurate Insulation Manufacturers Association (PIMA) during the group's 25th Anniversary celebration...
Runtime verification of object lifetime specifications
This thesis reports on the implementation of a runtime verification system for object lifetime specifications. This system is used to explore and evaluate the expressiveness object lifetime specifications. Object lifetime ...
Benjamin, Zev (Zev A.)
Microsoft Word - LBNL Low E Storm-Drumheller.doc
1940E 1940E Field Evaluation of Low-E Storm Windows S.C. Drumheller NAHB Research Center C. Kohler Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory S. Minen Utilivate Technologies 2007 Presented at the Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings X International Conference, Clearwater Beach, FL December 2-7, 2007 and published in the Proceedings DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information,
Quantum Dot Fluorescence Lifetime Engineering with DNA ...
Quantum Dot Fluorescence Lifetime Engineering with DNA Origami ... such as metal nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots � is challenging ...
Storm Windows (Even with a Low-E Coating!) | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Storm Windows (Even with a Low-E Coating!) Storm Windows (Even with a Low-E Coating!) Storm Windows (Even with a Low-E Coating!) November 11, 2008 - 3:45pm Addthis John Lippert Earlier I wrote about purchasing energy-efficient windows. Jen followed up with an excellent blog on improving your existing windows, which mentioned low-e films. One fairly well-kept secret-low-emissivity (low-e) storm windows-lies somewhere between these two options. They aren't the simple, low-cost, do-it-yourself option that Jen spoke of. But they are a less expensive option than the replacement windows I wrote about. I'm an avid reader and subscriber to the Environmental Building News newsletter. Alex Wilson, the newsletter founder and Executive Editor, wrote an article entitled "Should I replace my windows?" in the Brattleboro
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
4 4 PEVELOPMENT OF FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME DIAGNOSTIC w I Project Accomplishments Summary (Attachment I) CRADA NO. TSB-1449-97 Date: U 1 8 1 9 8 Revision: 1 A . Parties The project is a relationship between the Lawrence Livennore National Laboratoq (LLNL) and Optiphase, Inc. University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue, L-399 Livermore, CA 94550 Optiphase, h c 7652 Haskell Ave. Van Nuys, CA 91406 Technical Contact - D r . Pepe Davis (8 18)782-0997ext 1 12 B . Background Fiber-optic-based sensors are excellent candidates for detecting the presence and monitoring the levels of degradation products in stockpiled weapons. Specifically, fl uorescence-based sensors are extremely sensitive, can have high specificity for compounds of interest, and are "e~ectrically
Low-e Storm Windows: Market Assessment and Pathways to Market Transformation
Field studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have shown that the use of low-e storm windows can lead to significant heating and cooling energy savings in residential homes. This study examines the market for low-e storm windows based on market data, case studies, and recent experience with weatherization deployment programs. It uses information from interviews conducted with DOE researchers and industry partners involved in case studies and early deployment efforts related to low-e storm windows. In addition, this study examines potential barriers to market acceptance, assesses the market and energy savings potential, and identifies opportunities to transform the market for low-e storm windows and overcome market adoption barriers.
Cort, Katherine A.
Measurement of the $?$-lepton lifetime at Belle
The lifetime of the $\\tau$-lepton is measured using the process $e^+e^-\\rightarrow\\tau^+\\tau^-$, where both $\\tau$-leptons decay to $3\\pi\
Belle Collaboration; K. Belous; M. Shapkin; A. Sokolov; I. Adachi; H. Aihara; D. M. Asner; V. Aulchenko; A. M. Bakich; A. Bala; B. Bhuyan; A. Bobrov; A. Bondar; G. Bonvicini; A. Bozek; M. Bra?ko; T. E. Browder; D. ?ervenkov; V. Chekelian; A. Chen; B. G. Cheon; K. Chilikin; R. Chistov; K. Cho; V. Chobanova; Y. Choi; D. Cinabro; J. Dalseno; Z. Dole�al; D. Dutta; S. Eidelman; D. Epifanov; H. Farhat; J. E. Fast; T. Ferber; V. Gaur; S. Ganguly; A. Garmash; R. Gillard; Y. M. Goh; B. Golob; J. Haba; T. Hara; K. Hayasaka; H. Hayashii; Y. Hoshi; W. -S. Hou; T. Iijima; K. Inami; A. Ishikawa; R. Itoh; T. Iwashita; I. Jaegle; T. Julius; E. Kato; H. Kichimi; C. Kiesling; D. Y. Kim; H. J. Kim; J. B. Kim; M. J. Kim; Y. J. Kim; K. Kinoshita; B. R. Ko; P. Kody�; S. Korpar; P. Kri�an; P. Krokovny; T. Kuhr; A. Kuzmin; Y. -J. Kwon; J. S. Lange; S. -H. Lee; J. Libby; D. Liventsev; P. Lukin; D. Matvienko; H. Miyata; R. Mizuk; G. B. Mohanty; T. Mori; R. Mussa; Y. Nagasaka; E. Nakano; M. Nakao; M. Nayak; E. Nedelkovska; C. Ng; N. K. Nisar; S. Nishida; O. Nitoh; S. Ogawa; S. Okuno; S. L. Olsen; W. Ostrowicz; G. Pakhlova; C. W. Park; H. Park; H. K. Park; T. K. Pedlar; R. Pestotnik; M. Petri?; L. E. Piilonen; M. Ritter; M. R�hrken; A. Rostomyan; S. Ryu; H. Sahoo; T. Saito; Y. Sakai; S. Sandilya; D. Santel; L. Santelj; T. Sanuki; V. Savinov; O. Schneider; G. Schnell; C. Schwanda; D. Semmler; K. Senyo; O. Seon; V. Shebalin; C. P. Shen; T. -A. Shibata; J. -G. Shiu; B. Shwartz; A. Sibidanov; F. Simon; Y. -S. Sohn; S. Stani?; M. Stari?; M. Steder; T. Sumiyoshi; U. Tamponi; G. Tatishvili; Y. Teramoto; K. Trabelsi; T. Tsuboyama; M. Uchida; S. Uehara; T. Uglov; Y. Unno; S. Uno; Y. Usov; S. E. Vahsen; C. Van Hulse; P. Vanhoefer; G. Varner; K. E. Varvell; A. Vinokurova; V. Vorobyev; M. N. Wagner; C. H. Wang; P. Wang; M. Watanabe; Y. Watanabe; K. M. Williams; E. Won; J. Yamaoka; Y. Yamashita; S. Yashchenko; Y. Yook; C. Z. Yuan; Z. P. Zhang; V. Zhilich; A. Zupanc
Buildings Energy Data Book: 9.4 High Performance Buildings
Buildings Energy Data Book (EERE)
5 5 Case Study, The Thermal Test Facility, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado (Office/Laboratory) Building Design Floor Area: 10,000 SF Floors(1): 2 Aspect Ratio: 1.75 Offices Laboratories Conference Room Mechanical Level Shell Windows Material U-factor SHGC(2) Viewing Windows: Double Pane, Grey Tint, Low-e 0.42 0.44 Clerestory Windows: Double Pane, Clear, Low-e 0.45 0.65 Window Area(SF) North 38 South(3) 1,134 East 56 West 56 Wall/Roof Material Effective R-Value North Wall Concrete Slab/Rigid Polystyrene 5.0 South/East/West Steel Studs/Batt Insulation/Concrete 23.0 Roof: Built-up/Polyisocianurate Covering/Steel Supports 23.0 HVAC VAV air handling unit Hot water supply paralell VAV boxes Direct and Indirect evaporative cooling system Single zone roof top unit(4) Hot Water Coil(4)
Three-dimensional fluorescence lifetime tomography
Near-infrared fluorescence tomography using molecularly targeted lifetime-sensitive, fluorescent contrast agents have applications for early-stage cancer diagnostics. Yet, although the measurement of fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is extensively used in microscopy and spectroscopy applications, demonstration of fluorescence lifetime tomography for medical imaging is limited to two-dimensional studies. Herein, the feasibility of three-dimensional fluorescence-lifetime tomography on clinically relevant phantom volumes is established, using (i) a gain-modulated intensified charge coupled device (CCD) and modulated laser diode imaging system, (ii) two fluorescent contrast agents, e.g., Indocyanine green and 3-3'-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide differing in their fluorescence lifetime by 0.62 ns, and (iii) a two stage approximate extended Kalman filter reconstruction algorithm. Fluorescence measurements of phase and amplitude were acquired on the phantom surface under different target to background fluorescence absorption (70:1, 100:1) and fluorescence lifetime (1:1, 2.1:1) contrasts at target depths of 1.4-2 cm. The Bayesian tomography algorithm was employed to obtain three-dimensional images of lifetime and absorption owing to the fluorophores.
Godavarty, Anuradha; Sevick-Muraca, Eva M.; Eppstein, Margaret J. [327 Votey Building, Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (United States); 1011 Richardson Building, Photon Migration Laboratories, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (United States); 327 Votey Building, Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (United States)
Using National Survey Data to Estimate Lifetimes of Residential...
National Survey Data to Estimate Lifetimes of Residential Appliances Title Using National Survey Data to Estimate Lifetimes of Residential Appliances Publication Type Journal...
Reduction of Statistical Power Per Event Due to Upper Lifetime Cuts in Lifetime Measurements
A cut on the maximum lifetime in a lifetime fit not only reduces the number of events, but also, in some circumstances dramatically, decreases the statistical significance of each event. The upper impact parameter cut in the hadronic B trigger at CDF, which is due to technical limitations, has the same effect. In this note we describe and quantify the consequences of such a cut on lifetime measurements. We find that even moderate upper lifetime cuts, leaving event numbers nearly unchanged, can dramatically increase the statistical uncertainty of the fit result.
Jonas Rademacker
storm and double-pane windows, insulating shutters, caulking and weatherstripping, and active- and passive- solar
Cairns, E.J.
3 3 Case Study, The Visitor Center at Zion National Park, Utah (Service/Retail/Office) Building Design Vistors Center (1): 8,800 SF Comfort Station (2): 2,756 SF Fee Station: 170 SF Shell Windows Type U-Factor SHGC (3) South/East Glass Double Pane Insulating Glass, Low-e, Aluminum Frames, Thermally Broken 0.44 0.44 North/West Glass Double Pane Insulating Glass, Heat Mirror, Aluminum Frames, Thermally Broken 0.37 0.37 Window/Wall Ratio: 28% Wall/Roof Materials Effective R-Value Trombe Walls: Low-iron Patterned Trombe Wall, CMU (4) 2.3 Vistor Center Walls: Wood Siding, Rigid Insulation Board, Gypsum 16.5 Comfort Station Walls: Wood Siding, Rigid Insulation Board, CMU (4) 6.6 Roof: Wood Shingles; Sheathing; Insulated Roof Panels 30.9 HVAC Heating Cooling Trombe Walls Operable Windows Electric Radiant Ceiling Panels
Martzloff Cited for Lifetime Achievement by IEEE Standards ...
Martzloff Cited for Lifetime Achievement by IEEE Standards Association. From NIST Tech Beat: December 12, 2012. ...
Mixing and Lifetimes of b-hadrons
We review the status of mixing and lifetimes of b-hadrons. We will show that {delta}{gamma}/{delta}M, a{sub sl} and {phi} are better suited to search for new physics effects than {delta}M alone, because of our poor knowledge of the decay constants. The theoretical precision in the determination of {gamma}{sub 12}/M{sub 12}--which contains all information on {delta}{gamma}/{delta}M, a{sub sl} and {phi}--can be tested directly by investigating the lifetimes of b-hadrons, because both quantities rely on the same theoretical footing. In particular we will also present a numerical estimate for the lifetime of the {xi}{sub b}-baryon.
Lenz, Alexander J. [Fakultaet fuer Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
Prompt Neutron Lifetime for the NBSR Reactor
In preparation for the proposed conversion of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) research reactor (NBSR) from high-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel, certain point kinetics parameters must be calculated. We report here values of the prompt neutron lifetime that have been calculated using three independent methods. All three sets of calculations demonstrate that the prompt neutron lifetime is shorter for the LEU fuel when compared to the HEU fuel and longer for the equilibrium end-of-cycle (EOC) condition when compared to the equilibrium startup (SU) condition for both the HEU and LEU fuels.
Hanson, A.L.; Diamond, D.
Materials Education: Opportunities over a Lifetime
A report, in the form of abbreviated notes, of the 17th Biennial Conference on National Materials Policy ''Materials Education: Opportunities over a Lifetime'' held May 20-21, 2002 in College Park, MD, sponsored by the Federation of Materials Societies and the University Materials Council.
Anderson, Iver E.; Schwartz, Lyle H.; Faber, Katherine T.; Cargill III, G. Slade; Houston, Betsy
Mass and Lifetime Measurements in Storage Rings
Masses of nuclides covering a large area of the chart of nuclides can be measured in storage rings where many ions circulate at the same time. In this paper the recent progress in the analysis of Schottky mass spectrometry data is presented as well as the technical improvements leading to higher accuracy for isochronous mass measurements with a time-of-flight detector. The high sensitivity of the Schottky method down to single ions allows to measure lifetimes of nuclides by observing mother and daughter nucleus simultaneously. In this way we investigated the decay of bare and H-like 140Pr. As we could show the lifetime can be even shortened compared to those of atomic nuclei despite of a lower number of electrons available for internal conversion or electron capture.All these techniques will be implemented with further improvements at the storage rings of the new FAIR facility at GSI in the future.
Weick, H.; Beckert, K.; Beller, P.; Bosch, F.; Dimopoulou, C.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kurcewicz, J.; Mazzocco, M.; Nociforo, C.; Nolden, F.; Steck, M.; Sun, B.; Winkler, M. [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, 64291 Darmstadt (Germany); Brandau, C.; Chen, L.; Geissel, H.; Knoebel, R.; Litvinov, S. A.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Scheidenberger, C. [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, 64291 Darmstadt (Germany); II. Phys. Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen (Germany)] (and others)
ICALEPCS Lifetime Achievement Award to Martin Kraimer
Cockroaches Advance Student's Study of Ancient Life Cockroaches Advance Student's Study of Ancient Life Bringing Fruit Flies in from the Cold DOE Environmental Sustainability Award to Three from APS 2009 Chemistry Nobel to APS Users The First Experiment at the LCLS APS News Archives: 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 2000 Subscribe to APS News rss feed ICALEPCS Lifetime Achievement Award to Martin Kraimer OCTOBER 28, 2009 Bookmark and Share Left to right: Ryotaro Tanaka (ICALEPCS2009 Chair), Jeffrey O. Hill, Martin R. Kraimer, Bob Daleisio, and In Soo Ko (ICALEPCS ISAC Chair), October 15, 2009, Kobe Japan. Martin R. Kraimer, formerly of the Controls Group in the Argonne APS Engineering Support Division, is one of three recipients of the first Lifetime Achievement Award presented by the ICALEPCS International
B mixing and lifetimes at the Tevatron
The Tevatron collider at Fermilab provides a very rich environment for the study of b-hadrons. Both the D0 and CDF experiments have collected a sample of about 1 fb{sup -1}. they report results on three topics: b-hadron lifetimes, polarization amplitudes and the decay width difference in B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{phi}, and B{sub s}{sup 0} mixing.
Gomez-Ceballos, G.; /Cantabria Inst. of Phys.; Piedra, J.; /Paris U., VI-VII
Measurement of Beam Lifetime and Applications for SPEAR3
Beam lifetime studies for the SPEAR3 storage ring are presented. The three lifetime components are separated with lifetime measurements under various combinations of beam currents and fill patterns and vertical scraper scans. Touschek lifetime is studied with rf voltage scans and with the horizontal or vertical scrapers inserted. The measurements are explained with calculations based on the calibrated lattice model. Quantum lifetime measurements are performed with reduced longitudinal and horizontal apertures, respectively, from which we deduce the radiation energy loss down to a few keV per revolution and the horizontal beam size.
Huang, Xiaobiao; Corbett, Jeff; /SLAC
Final report on reliability and lifetime prediction.
This document highlights the important results obtained from the subtask of the Goodyear CRADA devoted to better understanding reliability of tires and to developing better lifetime prediction methods. The overall objective was to establish the chemical and physical basis for the degradation of tires using standard as well as unique models and experimental techniques. Of particular interest was the potential application of our unique modulus profiling apparatus for assessing tire properties and for following tire degradation. During the course of this complex investigation, extensive relevant information was generated, including experimental results, data analyses and development of models and instruments. Detailed descriptions of the findings are included in this report.
Gillen, Kenneth Todd; Wise, Jonathan; Jones, Gary D.; Causa, Al G. [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH; Terrill, Edward R. [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH; Borowczak, Marc [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH
On maximizing lifetime of a sensor cluster
We consider the energy consumed in radio transmission of a set of sensors forming a data gathering wireless network. Our objective is to enhance the lifetime of such networks by exploiting three system-level opportunities. Firstly, the number of bits to be transmitted can be reduced by taking advantage of the redundancy induced by spatio-temporal correlation in sensor data. Secondly, channel coding allows us to reduce transmission energy at the cost of increased transmission time. Thirdly, sensor nodes can be expected to operate collaboratively, allowing optimal management of distributed energy resources. Our main contribution lies in providing a framework to merge these ideas for energy conscious networking. We pose the problem of maximizing network lifetime as an optimal scheduling problem. We first consider a special case where data rate is linearly proportional to received signal power. In this scenario, we investigate both static and dynamic scheduling strategies. The optimal static schedule turns out to have a very simple form. For the dynamic case, we obtain an integer linear program formulation to find the optimal strategy. We then propose an efficient algorithm that exploits the special nature of the problem setting to quickly find the optimal solution. Finally, we consider the general case where data rates and signal power need not be linearly related and propose an algorithm to find the optimal transmission times subject to the deadline constraint imposed by the system. 1
Samar Agnihotri; Pavan Nuggehalli; H. S. Jamadagni
Using National Survey Data to Estimate Lifetimes of Residential Appliances
Life of Residential Appliances,� in ACEEE Summer Study onWhen do energy-efficient appliances generate energy savings?points. Assuming unchanging appliance lifetimes expands and
Lutz, James D.
New Tool Quantitatively Maps Minority-Carrier Lifetime of Multicrystal...
and Integration Laboratory (PDIL) to generate quantitative minority-carrier lifetime maps of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) bricks. This feat has been accomplished by using...
Lifetime Evaluation of Elastomeric Polymers for Storage of Nuclear ...
Presentation Title, Lifetime Evaluation of Elastomeric Polymers for Storage of Nuclear Materials. Author(s), Elizabeth Hoffman, Eric Skidmore. On-Site Speaker �...
Stream data gathering in wireless sensor networks within expected lifetime
Sensor networks aim at collecting important sensor data for environment monitoring, e-health or hazardous conditions. Some applications do not need sensor networks with a long lifetime, such as monitoring an erupting volcano or monitoring hazardous conditions. ... Keywords: expected lifetime, sensor network, stream data gathering
Lei Shu; Zhangbing zhou; Antonio Aguilar; Manfred Hauswirth
Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons
Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment, the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental measurement to date.
A. P. Serebrov; V. E. Varlamov; A. G. Kharitonov; A. K. Fomin; Yu. N. Pokotilovski; P. Geltenbort; I. A. Krasnoschekova; M. S. Lasakov; R. R. Taldaev; A. V. Vassiljev; O. M. Zherebtsov
Lifetime embrittlement of reactor core materials
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Over a core lifetime, the reactor materials Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, and hafnium may become embrittled due to the absorption of corrosion- generated hydrogen and to neutron irradiation damage. Results are presented on the effects of fast fluence on the fracture toughness of wrought Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, and hafnium; Zircaloy-4 to hafnium butt welds; and hydrogen precharged beta treated and weld metal Zircaloy-4 for fluences up to a maximum of approximately 150 x 10{sup 24} n/M{sup 2} (> 1 Mev). While Zircaloy-4 did not exhibit a decrement in K{sub IC} due to irradiation, hafnium and butt welds between hafnium and Zircaloy-4 are susceptible to embrittlement with irradiation. The embrittlement can be attributed to irradiation strengthening, which promotes cleavage fracture in hafnium and hafnium-Zircaloy welds, and, in part, to the lower chemical potential of hydrogen in Zircaloy-4 compared to hafnium, which causes hydrogen, over time, to drift from the hafnium end toward the Zircaloy-4 end and to precipitate at the interface between the weld and base-metal interface. Neutron radiation apparently affects the fracture toughness of Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, and hafnium in different ways. Possible explanations for these differences are suggested. It was found that Zircaloy-4 is preferred over Zircaloy-2 in hafnium-to- Zircaloy butt-weld applications due to its absence of a radiation- induced reduction in K{sub IC} plus its lower hydrogen absorption characteristics compared with Zircaloy-2.
Kreyns, P.H..; Bourgeois, W.F.; Charpentier, P.L.; Kammenzind, B.F.; Franklin, D.G. [Bettis Atomic Power Lab., West Mifflin, PA (United States); White, C.J. [Knolls Atomic Power Lab., Schenectady, NY (United States)
Lifetime Extension of the Phenix Plant
The French fast reactor prototype Phenix was put into commercial operation in 1974. The total time of power operation of the plant is [approximately]100000 h representing 3860 equivalent fuel power days (EFPD). With the initial objective of the demonstration of fast breeder reactors achieved, since the early 1990s, the role of the reactor as an irradiation facility has been emphasized, particularly in support of the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique research and development program on long-lived radioactive waste transmutation. This new objective required an extension of the planned reactor lifetime. A major renovation program was carried out in the plant from 1994 to 2003, involving safety upgrading, component inspections and repairs, and the 10-yr statutory maintenance. The main work consisted of the addition of a backup control rod to the reactor; improvement of earthquake protection by reinforcement of buildings and components and replacement of the emergency water cooling circuit; improvement of protection against sodium fire by partitioning the secondary sodium circuit in the steam generator building, reinforcement of steam generator casing, and installation of an antiwhip system on the high-pressure steam pipes; replacement of hot parts of the 321 stainless steel secondary loops and steam generator modules, affected by delayed reheat cracking; special inspections of the reactor internal structures to demonstrate their good condition. An extensive plant requalification program was carried out following the renovation work, and the plant resumed power operation in June 2003. Six operating cycles are planned, representing a total irradiation time of 720 EFPD equivalent to [approximately]5.5 yr of operation.
Guidez, J. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France); Le Coz, P. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France); Martin, L. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France); Mariteau, P. [Electricite de France (France); Dupraz, R. [Framatome-ANP (France)
U.S. Department of Energy NEPA Categorical Exclusion Determination Form
AK AK Project Title ID-TEP-NEZ PERCE TRIBE Location: Tribal NEZ PERCE TRIBE FOA Number: DE-FOA-0000423 Proposed Action or Project Descriptio The Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho proposes to conduct building retrofits to the Nez Perce Tribal Executive Committee (NPTEC)/Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) (1970), Veteran's Memorial Building (1977-78), Pi Nee Waus Community Building (1963), Water Resources Building (1978), and Boy's and Girl's Club (newer facility). Energy efficiency measures proposed on the five buildings would include: the four older buildings would receive vinyl, double-pane, Low-E windows; increased blown-in attic insulation; and
storm and double-pane windows, insulat- ing shutters, caulking and weatherstripping, fur- nace retrofits, and active and passive solar
Authors, Various
Lifetime of solar flare particles in coronal storage regions
Most discussions of lifetime of flare particles in the solar corona have ... However, it is quite possible that the solar cosmic rays are not imbedded in I0 a K coronal.
Orientation-Dependent Entanglement Lifetime in a Squeezed Atomic Clock
We study experimentally the application of a class of entangled states, squeezed spin states, to the improvement of atomic-clock precision. In the presence of anisotropic noise, the entanglement lifetime is strongly dependent ...
Leroux, Ian Daniel
Measurement of the lifetimes of B meson mass eigenstates
In this dissertation, we present the results of the average lifetime measurements in ..., ..., and ... decays, as well as the results of a time-dependent angular analysis of ... and ... decays. The time-dependent angular ...
Anikeev, Konstantin
Long lifetime operation of an ArF-excimer laser
lifetime of a discharge-excited ArF-excimer laser is pre- sented. The three ... are CF4 generation in the laser gas, color-center forma- tion in the optics and input�...
Lifetime of the Highly Efficient H- Ion Sources
Factors limiting the operating lifetime of Compact Surface Plasma Sources (CSPS) are analyzed and possible treatments for lifetime enhancement are considered. Noiseless discharges with lower gas and cesium densities are produced in experiments with modified discharge cells. With these discharge cells it is possible to increase the emission aperture and extract the same beam with a lower discharge current and with correspondingly increased source lifetime. A design of an advanced CSPS is presented. Optimization of the discharge cells in a Penning H{sup -} ion source is a viable method for increasing the phase space of the stable region for noiseless discharge production. With this method, cesium usage would be decreased, potentially resulting in longer source lifetimes.
Bollinger, D.S.; /Fermilab; Dudnikov, V.G.; /MUONS Inc., Batavia; Faircloth, D.C.; Lawrie, S.R.; /Rutherford
We study experimentally the lifetime of a special class of entangled states in an atomic clock, squeezed spin states. In the presence of anisotropic noise, their lifetime is strongly dependent on squeezing orientation. We measure the Allan deviation spectrum of a clock operated with a phase-squeezed input state. For integration times up to 50 s the squeezed clock achieves a given precision 2.8(3) times faster than a clock operating at the standard quantum limit.
Ian D. Leroux; Monika H. Schleier-Smith; Vladan Vuleti?
Models for Battery Reliability and Lifetime: Applications in Design and Health Management (Presentation)
This presentation discusses models for battery reliability and lifetime and the Battery Ownership Model.
Smith, K.; Neubauer, J.; Wood, E.; Jun, M.; Pesaran, A.
Better Methods for Predicting Lifetimes of Seal Materials
We have been working for many years to develop better methods for predicting the lifetimes of polymer materials. Because of the recent interest in extending the lifetimes of nuclear weapons and the importance of environmental seals (o-rings, gaskets) for protecting weapon interiors against oxygen and water vapor, we have recently turned our attention to seal materials. Perhaps the most important environmental o-ring material is butyl rubber, used in various military applications. Although it is the optimum choice from a water permeability perspective, butyl can be marginal from an aging point-of-view. The purpose of the present work was to derive better methods for predicting seal lifetimes and applying these methods to an important butyl material, Parker compound B6 12-70.
Celina, M.; Gillen, K.T.; Keenan, M.R.
Beam lifetime and limitations during low-energy RHIC operation
The low-energy physics program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), motivated by a search for the QCD phase transition critical point, requires operation at low energies. At these energies, large nonlinear magnetic field errors and large beam sizes produce low beam lifetimes. A variety of beam dynamics effects such as Intrabeam Scattering (IBS), space charge and beam-beam forces also contribute. All these effects are important to understand beam lifetime limitations in RHIC at low energies. During the low-energy RHIC physics run in May-June 2010 at beam {gamma} = 6.1 and {gamma} = 4.1, gold beam lifetimes were measured for various values of space-charge tune shifts, transverse acceptance limitation by collimators, synchrotron tunes and RF voltage. This paper summarizes our observations and initial findings.
Fedotov, A.V.; Bai, M.; Blaskiewicz, M.; Fischer, W.; Kayran, D.; Montag, C.; Satogata, T.; Tepikian, S.; Wang, G.
Welcome to the Efficient Windows Collaborative
Low-E Coatings Low-E Coatings Low-E Center-of-glass values of double pane units with and without low-E coatings. When heat or light energy is absorbed by glass, it is either convected away by moving air or reradiated by the glass surface. The ability of a material to radiate energy is called its emissivity. All materials, including windows, emit (or radiate) heat in the form of long-wave, far-infrared energy depending on their temperature. This emission of radiant heat is one of the important components of heat transfer for a window. Thus reducing the window's emittance can greatly improve its insulating properties. Standard clear glass has an emittance of 0.84 over the long-wave portion of the spectrum, meaning that it emits 84% of the energy possible for an object at its temperature. It also means that 84% of the long-wave
Spectrum Fatigue Lifetime and Residual Strength for Fiberglass Laminates
This report addresses the effects of spectrum loading on lifetime and residual strength of a typical fiberglass laminate configuration used in wind turbine blade construction. Over 1100 tests have been run on laboratory specimens under a variety of load sequences. Repeated block loading at two or more load levels, either tensile-tensile, compressive-compressive, or reversing, as well as more random standard spectra have been studied. Data have been obtained for residual strength at various stages of the lifetime. Several lifetime prediction theories have been applied to the results. The repeated block loading data show lifetimes that are usually shorter than predicted by the most widely used linear damage accumulation theory, Miner's sum. Actual lifetimes are in the range of 10 to 20 percent of predicted lifetime in many cases. Linear and nonlinear residual strength models tend to fit the data better than Miner's sum, with the nonlinear providing a better fit of the two. Direct tests of residual strength at various fractions of the lifetime are consistent with the residual strength models. Load sequencing effects are found to be insignificant. The more a spectrum deviates from constant amplitude, the more sensitive predictions are to the damage law used. The nonlinear model provided improved correlation with test data for a modified standard wind turbine spectrum. When a single, relatively high load cycle was removed, all models provided similar, though somewhat non-conservative correlation with the experimental results. Predictions for the full spectrum, including tensile and compressive loads were slightly non-conservative relative to the experimental data, and accurately captured the trend with varying maximum load. The nonlinear residual strength based prediction with a power law S-N curve extrapolation provided the best fit to the data in most cases. The selection of the constant amplitude fatigue regression model becomes important at the lower stress, higher cycle loading cases. The residual strength models may provide a more accurate estimate of blade lifetime than Miner's rule for some loads spectra. They have the added advantage of providing an estimate of current blade strength throughout the service life.
Lifetime Prediction for Supercapacitor-powered Wireless Sensor Nodes
Lifetime Prediction for Supercapacitor-powered Wireless Sensor Nodes Christian Renner, J step towards reaching this goal: It explores discharging-characteristics of supercapacitors, discusses-ion polymers, supercapacitors can last for 10 years or even more. Superca- pacitors do not need a complex
Turau, Volker
Online Prediction of Battery Lifetime for Embedded and Mobile Devices
This paper presents a novel, history-based, statistical technique for online battery lifetime prediction. The approach first takes a one-time, full cycle, voltage measurement of a constant load, and uses it to transform the partial voltage curve of the current workload into a form with robust predictability. Based on the transformed history curve, we apply a statistical method to make a lifetime prediction. We investigate the performance of the implementation of our approach on a widely used mobile device (HP iPAQ) running Linux, and compare it to two similar battery prediction technologies: ACPI and Smart Battery. We employ twenty-two constant and variable workloads to verify the effcacy of our approach. Our results show that this approach is efficient, accurate, and able to adapt to different systems and batteries easily.
Ye Wen; Rich Wolski; Chandra Krintz
Hot ion buildup and lifetime in LITE. Final report
An experimental investigation of hot ion buildup and lifetime in a small scale mirror device (LITE) is described. Hot ions were produced by 27 kV neutral beam injection into laser produced LiH plasmas and H plasmas produced by a washer gun. Hot H ion (12 kV) densities of approx. = 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/ were produced with the LiH target plasmas and densities an order of magnitude lower were produced with the washer gun target plasmas. Hot ion dominant plasmas were not achieved in LITE. The experimental measurements and subsequent analysis using numerical models of the plasma buildup indicate that in small, unshielded mirror plasmas, careful control must be maintained over the transient background gas density in the vicinity of the plasma surface. The hot ion lifetime in LITE was set by the transient cold neutral background resulting from the washer gun of reflux from the target plasma striking the adjacent surfaces.
Not Available
A Measurement of the D+(s) lifetime
A high statistics measurement of the D{sub s}{sup +} lifetime from the Fermilab fixed-target FOCUS photoproduction experiment is presented. They describe the analysis of the two decay modes, D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {phi}(1020){pi}{sup +} and D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {bar K}*(892){sup 0}K{sup +}, used for the measurement. The measured lifetime is 507.4 {+-} 5.5(stat.) {+-} 5.1(syst.) is using 8961 {+-} 105 D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {phi}(1020){pi}{sup +} and 4680 {+-} 90 D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {bar K}*(892){sup 0} K{sup +} decays. This is a significant improvement over the present world average.
Link, J.M.; Yager, P.M.; /UC, Davis; Anjos, J.C.; Bediaga, I.; Castromonte, C.; Machado, A.A.; Magnin, J.; Massafferi, A.; de Miranda, J.M.; Pepe, I.M.; Polycarpo, E.; dos Reis, A.C.; /Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; Carrillo, S.; Casimiro, E.; Cuautle, E.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.; Uribe, C.; Vazquez, F.; /CINVESTAV, IPN; Agostino, L.; Cinquini, L.; Cumalat, J.P. /Colorado U. /Fermilab /Frascati /Guanajuato U. /Illinois U., Urbana /Indiana U. /Korea U. /Kyungpook Natl. U. /INFN, Milan /Milan U. /North Carolina U. /Pavia U. /INFN, Pavia /Rio de Janeiro, Pont. U. Catol. /Puerto Rico U., Mayaguez /South Carolina U. /Tennessee U. /Vanderbilt U. /Wisconsin U., Madison
Public Affairs Office: Livermore Lab Physicist Dates Lifetime of Solar
Dating the Solar System: Where Were You When the Solar System Was Being Formed? Dating the Solar System: Where Were You When the Solar System Was Being Formed? Chemistry & Materials Science Directorate, LLNL Chronology of the early Solar System from chondrule-bearing calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions Nature, April 21, 2005 Building Planets at PSI: The Origin of the Solar System Planetary Science Institute Social Media Logos Follow LLNL on YouTube Subscribe to LLNL's RSS feed Follow LLNL on Facebook Follow LLNL on Twitter Follow LLNL on Flickr Contact: Anne M. Stark Phone: (925) 422-9799 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 20, 2005 NR-05-04-02 Livermore Lab physicist dates lifetime of solar nebula at two million years LIVERMORE, Calif. - The oxygen and magnesium content of some of the oldest objects in the universe are giving clues to the lifetime of the
Lifetime of high-k gate dielectrics and analogy with strength of quasibrittle structures
The two-parameter Weibull distribution has been widely adopted to model the lifetime statistics of dielectric breakdown under constant voltage, but recent lifetime testing for high-k gate dielectrics has revealed a systematic ...
Le, Jia-Liang
Pressurized Water Reactor AgInCd Control Rod Lifetime
Swelling of the lower end tip of AgInCd (AIC) absorber rods is one of the lifetime limiting phenomena for PWR control rods. Understanding the relationship between swelling and accumulated fluence is crucial to predicting the service life of these components. This report presents the initial results and analyses from a control rod absorber research program led by the EPRI Fuel Reliability Program, in close collaboration with Westinghouse Electric Company and AREVA NP. The goals of the program are to chara...
