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A comprehensive study of fracture patterns and densities in the Geysers geothermal reservoir using microearthquake shear-wave splitting tomography [Quarterly progress report 06/16/1998 - 09/15/1998
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
We completed the process of locating events and identifying shear-wave splitting in the mammoth area. A total of 2250 split shear wave observations were recorded in the four month period that our network was in place. Fast polarization direction map in Figure 1 shows that most of the stations in the mammoth area display consistent direction throughout the main field, between 300{degree} azimuth to 0{degree} azimuth. Some exemptions to the consistent crack alignment (fast polarization direction) can be seen in station M19, and some stations display inconsistent trend as can be observed in stations M25, M18, and M07. It is possible that station M19 was misaligned during installment. Figure 2 shows the cumulative rose diagram for all observations with a clear preferred direction. Figure 3 also shows that most of the observations of fast split shear wave are in the same direction and that those observation are distributed throughout the target area. If we treat measurements of polarization direction as a statistical process, same as deep of layer measurement, we can say that in the small area of the station we have aligned cracks. Figures 4 and 5 show results of the crack density inversion assuming regional crack azimuth of 340{degree}. Almost 2000 raypaths were used to perform this tomographic inversion. There is weak dependency of the results on the regional crack direction, but the main areas of high and low crack density are the same. The changes are mainly in the size of the anomalies. Since the amplitudes of those anomalies depend mainly on the damping parameter we use in the inversion, exact regional crack direction is not a critical parameter of the inversion. The map in figure 4 and cross-sections in Figure 5 show two areas of high crack density: one northeast of the Casa Diablo area at depth of 1 to 3 km, and one near the Mammoth airport and station 9 at depth of 2 to 3 km.
Malin, P.E.; Shalev, E.
Shear-wave splitting and reservoir crack characterization: the...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
of its geothermal potential and day-to-day production. To detect the geometry and density of fracture systems we applied the shear-wave splitting technique to a large number...
Shear-wave splitting and reservoir crack characterization: the Coso
Shear-wave splitting and reservoir crack characterization: the Coso Shear-wave splitting and reservoir crack characterization: the Coso geothermal field Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Shear-wave splitting and reservoir crack characterization: the Coso geothermal field Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: This paper aims to improve current understanding of the subsurface fracture system in the Coso geothermal field, located in east-central California. The Coso reservoir is in active economic development, so that knowledge of the subsurface fracture system is of vital importance for an accurate evaluation of its geothermal potential and day-to-day production. To detect the geometry and density of fracture systems we applied the shear-wave splitting technique to a large number of
A comprehensive study of fracture patterns and densities in the Geysers geothermal reservoir using microearthquake shear-wave splitting tomography. [Quarterly progress report 03/16/1998 - 06/15/1998
We completed the process of identifying shear-wave splitting in the Geyser area. A total of 2700 observations were recorded with about 1700 observations from the 1988 data and about 1000 observations from 1994. Fast polarization direction map in Figure 1 shows that most of the stations in the Geyser area display consistent direction throughout the main field, between 0{degree} azimuth to 40{degree} azimuth. Some exemptions to the consistent crack alignment (fast polarization direction) can be seen in stations 9 and station 3, and also in stations 13 and 14 outside the field. Since the stations are in boreholes it is possible that some of the station orientations, calculated using P-wave arrivals from located events, are erroneous. If we treat measurements of polarization direction as a statistical process, same as deep of layer measurement, we can say that in the small area of the station we have aligned cracks. Figures 2 and 3 show results of the crack density inversion assuming regional crack azimuth of 20{degree}. Almost 2400 raypaths were used to perform this tomographic inversion. There is weak dependency of the results on the regional crack direction, but the main areas of high and low crack density are the same. The changes are mainly in the size of the anomalies. Since the amplitudes of those anomalies depend mainly on the damping parameter we use in the inversion, exact regional crack direction is not a critical parameter of the inversion. The map in figure 2 and cross-sections in Figure 3 show two areas of high crack density at the top 1 km one at station 8 and the other between stations 6 and 5. At greater depth of 1 to 2 km those two area converge to one high crack density anomaly between stations 3, 4, 11, and 10.
Characterization of Fracture Patterns in the Geysers Geothermal Reservoir by Shear-wave Splitting
The authors have analyzed the splitting of shear waves from microearthquakes recorded by a 16-station three-component seismic network at the Northwest Geysers geothermal field, Geysers, California, to determine the preferred orientation of subsurface fractures and cracks. Average polarization crack directions with standard deviation were computed for each station. Also, graphical fracture characterizations in the form of equal-area projections and rose diagrams were created to depict the results. The main crack orientations within the steam field are predominantly in the N10{degree}E to N50{degree}E direction, consistent with expected fracture directions in a pull-apart basin created by sub-parallel right-lateral strike-slip faults related to the San Andreas fault system. Time delays range from 15--60 ms, similar to the time delays from previous studies at geothermal reservoirs. They have detected a significant increase in time delays between 1988 and 1994, which they attribute to widening of the cracks or filling of the cracks with fluid. Increase in production activities during this time also could have influenced this widening.
D. Erten; J. A. Rial
Shear wave splitting in SE Brazil: an eect of active or fossil upper mantle ow, or both?
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Shear wave splitting in SE Brazil: an e¡ect of active or fossil upper mantle £ow, or both?§ Maggy, Brazil c Universidade de SaBrazil Received 26 the structure of the upper mantle beneath southeastern Brazil using teleseismic shear wave splitting
Barruol, Guilhem
Shear-wave splitting as a tool for the characterization of geothermal
as a tool for the characterization of geothermal as a tool for the characterization of geothermal fractured reservoirs: lessons learned Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Shear-wave splitting as a tool for the characterization of geothermal fractured reservoirs: lessons learned Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: We review our experience with the construction of models of subsurface fracturing in geothermal fields by the inversion of shear-wave splitting (SWS) observations from natural and induced seismic events recorded by local arrays of three-component digital seismometers. SWS is a phenomenon whereby shear seismic waves split into two as a result of the mechanical anisotropy created in an otherwise isotropic rock by aligned micro-fractures. The two split waves travel at different speeds, and the
Characterization of geothermal reservoir crack patterns using shear-wave
geothermal reservoir crack patterns using shear-wave geothermal reservoir crack patterns using shear-wave splitting Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Characterization of geothermal reservoir crack patterns using shear-wave splitting Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Microearthquakes recorded by a downhole, three-component seismic network deployed around the Coso, California, geothermal reservoir since 1992 display distinctive shear-wave splitting and clear polarization directions. From the polarizations the authors estimated three predominant subsurface fracture directions, and from the time delays of the split waves they determined tomographically the 3-D fracture density distribution in the reservoir. Author(s): Lou, M.; Rial, J.A. Published: Geophysics, 3/1/1997
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1992-1997) | Open Energy
2-1997) 2-1997) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1992-1997) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1992 - 1997 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Characterize subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso geothermal reservoir by analyzing shear-wave splitting of microearthquake seismorgrams Notes A large number of microearthquake seismograms have been recorded by a downhole, three-component seismic network. Shear-wave splitting induced by the alignment of cracks in the reservoir has been widely observed in the recordings. Over 100 events with body wave magnitude greater than 1.0 from
A Comprehensive Study of Fracture Patterns and Densities in The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir Using Microearthquake Shear-Wave Splitting Tomography
In this project we developed a method for using seismic S-wave data to map the patterns and densities of sub-surface fractures in the NW Geysers Geothermal Field/ (1) This project adds to both the general methods needed to characterize the geothermal production fractures that supply steam for power generation and to the specific knowledge of these in the Geysers area. (2)By locating zones of high fracture density it will be possible to reduce the cost of geothermal power development with the targeting of high production geothermal wells. (3) The results of the project having been transferred to both US based and international geothermal research and exploration agencies and concerns by several published papers and meeting presentations, and through the distribution of the data handling and other software codes we developed.
Peter E. Malin; Eylon Shalev; Min Lou; Silas M. Simiyu; Anastasia Stroujkova; Windy McCausland
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2005) | Open Energy Information
5) 5) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Area (2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2005 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Characterization of 3D Fracture Patterns at The Geysers and Coso Geothermal Reservoirs by Shear-wave Splitting, Rial, Elkibbi, Yang and Pereyra. The raw data for the project consists of seismographic recordings of microearthquakes (MEQ) detected over many years by arrays of sensors at both The Geysers and Coso. References Patrick Laney (2005) Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004 Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Micro-Earthquake_At_Coso_Geothermal_Area_(2005)&oldid=475476"
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2002-2005) | Open Energy
-2005) -2005) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2002-2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2002 - 2005 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis To improve understanding of the subsurface fracture system Notes A shear-wave splitting technique was applied on a set of high quality, locally recorded microearthquake (MEQ) data. Four major fracture directions have been identified from the seismograms recorded by the permanent 16-station down-hole array: N10- 20W, NS, N20E, and N40-45E, of which the first and the third are the most prominent. All orientations are consistent with the known strike of local sets of faults and fractures at depth and at
Micro-Earthquake At Geysers Area (Laney, 2005) | Open Energy Information
Laney, 2005) Laney, 2005) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Geysers Area (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Geysers Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Characterization of 3D Fracture Patterns at The Geysers and Coso Geothermal Reservoirs by Shear-wave Splitting, Rial, Elkibbi, Yang and Pereyra. The raw data for the project consists of seismographic recordings of microearthquakes (MEQ) detected over many years by arrays of sensors at both The Geysers and Coso. References Patrick Laney (2005) Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004 Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Micro-Earthquake_At_Geysers_Area_(Laney,_2005)&oldid=389456
Shear-wave splitting: Tutorial, issues and implications for 9-C 3-D seismic reflection data James L. Simmons, Jr.* and Milo M. Backus
. Simmons, Jr.* and Milo M. Backus Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin Summary-receiver coordinates parallel and perpendicular to the trend of the cracks, and thereby fo- cusing the energy onto the two principal components. The dif- ferential traveltimes of the shear-wave energy on the principal
Texas at Austin, University of
A comprehensive study of fracture patterns and densities in the Geysers geothermal reservoir using microearthquake shear-wave splitting tomography. Quarterly report for Sep-Dec 1998
We start organizing the computer programs needed for crack density inversion into an easy to follow scripts. These programs were collection of bits and pieces from many sources and we want to organize those separate programs into coherent product. We also gave a presentation (enclosed) in the Twenty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering in Stanford University on our Geyser and Mammoth results.
Malin, Peter E.; Shalev, Eylon
Ultrasonic shear wave couplant
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Ultrasonically testing of an article at high temperatures is accomplished by the use of a compact layer of a dry ceramic powder as a couplant in a method which involves providing an ultrasonic transducer as a probe capable of transmitting shear waves, coupling the probe to the article through a thin compact layer of a dry ceramic powder, propagating a shear wave from the probe through the ceramic powder and into the article to develop echo signals, and analyzing the echo signals to determine at least one physical characteristic of the article.
Kupperman, David S. (Oak Park, IL); Lanham, Ronald N. (Lockport, IL)
Kupperman, D.S.; Lanham, R.N.
Definition: Micro-Earthquake | Open Energy Information
Micro-Earthquake Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Micro-Earthquake The micro-earthquake technique (MEQ), also known as microseismic, utilizes vibrations in the subsurface...
Visualization of Microearthquake Data from Enhanced Geothermal...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Visualization Microearthquake Visualization of Microearthquake Data from Enhanced Geothermal Systems microearthquake.png We are working with geophysicists in the Earth Sciences...
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy Information
) ) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis To analyze temporal velocity variations Notes Microseismic data recorded between 1996 and 2008 was used to determine the temporally varying seismic velocity of the Coso geothermal field. In this study, the double difference tomography method was applied to simultaneously locate a suite of microseismic events and determine the compressional and shear wave velocity as well as their ratio. References Seher, T.; Zhang, H.; Fehler, M.; Yu, H.; Soukhovitskaya, V.;
Micro-Earthquake | Open Energy Information
Micro-Earthquake Micro-Earthquake Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Micro-Earthquake Details Activities (33) Areas (16) Regions (2) NEPA(1) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Passive Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Stratigraphic/Structural: Fault zones, permeable pathways Hydrological: Fluid type- liquid or steam Thermal: Dictionary.png Micro-Earthquake: The micro-earthquake technique (MEQ), also known as microseismic, utilizes vibrations in the subsurface to locate permeable pathways and determine fluid phase. Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle Use in Geothermal Exploration Ground noise and micro-earthquakes (MEQ) may be utilized in the
Non-Double-Couple Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California...
Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California, Provide Evidence For Hydraulic Fracturing Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article:...
Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso
Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: We use seismograms of local earthquakes to image relative shear wave attenuation structure in the shallow crust beneath the region containing the Coso volcanic-geothermal area of eastern California. SV and P wave amplitudes were measured from vertical component seismograms of earthquakes that occurred in the Coso-southern Sierra Nevada region from July 1983 to 1985. Seismograms of 16 small earthquakes show SV amplitudes which are greatly diminished at some azimuths and takeoff angles,
Shear-wave splitting as a tool for the characterization of geothermal...
limits the resolvability of the method. However, despite the large amount of data and diversity of geologic settings we have studied so far, the above assumption has been found to...
Micro-Earthquake At Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region...
to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region (1976) Exploration Activity Details...
Micro-Earthquake At Snake River Plain Geothermal Region (1976...
Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Micro-Earthquake At Snake River Plain Geothermal Region (1976) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL...
Multiple Ruptures For Long Valley Microearthquakes- A Link To...
Number: Unavailable DOI: Unavailable Source: View Original Journal Article Micro-Earthquake At Long Valley Caldera Area (Stroujkova & Malin, 2001) Long Valley Caldera...
Micro-Earthquake At Geysers Area (Erten & Rial, 1999) | Open...
to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Geysers Area (Erten & Rial, 1999) Exploration Activity Details Location Geysers...
Heat flow and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area,...
and (2) microearthquake studies associated with the geothermal phenomena in the Coso Hot Springs area. The sites for ten heat flow boreholes were located primarily using the...
Increase of shear wave velocity before the 1998 eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia)
Increase of shear wave velocity before the 1998 eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia) U. Wegler,1 of the edifice of Merapi volcano (Java, Indonesia) before its eruption in 1998 by analyzing multiply scattered eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia), Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09303, doi:10.1029/2006GL025928. 1
Snieder, Roel
Micro-Earthquake At Marysville Mt Area (Blackwell) | Open Energy
Area (Blackwell) Area (Blackwell) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Marysville Mt Area (Blackwell) Exploration Activity Details Location Marysville Mt Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes A seismic ground noise was carried out but the ground noise in the anomaly area (and the surrounding region) was extremely low, approximately 4 orders of magnitude below that observed in the geothermal areas in the Salton Sea between 1-10 Hz (in units of power density). Because of this very low background noise the micro-earthquake survey was possible with instrument gains well in excess of a million. Regional micro-earthquake activity was located within about 15 km of the geothermal area but no micro-earthquakes
Multiple Ruptures For Long Valley Microearthquakes- A Link To Volcanic
Multiple Ruptures For Long Valley Microearthquakes- A Link To Volcanic Multiple Ruptures For Long Valley Microearthquakes- A Link To Volcanic Tremor(Question) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Multiple Ruptures For Long Valley Microearthquakes- A Link To Volcanic Tremor(Question) Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Despite several episodes of ground deformation and intense seismic activity starting in 1978, the Long Valley, California, volcanic area has not produced clearly recognized volcanic tremor. Instead, a variety of atypical microearthquakes have been recorded during these episodes, including events dominated by low-frequency (long-period) or mixed high and low-frequency (hybrid) signals. During a 1997 episode, a number of unusual microearthquakes occurred within a temporary 40-station
Non-Double-Couple Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California,
Non-Double-Couple Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California, Non-Double-Couple Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California, Provide Evidence For Hydraulic Fracturing Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Non-Double-Couple Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California, Provide Evidence For Hydraulic Fracturing Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Most of 26 small (0.4<~M<~3.1) microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera in mid-1997, analyzed using data from a dense temporary network of 69 digital three-component seismometers, have significantly non-double-couple focal mechanisms, inconsistent with simple shear faulting. We determined their mechanisms by inverting P- and S-wave polarities and amplitude ratios using linear-programming methods, and
Microearthquake moment tensors from the Coso Geothermal area | Open Energy
Microearthquake moment tensors from the Coso Geothermal area Microearthquake moment tensors from the Coso Geothermal area Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: Microearthquake moment tensors from the Coso Geothermal area Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: The Coso geothermal area, California, has produced hot water and steam for electricity generation for more than 20 years, during which time there has been a substantial amount of microearthquake activity in the area. Seismicity is monitored by a high-quality permanent network of 16 three-component digital borehole seismometers operated by the US Navy and supplemented by a ~ 14-station portable array of surface three-component digital instruments. The portable stations improve focal sphere coverage, providing seismic-wave polarity and amplitude data sets sufficient for
Heat flow and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area, China Lake,
and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area, China Lake, and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area, China Lake, California. Final report Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Book: Heat flow and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area, China Lake, California. Final report Details Activities (2) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: The present research effort at the Coso Geothermal Area located on the China Lake Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, was concerned with: (1) heat flow studies and (2) microearthquake studies associated with the geothermal phenomena in the Coso Hot Springs area. The sites for ten heat flow boreholes were located primarily using the available seismic ground noise and electrical resistivity data. Difficulty was encountered in the drilling of all of the holes due to altered, porous,
Characterization of subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso geothermal
subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso geothermal subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso geothermal reservoir by analyzing shear-wave splitting of microearthquake seismorgrams Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: Characterization of subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso geothermal reservoir by analyzing shear-wave splitting of microearthquake seismorgrams Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: A large number of microearthquake seismograms have been recorded by a downhole, three-component seismic network deployed around the Coso, California geothermal reservoir. Shear-wave splitting induced by the alignment of cracks in the reservoir has been widely observed in the recordings. Over 100 events with body wave magnitude greater than 1.0 from
Micro-Earthquake At New River Area (DOE GTP) | Open Energy Information
New River Area (DOE GTP) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At New River Area (DOE GTP) Exploration Activity...
Micro-Earthquake At Long Valley Caldera Area (Foulger, Et Al...
Microearthquakes At Long Valley Caldera, California, Provide Evidence For Hydraulic Fracturing Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleMicro-EarthquakeAtLongVall...
Micro-Earthquake At Newberry Caldera Area (DOE GTP) | Open Energy...
search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Newberry Caldera Area (DOE GTP) Exploration Activity Details Location Newberry Caldera Area...
Scalar evolution equations for shear waves in incompressible solids: A simple derivation of the Z, ZK, KZK, and KP equations
We study the propagation of two-dimensional finite-amplitude shear waves in a nonlinear pre-strained incompressible solid, and derive several asymptotic amplitude equations in a simple, consistent, and rigorous manner. The scalar Zabolotskaya (Z) equation is shown to be the asymptotic limit of the equations of motion for all elastic generalized neo-Hookean solids (with strain energy depending only on the first principal invariant of Cauchy-Green strain). However, we show that the Z equation cannot be a scalar equation for the propagation of two-dimensional shear waves in general elastic materials (with strain energy depending on the first and second principal invariants of strain). Then we introduce dispersive and dissipative terms to deduce the scalar Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP), Zabolotskaya-Khokhlov (ZK) and Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equations of incompressible solid mechanics.
Michel Destrade; Alain Goriely; Giuseppe Saccomandi
EPRI (2004, 2006) Ground-Motion Model (GMM) Review Project: Shear Wave Velocity Measurements at Seismic Recording Stations
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report presents the results of site characterization studies for the EPRI (2004, 2006) Ground-Motion Model Review Project. The primary purpose of this investigation was to develop S-wave velocity (VS) profiles to a depth of 30 m, or more, and to estimate the average shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m (VS30) at thirty three (33) seismic instrument sites located in the Central and Eastern United States. Results are presented in individual seismic recording station site ...
Shear Wave Velocity Structure of Southern African Crust: Evidence for Compositional Heterogeneity within Archaean and Proterozoic Terrains
Crustal structure in southern Africa has been investigated by jointly inverting receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocities for 89 broadband seismic stations spanning much of the Precambrian shield of southern Africa. 1-D shear wave velocity profiles obtained from the inversion yield Moho depths that are similar to those reported in previous studies and show considerable variability in the shear wave velocity structure of the lower part of the crust between some terrains. For many of the Archaean and Proterozoic terrains in the shield, S velocities reach 4.0 km/s or higher over a substantial part of the lower crust. However, for most of the Kimberley terrain and adjacent parts of the Kheis Province and Witwatersrand terrain, as well as for the western part of the Tokwe terrain, mean shear wave velocities of {le} 3.9 km/s characterize the lower part of the crust along with slightly ({approx}5 km) thinner crust. These findings indicate that the lower crust across much of the shield has a predominantly mafic composition, except for the southwest portion of the Kaapvaal Craton and western portion of the Zimbabwe Craton, where the lower crust is intermediate-to-felsic in composition. The parts of the Kaapvaal Craton underlain by intermediate-to-felsic lower crust coincide with regions where Ventersdorp rocks have been preserved, and thus we suggest that the intermediate-to-felsic composition of the lower crust and the shallower Moho may have resulted from crustal melting during the Ventersdorp tectonomagmatic event at c. 2.7 Ga and concomitant crustal thinning caused by rifting.
Kgaswane, E M; Nyblade, A A; Julia, J; Dirks, P H H M; Durrheim, R J; Pasyanos, M E
Microearthquake monitoring and seismic imaging at The Geysers
SciTech Connect
We are monitoring two high-frequency, high-resolution microearthquake networks at The Geysers. The first network consists of 16 stations and is located in the northwest portion of the Geysers. This array is in an area that is representative of a high-temperature, deep, reservoir environment. The second network consists of 13 stations located in the southeast Geysers around the location of the cooperative injection experiment. We are using the data from the networks to compute velocity and attenuation images and earthquake parameters such as precise location and rate and manner of energy release. Our goal is to evaluate the use of this information to manage steam release from geothermal reservoirs. We are supporting this effort with laboratory measurements of velocity and attenuation on Geysers core samples under varying degrees of saturation to help us better interpret our seismic images. To date we find that microearthquake activity follows injection activity, and the dry, low-pressure portions of the reservoir are characterized by low velocity and high attenuation.
Zucca, J.J.; Hutchings, L.; Bonner, B.; Kasameyer, P. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Majer, E.L.; Peterson, J.; Romero, A.; Kirkpatrick, A. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
Modeling fault-zone guided waves of microearthquakes in a geothermal
fault-zone guided waves of microearthquakes in a geothermal fault-zone guided waves of microearthquakes in a geothermal reservoir Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Modeling fault-zone guided waves of microearthquakes in a geothermal reservoir Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Fault-zone guided waves have been identified in microearthquake seismograms recorded at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. The observed guided waves have particle motions and propagation group velocities similar to Rayleigh wave modes. A numerical method has been employed to simulate the guided-wave propagation through the fault zone. By comparing observed and synthetic waveforms the fault-zone width and its P- and S-wave velocity structure have been estimated. It is suggested here that the identification
Micro-Earthquake At Kilauea East Rift Area (Thomas, 1986) | Open Energy
Micro-Earthquake At Kilauea East Rift Area (Thomas, Micro-Earthquake At Kilauea East Rift Area (Thomas, 1986) Exploration Activity Details Location Kilauea East Rift Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Microseismic and ground noise studies were performed along the East Rift Zone in an effort to identify areas in which earthquake activity might suggest rock fracturing as a result of cold water coming into contact with heated reservoir rocks (Furumoto, 1978a). One of the microseismic surveys utilized an array of seven seismometers to monitor earthquake activity in the vicinity of the then proposed site of the HGP-A well (Fig. 53) (Suyenaga and Furumoto, 1978). The second microearthquake study utilized only two seismometers located near the junction of the Pahoa-Kalapana and
Adak Island, Alaska, Microearthquake survey: Preliminary Hypocenter Determinations
Microearthquakes, defined as shocks having magnitudes less than 4, are commonly recorded in the vicinity of geothermal manifestations and volcanism. They have been mapped from producing geothermal fields as well as those not yet developed, in such places as Iceland, El Salvador, Japan, Kenya and the US. Microearthquakes have been recorded at several geothermal sites in the Imperial Valley and Coso Hot Springs, California; Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming; and The Geysers, California, where there is debate over whether or not the seismicity is induced by steam production. Seismicity occurs around active volcanoes, but appears reduced directly over zones of high temperature or magma, where the depth of the brittle fracture zone is shallow, as over Yellowstone caldera. In areas of active hydrothermalism, regional stress is likely to be relieved by low-level seismicity rather than occasional large ruptures, owing to the high temperatures, presence of fluids, and crustal weakening due to alteration and fracturing. Active faulting maintains the permeability of the system, which in its absence, might otherwise seal. on the microscopic scale, pore-fluid pressures rise as a result of heating, resulting in the decrease of effective pressure at the pore-mineral boundary. When this effective pressure becomes less than the rock's tensile strength, the pore ruptures; and if it intersects a through-going fracture under hydrostatic pressure can result in a shock detectable on seismographs at the surface. Such a mechanism might also account for the swarms of very small events seen in a number of geothermal areas. A microearthquake survey was conducted on Adak Island, Alaska for the purpose of identifying seismicity associated with a possible geothermal reservoir. During 30 days of recording in September and October 1982, 190 seismic events were recorded on two or more stations of a nine-station network. Of the total, 33 were of local origin, and of these 24 were locatable. Utilizing a 5 km/sec constant velocity earth model, the hypocenters define a structure dipping north-northwestward toward the Bering Sea, beneath Mt. Adagdak. many of the events took place beneath the Adagdak peninsula in an area in which hot springs discharge and where other geophysical evidences suggest a geothermal reservoir. A similar NNW-dipping fault plane was deduced from a 9-day microearthquake survey conducted in 1974. At that time all of the activity occurred beneath the sea. the projected surface trace lies NNW of that deduced form the present survey. It is quite likely that the mapped structure and attendant fractures control a hydrothermal system by providing the necessary permeability for maintaining circulation of hot waters within the upper several kilometers of the surface. Only preliminary analysis of the records fell within the scope of the present project. The work should be supplemented with the application of a locally appropriate earth model, 3D fault-mapping, first-motion studies leading to fault-plane solutions, and computations of event magnitudes.
Lange, Arthur L.; Avramenko, Walter
Micro-Earthquake At Geysers Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
Geothermal Area (2011) Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Geysers Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing of seismic methods for understanding the performance of the EGS systems, as well as aid in developing induced seismicity mitigation techniques that can
Micro-Earthquake (Majer, 2003) | Open Energy Information
(Majer, 2003) (Majer, 2003) Exploration Activity Details Location Unspecified Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes The goal of this work is to evaluate the most promising methods and approaches that may be used for improved geothermal exploration and reservoir assessment. It is not a comprehensive review of all seismic methods used to date in geothermal environments. This work was motivated by a need to assess current and developing seismic technology that if applied in geothermal cases may greatly improve the chances for locating new geothermal resources and/or improve assessment of current ones. References E. L. Majer (2003) 3-D Seismic Methods For Geothermal Reservoir Exploration And Assessment-Summary
Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (2011) Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Raft River Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing of seismic methods for understanding the performance of the EGS systems, as well as aid in developing induced seismicity mitigation techniques that can be used for a variety of EGS
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2007) | Open Energy Information
Coso Geothermal Area (2007) Coso Geothermal Area (2007) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2007 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Develop and test a tool to better analyze microearthquake data Notes A GUI-based interface was developed to use inversion software that greatly increases its ease of use and makes feasible analyzing larger numbers of earthquakes than previously was practical. Examples are shown from an injection experiment conducted in well 34-9RD2, on the East Flank. This tight well was re-drilled February - March 2005. Pervasive porosity and fractures were encountered at about 2660 m depth. These mud losses induced a 50-minute swarm of 44 microearthquakes, with magnitudes in the range -0.3
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1993-1994) | Open Energy
1994) 1994) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1993-1994) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1993 - 1994 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Multiplet analysis Notes Instances of microseismicity in seismic doublets which are co-located hypocenters that appear to have nearly identical waveforms were searched for. Using 1085 high-quality events from 1993 to 1994, they identified numerous doublets, some occurring within minutes of each other. The hypocentral data was subdivided into spatial clusters to reduce the computational burden and evaluated multiple cross-correlation pairs,
Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (1979) | Open Energy
9) 9) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (1979) Exploration Activity Details Location Raft River Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1979 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Refraction Survey Notes Interpretation of seismic refraction recordings in the area yielded compressional velocities from near the surface to the crystalline basement at a maximum depth of approximately 1600 m. The results show a complex sequence of sediments and volcanic flows overlying basement. Velocities in the sedimentary section vary laterally. Correlation with well data suggests that zones of higher velocities may correspond to zones where sediments are
Micro-Earthquake At Newberry Caldera Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
Area (2011) Area (2011) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Newberry Caldera Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Newberry Caldera Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing
Microearthquake surveys of Snake River plain and Northwest Basin and Range
surveys of Snake River plain and Northwest Basin and Range surveys of Snake River plain and Northwest Basin and Range geothermal areas Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Microearthquake surveys of Snake River plain and Northwest Basin and Range geothermal areas Details Activities (2) Areas (2) Regions (0) Abstract: applications; Basin and Range Province; Black Rock Desert; Cassia County Idaho; earthquakes; economic geology; exploration; fracture zones; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; geothermal energy; Humboldt County Nevada; Idaho; microearthquakes; Nevada; North America; passive systems; Pershing County Nevada; Raft River; reservoir rocks; seismic methods; seismicity; seismology; Snake River plain; surveys; United States; Western U.S. Author(s): Kumamoto, L.H.
Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (1982) | Open Energy
) ) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Raft River Geothermal Area (1982) Exploration Activity Details Location Raft River Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1982 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Develop a background seismicity before power production begins Notes Local seismic networks were established to monitor the background seismicity prior to initiation of geothermal power production. The Raft River study area is currently seismically quiet down to the level of approximately magnitude one. References Zandt, G.; Mcpherson, L.; Schaff, S.; Olsen, S. (1 May 1982) Seismic baseline and induction studies- Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah and
Split gland
The disclosure relates to a split gland laterally fittable over tubing. Two essentially mirror image half glands are juxtaposed, held together by a spring clip and aligned by a retainer.
Petranto, Joseph J. (Los Alamos, NM)
Petranto, J.J.
A split gland having only three parts is described. The gland has substantially the same stability to the relative motion of the constituent half-gland members during the attachment process to a female fitting as have more complicated designs. Ease of manufacture and use result from the reduction in complexity of the present invention.
A split gland having only three parts is described. The gland has substantially the same stability to the relative motion of the constituent half-gland members during the attachment process to a female fitting as have more complicated designs. Ease of manufacture and use result from the reduction in complexity of the present invention. 15 figs.
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1987) | Open Energy Information
Jump to: navigation, search Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1987) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1987 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Analysis was done to link the zones of decreased P velocity to contemporary magmatic activity Notes Inversion of 4036 P wave travel time residuals from 429 local earthquakes using a tomographic scheme provides information about 3D upper crustal velocity variations in the Indian Wells Valley-Coso region of southeastern CA. The residuals are calculated relative to a Coso-specific velocity model, corrected for station elevation, weighted, and back-projected along
Micro-Earthquake At New York Canyon Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
York Canyon Geothermal Area (2011) York Canyon Geothermal Area (2011) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At New York Canyon Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location New York Canyon Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1974) | Open Energy Information
Coso Geothermal Area (1974) Coso Geothermal Area (1974) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1974 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis To determine the background level of seismicity before any drilling related to production takes place. Notes Two different arrays of portable high-gain seismographs were installed- measurements taken over thirty three days; completed 9 calibration blasts. The microearthquake activity changed considerably including days which had only a few events while others had as many as 100 or more distinct local events; more than two thousand events with S-P times of less than three seconds were detected; observed low value for Poisson's ratio which indicated that the Coso geothermal system is a vapor-dominated system
Micro-Earthquake At Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area (1982) | Open
Geothermal Area (1982) Geothermal Area (1982) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area (1982) Exploration Activity Details Location Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1982 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Develop a background seismicity before power production begins Notes Local seismic networks were established to monitor the background seismicity prior to initiation of geothermal power production. The Raft River study area is currently seismically quiet down to the level of approximately magnitude one. References Zandt, G.; Mcpherson, L.; Schaff, S.; Olsen, S. (1 May 1982) Seismic baseline and induction studies- Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah and
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1996) | Open Energy Information
) ) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1996) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 1996 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine the attenuation structure Notes Pulse width data are used to invert for attenuation structure. The dataset consists of pulse width measurements of 838 microseismic events recorded on a seismic array of 16 downhole stations between August 1993 and March 1994. A broad region of low Q (≈ 30 to 37) is located at 0.5 to 1.2 km in depth below Devil's Kitchen, Nicol Prospects, and Coso Hot Springs. A vertical, low Q (≈ 36 in contrast with surrounding rock of 80) region is
Micro-Earthquake At Long Valley Caldera Area (Stroujkova & Malin, 2001) |
Long Valley Caldera Area (Stroujkova & Malin, 2001) Long Valley Caldera Area (Stroujkova & Malin, 2001) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Long Valley Caldera Area (Stroujkova & Malin, 2001) Exploration Activity Details Location Long Valley Caldera Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Our preferred model for the unusual events is that of multiple ordinary earthquakes being triggered or forced by a fluid injection into a thin volcanic conduit. An example of such a structure would be a dike connected to one or more shear or wing fractures. In this model, resonant increases in pressure in the conduit would cause the shear fractures to fail seismically at fixed time delays. For the time delays seen at Long Valley,
Micro-Earthquake At Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002)
Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002) Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002) Exploration Activity Details Location Under Steamboat Springs Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes This project consisted of (1) a 3-D surface seismic survey conducted in the fall of 2000, (2) a micro-seismic survey run from November 2000 to April 200 1, and (3) a gravity survey conducted in April and May 2001. The 3-D surface seismic data are still being processed at this time, but initial results indicate that there are two major lineations of high velocity running orthogonal to each other which are presumably related to the fault
Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2000) | Open Energy Information
0) 0) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2000) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2000 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Compare results of dense arrays with less densely spaced instruments Notes Results from a dense array of passive seismometers are presented. Data collected during the 18-month deployment of 16 dense mini-arrays in the region of the China Lake geothermal field near Ridgecrest, CA was used. The crustal structure within the geothermal field, its relationship to regional tectonic features, and search for an indication of mantle influence on volcanism was imaged. The mini-arrays consist of mostly short period
Microearthquakes induced during hydraulic fracturing at the Fenton Hill HDR site: the 1982 experiments
The on-site real-time processing of microearthquake signals that occur during massive hydraulic fracturing provides a notion of the location and growth of the fracture system being created. This enables quick decisions to be made in regard to the ongoing operations. The analytical results and impact of the hypocenter mapping during the 1982 fracturing experiments in the Fenton Hill Phase II Hot Dry Rock geothermal reservoir are reported.