Lifetime statistics of quantum chaos studied by a multiscale analysis
In a series of pump and probe experiments, we study the lifetime statistics of a quantum chaotic resonator when the number of open channels is greater than one. Our design embeds a stadium billiard into a two dimensional photonic crystal realized on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. We calculate resonances through a multiscale procedure that combines energy landscape analysis and wavelet transforms. Experimental data is found to follow the universal predictions arising from random matrix theory with an excellent level of agreement.
Di Falco, A.; Krauss, T. F. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS (United Kingdom); Fratalocchi, A. [PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
Database of Low-E Storm Window Energy Performance across U.S. Climate Zones (Task ET-WIN-PNNL-FY13-01_5.3)
This report describes process, assumptions, and modeling results produced in support of the Emerging Technologies Low-e Storm Windows Task 5.3: Create a Database of U.S. Climate-Based Analysis for Low-E Storm Windows. The scope of the overall effort is to develop a database of energy savings and cost effectiveness of low-E storm windows in residential homes across a broad range of U.S. climates using the National Energy Audit Tool (NEAT) and RESFEN model calculations. This report includes a summary of the results, NEAT and RESFEN background, methodology, and input assumptions, and an appendix with detailed results and assumptions by cliamte zone. Both sets of calculation results will be made publicly available through the Building America Solution Center.
Cort, Katherine A.; Culp, Thomas D.
Using Remaining Battery lifetime information and Relaying to decrease Outage Probability of a Mobile
Using Remaining Battery lifetime information and Relaying to decrease Outage Probability is to demonstrate that by employing relaying and using the remaining battery lifetime information of Mobile is determined based on the remaining battery lifetime of the MT. We assume a linear relationship between
Singh, Suresh
Constrained multiple deployment problem in wireless sensor networks with guaranteed lifetimes
We aimed to deploy wireless sensor networks with guaranteed lifetimes for outdoor monitoring projects. The provision of a guaranteed lifetime has rarely been studied in previous deployment problems. The use of battery packs as the power source for sensors ... Keywords: Deployment problem, Guaranteed lifetime, Sensor network
Chun-Han Lin; Chung-Ta King; Ting-Yi Chen
From link dynamics to path lifetime and packet-length optimization in MANETs
We present an analytical framework and statistical models to accurately characterize the lifetime of a wireless link and multi-hop paths in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). We show that the lifetimes of links and paths can be computed through a two-state ... Keywords: Analytical mobility modeling, Link dynamics, Markov model, Optimal information segmentation, Path lifetime
Xianren Wu; Hamid R. Sadjadpour; J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
Recombination Lifetimes Using the RCPCD Technique: Comparison with Other Methods
The theory and operation of the resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) technique is described. Examples are presented of data measured on a wide variety of sample types. The RCPCD technique has been applied to a variety of wafer and thin-film materials. Using this technique, we can measure recombination lifetime over at least three decades of injection level. We can also measure relative values of minority-carrier mobility and diffusion length. By scanning the excitation wavelength, we can measure spectral response and photoconductive excitation spectra. Deep-level impurities have been detected by several variations of RCPCD.
Ahrenkiel, R.K.; Johnston, S.W.; Dashdorj, J.
Electron Beam Polarization Measurement Using Touschek Lifetime Technique
Electron beam loss due to intra-beam scattering, the Touschek effect, in a storage ring depends on the electron beam polarization. The polarization of an electron beam can be determined from the difference in the Touschek lifetime compared with an unpolarized beam. In this paper, we report on a systematic experimental procedure recently developed at Duke FEL laboratory to study the radiative polarization of a stored electron beam. Using this technique, we have successfully observed the radiative polarization build-up of an electron beam in the Duke storage ring, and determined the equilibrium degree of polarization and the time constant of the polarization build-up process.
Sun, Changchun; /Duke U., DFELL; Li, Jingyi; /Duke U., DFELL; Mikhailov, Stepan; /Duke U., DFELL; Popov, Victor; /Duke U., DFELL; Wu, Wenzhong; /Duke U., DFELL; Wu, Ying; /Duke U., DFELL; Chao, Alex; /SLAC; Xu, Hong-liang; /Hefei, NSRL; Zhang, Jian-feng; /Hefei, NSRL
Determination of the b_s lifetime using hadronic decays
The authors present a measurement of the B{sub s}{sup 0} meson lifetime using fully and partially reconstructed hadronic decays B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} D{sub s}{sup -} {pi}{sup +}(X) followed by D{sub s}{sup -} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup -}. The data sample was recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 fb{sup -1} from p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV.
Deisher, A.J.; /LBL, Berkeley
Lifetime measurements in the transitional nucleus {sup 138}Gd
Lifetime measurements have been made in the ground-state band of the transitional nucleus {sup 138}Gd from coincidence recoil-distance Doppler-shift data. {sup 138}Gd nuclei were produced using the {sup 106}Cd ({sup 36}Ar, 2p2n) reaction with a beam energy of 190 MeV. Reduced transition probabilities have been extracted from the lifetime data collected with the Koeln plunger placed at the target position of the JUROGAM-II array. The B(E2) values have been compared with predictions from X(5) critical-point calculations, which describe the phase transition between vibrational and axially symmetric nuclear shapes, as well as with IBM-1 calculations at the critical point. While the excitation energies in {sup 138}Gd are consistent with X(5) predictions, the large uncertainties associated with the measured B(E2) values cannot preclude vibrational and rotational contributions to the low-lying structure of {sup 138}Gd. Although experimental knowledge for the low-lying {gamma} and {beta}-vibrational bands in {sup 138}Gd is limited, potential-energy surface calculations suggest an increase in {gamma} softness in the ground-state band. In order to more fully account for the effects of {gamma} softness, the X(5) and IBM-1 calculations need to be extended to include the {gamma} degree of freedom for {sup 138}Gd.
Procter, M. G.; Cullen, D. M.; Taylor, M. J. [Schuster Laboratory, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Ruotsalainen, P.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hauschild, K.; Jakobsson, U.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Leino, M.; Nieminen, P.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Rinta-Antilla, S.; Sandzelius, M.; Saren, J. [Department of Physics, University of Jyvaeskylae, FIN-40014 Jyvaeskylae (Finland)
Extending the lifetime of fuel cell based hybrid systems
Fuel cells are clean power sources that have much higher energy densities and lifetimes compared to batteries. However, fuel cells have limited load following capabilities and cannot be efficiently utilized if used in isolation. In this work, we consider a hybrid system where a fuel cell based hybrid power source is used to provide power to a DVFS processor. The hybrid power source consists of a room temperature fuel cell operating as the primary power source and a Li-ion battery (that has good load following capability) operating as the secondary source. Our goal is to develop polices to extend the lifetime of the fuel cell based hybrid system. First, we develop a charge based optimization framework which minimizes the charge loss of the hybrid system (and not the energy consumption of the DVFS processor). Next, we propose a new algorithm to minimize the charge loss by judiciously scaling the load current. We compare the performance of this algorithm with one that has been optimized for energy, and demonstrate its superiority. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the hybrid system under different system configurations and show how to determine the best combination of fuel cell size and battery capacity for a given embedded application.
Jianli Zhuo; Chaitali Chakrabarti; Naehyuck Chang; Sarma Vrudhula
Enhancement of the steady state minority carrier lifetime in HgCdTe photodiode using ECR plasma hydrogenation
Keywords: HgCdTe, diffusion length, field effect transistor, hydrogenation, lifetime, mobility, photodiode
Han Jung; Hee Chul Lee; Choong-Ki Kim
Window shopping
The author addresses the energy efficiency of windows and describes changes and new products available in this consumer information article. Experiments currently being done by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Bonneville Power Authority and the Washington State Energy Office show that some of these superwindows collect more energy from the sun than they let escape from inside the home. One type of window in current production is the low-E (low-emissivity) and the IGUs (insulated glass units). Low-E techniques include glazing of the glass with various materials including polyester and metallic coatings. Other measures include filling the airspace in double pane windows with argon, aerogel or by creating a vacuum in the airspace. Another factor the author considers is ultraviolet light protection.
Best, D.
Tips: Windows | Department of Energy
Windows Windows Tips: Windows June 18, 2012 - 9:43am Addthis Tips: Windows Windows can be one of your home's most attractive features. Windows provide views, daylighting, ventilation, and heat from the sun in the winter. Unfortunately, they can also account for 10% to 25% of your heating bill by letting heat out. During the summer, your air conditioner must work harder to cool hot air from sunny windows. Install ENERGY STAR®-qualified windows and use curtains and shade to give your air conditioner and energy bill a break. If your home has single-pane windows, consider replacing them with double-pane windows with high-performance glass-low-e or spectrally selective coatings. In colder climates, select gas-filled windows with low-e coatings to reduce heat loss. In warmer climates, select windows with
THE LIFETIME AND POWERS OF FR IIs IN GALAXY CLUSTERS
We have identified and studied a sample of 151 FR IIs found in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the MaxBCG cluster catalog with data from FIRST and NVSS. We have compared the radio luminosities and projected lengths of these FR IIs to the projected length distribution of a range of mock catalogs generated by an FR II model and estimate the FR II lifetime to be 1.9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} yr. The uncertainty in the lifetime calculation is a factor of two, primarily due to uncertainties in the intracluster medium (ICM) density and the FR II axial ratio. We furthermore measure the jet power distribution of FR IIs in BCGs and find that it is well described by a log-normal distribution with a median power of 1.1 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 37} W and a coefficient of variation of 2.2. These jet powers are nearly linearly related to the observed luminosities, and this relation is steeper than many other estimates, although it is dependent on the jet model. We investigate correlations between FR II and cluster properties and find that galaxy luminosity is correlated with jet power. This implies that jet power is also correlated with black hole mass, as the stellar luminosity of a BCG should be a good proxy for its spheroid mass and therefore the black hole mass. Jet power, however, is not correlated with cluster richness, nor is FR II lifetime strongly correlated with any cluster properties. We calculate the enthalpy of the lobes to examine the impact of the FR IIs on the ICM and find that heating due to adiabatic expansion is too small to offset radiative cooling by a factor of at least six. In contrast, the jet power is approximately an order of magnitude larger than required to counteract cooling. We conclude that if feedback from FR IIs offsets cooling of the ICM, then heating must be primarily due to another mechanism associated with FR II expansion.
Antognini, Joe; Bird, Jonathan; Martini, Paul, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States)
Microstructure, morphology and lifetime of armored bubbles exposed to surfactants
We report the behavior of particle-stabilized bubbles (armored bubbles) when exposed to various classes and concentrations of surfactants. The bubbles are non-spherical due to the jamming of the particles on the interface and are stable to dissolution prior to the addition of surfactant. We find that the dissolving bubbles exhibit distinct morphological, microstructural, and lifetime changes, which correlate with the concentration of surfactant employed. For low concentrations of surfactant an armored bubble remains non-spherical while dissolving, while for concentrations close to and above the surfactant CMC a bubble reverts to a spherical shape before dissolving. We propose a microstructural interpretation, supported by our experimental observations of particle dynamics on the bubble interface, that recognizes the role of interfacial jamming and stresses in particle stabilization and surfactant-mediated destabilization of armored bubbles.
Anand Bala Subramaniam; Cecile Mejean; Manouk Abkarian; Howard A. Stone
Extending lifetime of portable systems by battery scheduling
Multi-battery power supplies are becoming popular in electronic appliances of the latest generations, due to economical and manufacturing constraints. Unfortunately, a partitioned battery subsystem is not able to deliver the same amount of charge as a monolithic battery with the same total capacity. In this paper, we de ne the concept of battery scheduling, we investigate policies for solving the problem of optimal charge delivery, and we study the relationship of such policies with di erent con gurations of the battery subsystem. Results, obtained for di erent workloads, demonstrate that the choice of the proper scheduling can make, in the best case, system lifetime as close as 1 % of that guaranteed by a monolithic battery of equal capacity. 1
L. Benini; G. Castelli Z; A. Macii Z
Measurements of ultracold neutron lifetimes in solid deuterium
We present the first measurements of the survival time of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in solid deuterium SD2. This critical parameter provides a fundamental limitation to the effectiveness of superthermal UCN sources that utilize solid ortho-deuterium as the source material. Superthermal UCN sources offer orders of magnitude improvement in the available densities of UCNs, and are of great importance to fundamental particle-physics experiments such as searches for a static electric dipole moment and lifetime measurements of the free neutron. These measurements are performed utilizing a SD2 source coupled to a spallation source of neutrons, providing a demonstration of UCN production in this geometry and permitting systematic studies of the influence of thermal up-scatter and contamination with para-deuterium on the UCN survival time.
C. L. Morris; J. M. Anaya; T. J. Bowles; B. W. Filippone; P. Geltenbort; R. E. Hill; M. Hino; S. Hoedl; G. E. Hogan; T. M. Ito; T. Kawai; K. Kirch; S. K. Lamoreaux; C. -Y. Liu; M. Makela; L. J. Marek; J. W. Martin; R. N. Mortensen; A. Pichlmaier; A. Saunders; S. J. Seestrom; D. Smith; W. Teasdale; B. Tipton; M. Utsuro; A. R. Young; J. Yuan
Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Positron Lifetime and Micro-Vicker ...
Aug 1, 1999 ... Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Positron Lifetime and Micro-Vicker Hardness of Fe-Cu Model Alloys and Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is currently storing plutonium materials in the K-Area Materials Storage (KAMS) facility. The materials are packaged per the DOE 3013 Standard and transported and stored in KAMS in Model 9975 shipping packages, which include double containment vessels sealed with dual O-rings made of Parker Seals compound V0835-75 (based on Viton{reg_sign} GLT). The outer O-ring of each containment vessel is credited for leaktight containment per ANSI N14.5. O-ring service life depends on many factors, including the failure criterion, environmental conditions, overall design, fabrication quality and assembly practices. A preliminary life prediction model has been developed for the V0835-75 O-rings in KAMS. The conservative model is based primarily on long-term compression stress relaxation (CSR) experiments and Arrhenius accelerated-aging methodology. For model development purposes, seal lifetime is defined as a 90% loss of measurable sealing force. Thus far, CSR experiments have only reached this target level of degradation at temperatures {ge} 300 F. At lower temperatures, relaxation values are more tolerable. Using time-temperature superposition principles, the conservative model predicts a service life of approximately 20-25 years at a constant seal temperature of 175 F. This represents a maximum payload package at a constant ambient temperature of 104 F, the highest recorded in KAMS to date. This is considered a highly conservative value as such ambient temperatures are only reached on occasion and for short durations. The presence of fiberboard in the package minimizes the impact of such temperature swings, with many hours to several days required for seal temperatures to respond proportionately. At 85 F ambient, a more realistic but still conservative value, bounding seal temperatures are reduced to {approx}158 F, with an estimated seal lifetime of {approx}35-45 years. The actual service life for O-rings in a maximum wattage package likely lies higher than the estimates due to the conservative assumptions used for the model. For lower heat loads at similar ambient temperatures, seal lifetime is further increased. The preliminary model is based on several assumptions that require validation with additional experiments and longer exposures at more realistic conditions. The assumption of constant exposure at peak temperature is believed to be conservative. Cumulative damage at more realistic conditions will likely be less severe but is more difficult to assess based on available data. Arrhenius aging behavior is expected, but non-Arrhenius behavior is possible. Validation of Arrhenius behavior is ideally determined from longer tests at temperatures closer to actual service conditions. CSR experiments will therefore continue at lower temperatures to validate the model. Ultrasensitive oxygen consumption analysis has been shown to be useful in identifying non-Arrhenius behavior within reasonable test periods. Therefore, additional experiments are recommended and planned to validate the model.
Hoffman, E.; Skidmore, E.
Deployment guidelines for achieving maximum lifetime and avoiding energy holes in sensor network
The demand for maximum network lifetime in many mission-critical applications of wireless sensor networks motivates the great significance to deploy as few sensors as possible to achieve the expected network performance. In this paper, we first characterize ... Keywords: Adjustable transmission range, Energy-hole, Network lifetime, Node deployment, Wireless sensor network
Anfeng Liu; Xin Jin; Guohua Cui; Zhigang Chen
Optimizing lifetime for continuous data aggregation with precision guarantees in wireless sensor networks
This paper exploits the tradeoff between data quality and energy consumption to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. To obtain an aggregate form of sensor data with precision guarantees, the precision constraint is partitioned and allocated ... Keywords: data accuracy, data aggregation, energy efficiency, network lifetime, sensor network
Xueyan Tang; Jianliang Xu
A Proactive Wearout Recovery Approach for Exploiting Microarchitectural Redundancy to Extend Cache SRAM Lifetime
Microarchitectural redundancy has been proposed as a means of improving chip lifetime reliability. It is typically used in a reactive way, allowing chips to maintain operability in the presence of failures by detecting and isolating, correcting, and/or ... Keywords: lifetime reliability, microarchitectural redundancy, proactive approach, wearout recovery
Jeonghee Shin; Victor Zyuban; Pradip Bose; Timothy M. Pinkston
Accelerated lifetime estimation of thermosonic Cu ball bonds on Al metallization
In this study a fast mechanical shear fatigue test technique for the quality assessment of thermosonic ball bonded interconnects was developed to estimate their lifetime behavior. The micro-interconnects were subjected to cyclic shear stress using a ... Keywords: Cu/Al Ball bond, Fatigue, Fracture mechanics, Lifetime, Microelectronic interconnects
A. Lassnig, W. Trasischker, G. Khatibi, B. Weiss, M. Nelhiebel, R. Pelzer
Extending the lifetime of media recorders constrained by battery and flash memory size
The lifetime of a stand-alone media recorder is a function of both the battery size and flash memory size. In this paper, we present a power management framework for media recorders that significantly enhances their lifetime while minimizing the flash ... Keywords: dynamic voltage scaling, multimedia, passive voltage scaling
Younghyun Kim; Youngjin Cho; Naehyuck Chang; Chaitali Chakrabarti; Nam Ik Cho
Thermal performance measurements of sealed insulating glass units with low-E coatings using the MoWiTT (Mobile Window Thermal Test) field-test facility
Using data obtained in a mobile field-test facility, measured performance of clear and low-emissivity double-glazing units is presented for south-facing and north-facing orientations. The changes in U-value and shading coefficient resulting from addition of the low-E coating are found to agree with theoretical expectations for the cold spring test conditions. Accurate nighttime U-values were derived from the data and found to agree with calculations. Expected correlation between U-value and wind speed was not observed in the data; a plausible experimental reason for this is advanced.
Klems, J.; Keller, H.
NETL F 451.1-1/1 Categorical Exclusion (CX) Designation Form
Systems Demonstrate thermochromic (TC) windows under various conditions to quantify energy usage and energy savings of TC windows versus commercial grade double pane, fixed...
First working group meeting on the minority carrier diffusion length/lifetime measurement: Results of the round robin lifetime/diffusion length tests
As was noted in the cover letter that accompanied the samples, the eleven bare silicon samples were from various manufacturers. Table I lists the codes for the samples and the manufacturer of each sample. It also notes if the sample was single or poly-crystalline. The samples had been polished on one side before being sent out for measurements, but no further processing was done. The participants of the study were asked to measure either the lifetime or diffusion length of each of the samples using their standard procedure. Table II shows the experimental conditions used by the groups who measured diffusion length. All the diffusion length measurements were performed using the Surface Photovoltage method (SPV). Table M shows the experimental conditions for the lifetime measurements. All the lifetime measurements were made using the Photoconductance Decay method (PCD) under low level injection. These tables show the diameter of the spot size used during the measurement (the effective sampling area), the locations where measurements were taken, and the number of measurements taken at each location. Table N shows the results of the measurements. The table is divided into diffusion length and lifetime measurements for each sample. The values listed are the average values reported by each group. One of the immediate artifacts seen in the data is the large variation in the lifetime measurements. The values from MIT and Mobil are generally close. However, the measurements from NCSU are typically an order of magnitude lower.
Cudzinovic, M.; Sopori, B. [comp.
Optimal Reversible Annuities to Minimize the Probability of Lifetime Ruin
We find the minimum probability of lifetime ruin of an investor who can invest in a market with a risky and a riskless asset and who can purchase a reversible life annuity. The surrender charge of a life annuity is a proportion of its value. Ruin occurs when the total of the value of the risky and riskless assets and the surrender value of the life annuity reaches zero. We find the optimal investment strategy and optimal annuity purchase and surrender strategies in two situations: (i) the value of the risky and riskless assets is allowed to be negative, with the imputed surrender value of the life annuity keeping the total positive; or (ii) the value of the risky and riskless assets is required to be non-negative. In the first case, although the individual has the flexiblity to buy or sell at any time, we find that the individual will not buy a life annuity unless she can cover all her consumption via the annuity and she will never sell her annuity. In the second case, the individual surrenders just enough annuity income to keep her total assets positive. However, in this second case, the individual�s annuity purchasing strategy depends on the size of the proportional surrender charge. When the charge is large enough, the individual will not buy a life annuity unless she can cover all her consumption, the so-called safe level. When the charge is small enough, the individual will buy a life annuity at a wealth lower than this safe level. Key words. Life annuities, retirement, optimal investment, stochastic control, freeboundary problem 1
Ting Wang; Virginia R. Young
Los Alamos National Laboratory W76 Pit Tube Lifetime Study
A metallurgical study was requested as part of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) W76-1 life-extension program (LEP) involving a lifetime analysis of type 304 stainless steel pit tubes subject to repeat bending loads during assembly and disassembly operations at BWXT/Pantex. This initial test phase was completed during the calendar years of 2004-2006 and the report not issued until additional recommended tests could be performed. These tests have not been funded to this date and therefore this report is considered final. Tubes were reportedly fabricated according to Rocky Flats specification P14548 - Seamless Type 304 VIM/VAR Stainless Steel Tubing. Tube diameter was specified as 0.125 inches and wall thickness as 0.028 inches. A heat treat condition is not specified and the hardness range specification can be characteristic of both 1/8 and 1/4 hard conditions. Properties of all tubes tested were within specification. Metallographic analysis could not conclusively determine a specified limit to number of bends allowable. A statistical analysis suggests a range of 5-7 bends with a 99.95% confidence limit. See the 'Statistical Analysis' section of this report. The initial phase of this study involved two separate sets of test specimens. The first group was part of an investigation originating in the ESA-GTS [now Gas Transfer Systems (W-7) Group]. After the bend cycle test parameters were chosen (all three required bends subjected to the same amount of bend cycles) and the tubes bent, the investigation was transferred to Terri Abeln (Metallurgical Science and Engineering) for analysis. Subsequently, another limited quantity of tubes became available for testing and were cycled with the same bending fixture, but with different test parameters determined by T. Abeln.
Abeln, Terri G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
New Tool Quantitatively Maps Minority-Carrier Lifetime of Multicrystalline Silicon Bricks (Fact Sheet)
NREL's new imaging tool could provide manufacturers with insight on their processes. Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have used capabilities within the Process Development and Integration Laboratory (PDIL) to generate quantitative minority-carrier lifetime maps of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) bricks. This feat has been accomplished by using the PDIL's photoluminescence (PL) imaging system in conjunction with transient lifetime measurements obtained using a custom NREL-designed resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) system. PL imaging can obtain rapid high-resolution images that provide a qualitative assessment of the material lifetime-with the lifetime proportional to the pixel intensity. In contrast, the RCPCD technique provides a fast quantitative measure of the lifetime with a lower resolution and penetrates millimeters into the mc-Si brick, providing information on bulk lifetimes and material quality. This technique contrasts with commercially available minority-carrier lifetime mapping systems that use microwave conductivity measurements. Such measurements are dominated by surface recombination and lack information on the material quality within the bulk of the brick. By combining these two complementary techniques, we obtain high-resolution lifetime maps at very fast data acquisition times-attributes necessary for a production-based diagnostic tool. These bulk lifetime measurements provide manufacturers with invaluable feedback on their silicon ingot casting processes. NREL has been applying the PL images of lifetime in mc-Si bricks in collaboration with a U.S. photovoltaic industry partner through Recovery Act Funded Project ARRA T24. NREL developed a new tool to quantitatively map minority-carrier lifetime of multicrystalline silicon bricks by using photoluminescence imaging in conjunction with resonance-coupled photoconductive decay measurements. Researchers are not hindered by surface recombination and can look deeper into the material to map bulk lifetimes. The tool is being applied to silicon bricks in a project collaborating with a U.S. photovoltaic industry partner. Photovoltaic manufacturers can use the NREL tool to obtain valuable feedback on their silicon ingot casting processes.
Stability and Lifetime of K-CoMoSx Mixed Alcohol Catalysts
Researchers have studied sulfide-type catalysts for the production of mixed alcohols from synthesis gas for several decades. Despite many advances in the art, these processes are not yet commercial, due in large part to mediocre economics and the added risk associated with uncertainty in catalyst lifetime. This talk will outline some recent studies in the lifetime and stability of K-CoMoSx-type mixed alcohol catalysts. Specifically, studies of long term operation (> 3000h), sulfiding agents, simulated methanol recycle, and morphology (probed via XRD and XPS) will be discussed, with the conclusion that these materials are likely to exhibit acceptable lifetimes in continuous operation.
Hensley, J. E.; Ruddy, D.; Schaidle, J.; Ferrell, J.; Thibodeaux, J.
Modeling Minority-Carrier Lifetime Techniques That Use Transient Excess-Carrier Decay: Preprint
Lifetime spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the characterization of PV materials. This paper combines modeling and experimental results to illustrate the injection-level dependent response of three transient excess-carrier decay techniques.
Johnston, S. W.; Berman, G. M.; Ahrenkiel, R. K.
New Accelerated Testing and Lifetime Modeling Methods Promise Faster Development of More Durable MEAs
For the successful commercialization of fuel cell technology, it is imperative that membrane electrode assembly (MEA) durability is understood and quantified. MEA lifetimes of 40,000 hours remain a key target for stationary power applications. Since it is impractical to wait 40,000 hours for durability results, it is critical to learn as much information as possible in as short a time period as possible to determine if an MEA sample will survive past its lifetime target. Consequently, 3M has utilized accelerated testing and statistical lifetime modeling tools to develop a methodology for evaluating MEA lifetime. Construction and implementation of a multi-cell test stand have allowed for multiple accelerated tests and stronger statistical data for learning about durability.
Pierpont, D. M.; Hicks, M. T.; Turner, P. L.; Watschke, T. M.
University of California. FISSION YIELDS AL\\JD LIFETIMES FORfor his assistance in the fission chamber calibrations andCl8 (1978) 1452. Table 1 Fission yields yf Nucleus 23su 23Su
Ahmad, S.
Increasing network lifetime in an energy-constrained wireless sensor network
Energy in wireless sensor networks is a scarce resource, therefore an energy-efficient mechanism is required to increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we study the problem of optimal power allocation, taking into account the estimation of the ...
Said El Abdellaoui; M�rouane Debbah; Youssef Fakhri; Driss Aboutajdine
Lifetime reliability assessment with aging information from low-level sensors
Aggressive technology scaling has led Integrated Circuits (ICs) suffer from ever-increasing wearout effects. As a consequence, Dynamic Reliability Management (DRM) becomes an essential approach to assure IC's lifetime reliability. Accurate and efficient ... Keywords: dynamic reliability management, nbti, reliability
Yao Wang; Sorin D. Cotofana; Liang Fang
Theory of SEI Formation in Rechargeable Batteries: Capacity Fade, Accelerated Aging and Lifetime Prediction
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade ...
Pinson, Matthew Bede
Lifetime measurements of high-lying short lived states in {sup 69}As
Lifetimes of high-spin states in {sup 69}As have been measured using Doppler shift attenuation technique with the GASP and RFD setup. The determined transition probabilities indicate large deformation associated with some rotational bands in this nucleus.
Matejska-Minda, M.; Bednarczyk, P.; Fornal, B.; Ciemala, M.; Kmiecik, M.; Krzysiek, M.; Maj, A.; Meczynski, W.; Myalski, S.; Styczen, J.; Zieblinski, M.; Angelis, G. de; Huyuk, T.; Michelagnoli, C.; Sahin, E.; Aydin, S.; Farnea, E.; Menegazzo, R.; Recchia, F.; Ur, C. A. [Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland); INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN Padova (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN Milano (Italy); Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw (Poland); University of York (United Kingdom); and others
The Needs of a Lifetime: The Search for Security, 1865-1914
age in an era without Social Security. v Table of Contentsthem for mortgages or securities, or to secure various formsLifetime: The Search for Security, 1865-1914 A Dissertation
Yang, Tony
B2.5 Safety and environmental improvements of a facility, replacement/upgrade of facility components B2.5 Safety and environmental improvements of a facility, replacement/upgrade of facility components Shawnee County Health Agency, 1615 SE 8th Street. Proposes to replace all the windows and exterior glass doors in the Health Agency building with energy efficient, double pane glass, low-e argon filled windows and doors that will reduce the energy consumption in the building conservatively 25% to 35% EERE-RW/EECBG EECBG - Shawnee County Health Agency Retrofits Shawnee County Kansas Jul 26, 2010 Print Form for Records Submit to Website Submit via Email Lawrence Wiggins Digitally signed by Lawrence Wiggins DN: cn=Lawrence Wiggins, o=EES, ou, email@example.com, c=US Date: 2010.08.02 15:29:04 -04'00' X- A1 - Routine administrative/financial/personnel actions
4 4 Case Study, The Philip Merrill Environmental Center, Annapolis, Maryland (Office) Building Design Floor Area: 31,000 SF Floors: 2 Footprint: 220 ft. x (1) 2 Floors of open office space Attached pavilion containing: Meeting space Kitchen Staff dining Conference room Shell Windows U-Factor SHGC (2) Type: Double Pane, Low-e, Argon Filled Insulating Glass 0.244 0.41 Wall/Roof Material Effective R-Value Interior Wall plywood, gypsum, SIP foam, and sheathing 28.0 Exterior Wall gypsum and insulated metal framing 9.3 Roof plywood, gypsum, SIP foam, and sheathing 38.0 HVAC 18 ground source heat pumps fin and tube radiators connected to a propane boiler 1 air condtioning unit Lighting Power Densities (W/SF) First Floor: 1.2 Second Floor: 1.6 Conference Room: 1.4 Energy/Power PV System: 4.2 kW thin-film system
CX-003257: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
7: Categorical Exclusion Determination 7: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-003257: Categorical Exclusion Determination Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant - Shawnee County Health Agency Retrofits CX(s) Applied: A1, B2.5, B5.1 Date: 07/26/2010 Location(s): Shawnee County, Kansas Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. Shawnee County Health Agency, 1615 Southeast 8th Street. Proposes to replace all the windows and exterior glass doors in the Health Agency building with energy efficient, double pane glass, low-e argon filled windows and doors that will reduce the energy consumption in the building conservatively 25% to 35%. DOCUMENT(S) AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD CX-003257.pdf More Documents & Publications CX-004974: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Cascade Problems in Some Atomic Lifetime Measurements at a Heavy-Ion Storage Ring
Lifetimes of 3s{sup 2}3p{sup k} ground configuration levels of Al-, Si-, P-, and S-like ions of Be, Co, and Ni have been measured at a heavy-ion storage ring. Some of the observed decay curves show strong evidence of cascade repopulation from specific 3d levels that feature lifetimes in the same multi-millisecond range as the levels of the ground configuration.
Tr?bert, E; Hoffmann, J; Krantz, C; Wolf, A; Ishikawa, Y; Santana, J
Ratio of D/sup 0/ and D/sup +/ lifetimes from their semileptonic decays
The conventional expectation for the decays of D mesons assumes that the charm quark decays in the presence of light, spectator quarks and thus the lifetimes of both charged and uncharged states are equal. In this article, evidence is presented from DELCO (at SPEAR) that the D lifetimes are quite different for neutral and charged mesons, and the results which have also become available from other experiments are reviewed.
Donaldson, G.J.
Lifetime and diffusion length measurements on silicon material and solar cells. [Intentionally doped with impurities
Experimental methods were evaluated for the determination of lifetime and diffusion length in silicon intentionally doped with potentially lifetime-degrading impurities found in metallurgical grade silicon, impurities which may be residual in low-cost silicon intended for use in terrestrial flat-plat arrays. Results obtained by these methods were compared for mutual consistency. Lifetime measurements were made using a steady-state photoconductivity method, which was compared with a photoconductivity decay technique. Diffusion length determinations were made using short-circuit current measurements under penetrating illumination. This method was compared with a direct measurement of diffusion length using a scanning electron microscope. Mutual consistency among all experimental methods was verified, but steady-state photoconductivity was found preferable to photoconductivity decay at short lifetimes and in the presence of traps. The effects of a number of impurities on lifetime in bulk material, and on diffusion length in cells fabricated from this material, were determined. Results were compared with those obtained by others on the same material and devices using different techniques. General agreement was found in terms of the hierarchy of impurities which degrade the lifetime.
Othmer, S.; Chen, S.C.
Low-E Coating Detector
different reflectances). The low cost measuring technique uses an infrared light-emitting diode and phototransistor. The result is displayed by illuminating one of three LEDs...
Simulation free measurement of the B+ lifetime using decays selected using displaced tracks
The lifetime of the B{sup {+-}} meson is measured using the decay channel B{sup +} {yields} {bar D}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}. The measurement is made using approximately 1.0 fb{sup -1} of Tevatron proton-anti-proton collision data at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF detector. The data were collected using impact parameter based triggers that were designed to select events with a secondary vertex. The trigger selection criteria result in data rich in a variety of B hadron decays, but intrinsically bias the lifetime distribution of the collected signal events. The traditional way to compensate for the bias is to use information from simulation. Presented here is a new method for correction of the lifetime bias using an analytical technique that uses information from the data only. This eliminates measurement uncertainty due to data and simulation agreement, ultimately resulting in a smaller systematic measurement uncertainty. The B{sup {+-}} lifetime measurement is the first measurement using this new technique and demonstrates its potential for use in future measurements. The B{sup {+-}} lifetime is measured to be {tau}(B{sup {+-}}) = 1.662 {+-} 0.023(stat) {+-} 0.015(syst)ps.
Malde, Sneha; /Oxford U.
Vibrational Infrared Lifetime of the Anesthetic nitrous oxide gas in solution
The lifetime of the asymmetric fundamental stretching 2218 cm$^{-1}$ vibration of the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) dissolved in octanol and olive oil is reported. These solvents are model systems commonly used to assess anesthetic potency. Picosecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations have suggested that protein dynamics or membrane dynamics play a role in the molecular mechanism of anesthetic action. Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy with 100 fs time resolution is an ideal tool to probe dynamics of anesthetic molecules on such timescales. Pump-probe studies at the peak of the vibrational band yield a lifetime of $55 \\pm 1$ ps in olive oil and $52 \\pm 1 ps$ in octanol. The similarity of lifetimes suggests that energy relaxation of the anesthetic is determined primarily by the hydrophobic nature of the environment, consistent with models of anesthetic action. The results show that nitrous oxide is a good model system for probing anesthetic-solvent interactions using nonlinear infrared spectroscop...
Chieffo, Logan; Shattuck, Jeffrey; Hong, Mi K; Ziegler, Lawrence; Erramilli, Shyamsunder
Measuring Lifetimes of Long-Lived Charged Massive Particles Stopped in LHC Detectors
Long-lived charged massive particles (CHAMPs) appear in various particle physics models beyond the standard model. In this Letter, we discuss the prospects for studying the stopping and decaying events of such long-lived CHAMPs at the LHC detectors, and show that the lifetime measurement (and the study of decay products) is possible with the LHC detectors for a wide range of the lifetime O(0.1)-O(10{sup 10}) sec, by using periods of no pp collision. Even a short lifetime of order 1 sec can be measured by (i) identifying the stopping event with the on-line event filter, (ii) immediately making a beam-dump signal which stops the pp collision of the LHC, and at the same time (iii) changing the trigger menu to optimize it for the detection of a CHAMP decay in the calorimeter. Other possibilities are also discussed.
Asai, Shoji; Shirai, Satoshi [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Hamaguchi, Koichi [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8568 (Japan)
Nuclear matrix elements from direct lifetime or cross-section measurements
The method of simultaneous lifetime and g factor measurements using a plunger device and the RDDS and TDRIV techniques is introduced. Results on lifetimes and hyperfine-interaction parameters for 2{sup +}{sub 1} states in {sup 104-108}Pd, {sup 96,98,104}Ru, and {sup 92,94}Zr, using a plunger device. Another method to obtain electromagnetic matrix elements is direct cross section measurements using NRF. The method is outlined, and some recent results on {sup 76}Se are shown.
Werner, V.; Cooper, N.; Hinton, M.; Ilie, G.; Radeck, D. [Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8120 (United States); Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8120 (United States) and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guilford, GU27XH (United Kingdom); Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8120 (United States) and National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8120 (United States) and Institut fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet zu Koeln, Zuelpicher Str. 77, 50937 Koeln (Germany)
The Effective Lifetime of ACSR Full Tension Splice Connector Operated at Higher Temperature
This paper is to address the issues related to integrity of ACSR full tension splice connectors operated at high temperatures. A protocol of integrating analytical and experimental approaches to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector (SSC) assembly during service at high operating temperature was developed. Based on the developed protocol the effective lifetime evaluation was demonstrated with ACSR Drake conductor SSC systems. The investigation indicates that thermal cycling temperature and frequency, conductor cable tension loading, and the compressive residual stress field within a SSC system have significant impact on the SSC integrity and the associated effective lifetime.
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL; Lara-Curzio, Edgar [ORNL; King Jr, Thomas J [ORNL; Graziano, Joe [Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); Chan, John [Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Goodwin, Tip [PBS& J
of various urban sulfate aerosol production mechanisms.radius of an evaporating aerosol droplet in which oxidationEnvironment THE LIFETIME OF AEROSOL DROPLETS IN AMBIENT AIR:
Toossi, R.
Efficient Battery Management for Sensor Lifetime Malka N. Halgamuge, Student Member, IEEE
Efficient Battery Management for Sensor Lifetime Malka N. Halgamuge, Student Member, IEEE It is challenging to design a sensor network if sensors are battery powered. Efficient scheduling and budgeting battery power in sensor networks has become a critical issue in net- work design. We investigate how
Halgamuge, Malka N.
A new extended Birnbaum-Saunders regression model for lifetime modeling
A new class of extended Birnbaum-Saunders regression models is introduced. It can be applied to censored data and be used more effectively in survival analysis and fatigue life studies. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters with censored ... Keywords: Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, Censored data, Fatigue life distribution, Lifetime data, Local influence analysis
Artur J. Lemonte
Network lifetime analytical model for node-disjoint multipath routing in wireless sensor networks
The objective of every sensor node in a sensor network is to send the sensed data in the phenomena to a sink node. The network lifetime is maximal, when the energy consumption of each node is uniform. Many routing protocols select an optimal path to ...
Shiva G. Murthy; R. J. D. Souza; G. Varaprasad
Development of a high average current polarized electron source with long cathode operational lifetime
Substantially more than half of the electromagnetic nuclear physics experiments conducted at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Laboratory) require highly polarized electron beams, often at high average current. Spin-polarized electrons are produced by photoemission from various GaAs-based semiconductor photocathodes, using circularly polarized laser light with photon energy slightly larger than the semiconductor band gap. The photocathodes are prepared by activation of the clean semiconductor surface to negative electron affinity using cesium and oxidation. Historically, in many laboratories worldwide, these photocathodes have had short operational lifetimes at high average current, and have often deteriorated fairly quickly in ultrahigh vacuum even without electron beam delivery. At Jefferson Lab, we have developed a polarized electron source in which the photocathodes degrade exceptionally slowly without electron emission, and in which ion back bombardment is the predominant mechanism limiting the operational lifetime of the cathodes during electron emission. We have reproducibly obtained cathode 1/e dark lifetimes over two years, and 1/e charge density and charge lifetimes during electron beam delivery of over 2?105???C/cm2 and 200 C, respectively. This source is able to support uninterrupted high average current polarized beam delivery to three experimental halls simultaneously for many months at a time. Many of the techniques we report here are directly applicable to the development of GaAs photoemission electron guns to deliver high average current, high brightness unpolarized beams.
C. K. Sinclair; P. A. Adderley; B. M. Dunham; J. C. Hansknecht; P. Hartmann; M. Poelker; J. S. Price; P. M. Rutt; W. J. Schneider; M. Steigerwald
Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks using multi-level clustering and heterogeneity
Clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an important technique to prolong lifetime of a WSN. This paper proposes energy efficient multi-level clustering scheme called Power Aware Multi-level Clustering (PAMC) for homogeneous wireless sensor ... Keywords: algorithm, energy efficiency, heterogeneity, multi-level clustering, wireless sensor networks
Surender Soni; Vivek Katiyar
Radiative lifetime of the $a\\ ^3\\Sigma^+$ state of HeH$^+$ from ab initio calculations
The first metastable triplet state of HeH$^+$ was found to be present in ion beam experiments, with its lifetime estimated to be between hundreds of milliseconds and thousand of seconds. In this work, we use {\\it ab initio} methods to evaluate the radiative lifetimes of the six vibrational levels of the $a\\ ^3\\Sigma^+$ of HeH$^+$. The transition $a\\ ^3\\Sigma^+ \\rightarrow X \\ ^1\\Sigma^+$ is spin-forbidden, but acquires intensity through spin-orbit interaction with the singlet and triplet $\\Pi$ states. Large scale CASSCF/MRCI calculations using an adapted basis set were performed to determine the potential energy curves of the relevant states of HeH$^+$ as well as the matrix elements of the dipole and spin-orbit operators. The wave functions and energies of the vibrational levels of the $a\\ ^3\\Sigma^+$ and $X \\ ^1\\Sigma^+$ states are obtained using a B-spline method and compared to previous works. We find that radiative lifetime of the vibrational levels increases strongly with $v$, the lifetime of the $v=0$ s...
Loreau, J; Vaeck, N
Enhancement of photoluminescence lifetime of ZnO nanorods making use of thiourea
We have investigated correlation of photoluminescence lifetime between zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and thiourea-doped ZnO nanorods (tu: CH4N2S). Aqueous solutions of ZnO nanorods were deposited on glass substrate by using pneumatic ...
Erdal S�nmez; Kadem Meral
Coverage-Based Information Retrieval for Lifetime Maximization in Sensor Networks
Coverage-Based Information Retrieval for Lifetime Maximization in Sensor Networks Tong Zhao {ttzhao, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract--We consider information retrieval in a wireless sensor network-of-service (QoS) specific information retrieval for the reconstruction of a spatially correlated random signal
Islam, M. Saif
Experimental determination of neutron lifetimes through macroscopic neutron noise in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor
The neutron lifetimes of the core, reflector, and global were experimentally obtained through macroscopic neutron noise in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor for five levels of subcriticality. The theoretical Auto Power Spectral Densities were derived by point kinetic equations taking the reflector effect into account, and one of the approaches consider an additional group of delayed neutrons.
Gonnelli, Eduardo; Diniz, Ricardo [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP Travessa R-400, 05508-900, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Energy-aware Gateway Selection for Increasing the Lifetime of Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks
A Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) is composed of a set of sensor nodes, placed on, near or within a human body. WBASNs opt to continuously monitor the health conditions of individuals under medical risk, e.g., elders and chronically ill people, ... Keywords: Energy harvesting, Gateway selection algorithm, Network lifetime, Selective engagement of nodes, Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASN)
Cuneyt Bayilmis; Mohamed Younis
ATA: adaptive transmission algorithms for prolonging lifetime in underwater sensor networks
The severe energy constraints of sensors and the unique characteristics of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) present major challenges for the long-term monitoring applications. This paper proposes two novel adaptive transmission algorithms for UWSNs ... Keywords: algorithms, lifetime, underwater sensor networks
Zhongwen Guo; Jinfeng Dou; Wei Han; Guangxu Zhang; Zhengang Ha
Alternative Size and Lifetime Measurements for High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
Two-Particle correlations based on the interference of identical particles has provided the chief means for determining the shape and lifetime of sources in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Here, Strong and Coulomb induced correlations are shown to provide equivalent information.
Scott Pratt; Silvio Petriconi
Photoconductive Decay Lifetime and Suns-Voc Diagnostics of Efficient Heterojunction Solar Cells: Preprint
We report results of minority carrier lifetime measurements for double-sided p-type Si heterojunction devices and compare Suns-Voc results to Light I-V measurements on 1 cm2 solar cell devices measured on an AM1.5 calibrated XT-10 solar simulator.
Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Xu, Y.; Roybal L.; Bauer, R.; Yan, H.-C.; Wang, Q.; Meier, D. L.
REACTIVITY LIFETIME. TEST RESULTS DL-S-225(T-612118A). Section I, Second Performance
The performance, reliability, stability, and reactivity lifetime variations of the Shippingport PWR are determined under normal steady state conditions. These characteristics are studied over a period of 758 EFPH, at a power level of about 60 Mw(e). Flux-tilt corrections and plant operations during this time are described. (T.F.H.)
PGCapping: exploiting power gating for power capping and core lifetime balancing in CMPs
Optimizing the performance of a chip multiprocessor (CMP) within a power cap has recently received a lot of attention. However, most existing solutions rely solely on DVFS, which is anticipated to have only limited actuation ranges in the future. Power ... Keywords: chip multiprocessor, control theory, lifetime balancing, power capping, power control, power gating
Kai Ma; Xiaorui Wang
Internal Resistance Identification in Vehicle Power Lithium-Ion Battery and Application in Lifetime Evaluation
According to the characteristic analysis of lithium-ion power battery, battery accelerate life test is carried out to obtain the relevant conclusions such as the changing trend of battery ohmic resistance in different conditions. Battery ohmic resistance ... Keywords: Lithium-ion battery, Internal resistance, Equivalent model, Lifetime evaluation
Xuezhe Wei; Bing Zhu; Wei Xu
Measurement of the Masses and Lifetimes of B Hadrons at the Tevatron
The latest results for the B Hadron sector at the Tevatron Collider are summarized. The properties of B hadrons can be precisely measured at the Tevatron. In particularly they will focus on the masses and lifetimes. The new Tevatron results for the CP violation in B Hadrons are also discussed.
Catastini, Pierluigi; /Pisa U. /INFN, Pisa
Energy-optimal SRAM supply voltage scheduling under lifetime and error constraints
This work addresses the energy efficiency of the memory architecture in safety-critical systems that have to guarantee a given level of service and a minimum lifetime. We specifically target SRAM structures in which decreased reliability manifests itself ... Keywords: NBTI, SRAM, aging, energy optimization, reliability
Andrea Calimera, Enrico Macii, Massimo Poncino
Measurement and model assessment of fluorescence lifetime sensing in multiply scattering media
The generation and propagation of fluorescence light within biological tissue offers the potential for biomedical diagnostics and analyte sensing. Arising from an exogenous fluorescent dye injected as a contrast agent or immobilized in a polymer implant, the fluorescent decay kinetics can be sensitive to the tissue??s biochemical environment, providing quantitative in vivo information of the confined tissue site. The impact of light propagation and decay kinetics upon the measured signals is important for consideration, simply because tissue scatters light, giving rise to nanosecond photon time-of-flights that are comparable to fluorescence relaxation kinetics. The goal of this study is to develop a time-dependent model describing (i) the generation of fluorescence from dyes exhibiting multi-exponential or more complex kinetics and (ii) its propagation in scattering media. In the preliminary study, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy is investigated in tissue-like scattering solution. Two fluorescent dyes, 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) and Indocynanine Green (ICG), which exhibit distinctly different lifetimes and each exhibits single-exponential decay kinetics, were employed. Measurements of phase-modulation as a function of modulation frequency were made at varying concentration ratios of the two dyes to experimentally simulate fluorescence multi-exponential decay kinetics in non-scattering and scattering solutions. The results suggest that frequency-domain measurements of fluorescent decay kinetics along with models of light propagation may be enhanced by scatter in order to probe kinetics more sensitively than in non-scattering solutions. The next study involved fluorescence lifetime sensing in scattering and non-scattering solutions with a pH sensitive dye, Carboxy Seminaphthofluorescein-1 (C-SNAFL-1), which is known to exhibit multi-exponential decay kinetics. The results demonstrate accurate pH sensing in scattering solution via fluorescence kinetics using a simplified propagation model incorporating an average lifetime. Finally, fluorescence lifetime sensing in immobilized systems were investigated. C-SNAFL-1 was immobilized in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles that were immersed in buffered polystyrene solutions. The results demonstrate the ability to perform pH sensing with fluorescence lifetime without the confounding effect of fluorophore loading or the use of 'reference' measurement within multiply scattering systems. In addition, the stability of the immobilized fluorescence sensor and the reliability of fluorescence lifetime measurement verify the prospect of this technology for implantable purposes.
Kuwana, Eddy
Wafer Preparation and Iodine-Ethanol Passivation Procedure for Reproducible Minority-Carrier Lifetime Measurement (Poster)
Measurement of the bulk minority-carrier lifetime (T{sub b}) by optical methods, such as photocurrent decay or quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC), is strongly influenced by surface recombination. Several techniques are known to lower the effective surface recombination velocity, including the following: use of oxidation, floating N/P junction, SiN:H layer, HF immersion, and use of iodine in ethanol or methanol (I-E solution). Using I-E appears to be very simple and does not require any high-temperature treatment such as oxidation, diffusion, or nitridation processes, which can change T{sub b}. However, this is not a preferred procedure within the photovoltaic community because it is difficult to obtain same T{sub b} values reproducibly, particularly when the wafer lifetime is long. The objectives are: (1) Investigate various reasons why lifetime measurements may be irreproducible using I-E solution passivation. (2) Study the influence of the strength of iodine in the ethanol solution, wafer-cleaning procedures, influence of the wafer container during lifetime measurements, and the stability of I-E. (3) Compare lifetimes of wafers (having different T{sub b}) by various techniques such as QSSPC and transient photoconductive decay using short laser pulses of different light intensity; (4) Make minority-carrier diffusion length (L) measurements by a surface photovoltage technique, and to use T{sub b} and L data to determine diffusivity (D) values for various impurity and defect concentrations, using the relationship L{sup 2} = D* T{sub b}.
Sopori, B.; Rupnowski, P.; Appel, J.; Mehta, V.; Li, C.; Johnston, S.
Wafer Preparation and Iodine-Ethanol-Ethanol Passivation Procedure for Reproducible Minority-Carrier Lifetime Measurement: Preprint
This paper describes reasons that lifetime measurments may be irreproducible using iodine-in-ethanol (I-E) passivation. Possible factors include the strength of the iodine in ethanol solution, wafer cleaning procedures, influence of wafer container during lifetime measurement, and stability of I-E.
Benefits of quantile regression for the analysis of customer lifetime value in a contractual setting: An application in financial services
The move towards a customer-centred approach to marketing, coupled with the increasing availability of customer transaction data, has led to an interest in understanding and estimating customer lifetime value (CLV). Several authors point out that, when ... Keywords: Customer lifetime value, Customer relationship management (CRM), Customer segmentation, Database marketing, Prediction interval, Quantile regression
Dries F. Benoit; Dirk Van den Poel
Materials Lifetime
Tel: (765) 456-6218. E-mail: email@example.com. E-mail: email@example.com. Fax: (765) 456-6925. Email:email@example.com. Dr. R. P. Wei. Dr. D. G. Harlow.
Finding the Energy-Momentum Relationship       In classical physics, we can say that if we hold potential energy to be zero, then the total energy of an object...
Project Contact: Thomas Jordan - email@example.com Web Maintainer: firstname.lastname@example.com Last Update: April 13, 2001 http:quarknet.fnal.govrun2transverse...
the beam pipe (2.5 cm)? References Assignments: Identifying B Project Contact: Thomas Jordan - email@example.com Web Maintainer: firstname.lastname@example.com Last Update: January 10,...
Spontaneous fission lifetimes from the minimization of self-consistent collective action
The spontaneous fission lifetime of 264Fm has been studied within nuclear density functional theory by minimizing the collective action integral for fission in a two-dimensional quadrupole collective space representing elongation and triaxiality. The collective potential and inertia tensor are obtained self-consistently using the Skyrme energy density functional and density-dependent pairing interaction. The resulting spontaneous fission lifetimes are compared with the static result obtained with the minimum-energy pathway. We show that fission pathways strongly depend on assumptions underlying collective inertia. With the non-perturbative mass parameters, the dynamic fission pathway becomes strongly triaxial and it approaches the static fission valley. On the other hand, when the standard perturbative cranking inertia tensor is used, axial symmetry is restored along the path to fission; an effect that is an artifact of the approximation used.
Jhilam Sadhukhan; K. Mazurek; A. Baran; J. Dobaczewski; W. Nazarewicz; J. A. Sheikh
History-based, online, battery lifetime prediction for embedded and mobile devices
This paper presents a novel, history-based, statistical technique for online battery lifetime prediction. The approach first takes a one-time, full cycle, voltage measurement of a constant load, and uses it to transform the partial voltage curve of the current workload into a form with robust predictability. Based on the transformed history curve, we apply a statistical method to make a lifetime prediction. We investigate the performance of the implementation of our approach on a widely used mobile device (HP iPAQ) running Linux, and compare it to two similar battery prediction technologies: ACPI and Smart Battery. We employ twenty-two constant and variable workloads to verify the efficacy of our approach. Our results show that this approach is efficient, accurate, and able to adapt to different systems and batteries easily. 1
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over thousands of cycles, limited by slow electrochemical processes, such as the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the negative electrode, which compete with reversible lithium intercalation. Focusing on SEI growth as the canonical degradation mechanism, we show that a simple single-particle model can accurately explain experimentally observed capacity fade in commercial cells with graphite anodes, and predict future fade based on limited accelerated aging data for short times and elevated temperatures. The theory is extended to porous electrodes, predicting that SEI growth is essentially homogeneous throughout the electrode, even at high rates. The lifetime distribution for a sample of batteries is found to be consistent with Gaussian statistics, as predicted by th...
Pinson, Matthew B
Laser spectroscopy of the antiprotonic helium atom � its energy levels and state lifetimes
The antiprotonic atom is a three-body exotic system consisting of an antiproton, an electron and a helium nucleus. Its surprising longevity was found and has been studied for more than 10 years. In this work, transition energies and lifetimes of this exotic atom were systematically studied by using the antiproton beam of AD(Antiproton Decelerator) facility at CERN, with an RFQ antiproton decelerator, a narrow-bandwidth laser, Cerenkov counters with fast-response photomultiplier tubes, and cryogenic helium target systems. Thirteen transition energies were determined with precisions of better than 200 ppb by a laser spectroscopy method, together with the elimination of the shift effect caused by collisions with surrounding atoms. Fifteen lifetimes (decay rates) of short-lived states were determined from the time distributions of the antiproton-annihilation signals and the resonance widths of the atomic spectral lines. The relation between the magnitude of the decay rates and the transition multipolarity was inv...
Hidetoshi, Yamaguchi
Phosphazene Based Additives for Improvement of Safety and Battery Lifetimes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
There need to be significant improvements made in lithium-ion battery technology, principally in the areas of safety and useful lifetimes to truly enable widespread adoption of large format batteries for the electrification of the light transportation fleet. In order to effect the transition to lithium ion technology in a timely fashion, one promising next step is through improvements to the electrolyte in the form of novel additives that simultaneously improve safety and useful lifetimes without impairing performance characteristics over wide temperature and cycle duty ranges. Recent efforts in our laboratory have been focused on the development of such additives with all the requisite properties enumerated above. We present the results of the study of novel phosphazene based electrolytes additives.
Mason K Harrup; Kevin L Gering; Harry W Rollins; Sergiy V Sazhin; Michael T Benson; David K Jamison; Christopher J Michelbacher
Renewals for exponentially increasing lifetimes, with an application to digital search trees
We show that the number of renewals up to time $t$ exhibits distributional fluctuations as $t\\to\\infty$ if the underlying lifetimes increase at an exponential rate in a distributional sense. This provides a probabilistic explanation for the asymptotics of insertion depth in random trees generated by a bit-comparison strategy from uniform input; we also obtain a representation for the resulting family of limit laws along subsequences. Our approach can also be used to obtain rates of convergence.
Dennert, Florian
Quasi-particle Lifetimes in a dx2?y2 Superconductor
We consider the lifetime of quasi-particles in a d-wave superconductor due to scattering from antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuations, and explicitly separate the contribution from Umklapp processes which determines the electrical conductivity. Results for the temperature dependence of the total scattering rate and the Umklapp scattering rate are compared with relaxation rates obtained from thermal and microwave conductivity measurements, respectively. Typeset using REVTEX
Daniel Duffy; P. J. Hirschfeld; Douglas J. Scalapino
Spontaneous fission modes and lifetimes of super-heavy elements in the nuclear density functional theory
Lifetimes of super-heavy (SH) nuclei are primarily governed by alpha decay and spontaneous fission (SF). Here we study the competing decay modes of even-even SH isotopes with 108 cold fusion" and "hot fusion" reactions. The region of long-lived SH nuclei is expected to be centered on $^{294}$Ds with a total half-life of ?1.5 days.
A. Staszczak; A. Baran; W. Nazarewicz
Lifetime of oil drops pressed by buoyancy against a planar interface: Large drops
In a previous report [10] it was shown that emulsion stability simulations are able to reproduce the lifetime of micrometer-size drops of hexadecane pressed by buoyancy against a planar water-hexadecane interface. It was confirmed that small drops (rioil stabilized with bovine serum albumin. The potential obtained is then employed to study the lifetime of deformable drops in the range 10 \\leq ri \\leq 1000 {\\mu}m. It is established that the average lifetime of these drops can be adequately replicated using the model of truncated spheres. However, the results depend sensibly on the expressions of the initial distance of deformation and the maximum film radius used in the calculations. The set of equations adequate for large drops is not satisfactory for medium-size drops (10 \\leq ri \\leq 100 {\\mu}m), and vice versa. In the case of large particles, the increase in the interfacial area as a consequence of the deformation of the drops generates a very large repulsive barrier which opposes coalescence. Nevertheless, the buoyancy force prevails. As a consequence, it is the hydrodynamic tensor of the drops which determine the characteristic behavior of the lifetime as a function of the particle size. While the average values of the coalescence time of the drops can be justified by the mechanism of film thinning, the scattering of the experimental data of large drops cannot be rationalized using the methodology previously described. A possible explanation of this phenomenon required elaborate simulations which combine deformable drops, capillary waves, repulsive interaction forces, and a time-dependent surfactant adsorption.
Clara Rojas; M�ximo Garc�a-Sucre; Germ�n Urbina-Villalba
Comparison of Accelerated Testing with Modeling to Predict Lifetime of CPV Solder Layers (Presentation)
Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) cell assemblies can fail due to thermomechanical fatigue in the die-attach layer. In this presentation, we show the latest results from our computational model of thermomechanical fatigue. The model is used to estimate the relative lifetime of cell assemblies exposed to various temperature histories consistent with service and with accelerated testing. We also present early results from thermal cycling experiments designed to help validate the computational model.
Silverman, T. J.; Bosco, N.; Kurtz, S.
Excitation energies, polarizabilities, multipole transition rates, and lifetimes of ions along the francium isoelectronic sequence
Relativistic many-body perturbation theory is applied to study properties of ions of the francium isoelectronic sequence. Specifically, energies of the 7s, 7p, 6d, and 5f states of Fr-like ions with nuclear charges Z = 87 - 100 are calculated through third order; reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for 7s - 7p, 7p - 6d, and 6d - 5f electric-dipole transitions; and 7s - 6d, 7s - 5f, and 5f_5/2 - 5f_7/2 multipole matrix elements are evaluated to obtain the lifetimes of low-lying excited states. Moreover, for the ions Z = 87 - 92 calculations are also carried out using the relativistic all-order single-double method, in which single and double excitations of Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders in perturbation theory. With the aid of the SD wave functions, we obtain accurate values of energies, transition rates, oscillator strengths, and the lifetimes of these six ions. Ground state scalar polarizabilities in Fr I, Ra II, Ac III, and Th IV...
Safronova, U I; Safronova, M S
Measurement of D0 lifetime with the BaBar detector
This work is the result of the researchers carried out during a three years Ph.D. period in the BABAR experiment. The first chapter consists in an introduction to the theoretical aspects of the D{sup 0} meson lifetime determination and CP violation parameters, as well as an overview of the CP violation in the B sector, which is the main topic of the experiment. The description of the experimental apparatus follows with particular attention to the Silicon Vertex Tracker detector, the most critical detector for the determination of decay vertices and thus of lifetimes and time dependent CP violation asymmetries. In the fourth chapter the operation and running of the vertex detector is described, as a result from the experience as Operation Manager of the SVT, with particular attention to the safety of the device and the data quality assurance. The last chapter is dedicated to the determination of the D{sup 0} meson lifetime with the BABAR detector, which is the main data analysis carried out by the candidate. The analysis is characterized by the selection of an extremely pure sample of D{sup 0} mesons for which the decay flight length and proper time is reconstructed. The description of the unbinned maximum likelihood fit follows, as well as the discussion of the possible sources of systematic uncertainties. In the appendix is also presented a preliminary study of a possible development regarding the determination of mixing and CP violation parameters for the D{sup 0} meson.
Simi, Gabriele; /Pisa U. /SLAC
Source fabrication and lifetime for Li{sup +} ion beams extracted from alumino-silicate sources
A space-charge-limited beam with current densities (J) exceeding 1 mA/cm{sup 2} have been measured from lithium alumino-silicate ion sources at a temperature of {approx}1275 deg. C. At higher extraction voltages, the source appears to become emission limited with J{>=} 1.5 mA/cm{sup 2}, and J increases weakly with the applied voltage. A 6.35 mm diameter source with an alumino-silicate coating, {<=}0.25 mm thick, has a measured lifetime of {approx}40 h at {approx}1275 deg. C, when pulsed at 0.05 Hz and with pulse length of {approx}6 {mu}s each. At this rate, the source lifetime was independent of the actual beam charge extracted due to the loss of neutral atoms at high temperature. The source lifetime increases with the amount of alumino-silicate coated on the emitting surface, and may also be further extended if the temperature is reduced between pulses.
Roy, Prabir K.; Greenway, Wayne G.; Kwan, Joe W. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Source fabrication and lifetime for Li+ ion beams extracted from alumino-silicate sources
A space-charge-limited beam with current densities (J) exceeding 1 mA/cm{sup 2} have been measured from lithium alumino-silicate ion sources at a temperature of #24;~1275#14;{degrees} C. At higher extraction voltages, the source appears to become emission limited with J #21;{>=} 1.5 mA/cm{sup 2}, and J increases weakly with the applied voltage. A 6.35 mm diameter source with an alumino-silicate coating, {<=}#20;0.25 mm thick, has a measured lifetime of ~#24;40 hours at ~#24;1275#14;{degrees} C, when pulsed at 0.05 Hz and with pulse length of #24;~6 ?s each. At this rate, the source lifetime was independent of the actual beam charge extracted due to the loss of neutral atoms at high temperature. The source lifetime increases with the amount of alumino-silicate coated on the emitting surface, and may also be further extended if the temperature is reduced between pulses.
Roy, Prabir K.; Greenway, Wayne G.; Kwan, Joe W
A space-charge-limited beam with current densities (J) exceeding 1 mA/cm{sup 2} have been measured from lithium alumino-silicate ion sources at a temperature of #24;~1275#14;{degrees} C. At higher extraction voltages, the source appears to become emission limited with J #21;{>=} 1.5 mA/cm{sup 2}, and J increases weakly with the applied voltage. A 6.35 mm diameter source with an alumino-silicate coating, {<=}#20;0.25 mm thick, has a measured lifetime of ~#24;40 hours at ~#24;1275#14;{degrees} C, when pulsed at 0.05 Hz and with pulse length of #24;~6 μs each. At this rate, the source lifetime was independent of the actual beam charge extracted due to the loss of neutral atoms at high temperature. The source lifetime increases with the amount of alumino-silicate coated on the emitting surface, and may also be further extended if the temperature is reduced between pulses.
Macroparticle simulations of antiproton lifetime at 150 GeV in the te vatron
In this paper we report on a systematic study of antiproton lifetime at the injection energy of 150 GeV in the Tevatron. Our parallel beam-beam model can handle both strong-strong and weak-strong beam-beam collisions with arbitrary beam-beam separation and beam distributions. In this study, we have only used the weak-strong capability due to the fact that the antiproton intensity is much smaller than the proton intensity. We have included all 72 long-range beam-beam collisions with a linear transfer map between adjacent collision points and taken into account linear chromaticity. The effects of antiproton emittance, beam-beam separation, proton intensity, and machine chromaticity have been investigated. Initial results show that the antiproton lifetime as a function of the proton intensity from the simulation is in good agreement with that from the experimental measurements. The antiproton lifetime can be significantly improved by increasing the beam separation and by reducing the antiproton emittance.
Qiang, Ji; Ryne, Robert D.; Sen, Tanaji; Xiao, Meiqin
Ensure Long Lifetimes from Electrolytic Capacitors: a Case Study in LED Light Bulbs
Abstract: Electrolytic capacitors are notorious for short lifetimes in high-temperature applications such as LED light bulbs. The careful selection of these devices with proper interpretation of their specifications is essential to ensure that they do not compromise the life of the end product. This application note discusses this problem with electrolytic capacitors in LED light bulbs and provides an analysis that shows how it is possible to use electrolytics in such products. A similar version of this article appeared on EDN, April 6, 2013. Hot LEDs and Short-Lived Electrolytic Capacitors Several years ago, I worked on a few designs for LED light bulbs. Very early on, it became clear that the temperatures of components in such light bulbs can get quite high. I personally measured component temperatures as high as +130�C in light bulbs purchased at local retail stores. Now admittedly, these were early LED bulb designs. Manufacturers now understand that, even though these LED bulbs consume substantially lower power than those they would replace, they still must have good thermal engineering. This is the only way to get the lifetime of the electronics to match the lifetime of the LEDs themselves. I found it disturbing that many of these hot designs contained electrolytic capacitors, which are notorious
Mark Fortunato; Senior Principal; Member Technical Staff
Precision Measurements of Atomic Lifetimes and Hyperfine Energies in Alkali Like Systems
Financial support of this research project has lead to advances in the study of atomic structure through precision measurements of atomic lifetimes, energy splittings, and transitions energies. The interpretation of data from many areas of physics and chemistry requires an accurate understanding of atomic structure. For example, scientists in the fields of astrophysics, geophysics, and plasma fusion depend on transition strengths to determine the relative abundances of elements. Assessing the operation of discharges and atomic resonance line filters also depends on accurate knowledge of transition strengths. Often relative transition strengths are measured precisely, but accurate atomic lifetimes are needed to obtain absolute values. Precision measurements of atomic lifetimes and energy splittings also provide fundamentally important atomic structure information. Lifetimes of allowed transitions depend most strongly on the electronic wave function far from the nucleus. Alternatively, hyperfine splittings give important information about the electronic wave function in the vicinity of the nucleus as well as the structure of the nucleus. Our main focus throughout this project has been the structure of atomic cesium because of its connection to the study of atomic parity nonconservation (PNC). The interpretation of atomic PNC experiments in terms of weak interaction coupling constants requires accurate knowledge of the electronic wave function near the nucleus as well as far from the nucleus. It is possible to address some of these needs theoretically with sophisticated many-electron atomic structure calculations. However, this program has been able to address these needs experimentally with a precision that surpasses current theoretical accuracy. Our measurements also play the important role of providing a means for testing the accuracy of many-electron calculations and guiding further theoretical development, Atomic systems such as cesium, with a single electron outside of a closed shell, provide the simplest open shell systems for detailed comparisons between experiment and theory. This program initially focused on measurements of excited state atomic lifetimes in alkali atomic systems. Our first measurements of atomic lifetimes in cesium surpassed the precision and accuracy of previous measurements and sparked renewed interest in the need for greater precision in lifetime measurements throughout the atomic physics community. After enhancing the capabilities of the laser systems built for these initial measurements, we began a study hyperfine energy splittings in cesium using a thermal atomic beam. The results surpassed previous measurements by more than an order of magnitude and lead to the first observation of the nuclear magnetic octupole moment in cesium demonstrating the inadequacy of the nuclear shell model for predicting high order nuclear moments. The laser system and atomic beam apparatus developed for these endeavors turned out to be perfectly suited for exploring the possibility of making absolute optical frequency measurements of atomic transitions. We initiated collaboration with researchers at NIST so that the desired optical frequencies could be reference with respect to the primary microwave frequency standard (Cs atomic fountain NIST-FI) via a femtosecond laser frequency comb. Our first absolute optical frequency measurement, of the cesium D2 line, surpassed the accuracy of a previous measurement by more than an order of magnitude. An absolute optical frequency measurement of the cesium D1 line, now near completion, also surpasses previous results and places us in a position to be able to report a new value for the fine structure constant which is the fundamental dimensionless constant that underlies all electromagnetic interactions.
Tanner, Carol E.
Lifetime Response of a Hi-Nicalon Fiber-Reinforced Melt-Infiltrated SiC Matrix Composites
Lifetime studies in four-point flexure were performed on a Hi-NicalonTM fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composite over a temperature range of 700 degrees to 1150 degrees C in air. The composite consisted of ~40 vol. % Hi-NicalonTM fiber (8-harness weave) with a 0.5 Mu-m BN fiber coating and a melt-infiltration SiC matrix wand was tested with as-machined surfaces. Lifetime results indicated that the composite exhibited a stress-dependent lifetime at stress levels above an apparent fatigue limit, similar to the trend observed in CG-NicalonTM fiber reinforced CVI SiC matrix composites. At less than or equal to 950 degrees C, the lifetimes of Hi-Nicalon/MI SiC composites decreased with increasing applied stress level and test temperature. However, the lifetimes were extended as test temperature increased from 950 degees to 1150 degrees C as a result of surface crack sealing due to glass formation by the oxidation of Mi SiC matrix. The lifetime governing processes were, in general, attributed to the progressive oxidation of BN fiber coating and formation of glassy phase, which formed a strong bond between fiber and matrix, resulting in embrittlement of the composite with time.