Keppler, H.; Pearson, C.F.; Potter, R.M.; Albright, J.N.
Imaging of reservoirs and fracture systems using microearthquakes induced by hydraulic injections
Predicting the future performance of a geothermal reservoir and planning a strategy for increasing productivity from the reservoir require an intimate knowledge of the fracture system through which geothermal fluids permeate. Microearthquakes often accompany hydraulic fracturing as well as normal production activities in geothermal fields. The waveforms from the se microearthquakes provide valuable information that can be used to infer the three-dimensional structure of the fracture system in the reservoir. The locations of the microearthquakes can be used to infer the presence of large fractures along which shear slip has occurred. Tomographic imaging using arrival times of the seismic waves, provides a three-dimensional image of the P and S wave velocity structure of the reservoir. These velocities yield information about the presence of microfractures in the rock. Waveform stacking methods can be used to both corroborate seismic velocities and image seismic scatters in the reservoir. The most prominent seismic scatters are likely to be fluid-filled fractures. Thus, seismic data provide information about a fractures over a large scale range which can be of use in reservoir engineering. 32 refs., 4 figs.
Fehler, M.; House, L.; Phillips, W.S. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA)); Block, L.; Cheng, C.H. (Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (USA). Earth Resources Lab.)
TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF FRACTURE DIRECTIONS AND FRACTURE DENSITIES IN THE TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF FRACTURE DIRECTIONS AND FRACTURE DENSITIES IN THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD FROM ANALYSES OF SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF FRACTURE DIRECTIONS AND FRACTURE DENSITIES IN THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD FROM ANALYSES OF SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: This project aims to improve understanding of the subsurface fracture system in the Coso geothermal field, located in the east central California. We applied shear-wave splitting technique on a set of high quality, locally recorded microearthquake (MEQ) data. Four major fracture directions have been identified from the seismograms recorded by the permanent sixteen-station down-hole array: N10- 20W, NS, N20E, and N40-45E,
Characterization Of Fracture Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir
Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir By Shear-Wave Splitting Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Report: Characterization Of Fracture Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir By Shear-Wave Splitting Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: The authors have analyzed the splitting of shear waves from microearthquakes recorded by a 16-station three-component seismic network at the Northwest Geysers geothermal field, Geysers, California, to determine the preferred orientation of subsurface fractures and cracks. Average polarization crack directions with standard deviation were computed for each station. Also, graphical fracture characterizations in the form of equal-area projections and rose diagrams were created to depict the
A Comprehensive Study Of Fracture Patterns And Densities In The Geysers
Study Of Fracture Patterns And Densities In The Geysers Study Of Fracture Patterns And Densities In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir Using Microearthquake Shear-Wave Splitting Tomography Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Report: A Comprehensive Study Of Fracture Patterns And Densities In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir Using Microearthquake Shear-Wave Splitting Tomography Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: In this project we developed a method for using seismic S-wave data to map the patterns and densities of sub-surface fractures in the NW Geysers Geothermal Field/ (1) This project adds to both the general methods needed to characterize the geothermal production fractures that supply steam for power generation and to the specific knowledge of these in the Geysers area. (2)By locating zones of high fracture density it will be
Microearthquake monitoring at the Southeast Geysers using a high-resolution digital array
Microearthquake activity at the Southeast Geysers, California, geothermal field is monitored with a high-resolution digital seismic network. Hypocenters are spatially clustered in both injection and production areas, but also occur in more diffuse patterns, mostly at depths from 1 to 2.8 km. Hypocenters near the injection well DV-11 exhibit a striking correlation with movement of injectate and injectate-derived steam. Preliminary moment tensor results show promise to provide information on the differing source mechanisms resulting from fluid injection and steam extraction.
Kirkpatrick, A.; Peterson, J.E. Jr.; Majer, E.L.
Kirkpatrick, Ann; Peterson, John E., Jr.; Majer, Ernie L.
Temporal Velocity Variations beneath the Coso Geothermal Field...
events and determine the compressional and shear wave velocity as well as their ratio. In a first step, we apply traveltime tomography based on the observed microearthquake...
Micro-Earthquake At Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
Geothermal Area Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing of seismic methods for understanding the performance of the EGS systems, as well as aid in developing induced seismicity mitigation techniques that can
Micro-Earthquake At Desert Peak Geothermal Area (2011) | Open Energy
Desert Peak Geothermal Area Desert Peak Geothermal Area (2011) Exploration Activity Details Location Desert Peak Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date 2011 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine seismicity before and after reservoir stimulation for EGS Notes The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality seismic data for improved processing and interpretation methodologies. This will allow the development and testing of seismic methods for understanding the performance of the EGS systems, as well as aid in developing induced seismicity mitigation techniques that can
Micro-Earthquake At Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004)
Under Steamboat Springs Area Under Steamboat Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Exploration Activity Details Location Under Steamboat Springs Area Exploration Technique Micro-Earthquake Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Update to Warpinski, et al., 2002 References N. R. Warpinski, A. R. Sattler, R. Fortuna, D. A. Sanchez, J. Nathwani (2004) Geothermal Resource Exploration And Definition Projects Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Micro-Earthquake_At_Under_Steamboat_Springs_Area_(Warpinski,_Et_Al.,_2004)&oldid=386654" Categories: Exploration Activities DOE Funded Activities What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties About us Disclaimers Energy blogs Linked Data Developer services OpenEI partners with a broad range of international organizations to grow
Analysis of the frequency response of a TeO{sub 2} slow shear wave acousto-optic cell exposed to radiation
Radiation testing of photonic components is not new, however component level testing to date has not completely addressed quantities which are important to system behavior. One characteristic that is of particular importance for optical processing systems is the frequency response. In this report, we present the analysis of data from an experiment designed to provide a preliminary understanding of the effects of radiation on the frequency response of acousto-optic devices. The goal of the analysis is to describe possible physical mechanisms responsible for the radiation effects and to discuss the effects on signal processing functionality. The experiment discussed in this report was designed by Sandia National Laboratories and performed by Sandia and Phillips Laboratory personnel at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). In the experiment, a TeO{sub 2} slow shear wave acousto-optic cell was exposed to radiation from the WSMR linear accelerator. The TeO{sub 2} cell was placed in an experimental configuration which allowed swept frequency diffracted power measurements to be taken during radiation exposure and recovery. A series of exposures was performed. Each exposure consisted of between 1 to 800, 1{mu}sec radiation pulses (yielding exposures of 2.25 kRad(Si) to 913 kRad(Si)), followed by recovery time. At low total and cumulative doses, the bandshape of the frequency response (i.e. diffracted power vs. frequency) remained almost identical during and after radiation. At the higher exposures, however, the amplitude and width of the frequency response changed as the radiation continued, but returned to the original shape slowly after the radiation stopped and recovery proceeded. It is interesting to note that the location of the Bragg degeneracy does not change significantly with radiation. In this report, we discuss these effects from the perspective of anisotropic Bragg diffraction and momentum mismatch, and we discuss the effect on the signal processing functionality.
Erteza, I.A.
Shear wave transducer for boreholes
A technique and apparatus is provided for estimating in situ stresses by measuring stress-induced velocity anisotropy around a borehole. Two sets each of radially and tangentially polarized transducers are placed inside the hole with displacement directions either parallel or perpendicular to the principal stress directions. With this configuration, relative travel times are measured by both a pulsed phase-locked loop technique and a cross correlation of digitized waveforms. The biaxial velocity data are used to back-calculate the applied stress.
Mao, N.H.
The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of shear-wave (S-wave) seismic data acquired with nine-component (9-C) technology and with three-component (3-C) technology. The original proposal was written as if the investigation would be restricted to a single 9-C seismic survey in southwest Kansas (the Ashland survey), on the basis of the assumption that both 9-C and 3-C S-wave images could be created from that one data set. The Ashland survey was designed as a 9-C seismic program. We found that although the acquisition geometry was adequate for 9-C data analysis, the source-receiver geometry did not allow 3-C data to be extracted on an equitable and competitive basis with 9-C data. To do a fair assessment of the relative value of 9-C and 3-C seismic S-wave data, we expanded the study beyond the Ashland survey and included multicomponent seismic data from surveys done in a variety of basins. These additional data were made available through the Bureau of Economic Geology, our research subcontractor. Bureau scientists have added theoretical analyses to this report that provide valuable insights into several key distinctions between 9-C and 3-C seismic data. These theoretical considerations about distinctions between 3-C and 9-C S-wave data are presented first, followed by a discussion of differences between processing 9-C common-midpoint data and 3-C common-conversion-point data. Examples of 9-C and 3-C data are illustrated and discussed in the last part of the report. The key findings of this study are that each S-wave mode (SH-SH, SV-SV, or PSV) involves a different subsurface illumination pattern and a different reflectivity behavior and that each mode senses a different Earth fabric along its propagation path because of the unique orientation of its particle-displacement vector. As a result of the distinct orientation of each mode's particle-displacement vector, one mode may react to a critical geologic condition in a more optimal way than do the other modes. A conclusion of the study is that 9-C seismic data contain more rock and fluid information and more sequence and facies information than do 3-C seismic data; 9-C data should therefore be acquired in multicomponent seismic programs whenever possible.
John Beecherl; Bob A. Hardage
Heat flow and microearthquake studies, Coso Geothermal Area, China Lake, California. Final report
The present research effort at the Coso Geothermal Area located on the China Lake Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, was concerned with: (1) heat flow studies and (2) microearthquake studies associated with the geothermal phenomena in the Coso Hot Springs area. The sites for ten heat flow boreholes were located primarily using the available seismic ground noise and electrical resistivity data. Difficulty was encountered in the drilling of all of the holes due to altered, porous, faulted, and sometime highly fractures zones. Thermal conductivity measurements were completed using both the needle probe technique and the divided bar apparatus with a cell arrangement. Heat flow values were obtaned by combining equilibrium temperature measurements with the appropriate thermal conductivity values. Heat, in the upper few hundred meters of the subsurface associated with the Coso Geothermal Area, is being transferred by a conductive heat transfer mechanism with a value of approximately 15 ..mu..cal/cm/sup 2/-sec. This is typical of geothermal systems throughout the world and is approximately ten times the normal terrestrial heat flow of 1.5 HFU. The background heat flow for the Coso region is about 3.5 HFU.
Combs, J.
Split University | Open Energy Information
Jump to: navigation, search Name Split University Place Zagreb, Croatia Sector Hydro, Solar Product Croatia-based electrical engineering faculty of Split University....
Why Anticyclones Can Split
The question of whether anticyclones can split and break up is readdressed using a numerical, multilayer, primitive equation model. Applying the conservation of integrated angular momentum (IAM) to barotropic and baroclinic vortices, it has been ...
S. S. Drijfhout
Seismic velocity structure and microearthquake source properties at The Geysers, California, geothermal area
The method of progressive hypocenter-velocity inversion has been extended to incorporate S-wave arrival time data and to estimate S-wave velocities in addition to P-wave velocities. S-wave data to progressive inversion does not completely eliminate hypocenter-velocity tradeoffs, but they are substantially reduced. Results of a P and S-wave progressive hypocenter-velocity inversion at The Geysers show that the top of the steam reservoir is clearly defined by a large decrease of V/sub p//V/sub s/ at the condensation zone-production zone contact. The depth interval of maximum steam production coincides with minimum observed V/sub p//V/sub s/, and V/sub p//V/sub s/ increses below the shallow primary production zone suggesting that reservoir rock becomes more fluid saturated. The moment tensor inversion method was applied to three microearthquakes at The Geysers. Estimated principal stress orientations were comparable to those estimated using P-wave firstmotions as constraints. Well constrained principal stress orientations were obtained for one event for which the 17 P-first motions could not distinguish between normal-slip and strike-slip mechanisms. The moment tensor estimates of principal stress orientations were obtained using far fewer stations than required for first-motion focal mechanism solutions. The three focal mechanisms obtained here support the hypothesis that focal mechanisms are a function of depth at The Geysers. Progressive inversion as developed here and the moment tensor inversion method provide a complete approach for determining earthquake locations, P and S-wave velocity structure, and earthquake source mechanisms.
O'Connell, D.R.
Split image optical display
A video image is displayed from an optical panel by splitting the image into a plurality of image components, and then projecting the image components through corresponding portions of the panel to collectively form the image. Depth of the display is correspondingly reduced.
Veligdan, James T. (Manorville, NY)
Plasmonic solar water splitting.
The study of the optoelectronic effects of plasmonic metal nanoparticles on semiconductors has led to compelling evidence for plasmon-enhanced water splitting. We review the relevant physics, device geometries, and research progress in this area. We focus on localized surface plasmons and their effects on semiconductors, particularly in terms of energy transfer, scattering, and hot electron transfer.
Warren, S. C.; Thimsen, E. (Materials Science Division); (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne); (Northwestern Univ.)
Characterization of subsurface fracture patterns in the Coso...
show that most events with paths within the critical angle that defines the shear-wave window, display clear shear-wave splitting, and the fast shear waves have predominant...
Positronium Hyperfine Splitting
Positronium is an ideal system for the research of QED in the bound state. The hyperfine splitting of positronium (Ps-HFS: about 203 GHz) is a good tool to test QED and also sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. Previous experimental results show 3.9\\,$\\sigma$ (15 ppm) discrepancy from the QED $\\mathrm{O}\\left(\\alpha ^3 \\ln{1/\\alpha}\\right)$ prediction. We point out probable common systematic errors in all previous experiments. I measure the Ps-HFS in two different ways. (1) A prototype run without RF system is described first. (2) I explain a new direct Ps-HFS measurement without static magnetic field. The present status of the optimization studies and current design of the experiment are described. We are now taking data of a test experiment for the observation of the direct transition.
Akira Miyazaki
Locating an active fault zone in Coso geothermal field by analyzing seismic guided waves from microearthquake data
Active fault systems usually provide high-permeability channels for hydrothermal outflow in geothermal fields. Locating such fault systems is of a vital importance to plan geothermal production and injection drilling, since an active fault zone often acts as a fracture-extensive low-velocity wave guide to seismic waves. We have located an active fault zone in the Coso geothermal field, California, by identifying and analyzing a fault-zone trapped Rayleigh-type guided wave from microearthquake data. The wavelet transform is employed to characterize guided-wave's velocity-frequency dispersion, and numerical methods are used to simulate the guided-wave propagation. The modeling calculation suggests that the fault zone is {approx} 200m wide, and has a P wave velocity of 4.80 km/s and a S wave velocity of 3.00 km/s, which is sandwiched between two half spaces with relatively higher velocities (P wave velocity 5.60 km/s, and S wave velocity 3.20 km/s). zones having vertical or nearly vertical dipping fault planes.
Split-illumination electron holography
We developed a split-illumination electron holography that uses an electron biprism in the illuminating system and two biprisms (applicable to one biprism) in the imaging system, enabling holographic interference micrographs of regions far from the sample edge to be obtained. Using a condenser biprism, we split an electron wave into two coherent electron waves: one wave is to illuminate an observation area far from the sample edge in the sample plane and the other wave to pass through a vacuum space outside the sample. The split-illumination holography has the potential to greatly expand the breadth of applications of electron holography.
Tanigaki, Toshiaki; Aizawa, Shinji; Suzuki, Takahiro; Park, Hyun Soon [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Inada, Yoshikatsu [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Matsuda, Tsuyoshi [Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Taniyama, Akira [Corporate Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0891 (Japan); Shindo, Daisuke [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Tonomura, Akira [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 (Japan); Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395 (Japan)
Lattice splitting under intermittent flows
We study the splitting of regular square lattices subject to stochastic intermittent flows. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations we reveal how the time span until the occurence of a splitting depends on various flow patterns imposed on the lattices. Increasing the flow fluctuation frequencies shortens this time span which reaches a minimum before rising again due to inertia effects incorporated in the model. The size of the largest connected component after the splitting is rather independent of the flow fluctuations but sligthly decreases with the link capacities. Our results are relevant for assessing the robustness of real-life systems, such as electric power grids with a large share of renewable energy sources including wind turbines and photovoltaic systems.
Schl�pfer, Markus
Integrated High Resolution Microearthquake Analysis and Monitoring for Optimizing Steam Production at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California
In December of 2003 a large amount of water from the Santa Rosa wastewater project began being pumped to The Geysers for injection. Millions of dollars are being spent on this injection project in the anticipation that the additional fluid will not only extend the life of The Geysers but also greatly increase the net amount of energy extracted. Optimal use of the injected water, however, will require that the water be injected at the right place, in the right amount and at the proper rate. It has been shown that Microearthquake (MEQ) generation is a direct indicator of the effect of fluid injection at The Geysers (Majer and McEvilly 1979; Eberhart-Phillips and Oppenheimer 1984; Enedy et al. 1992; Stark 1992; Kirkpatrick et al. 1999; Smith et al. 2000). It is one of the few, if not only methods, practical to monitor the volumetric effect of water injection at The Geysers. At the beginning of this project there was not a detailed MEQ response, Geysers-wide, to a large influx of water such as will be the case from the Santa Rosa injection project. New technology in MEQ acquisition and analysis, while used in parts of The Geysers for short periods of time had not been applied reservoir-wide to obtain an integrated analysis of the reservoir. Also needed was a detailed correlation with the production and injection data on a site wide basis. Last but not least, needed was an assurance to the community that the induced seismicity is documented and understood such that if necessary, mitigation actions can be undertaken in a timely manner. This project was necessary not only for optimizing the heat recovery from the resource, but for assuring the community that there is no hazard associated with the increased injection activities. Therefore, the primary purpose of this project was to develop and apply high-resolution micro earthquake methodology for the entire Geysers geothermal field such that at the end of this project a monitoring and process definition methodology will be available to: (1) Optimize the economic development of The Geysers (as well as other areas) by providing improved information on fluid flow and reservoir dynamics. (2) Aid in the mitigation of environmental impacts of increased fluid injection by improving the understanding between fluid injection and seismicity. (3) Provide a cost-effective blueprint such that the technology can be applied on a routine basis in the future.
Majer, Ernest; Peterson, John; Stark, Mitch; Smith, Bill; Rutqvist, Jonny; Kennedy, Mack
The split algebras and noncompact Hopf maps
We develop a noncompact version of the Hopf maps based on the split algebras. The split algebras consist of three species: split-complex numbers, split quaternions, and split octonions. They correspond to three noncompact Hopf maps that represent topological maps between hyperboloids in different dimensions with hyperboloid bundle. We realize such noncompact Hopf maps in two ways: one is to utilize the split-imaginary unit, and the other is to utilize the ordinary imaginary unit. Topological structures of the hyperboloid bundles are explored, and the canonical connections are naturally regarded as noncompact gauge field of monopoles.
Hasebe, Kazuki [Department of General Education, Kagawa National College of Technology, Takuma-cho, Mitoyo city, Kagawa 769-1192 (Japan)
Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Ductless, mini-split-system heat pumps (mini splits), as their name implies, do not have ducts. Therefore, they make good retrofit add-ons to houses or buildings with "non-ducted" heating systems,...
Split ring containment attachment device
A containment attachment device is described for operatively connecting a glovebag to plastic sheeting covering hazardous material. The device includes an inner split ring member connected on one end to a middle ring member wherein the free end of the split ring member is inserted through a slit in the plastic sheeting to captively engage a generally circular portion of the plastic sheeting. A collar portion having an outer ring portion is provided with fastening means for securing the device together wherein the glovebag is operatively connected to the collar portion. Hazardous material such as radioactive waste may be sealed in plastic bags for small items or wrapped in plastic sheeting for large items. Occasionally the need arises to access the hazardous material in a controlled manner, that is, while maintaining total containment. Small items could be placed entirely inside a containment glovebag. However, it may not be possible or practical to place large items inside a containment; instead, one or more glovebags could be attached to the plastic sheeting covering the hazardous material. It is this latter application for which the split ring containment attachment device is intended.
Sammel, A.G.
Splitting and Confirming Large File
Splitting and Confirming Large File Splitting and Confirming Large File Name: Bradley C. Status: Student Age: 16 Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: June 2003 Question: I just calculated one billion digits of pi on my PC, how do I confirm them? I cannot access them because the file size is 1.28 GB, my ram is only 512 MB, meaning none of my word processor's will touch it. Is it possible to split the document, somehow? Then how do I confirm the digits? Replies: Checking the correctness of large numbers -- transcendental numbers like 'pi', or a large prime -- is not easy because there are many sources of error that are difficult to detect, or track down. Some, but by no means all are: 1. How "good" (that is convergent) is the algorithm? If, for example the algorithm is some sort of infinite series, there is always a truncation error, because you cannot compute an infinite number of terms in a finite amount of time. The further out you go in the algorithm, the more significant these errors become.
Precision aligned split V-block
A precision aligned split V-block for holding a workpiece during a milling operation having an expandable frame for allowing various sized workpieces to be accommodated, is easily secured directly to the mill table and having key lugs in one base of the split V-block that assures constant alignment.
George, Irwin S. (3240 Siringo Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501)
Instead of splitting the atom --the
Instead of splitting the atom - - the principle behind the 1940s Manhattan Project that build of the Sun and the stars. BACK STAR POWER: ITER, BOLDEST NUCLEAR INITIATIVE SINCE MANHATTAN PROJECT Received infinite. Instead of splitting the atom -- the principle behind the 1940s Manhattan Project that build
Innovative solar thermochemical water splitting.
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is evaluating the potential of an innovative approach for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using two-step thermochemical cycles. Thermochemical cycles are heat engines that utilize high-temperature heat to produce chemical work. Like their mechanical work-producing counterparts, their efficiency depends on operating temperature and on the irreversibility of their internal processes. With this in mind, we have invented innovative design concepts for two-step solar-driven thermochemical heat engines based on iron oxide and iron oxide mixed with other metal oxides (ferrites). The design concepts utilize two sets of moving beds of ferrite reactant material in close proximity and moving in opposite directions to overcome a major impediment to achieving high efficiency--thermal recuperation between solids in efficient counter-current arrangements. They also provide inherent separation of the product hydrogen and oxygen and are an excellent match with high-concentration solar flux. However, they also impose unique requirements on the ferrite reactants and materials of construction as well as an understanding of the chemical and cycle thermodynamics. In this report the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine and its basic operating principals are described. Preliminary thermal efficiency estimates are presented and discussed. Our ferrite reactant material development activities, thermodynamic studies, test results, and prototype hardware development are also presented.
Hogan, Roy E. Jr.; Siegel, Nathan P.; Evans, Lindsey R.; Moss, Timothy A.; Stuecker, John Nicholas (Robocasting Enterprises, Albuquerque, NM); Diver, Richard B., Jr.; Miller, James Edward; Allendorf, Mark D. (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA); James, Darryl L. (Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX)
Complementation in Chol (Mayan) : a theory of split ergativity :
The central claim of this dissertation is that aspect-based split ergativity does not mark a split in how Case is assigned, but rather, a split in sentence structure. Specifically, I argue that the contexts in which we ...
Coon, Jessica
2S Hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen
Corrections of orders alpha^5, alpha^6 are calculated in the hyperfine splitting of the 2S state in the muonic hydrogen. The nuclear structure effects are taken into account in the one- and two-loop Feynman amplitudes by means of the proton electromagnetic form factors. Total numerical value of the 2S state hyperfine splitting 22.8148 meV in the (\\mu p) can be considered as reliable estimation for the corresponding experiment with the accuracy 10^{-5}. The value of the Sternheim's hyperfine splitting interval [8\\Delta E^{HFS}(2S)-\\Delta E^{HFS}(1S)] is obtained with the accuracy 10^{-6}.
A. P. Martynenko
Science: Catalysis, Water Splitting Goes Au Naturel
J. Alper, "Water Splitting Goes Au Naturel", Science, 299, 1686-1687 (2003). A.K. Jones, E. Sillery, S.P.J. Albracht, and F.A. Armstrong, "Direct comparison of the electrocatalytic...
Ductless Mini-Split Air Conditioners | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Ductless Mini-Split Air Conditioners Ductless Mini-Split Air Conditioners Ductless Mini-Split Air Conditioners August 9, 2012 - 4:05pm Addthis A ductless mini-split air conditioner is one solution to cooling part of a house. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/LUke1138. A ductless mini-split air conditioner is one solution to cooling part of a house. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/LUke1138. What does this mean for me? A ductless mini-split air conditioner is easier to install than a central air conditioning system. A ductless mini-split air conditioner provides zoned air conditioning without ducting. A ductless mini-split air conditioner is relatively easy to install and does not provide an entry point for intruders as some room air conditioners do. Ductless, mini split-system air-conditioners (mini splits) have numerous
Splitting schemes for hyperbolic heat conduction equation
Rapid processes of heat transfer are not described by the standard heat conduction equation. To take into account a finite velocity of heat transfer, we use the hyperbolic model of heat conduction, which is connected with the relaxation of heat fluxes. In this case, the mathematical model is based on a hyperbolic equation of second order or a system of equations for the temperature and heat fluxes. In this paper we construct for the hyperbolic heat conduction equation the additive schemes of splitting with respect to directions. Unconditional stability of locally one-dimensional splitting schemes is established. New splitting schemes are proposed and studied for a system of equations written in terms of the temperature and heat fluxes.
Vabishchevich, Petr N
Manipulating the electron current through a splitting
The description of electron current through a splitting is a mathematical problem of electron transport in quantum networks. For quantum networks constructed on the interface of narrow-gap semiconductors the relevant scattering problem for the multi-dimensional Schoedinger equation may be substituted by the corresponding problem on a one-dimensional linear graph with proper selfadjoint boundary conditions at the nodes. However, realistic boundary conditions for splittings have not yet been derived. Here we consider some compact domain attached to a few semi-infinite lines as a model for a quantum network. An asymptotic formula for the scattering matrix for this object is derived in terms of the properties of the compact domain. This allows us to propose designs for devices for manipulating quantum current through a splitting.
M. Harmer; A. Mikhailova; B. S. Pavlov
Intervalley splittings of Si quantum wells
Multi-valley effective mass theory for silicon quantum well structure is studied taking into account the external fields and the quantum interfaces. It is found that the phenomenological delta function potential, employed to explain the valley splitting caused by the quantum well interface in the previous work [Ref. 10], can be derived self-consistently from the multi-valley effective mass theory. Finite element method is used to solve the multi-valley effective equations. Theoretical predictions are in a reasonably good agreement with the recent experimental observation of valley splitting in a SiO_{2}/Si/SiO_{2} quantum well, which prove the validity of our approach.
S. -H. Park; Y. Y. Lee; Doyeol Ahn
Isospin Splittings of Doubly Heavy Baryons
The SELEX Collaboration has reported a very large isospin splitting of doubly charmed baryons. We show that this effect would imply that the doubly charmed baryons are very compact. One intriguing possibility is that such baryons have a linear geometry Q-q-Q where the light quark q oscillates between the two heavy quarks Q, analogous to a linear molecule such as carbon dioxide. However, using conventional arguments, the size of a heavy-light hadron is expected to be around 0.5 fm, much larger than the size needed to explain the observed large isospin splitting. Assuming the distance between two heavy quarks is much smaller than that between the light quark and a heavy one, the doubly heavy baryons are related to the heavy mesons via heavy quark-diquark symmetry. Based on this symmetry, we predict the isospin splittings for doubly heavy baryons including {Xi}{sub cc}, {Xi}{sub bb} and {Xi}{sub bc}. The prediction for the {Xi}{sub cc} is much smaller than the SELEX value. On the other hand, the {Xi}{sub bb} baryons are predicted to have an isospin splitting as large as (6.3 {+-} 1.7) MeV. An experimental study of doubly bottomed baryons is therefore very important to better understand the structure of baryons with heavy quarks.
Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC; Guo, Feng-Kun; /Bonn U., HISKP /Bonn U.; Hanhart, Christoph; /Julich, Forschungszentrum /JCHP, Julich /IAS, Julich; Meissner, Ulf-G.; /Julich, Forschungszentrum /JCHP, Julich /IAS, Julich /Bonn U., HISKP /Bonn U.
Characterization Of Fracture Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal...
By Shear-Wave Splitting Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Report: Characterization Of Fracture Patterns In The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir By...
Split manageable efficient algorithm for Fourier and Hadamard transforms
In this paper, a general, efficient, manageable split algorithm to compute one-dimensional (1-D) unitary transforms, by using the special partitioning in the frequency domain, is introduced. The partitions determine fast transformations that split the ...
A.M. Grigoryan; S.S. Agaian
Focussing the view on Nature's water-splitting catalyst
formation in synthetic Mn-catalyst. Inorg. Chem. 43, 264-Nature�s water-splitting catalyst Samir Zein 1,2 , Leonid V.Nature�s water splitting catalyst Abstract About 3 billion
Yano, Junko
Iron-oxide catalyzed silicon photoanode for water splitting
This thesis presents an integrated study of high efficiency photoanodes for water splitting using silicon and iron-oxide. The fundamental limitations of silicon to water splitting applications were overcome by an ultrathin ...
Jun, Kimin
Discovery of an Unexpected Boost for Solar Water-Splitting ...
Discovery of an Unexpected Boost for Solar Water-Splitting Cells. For Immediate Release: April 21, 2009. ...
Internal/External Split Field Generator - Energy Innovation Portal
Wind Energy Vehicles and Fuels Industrial Technologies Hydropower, Wave and Tidal Geothermal Internal/External Split Field Generator Oak Ridge ...
Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping in split scenario
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards " (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. A Mobile IPv6 node requires a Home Agent address, a home address, and IPsec security associations with its Home Agent before it can start utilizing Mobile IPv6 service. RFC 3775 requires that some or all of these are statically configured. This document defines how a Mobile IPv6 node can bootstrap this information from non-topological information and security credentials pre-configured on the Mobile Node. The solution defined in this document solves the split scenario described in the Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping problem statement in RFC 4640. The split scenario refers to the case where the Mobile
G. Giaretta; J. Kempf; V. Devarapalli
Valley splitting in strained silicon quantum wells Timothy B. Boykin
Valley splitting in strained silicon quantum wells Timothy B. Boykin Department of Electrical on localized-orbital approaches is developed to describe the valley splitting observed in silicon quantum wells in the absence of electric field in contrast to previous works. The splitting in a square well oscillates
Sheridan, Jennifer
Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath...
the Coso volcanic field, and are coincident with the epicentral locations of recent earthquake swarms. No anomalous attenuation is seen beneath the Coso volcanic field above about...
the piezoelectric source plate and the rock surface. With aThe S^j sources were bonded to the rock surface with a fast-^ source plate was epoxied in position on the rock specimen.
Waters, K.H.
of Energy, or the Swedish Nuclear Fuel Supply Company.through the Swedish Nuclear Fuel Supply Company (SKBF), andEnergy and/or the Swedish Nuclear Fuel Supply Company. Any
Real time quantitative elastography using supersonic shear wave imaging
Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) is a quantitative stiffness imaging technique based on the combination of a radiation force induced in tissue by an ultrasonic beam and ultrafast ultrasound imaging sequence (up to more than 10000 frames per second) catching ... Keywords: cancer, diagnosis, elastography, ultrafast imaging, ultrasound
Mickael Tanter; Mathieu Pernot; Gabriel Montaldo; Jean-Luc Gennisson; Eric Bavu; Emilie Mac�; Thu-Mai Nguyen; Mathieu Couade; Mathias Fink
Shear wave velocities from noise correlation at local scale
Cross correlations of ambient seismic noise recordings have been studied to infer shear seismic velocities with depth. Experiments have been done in the crowded and noisy historical centre of Napoli over inter-station distances from 50 m to about 400 m, whereas active seismic spreadings are prohibitive, even for just one receiver. Group velocity dispersion curves have been extracted with FTAN method from the noise cross correlations and then the non linear inversion of them has resulted in Vs profiles with depth. The information of near by stratigraphies and the range of Vs variability for samples of Neapolitan soils and rocks confirms the validity of results obtained with our expeditious procedure. Moreover, the good comparison of noise H/V frequency of the first main peak with 1D and 2D spectral amplifications encourages to continue experiments of noise cross-correlation. If confirmed in other geological settings, the proposed approach could reveal a low cost methodology to obtain reliable and detailed Vs velocity profiles.