Becher, P.F.; Lin, H.T.; Singh, M.
Quasars Are Not Light-Bulbs: Testing Models of Quasar Lifetimes with the Observed Eddington Ratio Distribution
We use the observed distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of supermassive black hole (BH) mass to constrain models of AGN lifetimes and lightcurves. Given the observed AGN luminosity function, a model for AGN lifetimes (time above a given luminosity) translates directly to a predicted Eddington ratio distribution. Models for self-regulated BH growth, in which feedback produces a 'blowout' decay phase after some peak luminosity (shutting down accretion) make specific predictions for the lifetimes distinct from those expected if AGN are simply gas starved (without feedback) and very different from simple phenomenological 'light bulb' models. Present observations of the Eddington ratio distribution, spanning 5 decades in Eddington ratio, 3 in BH mass, and redshifts z=0-1, agree with the predictions of self-regulated models, and rule out 'light-bulb', pure exponential, and gas starvation models at high significance. We compare the Eddington ratio distributions at fixed BH mass and fixed luminosity (both are consistent, but the latter are much less constraining). We present empirical fits to the lifetime distribution and show how the Eddington ratio distributions place tight limits on AGN lifetimes at various luminosities. We use this to constrain the shape of the typical AGN lightcurve, and provide simple analytic fits. Given independent constraints on episodic lifetimes, most local BHs must have gained their mass in no more than a couple of bright episodes, in agreement with merger-driven fueling models.
Philip F. Hopkins; Lars Hernquist
Lifetimes of electronic excitations in unoccupied surface states and the image potential states on Pd(110)
The contribution of inelastic electron-electron scattering to the decay rate of excitations in the surface states and first two image potential states at the Y-bar point on the surface is calculated in the GW approximation, and the quasi-momentum dependence of the corresponding contribution for the surface states is analyzed. The mechanisms of electron scattering in these states are studied, and the temperature dependence of the excitation lifetime is analyzed with allowance for the contribution of the electron-phonon interaction calculated earlier.
Tsirkin, S. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Eremeev, S. V. [Tomsk State University (Russian Federation); Chulkov, E. V. [San Sebastian/Donostia, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) (Spain)
Measurement of the effective $B^0_s \\rightarrow K^+K^-$ lifetime
A measurement of the effective $B^0_s \\rightarrow K^+K^-$ lifetime is presented using approximately $37 pb^{-1}$ of data collected by LHCb during 2010. This quantity can be used to put constraints on contributions from processes beyond the Standard Model in the $B_s$ meson system and is determined by two complementary approaches as $\\tau_{B_s\\to K^+K^-} = 1.440 \\pm 0.096 (stat) \\pm 0.008 (syst) \\pm 0.003 (model) ps$.
Aaij, R; Adeva, B; Adinolfi, M; Adrover, C; Affolder, A; Ajaltouni, Z; Albrecht, J; Alessio, F; Alexander, M; Alkhazov, G; Alvarez Cartelle, P; Alves, A A; Amato, S; Amhis, Y; Anderson, J; Appleby, R B; Aquines Gutierrez, O; Archilli, F; Arrabito, L; Artamonov, A; Artuso, M; Aslanides, E; Auriemma, G; Bachmann, S; Back, J J; Bailey, D S; Balagura, V; Baldini, W; Barlow, R J; Barschel, C; Barsuk, S; Barter, W; Bates, A; Bauer, C; Bauer, Th; Bay, A; Bediaga, I; Belogurov, S; Belous, K; Belyaev, I; Ben-Haim, E; Benayoun, M; Bencivenni, G; Benson, S; Benton, J; Bernet, R; Bettler, M-O; van Beuzekom, M; Bien, A; Bifani, S; Bizzeti, A; Bj�rnstad, P M; Blake, T; Blanc, F; Blanks, C; Blouw, J; Blusk, S; Bobrov, A; Bocci, V; Bondar, A; Bondar, N; Bonivento, W; Borghi, S; Borgia, A; Bowcock, T J V; Bozzi, C; Brambach, T; van den Brand, J; Bressieux, J; Brett, D; Brisbane, S; Britsch, M; Britton, T; Brook, N H; Brown, H; B�chler-Germann, A; Burducea, I; Bursche, A; Buytaert, J; Cadeddu, S; Caicedo Carvajal, J M; Callot, O; Calvi, M; Calvo Gomez, M; Camboni, A; Campana, P; Carbone, A; Carboni, G; Cardinale, R; Cardini, A; Carson, L; Carvalho Akiba, K; Casse, G; Cattaneo, M; Charles, M; Charpentier, Ph; Chiapolini, N; Ciba, K; Cid Vidal, X; Ciezarek, G; Clarke, P E L; Clemencic, M; Cliff, H V; Closier, J; Coca, C; Coco, V; Cogan, J; Collins, P; Comerma-Montells, A; Constantin, F; Conti, G; Contu, A; Cook, A; Coombes, M; Corti, G; Cowan, G A; Currie, R; D'Almagne, B; D'Ambrosio, C; David, P; De Bonis, I; De Capua, S; De Cian, M; De Lorenzi, F; De Miranda, J M; De Paula, L; De Simone, P; Decamp, D; Deckenhoff, M; Degaudenzi, H; Deissenroth, M; Del Buono, L; Deplano, C; Derkach, D; Deschamps, O; Dettori, F; Dickens, J; Dijkstra, H; Diniz Batista, P; Domingo Bonal, F; Donleavy, S; Dordei, F; Dosil Su�rez, A; Dossett, D; Dovbnya, A; Dupertuis, F; Dzhelyadin, R; Dziurda, A; Easo, S; Egede, U; Egorychev, V; Eidelman, S; van Eijk, D; Eisele, F; Eisenhardt, S; Ekelhof, R; Eklund, L; Elsasser, Ch; d'Enterria, D G; Esperante Pereira, D; Est�ve, L; Falabella, A; Fanchini, E; F�rber, C; Fardell, G; Farinelli, C; Farry, S; Fave, V; Fernandez Albor, V; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Filippov, S; Fitzpatrick, C; Fontana, M; Fontanelli, F; Forty, R; Frank, M; Frei, C; Frosini, M; Furcas, S; Gallas Torreira, A; Galli, D; Gandelman, M; Gandini, P; Gao, Y; Garnier, J-C; Garofoli, J; Garra Tico, J; Garrido, L; Gascon, D; Gaspar, C; Gauvin, N; Gersabeck, M; Gershon, T; Ghez, Ph; Gibson, V; Gligorov, V V; G�bel, C; Golubkov, D; Golutvin, A; Gomes, A; Gordon, H; Grabalosa G�ndara, M; Graciani Diaz, R; Granado Cardoso, L A; Graug�s, E; Graziani, G; Grecu, A; Greening, E; Gregson, S; Gui, B; Gushchin, E; Guz, Yu; Gys, T; Haefeli, G; Haen, C; Haines, S C; Hampson, T; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harji, R; Harnew, N; Harrison, J; Harrison, P F; He, J; Heijne, V; Hennessy, K; Henrard, P; Hernando Morata, J A; van Herwijnen, E; Hicks, E; Holubyev, K; Hopchev, P; Hulsbergen, W; Hunt, P; Huse, T; Huston, R S; Hutchcroft, D; Hynds, D; Iakovenko, V; Ilten, P; Imong, J; Jacobsson, R; Jaeger, A; Jahjah Hussein, M; Jans, E; Jansen, F; Jaton, P; Jean-Marie, B; Jing, F; John, M; Johnson, D; Jones, C R; Jost, B; Kaballo, M; Kandybei, S; Karacson, M; Karbach, T M; Keaveney, J; Kerzel, U; Ketel, T; Keune, A; Khanji, B; Kim, Y M; Knecht, M; Koblitz, S; Koppenburg, P; Kozlinskiy, A; Kravchuk, L; Kreplin, K; Kreps, M; Krocker, G; Krokovny, P; Kruse, F; Kruzelecki, K; Kucharczyk, M; Kumar, R; Kvaratskheliya, T; La Thi, V N; Lacarrere, D; Lafferty, G; Lai, A; Lambert, D; Lambert, R W; Lanciotti, E; Lanfranchi, G; Langenbruch, C; Latham, T; Le Gac, R; van Leerdam, J; Lees, J-P; Lef�vre, R; Leflat, A; Lefran�ois, J; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Li, L; Li Gioi, L; Lieng, M; Liles, M; Lindner, R; Linn, C; Liu, B; Liu, G; Lopes, J H; Lopez Asamar, E; Lopez-March, N; Luisier, J; Machefert, F; Machikhiliyan, I V; Maciuc, F; Maev, O; Magnin, J; Malde, S; Mamunur, R M D; Manca, G; Mancinelli, G; Mangiafave, N; Marconi, U; M�rki, R; Marks, J; Martellotti, G; Martens, A; Martin, L; Martin S�nchez, A; Martinez Santos, D; Massafferri, A; Mathe, Z; Matteuzzi, C; Matveev, M; Maurice, E; Maynard, B; Mazurov, A; McGregor, G; McNulty, R; Mclean, C; Meissner, M; Merk, M; Merkel, J; Messi, R; Miglioranzi, S; Milanes, D A; Minard, M-N; Monteil, S; Moran, D; Morawski, P; Mountain, R; Mous, I; Muheim, F; M�ller, K; Muresan, R; Muryn, B; Musy, M; Mylroie-Smith, J; Naik, P; Nakada, T; Nandakumar, R; Nardulli, J; Nasteva, I; Nedos, M; Needham, M; Neufeld, N; Nguyen-Mau, C; Nicol, M; Nies, S; Niess, V; Nikitin, N; Nomerotski, A; Novoselov, A; Oblakowska-Mucha, A; Obraztsov, V; Oggero, S; Ogilvy, S; Okhrimenko, O; Oldeman, R; Orlandea, M; Otalora Goicochea, J M; Owen, P; Pal, K; Palacios, J; Palano, A; Palutan, M; Panman, J; Papanestis, A; Pappagallo, M; Parkes, C
Photo-degradation of Lexan polycarbonate studied using positron lifetime spectroscopy
The free volume properties of pristine and UV irradiated Lexan polycarbonate have been investigated using Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy (PLS). The decrease in o-Ps life time and free volume size of irradiated sample is attributed to free volume modification and formation of more stable free radicals. These free radicals are formed due to the breakage of C-O bonds in Lexan polycarbonate after irradiation. This is also supported by the decrease in the intensity of C-O bond after exposure to UV-radiation as studied from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and it also shows that benzene ring does not undergo any changes after irradiation.
Hareesh, K.; Sanjeev, Ganesh [Microtron Centre, Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199 (India); Pandey, A. K. [Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085 (India); Meghala, D.; Ranganathaiah, C. [Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri-570006 (India)
Use of silicide fuel in the Ford Nuclear Reactor - to lengthen fuel element lifetimes
Based on economic considerations, it has been proposed to increase the lifetime of LEU fuel elements in the Ford Nuclear Reactor by raising the {sup 235}U plate loading from 9.3 grams in aluminide (UAl{sub x}) fuel to 12.5 grams in silicide (U{sub 3}Si{sub 2}) fuel. For a representative core configuration, preliminary neutronic depletion and steady state thermal hydraulic calculations have been performed to investigate core characteristics during the transition from an all-aluminide to an all-silicide core. This paper discusses motivations for this fuel element upgrade, results from the calculations, and conclusions.
Bretscher, M.M.; Snelgrove, J.L. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Burn, R.R.; Lee, J.C. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Phoenix Memorial Lab.
Excitation energies, polarizabilities, multipole transition rates, and lifetimes in Th IV
Excitation energies of the ns_{1/2} (n=7-10), np_j (n=7-9), nd_j (n=6-8), nf_{j} (n=5-7), and ng_{j} (n=5-6) states in Th IV are evaluated. First-, second-, third-, and all-order Coulomb energies and first- and second-order Coulomb-Breit energies are calculated. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for the 96 possible nl_j-n'l'_j' electric-dipole transitions. Multipole matrix elements (7s_{1/2}-6d_j, 7s_{1/2}-5f_j, and 5f_{5/2}-5f_{7/2}) are evaluated to obtain the lifetimes of the $5f_{7/2}$ and 7s_{1/2}$ states. Matrix elements are calculated using both relativistic many-body perturbation theory, complete through third order, and a relativistic all-order method restricted to single and double (SD) excitations. Scalar and tensor polarizabilities for the 5f_{5/2} ground state in Th3+ are calculated using relativistic third-order and all-order methods. These calculations provide a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory.
Work at FNAL to achieve long electron drift lifetime in liquid argon
This note records some of the work done between July 2005 and July 2006 to achieve long (many milliseconds) electron drift lifetimes in liquid argon at Fermilab. The work is part of a process to develop some experience at Fermilab with the technology required to construct a large liquid argon TPC. This technology has been largely developed by the ICARUS collaboration in Europe and this process can be seen as technology transfer. The capability to produce liquid argon in which electrons have drift lifetimes of several milliseconds is crucial to a successful device. Liquid argon calorimeters have been successfully operated at Fermilab; their electro-negative contaminants are at the level of 10{sup -7} while the TPC we are considering requires a contamination level at the level of 10{sup -11}, tens of parts per trillion (ppt). As well as demonstrating the ability to produce liquid argon at this level of purity, the work is part of a program to test the effect on the electron drift time of candidate materials for the construction of a TPC in liquid argon.
Finley, D.; Jaskierny, W.; Kendziora, C.; Krider, J.; Pordes, S.; Rapidis, P.A.; Tope, T.; /Fermilab
Constraining cloud lifetime effects of aerosols using A-Train satellite observations
Aerosol indirect effects have remained the largest uncertainty in estimates of the radiative forcing of past and future climate change. Observational constraints on cloud lifetime effects are particularly challenging since it is difficult to separate aerosol effects from meteorological influences. Here we use three global climate models, including a multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF, to show that the dependence of the probability of precipitation on aerosol loading, termed the precipitation frequency susceptibility (S{sub pop}), is a good measure of the liquid water path response to aerosol perturbation ({lambda}), as both Spop and {lambda} strongly depend on the magnitude of autoconversion, a model representation of precipitation formation via collisions among cloud droplets. This provides a method to use satellite observations to constrain cloud lifetime effects in global climate models. S{sub pop} in marine clouds estimated from CloudSat, MODIS and AMSR-E observations is substantially lower than that from global climate models and suggests a liquid water path increase of less than 5% from doubled cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. This implies a substantially smaller impact on shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) over ocean due to aerosol indirect effects than simulated by current global climate models (a reduction by one-third for one of the conventional aerosol-climate models). Further work is needed to quantify the uncertainties in satellite-derived estimates of S{sub pop} and to examine S{sub pop} in high-resolution models.
Wang, Minghuai; Ghan, Steven J.; Liu, Xiaohong; Ecuyer, Tristan L.; Zhang, Kai; Morrison, H.; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Easter, Richard C.; Marchand, Roger; Chand, Duli; Qian, Yun; Penner, Joyce E.
Final Report on Work Performed Under Agreement
Solutia Performance Films, utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Buildings Technologies Program, completed research to develop, validate, and commercialize a range of cost-effective, low-emissivity energy-control retrofit window films with significantly improved emissivity over current technology. These films, sold under the EnerLogic� trade name, offer the energy-saving properties of modern low-e windows, with several advantages over replacement windows, such as: lower initial installation cost, a significantly lower product carbon footprint, and an ability to provide a much faster return on investment. EnerLogic� window films also offer significantly greater energy savings than previously available with window films with similar visible light transmissions. EnerLogic� window films offer these energy-saving advantages over other window films due to its ability to offer both summer cooling and winter heating savings. Unlike most window films, that produce savings only during the cooling season, EnerLogic� window film is an all-season, low-emissivity (low-e) film that produces both cooling and heating season savings. This paper will present technical information on the development hurdles as well as details regarding the following claims being made about EnerLogic� window film, which can be found at www.EnerLogicfilm.com: 1. Other window film technologies save energy. EnerLogic� window film's patent-pending coating delivers excellent energy efficiency in every season, so no other film can match its annual dollar or energy consumption savings. 2. EnerLogic� window film is a low-cost, high-return technology that compares favorably to other popular energy-saving measures both in terms of energy efficiency and cost savings. In fact, EnerLogic� window film typically outperforms most of the alternatives in terms of simple payback. 3. EnerLogic� window film provides unparalleled glass insulating capabilities for window film products. With its patent-pending low-e technology, EnerLogic� window film has the best insulating performance of any film product available. The insulating power of EnerLogic� window film gives single-pane windows the annual insulating performance of double-pane windows - and gives double-pane windows the annual insulating performance of triple-pane windows.
Application and modeling of frequency-domain lifetime spectroscopy for microsphere-based optical glucose sensors
A new glucose affinity sensor based on a homogeneous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay system was developed to monitor the competitive binding between concanavalin A (ConA) and dextran. The FRET quenching kinetics of the donor were analyzed from frequency-domain (FD) measurements as functions of both glucose and acceptor-protein concentrations using a F�rster-type decay kinetics model. The results showed that the FD measurements and donor decay kinetics can indicate quantitative changes in the presence of glucose at concentrations ranging from 0 to 224 mg/dL. The second set of experiments proved the feasibility of performing analyte sensing with FD lifetime spectroscopy using microsphere-based sensors in multiple scattering solutions. A well characterized pH-sensitive fluorophore was entrapped in poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres. The particles were then immersed in a buffered polystyrene solution of various pH. Measurements of phase shift and modulation of the generated and multiply scattered fluorescent light were acquired as the modulation frequency of the incident excitation light varied from 10 to 120 MHz. After the measured data were analyzed with the coupled diffusion equations, the obtained lifetimes from the scattering measurements matched values from non-scattering measurements. Lastly, a new two-speed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was developed to predict light propagation through the sensors and thus was used to evaluate these sensors and to design these sensors for implantation. The model used random packing structure and considered geometric optics and two light propagation speeds. Experimental measurements of phase-shift and modulation of excitation light were made on a cubic phantom with non-fluorescent resin microspheres of 74 �m diameter, and compared to those computed from the MC simulation. The results showed that the mean phase shift (PS) deviation was 0.736� and the mean amplitude deviation was 42%. Quantitative changes in detected fluorescence phase-shift and modulation were investigated for microsphere diameter, volume fraction, refractive index, and fluorophore lifetime. We also found that even though the sensitivity of PS change in the presence of scattering was the same as the value without scattering, the values of PS were magnified due to the scattering effects.
Liang, Feng
We use the observed distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of supermassive black hole (BH) mass to constrain models of AGN lifetimes and lightcurves. Given the observed AGN luminosity function, a model for AGN lifetimes (time above a given luminosity) translates directly to a predicted Eddington ratio distribution. Models for self-regulated BH growth, in which feedback produces a 'blowout' decay phase after some peak luminosity (shutting down accretion) make specific predictions for the lifetimes distinct from those expected if AGN are simply gas starved (without feedback) and very different from simple phenomenological 'light bulb' models. Present observations of the Eddington ratio distribution, spanning 5 decades in Eddington ratio, 3 in BH mass, and redshifts z=0-1, agree with the predictions of self-regulated models, and rule out 'light-bulb', pure exponential, and gas starvation models at high significance. We compare the Eddington ratio distributions at fixed BH mass and fixed luminosity (both ...
Hopkins, Philip F
Non-destructive evaluation was used as the primary method of monitoring the corrosion degradation of nuclear material dissolvers and assessing the remaining lifetimes. Materials were typically processed in nitric acid based (4-14M) solutions containing fluoride concentrations less than 0.2 M. The primary corrosion issue for the stainless steel dissolvers is the occurrence of localized corrosion near the tank bottom and the heat affected zones of the welds. Laboratory data for a range of operational conditions, including solution chemistry and temperature, was used to assess the impact of processing changes on the dissolver corrosion rate. Experimental and NDE-based general corrosion rates were found to be in reasonable agreement for standard dissolution chemistries consisting of nitric acid with fluorides and at temperatures less than 95 C. Greater differences were observed when chloride was present as an impurity and temperatures exceeded 100 C.
Mickalonis, J.; Woodsmall, T.; Hinz, W.; Edwards, T.
Theory and models of material erosion and lifetime during plasma instabilities in a tokamak environment.
Surface and structural damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) due to the frequent loss of plasma confinement remains a serious problem for the tokamak reactor concept. The deposited plasma energy causes significant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination. Surface damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials. Structural damage includes large temperature increases in structural materials and at the interfaces between surface coatings and structural members. To evaluate the lifetimes of plasma-facing materials and nearby components and to predict the various forms of damage that they experience, comprehensive models (contained in the HEIGHTS computer simulation package) are developed, integrated self-consistently, and enhanced. Splashing mechanisms such as bubble boiling and various liquid magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and brittle destruction mechanisms of nonmelting materials are being examined. The design requirements and implications of plasma-facing and nearby components are discussed, along with recommendations to mitigate and reduce the effects of plasma instabilities on reactor components.
Hassanein, A.; Konkashbaev, I.
Lifetime Measurement of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} State in {sup 20}C
Establishing how and when large N/Z values require modified or new theoretical tools is a major quest in nuclear physics. Here we report the first measurement of the lifetime of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state in the near-dripline nucleus {sup 20}C. The deduced value of {tau}{sub 2{sub 1}{sup +}}=9.8{+-}2.8(stat){sub -1.1}{sup +0.5}(syst) ps gives a reduced transition probability of B(E2;2{sub 1}{sup +}{yields}0{sub g.s.}{sup +})=7.5{sub -1.7}{sup +3.0}(stat){sub -0.4}{sup +1.0}(syst) e{sup 2} fm{sup 4} in good agreement with a shell model calculation using isospin-dependent effective charges.
Petri, M.; Fallon, P.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Paschalis, S.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Gros, S.; Jeppesen, H. B.; Lee, I. Y. [Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Starosta, K. [Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 (Canada); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Baugher, T.; Gade, A.; McDaniel, S.; Miller, D.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Voss, P.; Walsh, K. A. [National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Bazin, D.; Grinyer, G. F.; Weisshaar, D. [National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States)
This paper addresses the thermal-mechanical properties and performance characteristics of full tension splice connectors under high temperature operation, in particular those used in overhead transmission and distribution lines. Due to the increase in power demand existing overhead power transmission lines often need to operate at temperatures higher than those originally considered for their design. This has led to the accelerated aging and degradation of splice connectors. The compressive residual stresses induced by the crimping process within the splice connector provide the clamping forces to secure the conductor and therefore, the determination of the state of compressive residual stresses in splice connectors is a necessary requirement to provide an accurate estimate of their service lifetime. This paper presents a protocol for integrating analytical and experimental approaches to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector assembly.
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL; Lara-Curzio, Edgar [ORNL; King Jr, Thomas J [ORNL; An, Ke [ORNL; Hubbard, Camden R [ORNL
Norwegian National Program for Lifetime Commissioning and Energy Efficient Operation of Buildings
The project �Life-Time Commissioning for Energy Efficient Operation of Buildings� is actually a network of industrial companies, private and public entities, and R&D organizations. The overall objective of the project is to contribute to the implementation of life-long commissioning of building HVAC systems, so that this becomes a standardized way of building, operating and maintaining the HVAC systems in Norway. The project is organized as an industry research program with minimum duration of five years. Project members pay an annual membership fee. The main goal for the project is to develop, verify, document and implement suitable tools for functional control of energy and indoor environment in buildings under continuous operation during the entire operational life of the building. This will improve energy efficiency and ensure a rational use of energy and a sound indoor environment. All achievements concerning energy improvement will also contribute to the decrease of CO2 emissions.
Novakovic, V.; Djuric, N.; Holst, J.; Frydenlund, F.
An overview of the United States Department of Energy plant lifetime improvement program
Today, 109 nuclear power plants provide over 20 percent of the electrical energy generated in the US. The operating license of the first of these plants will expire in the year 2000; one third of the operating licenses will expire by 2010 and the remaining plant licenses are scheduled to expire by 2033. The National Energy Strategy assumes that 70 percent of these plants will continue to operate beyond their current license expiration to assist in ensuring an adequate, diverse, and environmentally acceptable energy supply for economic growth. In order to preserve this energy resource in the US three major tasks must be successfully completed: (1) establishment of the regulations, technical standards, and procedures for the preparation and review of a license renewal application; (2) development, verification, and validation of the various technical criteria and bases for needed monitoring, refurbishment, or replacement of plant equipment; and (3) demonstration of the regulatory process. Since 1985, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has been working with the nuclear industry and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to establish and demonstrate the option to extend the life of nuclear power plants through the renewal of operating licenses. This paper focuses primarily on DOE`s Plant Lifetime Improvement (PLIM) Program efforts to develop the technical criteria and bases for effective aging management and lifetime improvement for continued operation of nuclear power plants. This paper describes current projects to resolve generic technical issues, including degradation of long-lived components, reactor pressure vessel (RPV) embrittlement management approaches, and analytical methodologies to characterize RPV integrity.
Rosinski, S.T.; Clauss, J.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Harrison, D.L. [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
Information bias and lifetime mortality risks of radiation-induced cancer: Low LET radiation
Additive and multiplicative models of relative risk were used to measure the effect of cancer misclassification and DS86 random errors on lifetime risk projections in the Life Span Study (LSS) of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. The true number of cancer deaths in each stratum of the cancer mortality cross-classification was estimated using sufficient statistics from the EM algorithm. Average survivor doses in the strata were corrected for DS86 random error ({sigma}=0.45) by use of reduction factors. Poisson regression was used to model the corrected and uncorrected mortality rates with risks in RERF Report 11 (Part 2) and the BEIR-V Report. Bias due to DS86 random error typically ranged from {minus}15% to {minus}30% for both sexes, and all sites and models. The total bias, including diagnostic misclassification, of excess risk of nonleukemia for exposure to 1 Sv from age 18 to 65 under the non-constant relative project model was {minus}37.1% for males and {minus}23.3% for females. Total excess risks of leukemia under the relative projection model were biased {minus}27.1% for males and {minus}43.4% for females. Thus, nonleukemia risks for 1 Sv from ages 18 to 65 (DRREF=2) increased from 1.91%/Sv to 2.68%/Sv among males and from 3.23%/Sv to 4.92%/Sv among females. Leukemia excess risk increased from 0.87%/Sv to 1.10/Sv among males and from 0.73%/Sv to 1.04/Sv among females. Bias was dependent on the gender, site, correction method, exposure profile and projection model considered. Future studies that use LSS data for US nuclear workers may be downwardly biased if lifetime risk projections are not adjusted for random and systematic errors.
Peterson, L.E.; Schull, W.J.; Davis, B.R. [Texas Univ., Houston, TX (United States). Health Science Center; Buffler, P.A. [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). School of Public Health
REACTIVITY LIFETIME 5091.4-5806.1 EFPH. CORE I, SEED 1. Test Results T- 612118-B
The Shippingport Atomic Power Station was operated for 715 EFPH from Ang. 11 to Oct. 7, 1959, in order to determine the performance characteristics reliability, stability, and lifetime variation of the core during rated power operation for an extended period of time. The plant was operated at successively lower power levels of 60, 43, and 17 Mwe to extend the Core I, Seed 1 lifetime. Logs and tables are included which present the events and all recorded data in this period. (D.L.C.)
Evaluation of Lifetime of High Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-10-379
As a part of this joint work, Solarmer and NREL will investigate the lifetime and stability of Organic Photovoltaic Devices based on Solarmer high efficiency active layer materials.
Olson, D.
The Effects of a Hydrogen Environment on the Lifetime of Small-Diameter Drift Chamber Anode Wires
Possible deterioration of anode sense wires used in a hydrogen-filled neutron detector is investigated. Wires were loaded with free weights and put into a wire detector environment. Stainless Steel, Tungsten, and Platinum wires did not break after exposure to charge equivalent to many wire lifetimes. Furthermore, exposure to hydrogen gas caused no noticeable surface degradation or change in wire yield strength.
King, J; Smith, T; Kunkle, J; Castelaz, J; Thomson, S; Burstein, Z; Bernstein, A; Rosenberg, L; Hefner, M
Anodic dissolution characteristics and electrochemical migration lifetimes of Sn solder in NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions
In situ water drop tests and anodic polarization tests of pure Sn solder were carried out in deaerated 0.001% NaCl and Na"2SO"4 solutions to determine the correlation between anodic dissolution characteristics and the electrochemical migration lifetime. ... Keywords: Anodic dissolution, Electrochemical migration, Life time, Na2SO4, NaCl, Sn solder
Ja-Young Jung; Shin-Bok Lee; Young-Chang Joo; Ho-Young Lee; Young-Bae Park
Strength and Lifetime Analysis of SMT Solder Joints: An Exemplary Study of the MiniMELF Component
-linear three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis of the thermally loaded struc- ture. In the present case by using the CAD software I-DEAS [2]. To allow for a swift and reliable stress / strain analysis including626 Strength and Lifetime Analysis of SMT Solder Joints: An Exemplary Study of the Mini
Berlin,Technische Universität
Algorithm for equalization of cluster lifetimes in a multi-level Beacon enabled 802.15.4 sensor network
We consider the problem of maintaining the prescribed event sensing reliability while maximizing cluster and network lifetime in a multi-cluster 802.15.4 sensor network. Clusters are connected through bridges which also act as cluster coordinators; both ... Keywords: IEEE 802.15.4, Power management, Sensor networks
Jelena Mi�i?
Test for Modeling Windows in DOE 2.1E for Comparing the Window Library with the Shading Coefficient Method for a Single-Family Residence in Texas
This study examines the difference of the window simulation test between the Shading Coefficient (SC) and the Window Library (WL) Methods on DOE 2.1E of the 2000 IECC (International Energy Conservation Code) for single-family residences in Texas. The window simulation tests are performed using single-pane, double-pane, and low-e glass on two standard DOE 2.1E single-family house models: 1) the model which has the R-value for wall, roof and floor according to 2000 IECC (Quick Wall), and 2) the model which has the real wood frame wall and has the same R-value as the first one (Thermal Wall). The analysis showed different results according to the types of the glass, simulation method (Shading Coefficient or Window Library), and types of wall (quick wall and thermal wall). The saving of daily peak heating (kBtu/day) from single-pane to low-e glass on thermal mass and quick wall shows the most variation.
Kim, S.; Haberl, J. S.
Snohomish County PUD No 1 - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate...
Recycling: 30 per unit Insulation: 50% of job cost Double-Pane Windows: 6 - 8 per square foot Duct sealing and insulation: 5 per l.f. Geothermal Heat Pumps: 50% of job cost...
Browse wiki | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
you must have insulation equivalent to: Ceilings: R-30 Walls: R-12 Floor: R-19 Storm windows or insulated doors Storm windows or double pane windows State size of water heater...
Blackbody radiation shift, multipole polarizabilities, oscillator strengths, lifetimes, hyperfine constants, and excitation energies in Ca+
A systematic study of Ca+ atomic properties is carried out using high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for the levels up to n = 7. Recommended values and estimates of their uncertainties are provided for a large number of electric-dipole transitions. Electric-dipole scalar polarizabilities for the 5s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 4p, 5p, 3d, and 4d states and tensor polarizabilities for the 4p, 5p, 3d, and 4d states in Ca+ are calculated. Methods are developed to accurately treat the contributions from highly-excited states, resulting in significant (factor of 3) improvement in accuracy of the 3d_{5/2} static polarizability value, 31.8(3) a.u., in comparison with the previous calculation [Arora et al., Phys. Rev. A 76, 064501 (2007)]. The blackbody radiation (BBR) shift of the 4s - 3d_{5/...
Safronova, M S
Recovery Act: Low-Cost, Highly Lambertian Reflector Composite For Improved LED Fixture Efficiency and Lifetime
The overall objective of the program was to demonstrate a 98% or greater reflective, highly diffuse, low-cost composite material that significantly improves luminaire efficiency, is able to withstand 50,000 hours or greater luminaire operation under expected LED system thermal and environmental operating extremes and meets the cost targets required to be an effective commercial solution for the Solid State Lighting industry. This project met most of the goals defined and contributed to the understanding of high reflectance, white coatings. Research under this program increased the understanding of coatings development using particle size reduction techniques and preparation of coating solutions with a broad range of particle types. The research explored scale-up of coating systems and generated understanding of processing required for high volume manufacturing applications. The work demonstrated how coating formulation and application technique can translate to material durability and LED system lifetime. The research also demonstrated improvements in lighting efficiency to be gained using high reflectance white coatings.
Teather, Eric
Spectroscopy and lifetime measurements of states in {sup 76}Kr populated in {sup 76}Rb decay
The properties of the excited states of {sup 76}Kr, populated in the decay of {sup 76}Rb produced at ISOLDE isotopic separator, have been investigated by using K-conversion electron, {gamma}-ray, and {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence measurements. The lifetimes of several levels have been measured by means of the advanced time-delayed {beta}{gamma}{gamma}(t) method. The identification of 19 new levels and 55 transitions and the information deduced on spin and/or parity of the observed states from K-conversion coefficients, log ft values and decay properties have led to an improved knowledge of the level scheme. In particular, six 1{sup -} states have been definitely identified and J{sup {pi}}=2{sup -} has been assigned to the 2227 keV level, on which a band proposed to have negative-parity and even-spin had been previously observed. The strengths of the E0 and E2 transitions deexciting the 0{sub 2}{sup +} and 0{sub 3}{sup +} states (the latter is here identified with the state at 1598 keV) have been measured. The experimental data concerning the 0{sub 2}{sup +} state have been analyzed in a simple two states mixing model and in the framework of the proton-neutron interacting boson model.
Giannatiempo, A.; Perego, A.; Sona, P.; Nannini, A.; Mach, H.; Fogelberg, B.; Borge, M.J.G.; Tengblad, O.; Fraile, L.M.; Aas, A.J.; Gulda, K. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Firenze and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence (Italy); Department of Radiation Sciences, University of Uppsala, S-75121 Uppsala (Sweden); Instituto 'Estructura de la Materia' Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid (Spain); McKinsey and Company, Oslo (Norway); Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour Department of Innovation, Warsaw (Poland)
Comparison of Minority Carrier Lifetime Measurements in Superstrate and Substrate CdTe PV Devices: Preprint
We discuss typical and alternative procedures to analyze time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements of minority carrier lifetime (MCL) with the hope of enhancing our understanding of how this technique may be used to better analyze CdTe photovoltaic (PV) device functionality. Historically, TRPL measurements of the fast recombination rate (t1) have provided insightful correlation with broad device functionality. However, we have more recently found that t1 does not correlate as well with smaller changes in device performance, nor does it correlate well with performance differences observed between superstrate and substrate CdTe PV devices. This study presents TRPL data for both superstrate and substrate CdTe devices where both t1 and the slower TRPL decay (t2) are analyzed. The study shows that changes in performance expected from small changes in device processing may correlate better with t2. Numerical modeling further suggests that, for devices that are expected to have similar drift field in the depletion region, effects of changes in bulk MCL and interface recombination should be more pronounced in t2. Although this technique may provide future guidance to improving CdS/CdTe device performance, it is often difficult to extract statistically precise values for t2, and therefore t2 data may demonstrate significant scatter when correlated with performance parameters.