De Nisco, G.; Nunziata, C. [Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Univ. Napoli Federico II (Italy); Vaccari, F. [Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Univ. Trieste (Italy); Panza, G. F. [Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Univ. Trieste (Italy); The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, ESP-SAND Group, Trieste (Italy)
Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pump Basics | Department of Energy
Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pump Basics Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pump Basics Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pump Basics August 19, 2013 - 11:04am Addthis Ductless, mini-split-system heat pumps (mini splits), as their name implies, do not have ducts. Therefore, they make good retrofit add-ons to houses or buildings with "non-ducted" heating systems, such as hydronic (hot water heat), radiant panels, and space heaters (wood, kerosene, propane). They can also be a good choice for room additions, where extending or installing distribution ductwork is not feasible. How Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps Work Like standard air-source heat pumps, mini splits have two main components: an outdoor compressor/condenser, and an indoor air-handling unit. A conduit, which houses the power cable, refrigerant tubing, suction tubing,
Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps | Department of Energy
Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps June 24, 2012 - 4:19pm Addthis What does this mean for me? You can take advantage of the fact that -- unlike earlier versions -- newer models of ductless mini-split heat pumps operate effectively in cold temperatures. If you are building an addition or doing a major remodel and your home does not have heating and cooling ducts, a ductless mini-split heat pump may be a cost-effective, energy-efficient choice. Ductless, mini-split-system heat pumps (mini splits) make good retrofit add-ons to houses with "non-ducted" heating systems, such as hydronic (hot water heat), radiant panels, and space heaters (wood, kerosene, propane). They can also be a good choice for room additions where extending or
Rating of Mixed Split Residential Air Conditioners
A methodology is presented for rating the performance of mixed, split residential air conditioners. The method accounts for the impact on system performance of the indoor evaporator, expansion device and fan; three major components that are likely to be substituted for the matched components in a mixed system. The method allows calculation of capacity at 95�F rating point and seasonal energy efficiency ratio, SEER, without performing laboratory test of the complete system. Limitations of the procedure, present work, and anticipated improvements are also discussed.
Domanski, P. A.
Renewable hydrogen production by photosynthetic water splitting
This mission-oriented research project is focused on the production of renewable hydrogen. The authors have demonstrated that certain unicellular green algae are capable of sustained simultaneous photoproduction of hydrogen and oxygen by light-activated photosynthetic water splitting. It is the goal of this project to develop a practical chemical engineering system for the development of an economic process that can be used to produce renewable hydrogen. There are several fundamental problems that need to be solved before the application of this scientific knowledge can be applied to the development a practical process: (I) maximizing net thermodynamic conversion efficiency of light energy into hydrogen energy, (2) development of oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase-containing mutants, and (3) development of bioreactors that can be used in a real-world chemical engineering process. The authors are addressing each of these problems here at ORNL and in collaboration with their research colleagues at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Hawaii. This year the authors have focused on item 1 above. In particular, they have focused on the question of how many light reactions are required to split water to molecular hydrogen and oxygen.
Greenbaum, E.; Lee, J.W.
The free splitting complex of a free group I: Hyperbolicity
We prove that the free splitting complex of a finite rank free group, also known as Hatcher's sphere complex, is hyperbolic.
Handel, Michael
Signature splitting in $^{173}$W with triaxial particle rotor model
A particle rotor model with a quasi-neutron coupled with a triaxially deformed rotor is applied to study signature splitting for bands with intruder orbital $\
B. Qi; S. Q. Zhang; S. Y. Wang; J. Meng
Qi, B; Wang, S Y; Meng, J
Lithium Redox Process for Thermochemical Water-Splitting as ...
Abstract Scope, Thermochemical water-splitting by Li redox process consists of three ... A21: First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Chemical�...
Two Electron Holes in Hematite Facilitate Water Splitting
Two Electron Holes in Hematite Facilitate Water Splitting Print Hydrogen is an attractive form of fuel because its only by-product is nonpolluting water vapor. The problem,...
Faster, More Efficient Redox Cycle to Split Water or ...
heating or cooling is required between the respective ... using concentrated solar energy to provide thermal ... More Efficient Redox Cycle to Split W ...
On convergence rate of the Douglas-Rachford operator splitting ...
[5] M. Fukushima, The primal Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm for a class of monotone mappings with application to the traffic equilibrium problem, Math.
Energy Basics: Ductless, Mini-Split Heat Pumps
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Systems Air-Source Heat Pumps Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps Absorption Heat Pumps Geothermal Heat Pumps Supporting Equipment for Heating & Cooling Systems Water Heating...
Split-field pupil plane determination apparatus
A split-field pupil plane determination apparatus (10) having a wedge assembly (16) with a first glass wedge (18) and a second glass wedge (20) positioned to divide a laser beam (12) into a first laser beam half (22) and a second laser beam half (24) which diverge away from the wedge assembly (16). A wire mask (26) is positioned immediately after the wedge assembly (16) in the path of the laser beam halves (22, 24) such that a shadow thereof is cast as a first shadow half (30) and a second shadow half (32) at the input to a relay telescope (14). The relay telescope (14) causes the laser beam halves (22, 24) to converge such that the first shadow half (30) of the wire mask (26) is aligned with the second shadow half (32) at any subsequent pupil plane (34).
Salmon, Joseph T. (Livermore, CA)
Model-robust designs for split-plot experiments
Split-plot experiments are appropriate when some factors are more difficult and/or expensive to change than others. They require two levels of randomization resulting in a non-independent error structure. The design of such experiments has garnered much ... Keywords: D-optimality, Exact experimental design, Maximin, Model-robust, Split-plot
Byran J. Smucker; Enrique Del Castillo; James L. Rosenberger
Routing in sparse splitting optical networks with multicast traffic
In this paper, we investigate the problem of Multicast Routing in Sparse Splitting Networks (MR-SSN). Given a network topology with the multicast capable nodes distributed uniformly throughout the network, and a multicast session, the MR-SSN problem ... Keywords: Steiner tree, Tabu search, light splitting, multicast, power issues
Shuguang Yan; Jitender S. Deogun; Maher Ali
Proton structure corrections to electronic and muonic hydrogen hyperfine splitting
We present a precise determination of the polarizability and other proton structure dependent contributions to the hydrogen hyperfine splitting, based heavily on the most recent published data on proton spin dependent structure functions from the EG1 experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory. As a result, the total calculated hyperfine splitting now has a standard deviation slightly under 1 part-per-million, and is about 1 standard deviation away from the measured value. We also present results for muonic hydrogen hyperfine splitting, taking care to ensure the compatibility of the recoil and polarizability terms.
Carlson, Carl; Nazaryan, Vahagn; Griffioen, Keith
Solar Thermo-Chemical Splitting of Carbon Dioxide by Metal Oxide ...
Presentation Title, Solar Thermo-Chemical Splitting of Carbon Dioxide by Metal ... which can split carbon dioxide as well as water molecules by abstracting�...
Two Electron Holes in Hematite Facilitate Water Splitting Print Two Electron Holes in Hematite Facilitate Water Splitting Print Hydrogen is an attractive form of fuel because its only by-product is nonpolluting water vapor. The problem, however, is that the production of hydrogen-via the process of water splitting-currently requires the burning of traditional fossil fuels. Therefore, water splitting by photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) fueled by solar power has long been a primary goal of sustainable energy research. One roadblock to this goal is that the search for stable, affordable, high-performance PEC electrodes has so far failed to identify an ideal material. Now, researchers from Switzerland, China, and Berkeley have gained an in-depth understanding of the electronic structure of hematite (iron oxide), a promising PEC photoanode candidate, by performing in situ and operando soft x-ray spectroscopy at ALS Beamline 7.0.1.
Optimized Retrievals of Precipitable Water from the VAS �Split Window�
Precipitable water fields have been retrieved from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) using a radiation transfer model for the differential water vapor absorption between the 11 and 12 ?m �split window� channels. Previous moisture retrievals ...
Dennis Chesters; Wayne D. Robinson; Louis W. Uccellini
Field Monitoring Protocol: Mini-Split Heat Pumps
The report provides a detailed method for accurately measuring and monitoring performance of a residential Mini-Split Heat Pump. It will be used in high-performance retrofit applications, and as part of DOE's Building America residential research program.
Christensen, D.; Fang, X.; Tomerlin, J.; Winkler, J.; Hancock, E.
Ozone Chemistry during the 2002 Antarctic Vortex Split
In September 2002, the Antarctic polar vortex was disturbed, and it split into two parts caused by an unusually early stratospheric major warming. This study discusses the chemical consequences of this event using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of ...
Jens-Uwe Groo�; Paul Konopka; Rolf M�ller
Optimization Online - A probabilistic comparison of split and type 1 ...
Jun 1, 2010 ... A probabilistic comparison of split and type 1 triangle cuts for two row mixed- integer programs. Qie He(qie.he ***at*** gatech.edu) Shabbir�...
DOE - Office of Legacy Management -- WNI Split Rock Site - 043
Split Rock Site - 043 Split Rock Site - 043 FUSRAP Considered Sites Site: WNI Split Rock Site (043) Designated Name: Alternate Name: Location: Evaluation Year: Site Operations: Site Disposition: Radioactive Materials Handled: Primary Radioactive Materials Handled: Radiological Survey(s): Site Status: The Western Nuclear, Inc. (WNI) Split Rock site is a Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Title II site located in Jeffrey City, Wyoming. UMTRA Title II sites are privately owned and operated sites that were active when the Uranium Mill Tailings Control Act was passed in 1978. The majority of the milling conducted at these sites was for private sale, but a portion was sold to the U.S. Government. After the owner completes U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission license termination, the Department of
Multi-split Unit Heating Performance Evaluation by Simulation
In recent years, a number of companies have developed multi-split ductless heat pump (DHP) systems that are claimed to be more energy efficient than conventional single-speed systems. However, with multiple additional features compared to traditional systems, it is difficult to separate out the most important advantages of multi-split DHP systems over the conventional ones. For instance, how much of the savings are due to elimination of duct work as compared with the introduction of variable-speed ...
Learning How Nature Uses Sunlight to Split Water
Mn4Ca Structure. (click on image for diagram portraying the water-splitting catalytic cycle) Mn4Ca Structure. (click on image for diagram portraying the water-splitting catalytic cycle) Scientific Highlight LBNL Press Release Physical Biosciences, LBNL 30 November 2006 Learning How Nature Splits Water (Condensed by Brad Plummer from a press release issued by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Billions of years ago, primitive bacteria developed a way to harness sunlight to split water molecules into protons, electrons and oxygen-the cornerstone of photosynthesis. Now, a team of scientists has taken a major step toward understanding this process by deriving the precise structure of the catalytic metal-cluster center containing four manganese atoms and one calcium atom (Mn4Ca) that drives this water-splitting reaction. This catalytic center resides in a large protein complex, called photosystem II, found in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The international team was led by scientists from LBNL, and includes scientists from Germany's Technical and Free Universities in Berlin, the Max Planck Institute in Mülheim, and from SSRL.
Higgs, Binos and Gluinos: Split Susy within Reach
Recent results from the LHC for the Higgs boson with mass between 142 GeV {approx}Higgs mass in this range and possible discovery modes for Split Susy. Moderate lifetime gluinos, with decay lengths in the 25 {micro}m to 10 yr range, are its imminent smoking gun signature. The 7TeV LHC will be sensitive to the moderately lived gluinos and trilepton signatures from direct electroweakino production. Moreover, the dark matter abundance may be obtained from annihilation through an s-channel Higgs resonance, with the LSP almost purely bino and mass m{sub {chi}{sub 1}{sup 0}} {approx_equal} 70 GeV. The Higgs resonance region of Split Susy has visible signatures in dark matter direct and indirect detection and electric dipole moment experiments. If the anomalies go away, the majority of Split Susy parameter space will be excluded.
Alves, Daniele S.M.; Izaguirre, Eder; /SLAC /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Wacker, Jay G.; /SLAC /Stanford U., ITP
A beam splitter to create two separated parallel beams is a critical unit of a pencil beam interferometer, for example the long trace profiler (LTP). The operating principle of the beam splitter can be based upon either amplitude-splitting (AS) or wavefront-splitting (WS). For precision measurements with the LTP, an equal optical path system with two parallel beams is desired. Frequency drift of the light source in a non-equal optical path system will cause the interference fringes to drift. An equal optical path prism beam splitter with an amplitude-splitting (AS-EBS) beam splitter and a phase shift beam splitter with a wavefront-splitting (WS-PSBS) are introduced. These beam splitters are well suited to the stability requirement for a pencil beam interferometer due to the characteristics of monolithic structure and equal optical path. Several techniques to produce WS-PSBS by hand are presented. In addition, the WS-PSBS using double thin plates, made from microscope cover plates, has great advantages of economy, convenience, availability and ease of adjustment over other beam splitting methods. Comparison of stability measurements made with the AS-EBS, WS-PSBS, and other beam splitters is presented.
Recent results from the LHC for the Higgs boson with mass between 142 GeV {approx}< m{sub h{sup 0}} {approx}< 147 GeV points to PeV-scale Split Supersymmetry. This article explores the consequences of a Higgs mass in this range and possible discovery modes for Split Susy. Moderate lifetime gluinos, with decay lengths in the 25 {micro}m to 10 yr range, are its imminent smoking gun signature. The 7TeV LHC will be sensitive to the moderately lived gluinos and trilepton signatures from direct electroweakino production. Moreover, the dark matter abundance may be obtained from annihilation through an s-channel Higgs resonance, with the LSP almost purely bino and mass m{sub {chi}{sub 1}{sup 0}} {approx_equal} 70 GeV. The Higgs resonance region of Split Susy has visible signatures in dark matter direct and indirect detection and electric dipole moment experiments. If the anomalies go away, the majority of Split Susy parameter space will be excluded.
Processor virtualization and split compilation for heterogeneous multicore embedded systems
Embedded multiprocessors have always been heterogeneous, driven by the power-efficiency and compute-density of hardware specialization. We aim to achieve portability and sustained performance of complete applications, leveraging diverse programmable ... Keywords: annotations, back-end optimization, bytecode language, heterogeneous multicore, portable performance, specialization, split compilation, vectorization, virtualization
Albert Cohen; Erven Rohou
How does gluon string split into two quark ones
In this paper, the authors assume that gluon string splits into two quark ones and not instantaneously but via creation of the so-called zip-antizip pairs along the gluon string. This additional stage prolongs hadronization process and gives the novel source of fluctuations that softens hadron z-spectrum and widens the multiplicity distribution.
Gurvich, E.G.; Leptoukh, G.G. (Inst. of Physics of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tamarashvili 6, Tbilisi (USSR))
Nucleon Mass Splitting at Finite Isospin Chemical Potential
We investigate nucleon mass splitting at finite isospin chemical potential in the frame of two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. It is analytically proved that, in the phase with explicit isospin symmetry breaking the proton mass decreases and the neutron mass increases linearly in the isospin chemical potential.
Sheng Chang; Jifeng Liu; Pengfei Zhuang
Atmospheric Absorption in the VAS Split-Window Channels
The Visible Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) split-window channels at 10�12.5 ?m and 12.6�12.8 ?m can be used to give measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitable water amount in the lower ...
Ian J. Barton
Version 1.0 Lithium hyper ne splitting
Version 1.0 Lithium hyper#12;ne splitting Krzysztof Pachucki #3; Institute of Theoretical Physics approach for the calculation of relativistic m#11; 6 corrections to the lithium ground state hyper#12;ne problem. We will concentrate on lithium as the simplest alkali-metal atom, for which several precise
Pachucki, Krzysztof
Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pump Comfort Evaluation
Field tests were conducted in two homes in Austin, TX to evaluate the comfort performance of ductless mini-split heat pumps (DMSHPs), measuring temperature and relative humidity measurements in four rooms in each home before and after retrofitting a central HVAC system with DMSHPs.
Roth, K.; Sehgal, N.; Akers, C.
A primal-dual splitting method for convex optimization involving ...
Dec 16, 2011 ... and the variables may live in very high-dimensional spaces. The first-order prox- ... In this work, we propose a new proximal splitting method for the generic template ..... obtained along this line of research remain to be studied.
Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows
Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort Title Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-6152E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Fernandes, Luis L., Eleanor S. Lee, and Gregory J. Ward Journal Energy and Buildings Volume 61 Pagination 8-20 Abstract A simulation study was conducted to evaluate lighting energy savings of split-pane electrochromic (EC) windows controlled to satisfy key visual comfort parameters. Using the Radiance lighting simulation software, interior illuminance and luminance levels were computed for a south-facing private office illuminated by a window split into two independently-controlled EC panes. The transmittance of these was optimized hourly for a workplane illuminance target while meeting visual comfort constraints, using a least-squares algorithm with linear inequality constraints. Blinds were successively deployed until visual comfort criteria were satisfied. The energy performance of electrochromics proved to be highly dependent on how blinds were controlled. With hourly blind position adjustments, electrochromics showed significantly higher (62% and 53%, respectively without and with overhang)lighting energy consumption than clear glass. With a control algorithm designed to better approximate realistic manual control by an occupant, electrochromics achieved significant savings (48% and 37%, respectively without and with overhang). In all cases, energy consumption decreased when the workplace illuminance target was increased. In addition, the fraction of time during which the occupant had an unobstructed view of the outside was significantly greater with electrochromics: 10 months out of the year versus a handful of days for the reference case.
Analysis of Parallel versus Sequential Splittings for Time-Stepping Physical Parameterizations
Various numerical issues concerning different approaches to the time stepping of physical parameterizations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models are examined. Parallel-split and sequential-split methods are explained and ...
Mark Dubal; Nigel Wood; Andrew Staniforth
Gazing at Cirrus Clouds for 25 Years through a Split Window. Part I: Methodology
This paper demonstrates that the split-window approach for estimating cloud properties can improve upon the methods commonly used for generating cloud temperature and emissivity climatologies from satellite imagers. Because the split-window ...
Andrew K. Heidinger; Michael J. Pavolonis
A Split Quasi-Lagrangian Method for Use in a Regional Barotropic Model
An economical advection scheme with linear high-order accuracy is described. A splitting technique is not only used to solve the equations a barotropic model, but is used to split the two dimensional quasi-Lagrangian advection with one-...
Teng Jiamo
San Andreas Split Geothermal Region | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » San Andreas Split Geothermal Region Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home San Andreas Split Geothermal Region Details Areas (0) Power Plants (0) Projects (0) Techniques (0) Assessment of Moderate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources of the United States[1] References ↑ "Assessment of Moderate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources of the United States" Geothermal Region Data State(s) California Area 18,246 km²18,246,000,000 m² 7,042.956 mi² 196,398,119,400 ft² 21,822,216,000 yd² 4,508,677.83 acres USGS Resource Estimate for this Region
Operator-splitting finite element algorithms for computations of high-dimensional parabolic problems
Operator-splitting finite element algorithms for computations of high-dimensional parabolic t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Operator-splitting method Finite element method Parabolic equations High-dimensional problems a b s t r a c t An operator-splitting finite element method for solving high-dimensional parabolic
Ganesan, Sashikumaar
A real space split operator method for the Klein-Gordon equation
The Klein-Gordon equation is a Lorentz invariant equation of motion for spinless particles. We propose a real space split operator method for the solution of the time-dependent Klein-Gordon equation with arbitrary electromagnetic fields. Split operator ... Keywords: 02.70.-c, 02.70.Bf, 03.65.Pm, Klein-Gordon equation, Numerical simulation, Split operator method
Matthias Ruf; Heiko Bauke; Christoph H. Keitel
Operator splitting approach applied to oscillatory flow and heat transfer in a tube
The method of operator splitting is applied to an advection-diffusion model as it occurs in a pulse tube. Firstly, the governing equations of the simplified model are studied and the mathematical description is derived. Then the splitting approach is ... Keywords: 35L65, 65M06, 80A20, Domain decomposition, Operator splitting, Pulse tube, Recuperator, Taylor dispersion
R. Widura; M. Lehn; K. Muralidhar; R. Scherer
Two-step modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method for linear complementarity problems
Bai has recently presented a modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method, which is a powerful alternative for solving the large sparse linear complementarity problems. In this paper, we further present a two-step modulus-based matrix splitting iteration ... Keywords: Convergence, Iteration method, Linear complementarity problem, Matrix splitting
Li-Li Zhang
Permanent split capacitor single phase electric motor system
A permanent split capacitor single phase electric motor achieves balanced operation at more than one operating point by adjusting the voltage supplied to the main and auxiliary windings and adjusting the capacitance in the auxiliary winding circuit. An intermediate voltage tap on an autotransformer supplies voltage to the main winding for low speed operation while a capacitive voltage divider is used to adjust the voltage supplied to the auxiliary winding for low speed operation. 4 figs.
Kirschbaum, H.S.
Correction to �Intersection Cuts with Infinite Split Rank�
We point out that the statement of Lemma 2.2 (ii) in [1] is incorrect. We fix the statement and show that this error does not impact the other results of the paper. 1 Correction to Lemma 2.2 The following is a corected version of Lemma 2.2 in [1]. The correction is in bold. Lemma 2.2. Let Q be the linear relaxation of X = {(x, y) |Ax + By ? b, x ? Z p, y ? R q}. (ii) Let y ? be a subset of the y variables and let Q(x, y ? ) be the orthogonal projection of Q onto the variables (x, y ?). Consider a valid inequality I for conv(X) whose coefficients for the y variables not in y ? are all 0. The split rank of inequality I with respect to Q(x, y ? ) is greater than or equal to its split rank with respect to Q. The original statement had �identical � instead of �greater than or equal�. The proof of the modified statement is below (modification in bold). Proof. (ii) Let proj be the operation of projecting orthogonally onto the variables (x, y ?). It follows from the definitions of projection and convex hull that the operations of taking the projection and taking the convex hull commute. Therefore we have, for any split (?, ?0) on the x variables, proj conv(Q ?
Amitabh Basu; G�rard Cornu�jols; Fran�ois Margot
Photon Splitting and Pair Conversion in Strong Magnetic Fields
The magnetospheres of neutron stars provide a valuable testing ground for as-yet unverified theoretical predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong electromagnetic fields. Exhibiting magnetic field strengths well in excess of a TeraGauss, such compact astrophysical environments permit the action of exotic mechanisms that are forbidden by symmetries in field-free regions. Foremost among these processes are single-photon pair creation, where a photon converts to an electron-positron pair, and magnetic photon splitting, where a single photon divides into two of lesser energy via the coupling to the external field. The pair conversion process is exponentially small in weak fields, and provides the leading order contribution to vacuum polarization. In contrast, photon splitting possesses no energy threshold and can operate in kinematic regimes where the lower order pair conversion is energetically forbidden. This paper outlines some of the key physical aspects of these processes, and highlights their manifestation in neutron star magnetospheres. Anticipated observational signatures include profound absorption turnovers in pulsar spectra at gamma-ray wavelengths. The shapes of these turnovers provide diagnostics on the possible action of pair creation and the geometrical locale of the photon emission region. There is real potential for the first confirmation of strong field QED with the new GLAST mission, to be launched by NASA in 2008. Suppression of pair creation by photon splitting and its implications for pulsars is also discussed.
Matthew G. Baring
Nanoscale Strontium Titanate Photocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
SrTiO3 (STO) is a large band gap (3.2 eV) semiconductor that catalyzes the overall water splitting reaction under UV light irradiation in the presence of a NiO cocatalyst. As we show here, the reactivity persists in nanoscale particles of the material, although the process is less effective at the nanoscale. To reach these conclusions, Bulk STO, 30 � 5 nm STO, and 6.5 � 1 nm STO were synthesized by three different methods, their crystal structures verified with XRD and their morphology observed with HRTEM before and after NiO deposition. In connection with NiO, all samples split water into stoichiometric mixtures of H2 and O2, but the activity is decreasing from 28 ?mol H2 g�1 h�1 (bulk STO), to 19.4 ?mol H2 g�1 h�1 (30 nm STO), and 3.0 ?mol H2 g�1 h�1 (6.5 nm STO). The reasons for this decrease are an increase of the water oxidation overpotential for the smaller particles and reduced light absorption due to a quantum size effect. Overall, these findings establish the first nanoscale titanate photocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Townsend, Troy K.; Browning, Nigel D.; Osterloh, Frank
Preconceptual design of a salt splitting process using ceramic membranes
Inorganic ceramic membranes for salt splitting of radioactively contaminated sodium salt solutions are being developed for treating U. S. Department of Energy tank wastes. The process consists of electrochemical separation of sodium ions from the salt solution using sodium (Na) Super Ion Conductors (NaSICON) membranes. The primary NaSICON compositions being investigated are based on rare- earth ions (RE-NaSICON). Potential applications include: caustic recycling for sludge leaching, regenerating ion exchange resins, inhibiting corrosion in carbon-steel tanks, or retrieving tank wastes; reducing the volume of low-level wastes volume to be disposed of; adjusting pH and reducing competing cations to enhance cesium ion exchange processes; reducing sodium in high-level-waste sludges; and removing sodium from acidic wastes to facilitate calcining. These applications encompass wastes stored at the Hanford, Savannah River, and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory sites. The overall project objective is to supply a salt splitting process unit that impacts the waste treatment and disposal flowsheets and meets user requirements. The potential flowsheet impacts include improving the efficiency of the waste pretreatment processes, reducing volume, and increasing the quality of the final waste disposal forms. Meeting user requirements implies developing the technology to the point where it is available as standard equipment with predictable and reliable performance. This report presents two preconceptual designs for a full-scale salt splitting process based on the RE-NaSICON membranes to distinguish critical items for testing and to provide a vision that site users can evaluate.
Kurath, D.E.; Brooks, K.P.; Hollenberg, G.W.; Clemmer, R. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Balagopal, S.; Landro, T.; Sutija, D.P. [Ceramatec, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Processed Splitting Algorithms for Rigid-Body Molecular Dynamics Simulations
A new approach for integration of motion in many-body systems of interacting polyatomic molecules is proposed. It is based on splitting time propagation of pseudo-variables in a modified phase space, while the real translational and orientational coordinates are decoded by processing transformations. This allows to overcome the barrier on the order of precision of the integration at a given number of force-torque evaluations per time step. Testing in dynamics of water versus previous methods shows that the obtained algorithms significantly improve the accuracy of the simulations without extra computational costs.
Igor P. Omelyan
Number fluctuations of cold, spatially split bosonic objects
We investigate the number fluctuations of spatially split many-boson systems employing a theorem about the maximally and minimally attainable variances of an observable. The number fluctuations of many-boson systems are given for different numbers of lattice sites and both mean-field and many-body wave functions. It is shown which states maximize the particle number fluctuations, both in lattices and double wells. The fragmentation of the states is discussed, and it is shown that the number fluctuations of some fragmented states are identical to those of fully condensed states.
Sakmann, Kaspar; Streltsov, Alexej I.; Cederbaum, Lorenz S. [Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitaet Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Alon, Ofir E. [Department of Physics, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon 36006 (Israel)
Metal Ferrite Spinels for Solar-thermal Water Splitting REDOX Cycles
Presentation Title, Metal Ferrite Spinels for Solar-thermal Water Splitting REDOX Cycles. Author(s), Alan Weimer. On-Site Speaker (Planned), Alan Weimer.
Charm annihilation effects on the hyperfine splitting in charmonium
In calculations of the hyperfine splitting in charmonium, the contributions of the disconnected diagrams are considered small and are typically ignored. We aim to estimate nonperturbatively the size of the resulting correction, which may eventually be needed in high precision calculations of the charmonium spectrum. We study this problem in the quenched and unquenched QCD cases. On dynamical ensembles the disconnected charmonium propagators contain light modes which complicate the extraction of the signal at large distances. In the fully quenched case, where there are no such light modes, the interpretation of the signal is simplified. We present results from lattices with a{approx_equal}0.09 fm and a{approx_equal}0.06 fm.
Levkova, L.; DeTar, C. [Physics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (United States)
Interaction between graphene and metamaterials: split rings vs. wire pairs
We have recently shown that graphene is unsuitable to replace metals in the current-carrying elements of metamaterials. At the other hand, experiments have demonstrated that a layer of graphene can modify the optical response of a metal-based metamaterial. Here we study this electromagnetic interaction between metamaterials and graphene. We show that the weak optical response of graphene can be modified dramatically by coupling to the strong resonant fields in metallic structures. A crucial element determining the interaction strength is the orientation of the resonant fields. If the resonant electric field is predominantly parallel to the graphene sheet (e.g., in a complementary split-ring metamaterial), the metamaterial�s resonance can be strongly damped. If the resonant field is predominantly perpendicular to the graphene sheet (e.g., in a wire-pair metamaterial), no significant interaction exists.
Zou, Yanhong; Tassin, Philippe; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas
Model adaptation by state splitting of HMM for long reverberation
In environment with considerably long reverberation time, each frame of speech is affected by reflected energy components from the preceding frames. Therefore to adapt model parameters of a state, it becomes necessary to consider these frames, and compute their contributions to current state. However, these clean speech frames preceding to a state of HMM are not known during adaptation of the models. This paper describes a method to estimate the preceding frames for a state in HMM, by splitting the state into a number of substates. The estimated sequence of frames can then be used to find reflected energy component for the state and compensate its parameters. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed by the experimental results on an isolated-word recognition task. 1.
Ra Kant Raut; Takuya Nishimoto; Shigeki Sagayama
About 3 billion years ago Nature invented a catalyst that splits water with highefficiency into molecular oxygen and hydrogen equivalents (protons and electrons). This reaction is energetically driven by sun light and the active centre contains relatively cheap and abundant metals: manganese and calcium. This biological system therefore forms the paradigm for all man made attempts for direct solar fuel production and several studies are underway to determine the electronic and geometric structures of this catalyst. In this report we briefly summarize the problems and the current status of these efforts, and propose a DFT-based strategy for obtaining a reliable high resolution structure of this unique catalyst that includes both the inorganic core and the first ligand sphere.
Messinger, Johannes; Yano, Junko
Gravity Effects on Neutrino Masses in Split Supersymmetry
The mass differences and mixing angles of neutrinos can neither be explained by R-Parity violating split supersymmetry nor by flavor blind quantum gravity alone. It is shown that combining both effects leads, within the allowed parameter range, to good agreement with the experimental results. The atmospheric mass is generated by supersymmetry through mixing between neutrinos and neutralinos, while the solar mass is generated by gravity through flavor blind dimension five operators. Maximal atmospheric mixing forces the tangent squared of the solar angle to be equal to 1/2. The scale of the quantum gravity operator is predicted within a 5% error, implying that the reduced Planck scale should lie around the GUT scale. In this way, the model is very predictive and can be tested at future experiments.
Marco Aurelio Diaz; Benjamin Koch; Boris Panes
A Parallel Scheme of the Split-Step Fourier Transform Method for Solving Parabolic Wave Equation
The split-step Fourier transform method for solving the parabolic wave equation is briefly introduced in this paper. To achieve the acceleration of the calculation process, a parallel scheme based on matrix transpose is proposed. Due to some ingenious ... Keywords: Parabolic Wave Equation, Split-Step Fourier Transform Method, Parallel Computing
Liu Shuai; Li Zhi
Real-Time Detection of Split Fronts Using Mesoscale Models and WSR-88D Radar Products
A structured methodology for detecting the presence of split cold fronts in an operational forecast environment is developed and applied to a case in which a split front passed over a region of cold air damming in the southeastern United States. ...
Steven E. Koch
Valley splitting theory of SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells Mark Friesen,1,
Valley splitting theory of SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells Mark Friesen,1, * Sucismita Chutia,1 Charles an effective mass theory for SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells, with an emphasis on calculating the valley splitting. The theory introduces a valley coupling parameter vv which encapsulates the physics of the quantum well
New families of symplectic splitting methods for numerical integration in dynamical astronomy
We present new splitting methods designed for the numerical integration of near-integrable Hamiltonian systems, and in particular for planetary N-body problems, when one is interested in very accurate results over a large time span. We derive in a systematic ... Keywords: N-body problems, Near-integrable systems, Splitting methods, Symplectic integrators
S. Blanes; F. Casas; A. Farr�S; J. Laskar; J. Makazaga; A. Murua
Computation of the split factor of earth fault currents by considering the proximity effects
To determine a safe substation grounding grid in power systems, it is important to compute the split factor for earth fault current including the proximity influences among the grid and the earthing systems of the incoming/outgoing transmission lines' ... Keywords: earth fault currents, grounding grid design, proximity effects, split factor, touch and step voltages
N. Ramezani; S. M. Shahrtash
Split Two-Higgs-Doublet Model and Neutrino Condensation
We split the two-Higgs-doublet model by assuming very different vevs for the two doublets: the vev is at weak scale (174 GeV) for the doublet \\Phi_1 and at neutrino-mass scale (10^{-2} \\sim 10^{-3} eV) for the doublet \\Phi_2. \\Phi_1 is responsible for giving masses to all fermions except neutrinos; while \\Phi_2 is responsible for giving neutrino masses through its tiny vev without introducing see-saw mechanism. Among the predicted five physical scalars H, h, A^0 and H^{\\pm}, the CP-even scalar h is as light as 10^{-2} \\sim 10^{-3}eV while others are at weak scale. We identify h as the cosmic dark energy field and the other CP-even scalar H as the Standard Model Higgs boson; while the CP-odd A^0 and the charged H^{\\pm} are the exotic scalars to be discovered at future colliders. Also we demonstrate a possible dynamical origin for the doublet \\Phi_2 from neutrino condensation caused by some unknown dynamics.
Fei Wang; Wenyu Wang; Jin Min Yang
Split kinetic energy method for quantum systems with competing potentials
For quantum systems with competing potentials, the conventional perturbation theory often yields an asymptotic series and the subsequent numerical outcome becomes uncertain. To tackle such a kind of problems, we develop a general solution scheme based on a new energy dissection idea. Instead of dividing the potential energy into 'unperturbed' and 'perturbed' terms, a partition of the kinetic energy is performed. By distributing the kinetic energy term in part into each individual potential, the Hamiltonian can be expressed as the sum of the subsystem Hamiltonians with respective competing potentials. The total wavefunction is expanded by using a linear combination of the basis sets of respective subsystem Hamiltonians. We first illustrate the solution procedure using a simple system consisting of a particle under the action of double {delta}-function potentials. Next, this method is applied to the prototype systems of a charged harmonic oscillator in strong magnetic field and the hydrogen molecule ion. Compared with the usual perturbation approach, this new scheme converges much faster to the exact solutions for both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. When properly extended, this new solution scheme can be very useful for dealing with strongly coupling quantum systems. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new basis set expansion method is proposed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Split kinetic energy method is proposed to solve quantum eigenvalue problems. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Significant improvement has been obtained in converging to exact results. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Extension of such methods is promising and discussed.
Mineo, H.; Chao, Sheng D., E-mail: email@example.com
Photon and Axion Splitting in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field
The axion photon system in an external magnetic field, when the direction of propagation of axions and photons is orthogonal to the direction of the external magnetic field, displays a continuous axion-photon duality symmetry in the limit the axion mass is neglected. The conservation law that follow in this effective 2+1 dimensional theory from this symmetry is obtained. The magnetic field interaction is seen to be equivalent to first order to the interaction of a complex charged field with an external electric potential, where this ficticious "electric potential" is proportional to the external magnetic field. This allows one to solve for the scattering amplitudes using already known scalar QED results. From the scalar QED analog the axion and the photon are symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of particle and antiparticle. If one considers therefore scattering experiments in which the two spatial dimensions of the effective theory are involved non trivially, one observes that both particle and antiparticle components of photons and axions are preferentially scattered in different directions, thus producing the splitting or decomposition of the photon and axion into their particle and antiparticle components in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This observable in principle effect is of first order in the axion photon coupling, unlike the "light shining through a wall phenomena ", which is second order.
E. I. Guendelman
Measurement of sound speed vs. depth in South Pole ice: pressure waves and shear waves
was deployed on a steel-armored, four-conductor cable, whichsignal was routed over the armored cable to the pinger where
Klein, Spencer
Fast Stacking and Phase Corrections of Shear Wave Signals in a Noisy Environment
AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING � ASCE / AUGUST 2008 / 1165under Cyclic Conditions, ASCE, Reston Va. , 186�196. Fu,ENGINEERING � ASCE / AUGUST 2008 Santamarina, J. C. , and
Brandenberg, Scott J; Kutter, Bruce L; Wilson, Daniel W
A study of obliquely propagating longitudinal shear waves in a periodic laminate
The basic purpose of this work is to demonstrate, by quite simple and explicit calculation, the possibility that a simple laminate composed of ordinary materials can display the kind of response associated with a "metamaterial". Specifically, a wave of Floquet--Bloch type is analyzed, taking careful account of the requirements of causality and passivity. Then, the generation of such a wave by transmission, from ordinary homogeneous material, into a half-space composed of the laminate is considered. As is well-known for any dispersive material, phase velocity is distinct from group velocity, and information is carried by the latter. Thus, in line with the discussion of photonic crystals by Notomi [1], refraction is considered in terms of the group velocity. Negative refraction appears never to occur, if the interface between ordinary material and composite is parallel to the interfaces in the composite but negative refraction is possible, over an appreciable frequency range, if the interface between ordinary material and composite is orthogonal to the interface in the composite.
John Willis
Research on the Role of Control Hole in Deep-hole Pre-splitting Blasting in Outburst Coal Seams
Mechanical analysis model of blasting and controlling holes was set up combined with a gas outburst mine deep hole pre split blasting test, and the necessity of setting control hole in deep hole pre splitting blasting was analyzed. The theoretical calculation ... Keywords: outburst coal seams, deep-hole pre-splitting blasting, control hole, hole spacing
Gong Min; Liu You-ping
A note on the modified Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting methods for non-Hermitian positive definite linear systems
Comparing the lopsided Hermitian/skew-Hermitian splitting (LHSS) method and Hermitian/skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) method, a new criterion for choosing the above two methods is presented, which is better than that of Li, Huang and Liu [Modified Hermitian ... Keywords: Hermitian matrix, iteration, non-Hermitian matrix, skew-Hermitian matrix, splitting
Shi-Liang Wu; Ting-Zhu Huang
Stratospheric Sudden Warmings as Self-Tuning Resonances. Part I: Vortex Splitting Events
The fundamental dynamics of �vortex splitting� stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), which are known to be predominantly barotropic in nature, are reexamined using an idealized single-layer f-plane model of the polar vortex. The aim is to ...
N. Joss Matthewman; J. G. Esler
Zeeman splitting of photonic angular momentum states in a gyromagnetic cylinder
We show that, under the presence of a static magnetic field, the photon eigenfrequencies of a circular gyromagnetic cylinder experience a splitting that is proportional to the angular momentum density of light at the ...
Dong, Hui Yuan
Equivalence of Fluctuation Splitting and Finite Volume for One-Dimensional Gas Dynamics
The equivalence of the discretized equations resulting from both fluctuation splitting and finite volume schemes is demonstrated in one dimension. Scalar equations are considered for advection, diffusion, and combined advection/diffusion. Analysis of ...
Wood William A.
First principles high throughput screening of oxynitrides for water-splitting photocatalysts
In this paper, we present a first principles high throughput screening system to search for new water-splitting photocatalysts. We use the approach to screen through nitrides and oxynitrides. Most of the known photocatalytic ...
Wu, Yabi
Evolution and Morphology of Two Splitting Thunderstorms with Dominant Left-Moving Members
During the late afternoon and early evening of 27 June 1989. Three splitting thunderstorms formed over Standing Rock Indian Reservation in the southern portion of the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project area. The first two storms are the subject of ...
Rodger A. Brown; Rebecca J. Meit�n
Evidence against an Antarctic Stratospheric Vortex Split during the Periods of Pre-IGY Temperature Measurements
Historic upper-air observations from Antarctica are inspected to investigate the uniqueness of the vortex split in the Antarctic spring of 2002. No comprehensive meteorological observations are available prior to the International Geophysical ...
Barbara Naujokat; Howard K. Roscoe
Visible-Light Water-Splitting Performance of TiO - Programmaster.org
Presentation Title, Visible-Light Water-Splitting Performance of TiO2 ... Ammonia Borane for Chemical Hydrogen Storage: Effect of Nano-Confinement ... Thermodynamic Characterization on Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Reactions of�...
Low-Level Water Vapor Fields from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) �Split Window� Channels
A simple physical algorithm is developed which calculates the water vapor content of the lower troposphere from the 11 and 12 ?m (split window) channels on the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental ...
Dennis Chesters; Louis W. Uccellini; Wayne D. Robinson
A Technique for Deriving Column-integrated Water Content Using VAS Split-Window Data
An algorithm is examined that uses Visible?Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 11- and 12-�m (split-window) data to derive column-integrated water content (IWC) at mesoscale resolution. The algorithm is physically ...
Anthony R. Guillory; Gary J. Jedlovec; Henry E. Fuelberg
Retrieval of Precipitable Water from Observations in the Split Window over Varying Surface Temperatures
The split window technique makes use of two differentially absorbing channels in the 11 ?m region to remove the attenuating effects of atmospheric absorption so as to achieve a better estimate of the underlying skin temperature than could be ...
Thomas J. Kleespies; Larry M. McMillin
Retrieval of Geophysical Parameters from GOES: Evaluation of a Split-Window Technique
The performance of a physical split-window retrieval algorithm used to retrieve skin temperature (ST) and precipitable water (PW) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites� (GOES) infrared measurements is evaluated. The evaluation ...
Ronnie J. Suggs; Gary J. Jedlovec; Anthony R. Guillory
An efficient matrix splitting method for the second-order cone ...
May 16, 2012 ... An efficient matrix splitting method for the second-order cone ... $O(n^2)$ flops; moreover, the algorithm does not destroy the sparse structure of�...
A Split Explicit Reformulation of the Regional Numerical Weather Prediction Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency
The split explicit integration scheme for numerical weather prediction models is employed in a version of the regional numerical weather prediction model of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed in ...
Dean G. Duffy
Natural Doublet-Triplet Splitting in SU(N)X U(1)
It is shown that natural doublet-triplet splitting can be achieved in a relatively simple way in supersymmetric SU(N)X U(1) models with N>5.
S. M. Barr
High strain rate mechanical characterization of trabecular bone utilizing the split-Hopkinson pressure bar technique
The split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique has been in use in one form or another for more than fifty years and has recently gained a great deal of attention for its ability to characterize materials such as metals, ...
Johnson, Timothy Paul Mahal
The Splitting of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere, September 2002: Dynamical Evolution
The polar vortex of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) split dramatically during September 2002. The large-scale dynamical effects were manifest throughout the stratosphere and upper troposphere, corresponding to two distinct cyclonic centers in the ...
Andrew J. Charlton; Alan O�Neill; William A. Lahoz; Paul Berrisford
The Multiple-Sets Split Feasibility Problem and Its Applications for ...
Oct 6, 2005 ... the inverse problem of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment ..... and test experimentally in [14] a unified theory that enables treatment of .... for the linear split feasibility problems, Technical Report, September.
A Soft X-ray Split and Delay System for LCLS | Stanford Synchrotron...
Room 108A Brendan Murphy, LCLS In this talk I will describe the development and commissioning of the x-ray split and delay (XRSD) system at LCLS. The XRSD is a two-mirror delay...
The Stability of Time-Split Numerical Methods for the Hydrostatic and the Nonhydrostatic Elastic Equations
The mathematical equivalence of the linearized two-dimensional (2D) shallow-water system and the 2D acoustic-advection system strongly suggests that time-split schemes designed for the hydrostatic equations can be employed in nonhydrostatic ...
William C. Skamarock; Joseph B. Klemp
Exciton fine-structure splitting of telecom wavelength single quantum dots: statistics and external strain tuning
In a charge tunable device, we investigate the fine structure splitting of neutral excitons in single long-wavelength (1.1\\mu m response of the splitting to the external strain, including positive and negative tuning slopes, different tuning ranges, and linear and parabolic dependencies, indicating that these physical parameters depend strongly on the unique microscopic structure of the individual quantum dot. To better understand the experimental results, we apply a phenomenological model describing the exciton polarization and fine-structure splitting under uniaxial strain. The model predicts that, with an increased experimental strain tuning range, the fine-structure can be effectively canceled for select telecom wavelength dots using uniaxial strain. These results are promising for the generation of on-demand entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths.
Luca Sapienza; Ralph N. E. Malein; Christopher E. Kuklewicz; Peter E. Kremer; Kartik Srinivasan; Andrew Griffiths; Edmund Clarke; Ming Gong; Richard J. Warburton; Brian D. Gerardot
The splitted laser beam filamentation in interaction of laser and an exponential decay inhomogeneous underdense plasma
The splitted beam filamentation in interaction of laser and an exponential decay inhomogeneous underdense plasma is investigated. Based on Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation and paraxial/nonparaxial ray theory, simulation results show that the steady beam width and single beam filamentation along the propagation distance in paraxial case is due to the influence of ponderomotive nonlinearity. In nonparaxial case, the influence of the off-axial of {alpha}{sub 00} and {alpha}{sub 02} (the departure of the beam from the Gaussian nature) and S{sub 02} (the departure from the spherical nature) results in more complicated ponderomotive nonlinearity and changing of the channel density and refractive index, which led to the formation of two/three splitted beam filamentation and the self-distortion of beam width. In addition, influence of several parameters on two/three splitted beam filamentation is discussed.
Xia Xiongping; Yi Lin [Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China); Xu Bin [Department of Mathematics and Information Sciences, North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 450011 (China); Lu Jianduo [Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China); Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081 (China)
Ab initio calculation of valley splitting in monolayer ?-doped phosphorus in silicon
The differences in energy between electronic bands due to valley splitting are of paramount importance in interpreting transport spectroscopy experiments on state-of-the-art quantum devices defined by scanning tunneling microscope lithography. We develop a plane-wave density functional theory description of these systems which is size-limited due to computational tractability. We then develop a less resource-intensive alternative via localized basis functions, retaining the physics of the plane-wave description, and extend this model beyond the capability of plane-wave methods to determine the ab initio valley splitting of well-isolated \\delta-layers. In obtaining agreement between plane-wave and delocalized methods, we show that the valley splitting has been overestimated in previous ab initio calculations by more than 50%.
Daniel W. Drumm; Akin Budi; Manolo C. Per; Salvy P. Russo; Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg
The Structure and Function Photosystem II: The Water-Splitting Enzyme of Photosynthesis
Barber's research aims to mimic one step in photosynthesis to produce hydrogen as a fuel. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to split water and combine its hydrogen with carbon dioxide to form organic matter and oxygen. Barber and colleagues from Imperial College used a technique called x-ray crystallography to illuminate the mechanism that underpins the photosynthetic water-splitting reaction. By analyzing these findings, the researchers believe it may be possible to learn how to recreate the process on an industrial scale, allowing hydrogen to be manufactured as a fuel. 'Hydrogen derived from the water-splitting in plants could be one of the most promising energy sources of the future,' Barber said. 'Unlike fossil fuels, it's highly efficient, low polluting and is mobile so it can be used for power generation in remote regions where it's difficult to access electricity.'
Barber, James (Ernst Chain Professor of Biochemistry at Imperial College, London)
Controlled Manipulation of Mode Splitting in an Optical Microcavity by Two Rayleigh Scatterers
We report controlled manipulation of mode splitting in an optical microresonator coupled to two nanoprobes. It is demonstrated that, by controlling the positions of the nanoprobes, the split modes can be tuned simultaneously or individually and experience crossing or anti-crossing in frequency and linewidth. A tunable transition between standing wave mode and travelling wave mode is also observed. Underlying physics is discussed by developing a two-scatterer model which can be extended to multiple scatterers. Observed rich dynamics and tunability of split modes in a single microresonator will find immediate applications in optical sensing, opto-mechanics, filters and will provide a platform to study strong light-matter interactions in two-mode cavities.
Jiangang Zhu; Sahin Kaya Ozdemir; Lina He; Lan Yang
A general thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production based on thermal water splitting processes is presented. Results of the analysis show that the overall efficiency of any thermal water splitting process operating between two temperature limits is proportional to the Carnot efficiency. Implications of thermodynamic efficiency limits and the impacts of loss mechanisms and operating conditions are discussed as they pertain specifically to hydrogen production based on high-temperature electrolysis. Overall system performance predictions are also presented for high-temperature electrolysis plants powered by three different advanced nuclear reactor types, over their respective operating temperature ranges.
J. E. O'Brien
Design of GA thermochemical water-splitting process for the Mirror Advanced Reactor System
GA interfaced the sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle to the Mirror Advanced Reactor System (MARS). The results of this effort follow as one section and part of a second section to be included in the MARS final report. This section describes the process and its interface to the reactor. The capital and operating costs for the hydrogen plant are described.
Brown, L.C.
On the Separation of Split Inequalities for Non-Convex Quadratic ...
non-standard split inequalities, which we examine in the case of ternary variables . ... Hence, one way to reformulate Problem (1) is as follows: min ..... 1 (right). Proof. By Lemma 1 it suffices to show that ?(0) is an extreme point of SCn. Let.
Operator splitting implicit integration factor methods for stiff reaction-diffusion-advection systems
For reaction-diffusion-advection equations, the stiffness from the reaction and diffusion terms often requires very restricted time step size, while the nonlinear advection term may lead to a sharp gradient in localized spatial regions. It is challenging ... Keywords: Compact implicit integration factor methods, Implicit integration factor methods, Operator splitting, Reaction-diffusion-advection equations, Weighted essentially non-oscillatory methods
Su Zhao; Jeremy Ovadia; Xinfeng Liu; Yong-Tao Zhang; Qing Nie
Ozone Forecasts of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex�Splitting Event in September 2002
The Southern Hemisphere major warming event in September 2002 has led to a breakup of the vortex in the middle and higher stratosphere and to a corresponding splitting of the ozone hole. Daily 3D ozone forecasts, produced at the Royal Netherlands ...
Henk Eskes; Arjo Segers; Peter van Velthoven
PIEZOELECTRIC LEVEL SPLITTING IN GaInN/GaN QUANTUM WELLS
PIEZOELECTRIC LEVEL SPLITTING IN GaInN/GaN QUANTUM WELLS C. Wetzel, T. Takeuchi, H. Amano, and IInN/GaN multiple quantum well samples in a large set of variable composition a clear correspondence of transitions in photo- and electroreflection, as well as photoluminescence is found. The effective band offset across
Wetzel, Christian M.
Population-split genetic algorithm for retrieval of ultrafast laser parameters
Authors modify the traditional or standard genetic algorithm by splitting the initial population. This crucial step is an imitation of sexual and asexual reproduction mechanism in the life cycle of many plants or animals. Asexual reproduction shall happen ... Keywords: frequency resolved optical gating, genetic algorithm, pulse retrieving, ultrafast lasers
S. F. Shu; C. L. Pan; C. T. Sun
A Consistent Time-Split Numerical Scheme Applied to the Nonhydrostatic Compressible Equations
The primary interest of the paper is to apply a two-time-level split explicit time scheme developed by one of the authors to the Lokal-Modell (LM) of the German Weather Service (DWD). This model belongs to the operational NWP system at DWD, which ...
Almut Gassmann; Hans-Joachim Herzog
On adaptively learning HMM-based classifiers using split-merge operations
In designing classifiers for automatic speech recognitions, one of the problems the user faces is to cope with an unwanted variability in the environment such as changes in the speaker or the acoustics. To overcome this problem, various adaptation schemes ... Keywords: Baum-Welch (BW) algorithm, automatic speech recognitions (ASR), hidden Markov models (HMM), splitting - merging techniques
Sang-Woon Kim; Soo-Hwan Oh
Second-order splitting schemes for a class of reactive systems
We consider the numerical time integration of a class of reaction-transport systems that are described by a set of ordinary differential equations for primary variables. In the governing equations, the terms involved may require the knowledge of secondary ... Keywords: 65L05, 80A32, Continuously stirred tank reactor, Operator splitting, Reaction-transport systems, Reduced description of reactive flows
Zhuyin Ren; Stephen B. Pope
Cost optimization of a hybrid composite flywheel rotor with a split-type hub using combined analytical/numerical models
A procedure to find the optimal design of a flywheel with a split-type hub is presented. Since cost plays a decisive role in stationary flywheel energy storage applications, a trade-off between energy and cost is required. Applying a scaling technique, ... Keywords: Cost optimization, Flywheel energy storage, Flywheel rotors, Multifidelity optimization, Split-type hub, Surrogate-based optimization
Malte Krack; Marc Secanell; Pierre Mertiny
Explicit-implicit difference scheme for the joint solution of the radiative transfer and energy equations by the splitting method
High-order accurate explicit and implicit conservative predictor-corrector schemes are presented for the radiative transfer and energy equations in the multigroup kinetic approximation solved together by applying the splitting method with respect to ... Keywords: difference splitting schemes, radiative transfer equations
N. Ya. Moiseev
Distributed Reforming of Renewable Liquids via Water Splitting using Oxygen Transport Membrane (OTM) (Presentation)
Reforming of Renewable Reforming of Renewable Liquids via Water Splitting using Oxygen Transport Membrane (OTM) * U. (Balu) Balachandran, T. H. Lee, C. Y. Park, and S. E. Dorris Energy Systems Division E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com * Work supported by the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program of DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Presented at the Bio-derived Liquids Working Group (BILIWG) Meeting, Nov. 6, 2007. BILIWG Meeting, Nov. 6, 2007 2 Objective & Rationale Objective: Develop compact dense ceramic membrane reactors that enable the efficient and cost-effective production of hydrogen by reforming renewable liquid fuels using pure oxygen produced by water splitting and transported by an OTM. Rationale: Membrane technology provides the means to attack barriers to the
Split-estate negotiations: the case of coal-bed methane
Coal-bed methane is an emerging contributor to the US energy supply. Split estates, where landowners control the surface and the energy companies lease the rights to the underground gas from the federal government, often impede successful negotiations for methane extraction. We provide an extensive form representation of the dynamic game of the negotiation process for subsurface access. We then solve for a set of Nash equilibrium outcomes associated with the split estate negotiations. By examining the optimal offers we can identify methods to improve the likelihood of negotiations that do not break down and result in the gas developer resorting to the use of a bond. We examine how changes in transaction costs or entitlements will affect the outcomes, and support our finds with anecdotal evidence from actual negotiations for coal-bed methane access. 55 refs.
Hayley H. Chouinard; Christina Steinhoff [Washington State University, WA (United States)
Titanium and Magnesium Co-Alloyed Hematite Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Using a combination of density functional theory calculation and materials synthesis and characterization we examine the properties of charge-compensated Ti and Mg co-alloyed hematite thin films for the application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. We find that the charge-compensated co-alloying results in the following effects: (1) It enhances the solubility of Mg and Ti, which leads to reduced electron effective mass and therefore increased electron mobility; (2) It tunes the carrier density and therefore allows the optimization of electrical conductivity; and (3) It reduces the density of charged defects and therefore reduces carrier recombination. As a result, the Ti and Mg co-alloyed hematite thin films exhibit improved water oxidation photocurrent magnitudes as compared to pure hematite thin films. Our results suggest that charge-compensated co-alloying is a plausible approach for engineering hematite for the application of PEC water splitting.
Tang, H.; Yin, W. J.; Matin, M. A.; Wang, H.; Deutsch, T.; Al-Jassim, M. M.; Turner, J. A.; Yan, Y.
Effects of tensor interaction on pseudospin energy splitting and shell correction
In the framework of a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach combined with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) method, the role of the tensor force on the pseudospin energy splitting for tin isotope chain is investigated. The tensor force turns out to obviously affect the pseudospin energy splitting of the spin-unsaturated nuclei. Since the tensor force shifts the single-particle levels, it modifies the single-particle level density and the shell correction energy thereof. The influence of the tensor interaction on shell correction energy is considerable according to our analysis taking a magic nucleus {sup 132}Sn as well as a superheavy nucleus {sup 298}114 as examples. This modification of the shell correction energy due to the tensor component affects the stability of the superheavy nuclei.
Dong, J. M. [Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275 (10), Beijing 102413 (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Zuo, W. [Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Gu, J. Z. [China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413 (China); Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Wang, Y. Z.; Zhang, X. Z. [China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413 (China); Cao, L. G. [Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
Method and device for generating microwaves using a split cavity modulator
This invention consists of a compact device called the split cavity modulator whose self-generated oscillating electromagnetic field converts a steady particle beam into a modulated particle beam. The particle beam experiences both signs of the oscillating electric field during the transit through the split cavity modulator. The modulated particle beam can then be used to generate microwaves as that frequency and through a series of sequential extractors, high efficiency extraction of microwave power is enabled. The modulated beam and the microwave frequency can be varied by the placement of resistive wires at nodes of oscillation within the cavity. The short beam travel length through the cavity permit higher currents because both space charge and pinching limitations are reduced. The need for an applied magnetic field to control the beam has been eliminated.
Clark, M.C.; Coleman, P.D.; Marder, B.M.
Method and split cavity oscillator/modulator to generate pulsed particle beams and electromagnetic fields
A compact device called the split cavity modulator whose self-generated oscillating electromagnetic field converts a steady particle beam into a modulated particle beam. The particle beam experiences both signs of the oscillating electric field during the transit through the split cavity modulator. The modulated particle beam can then be used to generate microwaves at that frequency and through the use of extractors, high efficiency extraction of microwave power is enabled. The modulated beam and the microwave frequency can be varied by the placement of resistive wires at nodes of oscillation within the cavity. The short beam travel length through the cavity permit higher currents because both space charge and pinching limitations are reduced. The need for an applied magnetic field to control the beam has been eliminated.
Clark, M. Collins (Albuquerque, NM); Coleman, P. Dale (Albuquerque, NM); Marder, Barry M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Ductless Heat Pumps "Mini-splits" in PNW Cold and Marine Climates
Pumps "mini-splits" in PNW Pumps "mini-splits" in PNW Cold and Marine Climates David Hales, Michael Lubliner, Luke Howard WSU Energy Program- Olympia, WA Presented at USDOE Building America Meeting Austin, TX - March 2012 Acknowledgments * USDOE BA-PIRC (Eric Martin) * Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (David Cohen) * Ecotope Inc. (David Baylon, Ben Larsen, Bob Davis) * The Heat Pump Store (Jeff Pratt) * Bonneville Power Administration (BPA/EPRI) * PNNL (Subrato Chandra) Overview of Presentation * NEEA/BPA funded research - Hales/Ecotope - Utility Billing Analysis - Field Monitoring - HVAC Lab Testing * WSU case study of deep energy retrofit w/DHP - Howard * BA/WSU case study of DHP in HUD-code retrofit - Lubliner
The HIGGS Boson Mass at 2 Loops in the Finely Tuned Split Supersymmetric Standard Model
The mass of the Higgs boson in the finely tuned Split Supersymmetric Standard Model is calculated. All 1 loop threshold effects are included, in addition to the full RG running of the Higgs quartic coupling through 2 loops. The 2 loop corrections are very small, typically less than 1GeV. The 1 loop threshold corrections to the top yukawa coupling and the Higgs mass generally push the Higgs mass down a few GeV.
Binger, M
Calculation of Radiative Corrections to Hyperfine Splitting in p1/2 States
Techniques to calculate one-loop radiative corrections to hyperfine splitting including binding corrections to all orders have been developed in the last decade for s states of atoms and ions. In this paper these methods are extended to p{sub 1/2} states for three cases. In the first case, the point-Coulomb 2p{sub 1/2} hyperfine splitting is treated for the hydrogen isoelectronic sequence, and the lowest order result, {alpha}/4{pi} E{sub F}, is shown to have large binding corrections at high Z. In the second case, neutral alkalis are considered. In the third case, hyperfine splitting of the 2p{sub 1/2} state of lithium-like bismuth is treated. In the latter two cases, correlation corrections are included and, in addition, the point is stressed that uncertainties associated with nuclear structure, which complicate comparison with experiment for s states, are considerably reduced because of the smaller overlap with the nucleus.
Sapirstein, J; Cheng, K T
Lateral Spectrum Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaics: Direct Measurement of Component and Submodule Efficiency
To achieve high energy conversion efficiency, a solar module architecture called lateral spectrum splitting concentrator photovoltaics (LSSCPV) is being developed. LSSCPV can concentrate available sunlight and laterally split a single beam into bands with different spectra for absorption by different solar cells with band gaps matched to the split spectrum. Test assemblies of a sample LSSCPV architecture were constructed, each of which contains four p-n junctions and two optical pieces. Independent experiments or simulations had been implemented on the components but by using optimal assumptions. In order to examine the actual performances of all the components, which are dependent on each other and the light source, direct outdoor measurements were made. A set of self-consistent efficiency definitions was articulated and a test bed was developed to measure the parameters required by the efficiency calculation. By comparing the component efficiency items derived from the outdoor measurement and the expected values based on independent simulations, the potential opportunities for efficiency improvement are determined. In the outdoor measurement at the University of Delaware, the optical component demonstrated 89.1% efficiency. Additional assemblies were tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. One assembly demonstrated 36.7% submodule efficiency, which compares favorably with the 32.6% previously reported verified submodule efficiency.
Xiaoting, W.; Waite, N.; Murcia, P.; Emery, K.; Steiner, M.; Kiamilev, F.; Goossen, K.; Honsberg, C.; Barnett, A.
Microearthquake surveys of Snake River plain and Northwest Basin...
(2) Areas (2) Regions (0) Abstract: applications; Basin and Range Province; Black Rock Desert; Cassia County Idaho; earthquakes; economic geology; exploration; fracture...
Microearthquake source mechanism studies at the Geysers geothermal field
In this paper the authors discuss moment tensors obtained from inversion of MEQ waveform data recorded at the Southeast (SE) and Northwest (NW) Geysers geothermal areas by the high-resolution seismic networks operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Coldwater Creek Geothermal Company (now CCPA). The network in the SE Geysers consists of 13 high-frequency (4.5 Hz), digital (480 samples), three-component, telemetered stations deployed on the surface in portions of the Calpine, Unocal-NEC-Thermal (U-N-T), and Northern California Power Agency (NCPA) leases. The network in the NW Geysers is a 16-station borehole array of three-component geophones (4.5 Hz), digital at 400 samples/sec, and telemetered to a central site. One of the main objectives of Berkeley Lab`s program at the Geysers is to assess the utility of MEQ monitoring as a reservoir management tool. Discrimination of the mechanisms of these events may aid in the interpretation of MEQ occurrence patterns and their significance to reservoir processes and conditions of interest to reservoir managers. Better understanding of the types of failure deduced from source mechanism studies, and their relations to production parameters, should also lead to a better understanding of the effects of injection and withdrawal.
Kirkpatrick, A.; Romero, A. Jr.; Peterson, J. Jr.; Johnson, L.; Majer, E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Earth Sciences Div.
Simultaneous Retrieval of Diurnal to Seasonal Surface Temperatures and Emissivities over SGP ARM�CART Site Using GOES Split Window
GOES-8 thermal infrared split window measurements have been used with a simultaneous land surface temperature (LST)�spectral emissivity retrieval algorithm to examine the potential of a combined retrieval methodology cast into a variational ...
David A. Faysash; Eric A. Smith
Impacts of urban transportation mode split on CO{sub 2} emissions in Jinan, China.
As the world's largest developing country, China currently is undergoing rapid urbanization and motorization, which will result in far-reaching impacts on energy and the environment. According to estimates, energy use and carbon emissions in the transportation sector will comprise roughly 30% of total emissions by 2030. Since the late 1990s, transportation-related issues such as energy, consumption, and carbon emissions have become a policy focus in China. To date, most research and policies have centered on vehicle technologies that promote vehicle efficiency and reduced emissions. Limited research exists on the control of greenhouse gases through mode shifts in urban transportation - in particular, through the promotion of public transit. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology to analyze carbon emissions from the urban transportation sector at the Chinese city level. By using Jinan, the capital of China's Shandong Province, as an example, we have developed an analytical model to simulate energy consumption and carbon emissions based on the number of trips, the transportation mode split, and the trip distance. This model has enabled us to assess the impacts of the transportation mode split on energy consumption and carbon emissions. Furthermore, this paper reviews a set of methods for data collection, estimation, and processing for situations where statistical data are scarce in China. This paper also describes the simulation of three transportation system development scenarios. The results of this study illustrate that if no policy intervention is implemented for the transportation mode split (the business-as-usual (BAU) case), then emissions from Chinese urban transportation systems will quadruple by 2030. However, a dense, mixed land-use pattern, as well as transportation policies that encourage public transportation, would result in the elimination of 1.93 million tons of carbon emissions - approximately 50% of the BAU scenario emissions.
He, D.; Meng, F.; Wang, M.; He, K. (Energy Systems); (Energy Foundation); (Tsinghua Univ.)
Size quantization in planar graphene-based heterostructures: Pseudospin splitting, interface states, and excitons
A planar quantum-well device made of a gapless graphene nanoribbon with edges in contact with gapped graphene sheets is examined. The size-quantization spectrum of charge carriers in an asymmetric quantum well is shown to exhibit a pseudospin splitting. Interface states of a new type arise from the crossing of dispersion curves of gapless and gapped graphene materials. The exciton spectrum is calculated for a planar graphene quantum well. The effect of an external electric field on the exciton spectrum is analyzed.