Gessert, T. A.; Dhere, R. G.; Duenow, J. N.; Kuciauskas, D.; Kanevce, A.; Bergeson, J. D.
Study of the B-Meson Lifetime and the Performance of the Outer Tracker at LHCb
The research in the dissertation addresses two issues: the overall performance of the LHCb Outer Tracker (OT) detectors as shown during quality checks and beam tests; the study of the lifetimes of B+ and B0 mesons at LHCb. Physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva requires high performance detectors. One of the four major LHC experiments is the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment (LHCb). It is a dedicated B-physics experiment for precision measurements of CP violation in the B-meson system and for studying rare B decays. In order to efficiently reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles, LHCb is equipped with Outer Tracker (OT), consisting of gaseous straw tube detectors. The OT system comprises three stations each consisting of multiple layers of wires in vertical and non-vertical orientation. Basic unit of the stations is the OT module - a self-contained gas-detector unit filled with a counting gas mixture. The outer tracker module production was carefully monitored by variety of...
Vankov, P
Efficient Charging of Supercapacitors for Extended Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Nodes�,in
Abstract�This paper describes an efficient charging method for a supercapacitor-operated, solar-powered wireless sensor node called Everlast. Unlike traditional wireless sensors that store energy in batteries, Everlast�s use of supercapacitors enables the system to operate for an estimated lifetime of 20 years without any maintenance. The novelty of this system lies in the feed-forward, pulse frequency modulated converter and open-circuit solar voltage method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), enabling the solar cell to efficiently charge the supercapacitor and power the node. Experimental results show that by its low-complexity MPPT, Everlast can achieve over 89 % conversion efficiency with lower power overhead than the state-of-the-art by two orders of magnitude, while enabling charging a supercapacitor up to 400 % faster than direct charging. This makes Everlast particularly applicable to miniature-scale, high-impedance energy harvesting systems. Index Terms�Energy harvesting, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), solar power, supercapacitor, wireless sensor node (WSN). I.
Farhan I. Simjee; Pai H. Chou
Lifetime Prediction for Degradation of Solar Mirrors using Step-Stress Accelerated Testing (Presentation)
This research is to illustrate the use of statistical inference techniques in order to quantify the uncertainty surrounding reliability estimates in a step-stress accelerated degradation testing (SSADT) scenario. SSADT can be used when a researcher is faced with a resource-constrained environment, e.g., limits on chamber time or on the number of units to test. We apply the SSADT methodology to a degradation experiment involving concentrated solar power (CSP) mirrors and compare the results to a more traditional multiple accelerated testing paradigm. Specifically, our work includes: (1) designing a durability testing plan for solar mirrors (3M's new improved silvered acrylic "Solar Reflector Film (SFM) 1100") through the ultra-accelerated weathering system (UAWS), (2) defining degradation paths of optical performance based on the SSADT model which is accelerated by high UV-radiant exposure, and (3) developing service lifetime prediction models for solar mirrors using advanced statistical inference. We use the method of least squares to estimate the model parameters and this serves as the basis for the statistical inference in SSADT. Several quantities of interest can be estimated from this procedure, e.g., mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) and warranty time. The methods allow for the estimation of quantities that may be of interest to the domain scientists.
Lee, J.; Elmore, R.; Kennedy, C.; Gray, M.; Jones, W.
Application of the U.S. high cycle fatigue data base to wind turbine blade lifetime predictions
This paper demonstrates a methodology for predicting the service lifetime of wind turbine blades using the high-cycle fatigue data base for typical U.S. blade materials developed by Mandell, et al. (1995). The first step in the analysis is to normalize the data base (composed primarily of data obtained from specialized, relatively small coupons) with fatigue data from typical industrial laminates to obtain a Goodman Diagram that is suitable for analyzing wind turbine blades. The LIFE2 fatigue analysis code for wind turbines is then used for the fatigue analysis of a typical turbine blade with a known load spectrum. In the analysis, a linear damage model, Miner`s Rule, is used to demonstrate the prediction of the service lifetime for a typical wind turbine blade under assumed operating strain ranges and stress concentration factors. In contrast to typical European data, the asymmetry in this data base predicts failures under typical loads to be compressive.
Sutherland, H.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Mandell, J.F. [Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
A systematic study of Ca+ atomic properties is carried out using high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for the levels up to n = 7. Recommended values and estimates of their uncertainties are provided for a large number of electric-dipole transitions. Electric-dipole scalar polarizabilities for the 5s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 4p, 5p, 3d, and 4d states and tensor polarizabilities for the 4p, 5p, 3d, and 4d states in Ca+ are calculated. Methods are developed to accurately treat the contributions from highly-excited states, resulting in significant (factor of 3) improvement in accuracy of the 3d_{5/2} static polarizability value, 31.8(3) a.u., in comparison with the previous calculation [Arora et al., Phys. Rev. A 76, 064501 (2007)]. The blackbody radiation (BBR) shift of the 4s - 3d_{5/2} clock transition in Ca+ is calculated to be 0.381(4) Hz at room temperature, T=300K. Electric-quadrupole 4s -nd and electric-octupole 4s -nf matrix elements are calculated to obtain the ground state multipole E2 and E3 static polarizabilities. The hyperfine constants A are determined for the low-lying levels up to n = 7. The quadratic Stark effect on hyperfine structure levels of 43Ca+ ground state is investigated. These calculations provide recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of Ca+ atomic properties for use in planning and analysis of various experiments as well as theoretical modeling.
M. S. Safronova; U. I. Safronova
Performance of ad hoc networks with two-hop relay routing and limited packet lifetime (extended version)
We consider a mobile ad hoc network consisting of three types of nodes (source, destination and relay nodes) and using the two-hop relay routing. This type of routing takes advantage of the mobility and the storage capacity of the nodes, called the relay ... Keywords: Delay tolerant network, Limited packet lifetime, Mobile ad hoc network, Mobility model, Performance analysis, Two-hop relay protocol
Ahmad Al Hanbali; Philippe Nain; Eitan Altman
Long lifetime, low intensity light source for use in nighttime viewing of equipment maps and other writings
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A long-lifetime light source with sufficiently low intensity to be used for reading a map or other writing at nighttime, while not obscuring the user's normal night vision is disclosed. This light source includes a diode electrically connected in series with a small power source and a lens properly positioned to focus at least a portion of the light produced by the diode. 1 fig.
Frank, A.M.; Edwards, W.R.
A long-lifetime light source with sufficiently low intensity to be used for reading a map or other writing at nighttime, while not obscuring the user's normal night vision. This light source includes a diode electrically connected in series with a small power source and a lens properly positioned to focus at least a portion of the light produced by the diode.
Frank, Alan M. (Livermore, CA); Edwards, William R. (Modesto, CA)
A long-lifetime light source is discussed with sufficiently low intensity to be used for reading a map or other writing at nightime, while not obscuring the user's normal night vision. This light source includes a diode electrically connected in series with a small power source and a lens properly positioned to focus at least a portion of the light produced by the diode.
171Yb+ System Stability, 5D3/2 Hyperfine State Detection Efficiency and F=2 Lifetime
A data acquisition system is described that is designed to stabilize cooling and probe rates to maximize detection sensitivity and minimize possible systematic errors due to correlations between drifting experimental conditions and varying drive parameters. Experimental parameters that affect the Yb171 5D3/2 hyperfine state preparation and detection efficiency are characterized and optimized. A set of wait times for optimal sampling of the D3/2(F=2) lifetime is chosen and used to measure that lifetime with high statistical sensitivity. A systematic variation in this lifetime seems to be apparent. The source of the variation was not identified, but ion number and cooling rate appear to be ruled out. A net determination is made of tau=61.8ms+-(0.6)_stat+-(6.4)_sys which is significantly longer than other measurements of the same quantity. An alternate shelving scheme is proposed that would provide S-D state discrimination for Yb even isotopes as well as improved sensitivity for D state hyperfine discrimination ...
Schacht, M
Spontaneous Fission Modes and Lifetimes of Superheavy Elements in the Nuclear Density Functional Theory
Background: The reactions with the neutron-rich 48Ca beam and actinide targets resulted in the detection of new superheavy (SH) nuclides with Z=104 118. The unambiguous identification of the new isotopes, however, still poses a problem because their -decay chains terminate by spontaneous fission (SF) before reaching the known region of the nuclear chart. The understanding of the competition between -decay and SF channels in SH nuclei is, therefore, of crucial importance for our ability to map the SH region and to assess its extent. Purpose: We perform self-consistent calculations of the competing decay modes of even-even SH isotopes with 108 Z 126 and 148 N 188. Methods: We use the state-of-the-art computational framework based on self-consistent symmetry-unrestricted nuclear density functional theory capable of describing the competition between nuclear attraction and electrostatic repulsion. We apply the SkM* Skyrme energy density functional. The collective mass tensor of the fissioning superfluid nucleus is computed by means of the cranking approximation to the adiabatic time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach. This paper constitutes a systematic self-consistent study of spontaneous fission in the SH region, carried out at a full HFB level, that simultaneously takes into account both triaxiality and reflection asymmetry. Results: Breaking axial symmetry and parity turns out to be crucial for a realistic estimate of collective action; it results in lowering SF lifetimes by more than 7 orders of magnitude in some cases. We predict two competing SF modes: reflection symmetric modes and reflection asymmetric modes. Conclusions: The shortest-lived SH isotopes decay by SF; they are expected to lie in a narrow corridor formed by 280Hs, 284Fl, and 118284Uuo that separates the regions of SH nuclei synthesized in cold-fusion and hot-fusion reactions. The region of long-lived SH nuclei is expected to be centered on 294Ds with a total half-life of 1.5 days. Our survey provides a solid benchmark for the future improvements of self-consistent SF calculations in the region of SH nuclei.
Staszczak, A, [UTK/ORNL/Inst. Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Poland; Baran, A. [UTK/ORNL/Inst. Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Poland; Nazarewicz, Witold [UTK/ORNL/University of Warsaw
The Post-Shock Chemical Lifetimes of Outflow Tracers and a Possible New Mechanism to Produce Water Ice Mantles
We have used a coupled time-dependent chemical and dynamical model to investigate the lifetime of the chemical legacy left in the wake of C-type shocks. We concentrate this study on the chemistry of H2O and O2, two molecules which are predicted to have abundances that are significantly affected in shock-heated gas. Two models are presented: (1) a three-stage model of pre-shock, shocked, and post-shock gas; and (2) a Monte-Carlo cloud simulation where we explore the effects of stochastic shock activity on molecular gas over a cloud lifetime. In agreement with previous studies, we find that shock velocities in excess of 10 km s^-1 are required to convert all of the oxygen not locked in CO into H2O before the gas has an opportunity to cool. For pure gas-phase models the lifetime of the high water abundances, or ``H2O legacy'', in the post-shock gas is 4 - 7 x 10^5 years. Through the Monte Carlo cloud simulation we demonstrate that the time-average abundance of H2O is a sensitive function of the frequency of shocks. Thus we predict that the abundance of H2O and other known outflow tracers can be used to trace the history of shock activity in molecular gas. For gas-grain models we find that the abundance of water-ice on grain surfaces can be quite large and is comparable to that observed in molecular clouds. This offers a possible alternative method to create water mantles without resorting to grain surface chemistry: gas heating and chemical modification due to a C-type shock and subsequent depletion of the gas-phase species onto grain mantles.
Edwin A. Bergin; Gary J. Melnick; David A. Neufeld
US/UK second level panel discussions on the health and value of: Ageing and lifetime predictions (u)
Many healthy physics, engineering, and materials exchanges are being accomplished in ageing and lifetime prediction that directly supports US and UK Stockpile Management Programs. Lifetime assessment studies of silicon foams under compression - Joint AWE/LANLlLLNL study of compression set in stress cushions completed. Provides phenomenological prediction out to 50 years. Polymer volatile out-gassing studies - New exchange on the out-gassing of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) using isotopic {sup 13}C labeling studies to interrogate mechanistic processes. Infra-red (IR) gas cell analytical capabilities developed by AWE will be used to monitor polymer out-gassing profiles. Pu Strength ageing Experiments and Constitutive Modeling - In recently compared modeling strategies for ageing effects on Pu yield strength at high strain rates, a US/UK consensus was reached on the general principle that the ageing effect is additive and not multiplicative. The fundamental mechanisms for age-strengthening in Pu remains unknown. Pu Surface and Interface Reactions - (1) US/UK secondment resulted in developing a metal-metal oxide model for radiation damaged studies consistent with a Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potential; and (2) Joint US/UK collaboration to study the role of impurities in hydride initiation. Detonator Ageing (wide range of activities) - (1) Long-term ageing study with field trials at Pantex incorporating materials from LANL, LLNL, SNL and AWE; (2) Characterization of PETN growth to detonation process; (3) Detonator performance modeling; and (4) Performance fault tree analysis. Benefits are a unified approach to lifetime prediction that Includes: materials characterization and the development of ageing models through improved understanding of the relationship between materials properties, ageing properties and detonator performance.
Castro, Richard G [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Analysis of improved fenestration for code-compliant residential buildings in hot and humid climates
This thesis presents an analysis of energy efficient residential windows in hot and humid climates. To accomplish this analysis, the use of accurate simulation tools such as DOE-2.1e is required, which incorporates the results from the WINDOW-5.2 simulation program to assess accurate fenestration performance. The thesis also investigates the use of optimal glazing types, which, for future applications, could be specified in the code to reduce annual net energy consumption to zero. Results show that combinations of low-E and double pane, clear-glazed windows, which are optimally shaded according to orientation are the best solution for lowering both annual energy consumption and peak electricity loads. The study also concludes that the method used to model fenestration in the simulation program plays an important role in accurately determining the effectiveness of the glazing option used. In this particular study, the use of the WINDOW-5.2 program is highly recommended especially for high performance windows (i.e., low-E glazing). Finally, a discussion on the incorporation of super high performance windows (i.e., super low-E, ultra low-E and dynamic / switchable glazing) into the IECC code concludes that these types of glazing strategies can reduce annual net energy use of the window to zero. Future work identified by this thesis includes a more extensive examination of the passive solar potential of high performance fenestration, and an examination of the appropriate methods for specifying these properties in future versions of the IECC code. This implies that future specifications for fenestration in the IECC code could aim for zero net annual energy consumption levels from residential fenestration.
Mukhopadhyay, Jaya
New Mass and Lifetime Measurements of $^{152}$Sm Projectile Fragments with Time-Resolved Schottky Mass Spectrometry
The FRS-ESR facilities at GSI provide unique conditions for precision measurements with stored exotic nuclei over a large range in the chart of nuclides. In the present experiment the exotic nuclei were produced via fragmentation of $^{152}$Sm projectiles in a thick beryllium target at 500-600 MeV/u, separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring ESR. Mass and lifetime measurements have been performed with bare and few-electron ions. The experiment and first results will be presented in this contribution.
Litvinov, Y A; Geissel, H; Weick, H; Beckert, Karl; Beller, Peter; Boutin, D; Brandau, C; Chen, L; Klepper, O; Kn�bel, R; Kozhuharov, C; Kurcewicz, J; Litvinov, S A; Mazzocco, M; M�nzenberg, G; Nociforo, C; Nolden, F; Plass, W; Scheidenberger, C; Steck, Markus; Sun, B; Winkler, M; Litvinov, Yu.A.
Value Proposition for High Lifetime (p-type) and Thin Silicon Materials in Solar PV Applications: Preprint
Most silicon PV road maps forecast a continued reduction in wafer thickness, despite rapid declines in the primary incentive for doing so -- polysilicon feedstock price. Another common feature of most silicon-technology forecasts is the quest for ever-higher device performance at the lowest possible costs. The authors present data from device-performance and manufacturing- and system-installation cost models to quantitatively establish the incentives for manufacturers to pursue advanced (thin) wafer and (high efficiency) cell technologies, in an age of reduced feedstock prices. This analysis exhaustively considers the value proposition for high lifetime (p-type) silicon materials across the entire c-Si PV supply chain.
Goodrich, A.; Woodhouse, M.; Hacke, P.
Charge Lifetime Study of K2CsSb Photocathode Inside a JLAB DC High Voltage Gun
Two photocathodes are frequently considered for generating high average current electron beams and/or beams with high brightness for current and future accelerator applications: GaAs:Cs and K2CsSb. Each photocathode has advantages and disadvantages, and need to demonstrate performance at 'production' accelerator facilities. To this end a K2CsSb photocathode was manufactured at Brookhaven National Lab and delivered to Jefferson Lab within a compact vacuum apparatus at pressure {approx} 5 x 10{sup -11} Torr. This photocathode was installed inside a dc high voltage photogun biased at voltages up to 200 kV, and illuminated with laser light at 440 or 532 nm, to generate beams up to 20 mA. Photocathode charge lifetime measurements indicate that under some conditions this cathode has exceptionally high charge lifetime, without measurable QE decay, even from the center of the photocathode where operation using GaAs photocathodes is precluded due to ion bombardment. These studies also suggest a complex QE decay mechanism likely related to chemistry and localized heating via the laser beam.
Mammei, R.; Rao, T.; Suleiman, R.; Poelker, M.; Smedley, J.; McCarter, J.L.
Distribution of lifetimes of kinetochore-microtubule attachments:interplay of energy landscape, molecular motors and microtubule (de-)polymerization
Before a cell divides into two daughter cells, the chromosomes are replicated resulting in two sister chromosomes embracing each other. Each sister chromosome is bound to a separate proteinous structure, called kinetochore (kt), that captures the tip of a filamentous protein, called microtubule (MT). Two oppositely oriented MTs pull the two kts attached to two sister chromosomes thereby pulling the two sisters away from each other. Here we theoretically study an even simpler system, namely an isolated kt coupled to a single MT; this system mimics an {\\it in-vitro} experiment where a single kt-MT attachment is reconstituted using purified extracts from budding yeast. Our models not only account for the experimentally observed "catch-bond-like" behavior of the kt-MT coupling, but also make new predictions on the probability distribution of the lifetimes of the attachments. In principle, our new predictions can be tested by analyzing the data collected in the {\\it in-vitro} experiments provided the experiment is repeated sufficiently large number of times. Our theory provides a deep insight into the effects of (a) size, (b) energetics, and (c) stochastic kinetics of the kt-MT coupling on the distribution of the lifetimes of these attachments.
Ajeet K. Sharma; Blerta Shtylla; Debashish Chowdhury
Evaluation of integrated wall systems incorporating electrochromic windows [Final report
Billions of dollars are spent annually in the U.S. on energy lost through the use of inefficient windows. Even wall systems with advanced static glazings and moveable shading devices are not optimal because they can't effectively respond to changing solar conditions. Electrochromic (EC) smart windows can dynamically control the amount of solar light and heat entering a building. The energy saving performance of fully dynamic wall systems containing EC windows was compared with that of static systems using the DOE 2.1E building simulation program. Total costs for different scenarios were computed. SAGE demonstrated the capability to produce double pane EC windows in which the transmittance repeatedly varied between 2-58%. Relative impact of EC glazings in buildings compared to static is 10-20% energy savings across all climatic regions investigated. Significant life cycle cost savings are predicted for SAGE's EC windows when compared to conventional solar control windows over an estimated product lifetime of 20 years.
Sbar, Neil L.
Determination of the 5d6s 3D1 state lifetime and blackbody radiation clock shift in Yb
The Stark shift of the ytterbium optical clock transition due to room temperature blackbody radiation is dominated by a static Stark effect, which was recently measured to high accuracy [J. A. Sherman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 153002 (2012)]. However, room temperature operation of the clock at 10^{-18} inaccuracy requires a dynamic correction to this static approximation. This dynamic correction largely depends on a single electric dipole matrix element for which theoretically and experimentally derived values disagree significantly. We determine this important matrix element by two independent methods, which yield consistent values. Along with precise radiative lifetimes of 6s6p 3P1 and 5d6s 3D1, we report the clock's blackbody radiation shift to 0.05% precision.
Beloy, K; Lemke, N D; Hinkley, N; Oates, C W; Ludlow, A D
The Value Proposition for High Lifetime (p-type) and Thin Silicon Materials in Solar PV Applications: Preprint
Proposition for High Proposition for High Lifetime (p-type) and Thin Silicon Materials in Solar PV Applications Preprint Alan Goodrich, Michael Woodhouse, and Peter Hacke Presented at the 2012 IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference Austin, Texas June 3-8, 2012 Conference Paper NREL/CP-6A20-55477 June 2012 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and Alliance retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Literature review of the lifetime of DOE materials: Aging of plastic bonded explosives and the explosives and polymers contained therein
There are concerns about the lifetime of the nation`s stockpile of high explosives (HEs) and their components. The DOE`s Core Surveillance and Enhanced Surveillance programs specifically target degradation of HE, binders, and plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) for determination of component lifetimes and handling procedures. The principal goal of this project is to identify the decomposition mechanisms of HEs, plasticizers, and plastic polymer binders resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation, heat, and humidity. The primary HEs of concern are 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocyclooctane (HMX). Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is closely related to these two compounds and is also included in the literature review. Both Kel-F 800 and Estane are polymers of interest. A stabilizer, Irganox 1010, and an energetic plasticizer that is a blend of acetaldehyde 2,2-dinitropropyl acetal, are also of interest, but the focus of this report will be on the explosives and polymers. This presents a literature review that provides background on the synthesis, degradation, and techniques to analyze TATB, HMX, RDX, Kel-F 800, Estane, and the PBXs of these compounds. As there are many factors that can influence degradation of materials, the degradation discussion will be divided into sections based on each factor and how it might affect the degradation mechanism. The factors reviewed that influence the degradation of these materials are exposure to heat, UV- and {gamma}-irradiation, and the chemistry of these compounds. The report presents a recently compiled accounting of the available literature. 80 refs., 7 figs.
Burgess, C.E.; Woodyard, J.D. [West Texas A and M Univ., Canyon, TX (United States); Rainwater, K.A. [Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States); Lightfoot, J.M. [Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX (United States); Richardson, B.R. [Engineered Carbons, Inc., Borger, TX (United States)
A system to test the effects of materials on the electron drift lifetime in liquid argon and observations on the effect of water
A materials test system (MTS) has been developed at FNAL to assess the suitability of materials for use in a large liquid argon time projection chamber. During development of the MTS, it was noted that controlling the cryostat pressure with a 'raining' condenser reduced the electron drift lifetime in the liquid argon. The effect of condensing has been investigated using a series of passive materials to filter the condensate. We report the results of these studies and of tests on different candidate materials for detector construction. The inferred reduction of electron drift lifetime by water concentrations in the parts per trillion is of particular interest.
Andrews, R.; Jaskierny, W.; Jostlein, H.; Kendziora, C.; Pordes, S.; Tope, T.; /Fermilab
Enhancement of electron lifetime in dye-sensitized solar cells using anodically grown TiO2 nanotube/nanoparticle composite photoanodes
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on TiO"2 nanotube/nanoparticle (NT/NP) composite photoanodes were fabricated including different NT content into the NP network. The NPs expose large surface area for the dye anchoring, while the incorporated nanotubes ... Keywords: Anodic oxidation, Charge transport, Dye-sensitized solar cell, Electron lifetime, TiO2 nanotubes
Andrea Lamberti, Adriano Sacco, Stefano Bianco, Marzia Quaglio, Diego Manfredi, Candido Fabrizio Pirri
Measurement of D-D-bar mixing using the ratio of lifetimes for the decays D-->K- pi + and K+K-
We measure the rate of D0-D[over-bar] 0 mixing with the observable yCP=(?Kpi/?KK)-1, where ?KK and ?Kpi are, respectively, the mean lifetimes of CP-even D0-->K+K- and CP-mixed D0-->K-pi+ decays, using a data sample of ...
Fisher, Peter H.
Observed Changes in the Lifetime and Amplitude of the Madden�Julian Oscillation Associated with Interannual ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
The Madden�Julian oscillation (MJO) is analyzed using the reanalysis zonal wind� and satellite outgoing longwave radiation�based indices of Wheeler and Hendon for the 1974�2005 period. The average lifetime of the MJO events varies with season (36 ...
Benjamin Pohl; Adrian J. Matthews
Effects of Cu Diffusion from ZnTe:Cu/Ti Contacts on Carrier Lifetime of CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells: Preprint
We study the performance of CdS/CdTe thin film PV devices processed with a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact to investigate how carrier lifetime in the CdTe layer is affected by Cu diffusion from the contact.
Gessert, T. A.; Metzger, W. K.; Asher, S. E.; Young, M. R.; Johnston, S.; Dhere, R. G.; Duda, A.
Roles for Cardiac MyBP-C in Maintaining Myofilament Lattice Rigidity and Prolonging Myosin Cross-Bridge Lifetime
We investigated the influence of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) and its constitutively unphosphorylated status on the radial and longitudinal stiffnesses of the myofilament lattice in chemically skinned myocardial strips of the following mouse models: nontransgenic (NTG), effective null for cMyBP-C (t/t), wild-type cMyBP-C expressed into t/t (WT{sub t/t}), and constitutively unphosphorylated cMyBP-C (AllP{sub -t/t}). We found that the absence of cMyBP-C in the t/t and the unphosphorylated cMyBP-C in the AllP{sub -t/t} resulted in a compressible cardiac myofilament lattice induced by rigor not observed in the NTG and WT{sub t/t}. These results suggest that the presence and phosphorylation of the N-terminus of cMyBP-C provides structural support and radial rigidity to the myofilament lattice. Examination of myofilament longitudinal stiffness under rigor conditions demonstrated a significant reduction in cross-bridge-dependent stiffness in the t/t compared with NTG controls, but not in the AllP{sub -t/t} compared with WT{sub t/t} controls. The absence of cMyBP-C in the t/t and the unphosphorylated cMyBP-C in the AllP{sub -t/t} both resulted in a shorter myosin cross-bridge lifetime when myosin isoform was controlled. These data collectively suggest that cMyBP-C provides radial rigidity to the myofilament lattice through the N-terminus, and that disruption of the phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is sufficient to abolish this structural role of the N-terminus and shorten cross-bridge lifetime. Although the presence of cMyBP-C also provides longitudinal rigidity, phosphorylation of the N-terminus is not necessary to maintain longitudinal rigidity of the lattice, in contrast to radial rigidity.
Palmer, B.M.; Sadayappan, S.; Wang, Y.; Weith, A.E.; Previs, M.J.; Bekyarova, T.; Irving, T.C.; Robbins, J.; Maughan, D.W. (Vermont)
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence Lifetime Spatial Heterogeneity of Poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene) in Presence of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester
In this paper, we studied the luminescence property and fluorescence lifetime mapping of MEH-PPV/PCBM system by using electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and time-correlated single photo counting (TC-SPC) technologies. The ECL results showed that the oxidation peak of MEH-PPV near 0.7 V (vs. SCE) and ECL response of films shifted positively towards 1.2 V when in the presence of PCBM. At the same time, the oxidation peak current density of MEH-PPV increases while the ECL response decreased with the loading of PCBM in the composite films. The fluorescence lifetime images clearly show that the lifetime fluctuation is effected by different substrates and MEH-PPV/PCBM ratios. Meanwhile, the lifetime of MEH-PPV decreases with the increasing of film thickness. The lifetimes of MEH-PPV films on TiO2 substrate are lower than them of films on cover slips.
Geng, Hongwei; Pan, Shanlin; Hu, Dehong
Testing and Analysis for Lifetime Prediction of Crystalline Silicon PV Modules Undergoing Degradation by System Voltage Stress: Preprint
Acceleration factors are calculated for crystalline silicon PV modules under system voltage stress by comparing the module power during degradation outdoors to that in accelerated testing at three temperatures and 85% relative humidity. A lognormal analysis is applied to the accelerated lifetime test data considering failure at 80% of the initial module power. Activation energy of 0.73 eV for the rate of failure is determined, and the probability of module failure at an arbitrary temperature is predicted. To obtain statistical data for multiple modules over the course of degradation in-situ of the test chamber, dark I-V measurements are obtained and transformed using superposition, which is found well suited for rapid and quantitative evaluation of potential-induced degradation. It is determined that shunt resistance measurements alone do not represent the extent of power degradation. This is explained with a two-diode model analysis that shows an increasing second diode recombination current and ideality factor as the degradation in module power progresses. Failure modes of the modules stressed outdoors are examined and compared to those stressed in accelerated tests.
Hacke, P.; Smith, R.; Terwiliger, K.; Glick, S.; Jordan, D.; Johnston, S.; Kempe, M.; Kurtz, S.
LED Lifetime Measurements
... at a time,� Zong says, providing information about how ... DOE's Energy Star program requires accreditation of ... products available on market, and then ...
A Detailed Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation of the Neutron Lifetime Experiment S. Arzumanov et al., Phys. Lett. B 483 (2000) 15
We performed a detailed analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron lifetime experiment [S. Arzumanov et al., Phys. Lett. B 483 (2000) 15] because of the strong disagreement by 5.6 standard deviations between the results of this experiment and our experiment [A. Serebrov et al., Phys. Lett. B 605 (2005) 72]. We found a few effects which were not taken into account in the experiment [S. Arzumanov et al., Phys. Lett. B 483 (2000) 15]. The possible correction is -5.5 s with uncertainty of 2.4 s which comes from initial data knowledge. We assume that after taking into account this correction the result of work [S. Arzumanov et al., Phys. Lett. B 483 (2000) 15] for neutron lifetime 885.4 +/- 0.9stat +/- 0.4syst s could be corrected to 879.9 +/- 0.9stat +/- 2.4syst s.
Fomin, A K
Measurement of the B_d0 lifetime using B_d0 to J/psi K0_S decays at Dzero
This thesis describes a measurement of the B{sub d}{sup 0} lifetime in the decay to (J/{psi}K{sub S}{sup 0}), using 114 pb{sup -1} of data collected by the D0 experiment at the Tevatron from October 15, 2002, to June 10, 2003. The measurement is motivated by the tests of the Standard Model that it makes possible. These include tests of Heavy Quark Effective Theory predicting B-meson lifetimes, and of the complex phase in the CKM-matrix as the source of CP-violation in B{sub d}{sup 0} decays to (J/{psi}K{sub S}{sup 0}).
Balm, Paul W.; /Amsterdam U.
Coweta-Fayette EMC - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program |
Coweta-Fayette EMC - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Coweta-Fayette EMC - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Coweta-Fayette EMC - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Water Heating Windows, Doors, & Skylights Maximum Rebate Double-Pane/Storm Windows: $500 Programmable Thermostat: $50 per home Program Info State Georgia Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Existing Homes Electric Heat Pumps: $150 - $300 Dual Fuel Heat Pumps: $200 Geothermal Heat Pumps: $1000 Water Heaters: $250 Attic Insulation: $90 - $150 Floor Insulation: $150 Double-Pane/Storm Windows: $50/window Programmable Thermostat: $25/unit
SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 1. Project summary
A summary of the Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project is presented. The design of the greenhouses include transparent double pane glass roof with channels for fluid between the panes, inner pane tinted and double pane extruded acrylic aluminized mylar shade and diffuser. Solar energy technologies provide power for water desalination, for pumping irrigation water, and for cooling and heating the controlled environment space so that crops can grow in arid lands. The project is a joint effort between the United States and Saudi Arabia. (BCS)
Measurement of the t anti-t production cross-section at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV using lifetime tagging
A measurement of the t{bar t} production cross section in the lepton+jets channels with the D0 detector at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using the lifetime-tagging techniques is presented. The t{bar t} cross section is estimated from the combination of the e+jets and {mu}+jets channels. The obtained result {sigma}{sub t{bar t}} = 7.47{sub -1.14}{sup +1.22}(stat){sub -1.03}{sup +1.65}(syst) {+-} 0.49(lumi) pb is consistent with the Standard Model expectation.
Khanov, Alexander; /Rochester U.
Beam lifetime and emittance growth in RHIC under normal operating conditions with the hydrogen gas jet, the cluster-jet and pellet targets
The inelastic scattering of the beam and the residual gas molecules in RHIC could represent one of the limitations on the beam life time and emittance growth. This report covers the dominant central nuclear collisions influence on the beam lifetime and transverse emittance growth. The cross sections for the beam-gas electron radiative captures are an order of magnitude smaller. The capture cross sections include the radiative and non-radiative capture, and the capture from the electron-positron pair creation from the 'vacuum capture'.
Trbojevic, D.
ASHRAE, 2005 ASHRAE handbook�Fundamentals, Chapter 32.22.Chicago, IL Bin Hours From ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
an equation reflecting energy usage as a function of thea relationship between energy usage and outdoor temperature.determine an estimated energy usage. If this is carried out
based on the reduced gas usage. No effort was made todaily temperature to gas usage correlation coefficientsthe the gas runtime was directly proportional to the usage.
Low E Brings High Savings in Newark, Delaware | Department of...
stood near four giant aluminum-framed picture windows in Newark, Delaware's municipal building, the sun streamed through with such intensity that it made staffers sweat from...
Measurement of the $\\Lambda_b^0$ lifetime in the exclusive decay $\\Lambda_b^0 \\to J/\\psi \\Lambda^0$ in $p\\bar{p}$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV
We measure the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} lifetime in the fully reconstructed decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi} {Lambda}{sup 0} using 10.4 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions collected with the D0 detector at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The lifetime of the topologically similar decay channel B{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi} K{sub S}{sup 0} is also measured. We obtain {tau} ({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}) = 1.303 {+-} 0.075 (stat.) {+-} 0.035 (syst.) ps and {tau} (B{sup 0}) = 1.508 {+-} 0.025 (stat.) {+-} 0.043 (syst.) ps. Using these measurements, we determine the lifetime ratio of {tau} ({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})/{tau} (B{sup 0}) = 0.864 {+-} 0.052 (stat.) {+-} 0.033 (syst.).
Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; Abbott, Braden Keim; Acharya, Bannanje Sripath; Adams, Mark Raymond; Adams, Todd; Alexeev, Guennadi D.; Alkhazov, Georgiy D.; Alton, Andrew K.; Alverson, George O.; Aoki, Masato; Askew, Andrew Warren; /Rio de Janeiro, CBPF /Rio de Janeiro State U. /ABC Federal U. /Hefei, CUST /Andes U., Bogota /Charles U. /Prague, Tech. U. /Prague, Inst. Phys. /San Francisco de Quito U. /Clermont-Ferrand U. /LPSC, Grenoble
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program
Categorical Exclusion Determination Form Project Title Program or Field Office: AK-TRIBE-HOONAH INDIAN ASSOCIATION Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program Location: Tribe AK-TRIBE- HOONAH INDIAN ASSOCIATION AK American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Proposed Action or Project Description 1) Weatherizing six 1940's era houses (installation of double-pane windows and insulated exterior doors),
Relativistic many-body calculation of energies, oscillator strengths, transition rates, lifetimes, polarizabilities, and quadrupole moment of Fr-like Th IV ion
Atomic properties of the 24 low-lying ns, np, nd, nf, and ng states in Th IV ion are calculated using the high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Recommended values are provided for a large number of electric-dipole matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes. Scalar polarizabilities of the ground and six excited states (5f_j, 6d_j, 7p_j, and 7s), and tensor polarizabilities of the 5f_j, 6d_j, 7p_{3/2} states of Th IV are evaluated. The uncertainties of the recommended values are estimated. These calculations provide recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of Th IV atomic properties for use in theoretical modeling as well as planning and analysis of various experiments including development of ultra precise nuclear clock and RESIS studies of actinide ions
lifetime members Abbott Laboratories Fund
Beth Israel John R. and Annie W. Furrer John M. and Joan F. Perrigo J. Spencer Standish John Carney, Jr Tyson William F. Whitman, Jr. and Barbara Whitman Katharine Wilson Clay and Camille Yates Bernard S. and Susan S. Cohon Bernard S. and Sarah M. Gewirz Barbara B. Salem Marie C. Stiefel Camp-Younts Foundation
Peterson, Blake R.
HWVP melter lifetime prediction letter
Preliminary predictions were made of the time to reach hypothesized operational limits of the HWVP melter due to build up of a noble metals sludge layer on the melter floor. Predictions were made with the TEMPEST computer program, Version T2.9h, for use in the MPA activity in the Pacific Northwest Laboratory`s (PNL) Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) Technology Development (PHTD) effort. The NWEST computer program (Trent and Eyler 1993) is a PNL-MA-70/Part 2 -- Good Practices Standard (QA Level III) research and development software tool.
Eyler, L.L.; Mahoney, L.A.; Elliott, M.L.
Magnetically Trapped Neutron Lifetime Experiment
... the theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. As well as in determinations of the expected neutrino flux from nuclear reactors. ...
Measurement of D0-D0bar Mixing using the Ratio of D0->K-pi and K-K Lifetimes
We measure the rate of D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing with the observable y{sub CP} = ({tau}{sub K{pi}}/{tau}{sub KK}) - 1, where {tau}{sub KK} and {tau}{sub K{pi}} are respectively the mean lifetimes of CP-even D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -} and CP-mixed D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup -}{pi}{sup +} decays, using a data sample of 384 fb{sup -1} collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. From a sample of D{sup 0} and {bar D}{sup 0} decays where the initial flavor of the decaying meson is not determined, we obtain y{sub CP} = [1.12 {+-} 0.26(stat) {+-} 0.22(syst)]%, which excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at 3.3{sigma}, including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. This result is in good agreement with a previous BABAR measurement of y{sub CP} obtained from a sample of D*{sup +} {yields} D{sup 0}{pi}{sup +} events, where the D{sup 0} decays to K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}K{sup -}, and {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, which is disjoint with the untagged D{sup 0} events used here. Combining the two results taking into account statistical and systematic uncertainties, where the systematic uncertainties are assumed to be 100% correlated, we find y{sub CP} = [1.16 {+-} 0.22(stat) {+-} 0.18(syst)]%, which excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at 4.1{sigma}.
Aubert, B.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J.P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; /Annecy, LAPP; Tico, J.Garra; Grauges, E.; /Barcelona U.; Martinelli, M.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.; /INFN, Bari /Bari U.; Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.; /Bergen U.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D.N.; Hooberman, B.; Kerth, L.T.; Kolomensky, Yu.G.; Lynch, G.; /UC, Berkeley /Birmingham U. /Ruhr U., Bochum /British Columbia U. /Brunel U. /Novosibirsk, IYF /UC, Irvine /UC, Riverside /UC, San Diego /UC, Santa Barbara /UC, Santa Cruz /Caltech /Cincinnati U. /Colorado U. /Colorado State U. /Dortmund U. /Dresden, Tech. U. /Ecole Polytechnique /Edinburgh U. /INFN, Ferrara /Ferrara U. /INFN, Ferrara /INFN, Ferrara /Ferrara U. /INFN, Ferrara /INFN, Ferrara /Ferrara U. /Frascati /INFN, Genoa /Genoa U. /INFN, Genoa /INFN, Genoa /Genoa U. /INFN, Genoa /INFN, Genoa /Genoa U. /INFN, Genoa /INFN, Genoa /Genoa U. /Harvard U. /Heidelberg U. /Humboldt State U. /Imperial Coll., London /Iowa State U. /Iowa State U. /Johns Hopkins U. /Orsay, LAL /LLNL, Livermore /Liverpool U. /Queen Mary, U. of London /Royal Holloway, U. of London /Royal Holloway, U. of London /Louisville U. /Mainz U., Inst. Kernphys. /Manchester U. /Maryland U. /Massachusetts U., Amherst /MIT /McGill U. /INFN, Milan /Milan U. /INFN, Milan /INFN, Milan /Milan U. /Mississippi U. /Montreal U. /Mt. Holyoke Coll. /INFN, Naples /Naples U. /INFN, Naples /INFN, Naples /Naples U. /NIKHEF, Amsterdam /NIKHEF, Amsterdam /Notre Dame U. /Ohio State U. /Oregon U. /INFN, Padua /Padua U. /INFN, Padua /INFN, Padua /Padua U. /Paris U., VI-VII /Pennsylvania U. /INFN, Perugia /Perugia U. /INFN, Pisa /Pisa U. /INFN, Pisa /Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore /INFN, Pisa /Pisa U. /INFN, Pisa /Princeton U. /INFN, Rome /INFN, Rome /Rome U. /INFN, Rome /INFN, Rome /Rome U. /INFN, Rome /INFN, Rome /Rome U. /INFN, Rome /INFN, Rome /Rome U. /INFN, Rome /Rostock U. /Rutherford /DAPNIA, Saclay /SLAC /South Carolina U. /Stanford U., Phys. Dept. /SUNY, Albany /Tel Aviv U. /Tennessee U. /Texas U. /Texas U., Dallas /INFN, Turin /Turin U. /INFN, Trieste /Trieste U. /Valencia U. /Victoria U. /Warwick U. /Wisconsin U., Madison
Relativistic many-body calculations of lifetimes, rates, and line strengths of multipole transitions between 3l-1 4l' states in Ni-like ions
Transition rates and line strengths are calculated for electric-multipole (E2 and E3) and magnetic-multipole (M1, M2, and M3) transitions between 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}3d{sup 10}, 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}3d{sup 9}4l, 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 5}3d{sup 10}4l, and 3s3p{sup 6}3d{sup 10}4l states (with 4l = 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f) in Ni-like ions with the nuclear charges ranging from Z = 34 to 100. Relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT), including the Breit interaction, is used to evaluate retarded multipole matrix elements. Transition energies used in the calculation of line strengths and transition rates are from second-order RMBPT. Lifetimes of the 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}3d{sup 9}4s levels are given for Z = 34-100. Taking into account that calculations were performed in a very broad range of Z, most of the data are presented in graphs as Z-dependencies. The full set of data is given only for Ni-like W ion. In addition, we also give complete results for the 3d4s{sup 3}D{sub 2}-3d4s {sup 3}D{sub 1} magnetic-dipole transition, as the transition may be observed in future experiments, which measure both transition energies and radiative rates. These atomic data are important in the modeling of radiation spectra from Ni-like multiply-charged ions generated in electron beam ion trap experiments as well as for laboratory plasma diagnostics including fusion research.
Safronova, U I; Safronova, A S; Beiersdorfer, P
Integrated passive-solar demonstration project. Final report
The objectives of the study reported were to collect data on a combination of several passive solar heating and cooling systems. A passive solar test structure was constructed and monitored and the demonstration of passive systems designed into the structure was evaluated. Passive solar cooling principles include: shading all mass walls and windows from direct solar gain, maintaining cool attic and ceiling temperatures using solar induced ventilation, maintaining cool mean radiant wall temperatures, recirculating internal air, and using natural cross-ventilation through the conditioned space in spring and fall. Passive solar heating principles include: orientation of windows and sunspaces towards the south, providing double pane south windows, providing a double pane solar sunspace, using night insulation over glazing, extended thermal storage mass, and using a fan-forced rock/earth/air storage system. (LEW)
Garrison, M.L.
Stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) powered electrochromic window
A variable transmittance double pane window includes an electrochromic material that has been deposited on one pane of the window in conjunction with an array of photovoltaic cells deposited along an edge of the pane to produce the required electric power necessary to vary the effective transmittance of the window. A battery is placed in a parallel fashion to the array of photovoltaic cells to allow the user the ability to manually override the system when a desired transmittance is desired.
Benson, David K. (Golden, CO); Crandall, Richard S. (Boulder, CO); Deb, Satyendra K. (Boulder, CO); Stone, Jack L. (Lakewood, CO)
A variable transmittance double pane window includes an electrochromic material that has been deposited on one pane of the window in conjunction with an array of photovoltaic cells deposited along an edge of the pane to produce the required electric power necessary to vary the effective transmittance of the window. A battery is placed in a parallel fashion to the array of photovoltaic cells to allow the user the ability to manually override the system when a desired transmittance is desired. 11 figures.
Benson, D.K.; Crandall, R.S.; Deb, S.K.; Stone, J.L.
U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion Determination Form Project Title Program or Field Office: AK-TRIBE-HOONAH INDIAN ASSOCIATION Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program Location: Tribe AK-TRIBE- HOONAH INDIAN ASSOCIATION AK American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Proposed Action or Project Description 1) Weatherizing six 1940's era houses (installation of double-pane windows and insulated exterior doors),
Relativistic Multireference Many-body Perturbation Theory for Open-shell Ions with Multiple Valence Shell Electrons: the Transition Rates and Lifetimes of the Excited Levels in Chlorinelike Fe X
A recently developed relatistic multireference many-body perturbation theory based on multireference configuration-interaction wavefunctions as zeroth order wavefunctions is outlined. The perturbation theory employs a general class of configuration-interaction wve functions as reference functions, and thus is applciable to multiple open valence shell systems with near degeneracy of a manifold of strongly interacting configurations. Multireference many-body perturbation calculations are reported for the ground and excited states of chlorine-like Fe X in which the near degeneracy of a manifold of strongly interacting configurations mandates a multireference treatment. Term energies of a total of 83 excited levels arising from the 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 5}, 3s3p{sup 6}, 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 4}3d, 3s3p{sup 5}3d, and 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 3}3d{sup 2} configurations of the ion are evaluated to high accuracy. Transition rates associated with E1/M1/E2/M2/E3 radiative decays and lifetimes of a number of excited levels are calculated and compared with laboratory measurements to critically evaluate recent experiments.
Ishikawa, Y; Santana, J A; Tr?bert, E
2013 ICCES Lifetime Achievement Medal - Vinod Tewary
... WA. Dr. Tewary will be recognized at their annual banquet and will present an award lecture on his research at that time. A ...
Novel techniques applied to polymer lifetime predictions
A study aimed at testing the Arrhenius life prediction approach is described. After aging elastomeric materials at several elevated (accelerated) temperatures, a modulus profiling apparatus was used to demonstrate the complicated diffusion-limited oxidation anomalies are typically present under accelerated oven-aging conditions. By using surface modulus results (oxidation less to a monotonic increase in modulus), estimates are made of the true activation energy (E{sub a}) appropriate to the oxidation reactions dominating degradation. Even though macroscopic properties should be influenced by the diffusion-limited oxidation complications, ultimate tensile elongation results were found to be correlated to the true E{sub a}. This implies that cracks initiate at the hardened surface of the material and then quickly propagate through the less oxidized interior. If values of E{sub a} obtained from accelerated exposures can be determined and rationalized, another important question involves the Arrhenius assumption that E{sub a} remains constant in the extrapolation region. Preliminary data from two ultra-sensitive techniques (oxygen consumption and microcalorimetry) aimed at testing this fundamental assumption are described.
Gillen, K.T.; Wise, J.; Clough, R.L.
Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Ceramic Components
Ceramic materials are used extensively in non-nuclear components in the weapons stockpile including neutron tubes, stronglinks, weaklinks, batteries, and current/voltage stacks. Ceramics also perform critical functions in electronics, passively as insulators and actively as resistors and capacitors, Glass and ceramic seals also provide hermetic electrical feedthrus in connectors for many weapons components.
Vedula, V.R.; Glass, S.J.; Monroe, S.L.; Neilsen, M.K.; Newton, C.
Sponsored by: Federation of Materials Societies, and University Materials Council. ...... Outreach and Educational Activities from the University of Kentucky.
Corrosion, Coating Protection and Lifetime Prediction
Mar 5, 2013 ... Corrosion of Membrane Materials for Hydrogen Separation from Coal-Derived Syngas: Omer Dogan1; Benjamin Nielsen2; 1DOE National�...
Deans Club Lifetime Abbott Laboratories Fund
Northeast Correctional Complex Jerry Hayes, Health Administrator 5249 Highway 67 West Mountain City, TN Critical access hospital Wellmont - Hawkins County Memorial Hospital Fred Pelle, CEO 851 Locust St
Hydrolysis Kinetics and Lifetime Prediction for Polycarbonate ...
... Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/ ... activation energy (E a ) ... EK Euranto and NJ Cleve, Acta Chem. ...
Magnetically Trapped Neutron Lifetime Experiment (continued ...
... About 35 % of the initial electron energy goes into the production of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons from singlet decays, corresponding to ...
Princeton University, Physics 311/312 Lifetime of the Muon, Page 1 LIFETIME OF THE MUON
, Discriminators, Logic Gates, Attenuators (small brass BNC connectors with attenuation factor stamped on it
Study of Heat Loss: Commercial and Residential
There is much savings involved in the prevention of heat loss. Many structures exhibit such loss. Much can be done to improve or minimize the heat loss in a structure. These include interior and exterior modifications. It has been shown that heat can move by means of convection, conduction, and radiation. Problems with heat loss can be due to moisture, and poor construction techniques. There is a beneficial cost savings involved in the prevention of heat loss. Prevention techniques include insulation, caulking, weather stripping, and double pane windows. There are tables available for one to reference and calculate the return on their investment or �payback tim�
Emmett Ientilucci
1 1 Case Study, The Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio (Education) Building Design Floor Area: Floors: 2 Footprint: 3 Classrooms (1) 1 Conference Room 1 Adminstration Office Auditorium, 100 seats 6 Small Offices Atrium Wastewater Treatment Facility Shell Windows Material: Green Tint Triple Pane Argon Fill Insulating Glass Grey Tint Double Pane Argon Fill Insulating Glass Fenestration(square feet) Window Wall (2) window/wall l Atrium, Triple Pane (3) Building, Double Pane North 1,675 4,372 38% l U-Factor 0.34 U-Factor 0.46 South 2,553 4,498 58% l SHGC 0.26 SHGC 0.46 East 1,084 2,371 46% l West 350 2,512 14% l Overall 6,063 43% l Wall/Roof Main Material R-Value Wall : Face Brink 19 Roof: Steel/Stone Ballast 30 HVAC COP(4) Offices/Classrooms: Individual GSHPs (5) 3.9-4.6
Societal lifetime cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), synthetic diesel, methanol,FCX Fuels Gasoline, Diesel, CNG, FT diesel, methanol, H2,H2, electricity Gasoline, diesel, CNG, biogas, LPG, ethanol,
Sun, Yongling; Ogden, J; Delucchi, Mark
25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics
Although preliminary proof-of-principle of the efficacy of barrier materials and processes, first developed by Battelle at PNNL and commercialized by Vitex, has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, there are several challenges to the practical commercial implementation of these developments in the Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. Two important issues that are addressed in this project are identifying a low cost substrate material that can survive in the outside environment (rain, heat, dust, hail, etc.) for 25 years and developing an encapsulation method for the photovoltaic (PV) cells that can meet the required barrier performance without driving the cost of the total barrier package out of range (remaining below $3.00/Wp). Without these solutions, current encapsulation technologies will limit the use of PV for BIPV applications. Flexible, light-weight packaging that can withstand 25 years in the field is required for a totally flexible integrated PV package. The benefit of this research is to make substantial progress in the development of a cost-effective, viable thin film barrier package which will be a critical enabling technology to meet the Solar America Initiative cost and device reliability goals, and to make photovoltaics (PV) more cost-competitive with electricity generated using fossil fuels. Increased PV installations will enable increased US electrical capacity and reduce dependence on imported oil through increased utilization of a widely abundant source of renewable energy (sunlight).
Gross, Mark E.
Battery lifetime prediction for energy-aware computing
Predicting the time of full discharge of a finite-capacity energy source, such as a battery, is important for the design of portable electronic systems and applications. In this paper we present a novel analytical model of a battery that not only can ... Keywords: battery, low-power design, modeling
Daler Rakhmatov; Sarma Vrudhula; Deborah A. Wallach
Battery Allocation for Maximizing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks.
??Wireless sensor network has been an area of interest among researchers. Designing a wireless sensor network involves multiple issues such as size and processing capacity� (more)
Khambete, Ketki
shows that hybrid and electric cars perform better than theenvironmental impacts of electric cars. They also found thatranking of electric cars. However, inconsistent data used in
Use of Persian-Gulf Oil for Motor Vehicles, Energy Policythe Use of Persian Gulf Oil for Motor Vehicles, UCD-ITS-RR-per gallon of motor fuel, Defense of oil on average; thus,
analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system, Energy Policy
Modeling of Hall thruster lifetime and erosion mechanisms
Hall thrusters and other types of electric propulsion have become a tempting alternative to traditional chemical propulsion systems for in-space applications due to the high specific impulses (Isp) they provide. Large Isp ...
Cheng, Shannon Yun-Ming, 1978-
cost $2,458, or $11.1/kWh. Carbon fiber was the major costrange of $10-$17/kWh and carbon fiber contributes about 65%
Plasma Facing Materials Lifetime in Steady-State DEMO Operation
Plasma-Material Interactions / Proceedings of the Twentieth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE-2012) (Part 1), Nashville, Tennessee, August 27-31, 2012
Yu. Igitkhanov; B. Bazylev; I. Landman
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Lifetime Limitations: The Role...
degradation in the long- term loss of PEMFC performance, - Establish dominant catalyst and electrode degradation mechanisms, - Identify key properties of catalysts and...
of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance, Establish dominant catalyst and cathode degradation * mechanisms for Pt, Pt-Co alloys, and Pt 3 Sc, Identify key...
228 Gradient Testing and Thermo-Mechanical Lifetime Modeling of ...
... of LiMnxFe1-xPO4 Glass and Glass-Ceramics for Lithium Ion Battery .... and Comparing the Inhibition Effect of Chromate, Bromate and Molybdate on the�...
Modeling of Hall thruster lifetime and erosion mechanisms.
??Hall thrusters and other types of electric propulsion have become a tempting alternative to traditional chemical propulsion systems for in-space applications due to the high� (more)
technology assumptions, and oil prices. Our results showenvironmental protection and oil price shocks have spurredcost scenarios for crude oil prices of 25 and 50 � /bbl. For
Novel methods to extend lifetime of structural materials in BWR
Mar 4, 2007 ... search ... (i) Addition of noble metal (e.g. Pt) followed by an excess H2 (0.20 - 0.40 ppm ) addition in the environment. These noble metals�...
Lifetime benefits through load balancing in homogeneous sensor networks
In routing protocols for wireless sensor networks energy efficiency is of paramount importance. Reliability-oriented protocols discard lossy links to avoid the significant energy cost of packet loss. The downside is that nodes with a particularly favorable ...
Daniele Puccinelli; Martin Haenggi
Lifetime based routing algorithm in emergency object tracking
Sensor networks have many applications, a typical setting is in nature environment monitoring, such as forest fire, tsunami, and earthquake. In order to be easily deployed in this environment, sensor device is design to have small form factor, and as ... Keywords: betweenness, network model, object tracking, routing algorithm
Yihjia Tsai; Wenfa Huang; Chengchin Lin
Effect of hadron dynamics on the proton lifetime
A detailed, quantitative re-examination of the effect of hadron dynamics on baryon decay, modeled in terms of Skyrme-field tunneling, indicates that any hadronic suppression should be quite mild. This appears to be another illustration of the 'Cheshire-cat' phenomenon, that variation of the apportionment between description of the nucleon as a bag of quarks and description as a Skyrme field configuration has little influence on many nucleon properties. Perhaps the largest remaining uncertainty in evaluating the decay rate has to do with the overlap between a specified quark-antiquark configuration and a final meson state.
Silbar, R. R.; Goldhaber, A. S. (Alfred S.); Goldman, T. (Terry)
analysis shows that hybrid and electric cars perform bettercar (4-5 passengers) Fuels Gasoline, CNG, diesel, FT50, methanol, H2 Powertrains ICE, hybrid,
3.1 Fuel Cell System Cost Estimate We define the fuel cellto note that these cost estimates are based on a largeother studies on fuel cell cost estimates Baseline gasoline
Reliability Centered Lifetime Prediction of Environmentally Assisted Cracking
This report describes the results of joint research sponsored by EPRI in cooperation with Tohoku University and a number of Japanese organizations to address the issue of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in boiling water reactors (BWRs) and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The term EAC includes intergranular stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. The goal of this project was to develop a fundamental understanding of processes controlling EAC of stainless steels and nickel-base alloys i...
15. National Research Council (NRC 2008), Transitions toinfrastructure model, the NRC (2008) presents severalcountries Timeframe ORNL U.S. NRC U.S. EUCAR Europe UOIT
James, A cost comparison of fuel-cell and battery electricHowever, battery electric vehicles have lower fuel cost, usebattery-electric vehicles in terms of weight, volume, GHGs and cost,
DD1, Enhanced Spin Injection and Spin Lifetimes in Graphene
Gate tunable spin transport and spin precession in non-local single layer graphene (SLG) spin valves at room temperature (RT) were was demonstrated in 2007.
Assessment of Lifetime Calculation of Forged IN718 Aerospace ...
Keywords: Fatigue analysis, Thermo-mechanical processing, Aerospace components, Microstructural modelling .... de?ned 'worst-case' forging scenario.
Lifetime Prediction of Pneumatic Conveyor Bends with the Aid of ...
Feb 1, 2002 ... Pneumatic conveying pipelines are used throughout a variety of industries, from food processing/packing to power generation plants, as an�...
Adapting dynamically neighbourhood table entry lifetime in wireless sensor networks
-Kassem$ and Nathalie Mitton $ Universit´e de Lyon, INRIA, INSA-Lyon, CITI, INRIA Lille-Nord Europe, Univ. Lille 1 (e.g. seaport operations and goods movements), nuclear reactor control, fire detection, land slide of each other. The initial state in a sensor network is a collection of nodes that are unaware of each
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Formal lifetime reliability analysis using continuous random variables
Reliability has always been an important concern in the design of engineering systems. Recently proposed formal reliability analysis techniques have been able to overcome the accuracy limitations of traditional simulation based techniques but can only ...
Naeem Abbasi; Osman Hasan; Sofi�ne Tahar
Apparatus for measuring minority carrier lifetime using liquid conductor
Solar power generating capacity has grown from 83 MW in 2003 to over 7,200 MW in 2012, in the U.S. alone. As the solar industry grows, there is a significant need for quality control and testing methodologies. Both testing and quality control of ...
Relative Lifetime Prediction for CPV Die-Attach Layers: Preprint
In concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) cell assemblies, a large-area die-attach layer is subjected to thermal cycles, leading to thermomechanical fatigue. This causes cracking and the eventual failure of the CPV cell by thermal runaway. We define a damage metric representing lumped progress toward failure and present a numerical model for computing the accumulation of damage for arbitrary transient temperature conditions. The model is applied to a particular design with a solder die-attach layer. We show that accelerated-test thermal cycles with higher ramp rates cause more damage, both per cycle and per unit time. Outdoor exposure to one entire year in two geographic locations is also simulated, revealing that a year of exposure in Golden, Colorado is equivalent to 1.4 years of exposure in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
change, and noise. Oil-use costs comprise the cost of theexcept as indicated) Oil-use cost SPR Low Best High BY ROCdirect economic costs of oil dependence � including wealth
from U.S. consumers to foreign oil producers (a cost only inThus, the PS received by foreign oil producers is a real
LIFETIME STUDIES AT THE APS Annick Ropert, ESRF
-9 m.rad coupling 1.6 % I / bunch 1.2 mA VRF 9.5 MV bunch lengthening 1.6 bunch length 8.5 mm energy
Kemner, Ken
layer is made up of tin oxide (SnO2) or indium tin oxide (ITO). For low-temperature CdS and Cd. Of all of these energy sources, solar energy is considered the most consistent and abundant renewable. Besides, it is renewable and non-polluting. Therefore, it has huge potential to meet the energy demand
Sites, James R.
individual lifetime membership application: the minerals, metals and ...
_. PhoNe_. Fax_. toLL-Free_#_ e-maiL_. WeB_address home: .... Job and Financial Security Resources� online center for help with a job search, job security,�...
Comparative Assessment of Fuel Cell Cars, Massachusettselectric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, Journal of PowerTransition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles & the Potential
Mechanistic-Based Lifetime Predictions for High Temperature Alloys ...
... is a continuing goal for power generation whether it is fossil energy, solar power or transportation because it lowers costs, fuel consumption and emissions.
Plutonium: Aging Mechanisms and Weapon Pit Lifetime Assessment
At the end of this year, the U.S. Nuclear National Security Administration (NNSA) ... Experience from all materials in reactor environments of similar crystal�...
The effects of ITO surface modification on lifetime in organic photovoltaic devices and a test setup for measuring lifetime.
??Though relatively young, the field of organic electronics is a rapidly growing market and considerable research is being done in creating a whole range of� (more)
Sutcu, Sinan Mahmut
First observation of the decay {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup 0}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}} and an estimate of the {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}/{Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}} lifetime ratio
Using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring we have observed the decay modes {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup 0}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}} and {Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}} by the detection of a {Xi}-positron pair of appropriate invariant mass. We find {ital B} ({Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup 0}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}}){sigma}({ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow} {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital cX}})=1.55{plus_minus}0.33{plus_minus}0.25 pb, {ital B} ({Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}}){sigma}({ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow} {Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital cX}})=0.63{plus_minus}0.12{plus_minus}0.10 pb, {ital B} ({Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})/ {ital B} ({Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup 0}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}})= 0.44{plus_minus}0.11{sub {minus}0.06}{sup +0.11}, and {ital B} ({Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +})/{ital B} ({Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}}{r_arrow}{Xi}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ital e}})= 0.32{plus_minus}0.10{sub {minus}0.03}{sup +0.05}. Assuming the {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}} and {Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}} are equally produced in {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} annihilation events at 10 GeV, the lifetime ratio of {Xi}{sup +}{sub {ital c}}/{Xi}{sup 0}{sub {ital c}} is measured to be 2.46{plus_minus}0.70{sub {minus}0.23}{sup +0.33}.
Alexander, J.P.; Bebek, C.; Berkelman, K.; Bloom, K.; Browder, T.E.; Cassel, D.G.; Cho, H.A.; Coffman, D.M.; Crowcroft, D.S.; Drell, P.S.; Dumas, D.; Ehrlich, R.; Gaidarev, P.; Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Geiser, B.; Gittelman, B.; Gray, S.W.; Hartill, D.L.; Heltsley, B.K.; Henderson, S.; Jones, C.D.; Jones, S.L.; Kandaswamy, J.; Katayama, N.; Kim, P.C.; Kreinick, D.L.; Ludwig, G.S.; Masui, J.; Mevissen, J.; Mistry, N.B.; Ng, C.R.; Nordberg, E.; Patterson, J.R.; Peterson, D.; Riley, D.; Salman, S.; Sapper, M.; Wuerthwein, F.; Avery, P.; Freyberger, A.; Rodriguez, J.; Yang, S.; Yelton, J.; Cinabro, D.; Liu, T.; Saulnier, M.; Wilson, R.; Yamamoto, H.; Bergfeld, T.; Eisenstein, B.I.; Gollin, G.; Ong, B.; Palmer, M.; Selen, M.; Thaler, J.J.; Edwards, K.W.; Ogg, M.; Bellerive, A.; Britton, D.I.; Hyatt, E.R.F.; MacFarlane, D.B.; Patel, P.M.; Spaan, B.; Sadoff, A.J.; Ammar, R.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Besson, D.; Coppage, D.; Copty, N.; Davis, R.; Hancock, N.; Kelly, M.; Kotov, S.; Kravchenko, I.; Kwak, N.; Lam, H.; Kubota, Y.; Lattery, M.; Momayezi, M.; Nelson, J.K.; Patton, S.; Poling, R.; Savinov, V.; Schrenk, S.; Wang, R.; Alam, M.S.; Kim, I.J.; Ling, Z.; Mahmood, A.H.; O`Neill, J.J.; Severini, H.; Sun, C.R.; Wappler, F.; Crawford, G.; Daubenmier, C.M.; Fulton, R.; Fujino, D.; Gan, K.K.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Lee, J.; Malchow, R.; Skovpen, Y.; Sung, M.; White, C.; Zoeller, M.M.; Butler, F.; Fu, X.; Nemati, B.; Ross, W.R.; Skubic, P.; Wood, M.; Bishai, M.; Fast, J.; Gerndt, E.; McIlwain, R.L.; Miao, T.; Miller, D.H.; Modesitt, M.; Payne, D.; Shibata, E.I.; Shipsey, I.P.J.; Wang, P.N.; Battle, M.; Ernst, J.; Gibbons, L.; Kwon, Y.; Roberts, S.; Thorndike, E.H.; Wang, C.H.; Dominick, J.; Lambrecht, M.; Sanghera, S.; Shelkov, V.; Skwarnicki, T.; Stroynowski, R.; Volobouev, I.; Wei, G.; Zadorozhny, P.; Artuso, M.; Gao, M.; Goldberg, M.; He, D.; Horwitz, N.; Moneti, G.C.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mukhin, Y.; Playfer, S.; Rozen, Y.; Stone, S.; Xing, X.; (CLEO Collab..
CX-004625: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
625: Categorical Exclusion Determination 625: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-004625: Categorical Exclusion Determination Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada on behalf of the Wells Band Energy Efficiency Retrofits CX(s) Applied: A1, B2.5, B5.1 Date: 01/07/2010 Location(s): Nevada Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. The Wells Band would perform energy efficiency retrofits at the Administration Office at 1707 Mountain View Drive. Specific retrofits would include: ? Replacement of all lights and ballasts in the building with high performance, energy efficient products; ? Replacement of 14 single-pane windows with Energy Star double-pane windows; and ? Energy efficiency improvements to double-glass doors (remove door, add insulation behind walls, add weather
CA-TRIBE-YUROK TRIBE CA-TRIBE-YUROK TRIBE Location: Tribe CA-TRIBE-YUROK CA TRIBE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Proposed Action or Project Description The Yurok Tribe of California proposes to conduct energy efficiency retrofits to the Klamath and Weitchpec Tribal Offices based on the results of the energy audits completed in 2006. The Klamath Office energy efficiency building retrofits would include repair/re-weatherstripping of exterior doors; installation of operable lovers on passive vents in the attic; replacement of double-pane windows; caulking; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system repair and tuning; installation of check valves in hot water lines; insulation of hot water lines; timer repair; delamping; and occupancy sensors. The Weitchpec Office
Updating the Doors and Windows | Department of Energy
Updating the Doors and Windows Updating the Doors and Windows Updating the Doors and Windows August 23, 2012 - 2:46pm Addthis Stephanie Price Communicator, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Since I can't afford to replace my windows like Andrea did recently (I've got a lot more of them for one thing), the next best thing is to be sure the existing ones-- which are double-paned, so that's a help-are well sealed. One of my energy audit recommendations was to caulk the window frames inside and out. My handyman friend Rob and his brother got the outside of the windows caulked (hmm, I have to ask him about the basement windows -- it's kind of tucked away under the entry deck over the dog door.) He said that it looked like some of the edges (the tops of the second floor windows especially) hadn't ever been done and the ones that had, had highly
CX-002319: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
19: Categorical Exclusion Determination 19: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-002319: Categorical Exclusion Determination New Mexico-Tribe-Pueblo of Pojoaque Housing Corporation CX(s) Applied: B2.5, B5.1 Date: 05/11/2010 Location(s): Pojoaque, White Sands Village, New Mexico Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. The Pueblo of Pojoaque Housing Corporation plans to improve the energy efficiency of six tribal homes located in White Sands Village by removing and replacing inefficient single-pane windows with double-pane, metal-clad wood windows. DOCUMENT(S) AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD CX-002319.pdf More Documents & Publications CX-002317: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-002175: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-004625
Rolling, Rolling, Rolling: Roller Window Shades | Department of Energy
Rolling, Rolling, Rolling: Roller Window Shades Rolling, Rolling, Rolling: Roller Window Shades Rolling, Rolling, Rolling: Roller Window Shades March 15, 2010 - 11:42am Addthis John Lippert There's a lot of talk these days about installing new energy-efficient windows. Thanks to a Federal tax credit of up to $1,500, window advertisements, both print and radio and TV broadcasting, are aplenty. I don't want to knock energy-efficient windows. There are some great window products available. Some even rival the overall performance of walls, that is, if you account for the heat energy that enters the home via sunshine, depending on the climate and orientation. What I would like to talk about here are window shades. My wife and I bought our house 19 years ago. We are only the 2nd owners. The house has double-pane wooden windows made by a major well-known manufacturer. No
Hodges residence: performance of a direct gain passive solar home in Iowa
Results are presented for the performance of the Hodges Residence, a 2200-square-foot earth-sheltered direct gain passive solar home in Ames, Iowa, during the 1979-80 heating season, its first occupied season. No night insulation was used on its 500 square feet of double-pane glass. Total auxiliary heat required was 43 GJ (41 MBTU) gross and 26 GJ (25 MBTU) net, amounting, respectively, to 60 and 36 kJ/C/sup 0/-day-m/sup 2/ (2.9 and 1.8 BTU/F/sup 0/-day-ft/sup 2/). The heating season was unusually cloudy and included the cloudiest January in the 21 years of Ames insolation measurements. Results are also presented for the performance of the hollow-core floor which serves as the main storage mass and for the comfort range in the house.
Hodges, L.
Solar panel
A solar panel is shown for use as a double panel window structure. It has an outer frame formed by an H-shaped extrusion that has one of its outermost legs shortened, and a pair of generally parallel legs or flanges that are inwardly directed of the frame. The outer surface of these flanges are furnished with a dual pressure-sensitive adhesive tape having a width between 1/4 inch and 1 inch. A pane of transparent material is sealed around its periphery into engagement with the adhesive tape for forming a double pane solar panel. Several modifications are also shown for exerting a mechanical locking force on at least one of the panes.