Ratnikov, P. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Silin, A. P. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute (Russian Federation)
Doped, porous iron oxide films and their optical functions and anodic photocurrents for solar water splitting
The fabrication and morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical characterization of doped iron oxide films is presented. The complex index of refraction and absorption coefficient of polycrystalline films are determined through measurement and modeling of spectral transmission and reflection data using appropriate dispersion relations. Photoelectrochemical characterization for water photo-oxidation reveals that the conversion efficiencies of electrodes are strongly influenced by substrate temperature during their oblique-angle physical vapor deposition. These results are discussed in terms of the films' morphological features and the known optoelectronic limitations of iron oxide films for application in solar water splitting devices.
Kronawitter, Coleman X.; Mao, Samuel S. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Antoun, Bonnie R. [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)
NREL Documents Efficiency of Mini-Split Heat Pumps (Fact Sheet)
A new report delivers mini-split heat pump (MSHP) performance data for use in whole-building simulation tools. Mini-split heat pumps (MSHPs) are highly efficient refrigerant-based air conditioning and heating systems that permit room-by-room conditioning and control in homes. Because of their size, efficiency, and price, MSHPs are very popular overseas and are gaining market share in energy-efficient home upgrades in the United States. They are a good option for retrofitting older homes that lack ductwork. To evaluate MSHP cost effectiveness and performance in U.S. homes, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers are studying these systems in the laboratory, simulated buildings, and field test settings. A new NREL report describes an innovative laboratory approach to testing MSHPs and includes experimental performance maps for use in whole-building simulation tools. Most public information on MSHP performance is provided by equipment manufacturers, and is typically limited to performance at a single operating speed for heating and cooling. Mini-split heat pumps use variable speed components that spin up and down to continuously meet the heating or cooling need, significantly improving a system's operating efficiency. Measuring that efficiency in a laboratory is challenging and required new approaches to performance testing. NREL researchers worked with colleagues at Purdue University's Herrick Labs and Ecotope, Inc. to refine and apply this new approach to a suite of MSHP products. Researchers measured the performance of two MSHPs across a variety of operating conditions, which allowed, for the first time, development of accurate building simulation MSHP models. In the laboratory tests, researchers found that both MSHPs achieved manufacturer-reported performance at rating conditions. However, at other temperature and humidity conditions, the heat pumps capacity ranged from 40% above to 54% below the manufacturer-reported values. Knowing how performance varies is critical in order to reasonably estimate annual energy consumption of a MSHP, and to compare MSHPs to other heating and cooling options. Mini-split heat pump efficiency (COP) was seen to significantly exceed rated efficiency at low compressor speeds-a very important effect.
Not Available
In-plane ultrasonic velocity measurement of longitudinal and shear waves in the machine direction with transducers in rotating wheels
An improved system for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic signals within the plane of moving web-like materials, such as paper, paperboard and the like. In addition to velocity measurements of ultrasonic signals in the plane of the web in the MD and CD, one embodiment of the system in accordance with the present invention is also adapted to provide on-line indication of the polar specific stiffness of the moving web. In another embodiment of the invention, the velocity of ultrasonic signals in the plane of the web are measured by way of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers carried by synchronously driven wheels or cylinders, thus eliminating undue transducer wear due to any speed differences between the transducers and the web. In order to provide relatively constant contact force between the transducers and the webs, the transducers are mounted in a sensor housings which include a spring for biasing the transducer radially outwardly. The sensor housings are adapted to be easily and conveniently mounted to the carrier to provide a relatively constant contact force between the transducers and the moving web.
Hall, Maclin S. (Marietta, GA); Jackson, Theodore G. (Atlanta, GA); Knerr, Christopher (Lawrenceville, GA)
An improved system for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic signals within the plane of moving web-like materials, such as paper, paperboard and the like. In addition to velocity measurements of ultrasonic signals in the plane of the web in the MD and CD, one embodiment of the system in accordance with the present invention is also adapted to provide on-line indication of the polar specific stiffness of the moving web. In another embodiment of the invention, the velocity of ultrasonic signals in the plane of the web are measured by way of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers carried by synchronously driven wheels or cylinders, thus eliminating undue transducer wear due to any speed differences between the transducers and the web. In order to provide relatively constant contact force between the transducers and the webs, the transducers are mounted in a sensor housings which include a spring for biasing the transducer radially outwardly. The sensor housings are adapted to be easily and conveniently mounted to the carrier to provide a relatively constant contact force between the transducers and the moving web. 37 figs.
Hall, M.S.; Jackson, T.G.; Knerr, C.
Constraining Proton Lifetime in SO(10) with Stabilized Doublet-Triplet Splitting
We present a class of realistic unified models based on supersymmetric SO(10) wherein issues related to natural doublet-triplet (DT) splitting are fully resolved. Using a minimal set of low dimensional Higgs fields which includes a single adjoint, we show that the Dimopoulos-Wilzcek mechanism for DT splitting can be made stable in the presence of all higher order operators without having pseudo-Goldstone bosons and flat directions. The {mu} term of order TeV is found to be naturally induced. A Z{sub 2}-assisted anomalous U(1){sub A} gauge symmetry plays a crucial role in achieving these results. The threshold corrections to {alpha}{sub 3}(M{sub Z}), somewhat surprisingly, are found to be controlled by only a few effective parameters. This leads to a very predictive scenario for proton decay. As a novel feature, we find an interesting correlation between the d = 6 (p {yields} e{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}) and d = 5 (p {yields} {bar {nu}}K{sup +}) decay amplitudes which allows us to derive a constrained upper limit on the inverse rate of the e{sup +}{pi}{sup 0} mode. Our results show that both modes should be observed with an improvement in the current sensitivity by about a factor of five to ten.
Babu, K.S.; /Oklahoma State U.; Pati, Jogesh C.; /SLAC; Tavartkiladze, Zurab; /Oklahoma State U. /Tbilisi, Inst. Phys.
Splitting vector bundles and A^1-fundamental groups of higher dimensional varieties.
We study aspects of the A^1-homotopy classification problem in dimensions >= 3 and, to this end, we investigate the problem of computing A^1-homotopy groups of some A^1-connected smooth varieties of dimension >=. Using these computations, we construct pairs of A^1-connected smooth proper varieties all of whose A^1-homotopy groups are abstractly isomorphic, yet which are not A^1-weakly equivalent. The examples come from pairs of Zariski locally trivial projective space bundles over projective spaces and are of the smallest possible dimension. Projectivizations of vector bundles give rise to A^1-fiber sequences, and when the base of the fibration is an A^1-connected smooth variety, the associated long exact sequence of A^1-homotopy groups can be analyzed in detail. In the case of the projectivization of a rank 2 vector bundle, the structure of the A^1-fundamental group depends on the splitting behavior of the vector bundle via a certain obstruction class. For projective bundles of vector bundles of rank >=, the A^1-fundamental group is insensitive to the splitting behavior of the vector bundle, but the structure of higher A^1-homotopy groups is influenced by an appropriately defined higher obstruction class.
Aravind Asok.
A Healthy Electron/Neutron EDM in D3/D7 mu-Split SUSY
Within the framework of N=1 gauged supergravity, using a phenomenological model which can be obtained locally as a Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau string-theoretic compactification with a mobile D3-brane localized on a nearly sLag three-cycle in the Calabi-Yau and fluxed stacks of wrapped D7-branes, and which provides a natural realization of mu-Split SUSY, we show that in addition to getting a significant value of electron/neutron EDM d_{e,n}/e at two-loop level, one can obtain a sizable contribution of d_{e,n}/e even at one-loop level. We obtain d_{e}/e ~ O(10^{-29}) cm from two-loop diagrams involving heavy sfermions and a light Higgs, and d_{e}/e ~ O(10^{-32}) cm from one-loop diagram involving heavy chargino and a light Higgs. Also, d_{n}/e ~ O(10^{-33}) cm from one-loop diagram involving SM-like quarks and Higgs. Next, by considering a Barr-Zee diagram involving W bosons and Higgs, and conjecturing that the CP-violating phase can appear from a linear combination of Higgs doublet obtained in the context of mu-split SUSY, we obtain d_{e,n}/e ~ O(10^{-27}) cm at two-loop level .
Mansi Dhuria; Aalok Misra
A new perspective on hydrogen production by photosynthetic water-splitting
Present energy systems are heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This will eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of fossil energy resources and, according to some reports, global climate changes due to the emission of carbon dioxide. In principle, hydrogen production by biophotolysis of water can be an ideal solar energy conversion system for sustainable development of human activities in harmony with the global environment. In photosynthetic hydrogen production research, there are currently two main efforts: (1) Direct photoevolution of hydrogen and oxygen by photosynthetic water splitting using the ferredoxin/hydrogenase pathway; (2) Dark hydrogen production by fermentation of organic reserves such as starch that are generated by photosynthesis during the light period. In this chapter, the advantages and challenges of the two approaches for hydrogen production will be discussed, in relation to a new opportunity brought by our recent discovery of a new photosynthetic water-splitting reaction which, potentially, has twice the energy efficiency of conventional watersplitting via the two light reaction Z-scheme of photosynthesis.
Lee, J.W.; Greenbaum, E.
Split stream boilers for high-temperature/high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles
Research and development work on high-temperature and high-pressure (up to 1,500 F TIT and 4,500 psia) topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI, and independent companies. Aeroderivative gas turbines and heavy-duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high-temperature and high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to the current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 percent combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).
Rice, I.G. [Rice (I.G.), Spring, TX (United States)
Magnetic thin-film split-domain current sensor-recorder
A sensor-recorder for recording a representation of the direction and peak amplitude of a transient current. A magnetic thin film is coated on a glass substrate under the influence of a magnetic field so that the finished film is magnetically uniaxial and anisotropic. The film is split into two oppositely magnetized contiguous domains with a central boundary by subjecting adjacent portions of the film simultaneously to magnetic fields that are opposed 180.degree.. With the split-domain sensor-recorder placed with the film plane and domain boundary either perpendicular or parallel to the expected conductive path of a transient current, the occurrence of the transient causes switching of a portion of one domain to the direction of the other domain. The amount of the switched domain portion is indicative of the amplitude of the peak current of the transient, while the particular domain that is switched is indicative of the direction of the current. The resulting domain patterns may be read with a passive magnetic tape viewer.
Hsieh, Edmund J. (Livermore, CA)
A tabu search algorithm for the split delivery vehicle routing problem
We consider the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP) where a fleet of homogeneous vehicles has to serve a set of customers. Each customer can be visited more than once, contrary to what is usually assumed in the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and the demand of each customer can be greater than the capacity of the vehicles. No constraint on the number of available vehicles is considered. There is a single depot for the vehicles and each vehicle has to start and end its tour at the depot. The objective is to find a set of vehicle routes that serve all the customers such that the sum of the quantity delivered in each tour does not exceed the capacity of the vehicles and the total distance travelled is minimized. The SDVRP has been introduced in the literature only few years ago by Dror and Trudeau (see [4] and [5]) who have considered the case where the demand of each customer is lower than the capacity of the vehicles. They have analyzed the savings generated by allowing split deliveries in a vehicle routing problem and they have presented a heuristic algorithm for the problem. They have also shown that when the distances satisfy the triangle inequality there exists an optimal solution for the SDVRP where no pair of tours have more than one customer in common. We study here the case where the capacity of the vehicles, as well as the demand of each
Claudia Archetti; Alain Hertz; M. Grazia Speranza
Laboratory Test Report for Fujitsu 12RLS and Mitsubishi FE12NA Mini-Split Heat Pumps
Mini-split heat pumps are being proposed as a new retrofit option to replace resistance heating in the Pacific Northwest. NREL has previously developed a field test protocol for mini-split systems to ensure consistent results from field tests. This report focuses on the development of detailed system performance maps for mini-split heat pumps so that the potential benefits of mini-split systems can be accurately analyzed for different climate regions and housing types. This report presents laboratory test results for two mini-split heat pumps. Steady-state heating and cooling performance for the Fujitsu 12RLS and Mitsubishi FE12NA was tested under a wide range of outdoor and indoor temperatures at various compressor and fan speeds. Cycling performance for each unit was also tested under both modes of operation. Both systems performed quite well under low loads and the experimental test data aligned with manufacturer reported values. Adequate datasets were attained to promote performance modeling of these two systems in the future.
Winkler, J.
Calculation of Radiative Corrections to Hyperfine Splitting in p3/2 States
A recent calculation of the one-loop radiative correction to hyperfine splitting (hfs) of p{sub 1/2} states that includes binding corrections to all orders is extended to p{sub 3/2} states. Nuclear structure plays an essentially negligible role for such states, which is highly advantageous, as difficulties in controlling the Bohr-Weisskopf effect complicate the isolation of QED contributions for both s{sub 1/2} and p{sub 1/2} states. Three cases are studied. We first treat the hydrogen isoelectronic sequence, which is completely nonperturbative in Z{alpha} for high Z. Secondly the lowest lying p{sub 3/2} states of the neutral alkalis are treated, and finally lithium-like bismuth, where extensive theoretical and experimental studies of the hfs of 2s and 2p{sub 1/2} states have been made, is addressed.
High Efficiency Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy: Laboratory Demonstration of S-I Water-Splitting
The objective of the French CEA, US-DOE INERI project is to perform a lab scale demonstration of the sulfur iodine (S-I) water splitting cycle, and assess the potential of this cycle for application to nuclear hydrogen production. The project will design, construct and test the three major component reaction sections that make up the S-I cycle. The CEA will design and test the prime (Bunsen) reaction section. General Atomics will develop and test the HI decomposition section, and SNL will develop and test the H2SO4 decomposition section. Activities for this period included initial program coordination and information exchange, the development of models and analyses that will support the design of the component sections, and preliminary designs for the component reaction sections. The sections are being designed to facilitate integration into a closed loop demonstration in a later stage of the program.
Buckingham, R.; Russ, B.; Brown, L.; Besenbruch, G.E.; Gelbard, F.; Pickard F.S.; Leybros, J.; Le Duigou, A.; Borgard, J.M.
Comparison of NNLO DIS scheme splitting functions with results from exact gluon kinematics at small x.
result such that the complete non-singlet coefficient is negative at small x. However, it is not divergent as x? 0 so that convolution with a suitable non-singlet test function 7 05000 10000 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 x P +(2) ns 0 5000 10000 15000... -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 x x P(2)gg -20000 -10000 0 10000 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 x x P(2)qg -10000 -5000 0 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 x x P(2)gq Figure 3: The singlet splitting functions in the DIS (solid) and MS schemes (dashed...
White, C D; Thorne, Robert S
Distance priority based multicast routing in WDM networks considering sparse light splitting
As we know, the member-only algorithm in provides the best links stress and wavelength usage for the construction of multicast light-trees in WDM networks with sparse splitting. However, the diameter of tree is too big and the average delay is also too large, which are intolerant for QoS required multimedia applications. In this paper, a distance priority based algorithm is proposed to build light-trees for multicast routing, where the Candidate Destinations and the Candidate Connectors are introduced. Simulations show the proposed algorithm is able to greatly reduce the diameter and average delay of the multicast tree (up to 51% and 50% respectively), while keep the same or get a slightly better link stress as well as the wavelength usage than the famous Member-Only algorithm.
Zhou, Fen; Cousin, Bernard; 10.1109/ICCS.2008.4737278
Making a Magnetic Moment in a Split Picosecond | Advanced Photon Source
Unpeeling Atoms and Molecules from the Inside Out Unpeeling Atoms and Molecules from the Inside Out Butterfly Wing Yields Clues to Light-Altering Structures Squeezing Information from Materials under Extreme Pressure Quick-Change Molecules Caught in the Act The Molecular Mechanics of Hearing and Deafness Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Making a Magnetic Moment in a Split Picosecond JULY 1, 2010 Bookmark and Share Michel van Veenendaal (left) and Jun Chang in van Veenendaal's office at the APS, discussing figure 3 from their Physical Review Letters article, "Model of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Photoexcited Transition-Metal Organic Compounds." A wide range of phenomena in nature and technology depend on changes that
. ., Querol X.; CHARACTERIZATION OF FEED COAL, FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH FROM SEYITOMER POWER PLANT, KUTAHYA SOILS IN IZMIR (TURKEY) USING S-WAVE AND P-WAVE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS 193 Kirdim �?., Karayiit A (Turkey), Crustal Thickness Variation, Seismicity, Seismotectonics, Shear-wave Splitting, Crust
Seyitoðlu, Gürol
MSAT-A new toolkit for the analysis of elastic and seismic anisotropy
The design and content of MSAT, a new Matlab toolkit for the study and analysis of seismic and elastic anisotropy, is described. Along with a brief introduction to the basic theory of anisotropic elasticity and a guide to the functions provided by the ... Keywords: Anisotropy, Elasticity, MATLAB, Seismology, Shear-wave splitting
Andrew M. Walker; James Wookey
An integrated methodology for sub-surface fracture characterization using microseismic data: A case study at the NW Geysers
Geothermal and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs are often characterized by low permeability and porosity. So, they are difficult to produce and require stimulation techniques, such as thermal shear deactivation and hydraulic fracturing. Fractures ... Keywords: Fuzzy clustering, Geothermal reservoirs, Microseismic, Shear wave splitting, Tomographic inversion, Unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
Fred Aminzadeh, Tayeb A. Tafti, Debotyam Maity
Overall Photocatalytic Water Splitting with NiOx-SrTiO3 � A Revised Mechanism
NiOx (0 water splitting under UV light. The established mechanism for this and many other NiOx containing catalysts assumes water oxidation to occur at the early transition metal oxide and water reduction at NiOx. Here we show that NiOx-STO is more likely a three component Ni-STO-NiO catalyst, in which STO absorbs the light, Ni reduces protons, and NiO oxidizes water. This interpretation is based on systematic H2/O2 evolution tests of appropriately varied catalyst compositions using oxidized, chemically and photochemically added nickel and NiO nanoparticle cocatalysts. Surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements reveal that Ni(0) serves as an electron trap (site for water reduction) and that NiO serves as a hole trap (site for water oxidation). Electrochemical measurements show that the overpotential for water oxidation correlates with NiO content, whereas the water reduction overpotential depends on Ni content. Photodeposition experiments with NiCl2 and H2PtCl6 on NiO-STO show that electrons are available on the STO surface, not on the NiO particles. Based on photoelectrochemistry, both NiO and Ni particles suppress the Fermi level in STO, but the effect of this shift on catalytic activity is not clear. Overall, the results suggest a revised role for NiO in NiOx-STO and in many other nickel-containing water splitting systems, including NiOx-La:KTaO3, and many layered perovskites.
An operator splitting scheme with a distributed Lagrange multiplier based fictitious domain method for wave propagation problems
We propose a novel fictitious domain method based on a distributed Lagrange multiplier technique for the solution of the time-dependent problem of scattering by an obstacle. We study discretizations that include a fully conforming approach as well as ... Keywords: Fictitious domains, Mixed finite element methods, Operator splitting, Perfectly matched layer
Vrushali A. Bokil; Roland Glowinski
Testing Methods for Prediction of Onset of Interarea Split in a Full-Scale Real World Context
Today's heavily loaded and stressed power transmission networks exhibit very complex dynamic behavior under small or large disturbances. Using normal forms of vector fields, EPRI investigators analyzed power system dynamic behavior under stressed, or heavy load, operating conditions to detect splits in the Manitoba Hydro system following a large disturbance.
Variability of the Southern Hemisphere Winter Split Flow�A Case of Two-Way Reinforcement between Mean Flow and Eddy Anomalies
A new split-jet index is defined in this study, and composites based on this index show that the split-flow regime is characterized by a cold�warm�cold tripolar temperature anomaly in the South Pacific that extends equatorward from the Southern ...
Xiaosong Yang; Edmund K. M. Chang
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) contract, collected split surface water samples with Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS) representatives on August 22, 2012. Representatives from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation were also in attendance. Samples were collected at four surface water stations, as required in the approved Request for Technical Assistance number 11-018. These stations included Nolichucky River upstream (NRU), Nolichucky River downstream (NRD), Martin Creek upstream (MCU), and Martin Creek downstream (MCD). Both ORAU and NFS performed gross alpha and gross beta analyses. The comparison of results using the duplicate error ratio (DER), also known as the normalized absolute difference. A DER ? 3 indicates that, at a 99% confidence interval, split sample results do not differ significantly when compared to their respective one standard deviation (sigma) uncertainty. The NFS split sample report does not specify the confidence level of reported uncertainties. Therefore, standard two sigma reporting is assumed and uncertainty values were divided by 1.96. A comparison of split sample results, using the DER equation, indicates one set with a DER greater than 3. A DER of 3.1 is calculated for gross alpha results from ORAU sample 5198W0003 and NFS sample MCU-310212003. The ORAU result is 0.98 � 0.30 pCi/L (value � 2 sigma) compared to the NFS result of -0.08 � 0.60 pCi/L. Relatively high DER values are not unexpected for low (e.g., background) analyte concentrations analyzed by separate laboratories, as is the case here. It is noted, however, NFS uncertainties are at least twice the ORAU uncertainties, which contributes to the elevated DER value. Differences in ORAU and NFS minimum detectable activities are even more pronounced. comparison of ORAU and NFS split samples produces reasonably consistent results for low (e.g., background) concentrations.
David A. King, CHP, PMP
High Efficiency Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Using Solar Thermochemical Splitting of Water
The objective of this work is to identify economically feasible concepts for the production of hydrogen from water using solar energy. The ultimate project objective was to select one or more competitive concepts for pilot-scale demonstration using concentrated solar energy. Results of pilot scale plant performance would be used as foundation for seeking public and private resources for full-scale plant development and testing. Economical success in this venture would afford the public with a renewable and limitless source of energy carrier for use in electric power load-leveling and as a carbon-free transportation fuel. The Solar Hydrogen Generation Research (SHGR) project embraces technologies relevant to hydrogen research under the Office of Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technology (HFCIT) as well as concentrated solar power under the Office of Solar Energy Technologies (SET). Although the photoelectrochemical work is aligned with HFCIT, some of the technologies in this effort are also consistent with the skills and technologies found in concentrated solar power and photovoltaic technology under the Office of Solar Energy Technologies (SET). Hydrogen production by thermo-chemical water-splitting is a chemical process that accomplishes the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen using only heat or a combination of heat and electrolysis instead of pure electrolysis and meets the goals for hydrogen production using only water and renewable solar energy as feed-stocks. Photoelectrochemical hydrogen production also meets these goals by implementing photo-electrolysis at the surface of a semiconductor in contact with an electrolyte with bias provided by a photovoltaic source. Here, water splitting is a photo-electrolytic process in which hydrogen is produced using only solar photons and water as feed-stocks. The thermochemical hydrogen task engendered formal collaborations among two universities, three national laboratories and two private sector entities. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen task included formal collaborations with three universities and one national laboratory. The formal participants in these two tasks are listed above. Informal collaborations in both projects included one additional university (the University of Nevada, Reno) and two additional national laboratories (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory).
Heske, Clemens; Moujaes, Samir; Weimer, Alan; Wong, Bunsen; Siegal, Nathan; McFarland, Eric; Miller, Eric; Lewis, Michele; Bingham, Carl; Roth, Kurth; Sabacky, Bruce; Steinfeld, Aldo
Modeling solar thermochemical splitting of CO2 using metal oxide and a CR5.
A two-dimensional, multi-physics computational model based on the finite-element method is developed for simulating the process of solar thermochemical splitting of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) using ferrites (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/FeO) and a counter-rotating-ring receiver/recuperator or CR5, in which carbon monoxide (CO) is produced from gaseous CO{sub 2}. The model takes into account heat transfer, gas-phase flow and multiple-species diffusion in open channels and through pores of the porous reactant layer, and redox chemical reactions at the gas/solid interfaces. Results (temperature distribution, velocity field, and species concentration contours) computed using the model in a case study are presented to illustrate model utility. The model is then employed to examine the effects of injection rates of CO{sub 2} and argon neutral gas, respectively, on CO production rate and the extent of the product-species crossover.
Hogan, Roy E., Jr.; Chen, Ken Shuang
Measurement of electronic splitting in PbS quantum dots by two-dimensional nonlinear spectroscopy
Quantum dots exhibit rich and complex electronic structure that makes them ideal for studying the basic physics of semiconductors in the intermediate regime between bulk materials and single atoms. The remarkable nonlinear optical properties of these nanostructures make them strong candidates for photonics applications. Here, we experimentally probe changes in the fine structure on ultrafast timescales of a colloidal solution of PbS quantum dots through their nonlinear optical response despite extensive inhomogeneous spectral broadening. Using continuum excitation and detection, we observe electronic coupling between nearly degenerate exciton states split by intervalley scattering at low exciton occupancy and a sub-100 fs frequency shift presumably due to phonon-assisted transitions. At high excitation intensities, we observe multi-exciton effects and sharp absorbance bands indicative of exciton-exciton coupling. Our experiments directly probe the nonlinear optical response of nearly degenerate quantum confined nanostructures with femtosecond temporal resolution despite extensive line broadening caused by the finite size distribution found in colloidal solutions.
Harel, E.; Rupich, S. M.; Schaller, R. D.; Talapin, D. V.; Engel, G. S. (Center for Nanoscale Materials); (Univ. of Chicago); (Northwestern Univ.)
Solar-thermal Water Splitting Using the Sodium Manganese Oxide Process & Preliminary H2A Analysis
There are three primary reactions in the sodium manganese oxide high temperature water splitting cycle. In the first reaction, Mn2O3 is decomposed to MnO at 1,500°C and 50 psig. This reaction occurs in a high temperature solar reactor and has a heat of reaction of 173,212 J/mol. Hydrogen is produced in the next step of this cycle. This step occurs at 700°C and 1 atm in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Finally, water is added in the hydrolysis step, which removes NaOH and regenerates the original reactant, Mn2O3. The high temperature solar�?�driven step for decomposing Mn2O3 to MnO can be carried out to high conversion without major complication in an inert environment. The second step to produce H2 in the presence of sodium hydroxide is also straightforward and can be completed. The third step, the low temperature step to recover the sodium hydroxide is the most difficult. The amount of energy required to essentially distill water to recover sodium hydroxide is prohibitive and too costly. Methods must be found for lower cost recovery. This report provides information on the use of ZnO as an additive to improve the recovery of sodium hydroxide.
Todd M. Francis, Paul R. Lichty, Christopher Perkins, Melinda Tucker, Peter B. Kreider, Hans H. Funke, Allan Lewandowski, and Alan W. Weimer
The Role of Doppler Broadening in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Autler-Townes Splitting in Open Molecular Systems
We describe in this Letter how inhomogeneous line broadening affects the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in a three level open molecular cascade system. For moderate Rabi frequencies in the range of 300 to 500 MHz the fluorescence line shape from the uppermost level |3> in this system depends strongly on the frequency ratio of the two laser fields. However, the fluorescence spectrum of the intermediate level |2> appears as expected. We provide a description of the conditions for optimally resolved AT splitting in terms of the probe laser/coupling field frequency ratio and laser propagation geometry based on our theoretical analysis of the Doppler integral. This is important for applications such as molecular angular momentum alignment as well as for the measurement of the transition dipole moment matrix element.
A. Lazoudis; E. Ahmed; L. Li; T. Kirova; P. Qi; A. Hansson; J. Magnes; F. C. Spano; A. M. Lyyra
Electric dipole moments of charged leptons in the split fermion scenario in the two Higgs doublet model
We predict the charged lepton electric dipole moments in the split fermion scenario in the framework of the two Higgs doublet model. We observe that the numerical value of the muon (tau) electric dipole moment is at the order of the magnitude of $10^{-22} (e-cm)$ ($10^{-20} (e-cm)$) and there is an enhancement in the case of two extra dimensions, especially for the tau lepton electric dipole moment.
E. O. Iltan
Saturated critical heat flux in a multi-microchannel heat sink fed by a split flow system
An extensive experimental campaign has been carried out for the measurement of saturated critical heat flux in a multi-microchannel copper heat sink. The heat sink was formed by 29 parallel channels that were 199 {mu}m wide and 756 {mu}m deep. In order to increase the critical heat flux and reduce the two-phase pressure drop, a split flow system was implemented with one central inlet at the middle of the channels and two outlets at either end. The base critical heat flux was measured using three HFC Refrigerants (R134a, R236fa and R245fa) for mass fluxes ranging from 250 to 1500 kg/m{sup 2} s, inlet subcoolings from -25 to -5 K and saturation temperatures from 20 to 50 C. The parametric effects of mass velocity, saturation temperature and inlet subcooling were investigated. The analysis showed that significantly higher CHF was obtainable with the split flow system (one inlet-two outlets) compared to the single inlet-single outlet system, providing also a much lower pressure drop. Notably several existing predictive methods matched the experimental data quite well and quantitatively predicted the benefit of higher CHF of the split flow. (author)
Mauro, A.W.; Toto, D. [Department of Energetics, Applied Thermofluidynamics and Air Conditioning Systems, FEDERICO II University, p.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli (Italy); Thome, J.R. [Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transfer (LTCM), Faculty of Engineering (STI), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 9, Lausanne CH-1015 (Switzerland); Vanoli, G.P. [Engineering Department, Sannio University, Corso Garibaldi 107, Palazzo dell'Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, 82100 Benevento (Italy)
A study of shock mitigating materials in a split Hopkinson bar configuration. Phase 1
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) designs mechanical systems with electronics that must survive high shock environments. These mechanical systems include penetrators that must survive soil, rock, and ice penetration, nuclear transportation casks that must survive transportation environments, and laydown weapons that must survive delivery impact of 125 fps. These mechanical systems contain electronics that may operate during and after the high shock environment and that must be protected from the high shock environments. A study has been started to improve the packaging techniques for the advanced electronics utilized in these mechanical systems because current packaging techniques are inadequate for these more sensitive electronics. In many cases, it has been found that the packaging techniques currently used not only do not mitigate the shock environment but actually amplify the shock environment. An ambitious goal for this packaging study is to avoid amplification and possibly attenuate the shock environment before it reaches the electronics contained in the various mechanical systems. As part of the investigation of packaging techniques, a two phase study of shock mitigating materials is being conducted. The purpose of the first phase reported here is to examine the performance of a joint that consists of shock mitigating material sandwiched in between steel and to compare the performance of the shock mitigating materials. A split Hopkinson bar experimental configuration simulates this joint and has been used to study the shock mitigating characteristics of seventeen, unconfined materials. The nominal input for these tests is an incident compressive wave with 50 fps peak (1,500 {micro}{var_epsilon} peak) amplitude and a 100 {micro}s duration (measured at 10% amplitude).
Bateman, V.I.; Brown, F.A.; Hansen, N.R.
The Impact of Codes, Regulations, and Standards on Split-Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, 65,000 Btu/hr and Under
This document establishes a framework for understanding the technology and regulation of split-unitary air conditioners and heat pumps 65,000 Btu/hr and under. The reporting framework is structured so that it can be added to in the future. This study is broken into six chapters:The basic components, refrigeration cycle, operation, and efficiency ratings of split-unitary air conditioners and heat pumps are covered for background information.Equipment efficiency ...
A high order kinetic flux-vector splitting method for the reduced five-equation model of compressible two-fluid flows
We present a high order kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) scheme for the numerical solution of a conservative interface-capturing five-equation model of compressible two-fluid flows. This model was initially introduced by Wackers and Koren (2004) ... Keywords: 35L45, 35L65, 35L67, 65M99, 65Y99, 76T99, Central schemes, Conservation laws, Five-equation model, Hyperbolic systems, Kinetic flux-vector splitting schemes, Shock solutions
Shamsul Qamar; Munshoor Ahmed
Ternary Electrocatalysts for Oxidizing Ethanol to Carbon Dioxide: Making Ir Capable of Splitting C-C bond
Splitting the C-C bond is the main obstacle to electroxidation of ethanol (EOR) to CO2. We recently demonstrated that the ternary PtRhSnO2 electrocatalyst can accomplish that reaction at room temperature with Rh having a unique capability to split the C-C bond. In this article we report the finding that Ir can be induced to split the C-C bond as a component of the ternary catalyst. We synthesized, characterized and compared the properties of several ternary electrocatalysts. Carbon-supported nanoparticle (NP) electrocatalysts comprising a SnO2 NP core decorated with multi-metallic nanoislands (MM = PtIr, PtRh, IrRh, PtIrRh) were prepared using a seeded growth approach. An array of characterization techniques were employed to establish the composition and architecture of the synthesized MM /SnO2 NPs, while electrochemical and in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy studies elucidated trends in activity and the nature of the reaction intermediates and products. Both EOR reactivity and selectivity towards CO2 formation of several of these MM /SnO2/C electrocatalysts are significantly higher compared to conventional Pt/C and Pt/SnO2/C catalysts. We demonstrate that the PtIr/SnO2/C catalyst with high Ir content shows outstanding catalytic property with the most negative EOR onset potential and reasonably good selectivity towards ethanol complete oxidation to CO2. PtRh/SnO2/C catalysts with a moderate Rh content exhibit the highest EOR selectivity, as deduced from infrared studies.
Li, Meng [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Cullen, David A [ORNL; Sasaki, Kotaro [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Marinkovic, N. [University of Delaware; More, Karren Leslie [ORNL; Adzic, Radoslav R. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)
Plume splitting and rebounding in a high-intensity CO{sub 2} laser induced air plasma
The dynamics of plasma plume formed by high-intensity CO{sub 2} laser induced breakdown of air at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The laser wavelength is 10.6 {mu}m. Measurements were made using 3 ns gated fast photography as well as space and time resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The behavior of the plasma plume was studied with a laser energy of 3 J and 10 J. The results show that the evolution of the plasma plume is very complicated. The splitting and rebounding of the plasma plume is observed to occur early in the plumes history.
Chen Anmin; Jiang Yuanfei; Liu Hang; Jin Mingxing; Ding Dajun [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)
Commercial Activated Carbon for the Catalytic Production of Hydrogen via the Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle
Eight activated carbon catalysts were examined for their catalytic activity to decompose hydroiodic acid (HI) to produce hydrogen; a key reaction in the sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical water splitting cycle. Activity was examined under a temperature ramp from 473 to 773 K. No statistically significant correlation was found between catalyst sample properties and catalytic activity. Four of the eight samples were examined for one week of continuous operation at 723 K. All samples appeared to be stable over the period of examination.
Daniel M. Ginosar; Lucia M. Petkovic; Kyle C. Burch
A single diffractive optical element for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration functions simultaneously with high diffraction efficiency
In this paper, a novel method is proposed, and employed to design a single diffractive optical element (DOE) for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration (SSBC) functions simultaneously. We develop an optimization algorithm, through which the SSBC DOE can be optimized within an arbitrary thickness range, according to the limitations of modern photolithography technology. Theoretical simulation results reveal that the designed SSBC DOE has a high optical focusing efficiency. It is expected that the designed SSBC DOE should have practical applications in high-efficiency solar cell systems.
Ye, Jia-Sheng; Huang, Qing-Li; Dong, Bi-Zhen; Zhang, Yan; Yang, Guo-Zhen
Sub microsecond notching of a negative hydrogen beam at low energy utilizing a magnetron ion source with a split extractor
A technique for sub-microsecond beam notching is being developed at 20 keV utilizing a Magnetron ion source with a slit extraction system and a split extractor. Each half of the extractor is treated as part of a 50 ohm transmission line which can be pulsed at {+-}700 volts creating a 1400 volt gradient. This system along with the associated electronics is electrically floated on top of a pulsed extraction voltage. A beam reduction of 95% has been observed at the end of the Fermilab 400 MeV Linac and 35% notching has recently been achieved in the Booster.
Moehs, Douglas; /Fermilab
Frequency, splitting, linewidth and amplitude estimates of low-l p modes of alpha Cen A: analysis of WIRE photometry
We present results of fitting the 50-day time series of photometry of alpha Cen A taken by the WIRE satellite in 1999. Both power spectrum and autocovariance function (ACF) fitting techniques were used in an attempt to determine mode frequencies, rotational splittings, lifetimes and amplitudes of low-l p-modes. In all, using both techniques, we managed to fit 18 modes (seven l = 0, eight l = 1 and three l = 2) with frequencies determined to within 1 - 2 micro-Hz. These estimates are shown to be 0.6 +/- 0.3 micro-Hz lower, on average, than the frequencies determined from two other more recent studies (Bouchy & Carrier, 2002; Bedding et al. 2004) which used data gathered about 19 months after the WIRE observations. This could be indicative of an activity cycle, although due to the large uncertainty, more data would be needed to confirm this. Over a range of 1700 to 2650 micro-Hz we were also able to use the ACF fitting to determine an average lifetime of 3.9 +/- 1.4 days, and an average rotational splitting of 0.54 +/- 0.22 micro-Hz, which is the first ever reliable estimate of this parameter. In contrast to the ACF, the power spectrum fitting was shown to return significantly biased results for these parameters.
S. T. Fletcher; W. J. Chaplin; Y. Elsworth; J. Schou; D. Buzasi
Toward Photochemical Water Splitting Using Band-Gap-Narrowed Semiconductors and Transition-Metal Based Molecular Catalysts
We are carrying out coordinated theoretical and experimental studies of toward photochemical water splitting using band-gap-narrowed semiconductors (BGNSCs) with attached multi-electron molecular water oxidation and hydrogen production catalysts. We focus on the coupling between the materials properties and the H{sub 2}O redox chemistry, with an emphasis on attaining a fundamental understanding of the individual elementary steps in the following four processes: (1) Light-harvesting and charge-separation of stable oxide or oxide-derived semiconductors for solar-driven water splitting, including the discovery and characterization of the behavior of such materials at the aqueous interface; (2) The catalysis of the four-electron water oxidation by dinuclear hydroxo transition-metal complexes with quinonoid ligands, and the rational search for improved catalysts; (3) Transfer of the design principles learned from the elucidation of the DuBois-type hydrogenase model catalysts in acetonitrile to the rational design of two-electron hydrogen production catalysts for aqueous solution; (4) Combining these three elements to examine the function of oxidation catalysts on BGNSC photoanode surfaces and hydrogen production catalysts on cathode surfaces at the aqueous interface to understand the challenges to the efficient coupling of the materials functions.
Muckerman,J.T.; Rodriguez, J.A.; Fujita, E.
program of: Electrical resistivity e. f. Microearthquake,R x. F) Average Electrical Resistivity Microearthquake andreduce the amoun of electrical resistivity coverage because
Goldstein, N.E.
Numerical Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (2000) | Open Energy Information
Numerical Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (2000) Numerical Modeling At Coso Geothermal Area (2000) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Numerical Modeling Activity Date 2000 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine areas with fault patterns for geothermal development using Poisson's ratio and porosity Notes High-resolution, three-dimensional, compressional and shear wave velocity models, derived from microearthquake travel times, are used to map the distribution of Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso Geothermal Area. Spatial resolution of the three-dimensional Poisson's ratio and porosity distributions is estimated to be 0.5 km horizontally and 0.8 km vertically. Model uncertainties, + or -1% in the interior and + or -2.3% around the
Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso geothermal area, California | Open
Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso geothermal area, California Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso geothermal area, California Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso geothermal area, California Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: High-resolution, three-dimensional, compressional and shear wave velocity models, derived from microearthquake traveltimes, are used to map the distribution of Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso Geothermal Area, Inyo County, California. Spatial resolution of the three-dimensional Poisson's ratio and porosity distributions is estimated to be 0.5 km horizontally and 0.8 km vertically. Model uncertainties, + or -1% in the interior and + or -2.3% around the edge of the model, are estimated by a jackknife method. We use perturbations of r = V p /V s ratio and Psi = V p
Initial Screening of Thermochemical Water-Splitting Cycles for High Efficiency Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Using Nuclear Power
OAK B188 Initial Screening of Thermochemical Water-Splitting Cycles for High Efficiency Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Using Nuclear Power There is currently no large scale, cost-effective, environmentally attractive hydrogen production process, nor is such a process available for commercialization. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier, which potentially could replace the fossil fuels used in the transportation sector of our economy. Fossil fuels are polluting and carbon dioxide emissions from their combustion are thought to be responsible for global warming. The purpose of this work is to determine the potential for efficient, cost-effective, large-scale production of hydrogen utilizing high temperature heat from an advanced nuclear power station. Almost 800 literature references were located which pertain to thermochemical production of hydrogen from water and over 100 thermochemical watersplitting cycles were examined. Using defined criteria and quantifiable metrics, 25 cycles have been selected for more detailed study.
Brown, L.C.; Funk, J.F.; Showalter, S.K.
Manual of BlackMax, a black-hole event generator with rotation, recoil, split branes, and brane tension
This is the users manual of the black-hole event generator BlackMax, which simulates the experimental signatures of microscopic and Planckian black-hole production and evolution at proton-proton, proton-antiproton and electron-positron colliders in the context of brane world models with low-scale quantum gravity. The generator is based on phenomenologically realistic models free of serious problems that plague low-scale gravity. It includes all of the black-hole gray-body factors known to date and incorporates the effects of black-hole rotation, splitting between the fermions, non-zero brane tension and black-hole recoil due to Hawking radiation (although not all simultaneously).
De-Chang Dai; Cigdem Issever; Eram Rizvi; Glenn Starkman; Dejan Stojkovic; Jeff Tseng
solarFLAG hare and hounds: on the extraction of rotational p-mode splittings from seismic, Sun-as-a-star data
We report on results from the first solar Fitting at Low-Angular degree Group (solar FLAG) hare-and-hounds exercise. The group is concerned with the development of methods for extracting the parameters of low-l solar p mode data (`peak bagging'), collected by Sun-as-a-star observations. Accurate and precise estimation of the fundamental parameters of the p modes is a vital pre-requisite of all subsequent studies. Nine members of the FLAG (the `hounds') fitted an artificial 3456-d dataset. The dataset was made by the `hare' (WJC) to simulate full-disc Doppler velocity observations of the Sun. The rotational frequency splittings of the l=1, 2 and 3 modes were the first parameter estimates chosen for scrutiny. Significant differences were uncovered at l=2 and 3 between the fitted splittings of the hounds. Evidence is presented that suggests this unwanted bias had its origins in several effects. The most important came from the different way in which the hounds modeled the visibility ratio of the different rotationally split components. Our results suggest that accurate modelling of the ratios is vital to avoid the introduction of significant bias in the estimated splittings. This is of importance not only for studies of the Sun, but also of the solar analogues that will targets for asteroseismic campaigns.
W. J. Chaplin; T. Appourchaux; F. Baudin; P. Boumier; Y. Elsworth; S. T. Fletcher; E. Fossat; R. A. Garcia; G. R. Isaak; A. Jimenez; S. J. Jimenez-Reyes; M. Lazrek; J. W. Leibacher; J. Lochard; R. New; P. Palle; C. Regulo; D. Salabert; N. Seghouani; T. Toutain; R. Wachter
Generation Maintenance Applications Center: Maintenance Guide for Horizontal Split-Casing Closed Cooling Water Pumps in Combined-Cyc le Combustion-Turbine Plants
This report identifies the failure modes and general maintenance requirements for horizontal split-casing closed cooling water pumps used in utility combined-cycle combustion-turbine power plants. Information in this report was provided and reviewed by member utilities. Manufacturers� information and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) database information was used as a basis for the ...
Impact of three different TiO2 morphologies on hydrogen evolution by methonal assisted water-splitting: nanoparticles, nanotubes and
-splitting: nanoparticles, nanotubes and aerogels. (published in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, 22 (2011, nanotubes and aerogels. These materials have shown different behaviours depending on both their composition of the samples (nanotubes or aerogels). Among all the tested samples, the TiO2 aerogel supported Pt one exhibited
Crustal shear wave velocity structure of Tanzania from ambient seismic noise tomography and the thicknesses of Karoo and younger basins in Southeastern Tanzania.
??The thickness of the Karoo (Permian-Jurassic) sedimentary basins and the Jurassic- Neogene coastal sedimentary basins in southeastern Tanzania are investigated in this study. The Karoo� (more)
Boyle, Katie
Fast transport, atom sample splitting, and single-atom qubit supply in two-dimensional arrays of optical microtraps
Two-dimensional arrays of optical micro-traps created by microoptical elements present a versatile and scalable architecture for neutral atom quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and the manipulation of ultra-cold quantum gases. In this article, we demonstrate advanced capabilities of this approach by introducing novel techniques and functionalities as well as the combined operation of previously separately implemented functions. We introduce piezo-actuator based transport of atom ensembles over distances of more than one trap separation, examine the capabilities of rapid atom transport provided by acousto-optical beam steering, and analyze the adiabaticity limit for atom transport in these configurations. We implement a spatial light modulator with 8-bit transmission control for the per-site adjustment of the trap depth and the number of atoms loaded. We combine single-site addressing, trap depth control, and atom transport in one configuration for demonstrating the splitting of atom ensembles with variable ratio at predefined register sites. Finally, we use controlled sub-poissonian preparation of single trapped atoms from such an ensemble to show that our approach allows for the implementation of a continuous supply of single-atom qubits with high fidelity. These novel implementations and their combined operation significantly extend available techniques for the dynamical and reconfigurable manipulation of ultracold atoms in dipole traps.
Malte Schlosser; Jens Kruse; Christian Gierl; Stephan Teichmann; Sascha Tichelmann; Gerhard Birkl
EcoCAR Design and Development Process for a Plug-in E85 Split Parallel Architecture Hybrid Electric Vehicle
requirements. A literature review was performed to understand the potential of vehicle subsystems and their interactions on a total vehicle level. The Controls Subteam utilized the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) to model the stock vehicle. This information is used in the hybrid component selection and sizing. The result of this design process is a hybrid vehicle powertrain that can be classified as an Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV), built on a Split Parallel Architecture (SPA) that uses grid electric energy and E85 fuel. The platform can meet or exceed the stock performance requirements while reducing petroleum energy consumption by an estimated 80 %. The vehicle design is predicted to achieve an SAE J1711 utility factor corrected fuel consumption of 2.4 l/100 km (100 mpgge) with an estimated all electric range of 75 km (47 miles). Using E-85 fuel (corn-based in North America for the 2015 timeframe), the well-to-wheel petroleum energy use and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 80 % and 40 % respectively when compared to the stock 4-cylinder gasoline vehicle. The design and control strategy are tested on a controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) chassis combined with the actual Hybrid Vehicle Supervisory Controller and software for the competition vehicle.
Gantt Lynn; Nelson Doug; Christensen Jason; Robinson Adam
Thermochemical water-splitting cycle, bench-scale investigations, and process engineering. Final report, February 1977-December 31, 1981
The sulfur-iodine water-splitting cycle is characterized by the following three reactions: 2H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ + 2HI; H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + 1/2 O/sub 2/; and 2HI ..-->.. H/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/. This cycle was developed at General Atomic after several critical features in the above reactions were discovered. These involved phase separations, catalytic reactions, etc. Estimates of the energy efficiency of this economically reasonable advanced state-of-the-art processing unit produced sufficiently high values (to approx.47%) to warrant cycle development effort. The DOE contract was largely directed toward the engineering development of this cycle, including a small demonstration unit (CLCD), a bench-scale unit, engineering design, and costing. The work has resulted in a design that is projected to produce H/sub 2/ at prices not yet generally competitive with fossil-fuel-produced H/sub 2/ but are projected to be favorably competitive with respect to H/sub 2/ from fossil fuels in the future.
Norman, J.H.; Besenbruch, G.E.; Brown, L.C.; O'Keefe, D.R.; Allen, C.L.
Type II Seesaw Dominance in Non-supersymmetric and Split Susy SO(10) and Proton Life Time
Recently type II seesaw dominance in a supersymmetric SO(10) framework has been found useful in explaining large solar and atmospheric mixing angles as well as larger values of $theta_{13}$ while unifying quark and lepton masses. An important question in these models is whether there exists consistency between coupling unification and type II seesaw dominance. Scenarios where this consistency can be demonstrated have been given in a SUSY framework. In this paper we give examples where type II dominance occurs in SO(10) models without supersymmetry but with additional TeV scale particles and also in models with split-supersummetry. Grand unification is realized in a two-step process via breaking of SO(10) to SU(5) and then to a TeV scale standard model supplemented by extra fields and an SU(5) Higgs multiplet ${15}_H$ at a scale about $10^{12}$ GeV to give type-II seesaw. The predictions for proton lifetime in these models are in the range $\\tau_p^0 = 2\\times 10^{35}$ yrs. to $\\tau_p^0 = 6\\times 10^{35}$ yrs.. A number of recent numerical fits to GUT-scale fermion masses can be accommodated within this model.
R. N. Mohapatra; Mina K. Parida
Preliminary results from bench-scale testing of a sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle
Portions of a bench-scale model of a sulfur-iodine thermochemical water-splitting cycle have been operated at General Atomic Company as part of a comprehensive program to demonstrate the technology for hydrogen production from nonfossil sources. The hydrogen program is funded by the US Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, and General Atomic Company. The bench-scale model consists of three subunits which can be operated separately or together and is capable of producing as much as 4 std liters/min (6.7 x 10/sup -5/ m/sup 3//s at standard conditions) of gaseous hydrogen. One subunit (main solution reaction) reacts liquid water, liquid iodine (I/sub 2/) and gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) to form two separable liquid phases: 50 wt % sulfuric acid (H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/) and a solution of iodine in hydriodic acid (HI/sub x/). Another subunit (H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ concentration and decomposition) concentrates the H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ phase to the azeotropic composition, then decomposes it at high temperature over a catalyst to form gaseous SO/sub 2/ and oxygen. The third subunit (HI separation and decomposition) separates the HI from water and I/sub 2/ by extractive distillation with phosphoric acid (H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/) and decomposes the HI in the vapor phase over a catalyst to form I/sub 2/ and product hydrogen. This paper presents the results of on-going parametric studies to determine the operating characteristics, performance, and capacity limitations of major components.
O'Keefe, D.; Allen, C.; Besenbruch, G.; McCorkle, K.; Norman, J.; Sharp, R.
The tectonics and three-dimensional structure of spreading centers--microearthquake studies and tomographic inversions
Two-thirds of the Earth's surface has been formed along a global system of spreading centers that are presently manifested in several different structural forms, including the classic rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, ...
Toomey, Douglas R
Characteristics of microearthquakes accompanying hydraulic fracturing as determined from studies of spectra of seismic waveforms
A study of the spectral properties of the waveforms recorded during hydraulic fracturing earthquakes has been carried out to obtain information about the physical dimensions of the earthquakes. We find two types of events. The first type has waveforms with clear P and S arrivals and spectra that are very similar to earthquakes occurring in tectonic regions. These events are interpreted as being due to shear slip along fault planes. The second type of event has waveforms that are similar in many ways to long period earthquakes observed at volcanoes and is called long period. Many waveforms of these events are identical, which implies that these events represent repeated activation of a given source. We propose that the source of these long period events is the sudden opening of a channel that connects two cracks filled with fluid at different pressures. The sizes of the two cracks differ, which causes two or more peaks to appear in the spectra, each peak being associated with one physical dimension of the crack. From the frequencies at which spectral peaks occur, we estimate crack dimensions of between 3 and 22m. 13 refs., 8 figs.
Fehler, M.; Bame, D.
Similar microearthquakes observed in western Nagano, Japan, and implications for rupture mechanics
of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA. B04306 CHENG ET AL.: SIMILAR that using different time windows results in a slight difference in the delay time estimates Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., USA. 3 National Research Institute for Earth Science
Niu, Fenglin
Fracture Mapping in the Soultz-sous-Forets Geothermal Field from Microearthquake Relocation
In 2003, a massive hydraulic fracturing experiment was carried out at the European Geothermal Hot Dry Rock site at Soultz-sous-For�ts, France. The two week injection of water generated a high level of microseismic activity. ...
Michelet, Sophie
Split flow gasifier
A-moving bed coal gasifier for the production of tar-free, low ammonia fuel gas is described. The gasifier employs a combustion zone in a free-aboard area above the moving bed to burn coal fines to provide hot combustion gases for pyrolyzing and gasifying coal particulates in the moving bed to form fuel gas as the hot gases move co-currently with the downwardly moving coal particulates. The fuel gas contains entrained tars and ammonia compounds which contact hot char and ash in the moving bed and are cracked so that the fuel gas removed from the gasifier at a midpoint off-take is essentially tar-free and of low ammonia content. Concurrently with this gasification reaction, steam and an oxidant are introduced into a region below the moving bed to flow countercurrently to the downwardly moving bed to contact and react with carbon remaining in the char to create additional fuel gas which is also extracted from the gasifier at the mid-point off-take.
Halow, J.S.
Photosynthetic water splitting
The photosynthetic unit of hydrogen evolution, the turnover time of photosynthetic hydrogen production, and hydrogenic photosynthesis are discussed in the section on previous work. Recent results are given on simultaneous photoproduction of hydrogen and oxygen, kinetic studies, microscopic marine algae-seaweeds, and oxygen profiles.
Greenbaum, E.
Internal split field generator
A generator includes a coil of conductive material. A stationary magnetic field source applies a stationary magnetic field to the coil. An internal magnetic field source is disposed within a cavity of the coil to apply a moving magnetic field to the coil. The stationary magnetic field interacts with the moving magnetic field to generate an electrical energy in the coil.
Thundat; ,Thomas George (Knoxville, TN); Van Neste, Charles W. (Kingston, TN); Vass, Arpad Alexander (Oak Ridge, TN)
Lazy tree splitting
Nested data-parallelism (NDP) is a language mechanism that supports programming irregular parallel applications in a declarative style. In this paper, we describe the implementation of NDP in Parallel ML (PML), which is a part of the Manticore system. ...
Lars Bergstrom; Matthew Fluet; Mike Rainey; John Reppy; Adam Shaw
Nested data-parallelism (NDP) is a declarative style for programming irregular parallel applications. NDP languages provide language features favoring the NDP style, efficient compilation of NDP programs, and various common NDP operations like parallel ... Keywords: compilers, nested-data-parallel languages, run-time systems, scheduling
Lars Bergstrom; Mike Rainey; John Reppy; Adam Shaw; Matthew Fluet
External split field generator
A generator includes a coil disposed about a core. A first stationary magnetic field source may be disposed on a first end portion of the core and a second stationary magnetic field source may be disposed on a second end portion of core. The first and second stationary magnetic field sources apply a stationary magnetic field to the coil. An external magnetic field source may be disposed outside the coil to apply a moving magnetic field to the coil. Electrical energy is generated in response to an interaction between the coil, the moving magnetic field, and the stationary magnetic field.
Thundat, Thomas George (Knoxville, TN); Van Neste, Charles W. (Kingston, TN); Vass, Arpad Alexander (Oak Ridge, TN)
Photoelectrochemical water splitting and simultaneous photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant on highly smooth and ordered TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays
The photoelectrochemical water splitting and simultaneous photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant were achieved on TiO{sub 2} nanotube electrodes with double purposes of environmental protection and renewable energy production under illumination of simulated solar light. The TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays (TiO{sub 2} NTs) were fabricated by a two-step anodization method. The TiO{sub 2} NTs prepared in two-step anodization process (2-step TiO{sub 2} NTs) showed much better surface smoothness and tube orderliness than TiO{sub 2} NTs prepared in one-step anodization process (1-step TiO{sub 2} NTs). In the photoelectrochemical water splitting and simultaneous photoelectrocatalytic decomposition process, the 2-step TiO{sub 2} NTs electrode showed both highest photo-conversion efficiency of 1.25% and effective photodecomposition efficiency with existing of methylene blue (MB) as sacrificial agent and as pollutant target. Those results implied that the highly ordered nanostructures provided direct pathway and uniform electric field distribution for effective charges transfer, as well as superior capabilities of light harvesting. - Graphical Abstract: The photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation and simultaneous photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant (methylene blue) were achieved on TiO{sub 2} nanotube electrodes with double purposes of environmental protection and renewable energy production under illumination of simulated solar light. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were fabricated by a two-step anodization method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Hydrogen generation and organic pollutant degradation were achieved on TiO{sub 2} NTs. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Highest photoconversion efficiency of 1.25% was achieved. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Increasing orderliness will increase photocatalytic activity of TiO{sub 2} NTs.
Wu Hongjun [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318 (China); Institute of Basic Energy Science and Technology, George Washington University, VA 20147 (United States); Zhang Zhonghai, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute of Basic Energy Science and Technology, George Washington University, VA 20147 (United States); Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555 (Japan)
Parity splitting and E1/E2 branching in the alternating parity band of {sup 240}Pu from two-center octupole wave functions using supersymmetric quantum mechanics
An interpretation is suggested of the recently published experimental data on the alternating parity bands in {sup 240}Pu. The interpretation is based on the assumption that the main role in the description of the properties of the alternating parity bands plays the octupole mode which preserves the axial symmetry. The mathematical technique of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics is used for the realization of the model with the two-center octupole wave functions. A good description of the parity splitting and of the ratio of the dipole and quadrupole transitional moments is obtained for the first two bands.
Jolos, R. V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Institut fuer Kernphysik der Universitaet zu Koeln, D-50937 Koeln (Germany); Brentano, P. von [Institut fuer Kernphysik der Universitaet zu Koeln, D-50937 Koeln (Germany)
Steady-state entanglement and normal-mode splitting in an atom-assisted optomechanical system with intensity-dependent coupling
In this paper, we study theoretically bipartite and tripartite continuous variable entanglement as well as normal-mode splitting in a single-atom cavity optomechanical system with intensity-dependent coupling. The system under consideration is formed by a Fabry-Perot cavity with a thin vibrating end mirror and a two-level atom in the Gaussian standing wave of the cavity mode. We first derive the general form of the Hamiltonian describing the tripartite intensity-dependent atom-field-mirror coupling due to the presence of the cavity mode structure. We then restrict our treatment to the first vibrational sideband of the mechanical resonator and derive a tripartite atom-field-mirror Hamiltonian. We show that when the optical cavity is intensely driven, one can generate bipartite entanglement between any pair in the tripartite system and that, due to entanglement sharing, atom-mirror entanglement is efficiently generated at the expense of optical-mechanical and optical-atom entanglement. We also find that in such a system, when the Lamb-Dicke parameter is large enough, one can simultaneously observe the normal mode splitting into three modes.
Barzanjeh, Sh. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib, 81746-73441, Isfahan (Iran, Islamic Republic of); School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, Universita di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (Italy); Naderi, M. H.; Soltanolkotabi, M. [Quantum Optics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib, 81746-73441, Isfahan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Nanotechnology for Solar-hydrogen Production via Photoelectrochemical Water-splitting: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Nanomaterials and Quantum Dots
Hydrogen production by water-splitting using solar energy and nanostructure photocatalysts is very promising as a renewable, efficient, environmentally clean technology. The key is to reduce the cost of hydrogen production as well as increase the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency by searching for cost-effective photocatalytic materials. In this dissertation, energy efficiency calculation was carried out based on hydrogen production observation to evaluate the nanomaterials activity. The results are important to gain better understanding of water-splitting reaction mechanism. Design, synthesis, characterization/properties and application of these nanomaterials was the road-map to achieve the research objectives. The design of TiO2 is selected based on unique photocatalytic and photovoltaic properties and high stability in aqueous solution. Various structures of nanocomposites TiO2 were designed according to their characteristics and potential activity. TiO2 with quantum dots, nanocomposites thin film, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires (core/shell), nanotubes, nanopowders, nanoparticles, and nanosphere decorated with low cost metals, sensitized with dye, and doped with nitrogen are designed. Green physical and chemical synthesis methods such as sol-gel techniques, autoclave, microwave, electrospinning, wet impregnation, hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition, template-based fabrication (porous anodic aluminium oxide membrane), drop casting, dip coating, wet coating were used to synthesize and fabricate the nanomaterials and quantum dots.Both bottom-up and top-down synthesis techniques were used. The ability to control and manipulate the size, shape/geometry, crystal structure, chemical compositions, interaction and interface properties of these materials at nano-scale during the synthesis enable to enhance their thermal, optical, chemical, electrical, �etc properties. Several characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, EDS, SEM, UV-visible spectra, and optical microscopic and digital camera were also obtained to characterize the properties and confirm to achieve the desired design. The application or processing to test the activity of these nanomaterials for hydrogen production by water-splitting was conducted through extensive experimental program. It was carried out in a one photo-single column experimental set-up to detect hydrogen evolution. A high throughput screening process to evaluate single photo reduction catalysts was established here for simplicity, safety, cost-effective and flexibility of testing nanomaterials for water photoreduction reactivity and hydrogen generation. Therefore, methanol as electron donor or oxidation agent was mixed with water in equal volume ratio in order to prevent the oxygen evolution and only measured the time course of hydrogen production. The primary objectives of this study is to investigate the following (1) The structure-properties relationship through testing quantum dots, nanocomposites thin film, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires (core/shell), nanotubes, nanopowders, nanoparticles, nanospheres of TiO2 decorated with metals, dye sensitization, and nitrogen-doping. (2) The role of adding electron donors/relays to solution and their effect on semiconductor surface-electrolyte interface under constant conditions such as KI, Mv 2, NaCl, NaHCO3, sea and pure water. (3) Band gap and defect engineering by cation and anion doping. (4) Quantum dots and dye sensitization effect. The nanomaterials activity evaluated based on observed hydrogen production rate (?mol/h/g) experimentally and based on the energy efficiency (percent) calculation. Major findings in this dissertation are (1) A high throughput screening process to evaluate single photoreduction catalysts for solar-hydrogen production by water-splitting was established. (2) nanofibers structure of TiO2 doped with
Alenzi, Naser D.
Study of leading strange meson resonances and spin-orbit splittings in K/sup -/p. -->. K/sup -/. pi. /sup +/n at 11 GeV/c
The results from a high-statistics study of K..pi.. elastic scattering in the reaction K/sup -/p ..-->.. K/sup -/..pi../sup +/n are presented. The data for this analysis are taken from an 11-GeV/c K/sup -/p experiment performed on the Large Aperture Solenoidal Spectrometer (LASS) facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). By selecting the very forward produced K/sup -/..pi../sup +/ events, a sample consisting of data for the K..pi.. ..-->.. K..pi.. elastic scattering reaction was extracted. The angular distribution for this meson-meson scattering is studied by use of both a spherical harmonic moments analysis and a partial-wave analysis (PWA). The previously established leading natural spin-parity strange meson resonances (the J/sup P/ = 1/sup -/ K*(895), the 2/sup +/ K*(1430), and the 3/sup -/ K*(1780)) are observed in the results from both the moments analysis and the PWA. In addition, evidence for a new spin 4/sup -/ K* resonance with a mass of 2080 MeV and a width of about 225 MeV is presented. The results from the PWA confirm the existence of a 0/sup +/ kappa (1490) and propose the existence of a second scalar meson resonance, the 0/sup +/ kappa' (1900). Structure in the P-wave amplitude indicates resonance behavior in the mass region near 1700 MeV. In two of the four ambiguous solutions for the mass region above 1800 MeV, there is strong evidence for another P-wave resonant structure near 2100 MeV. The observed strange meson resonances are found to have a natural interpretation in terms of states predicted by the quark model. In particular, the mass splittings of the leading trajectory natural spin-parity strange meson states and the mass splittings between the spin-orbit triplet states are discussed. 59 figures, 17 tables.
Honma, A.K.
Electric-dipole moment of CaF by molecular-beam, laser-rf, double-resonance study of Stark splittings
The electronic structure of diatomic molecules is much more complex for open-shell sytems (radicals) than for the normal closed-shell systems, and the development of an adequate theoretical understanding will require a substantial upgrading of experimental knowledge in both quality and quantity. The alkaline-earth monohalide family of radicals, with only a single electron outside closed-shell cores, would appear to be a logical starting point for such studies, and there has been a great increase in work in this area in the last few years in spite of the special difficulties of working with free radicals. As the work of measuring the vibrational and rotational structure of the electronic states has become more complete, attention has turned to study of the much weaker spin-rotation and hyperfine interactions. Within the last three years, these interactions have been studied systematically at high precision in the calcium monohalide family with the molecular-beam, laser-rf double-resonance technique. The same method has now been modified and extended to make possible measurement of the electric-dipole moments of these molecules through observation of the Stark splittings of radiofrequency transitions. It is hoped that when considered together, the several types of data will make it possible to understand the ground-state electronic wave functions of these molecules at least qualitatively. 2 figures.
Childs, W.J.; Goodman, L.S.; Nielsen, U.; Pfeufer, V.
Final Report DOE Contract No. DE-FG36-04G014294 ICEKAP 2004: A Collaborative Joint Geophysical Imaging Project at Krafla and IDDP P.E. Malin, S.A. Onacha, E. Shalev Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham, NC 27708
In this final report, we discuss both theoretical and applied research resulting from our DOE project, ICEKAP 2004: A Collaborative Joint Geophysical Imaging Project at Krafla and IDDP. The abstract below begins with a general discussion of the problem we addressed: the location and characterization of �blind� geothermal resources using microearthquake and magnetotelluric measurements. The abstract then describes the scientific results and their application to the Krafla geothermal area in Iceland. The text following this abstract presents the full discussion of this work, in the form of the PhD thesis of Stephen A. Onacha. The work presented here was awarded the �Best Geophysics Paper� at the 2005 Geothermal Resources Council meeting, Reno. This study presents the modeling of buried fault zones using microearthquake and electrical resistivity data based on the assumptions that fluid-filled fractures cause electrical and seismic anisotropy and polarization. In this study, joint imaging of electrical and seismic data is used to characterize the fracture porosity of the fracture zones. P-wave velocity models are generated from resistivity data and used in locating microearthquakes. Fracture porosity controls fluid circulation in the hydrothermal systems and the intersections of fracture zones close to the heat source form important upwelling zones for hydrothermal fluids. High fracture porosity sites occur along fault terminations, fault-intersection areas and fault traces. Hydrothermal fault zone imaging using resistivity and microearthquake data combines high-resolution multi-station seismic and electromagnetic data to locate rock fractures and the likely presence fluids in high temperature hydrothermal systems. The depths and locations of structural features and fracture porosity common in both the MT and MEQ data is incorporated into a joint imaging scheme to constrain resistivity, seismic velocities, and locations of fracture systems. The imaging of the fault zones is constrained by geological, drilling, and geothermal production data. The objective is to determine interpretation techniques for evaluating structural controls of fluid circulation in hydrothermal systems. The conclusions are: � directions of MT polarization and anisotropy and MEQ S-splitting correlate. Polarization and anisotropy are caused by fluid filled fractures at the base of the clay cap. �Microearthquakes occur mainly on the boundary of low resistivity within the fracture zone and high resistivity in the host rock. Resistivity is lowest within the core of the fracture zone and increases towards the margins of the fracture zone. The heat source and the clay cap for the hydrothermal have very low resistivity of less than 5?m. �Fracture porosity imaged by resistivity indicates that it varies between 45-5% with most between 10-20%, comparable to values from core samples in volcanic areas in Kenya and Iceland. For resistivity values above 60?m, the porosity reduces drastically and therefore this might be used as the upper limit for modeling fracture porosity from resistivity. When resistivity is lower than 5?m, the modeled fracture porosity increases drastically indicating that this is the low resistivity limit. This is because at very low resistivity in the heat source and the clay cap, the resistivity is dominated by ionic conduction rather than fracture porosity. �Microearthquakes occur mainly above the heat source which is defined by low resistivity at a depth of 3-4.5 km at the Krafla hydrothermal system and 4-7 km in the Longonot hydrothermal system. �Conversions of S to P waves occur for microearthquakes located above the heat source within the hydrothermal system. Shallow microearthquakes occur mainly in areas that show both MT and S-wave anisotropy. �S-wave splitting and MT anisotropy occurs at the base of the clay cap and therefore reflects the variations in fracture porosity on top of the hydrothermal system. �In the Krafla hydrothermal system in Iceland, both MT polarization and MEQ splitting directions align with
Malin, Peter E.; Shalev, Eylon; Onacha, Stepthen A.