Sitzler, E.R.; Moore, F.W.
RECS data show decreased energy consumption per household
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Total United States energy consumption in homes has remained relatively stable for many years as increased energy efficiency has offset the increase in the number and average size of housing units, according to the newly released data from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). The average household consumed 90 million British thermal units (Btu) in 2009 based on RECS. This continues the downward trend in average residential energy consumption of the last 30 years. Despite increases in the number and the average size of homes plus increased use of electronics, improvements in efficiency for space heating, air conditioning, and major appliances have all led to decreased consumption per household. Newer homes also tend to feature better insulation and other characteristics, such as double-pane windows, that improve the building envelope.
NM-TRIBE-PUEBLO OF POJOAQUE HOUSING CORPORATION NM-TRIBE-PUEBLO OF POJOAQUE HOUSING CORPORATION Location: Tribe NM-TRIBE- PUEBLO OF POJOAQUE HOUSING CORPORATION NM American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Proposed Action or Project Description The Pueblo of Pojoaque Housing Corporation plans to improve the energy efficiency of six tribal homes located in White Sands Village by removing and replacing inefficient single-pane windows with double- pane, metal-clad wood windows. Conditions: None Categorical Exclusion(s) Applied: B2.5, B5.1 *-For the complete DOE National Environmental Policy Act regulations regarding categorical exclusions, see Subpart D of 10 CFR10 21 This action would not: threaten a violation of applicable statutory, regulatory, or permit requirements for environment, safety, and health,
CX-002321: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
21: Categorical Exclusion Determination 21: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-002321: Categorical Exclusion Determination California-Tribe-Yurok Tribe Energy Efficiency Retrofits CX(s) Applied: B2.5, B5.1 Date: 05/13/2010 Location(s): Klamath, California Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. The Yurok Tribe of California proposes to conduct energy efficiency retrofits to the Klamath and Weitchpec Tribal Offices based on the results of the energy audits completed in 2006. The Klamath Office energy efficiency building retrofits would include repair/re-weather stripping of exterior doors; installation of operable lovers on passive vents in the attic; replacement of double-pane windows; caulking; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
components components The proposed activity will involve energy efficiency upgrades to the Tribal Head Start building. Proposed retrofits include window upgrades to double-pane, insulated, tempered glass to conserve electricity for heating and cooling; upgrading the water heater to an on-demand style; upgrading the dishwasher to an Energy Star model; lowering a 12 foot ceiling to 9 feet to conserve energy for heating; replacing toilets and faucets with water-saving models; replacing fluorescent lighting with more energy efficient fixtures and bulbs; and upgrading to programmable thermostats. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Pueblo of Tesuque Energy Efficiency Retrofits Pueblo of Tesuque New Mexico Dec 7, 2009 Mary Martin Print Form for Records
Can't See the Forest for the Trees | Department of Energy
Can't See the Forest for the Trees Can't See the Forest for the Trees Can't See the Forest for the Trees November 1, 2011 - 7:30am Addthis Stephanie Price Communicator, National Renewable Energy Laboratory One thing I've been putting off doing is an energy assessment. I don't know why - my utility company offers them for FREE! I've done a few things around the house, like putting insulation behind all the light and plug switch plates I can get at and replacing the insulation around the outside doors and under one garage door, closing off rooms that aren't used very often, setting back the programmable thermostat, replacing almost all the indoor lights with CFLs - really basic things like that. Plus, my house was built in 1982, during the last oil crisis/renewable energy drive, so it has double paned windows already
My Energy Audit, Part 2: Windows | Department of Energy
My Energy Audit, Part 2: Windows My Energy Audit, Part 2: Windows My Energy Audit, Part 2: Windows July 9, 2012 - 1:48pm Addthis Stephanie Price Communicator, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Last time I wrote about the heating portion of my energy audit -- now for some other items that were checked. The auditor checked some of the windows, which are double-paned, and showed me cracks between the window frame and the house that should be caulked. She recommended caulking both the inside and outside. That's easy enough for me to do -- at least the inside -- so I got some clear caulking and some gadgets to ensure a smooth finish from the home improvement store (I LOVE gadgets). I'm planning to start with the downstairs windows to perfect my technique, and at one window a week, hopefully I'll be finished
Buildings Energy Data Book: 2.2 Residential Sector Characteristics
7 7 Characteristics of a Typical Single-Family Home (1) Year Built | Building Equipment Fuel Age (5) Occupants 3 | Space Heating Natural Gas 12 Floorspace | Water Heating Natural Gas 8 Heated Floorspace (SF) 1,934 | Space Cooling 8 Cooled Floorspace (SF) 1,495 | Garage 2-Car | Stories 1 | Appliances Size Age (5) Foundation Concrete Slab | Refrigerator 19 Cubic Feet 8 Total Rooms (2) 6 | Clothes Dryer Bedrooms 3 | Clothes Washer Other Rooms 3 | Range/Oven Full Bathroom 2 | Microwave Oven Half Bathroom 0 | Dishwasher Windows | Color Televisions 3 Area (3) 222 | Ceiling Fans 3 Number (4) 15 | Computer 2 Type Double-Pane | Printer Insulation: Well or Adequate | Note(s): Source(s): 2-Door Top and Bottom Electric Top-Loading Electric 1) This is a weighted-average house that has combined characteristics of the Nation's stock homes. Although the population of homes with
Field Evaluation of Highly Insulating Windows in the Lab Homes: Winter Experiment
This field evaluation of highly insulating windows was undertaken in a matched pair of 'Lab Homes' located on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) campus during the 2012 winter heating season. Improving the insulation and solar heat gain characteristics of a home's windows has the potential to significantly improve the home's building envelope and overall thermal performance by reducing heat loss (in the winter), and cooling loss and solar heat gain (in the summer) through the windows. A high quality installation and/or window retrofit will also minimize or reduce air leakage through the window cavity and thus also contribute to reduced heat loss in the winter and cooling loss in the summer. These improvements all contribute to decreasing overall annual home energy use. Occupant comfort (non-quantifiable) can also be increased by minimizing or eliminating the cold 'draft' (temperature) many residents experience at or near window surfaces that are at a noticeably lower temperature than the room air temperature. Lastly, although not measured in this experiment, highly insulating windows (triple-pane in this experiment) also have the potential to significantly reduce the noise transmittance through windows compared to standard double-pane windows. The metered data taken in the Lab Homes and data analysis presented here represent 70 days of data taken during the 2012 heating season. As such, the savings from highly insulating windows in the experimental home (Lab Home B) compared to the standard double-pane clear glass windows in the baseline home (Lab Home A) are only a portion of the energy savings expected from a year-long experiment that would include a cooling season. The cooling season experiment will take place in the homes in the summer of 2012, and results of that experiment will be reported in a subsequent report available to all stakeholders.
Parker, Graham B.; Widder, Sarah H.; Bauman, Nathan N.
Extending the Lifetime of a Network ofExtending the Lifetime of a Network of BatteryBattery--Powered Mobile Devices byPowered Mobile Devices by
!! Generator matrixGenerator matrix ""Represents the state transition rateRepresents the state transition rate: represents the expectedthe expected packet error ratepacket error rate !! State transition: models theStateCost function components ""Power consumptionPower consumption ""Transition energyTransition energy Background
Pedram, Massoud
Constraining Proton Lifetime in SO(10) with Stabilized Doublet-Triplet Splitting
We present a class of realistic unified models based on supersymmetric SO(10) wherein issues related to natural doublet-triplet (DT) splitting are fully resolved. Using a minimal set of low dimensional Higgs fields which includes a single adjoint, we show that the Dimopoulos-Wilzcek mechanism for DT splitting can be made stable in the presence of all higher order operators without having pseudo-Goldstone bosons and flat directions. The {mu} term of order TeV is found to be naturally induced. A Z{sub 2}-assisted anomalous U(1){sub A} gauge symmetry plays a crucial role in achieving these results. The threshold corrections to {alpha}{sub 3}(M{sub Z}), somewhat surprisingly, are found to be controlled by only a few effective parameters. This leads to a very predictive scenario for proton decay. As a novel feature, we find an interesting correlation between the d = 6 (p {yields} e{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}) and d = 5 (p {yields} {bar {nu}}K{sup +}) decay amplitudes which allows us to derive a constrained upper limit on the inverse rate of the e{sup +}{pi}{sup 0} mode. Our results show that both modes should be observed with an improvement in the current sensitivity by about a factor of five to ten.
Babu, K.S.; /Oklahoma State U.; Pati, Jogesh C.; /SLAC; Tavartkiladze, Zurab; /Oklahoma State U. /Tbilisi, Inst. Phys.
Long-term outlook for nuclear generation depends on lifetime of ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
These projects are currently under construction. Overall generation from nuclear power grows by 14.3% from 2011 through 2040 (see chart below).
Environment and the Lifetime of Tropical Deep Convection in a Cloud-Permitting Regional Model Simulation
By applying a cloud tracking algorithm to tropical convective systems in a simulated a regional high resolution model simulation, this study documents the environmental conditions before and after convective systems are initiated over ocean and ...
Samson Hagos; Zhe Feng; Sally McFarlane; L. Ruby Leung
Enhancing Lifetime Reliability Of Chip Multiprocessors Through 3D Resource Sharing
allows us to prevent decommissioning a whole core because aallows us to prevent decommissioning of a whole core just
Strikos, Nikolaos
Maximizing network lifetime based on transmission range adjustment in wireless sensor networks
In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the unbalanced distribution of communication loads often causes the problem of energy hole, which means the energy of the nodes in the hole region will be exhausted sooner than the nodes in other regions. This is a ... Keywords: Energy hole problem, Multi-objective optimization problem, NP hard, Wireless sensor networks
Chao Song; Ming Liu; Jiannong Cao; Yuan Zheng; Haigang Gong; Guihai Chen
Investigation of Aerosol Sources, Lifetime and Radiative Forcing through Multi-Instrument Data Assimilation
and D.C. Robertson. Modtran: A moderate resolution model forradiative transfer code, MODTRAN, which allows insertion ofproperties inserted into MODTRAN, a dataset with hundreds of
Rubin, Juli Irene
Clustering strategies for improving the lifetime of two-tiered sensor networks
In hierarchical sensor networks, sensor nodes are arranged in clusters, and higher-powered relay nodes can be used as cluster heads. Due to the limited transmission range and battery power of the nodes, it is important to develop techniques that minimize ... Keywords: Clustering, Energy-efficient, Relay nodes, Sensor networks, Two-tiered sensor networks
Ataul Bari; Arunita Jaekel; Subir Bandyopadhyay
as clouds reflect solar radiation and trap outgoing CHAPTEReffectively scatter solar radiation, such as sulfate, reduceF o = 1361W/m 2 (Solar Radiation and Climate Experiement (
The Long Lifetime of the Dispersion Methods of Pasquill in U.S. Regulatory Air Modeling
The suggestions of Pasquill as set forth in his landmark 1961 Meteorological Magazine paper are briefly reviewed. These methods are viewed from the perspective of the requirements placed upon air agencies after the passage of the Clean Air Act in ...
D. Bruce Turner
LIFETIME OF THE METASTABLE 23S1 STATE IN STORED Li+ IONS
with an oven consisting of resistive heating elementsoven is lowered over the main chamber, which is resting on a Maronite base, and heatingand heating coil in order to minimize radiation losses to the walls. This oven,
Knight, R.D.
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices operating in liquid nitrogen frequently require high-voltage bushings to carry the current leads from the superconducting windings to the room temperature grid connections. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is collaborating with Waukesha Electric Systems, SuperPower, and Southern California Edison to develop and demonstrate an HTS utility power transformer. Previous dielectric high voltage tests in support of this program have been carried out in test cryostats with commercial epoxy resin bushings from Electro Composites Inc. (ECI). Though the bushings performed well in these short-term tests, their long-term operation at high voltage in liquid nitrogen needs to be verified for use on the utility grid. Long-term tests are being carried out on a sample 28-kV-class ECI bushing. The bushing has a monolithic cast, cycloaliphatic resin body and is fire- and shatter-resistant. The test cryostat is located in an interlocked cage and is energized at 25 kVac around the clock. Liquid nitrogen (LN) is automatically refilled every 9.5 hours. Partial discharge, capacitance, and leakage resistance tests are periodically performed to check for deviations from factory values. At present, over 2400 hours have been accumulated with no changes in these parameters. The tests are scheduled to run for four to six months.
Schwenterly, S W [ORNL; Pleva, Ed [Waukesha Electric Systems, Waukesha, WI; Ha, Tam T [ORNL
Reliability and Lifetime Testing of the DARHT Second Axis Induction Cells
pulse duration requirement. The higher voltages were definedrequirement of the cells has also been achieved. Without any scaling for increased voltage,
Waldron, W.L.; Nielsen, K.E.; Spence, P.W.
Modeling of Damage and Lifetime Analysis of Plasma Facing Components During Plasma Instabilities in Tokamaks
Materials Development & Plasma-Material Interactions / Proceedings of the Nineteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE) (Part 1)
F. Genco; A. Hassanein
The Importance of Cloud Top Lifetime in the Description of Natural Cloud Characteristics
The microphysical and dynamical characteristics of 156 natural summer cumulus clouds have been documented for three locations in North America: Yellowknife, Northwest Territories; Thunder Bay, Ontario; and Miles City, Montana. The measurements (...
Robert S. Schemenauer; G. A. Isaac
Effect of Oxygen and Carbon on Lifetime in Cz Silicon Pulled from ...
... recycling feedstock of silicon for Photovoltic (PV) application is investigated. ... Challenges in the Solar Grade Silicon Production through Metallurgical�...
Thunderstorm Initiation, Organization, and Lifetime Associated with Florida Boundary Layer Convergence Lines
The initiation, organization, and longevity of thunderstorms associated with boundary layer convergence lines in the Cape Canaveral, Florida, vicinity are examined using data from the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) ...
James W. Wilson; Daniel L. Megenhardt
Transmitting and gathering streaming data in wireless multimedia sensor networks within expected network lifetime
Using multimedia sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can significantly enhance the capability of WSNs for event description. Different kinds of holes can easily appear in WSNs. How to efficiently transmit multi-media streaming data and bypass ... Keywords: cross layer design, geographical multipath routing, wireless multimedia sensor networks
Lei Shu; Yan Zhang; Zhangbing Zhou; Manfred Hauswirth; Zhiwen Yu; Gearoid Hynes
Lifetime of carbon capture and storage as a climate-change mitigation technology
of the storage process: Because the subsurface fluid dynamics of CO2 storage are complicated, studies use). 24. International Energy Agency (2011) Electricity generation by fuel in the United States (1972 and Environmental Engineering and b Mechanical Engineering, c Energy Initiative, and d Center for Computational
Improved lifetimes and synchronization behavior in multi-grid inertial electrostatic confinement fusion devices
A high output power source is required for fast, manned exploration of the solar system, especially the outer planets. Travel times measured in months, not years, will require high power, lightweight nuclear systems. The ...
McGuire, Thomas John, 1977-
Carrier energy spectrum and lifetime in quantum dots in electric field
The S-matrix formalism is used to perform analytical calculations of the spectrum of quasi-stationary states of charge carriers in a core-shell quantum dot. Analytical expressions are obtained for the second-order perturbative corrections to the position and half-width of a quasi-stationary energy level, and level shifts are calculated numerically for a core-shell quantum dot in the presence of an electrostatic field. The corrections to level half-width due to Stark effect are analyzed as functions of level energy and barrier thickness. It is shown that there exists a level position E{sub cr} such that the correction {delta}{gamma} to the level half-width changes sign. An analytical expression for the quadratic Stark shift in a dc-biased quantum well is found in semiclassical approximation. It is shown that the corresponding correction {delta}{gamma} to half-width also changes sign as energy passes through E{sub cr}. As an example, the Stark shift is calculated for a core-shell quantum dot in the electrostatic field of an adjacent protein molecule.
Zegrya, G. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Samosvat, D. M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute (Russian Federation)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
P. David Polly Lifetime Publication List 5/24/12 1 P. David Polly
-history transition · Energy allocation · Micro- and macroenvironment Resale or republication not permitted without environment come about through ge- netic adaptation, responses to the macroenvironment are based on phenotypic to the macroenviron- ment, maturation decisions will be affected by the envi- ronmental conditions individuals
Polly, David
Dynamics of tRNA Probed with Long-Lifetime Metal-Ligand ...
Aug 21, 2010 ... domain fluorometry with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. We observed shorter life- times for tRNAtyr than those�...
The lifetime of carbon capture and storage as a climate-change mitigation technology
In carbon capture and storage (CCS), CO[subscript 2] is captured at power plants and then injected underground into reservoirs like deep saline aquifers for long-term storage. While CCS may be critical for the continued ...
Szulczewski, Michael Lawrence
Estimating the Distribution of Lifetime Cumulative Radon Exposures for California Residents: A Brief Summary
Hygiene Laboratory California Department of Health ServicesLaboratory, California Department of Health Services,
Liu, K.-S.
Cloud-to-Ground Lightning throughout the Lifetime of a Severe Storm System in Oklahoma
Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data are examined relative to digitized radar data for a storm system that occurred in Oklahoma on 26 May 1985. This system evolved through three stages: 1) two lines of cells, one near the dryline and the other 60 ...
Mark A. Shafer; Donald R. MacGorman; Frederick H. Carr
ROUGH DRAFT Temperature Dependent Lifetime Measurements of Fluorescence from a Phosphor
to a computer for analysis. #12;Communication between the Tektronix Model 320 DSO and an external computer) to learn computer-based data acquisition and analysis procedures for measuring temperature dependent with LaS04:Eu phosphor compound; heater block with temperature control; thermocouple and thermocouple
Dai, Pengcheng
By applying a cloud-tracking algorithm to tropical convective systems in a regional high-resolution model simulation, this study documents the environmental conditions before and after convective systems are initiated over ocean and land by ...
Performance evaluation of fiber optic probes for tissue lifetime fluorescence spectroscopy
reflected light. Our findings can be applied towards optimization of fiber-optic probe designs Angeles, CA 90028. ABSTRACT The design of fiber-optic probes plays an important role in optical spectroscopic studies, including fluorescence spectroscopy of biological tissues. It can affect the light
Jones, Linda R.
Utilizing Oxygen Uptake to Predict Lifetimes of Elastomeric O-rings
Radioactive Demonstrations of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) with Hanford Low Activity Wastes � Radionuclide Behavior and Geochemistry in Boom
ramped over a range ~ 5 volts through the particular voltagecm r = 3.0 cm Q = 2TT X 1.0 MHz V U D = 250 - 400 volts =0 - 30 volts = 8 - 1 8 volts u) = 2ir x 1 0 0 K H z AU = 10
Word learning in context : the role of lifetime language input and sentential context
Quarterly,�20,�482?496. � McLaughlin,� J. ,� Osterhout,�785?806. � Osterhout,�L. ,�McLaughlin,�J. ,�Pitkanen,�I. ,�language� learners� (McLaughlin,� Osterhout,� &� Kim,�
Borovsky, Arielle
Lifetime of Anthropogenic Climate Change: Millennial Time Scales of Potential CO2 and Surface Temperature Perturbations
Multimillennial simulations with a fully coupled climate�carbon cycle model are examined to assess the persistence of the climatic impacts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is found that the time required to absorb anthropogenic CO2 strongly ...
M. Eby; K. Zickfeld; A. Montenegro; D. Archer; K. J. Meissner; A. J. Weaver
Hampshire Concord, New Hampshire Albany, New York Brooklyn,the State of New York, 10 vols, (Albany 1906) The Armstrongin the State of New York, 10 vols, (Albany 1906) :913 Van
Thin, High Lifetime Silicon Wafers with No Sawing; Re-crystallization in a Thin Film Capsule
The project fits within the area of renewable energy called photovoltaics (PV), or the generation of electricity directly from sunlight using semiconductor devices. PV has the greatest potential of any renewable energy technology. The vast majority of photovoltaic modules are made on crystalline silicon wafers and these wafers accounts for the largest fraction of the cost of a photovoltaic module. Thus, a method of making high quality, low cost wafers would be extremely beneficial to the PV industry The industry standard technology creates wafers by casting an ingot and then sawing wafers from the ingot. Sawing rendered half of the highly refined silicon feedstock as un-reclaimable dust. Being a brittle material, the sawing is actually a type of grinding operation which is costly both in terms of capital equipment and in terms of consumables costs. The consumables costs associated with the wire sawing technology are particularly burdensome and include the cost of the wire itself (continuously fed, one time use), the abrasive particles, and, waste disposal. The goal of this project was to make wafers directly from molten silicon with no sawing required. The fundamental concept was to create a very low cost (but low quality) wafer of the desired shape and size and then to improve the quality of the wafer by a specialized thermal treatment (called re-crystallization). Others have attempted to create silicon sheet by recrystallization with varying degrees of success. Key among the difficulties encountered by others were: a) difficulty in maintaining the physical shape of the sheet during the recrystallization process and b) difficulty in maintaining the cleanliness of the sheet during recrystallization. Our method solved both of these challenges by encapsulating the preform wafer in a protective capsule prior to recrystallization (see below). The recrystallization method developed in this work was extremely effective at maintaining the shape and the cleanliness of the wafer. In addition, it was found to be suitable for growing very large crystals. The equipment used was simple and inexpensive to operate. Reasonable solar cells were fabricated on re-crystallized material.
Emanuel Sachs Tonio Buonassisi
Estimation of statistical variation in temporal NBTI degradation and its impact on lifetime circuit performance
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in MOSFETs is one of the major reliability concerns in sub-100nm technologies. So far, studies of NBTI and its impact on circuit performance have assumed an average behavior of the degradation process. However, ...
Kunhyuk Kang; Sang Phill Park; Kaushik Roy; Muhammad A. Alam
Incorporating Plastic Collapse into the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Methodology in Determining Crack Propagation Lifetimes
Fusion Materials�Radiation Effects and Activation / Proceedings of the Seveth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Reno, Nevada, June 15�19, 1986)
B. B. Glasgow; W. G. Wolfer
A soft computing method for detecting lifetime building thermal insulation failures
The detection of thermal insulation failures in buildings in operation responds to the challenge of improving building energy efficiency. This multidisciplinary study presents a novel four-step soft computing knowledge identification model called IKBIS ...
Javier Sedano; Leticia Curiel; Emilio Corchado; Enrique de la Cal; Jos� R. Villar
lltion to tre sol,thll! ' aerosols and sulfur dioxidP. inof snlfur rlioxirle by aerosols of rnanganesP KinPtics ofof various urhan Sillfate aerosols prorluction r1echani sns.
Lifetime of micrometer-sized drops of oil pressed by buoyancy against a planar interface
Emulsion Stability Simulations (ESS) are used to estimate the coalescence time of one drop of hexadecane pressed by buoyancy against a planar water/hexadecane interface. In the present simulations the homophase is represented by a big drop of oil at least 500 times larger than the approaching drop ($1\\,\\mu$m to $10\\,\\mu$m). Both deformable and non-deformable drops are considered along with six different diffusion tensors. In each case van der Waals, electrostatic, steric and buoyancy forces are taken into account. The coalescence times are estimated as the average of 1000 random walks. It is found that the repulsive potential barrier has a significant influence in the results. The experimental data can only be reproduced assuming negligible repulsive barriers, as well as non-deformable drops that move with a combination of Stokes and Taylor tensors as they approach the interface.
Clara Rojas; German Urbina-Villalba; Maximo Garcia-Sucre
Integrated topology control and routing in wireless sensor networks for prolonged network lifetime
This study considers an integrated topology control and routing problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are employed to gather data via use of sensors with limited energy resources. We employ a hierarchical topology and routing structure with ... Keywords: Algorithms, Data gathering, Network design models, Wireless sensor networks
Halit �ster; Hui Lin
Lifetime estimation of intrinsic silicon nitride MIM capacitors in a gan MMIC process
We have studied the reliability of intrinsic SiN MIM capacitors designed for 48 V and 125 [superscript 0]C operation and manufactured in a GaN process flow. It is shown that very small area capacitors (10um x 10um) with a ...
Demirtas, Sefa
Technical support document for proposed 1994 revision of the MEC thermal envelope requirements
This report documents the development of the proposed revision of the Council of American Building Officials` (CABO) 1994 supplement to the 1993 Model Energy Code (MEC) building thermal envelope requirements for maximum component U{sub 0}-value. The 1994 amendments to the 1993 MEC were established in last year`s code change cycle and did not change the envelope requirements. The research underlying the proposed MEC revision was conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Building Energy Standards program. The goal of this research was to develop revised guidelines based on an objective methodology that determines the most cost-effective (least total cost) combination of energy conservation measures (ECMs) (insulation levels and window types) for residential buildings. This least-cost set of ECMs was used as a basis for proposing revised MEC maximum U{sub 0}-values (thermal transmittances). ECMs include window types (for example, double-pane vinyl) and insulation levels (for example, R-19) for ceilings, walls, and floors.
Conner, C.C.; Lucas, R.G.
Energy Efficiency Upgrades
The energy efficiency upgrades project at Hardin County General Hospital did not include research nor was it a demonstration project. The project enabled the hospital to replace outdated systems with modern efficient models. Hardin County General Hospital is a 501c3, nonprofit hospital and the sole community provider for Hardin and Pope Counties of Illinois. This project provided much needed equipment and facility upgrades that would not have been possible through locally generated funding. Task 1 was a reroofing of the hospital. The hospital architect designed the replacement to increase the energy efficiency of the hospital roof/ceiling structure. Task 2 was replacement and installation of a new more efficient CT scanner for the hospital. Included in the project was replacement of HVAC equipment for the entire radiological suite. Task 5 was a replacement and installation of a new higher capacity diesel-fueled emergency generator for the hospital replacing a 50+ year old gas-fired generator. Task 7 was the replacement of 50+ year-old walk-in cooler/freezer with a newer, energy efficient model. Task 8 was the replacement of 10+ year-old washing machines in the hospital laundry with higher capacity, energy efficient models. Task 9 was replacement of 50-year old single pane curtain window system with double-pane insulated windows. Additionally, insulation was added around ventilation systems and the curtain wall system.
Roby Williams
Buildings Energy Data Book: 5.2 Windows
6 6 2005 Residential Prime Window Stock (Million Households) Double Pane Census Division New England 5.3 Middle Atlantic 15.0 East North Central 17.3 West North Central 7.7 South Atlantic 21.3 East South Central 6.8 West South Central 12.1 Mountain 7.3 Pacific 16.4 United States 109.2 Selected States New York 7.0 Florida 6.7 Texas 7.6 California 12.0 Note(s): Source(s): 1) Respondents were shown pictures of different types of window glass and were asked "Which picture best describes the type of glass in the windows of your home/apartment?" 2) An additional 1.3 million households not counted here use other types of windows such as triple-pane windows. EIA, 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Tables HC 11.5, HC 12.5, HC 13.5, HC 14.5, and HC 15.5, April 2008. 5.1 2.5
Direct Correlation of CdTe Solar Cell Stabiity with Mobile Ion Charge Generation During Accelerated Lifetime Testing: Preprint
CdS/CdTe cells deposited on CTO/ZTO TCO substrates show greater degradation than similar devices fabricated on cSnO2/iSnO2 substrates.
Albin, D. S.; Dhere, R. G.; Glynn, S. C.; Metzger, W. K.
Lifetime Test of a Partial Model of a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Helium-Helium Heat Exchanger
H. Design Codes and Life Prediction / Status of Metallic Materials Development for Application in Advanced High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor / Material
Masaki Kitagawa; Hiroshi Hattori; Akira Ohtomo; Tetsuo Teramae; Junichi Hamanaka; Hiroshi Ukikusa
SoftPCM: Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Lifetime of Phase Change Memory in Video Applications via Approximate Write
Modern video applications such as video codecs are memory-intensive. As an emerging non-volatile memory technology, phase change memory (PCM) will benefit video applications due to its high density, low leakage power and superior scalability. However, ... Keywords: Approximate write, data-comparison write, error tolerance, PCM, write endurance
Yuntan Fang; Huawei Li; Xiaowei Li
Correlations of Capacitance-Voltage Hysteresis with Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cell Performance During Accelerated Lifetime Testing
In this paper we present the correlation of CdTe solar cell performance with capacitance-voltage hysteresis, defined presently as the difference in capacitance measured at zero-volt bias when collecting such data with different pre-measurement bias conditions. These correlations were obtained on CdTe cells stressed under conditions of 1-sun illumination, open-circuit bias, and an acceleration temperature of approximately 100 degrees C.
Albin, D.; del Cueto, J.
Weaving time into system architecture : new perspectives on flexibility, spacecraft design lifetime, and on-orbit servicing
A roadmap for a comprehensive treatment of issues of flexibility in system design is developed that addresses the following questions: 1) What are the characteristic features of flexibility in system design? Can one clearly ...
Saleh, Joseph Homer, 1971-
Effect on the Lifetime of an Atom Undergoing a Dipole Transition Due to the Presence of a Resonating Atom
The modification of the transition rate from the Einstein A coefficient for an atomic dipole transition due to the presence of a similar atom is obtained without the use of damping theory.
Edwin A. Power
Relationship of loss, mean age of air and the distribution of CFCs to stratospheric circulation and implications for atmospheric lifetimes
as the appliances remain operational, the CFCs are sealed and not released to the atmosphere. The magnitude and rate and the simulations used here. This version of the GMI CTM uses the same advection scheme, the same look-up tables
Jackman, Charles H.
Measurements of the top quark pair production cross section and an estimate of the D0 silicon detector lifetime
This thesis presents two measurements of the top quark pair production cross section at {radical}s = 1:96 TeV using data from the D0 experiment. Both measurements are performed in the dilepton final state and make use of secondary vertex b-tagging.
Strandberg, Sara; /Stockholm U.
individuAl lifeTime membership ApplicATion: The minerAls, meTAls ...
electronic materials energy environmental effects environmental issues experimental methods ... magnesium manufacturing and markets ... titanium. 12- 273. Check here if you would not like tms to make your contact information available.
5 5 Residential Prime Window Sales, by Glass Type (Million Units) 1980 8.6 34% 0.0 0% 16.6 66% 25.2 100% 1990 4.9 14% 12.0 34% 18.7 53% 35.6 100% 1993 2.8 14% 17.2 84% 0.4 2% 20.4 100% 1995 5.5 12% 37.8 85% 1.3 3% 44.5 100% 1999 4.8 8% 55.2 89% 2.0 3% 62.0 100% 2001 3.9 7% 50.9 90% 1.5 3% 56.3 100% 2003 4.7 7% 55.9 89% 2.2 4% 62.8 100% 2005 4.2 6% 63.8 91% 2.5 3% 70.5 100% 2007 2.7 5% 55.0 93% 1.4 2% 59.1 100% 2009 1.6 4% 36.2 93% 1.2 3% 38.9 100% Note(s): 1) IG = insulated glazing. Source(s): Double Pane Single Pane Sealed IG (1) Other Total AAMA/NWWDA, Study of the U.S. Market for Windows and Doors, 1996, Table 22, p.49; AAMA/WDMA, Study of U.S. and Canadian Market for Windows and Doors, Apr. 2000, Exhibit E.7, p. 55; AAMA/WDMA, Study of the Market for U.S. Doors, Windows and Skylights, Apr. 2004, Exhibit D.4, p. 46; AAMA/WDMA, Study of U.S. Market for Windows, Doors, and Skylights, Apr. 2006, Exhibit D.8 Conventional Window Glass Usage, p. 50; AAMA/WDMA, Study of U.S.
Influence of the time-dependent surfactant adsorption on the lifetime of a drop pressed by buoyancy against a planar interface
Emulsion Stability Simulations (ESS) of deformable droplets are used to study the influence of the time-dependent adsorption on the coalescence time of a 200-$\\mu$m drop of soybean oil pressed by buoyancy against a planar water/oil interface. The interface is represented by a 5000-$\\mu$m drop of oil fixed in the space. The movement of the small drop is determined by the interaction forces between the drops, the buoyancy force, and its thermal interaction with the solvent. The interaction forces depend on the surface concentration of surfactant molecules at the oil/water interfaces. Assuming diffusion limited adsorption, the surface excess of the surfactant becomes a function of its apparent diffusion constant, $D_{app}$. Distinct probability distributions of the coalescence time are obtained depending on the magnitude of $D_{app}$. The origin and the significance of these distributions are discussed.
Clara Rojas; Maximo Garcia-Sucre; German Urbina-Villalba
European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Valencia, Spain, 6-10 September 2010, 2CV.3.84 DYNAMIC LIFETIME IMAGING BASED ON PHOTOLUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS
equilibration within all pigments of PSII, (2) the transfer-to-trap limited (TTL) model9 assumes fast equilibra
~ @ o> t:r:1 ~ >-1 ttl Zen '"'o td c:: t"'" t"'" tr1 :l to ~ to #12;SELECTIO A D CARE OF THE FARM SHEEP
2005 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins University, March 1618, 2005 Maximizing the Lifetime of Sensor Network Using
of energy is thus wasted). Aiming at a better balance between the aver- age transmission energy and the average wasted energy, we propose a new distributed transmission scheme which utilizes the local is wasted. Hence, the wasted energy is given by Ew = NX k=1 ek(LT + 1). (4) Appendix A shows
Radiation Risk from Chronic Low Dose-Rate Radiation Exposures: The Role of Life-Time Animal Studies - Workshop October 2005
As a part of Radiation research conference, a workshop was held on life-long exposure studies conducted in the course of irradiation experiements done at Argonne National Laboratory between 1952-1992. A recent review article documents many of the issues discussed at that workshop.
Gayle Woloschak
A framework for real-time power management of a grid-tied microgrid to extend battery lifetime and reduce cost of energy
Because of different technical and economical concerns, battery is happened to be an inevitable part of a microgrid as well as the most expensive component. This fact brings up the necessity of a real-time power management to guarantee the maximum possible ...
S. A. Pourmousavi; Ratnesh K. Sharma; Babak Asghari
A non-invasive approach to study lifetime exposure and bioaccumulation of PCBs in protected marine mammals: PBPK modeling in harbor porpoises
In the last decade, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have increasingly been developed to explain the kinetics of environmental pollutants in wildlife. For marine mammals specifically, these models provide a new, non-destructive tool that enables the integration of biomonitoring activities and in vitro studies. The goals of the present study were firstly to develop PBPK models for several environmental relevant PCB congeners in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), a species that is sensitive to pollution because of its limited metabolic capacity for pollutant transformation. These models were tested using tissue data of porpoises from the Black Sea. Secondly, the predictive power of the models was investigated for time trends in the PCB concentrations in North Sea harbor porpoises between 1990 and 2008. Thirdly, attempts were made to assess metabolic capacities of harbor porpoises for the investigated PCBs. In general, results show that parameter values from other species (rodents, humans) are not always suitable in marine mammal models, most probably due to differences in physiology and exposure. The PCB 149 levels decrease the fastest in male harbor porpoises from the North Sea in a time period of 18 years, whereas the PCB 101 levels decrease the slowest. According to the models, metabolic breakdown of PCB 118 is probably of lesser importance compared to other elimination pathways. For PCB 101 and 149 however, the presence of their metabolites can be attributed to bioaccumulation of metabolites from the prey and to metabolic breakdown of the parent compounds in the harbor porpoises. - Highlights: > PBPK modeling was used to study the kinetics of several PCBs in a marine mammal. > Harbor porpoises are sensitive to pollution and therefore ideal model organisms. > Black Sea data were used for parameterization. > North Sea data for assessing temporal trends (1990-2008). > PBPK modeling is a non-invasive and non-destructive tool.