Chapter 4, Small Commercial and Residential Unitary and Split System HVAC Cooling Equipment-Efficiency Upgrade Evaluation Protocol: The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures
4: Small Commercial 4: Small Commercial and Residential Unitary and Split System HVAC Cooling Equipment-Efficiency Upgrade Evaluation Protocol David Jacobson, Jacobson Energy Research Subcontract Report NREL/SR-7A30-53827 April 2013 The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures 4 - 1 Chapter 4 - Table of Contents 1 Measure Description .............................................................................................................. 2 2 Application Conditions of Protocol ....................................................................................... 3 2.1 Programs with Enhanced Measures ................................................................................. 5 3 Savings Calculations .............................................................................................................. 6
Development and validation of a radial inflow turbine model for simulation of the SNL S-CO2 split-flow loop.
A one-dimensional model for a radial inflow turbine has been developed for super-critical carbon dioxide (S-CO{sub 2}) Brayton cycle applications. The model accounts for the main phenomena present in the volute, nozzle, and impeller of a single-stage turbine. These phenomena include internal losses due to friction, blade loading, and angle of incidence and parasitic losses due to windage and blade-housing leakage. The model has been added as a component to the G-PASS plant systems code. The model was developed to support the analysis of S-CO{sub 2} cycles in conjunction with small-scale loop experiments. Such loops operate at less than a MWt thermal input. Their size permits components to be reconfigured in new arrangements relatively easily and economically. However, the small thermal input combined with the properties of carbon dioxide lead to turbomachines with impeller diameters of only one to two inches. At these sizes the dominant phenomena differ from those in larger more typical machines. There is almost no treatment in the literature of turbomachines at these sizes. The present work therefore is aimed at developing turbomachine models that support the task of S-CO{sub 2} cycle analysis using small-scale tests. Model predictions were compared against data from an experiment performed for Sandia National Laboratories in the split-flow Brayton cycle loop currently located at Barber-Nichols Inc. The split-flow loop incorporates two turbo-alternator-compressor (TAC) units each incorporating a radial inflow turbine and a radial flow compressor on a common shaft. The predicted thermodynamic conditions at the outlet of the turbine on the main compressor shaft were compared with measured values at different shaft speeds. Two modifications to the original model were needed to better match the experiment data. First, a representation of the heat loss from the volute downstream of the sensed inlet temperature was added. Second, an empirical multiplicative factor was applied to the Euler head and another to the head loss to bring the predicted outlet pressure into better agreement with the experiment. These changes also brought the overall efficiency of the turbine into agreement with values cited by Barber Nichols for small turbines. More generally, the quality of measurement set data can in the future be improved by additional steps taken in the design and operation of the experimental apparatus. First, a thermocouple mounted at the nozzle inlet would provide a better indication of temperature at this key point. Second, heat losses from the turbine should be measured directly. Allowing the impeller to free wheel at inlet conditions and measuring the temperature drop between inlet and outlet would provide a more accurate measure of heat loss. Finally, the enthalpy change during operation is more accurately obtained by measuring the torque on the stator using strain gauges rather than by measuring pressure and temperature at inlet and outlet to infer thermodynamic states.
Vilim, R. B. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
of thermoelastic stress on injection well fracturing. SPEThe blue squares are the injection wells; yellow star is theLBNL NCSN POWER PLANTS INJECTION WELLS EVENTS LONGITUDE (
Analysis of Injection-Induced Micro-Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysers Geothermal Field, California
and P. Segall, P. 1997. Subsidence at The Geysers geothermalA.P. 2001. Seismicity, subsidence and strain at The Geysersrespectively, as well as subsidence of about 0.5 to 1 meter.
Rutqvist, J.
Focal mechanism determination of induced microearthquakes in an oil field using full waveforms from shallow and deep seismic networks
A new, relatively high frequency, full waveform matching method was used to study the focal mechanisms of small, local earthquakes induced in an oil field, which are monitored by a sparse near-surface network and a deep ...
Li, Junlun
Geothermal Field, Monograph on The Geysers GeothermalField, Geothermal Resources Council, Special Report no. 17,Subsidence at The Geysers geothermal field, N. California
and after SEGEP injection. Geothermal Resources Council,tectonics at the Geysers Geothermal Area, California, J.seismicity in The Geysers Geothermal Area, California, J.
Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysersanalysis of the geothermal steam production and cold waterAs a result of high rate of steam withdrawal, the reservoir
induced seismicity at The Geysers steam reservoir, NorthernMonitoring for Optimizing Steam Production at The Geysersgas concentrations in steam produced from The Geysers,
production wells, thermal- elastic cooling shrinkage is theinjection wells, both thermal-elastic cooling shrinkage andGeysers is cooling and associated thermal-elastic shrinkage
... electrodes fabricated from low cost, earth abundant, and chemically stable materials show low solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency because the ...
Process for photosynthetically splitting water
The invention is an improved process for producing gaseous hydrogen and oxygen from water. The process is conducted in a photolytic reactor which contains a water-suspension of a photoactive material containing a hydrogen-liberating catalyst. The reactor also includes a volume for receiving gaseous hydrogen and oxygen evolved from the liquid phase. To avoid oxygen-inactivation of the catalyst, the reactor is evacuated continuously by an external pump which circulates the evolved gases through means for selectively recovering hydrogen therefrom. The pump also cools the reactor by evaporating water from the liquid phase. Preferably, product recovery is effected by selectively diffusing the hydrogen through a heated semipermeable membrane, while maintaining across the membrane a magnetic field gradient which biases the oxygen away from the heated membrane. This promotes separation, minimizes the back-reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and protects the membrane.
Greenbaum, Elias (Oak Ridge, TN)
The Split Variational Inequality Problem
Sep 20, 2010 ... lines of research related to our notion of the CVIP. ...... Imaging, Therapy Planning and Inverse Problems, Medical Physics Pub# lishing�...
Generalized Forward-Backward Splitting
Dec 19, 2011 ... For the sake of simplicity and space saving we do not ... called regularization parameters � to balance between each terms of the energy ?. We.
Simulation and analysis of Magnetically-Applied Pressure-Shear (MAPS) experiments.
A new experimental technique to measure material shear strength at high pressures has been developed for use on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drive pulsed power platforms. The technique is referred to as Magnetically-Applied Pressure-Shear (MAPS). By applying an external static magnetic field to the sample region, the MHD drive directly induces a shear stress wave in addition to the usual longitudinal stress wave. Strength is probed by passing this shear wave through a sample material where the transmissible shear stress is limited to the sample strength. The magnitude of the transmitted shear wave is measured via a transverse velocity interferometry system (VISAR) from which the sample strength is determined. The strength of materials is defined as the ability of a material to sustain deviatoric (shear) stresses. Strength is an important aspect of the response of materials subjected to compression to high pressure. Beyond the elastic response, material strength will govern at what pressure and to what extent a material will plastically deform. The MAPS technique cleverly exploits the property that, for a von Mises yield criterion at a given longitudinal stress, the maximum amplitude shear wave that can be transmitted is limited by the strength at that stress level. Successful fielding of MAPS experiments to measure shear stresses relies upon correct numerical simulation of the experiment. Complex wave interactions among forward and reflected longitudinal and shear waves, as well as the advancing magnetic diffusion front of the MHD drive, can make the design of the experiment complicated. Careful consideration must be given to driver, sample, and anvil materials; to the thicknesses of the driver, sample and anvil layers; as well as to the timing of the interacting waves. This paper will present and analyze the 2D MHD simulations used to design the MAPS experiments. The MAPS experiments are modeled using Sandia's ALEGRA-MHD simulation code. ALEGRA-MHD is an operator-split, multi-physics, multi-material, arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian code developed to model magnetic implosion, ceramic fracture, and electromagnetic launch. We will detail the numerical investigations into MHD shear generation, longitudinal and shear stress coupling, timing of wave interactions, and transmission of shear at material interfaces.
Haill, Thomas A.; Alexander, C. Scott; Asay, James Russell
Splitting Methods for Problems with Different Timescales
The time step for the leapfrog scheme for a symmetric hyperbolic system with multiple timescales is limited by the Courant-Friedlichs-Lewy condition based on the fastest speed present. However, in many physical cases, most of the energy is in the ...
G. L. Browning; H-O. Kreiss
Internal/External Split Field Generator - ORNL
power density. In both inventions, generators use the flux interactions between moving and ... filed June 4, 2009. Thomas G. Thundat, Charles W. Van Neste, and
A quasi-Newton proximal splitting method
Jun 20, 2012 ... common trend in modern science is the increase in size of datasets, which ..... complexity O(N log N) by simple sorting the absolute values.
External split field generator - Energy Innovation Portal
A generator includes a coil disposed about a core. A first stationary magnetic field source may be disposed on a first end portion of the core and a second stationary ...
subspace accelerated matrix splitting algorithms for bound ...
Their algorithm uses a projected gradient search in the first phase ..... eration is generally superior to a projected gradient iteration in terms of identifying an optimal ..... Once the subspace step has been computed, we enter Step 3 and compute.
Improved Sparsity Thresholds Through Dictionary Splitting
Known sparsity thresholds for basis pursuit to deliver the maximally sparse solution of the compressed sensing recovery problem typically depend on the dictionary's coherence. While the coherence is easy to compute, it can lead to rather pessimistic thresholds as it captures only limited information about the dictionary. In this paper, we show that viewing the dictionary as the concatenation of two general sub-dictionaries leads to provably better sparsity thresholds--that are explicit in the coherence parameters of the dictionary and of the individual sub-dictionaries. Equivalently, our results can be interpreted as sparsity thresholds for dictionaries that are unions of two general (i.e., not necessarily orthonormal) sub-dictionaries.
Kuppinger, Patrick; B�lcskei, Helmut
Methanation process utilizing split cold gas recycle
In the methanation of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in multiple stages, the feed gas, cold recycle gas and hot product gas is mixed in such proportions that the mixture is at a temperature sufficiently high to avoid carbonyl formation and to initiate the reaction and, so that upon complete reaction of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen, an excessive adiabatic temperature will not be reached. Catalyst damage by high or low temperatures is thereby avoided with a process that utilizes extraordinarily low recycle ratios and a minimum of investment in operating costs.
Tajbl, Daniel G. (Evanston, IL); Lee, Bernard S. (Lincolnwood, IL); Schora, Jr., Frank C. (Palatine, IL); Lam, Henry W. (Rye, NY)
Split-tapered joint clamping device
This invention relates to a clamping device for removably attaching a tool element to a bracket element wherein a bracket element is disposed in a groove in the tool and a clamping member is disposed in said groove and in engagement with a clamping face of the bracket and a wall of the groove and with the clamping member having pivot means engaging the bracket and about which the clamping member rotates.
Olsen, Max J. (North Huntingdon, PA); Schwartz, Jr., John F. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Utilities split on readiness of IGCC
For some generating companies, the dearth of operating experience for integrated gasification combined-cycle plants adds too much uncertainty to the risk/reward equation for new-capacity technology options. For others, the possibility of being able to comply with air pollution limits as far out as 2018, as well as to meet all-but-certain CO{sub 2} caps, makes IGCC well worth investing in now. The article compares the highest-level technical and economic characteristics of IGCC with those of pulverised coal combustion and other generating technologies. It then discusses the availability histories of six successful IGCC demonstration plants, presenting that for the Wabash River plant in some detail. The issue of financing IGCC is addressed. An insert on page 58 summarises a paper by Dave Stopek of Sangent and Lundy presented at Electric Power 2006. This discussed IGCC plant cost and factors to consider in selecting a technology supplier. 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Javetski, J.
A New Apparatus For Long-Term Petrophysical Investigations On...
system allows investigations with highly saline formation fluids. Rock permeability, electrical conductivity as well as compressional- and shear-wave velocities can be...
Microseismicity and 3-D Mapping of an Active Geothermal Field...
Shear wave polarization indicates that the active,fluid-filled fracture system trends SW-NE, consistent with the orientation of the LERZ. Double difference relocation...
constrictions (plaque and intimal hyperplasia) · Sonic wave propagation in biological tissue is more complex · Generate shear waves in the tissue · Apply magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to capture shear wave motion wave through agarose gel Biological Signal Detection for Protein Function Prediction Investigators
Cengarle, María Victoria
and Application on Tight Sands Explo- ration wavelength of shear waves in their study). A case study with PS VSP imaging, particularly for tight sand1 #12;SHEAR-WAVE SOURCED 3-D VSP IMAGING OF TIGHT-GAS SANDSTONES IN RULISON FIELD, COLORADO
collab meeting-5-1_split.xls
Zeroth order agenda Zeroth order agenda SNAP Collaboration Meeting 6, 7, and 8 June, 2005 Plenary 9:00am SNAP Progress (30) Saul/Levi Project Status (30) Heetderks CCD development Holland 10:30am Break (30) 11:00am CCD assembly Baltay NIR development Tarle Focal Plane Bebek Telescope/ TMA-68 Lampton 12:30pm Lunch (90) 2:00pm Dark Energy Task Force (15) Cahn SDT Panel Discussion (30) Baltay SN Factory (30) Aldering Computing (30) McKee 3:30pm Break (30) 4:00pm Electronics Hvd Lippe Calibration Deustua Spectrograph Demo Ealet 6:00pm reception @ Henry's Monday Tuesday Parallel 1 Parallel 2 Parallel 3 NIR 1 Tarle W / L, Simulation, & LSST Sim Team Rhodes Tests of Raytheon HgCdTe SRA #141(15+3) Brown Tests of Rockwell Banded Array FPA#25 (15+3) Schubnell NIR Detector Noise (15+3) Smith GSFC (10+2) Woodgate Status of InGaAs Testing at JPL(10+2)
general does not impose any requirement on the structure of the matrix, and (iii) when Bii is chosen properly (for example lower triangular), solving our nonlinear.
Multilevel splitting for reachability analysis of stochastic hybrid systems
Biochemical research is increasingly using formal modeling, simulation, and analysis methods to improve the understanding of complex systems. Probabilistic analysis techniques such as Monte Carlo methods can be used to determine reachability or safety ... Keywords: Monte Carlo, stochastic hybrid systems, variance reduction
Derek Riley; Xenofon Koutsoukos; Kasandra Riley
A scalable MPI_Comm_split algorithm for exascale computing
Existing algorithms for creating communicators in MPI programs will not scale well to future exascale supercomputers containing millions of cores. In this work, we present a novel communicator-creation algorithm that does scale well into millions of ...
Paul Sack; William Gropp
Solar Water Splitting: Photocatalyst Materials Discovery and Systems Development
Hydrogen promises to be an attractive transportation fuel in the post-fossil fuel era. Relatively abundant and clean burning (water being the principal byproduct), hydrogen offers the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are significant technical barriers that require solutions before hydrogen can be implemented in large scale. These are: � Sources (e.g. hydrocarbon, water) � Transportation � Storage Each of the aforementioned barriers carries with it important considerations. First, would a hydrocarbon-based hydrogen source be of any benefit compared to conventional fossil fuels? Second, will a system based on centralized generation and distribution be viable? Finally, methods of on-board storage, whether they are liquefaction, adsorption, or intercalation, are far from optimized. The scope of this program is limited to hydrogen generation, specifically generation using solarinitiated water electrolysis. Though concept of making hydrogen using water and sunlight may sound somewhat far-fetched, in reality the concept is very real. Since the discovery of solar-generated hydrogen, termed photoelectrochemical hydrogen, nearly 30 years ago by Fujishima and Honda, significant advances in both fundamental understanding and technological capability have been made. Using solar radiation to generate hydrogen in a fashion akin to using solar to generate electricity offers many advantages. First, hydrogen can be generated at the point of use, reducing the importance of transportation. Second, using water as the hydrogen source eliminates greenhouse gas evolution and the consequences that come with it. Finally, because the process uses very little electricity (pumps and compressors predominantly), the quantity of chemical fuel produced far exceeds the amount of electricity consumed. Consequently, there is some level of truth to the notion that photoelectrochemically-derived hydrogen offers the potential to nearly eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation landscape. This report focuses primarily on the technical issues inherent to developing an economically viable photoelectrochemical hydrogen system. This involves research intended to address technology gaps as well as research to address commercial feasibility. Though a firm cost target is not identified explicitly, much of the economics are presented in terms of �dollars per gallon of gasoline equivalent� ($/gge). Obviously this is a moving target, but it is important to understand cost in terms of current gasoline pricing, since the intended target is gasoline replacement. However, this does put the cost contribution into a perspective that at least allows for a reasonable assessment of technological viability. It also allows for the identification of need areas beyond the obvious technology gaps.
McNulty, Thomas F.
White Papers on Materials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
viable from a stable and efficient material with an absorber cost of 150m 2 . Light emitting diode III-V synthesis has seen a dramatic reduction in semiconductor cost by...
temperatures, relative humidity (RH), and air flows. This report focuses on methods to cost-effectively estimate these parameters, particularly indoor head air flow. Data points...
Alternative anodic reactions in water splitting. Final report
An anodic depolarization path to hydrogen production through water electrolysis has been examined, using lignite, grass and household wastes. Iron was removed from lignite by extensive washing. The degree of dissolution of lignite in 5 M H/sub 2/So/sub 4/ at 100/sup 0/C is ca. 0.1 wt %. Washed lignite dissolves less than unwashed material. Cyclic voltammograms showed peaks arising from dissolved organics. Increase of temperature produced more peaks. In alkaline solution, peaks disappeared. Oxidation currents were three times greater if the lignite particles were in contact with the electrode compared with their absence from solution. Platinum anodes oxidized lignite better than PbO/sub 2/. Redox systems, added to the electrolyte, helped compound formation. Grass and household wastes gave similar results but lower oxidation currents. Compounds present in solution prior to electrolysis dissolve off the internal surfaces of lignite particles. Increased oxidation currents, caused when lignite particles came in contact with the anode, arose, not because of enhanced electrochemical reactions, but from enhanced lignite dissolution following erosion. The organic compounds eventually form CO/sub 2/; the presence of heavy oils lasts for 10 hr. Current densities up to 750 mA cm/sup -2/ at ca. 1 V should be obtainable. The hydrocarbons are formed via a Kolbe mechanism from carboxylic acids. Speculative economic considerations show that the final cost of hydrogen produced, using lignite as an anode depolarizer, is considerably cheaper than that from natural gas: $0.40 per GJ, or less, compared to $5 per GJ.
Murphy, O.J.; Bockris, J. O'M.
Update formulas for split-plot and block designs
For the algorithmic construction of optimal experimental designs, it is important to be able to evaluate small modifications of given designs in terms of the optimality criteria at a low computational cost. This can be achieved by using powerful update ...
Heidi Arnouts; Peter Goos
SplittingHeirs: inferring haplotypes by optimizing resultant dense graphs
Phasing genotype data to identify the composite haplotype pairs is a widely-studied problem due to its value for understanding genetic contributions to diseases, population genetics research, and other significant endeavors. The accuracy of the phasing ...
Sharlee Climer; Alan R. Templeton; Weixiong Zhang
Spin Splitting and Spin Current in Strained Bulk Semiconductors
We present a theory for two recent experiments in bulk strained semiconductors and show that a new, previously overlooked, strain spin-orbit coupling term may play a fundamental role. We propose simple experiments that could clarify the origin of strain-induced spin-orbit coupling terms in inversion asymmetric semiconductors. We predict that a uniform magnetization parallel to the electric field will be induced in the samples studied in for specific directions of the applied electric field. We also propose special geometries to detect spin currents in strained semiconductors.
Bernevig, B.Andrei; Zhang, Shou-Cheng; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - A New Tool to Split X...
with precisely controlled timing, allowing scientists to trigger and measure specific ultrafast changes in atoms and molecules. (Click to view larger image.) This soft X-ray...
Dealer: application-aware request splitting for interactive cloud applications
Deploying interactive applications in the cloud is a challenge due to the high variability in performance of cloud services. In this paper, we present Dealer-- a system that helps geo-distributed, interactive and multi-tier applications meet their ... Keywords: cloud computing, geo-distribution, interactiv emulti-tier applications, performance variability, request redirection, service level agreement (SLA)
Mohammad Hajjat; Shankaranarayanan P. N; David Maltz; Sanjay Rao; Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai
Split-ballot voting: everlasting privacy with distributed trust
In this paper we propose a new voting protocol with desirable security properties. The voting stage of the protocol can be performed by humans without computers; it provides every voter with the means to verify that all the votes were counted correctly ...
Tal Moran; Moni Naor
TrustSplit: usable confidentiality for social network messaging
It is well known that online social networking sites (OSNs) such as Facebook pose risks to their users' privacy. OSNs store vast amounts of users' private data and activities and therefore subject the user to the risk of undesired disclosure. The regular ... Keywords: confidentiality, privacy, social networks, symmetric encryption, usability
Sascha Fahl; Marian Harbach; Thomas Muders; Matthew Smith
Chemically Modified Metal Oxide Nanostructure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
nanoparticle seeded indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrate usingarrays were grown on an indium-tin oxide substrate followedof a double-sided indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate
Wang, Gongming
Rapid Depolarization of Poled Ferroelectric Ceramics Using a Split ...
... such as energy harvesting, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons designed to disrupt or ... Fabrication of Parts for Nuclear Reactors by Explosive Compaction.
3 Double-sided CdS and CdSe Quantum Dot Co-sensitized ZnO3. �Double-sided CdS and CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized ZnO45 Double-sided CdS and CdSe Quantum Dot Co-sensitized ZnO
cell. Figure 1.2 solar spectrum Figure 1.3 semiconductorvery small in the whole solar spectrum. Theoretically, theNumber of photons in solar spectrum, versus photon energy. (
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); University of Basel, Switzerland; and ALS); J. Zhu and L. Zhang (National Synchrotron Radiation...
Fabrication of double split metallic nanorings for Raman sensing
We describe the fabrication and characterisation of arrays of metallic plasmon resonant nanorings, each of which are formed from two semicircles of different radius. We show that using a dual semicircle structure defined by electron beam lithography ... Keywords: Electron beam lithography, Localized surface plasmon
Alison Cleary; Alasdair Clark; Andrew Glidle; Jonathan M. Cooper; David Cumming
Cost of not splitting in routing: characterization and estimation
This paper studies the performance difference of joint routing and congestion control when either single-path routes or multipath routes are used. Our performance metric is the total utility achieved by jointly optimizing transmission rates using congestion ... Keywords: duality gap, multipath routing, performance gap, single-path routing, sparse representation, utility optimization
Meng Wang; Chee Wei Tan; Weiyu Xu; Ao Tang
FDD Applied to a Residential Split System Heat Pump
* Real-time sampling of feature values requires a steady-state detector : outdoor or condenser air dry-bulb temperature : indoor or evaporator air dry-bulb temperature : indoor or...
Istanbul Mitilini Kusadasi Mykonos Athens Argostoli Corfu Dubrovnik Split Venice
Fuel Surcharge may apply. All fares and offers are subject to availability, may not be combinable AGREEMENT. PRICES: GN RESERVES THE RIGHT TO INCREASE PRICES IN THE EVENT OF ANY INCREASED SECURITY OR FUEL RELATED SURCHARGES, OR FARE INCREASES IMPOSED BY THE AIRLINE OR CRUISE LINE THAT MAY BE IN PLACE
Raina, Ramesh
Identifying Efficiency Degrading Faults in Split Air Conditioning Systems
Studies estimate that as much as 50% of packaged air conditioning systems operate in faulty conditions that degrade system efficiency. Common faults include: under- and over-charged systems (too much or too little refrigerant), faulty expansions valves (stuck valves, valve hunting, poorly tuned valve controllers), and fouled evaporators and condensers. Furthermore, air conditioning systems can often be adjusted to improve efficiency while continuing to meet cooling loads (adjusting system pressures, decreasing superheat setpoints). This study presents the design of a low cost device that can non-invasively measure system operating conditions, diagnose faults, estimate potential energy savings, and provide recommendations on how the system should be adjusted or repaired. Using eight external temperature measurements, the device potentially can detect and diagnose up to ten faults commonly found in HVAC systems. Steady state temperatures are compared to threshold values obtained from literature and HVAC manufacturers to detect and determine the severity of faults and subsequent reductions in coefficient of performance. Preliminary tests reveal the potential for the device to detect and diagnose common efficiency-degrading faults in HVAC systems.
Terrill, T. J.; Brown, M. L.; Cheyne, R. W. Jr.; Cousins, A. J.; Daniels, B. P.; Erb, K. L.; Garcia, P. A.; Leutermann, M. J.; Nel, A. J.; Robert, C. L.; Widger, S. B.; Williams, A. G.; Rasmussen, B. P.
An inexact parallel splitting augmented Lagrangian method for large ...
puting for variational inequalities, Glowinski [13], Fukushima [10] and He [16] have many useful resluts. Consider the variational inequalities with two separable�...
A direct splitting method for nonsmooth variational inequalities
Soviet Math. Doklady. 27, 511-517 (1983). 36. Fukushima, M.: A Relaxed projection for variational inequalities. Math. Programming. 35, 58-70 (1986)
zone or room, which is controlled by its own thermostat. More Information Visit the Energy Saver website for more information about the advantages and disadvantages of ductless,...
Splitting the Ties: The Privatization of British Rail
Privatization of British Rail � M E Z - I B A � � E Z B Y Jand equipment to provide rail trans- portation service.functions needed to offer rail service within their region.
Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A.
Characterization of split ends function during Drosophila eye development
Conserved signal transduction pathways coordinate all aspects of metazoan development, including cell fate specification, differentiation, and growth. Rather than functioning as completely independent modules, signaling ...
Doroquez, David Bagon
resides in a large protein complex, called photosystem II, found in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The international team was led by scientists from LBNL, and...
Split-flow regeneration in absorptive air separation
A chemical absorptive separation of air in multiple stage of absorption and desorption is performed with partial recycle of absorbent between stages of desorption necessary to match equilibrium conditions in the various stages of absorption. This allows reduced absorbent flow, reduced energy demand and reduced capital costs. 4 figs.
Weimer, R.F.
Ajmo splite: come on split! tell us what you think!
Technology has often been utilized to address the needs of specific communities. Understanding how technology could be incorporated into solutions for sustainable tourism is a particularly interesting design challenge. This paper describes how we tried ... Keywords: children, interaction design, mobile communication, participatory design, political design and public displays, tourism
L. Baillie; A. Philips; J. Roberts; S. Lindquist; O. Sandor
Matrix autoregressive analysis of free-oscillation coupling and splitting
.162 33 8.1 97 Irian Jaya 1996.048 33 24.1 103 Minahassa Peninsula, Celebes 1996.001 24 7.8 91 Kuril
Laske, Gabi
Convergence analysis for a primal-dual monotone + skew splitting ...
Nov 7, 2012 ... Figure (a) shows the clean 256 � 256 cameraman test image, (b) .... Figure (a) shows the 240 � 256 clean fruits image, (b) shows the same�...
Issue and Improvement Measure of Multi-split Air Conditioner
Existing problems of traditional air source variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air-conditioning system are analyzed. The disadvantages of traditional VRF air-conditioning system are described in detail: 1) its properties are seriously affected by outdoor ... Keywords: energy saving, simulation, variable refrigerant flow air conditioning, water loop
Sun Tingting; Ni Long; Yao Yang; Ma Zuiliang; Yi Lingli
January 28-30, 2002, 112002 Document Number: Unavailable DOI: Unavailable Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (2002-2005) Coso Geothermal Area Retrieved from "http:...
Attenuation structure of Coso geothermal area, California, from...
Number: Unavailable DOI: Unavailable Source: View Original Journal Article Micro-Earthquake At Coso Geothermal Area (1996) Coso Geothermal Area Retrieved from "http:...
Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal...
Microearthquakes in the geothermal field are proposed as indicators of shear fracturing associated with fluid injection and circulation along major pre-existing fractures....
IMPROVED METHODS FOR MAPPING PERMEABILITY AND HEAT SOURCES IN GEOTHERMAL AREAS USING MICROEARTHQUAKE DATA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference...
A Coordinated Exploration Program for Geothermal Sources on the...
east rift of Kilauea. The surveys carried out over the east rift included magnetic, gravity, and electrical surveys by various methods: microearthquake, surveillance,...
Oil Recovery Enhancement from Fractured, Low Permeability Reservoirs. [Carbonated Water
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
The results of the investigative efforts for this jointly funded DOE-State of Texas research project achieved during the 1990-1991 year may be summarized as follows: Geological Characterization - Detailed maps of the development and hierarchical nature the fracture system exhibited by Austin Chalk outcrops were prepared. The results of these efforts were directly applied to the development of production decline type curves applicable to a dual-fracture-matrix flow system. Analysis of production records obtained from Austin Chalk operators illustrated the utility of these type curves to determine relative fracture/matrix contributions and extent. Well-log response in Austin Chalk wells has been shown to be a reliable indicator of organic maturity. Shear-wave splitting concepts were used to estimate fracture orientations from Vertical Seismic Profile, VSP data. Several programs were written to facilitate analysis of the data. The results of these efforts indicated fractures could be detected with VSP seismic methods. Development of the EOR Imbibition Process - Laboratory displacement as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI and Computed Tomography, CT imaging studies have shown the carbonated water-imbibition displacement process significantly accelerates and increases recovery from oil saturated, low permeability rocks. Field Tests - Two operators amenable to conducting a carbonated water flood test on an Austin Chalk well have been identified. Feasibility studies are presently underway.
Poston, S. W.
Combined seismic and hydraulic method of modeling flow in fractured low permeability rocks
Modeling flow of ground water in hard rocks where a network of fractures provides the dominant flow paths is a major problem. This paper summarizes a program of investigations currently underway in this laboratory to characterize the geometry of fractured rocks and develop methods of handling flow in such systems. Numerical models have been developed to investigate flow behavior in two- and three-dimensional fracture networks. The results demonstrate the insights that can be gained from modeling studies of fractured rocks. A key problem is gathering the necessary data on fracture geometry. Investigations have been started to determine how vertical seismic profiling (VSP) might be improved and applied to this problem. A VSP experiment in The Geysers geothermal field in northern California, where fracture orientation is known, produced shear wave splitting and velocity anisotropy in agreement with theory. The results suggest the potential application of 3-component, multi-source VSP data in determining fracture orientation and average spacing. We believe a combination of seismic and hydraulic methods can greatly enhance an understanding of fluid flow and transport in low permeability rock systems where fractures provide the dominant paths. 40 refs, 16 figs., 4 tabs.
Witherspoon, P.A.; Long, J.C.S.; Majer, E.L.; Myer, L.R.
Mineralogical effects on the detectability of the postperovskite boundary
The discovery of a phase transition in Mg-silicate perovskite (Pv) to postperovskite (pPv) at lowermost mantle pressure-temperature (P - T) conditions may provide an explanation for the discontinuous increase in shear wave ...
Grocholski, Brent
IMPROVED METHODS FOR MAPPING PERMEABILITY AND HEAT SOURCES IN GEOTHERMAL IMPROVED METHODS FOR MAPPING PERMEABILITY AND HEAT SOURCES IN GEOTHERMAL AREAS USING MICROEARTHQUAKE DATA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: IMPROVED METHODS FOR MAPPING PERMEABILITY AND HEAT SOURCES IN GEOTHERMAL AREAS USING MICROEARTHQUAKE DATA Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Geothermal microearthquakes, and the seismic waves they generate, provide a rich source of information about physical processes associated with Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) experiments and other geothermal operations. With support from the Dept. of Energy, we are developing several software packages to enhance the utility of microearthquake data in geothermal operations and EGS experiments. Two of these are: 1. Enhanced
Characterization of Induced Seismicity in a Petroleum Reservoir: A Case Study
Fluid production and injection in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs generally results in induced seismic activity. In this paper we study the microseismic activity in a petroleum field in Oman. The microearthquake data ...