Weijs, Liesbeth, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp (Belgium); Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk (Belgium); Covaci, Adrian [Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp (Belgium); Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk (Belgium); Yang, Raymond S.H. [Quantitative and Computational Toxicology Group, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (United States); Das, Krishna [Laboratory for Oceanology-MARE Center, University of Liege, 4000 Liege (Belgium); Blust, Ronny [Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp (Belgium)
Re-evaluation of the lifetimes of the major CFCs and CH[subscript 3]CCl[subscript 3] using atmospheric trends
Since the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments came into effect, growth rates of the major ozone depleting substances (ODS), particularly CFC-11, -12 and -113 and CH[subscript ...
O'Doherty, S.
PV String to 3-Phase Inverter with Highest Voltage Capabilities, Highest Efficiency and 25 Year Lifetime: Final Technical Report, November 7, 2011 - November 6, 2012
Final report for Renewable Power Conversion. The overall objective of this project was to develop a prototype PV inverter which enables a new utility-scale PV system approach where the cost, performance, reliability and safety benefits of this new approach have the potential to make all others obsolete.
West, R.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS, VOL. 118, 938951, doi:10.1002/jgre.20077, 2013 Magnetodynamo lifetimes for rocky, Earth-mass exoplanets
Fe at center 5391 K NT Effective dissipation temperature 3500 K S Entropy of fusion 118(e) J mol1 K] examined the effect of surface temperatures and plate tectonics. They found that higher surface tempera numerical simulations. [6] Furthermore, numerical models can adequately treat the effects of a nonuniform
Conrad, Clint
Power Scaling of Tm:fiber Lasers to the kW Level Peter F. Moulton
(arb.units) LO data broadband Double exponential fit 633 usec lifetime 281 usec lifetime #12;Initial portion of 3
Kik, Pieter
Investigation of the Relationship between Green Design and Project Delivery Methods
low-e windows, ground source heat pumps, walk-in cooler heatmaximize daylighting; ground source heat pump system; low-e
Bilec, Melissa M.
Side-by-Side Field Evaluation of Highly Insulating Windows in the PNNL Lab Homes
To examine the energy, air leakage, and thermal performance of highly insulating windows, a field evaluation was undertaken in a matched pair of all-electric, factory-built �Lab Homes� located on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) campus in Richland, Washington. The �baseline� Lab Home B was retrofitted with �standard� double-pane clear aluminum-frame slider windows and patio doors, while the �experimental� Lab Home A was retrofitted with Jeld-Wen� triple-pane vinyl-frame slider windows and patio doors with a U-factor of 0.2 and solar heat gain coefficient of 0.19. To assess the window, the building shell air leakage, energy use, and interior temperatures of each home were compared during the 2012 winter heating and summer cooling seasons. The measured energy savings in Lab Home B averaged 5,821 watt-hours per day (Wh/day) during the heating season and 6,518 Wh/day during the cooling season. The overall whole-house energy savings of Lab Home B compared to Lab Home A are 11.6% � 1.53% for the heating season and 18.4 � 2.06% for the cooling season for identical occupancy conditions with no window coverings deployed. Extrapolating these energy savings numbers based on typical average heating degree days and cooling degree days per year yields an estimated annual energy savings of 12.2%, or 1,784 kWh/yr. The data suggest that highly insulating windows are an effective energy-saving measure that should be considered for high-performance new homes and in existing retrofits. However, the cost effectiveness of the measure, as determined by the simple payback period, suggests that highly insulating window costs continue to make windows difficult to justify on a cost basis alone. Additional reductions in costs via improvements in manufacturing and/or market penetration that continue to drive down costs will make highly insulating windows much more viable as a cost-effective energy efficiency measure. This study also illustrates that highly insulating windows have important impacts on peak load, occupant comfort, and condensation potential, which are not captured in the energy savings calculation. More consistent and uniform interior temperature distributions suggest that highly insulated windows, as part of a high performance building envelope, may enable more centralized duct design and downsized HVAC systems. Shorter, more centralized duct systems and smaller HVAC systems to yield additional cost savings, making highly insulating windows more cost effective as part of a package of new construction or retrofit measures which achieve significant reductions in home energy use.
Widder, Sarah H.; Parker, Graham B.; Baechler, Michael C.; Bauman, Nathan N.
Glazing materials for solar and architectural applications. Final report
This report summarizes five collaborative research projects on glazings performed by participants in Subtask C of IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (SHC) Task 10, Materials Research and Testing. The projects include materials characterization, optical and thermal measurements, and durability testing of several types of new glazings Three studies were completed on electrochromic and dispersed liquid crystals for smart windows, and two were completed for low-E coatings and transparent insulation materials for more conventional window and wall applications. In the area of optical switching materials for smart windows, the group developed more uniform characterization parameters that are useful to determine lifetime and performance of electrochromics. The detailed optical properties of an Asahi (Japan) prototype electrochromic window were measured in several laboratories. A one square meter array of prototype devices was tested outdoors and demonstrated significant cooling savings compared to tinted static glazing. Three dispersed liquid crystal window devices from Taliq (USA) were evaluated. In the off state, these liquid crystal windows scatter light greatly. When a voltage of about 100 V ac is applied, these windows become transparent. Undyed devices reduce total visible light transmittance by only .25 when switched, but this can be increased to .50 with the use of dyed liquid crystals. A wide range of solar-optical and emittance measurements were made on low-E coated glass and plastic. Samples of pyrolytic tin oxide from Ford glass (USA) and multilayer metal-dielectric coatings from Interpane (Germany) and Southwall (USA) were evaluated. In addition to optical characterization, the samples were exposure-tested in Switzerland. The thermal and optimal properties of two different types of transparent insulation materials were measured.
Lampert, C.M. [ed.
Economics of residential gas furnaces and water heaters in US new construction market
Lifetime Operating Cost Energy Prices Maintenance/ RepairRate Maintenance Cost Energy Price Trend Fig. 3 Life-cyclee.g. , discount rate, energy prices, and equipment lifetime)
Lekov, Alex B.; Franco, Victor H.; Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle; McMahon, James E.; Chan, Peter
APS News 2009 | Advanced Photon Source
ICALEPCS Lifetime Achievement Award to Martin Kraimer ICALEPCS Lifetime Achievement Award to Martin Kraimer October 28, 2009 Martin R. Kraimer, formerly of the Controls Group in...
The Distribution of Data Management Responsibility within Scientific Research Groups
cycling, lifetime, battery capacity, sleep power, activeDuty Cycle Lifetime Battery capacity Energy left untappedthe available battery power, capacity, and other variables
Wallis, Jillian C.
Trends in asthma health care utilization at University Medical Center (UMC) of Southern Nevada in Las Vegas, 2000-2007.
??Lifetime asthma prevalence is the physician diagnosis of asthma while current asthma prevalence is the existing asthma symptoms. In Nevada, the pediatric current and lifetime� (more)
Henderson, Aishia Tennille
Fuel Cell Bus Workshop
ASTs UTC: demonstrating long lifetime in real UTC: demonstrating long lifetime in real-world bus operation world bus operation Ballard: developing strategies to Ballard:...
Market introduction of pyrolytic low
and overall performance compare to existing low-e? Different tradeoff between U-value and solar transmission New applications (e.g., storm windows) not available to existing low-e...
high-performance glass-low-e or spectrally selective coatings. In colder climates, select gas-filled windows with low-e coatings to reduce heat loss. In warmer climates, select...
Fenestration of Today and Tomorrow: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Opportunities
cell glazing; Aerogel; Low-emissivity coating; Low-e; WindowWindows using aerogels and no low-e coatings can alreadya suspended coating glazing product and an aerogel glazing
Petter Jelle, Bjorn
Technology Advancements to Lower Costs of Electrochromic Window Glazing
An Electrochromic (EC) Window is a solar control device that can electronically regulate the flow of sunlight and heat. In the case of the SageGlass{reg_sign} EC window, this property derives from a proprietary all-ceramic, intrinsically durable thin-film stack applied to an inner surface of a glass double-pane window. As solar irradiation and temperatures change, the window can be set to an appropriate level of tint to optimize the comfort and productivity of the occupants as well as to minimize building energy usage as a result of HVAC and lighting optimization. The primary goal of this project is to replace certain batch processes for EC thin film deposition resulting in a complete in-line vacuum process that will reduce future capital and labor coats, while increasing throughput and yields. This will require key technology developments to replace the offline processes. This project has enabled development of the next generation of electrochromic devices suitable for large-scale production. Specifically, the requirements to produce large area devices cost effectively require processes amenable to mass production, using a variety of different substrate materials, having minimal handling and capable of being run at high yield. The present SageGlass{reg_sign} production process consists of two vacuum steps separated by an atmospheric process. This means that the glass goes through several additional handling steps, including venting and pumping down to go from vacuum to atmosphere and back, which can only serve to introduce additional defects associated with such processes. The aim of this project therefore was to develop a process which would eliminate the need for the atmospheric process. The overall project was divided into several logical tasks which would result in a process ready to be implemented in the present SAGE facility. Tasks 2 and 3 were devoted to development and the optimization of a new thin film material process. These tasks are more complicated than would be expected, as it has been determined in the past that there are a number of interactions between the new material and the layers beneath, which have an important effect on the behavior of the device. The effects of these interactions needed to be understood in order for this task to be successful. Tasks 4 and 5 were devoted to production of devices using the novel technology developed in the previous tasks. In addition, characterization tests were required to ensure the devices would perform adequately as replacements for the existing technology. Each of these tasks has been achieved successfully. In task 2, a series of potential materials were surveyed, and ranked in order of desirability. Prototype device structures were produced and characterized in order to do this. This satisfied the requirements for Task 2. From the results of this relatively extensive survey, the number of candidate materials was reduced to one or two. Small devices were made in order to test the functionality of such samples, and a series of optimization experiments were carried out with encouraging results. Devices were fabricated, and some room temperature cycling carried out showing that there are no fundamental problems with this technology. This series of achievements satisfied the requirements for Tasks 3 and 4. The results obtained from Task 3 naturally led to scale-up of the process, so a large cathode was obtained and installed in a spare slot in the production coater, and a series of large devices fabricated. In particular, devices with dimensions of 60-inch x 34-inch were produced, using processes which are fully compatible with mass production. Testing followed, satisfying the requirements for Task 5. As can be seen from this discussion, all the requirements of the project have therefore been successfully achieved. The devices produced using the newly developed technology showed excellent optical properties, often exceeding the performance of the existing technology, equivalent durability results, and promise a significantly simplified manufacturing approach, the
Mark Burdis; Neil Sbar
Multi-Building Microgrids for a Distributed Energy Future in Portugal
Efficiency (%) Heat to Power Ratio Lifetime (years) Portuguese market context, of the continuous solar thermal
Mendes, Goncalo
Spectroscopy of Photovoltaic Materials: Charge-Transfer Complexes and Titanium Dioxide
lifetime measurements on the laser system. Measurements weremeasurements were performed using two laser systems: a 40
Dillon, Robert
Wenqi (Wendy) Guo
... sensor communication, interference mapping, interference avoidance; (2) Energy-efficient wireless sensor communication, battery lifetime, battery ...
Rural electrification, climate change, and local economies: Facilitating communication in development policy and practice on Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast
Lifetime�costs�for�wind/solar�integration�into�Orinoco�and�Lifetime�costs�for�wind/solar�integration�into�Orinoco�and�biogas,�as�well�as�integration�of�wind�and�solar. �� The�
Casillas, Christian E.
5. K. Sauer and G. T. Brewington, Fluorescence Lifetimes of59. K. Sauer and G. T. Brewington, Fluorescence Lifetimes ofA. Bates* John D. Bolt Grace T. Brewington Larry R. Costello
The Size Distribution and Mass-Weighted Terminal Velocity of Low-Latitude Tropopause Cirrus Crystal Populations
Ice crystal terminal velocities govern the lifetime of radiatively complex, climatologically important, low-latitude tropopause cirrus clouds. To better understand cloud lifetimes, the terminal velocities of low-latitude tropopause cirrus cloud ...
C. G. Schmitt; A. J. Heymsfield
Buildings Energy Data Book: 5.3 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation...
Lifetimes and Ages Median Equipment Type Lifetime Air Conditioners Through-the-Wall 15 Water-CooledPackage 24 (1) Roof-Top 15 Chillers Reciprocating 20 Centrifugal 25 (1)...
Triple Low-E Glazing Triple Low-E Glazing Triple-Glazed, High-solar-gain Low-E Glass This figure illustrates the performance of a window with a very low heat loss rate (low U-factor). In this case there are three glazing layers and two low-E coatings, ½" argon gas or ¼" krypton gas fill between glazings, and low-conductance edge spacers. The middle glazing layer can be glass or suspended plastic film. Some windows use four glazing layers (two glass layers and two suspended plastic films). This product is suited for buildings located in very cold climates. Both Low-E coatings in this product have high solar heat and visible light transmittance, which is ideal for passive solar design. The use of three layers, however, results in lower solar heat gain relative to double glazing with high-solar-gain Low-E.
Dislocation Core Effects on Mobility , Vasily V. Bulatov1
lifetime depends on the exact combination of defects left as a result of cascade debris. As mentioned above
Cai, Wei
Photoluminescence study of GaAs films on Si(100) grown by atomic hydrogen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Keywords: atomic hydrogen-mediated epitaxy, lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy, minority carrier lifetime, molecular beam epitaxy, photoluminescence decay, solar cells
Yoshitaka Okada; Shigeru Ohta; Akio Kawabata; Hirofumi Shimomura; Mitsuo Kawabe
Thanks to the people on my e-mail list for all the suggestions (more than 100!) about my draft "Tell Barack Obama the Truth the Whole Truth". Most frequent criticism: the need for an
the outline for what must be donev . Because of the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in the air, slowing
Hansen, James E.
... "An Application Footprint Reference Set: Tracking the Lifetime of Software" at USDepartment of Defense Cyber Crime Conference 2012 , January ...
Information Technology Solutions
Rechargeable batteries presently provide limited energy density and cyclical lifetime for ... and micro-electrical-mechanical systems ... tinuous integration approach.
classroom investigations: QNI - SRCH Catchin' Some Z's - Energy Momentum Mass - Accelerators - Detectors - Relativistic Lifetimes - Standard Model Other Sites Particle Graffiti...
Computer Modeling Illuminates Degradation Pathways of Cations in Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells (Fact Sheet)
Cation degradation insights obtained by computational modeling could result in better performance and longer lifetime for alkaline membrane fuel cells.
Project Evaluation
issues related to the capital intensity and long lifetime ofto the increased capital intensity of the economy. Suppose
Smal, Kenneth A.
NIST SP 800-36, Guide to Selection Information Technology ...
... password policies, including length, complexity, and lifetime. ... infrastructure and recurring cost parameters. ... many cases, not standalone systems, but ...
NIST SP 800-81 Revision 1, Secure Domain Name System ...
... guidelines for the cost-effective security ... Key Rollovers (Key Lifetimes)....11-1 ... as a standalone administrative entity ...
www.dalinnovation.com Industry LIaIsonand Innovation
efficiencies and lifetimes of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays. OLEDs are widely touted as the next
Beaumont, Christopher
Cyclobutene photochemistry. Sub-stituent effects on the photochemistry
reaction is suggested. Triplet-triplet absorption spectra and triplet lifetimes of I-phenyl-, 1-(porn
Leigh, William J.
Materials Development for Nuclear Applications and Extreme ...
Presentations that combine experiment with theory, modeling and simulation to enhance our understanding of ... Lifetime extension of existing nuclear reactors
Energy efficient networking via dynamic relay node selection in wireless networks
Mobile wireless ad hoc networks need to maximize their network lifetime (defined as the time until the first node runs out of energy). In the broadcast network lifetime problem, all nodes are sending broadcast traffic, and one asks for an assignment ... Keywords: Ad hoc networks, Average case analysis, Network lifetime, Random graphs
Maurits De Graaf
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN Faculteit Wiskunde en Informatica
: Two factories produce light bulbs whose lifetimes (measured in thousands of hours) are exponential. (a) What is the probability that the lifetime of a light bulb produced by the first fac- tory is less then 1000 hours? What is the probability that the lifetime of a light bulb produced by the second factory
Giardinà, Cristian
58 2. STATISTICS 2. Estimation problems
light bulbs whose lifetimes may be assumed to be expo- nential random variables with a mean life-time µ example above, namely the lie-time distribution of light bulbs. Observe that we have parameterized. We take a sample of 50 bulbs at random and measure their life-times X1,...,X50. Based on this data
Krishnapur, Manjunath
Energy Efficiency | Department of Energy
Houck Low E Brings High Savings in Newark, Delaware Newark, Delaware used an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant to install energy efficient windows and lights. July...
Renewables Portfolio Standard (Connecticut) | Open Energy Information
Wave Energy, Wind, Natural Gas, Low E Renewables Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector StateTerritory Energy Category Energy Efficiency Incentive Programs, Renewable Energy...
PA St. Luke's Miners Memorial Hospital Energy Efficiency Project Replacement of window curtain walls at existing St. Luke's Miners Memorial Hospital Building. New low-E...
... IONIZING RADIATION DOSIMETRY PT APPLICATION (REV. ... CATEGORY I: HIGH-DOSE, PHOTONS IA General ... E point source ? IIIC Low E point ...
Low-E Glazing Low-E Glazing Double-Glazed, High-solar-gain Low-E Glass This figure illustrates the characteristics of a typical double-glazed window with a high-solar gain low-E glass with argon gas fill. These windows are designed to reduce heat loss but admit solar gain. High-solar-gain low-E glass products are best suited for buildings located in heating-dominated climates and are the product of choice for passive solar design projects. High-solar-gain low-E glass is often made with pyrolytic low-E coatings, although sputtered high-solar-gain low-E is also available. Double HSG Low-E Center of Glass Properties Note: These values are for the center of glass only. They should only be used to compare the effect of different glazing types, not to compare total window products. Frame choice can drastically affect performance. These values represent double glazing with a 1/2" air gap.
Microsoft Word - Sept98_report.doc
LIFETIME STUDIES AT THE APS LIFETIME STUDIES AT THE APS Annick Ropert, ESRF Plan The studies presented in this note are focused on the lifetime characterization with positrons for the symmetrical low β y lattice. Before switching back to electrons, detailed lifetime studies were performed in order to gather data that could be compared to similar ones with electrons, the ultimate goal being to define a model that could be used to predict lifetimes. The report is divided into three parts: - simulations to allow decoupling of the different contributions to the lifetime - review of the experimental conditions and related problems -analysis of the data and discussion of the limitations Experimental data Typical data gathered during operation with a standard filling pattern (fill at 100 mA with 10 mA
Neutron beta-decay, Standard Model and cosmology
The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. The neutron lifetime recently obtained, 878.5 +/- 0.7stat +/- 0.3sys s, is the most accurate one to date. The new result for the neutron lifetime differs from the world average value by 6.5 standard deviations. The impact of the new result on testing of Standard Model and on data analysis for the primordial nucleosynthesis model is scrutinized.
A. P. Serebrov
Shape Memory Alloys Aid Design of Earthquake-Resistant Bridges
Sep 5, 2013 ... Materials Education ... ECC would be about 3 percent higher than the cost of a conventional bridge, the bridge's lifetime cost would decrease.
Accelerator Operations and Physics - Advanced Photon Source
Data Review Fill History RMD Reports ASD AES XSD APS Argonne Accelerator Operations & Physics Operational Items Storage ring current and lifetime On-axis Brilliance Plots Source...
Frequency Synthesis for Atomic Standards
... A new generation of synthesizers includes digital control of the oscillators so that ... needed over a 25-year lifetime of normal aging; power from single ...
Probabilistic Assessment of Failure Risk in Gas Turbine Discs.
?? Gas turbine discs are heavily loaded due to centrifugal and thermal loads and are therefore designed for a service lifetime specified in hours and� (more)
Forsberg, Fredrik
Tuesday Session - TMS
... Department 1831, Mail Stop 0340, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185; .... and failure process that makes prediction of solder joint lifetime complex.
1999 TMS Annual Meeting: LMD Luncheon
... the specific CO2 emissions and energy consumption over the total lifetime. ... of scrap, technology, commercial cooperation, logisitics, etc. are included.
experimental observa- tion of CP violation, we briefly update the results on b quark production and lifetimes. Since this edition features separate reviews on the determination of...
Enrico Fermi and the First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Chain Reaction
stature for their lifetimes of exceptional achievement in the development, use, or production of energy (broadly defined to include the science and technology of nuclear, atomic,...
Environmental Energy Technologies Division News
battery recharges), high power (to provide acceptable vehicle acceleration and to receive energy generated during vehicle deceleration, a.k.a. regenerative braking), long lifetime,...
Results of Seeding for Dynamic Effects on Rain-Cell Properties in FACE-2
Volume scan radar studies incorporating the use of an elaborate method of defining and tracking convective rain cells through their lifetime have been used to
Abraham Gagin; Daniel Rosenfeld; William L. Woodley; Raul E. Lopez
Albany, OR * Anchorage, AK * Morgantown, WV * Pittsburgh, PA...
region or matching oxygen vacancy concen- trations. * Demonstrated that periodic reverse SOFC operation serves to prolong SOFC lifetimes. * Demonstrated elemental surface valence...
JEM Abstracts: October 1995 - TMS
KEY WORDS AlGaAs, double heterostructure light emitting diode (LED), minority carrier lifetime. Electroluminescent decay and internal quantum efficiency�...
About this Symposium
Jul 31, 2011 ... Lifetime extension of reactors - Nuclear materials aging, ... First-Principles Theory of Magnetism, Crystal Field and Phonon Spectrum of UO2.
Empire of the Imagination: The Power of Public Fictions in Ovid's 'Reader Response' to Augustan Rome
lifetime, culminating with a quadrennial festival to Caesarbeen suggested by the quadrennial celebration of the victory16 BCE, the year of a quadrennial festival in honor of
Pandey, Nandini B.
Parameters Controlling the Thermal Fatigue Properties of ...
component thermal fatigue lifetimes ... with a symmetrical cycle shape maintained for the heating and cooling ... to the surfaces of components to enhance. E o.
Energy Harvesting Support for Sensor Networking
Networked Sensing Energy Harvesting Support for SensorLifetime or Per formance Energy Harvesting System life andProposed Solution: Energy Harvesting Support for sensor
Jason Hsu; Aman Kansal; Mani Srivastava
dioxide (CO2) emissions, nitrogen oxide treatment costs, SGIP, fuel cell lifetime, fuel cell efficiency, photovoltaic installation costs, and payback periods. Pie chart of the...
... Light Source Xenon flash lamp, 3-year warranty (5 years typical lifetime ... 17.8 cm (7 in) diagonal Operating System Microsoft Windows XP embedded ...
Women @ Energy: Aindrila Mukhopadhyay | Department of Energy
Mina Bissell has been recognized for her lifetime contributions to the fields of breast cancer research, the enhanced role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the nucleus...
Characterization of an engineered human purine nucleoside phosphorylase fused to an anti-her2/neu single chain Fv for use in ADEPT
lifetime." Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UK Your researchof Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research Research BioMedof Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 28:147 doi:
Afshar, Sepideh; Olafsen, Tove; Wu, Anna M; Morrison, Sherie L
Estimate of Cost-Effective Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies Energy Savings, Environmental and Financial Impacts
for 13- to 15-watts bulbs and LED data for products from 6bulbs have a one-year lifetime, CFLs five years, and LEDs 10
Letschert, Virginie E.
Max Tech and Beyond: Maximizing Appliance and Equipment Efficiency by Design
Although bulbs, primarily in LED and CFL efficaciescompact fluorescent bulbs, with LEDs being a likely futurelights. LED street lights offer increased bulb lifetime (and
Desroches, Louis-Benoit
MAC layer power management schemes for efficient energy- delay tradeoffs in wireless local area networks
power consumptions which are approximately standard for a specific devicepower consumption and thereby prolong the system lifetime of battery powered wireless devices,
Sarkar, Mahasweta
Modeling the Behavior of an Electronically Switchable Directional Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks.
??Reducing power consumption is among the top concerns in Wireless Sensor Networks, as the lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network depends on its power consumption.� (more)
Silase, Geletu
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
New semiconductor materials are candidates not only for ... the carrier mobility and lifetime, respectively, and E is the electric field strength.
Life-cycle cost analysis of energy efficiency design options for residential furnaces and boilers
1 FURNACE AND BOILER TECHNOLOGY19 Furnace and Boiler Lifetimes Used in the LCC Analysis (PBP RESULTS FOR GAS BOILERS USING ALTERNATIVE INSTALLATION
Lutz, James; Lekov, Alex; Whitehead, Camilla Dunham; Chan, Peter; Meyers, Steve; McMahon, James
Automated Voltage Standard Ready
... �We wanted a standard that was ... as envisioned, then within our lifetimes there will no longer be a need for voltage transfer standards that have to be ...
Plastic Magen Industry | Open Energy Information
plastic products with a lifetime guarantee, including the Heliocol and Sunstar-brand solar water heating systems. References Plastic Magen Industry1 LinkedIn Connections...
Storage Water Heaters | Department of Energy
6:00pm Addthis Consider energy efficiency when selecting a conventional storage water heater to avoid paying more over its lifetime. | Photo courtesy of iStockphoto...
Environmental Assessment of Li-CNT Battery Production
These batteries are expected to be widely used in hybrid-cars, satellites, and cellphones to extend battery lifetime, decrease power consumption, offer weight�...
H2A Delivery: Miscellaneous Cost and H2 Losses
* Reviewed primarily to ensure that proper annual maintenance and repair costs for compressor - New value allowed longer compressor lifetime Forecourt Item New Old Notes...
Matching surge-protective devices to their environment
... S URGE CURRENTS diverted from sensitive loads into a ... From the pulse lifetime curves of Fig. ... IEC No 664 Mediilm Exposure or Load 500V 1 ...
Federal Energy Management Program: Energy Savings Calculator...
Savings Calculator for Commercial Boilers (Closed Loop, Space Heating Applications Only) This cost calculator is a screening tool that estimates a product's lifetime energy cost...
Battery Life Estimation (BLE) and Data Analysis - Energy ...
Technology Marketing Summary Argonne�s BLE Software is a state-of-the-art analytical tool for predicting cell and battery lifetimes on the basis of ...
Materials in Clean Power Systems VIII
Degradation modeling and lifetime prediction of materials used in clean and renewable power systems. Abstracts Due, 07/31/2012. Proceedings Plan, Planned:�...
Automating Personalized Battery Management on Smartphones
get the new available battery capacity that can be assignedof expected lifetime of 1% battery capacity in minutes. Forof energy supply (battery capacity) and demand on cell
Falaki, Mohamamd Hossein
?? It is common practice to perform accelerated aging with 60 Hz ac to determine the lifetime characteristics of insulation used in the machine. Comparable� (more)
Chalise, Sajal Raj
Lifetimes of Residential Appliances. HVAC&R Research 17,of High-Efficiency Appliances in the U.S. ResidentialIndian Households From Improved Appliance Efficiency. BUENAS
Determining benefits and costs of improved central air conditioner efficiencies
for major household appliances. Any new or amended standardcosts), lifetime of the appliance, and a discount rate. LCCconsumers use in purchasing appliances. Consumers purchase
Rosenquist, G.
Fermilab Today
Experimental-Theoretical Physics Seminar - Auditorium Speakers: Vladimir Tishchenko, University of Kentucky Title: Precision Measurement of the Positive Muon Lifetime by the...
SSAP Annual_13may2013.indb
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
lifetimes, fission fragment properties, and other observables (lower right). on fission theory. In particular, it has enabled the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) group...
10Charge Inc + , Energy Company + , Developer of patented technology for faster battery charging time which also extends battery lifetime. + , Dallas + , Texas + Place...
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - Nuclear & Environmental...
the spontaneous breakdown of the battery materials (e.g., fire), but also can impair battery lifetime and cyclability. Our goal is to understand the structures and reactions...
The Future of these Proceedings - CECM
Previous: The Technological Lifetime ... a description of the means and function of an experiment at a critical turn in the history of mathematical communications.
Reliability calculations for complex systems; Tillf�rlitlighetsber�kningar f�r komplexa system.
?? Functionality for efficient computation of properties of system lifetimes was developed, based on the Mathematica framework. The model of these systems consists of a� (more)
Lenz, Malte
Characterization of Battery Cycling by In-Situ Microscopy
Presentation Title, Characterization of Battery Cycling by In-Situ Microscopy ... of lithium ion batteries provides an important route to reducing the lifetime costs of�...
Zinc-Nickel Battery
The short lifetime of the conventional zinc-nickel oxide battery has been the primary factor limiting its commercial use, ... Higher voltage, lower co ...
The added economic and environmental value of plug-in electric vehicles connected to commercial building microgrids
thermal voltaics battery intercept costs (US$) variableand battery degradation compensation increases the real costarbitrage its costs. But since the car battery lifetime is
Stadler, Michael
Modeling Metal Fatigue As a Key Step in PV Module Life Time Prediction (Presentation)
This presentation covers modeling metal fatigue as a key step in photovoltaic (PV) module lifetime predictions. Described are time-dependent and time-independent case studies.
Bosco, N.
Junction temperature measurement of light emitting diode by electroluminescence
Junction temperature (JT) is a key parameter of the performance and lifetime of light emitting diodes(LEDs). In this paper
S. M. He; X. D. Luo; B. Zhang; L. Fu; L. W. Cheng; J. B. Wang; W. Lu
Page not found | Department of Energy
ha lifetime loading to the... http:energy.govnepaea-1042-proposed-changes-sanitary-sludge-land-application-program-oak-ridge-reservation-oak Page Leadership http:...
Group 3: Humidity, Temperature, and Voltage (Presentation)
Group 3 is chartered to develop accelerated stress tests that can be used as comparative predictors of module lifetime versus stresses associated with humidity, temperature and voltage.
Wohlgemuth, J.
1997 EMC: Thursday Morning Sessions, Part 1
The calculated energy of this surface defect state and its emission lifetime are ...... of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham,�...
Effect of Aging Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy
Tests were performed to characterize the distribution in fatigue lifetimes at a given stress level and the small-crack growth behavior under the two aging�...
360-teraFLOPS ASC BlueGeneL system 2005 Delivered a metallurgical structural model for aging to support pit lifetime estimations Documented Stockpile Stewardship Program...
Impact of Isothermal Aging on Long Term Reliability of Fine Pitch ...
Based on weibull plots for each condition, the lifetime of the package reduced approximately 45% with 150oC aging precondition and with longer�...
Alpha-gamma Counting for High Accuracy Fluence ...
... This would reduce the uncertainty on our beam-type lifetime measurement ... absolute measurement of these cross sections at near-thermal energies. ...
Energy Saving Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks.
?? To predict the lifetime of wireless sensor networks before their installation is an important concern. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is specifically meant to support� (more)
NREL Determines Long-Lived Carriers and Differences in CdTe Superstrat...
"Comparison of Minority Carrier Lifetime Measurements in Superstrate and Substrate CdTe PV Devices." Proc. 37 th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 19-24 June 2011,...
Distributed Energy Resources at Naval Base Ventura County Building 1512: A Sensitivity Analysis
18 Figure 5: Electricity and Demand Price Sensitivity �22 Figure 9: Electricity and Demand Price Sensitivity �technology lifetime, electricity and demand tariffs, standby
Bailey, Owen C.; Marnay, Chris
contributing to it. Measurements of B-hadron lifetimes are important probes for understanding Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of the strongest force of nature. In...
Nano-textured, Optically Transparent, Durable ...
Improved Product Life-Time Substantial Cost & Energy Savings . 4 Managed by UT-Battelle Presentation_namefor the U.S. Department of Energy ...
Partnering Today: Technology Transfer Highlights Metal ...
The compressive stress signi?cantly increases the metal part�s resistance to cracking or corrosion. By extending fatigue lifetimes, laser
Interaction between crude oil price and Dow Jones Index on integrated oil and gas company.
??The crude oil is one of the major energy resources in our lifetime and plays its crucial role in our economy. How the stock prices� (more)
Houng, Chi-yao
c1jm12078f 1..10
enzymes (called thermoenzymes) with immobilization on solid supports, especially nano-materials andor electrodes, would greatly prolong enzyme lifetime, enhance mass...
Performance of Second 50 Completed ATP Projects � Status ...
... high-quality care throughout a patient's lifetime. ... a successful project (tremendous cost savings spread ... in 1995 included standalone kiosks, wireless ...
NISTIR 7275 Revision 3, Specification for the Extensible ...
... and guidelines for the cost-effective security ... over the same systems across their operational lifetimes ... that can be a standalone XCCDF document ...
Proceedings Template - WORD
... ensure their integrity over the lifetime of an ... different Audit Managers available, a standalone client and ... most clouds, there is a cost associated with ...
NIST SP 800-113, Guide to SSL VPNs
... features (most SSL VPN products are standalone hardware appliances ... or an add-on for an additional cost. ... during the entire expected lifetime of the ...
Summary of NIST Employee Benefits
... Upon retirement, lifetime monthly payments based on your total length of creditable service and your "high 3" average salary. ... NIST pays full salary. ...
Sandia National Laboratories: News: Publications: Lab News
There will also be a Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award and a Distinguished Science & Technology Award. Nominations come from corporations, academics, government, and...
Enhancing marital happiness: the effects of religious attendance on infidelity, religious congruence, and spousal supportiveness.
??Ninety percent of Americans marry at least once in their lifetime; 40 � 50% of first marriages are dissolved. Divorce affects not only the lives� (more)
Williams, Alta Jeppson
NIST Manuscript Publication Search
... in situ neutron techniques for studying lithium ion batteries. ... function and failure of battery systems. ... performance and lifetime of secondary batteries. ...
PHEV and Grid Interfacing
changes that degrade properties of solder joints (die attach materials) and wire bonds - Decrease lifetime and reliability Reliability of high temperature packages...
Governance mechanisms for infrastructure public-private partnerships : focus on India
Infrastructure PPPs encounter unexpected changes in the technological, economic, social and political environments over their long lifetimes. They require governance frameworks that enable them to continue to deliver ...
Gupta, Arjun P. (Arjun Premchand)