Sze, Edmond
Rock failure during massive hydraulic stimulation of the Baca location geothermal reservoir
The analyses of microearthquake signals occurring during hydraulic stimulation provide an estimate of the size and location of the fractures thus produced. Studies of microearthquakes occurring during two large (> 10/sup 3/m/sup 3/) hydraulic stimulations of the hydrothermal reservoir at the Baca Location in the Jemez Mountains of northeastern New Mexico are reported. Both stimulations consisted of water, viscosity enhancer, and proppant. The microearthquake event rate was low but variable throughout most of the treatment. Rock failure as indicated by the distribution of the microearthquakes' foci appeared restricted to a nearly vertical NE striking zone. This orientation is in good agreement with the local earth stresses inferred from geological considerations. The second stimulation which occurred in a neighboring well was similar to the first except for a larger injected volume. The lateral extent of the detected fracture system was 600 m in both stimulations.
Pearson, C.; Keppler, H.; Albright, J.; Potter, R.
Location of hydraulic fractures using microseismic techniques
Microearthquakes with magnitudes ranging between -6 and -2 have been observed in three successive massive injections of water at the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy demonstration site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The injection was part of a program to increase the heat transfer area of hydraulic fractures and to decrease the flow-through impedance between wells. The microearthquakes were used in mapping the location of the extended hydraulic fractures. A downhole triaxial system positioned approximately 200 m vertically above the injection point in a shut-in production well was used for detection. The microearthquakes occurred in a north-northwest striking zone 400 m in length passing through the injection point. During a third substantially larger injection, microearthquakes occurred in a dispersed volume at distances as great as 800 m from the zone active in the first two injections.
Albright, J.A.; Pearson, C.F.
A Split-Decoding Message Passing Algorithm for Low Density Parity Check Decoders
processing of the first row using a standard decoding (SPAthe first row processing step using a standard decoding (SPAwith high row weights. Compared to standard (MinSum and SPA)
Mohsenin, Tinoosh; Baas, Bevan M.
Single element spectral splitting solar concentrator for multiple cells CPV system
Shockley Read Hall equation poses a limit to the maximum conversion efficiency of broadband solar radiation attainable by means of a single bandgap converter. A possible approach to overcome such a limit is to convert ...
Stefancich, Marco
Sustained H2 Production Driven by Photosynthetic Water Splitting in a Unicellular Cyanobacterium
Continuously illuminated nitrogen-deprived Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 evolved H2 via dinitrogenase at rates up to 400 ?mol�mg Chl-1�h-1 in parallel with photosynthetic O2 production. Notably, sustained co-production of H2 and O2 occurred over 100 h in the presence of CO2, with both gases displaying inverse oscillations which eventually dampened to stable rates. Oscillations were not observed when CO2 was omitted, while H2 and O2 evolution rates were positively correlated. In situ light saturation analyses of H2 production displayed dose-dependence and lack of O2 inhibition. Inactivation of photosystem II had substantial long-term effects but did not affect the short-term H2 production indicating that the process is also supported by photosystem I activity and oxidation of endogenous glycogen. Collectively, our results demonstrate that uninterrupted H2 production in unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria can be fueled by water photolysis without the detrimental effects of O2 and have important implications for sustainable production of biofuels.
Melnicki, Matthew R.; Pinchuk, Grigoriy E.; Hill, Eric A.; Kucek, Leo A.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Konopka, Allan; Beliaev, Alex S.
Local Mass Conservation and Velocity Splitting in PV-Based Balanced Models. Part II: Numerical Results
The effects of enforcing local mass conservation on the accuracy of non-Hamiltonian potential-vorticity- based balanced models (PBMs) are examined numerically for a set of chaotic shallow-water f-plane vortical flows in a doubly periodic square ...
Ali R. Mohebalhojeh; Michael E. McIntyre
Elliptic flow splitting as a probe of the QCD phase structure at finite baryon chemical potential
Using a partonic transport model based on the 3-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and a relativistic hadronic transport model to describe, respectively, the evolution of the initial partonic and the final hadronic phase of heavy-ion collisions at energies carried out in the Beam-Energy Scan program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we have studied the effects of both the partonic and hadronic mean-field potentials on the elliptic flow of particles relative to that of their antiparticles. We find that to reproduce the measured relative elliptic flow differences between nucleons and antinucleons as well as between kaons and antikaons requires a vector coupling constant as large as 0.5 to 1.1 times the scalar coupling constant in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Implications of our results in understanding the QCD phase structure at finite baryon chemical potential are discussed.
Jun Xu; Taesoo Song; Che Ming Ko; Feng Li
Direct observation of spin splitting in bismuth surface states T. Hirahara,1,
, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 2 Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 3Nano System Functionality Center, National Institute for MaterialsHiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739
Hasegawa, Shuji
Photon-Number-Splitting-attack resistant Quantum Key Distribution Protocols without sifting
We propose a family of sifting-less quantum-key-distribution protocols which use reverse-reconciliation, and are based on weak coherent pulses (WCPs) polarized along m different directions. When m=4, the physical part of the protocol is identical to most experimental implementations of BB84 and SARG04 protocols and they differ only in classical communications and data processing. We compute their total keyrate as function of the channel transmission T, using general information theoretical arguments and we show that they have a higher keyrate than the more standard protocols, both for fixed and optimized average photon number of the WCPs. When no decoy-state protocols (DSPs) are applied, the scaling of the keyrate with transmission is improved from T2 for BB84 to T^(1+1/(m-2)). If a DSP is applied, we show how the keyrates scale linearly with T, with an improvement of the prefactor by 75.96 % for m=4. High values of $ m $ allow to asymptotically approach the keyrate obtained with ideal single photon pulses. The fact that the keyrates of these sifting-less protocols are higher compared to those of the aforementioned more standard protocols show that the latter are not optimal, since they do not extract all the available secret key from the experimental correlations.
Fabio Grazioso; Fr�d�ric Grosshans
A high-order kinetic flux-splitting method for the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
In this paper we extend the special relativistic hydrodynamic (SRHD) equations [L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon, New York, 1987] and as a limiting case the ultra-relativistic hydrodynamic equations [M. Kunik, S. Qamar, G. Warnecke, ... Keywords: 65M99, 76Y05, 85-99, 85A30, Conservation laws, Discontinuous solutions, Hyperbolic systems, Kinetic schemes, MUSCL-type reconstruction, Relativistic MHD equations
Shamsul Qamar; Gerald Warnecke
Structural Changes in the Mn4Ca Cluster and the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Water Splitting
Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) operated by DOE OBES.The SSRL Biomedical Technology program is supported by NIH,Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) on beamline 9-3 at electron
Pushkar, Y.
Assessment of Natural Gas Splitting with a Concentrating Solar Reactor for Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen production via thermal decomposition of methane using a solar reactor is analyzed for two different applications: (1) for a fueling station and (2) for power production. For the fueling station, the selling price of hydrogen is controlled by the high cost of hydrogen storage and compression, combined with storage limitations of the system, which prevents maximum hydrogen production. Two alternate scenarios to lower the hydrogen production cost are evaluated: (1) sending the hydrogen directly to a pipeline network and (2) adding a small electric heater, which provides heat to the solar reactor when the hydrogen supply is low. For power production, the economics of two options for the carbon produced from the solar process are evaluated: (1) selling the carbon black and (2) burning the carbon to produce more power.
Spath, P. L.; Amos, W. A.
Enhancing hydrogen evolution activities in water splitting by tailoring Li+/Ni(OH){<_2}/Pt interfaces.
Improving the sluggish kinetics for the electrochemical reduction of water to molecular hydrogen in alkaline environments is one key to reducing the high overpotentials and associated energy losses in water-alkali and chlor-alkali electrolyzers. We found that a controlled arrangement of nanometer-scale Ni(OH){sub 2} clusters on platinum electrode surfaces manifests a factor of 8 activity increase in catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction relative to state-of-the-art metal and metal-oxide catalysts. In a bifunctional effect, the edges of the Ni(OH){sub 2} clusters promoted the dissociation of water and the production of hydrogen intermediates that then adsorbed on the nearby Pt surfaces and recombined into molecular hydrogen. The generation of these hydrogen intermediates could be further enhanced via Li{sup +}-induced destabilization of the HO-H bond, resulting in a factor of 10 total increase in activity.
Subbaraman, S.; Tripkovic, D.; Strmcnik, D.; Chang, K-C.; Uchimura, M.; Paulikas, A. P.; Stamenkovic, V.; Markovic, N. M. (Materials Science Division); ( NE); (Nissan Res. Ctr.)
Fast, Efficient Isothermal Redox to Split Water or Carbon Dioxide using Solar Energy
research team led by Alan Weimer has developed a technique for a substantially isothermal hercynite cycle, in which the entire reaction cycle is performed isothermally at 1200-1400�C (though the cycle can be performed at temperatures as low as ...
Short-lived binary splits of an excited projectile-like fragment induced by transient deformation
Aligned fragment emission associated with peripheral and midperipheral dissipative collisions of {sup 124}Xe+{sup 124}Sn at E/A=50 MeV is examined. Binary decay of the excited projectile-like fragment (PLF*) is correlated with significant velocity damping from the projectile velocity. Both a forward emission component, attributed to standard statistical emission, and a backward component are observed. The backward component arises from both statistical and dynamical decay processes. This backward component manifests a strong alignment with the direction of the PLF* velocity and is found to depend sensitively on the atomic number of the light fragment, Z{sub L}, and the velocity of the PLF{sup *}. The yield of the backward component is significantly enhanced relative to the forward component. The composition of fragments emitted in the backward direction reveals that a correlation between alignment and neutron excess exists for fragments with Z<8. From the measured asymmetry of the angular distributions, the angular distribution for dynamical fragment emission is deduced. Comparison with a schematic one-dimensional Langevin model allows extraction of both the magnitude and the dependence on Z{sub L} of the transient initial deformation of the PLF*. Fragment emission times of the order of 0.25-1.5x10{sup -21} s are extracted.
McIntosh, A. B.; Hudan, S.; Black, J.; Mercier, D.; Metelko, C. J.; Yanez, R.; Souza, R. T. de; Chbihi, A.; Famiano, M.; Fregeau, M. O.; Gauthier, J.; Moisan, J.; Roy, R.; Bianchin, S.; Schwarz, C.; Trautmann, W. [Department of Chemistry and Indiana University Cyclotron Facility 2401 Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 (United States); GANIL, Caen (France); Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan (United States); Universite Laval, Quebec (Canada); GSI Helmholtzzentrum GmbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt (Germany)
Method for improving the steam splits in a multiple steam injection process
This patent describes a method for enhancing the uniformity of steam distribution in a multiple steam injection system comprising a steam generator, a steam header, a primary steam line connecting the generator to the header, and secondary steam lines connecting the header to steam injection wells. It comprises: injecting a surfactant into the primary steam line, and mixing the surfactant and steam sufficiently so that the surfactant and the steam enter the header as a foam.
Stowe, G.R. III.
Method for improving the steam splits in a multiple steam injection process using multiple steam headers
This patent describes a method for enhancing the uniformity of steam distribution in a multiple steam injection system comprising a steam generator, a primary steam header, at least one secondary steam header, a primary steam line connecting the generator to the primary header, at lease one secondary steam line connecting the primary header to the secondary steam header, and a plurality of tertiary steam lines connecting the secondary steam header to a plurality of stem injection wells. It comprises injecting a surfactant into the primary steam line, mixing the surfactant and steam in the primary steam line sufficiently so that the surfactant and the steam enter the primary steam header as a foam, and mixing the surfactant and steam in the secondary steam lines sufficiently so that the surfactant and the steam enter the secondary steam header as a foam.
Stowe, G.R.
Simulating non-stationary congestion systems using splitting with applications to cyber security
According to the former counterterrorism czar, Richard A. Clarke (2010), our national infrastructure could be severely damaged in 15 minutes by a cyber attack. A worm attack on an Internet Protocol (IP) network is one type of attack that is possible. ...
Martin J. Fischer; Denise M. B. Masi; John F. Shortle; Chun-Hung Chen
Use of oxides in thermochemical water-splitting cycles for solar heat sources. Copper oxides
Several oxides can be decomposed to oxygen and a lower oxide at temperatures that might be feasible with a solar heat source. Heat might be directly transmitted to the solid through an air window, rather than quartz, with release of oxygen to the atmosphere. The cycle utilizing CuO, I/sub 2/, and Mg (OH)/sub 2/ is similar to the previous Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/ - CoO cycle. We are concentrating on the reformation of CuO. At 448 K the rate is favorable; for example, the yield rises about linearly with time to 92% at 1.17 h and more slowly thereafter. The only difficulty is the formation of CuI as a metastable intermediate. The oxidation of CuI is thermodynamically very favorable, but its rate limits completion. Excess Mg(OH)/sub 2/ appears to increase the rate but not to the point where IO/sub 3//sup -/ oxidation of CuI competes with oxidation of Cu/sub 2/O. Nevertheless, the batch runs suggest that about 98% of the maximum possible MgI/sub 2/ could be formed. Cuprous iodide complexes formed in the concentrated MgI/sub 2/ may give the necessary improvement by providing a solution path for their oxidation by iodate. Work of others pertaining to the cycle is briefly discussed.
Jones, W.M.; Bowman, M.G.
Bandgap Engineering of 1-Dimensional Nitride and Oxynitride Materials for Solar Water Splitting
to cathodic potentials indicate that IrO x co-catalysts arecatalyst loading on hematite photoanodes can shift current-voltage curves to more cathodic
Hahn, Christopher
Classical two-split interference effects in double photoionization of molecular hydrogen at high energies
The authors report a thorough theoretical study of one photon double ionization of H{sub 2}. They suggest that interference effects reported in one photon ionization will be reproducible in the case of double ionization when one of the photons carriers most of the available energy and the other electron is not observed. These calculations reproduce recent double photoionization experiments of H{sub 2}.
Horner, Daniel A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Miyabe, S [LBNL; Rescigno, T N [LBNL; Mccurdy, C W [LBNL; Morales, F [MADRID, SPAIN; Martin, F [MADRID, SPAIN
Nucleic acid encoding a self-assembling split-fluorescent protein system
The invention provides a protein labeling and detection system based on self-complementing fragments of fluorescent and chromophoric proteins. The system of the invention is exemplified with various combinations of self-complementing fragments derived from Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), which are used to detect and quantify protein solubility in multiple assay formats, both in vitro and in vivo.
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Cabantous, Stephanie (Los Alamos, NM)
An Exact Calculation of Electron-Ion Energy Splitting in a Hot Plasma
In this brief report, I summarize the rather involved recent work of Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS). In Refs. [2] and [3], BPS calculate the energy partition into ions and electrons as a charged particle traverses a non-equilibrium two-temperature plasma. These results are exact to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling g, and are therefore extremely accurate in a weakly coupled plasma. The new BPS calculations are compared with the more standard work of Fraley et al. [12]. The results differ substantially at higher temperature when T{sub I} {ne} T{sub e}.
Singleton, Robert L [Los Alamos National Laboratory
A primal-dual splitting algorithm for finding zeros of sums of ...
Jun 26, 2012 ... ?Department of Mathematics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, e- mail: email@example.com.
Results of a Field Test Using R-407C in Split System Heat Pumps
This paper discusses the results of a field test to determine implications of an R-407C replacement of R-22. A change of refrigerants precipitates other changes in materials, component selection, and processing. In addition, thermodynamic properties are different. Consequently, the effects on durability, thermal performance, humidity control, servicing, and manufacturability were questioned. The field test addressed many of these questions. Anticipated changes in manufacturing processes were implemented on the production line. Contractors were educated on the differences in the refrigerant. Data were obtained by refrigerant, lubricant, and component tear down analysis. Experiential information was derived from feed back of contractors and home owners, as well as multiple site visits. Generally, the field test has demonstrated that by following a few basic rules, the industry can anticipate use of R-407C with satisfactory results. However, the surprising appearance of a contaminate precipitant indicates the need for more investigation into long term effects.
Boyd, A.
Calibration of METEOSAT Infrared Radiometer using Split Window Channels of NOAA AVHRR
A multispectral/multiangular procedure is proposed to calibrate the infrared channel of METEOSAT-2 IR 1 (760�980 cm?1), using the radiances of NOAA-7 AVHRR channels 4 (870�980 cm?1) and 5 (795�885 cm?1). The METEOSAT radiance can be successfully ...
A. Asem; P. Y. Deschamps; D. Ho
Jet Contrail Identification Using the AVI-IRR Infrared Split Window
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer channels 4 (11 ?m) and 5 (12 ?m) are used together to produce images which greatly enhance contrails. Four steps are required: 1) select coregistered digital data sets from the two channels; 2) convert ...
Thomas F. Lee
Simultaneous Land Surface Temperature�Emissivity Retrieval in the Infrared Split Window
A combined land surface temperature�emissivity retrieval algorithm is developed and tested for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-Imager and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution ...
HYDRGN - a computerized technique for the analysis of thermochemical water-splitting cycles
The HYDRGN computer program was designed to analyze closed thermochemical cycles for the production of hydrogen from water. This report includes the basic theory, assumptions, and methods of calculation used in this analysis along with a description of the program and its use. The source program and necessary data bank are available from the University of Kentucky. These may be obtained by sending a magnetic tape (minimum length 1200 ft) and a written request specifying the type of computer and recording characteristics of the tape. A small fee is charged for the recording and handling of the tape.
Carty, R. H.; Conger, W. L.; Funk, J. E.; Barker, R.
Two for the Price of One: Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting...
Office of Science (SC) Website
"A New Leaf: New Catalyst Boosts Artificial Photosynthesis as a Solar Alternative to Fossil Fuel." ScientificAmerican.com, June 13, 2012. http:www.scientificamerican.com...
Design and Analysis of a Novel Split and Aggregated Transmission Control Protocol for Smart Metering Infrastructure.
??Utility companies (electricity, gas, and water suppliers), governments, and researchers recognize an urgent need to deploy communication-based systems to automate data collection from smart meters� (more)
Khalifa, Tarek
An engineered split M.HhaI-zinc finger fusion lacks the intended methyltransferase specificity
The ability to site-specifically methylate DNA in vivo would have wide applicability to the study of basic biomedical problems as well as enable studies on the potential of site-specific DNA methylation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. Natural DNA methyltransferases lack the specificity required for these applications. Nomura and Barbas [W. Nomura, C.F. Barbas 3rd, In vivo site-specific DNA methylation with a designed sequence-enabled DNA methylase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 8676-8677] have reported that an engineered DNA methyltransferase comprised of fragments of M.HhaI methyltransferase and zinc finger proteins has very high specificity for the chosen target site. Our analysis of this engineered enzyme shows that the fusion protein methylates target and non-target sites with similar efficiency.
Meister, Glenna E. [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan [Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 (United States); Ostermeier, Marc [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
On the convergence rate improvement of a primal-dual splitting ...
Mar 12, 2013 ... already provided in [6], whereby the reported numerical experiments emphasize the ad- ... The aim of this paper is to provide modified versions of the algorithm proposed ...... closed interval from 0 (pure black) to 1 (pure white).
Hadronic Light-by-Light Scattering in the Muonium Hyperfine Splitting
We consider an impact of hadronic light-by-light scattering on the muonium hyperfine structure. A shift of the hyperfine interval $\\Delta \
S. G. Karshenboim; V. A. Shelyuto; A. I. Vainshtein
NREL Documents Efficiency of Mini-Split Heat Pumps (Fact Sheet...
MSHPs for any building and climate. Some conclusions comparing the tested units to high-SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) staged systems are also provided. Potential Impact...
Lattice-free sets, multi-branch split disjunctions, and mixed-integer ...
By analyzing -dimensional lattice-free sets, we prove that for every integer ... in lattice-free sets as a way to generate cutting planes for mixed-integer programs�...
Wedge: Splitting Applications into Reduced-Privilege Compartments Andrea Bittau Petr Marchenko Mark Handley Brad Karp
· early CFD activities at HFIR · cold-source (and other upgrades)CFD activities at HFIR · LEU Conversion this then at a research reactor ? · 1991 started at HFIR · 1992 graduation · ~ 2003 COMSOL becomes the tool of choice (Freels) Early CFD Activities at HFIR #12;Freels ,CFD Colloquium at UTK,in honor of A, J. Baker, 05
Karp, Brad
Efficient Algorithms for Load Shuffling in Split-Platform AS/RS
We address the issue of shuffling loads in Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) in this paper. The objective is to pre-sort the loads into any specified locations in order to minimize the response time of retrievals. ...
Hu, Yahong
Improvements on open and traction boundary conditions for Navier-Stokes time-splitting methods
We present in this paper a numerical scheme for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with open and traction boundary conditions, in the framework of pressure-correction methods. A new way to enforce this type of boundary condition is proposed and provides ... Keywords: Bifurcated tube, Fractional step methods, Navier-Stokes equations, Open boundary condition, Pressure boundary condition, Pressure-correction methods, Projection methods, Square cylinder, Traction boundary condition
A. Poux; S. Glockner; M. Aza�ez
Precipitable Water Estimation from High-Resolution Split Window Radiance Measurements
A technique that uses the spatial variance of image brightness temperature to derive total column Precipitable water is applied to high-resolution multispectral aircraft scanner data for the 19 June 1986 COHMEX day. The technique has several ...
Gary J. Jedlovec
Caustic Recycle from Hanford Tank Waste Using NaSICON Ceramic Membrane Salt Splitting Process
A family of inorganic ceramic materials, called sodium (Na) Super Ion Conductors (NaSICON), has been studied at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to investigate their ability to separate sodium from radioactively contaminated sodium salt solutions for treating U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) tank wastes. Ceramatec Inc. developed and fabricated a membrane containing a proprietary NAS-GY material formulation that was electrochemically tested in a bench-scale apparatus with both a simulant and a radioactive tank-waste solution to determine the membrane performance when removing sodium from DOE tank wastes. Implementing this sodium separation process can result in significant cost savings by reducing the disposal volume of low-activity wastes and by producing a NaOH feedstock product for recycle into waste treatment processes such as sludge leaching, regenerating ion exchange resins, inhibiting corrosion in carbon-steel tanks, or retrieving tank wastes.
Fountain, Matthew S.; Kurath, Dean E.; Sevigny, Gary J.; Poloski, Adam P.; Pendleton, J.; Balagopal, S.; Quist, M.; Clay, D.
Measuring Smuon-Selectron Mass Splitting at the LHC and Patterns of Supersymmetry Breaking
01 . The enhancement diverges as the slepton mass approaches ei- ther neutralino mass. The benefits of the enhancement may be diluted for highly degenerate spectra by the fact that leptons coming from such chains will tend to be softer and thus harder...
Allanach, B C; Conlon, Jo; Lester, Christopher G
Radiometric Observations of Supercooled Liquid Water within a Split Front over the Sierra Nevada
A storm bearing close structural resemblance to a katafront was observed from the ground with microwave radiometry and a vertically pointing Ka-band radar over the Sierra Nevada of California. The onset and duration of supercooled liquid water ...
Mark F. Heggli; David W. Reynolds
Split and Join: Strong Partitions and Universal Steiner Trees for Graphs
We study the problem of constructing universal Steiner trees for undirected graphs. Given a graph $G$ and a root node $r$, we seek a single spanning tree $T$ of minimum stretch, where the stretch of $T$ is defined to be the maximum ratio, over all subsets of terminals $X$, of the ratio of the cost of the sub-tree $T_X$ that connects $r$ to $X$ to the cost of an optimal Steiner tree connecting $X$ to $r$. Universal Steiner trees (USTs) are important for data aggregation problems where computing the Steiner tree from scratch for every input instance of terminals is costly, as for example in low energy sensor network applications. We provide a polynomial time UST construction for general graphs with $2^{O(\\sqrt{\\log n})}$-stretch. We also give a polynomial time polylogarithmic-stretch construction for minor-free graphs. One basic building block in our algorithm is a hierarchy of graph partitions, each of which guarantees small strong cluster diameter and bounded local neighbourhood intersections. Our partition h...
Busch, Costas; Radhakrishnan, Jaikumar; Rajaraman, Rajmohan; Srinivasagopalan, Srivathsan
Evaluating heavy-duty diesel engine aftertreatment devices with a split exhaust configuration.
??West Virginia University evaluated diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and lean-NOx catalysts as part of the Diesel Emissions Control-Sulfur Effects (DECSE) program. In order to perform� (more)
Corrigan, Eric R.
FY07 LDRD Final Report Precision, Split Beam, Chirped-Pulse, Seed Laser Technology
The goal of this LDRD ER was to develop a robust and reliable technology to seed high-energy laser systems with chirped pulses that can be amplified to kilo-Joule energies and recompressed to sub-picosecond pulse widths creating extremely high peak powers suitable for petawatt class physics experiments. This LDRD project focused on the development of optical fiber laser technologies compatible with the current long pulse National Ignition Facility (NIF) seed laser. New technologies developed under this project include, high stability mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber based techniques for reduction of compressed pulse pedestals and prepulses, new compact stretchers based on chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), new techniques for manipulation of chirped pulses prior to amplification and new high-energy fiber amplifiers. This project was highly successful and met virtually all of its goals. The National Ignition Campaign has found the results of this work to be very helpful. The LDRD developed system is being employed in experiments to engineer the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) front end and the fully engineered version of the ARC Front End will employ much of the technology and techniques developed here.
Dawson, J W; Messerly, M J; Phan, H H; Crane, J K; Beach, R J; Siders, C W; Barty, C J
Issue 1: Residents Split on the State of the Region's Economy
related to the state of the economy. The sampling error mayState of the Region�s Economy I NTRODUCTION Public opinionstate of the regional economy. This is not sur- prising
Ong, Paul M.; Haselhoff, Kim
Energy conversion based on molecular excited states: Redox splitting in soluble polymers. Final report
A general method was developed for preparing complexes of Ru(II) with three different bidentate ligands; it is being extended to monodentate ligands for more synthetic versatility. This method was used to prepare a series of complexes with pre-designed absorption properties, with the goal of ``black absorbers`` for use as antenna chromophores in a light-to-chemical energy conversion array. The energy gap law for nonradiative decay was studied for preparing near-IR luminophores with long excited state lifetimes. The problem of destructive dd excited states in Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes was focused on, with success in preparing an extremely photo-inert complex with monodentate pyridine ligands. Time-resolved resonance Raman and infrared spectroscopy were used to study subtle excited state properties of complexes of Ru(II), Os(II), and Re(I). Success was achieved in controlled immobilization of d{sup 6} chromophores and quenchers on styrenic polymers. Having perfected our synthetic technique, we have begun to optimize the ground and excited state properties such as chromophore density, dipole orientation, and lifetime.
Meyer, T.J.
A probabilistic analysis of the strength of the split and triangle closures
Oct 21, 2010 ... Their analysis does not consider the important triangles of Type. 3. ..... Let B1 denote the event that no ray of E crosses the open segment�...
A probabilistic comparison of split and type 1 triangle cuts for two ...
Jun 1, 2010 ... In ?COD, |OC| = ?(1 ? f1)2 + (1 ? f2)2, |OD| = ?f2. 1 + (1 ? f2)2 and |CD| = 1. By the law of cosines,. cosZCOD = |OD|2 + |OC|2 ? |CD|2.
Splits stream handlers: deploying application-level services to attached network processors
Modern distributed applications utilize a rich variety of distributed services. Due to the computation-centric notions of modern machines, application-level implementations of these services are problematic for applications requiring high data transfer ...
Ada Gavrilovska / Karsten Schwan
Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
. First, we grow ZnO nanowires on a ZnO nanoparticle seeded indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrate using to the success of hydrogen technology is the efficient generation of hydrogen from a renewable energy source, most of the metal oxides have large bandgap energies, leading to limited light absorption
Li, Yat
NREL Demonstrates Efficient Solar Water Splitting by Metal Oxide Photoabsorber (Fact Sheet)
New development demonstrates that inexpensive and robust metal oxide photoabsorbers hold great promise as photoanodes for water oxidation.
J. A. Jendrzej czyk M. W. Wambsganss
9 9 J. A. Jendrzej czyk M. W. Wambsganss December 1987 SURFACE MEASUREMENTS OF SHE WAVE VELOCITY AT THE 7-GeV APS SITE 1.0 INTRODUCTION .,-... A knowledge of shear wave speeds as a function of site location and soil depth is fundamental to the vibration study of the 7-GeV Experiment Hall foundation supporting the storage ring magnets, insertion devices, and experiments. Among other things, knowledge of the shear wave speed allows one to calculate the shear modulus of elas tici ty of the soil using the relationship G 2 pVS 0) where G is shear modulus of elasticity, p is soil density, and Vs is shear wave speed. The shear modulus, in turn, is one of the mos t important parameters in performing a dynamic analysis of the response of the foundation to both external excitation (ground motion) and excitation sources internal to
Reflection Survey | Open Energy Information
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Reflection Survey Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Reflection Survey Details Activities (35) Areas (22) Regions (2) NEPA(3) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Active Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Magnetically applied pressure-shear : a new technique for direct strength measurement at high pressure (final report for LDRD project 117856).
A new experimental technique to measure material shear strength at high pressures has been developed for use on magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) drive pulsed power platforms. By applying an external static magnetic field to the sample region, the MHD drive directly induces a shear stress wave in addition to the usual longitudinal stress wave. Strength is probed by passing this shear wave through a sample material where the transmissible shear stress is limited to the sample strength. The magnitude of the transmitted shear wave is measured via a transverse VISAR system from which the sample strength is determined.
Lamppa, Derek C.; Haill, Thomas A.; Alexander, C. Scott; Asay, James Russell
Vertical Seismic Profiling | Open Energy Information
Vertical Seismic Profiling Vertical Seismic Profiling Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Vertical Seismic Profiling Details Activities (4) Areas (3) Regions (1) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Downhole Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Borehole Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Borehole Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Borehole Seismic Techniques | Open Energy Information
Borehole Seismic Techniques Borehole Seismic Techniques Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Borehole Seismic Techniques Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Downhole Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Borehole Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Downhole Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities
Passive Seismic Techniques | Open Energy Information
Passive Seismic Techniques Passive Seismic Techniques Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Passive Seismic Techniques Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(4) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Seismic Techniques | Open Energy Information
Seismic Techniques Seismic Techniques Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Seismic Techniques Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(10) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Geophysical Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Active Seismic Techniques | Open Energy Information
Active Seismic Techniques Active Seismic Techniques Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Active Seismic Techniques Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Nature Macmillan Publishers Ltd 1998 letters to nature
that rates of resource use in individual plants scale as approximately the 3/4 power of body mass, which). 25. Fouch, M. J., Fischer, K. M. & Parmentier, E. M. Mantle flow contributions to shear wave of plant energetics and population density Brian J. Enquist*, James H. Brown* & Geoffrey B. West The Santa
Enquist, Brian Joseph
Estimating shallow shear velocities with marine multi-component seismic data
of hundreds of meters, this information remains largely unexploited in oil and gas exploration o shore. We, for exploration seismologists these models would help to improve the shear wave static correction needed in oil and gas exploration e.g., Mari, 1984; Marsden, 1993. This need has grown in impor- tance as multi
Ritzwolle, Mike
TABLE OF CONTENTS A: Rock Physics and Geology. Pressure-solution models and the velocity......................................................... A3 Pressure trends of compressional-and shear-wave velocities measured measured in sands to 20 MPA.....................................................C3 Properties of pore fluids at very high pressures from equations of state. Walls & Dvorkin
Nur, Amos
Keywords: biosensor, finite element method, dispersion relations *Contact: email@example.com
is lower than in the substrate, shear waves will be transmitted into the guiding layer. The guiding layer waves measured by an electric circuit. Our previous work concentrated on the development of mathematical are being varied, can hardly be performed. A way to speed up numerical simulations consists in the usage
Turova, Varvara
high quality displacement tracking at the first stage of signal processing. Examples include quasistatic compression imaging [26, 29], axial shear wave imaging [32] and acoustic radiation force imaging for soft tissue tumours [7, 9, 28], monitoring of atherosclerosis [6], assessment of skin pathologies [8
Gee, Andrew
Geophys. J. Int. (2002) 151, F1F5 FA S T T R AC K PA P E R
of maximum horizontal stress. In contrast, the polarisations of shear-waves at three new stations sited over, are approximately NW to SE, orthogonal to the stress-aligned polarisations elsewhere. Modelling suggests that these 90 -flips in polarisations are caused by propagation through cracks containing fluids at high pore
Edinburgh, University of
Ligand field considerations for the reactivity of high valent metal-oxo complexes and of bimetallic HX splitting photocatalysts
Inorganic molecular complexes are used to probe mechanistic steps in two reaction reactions related to energy storage. The first reaction considered is the O-O bond formation step required for water oxidation to oxygen. ...
Chambers, Matthew Burke
Assessing the Impact of Measurement Policy on the Accuracy of Certified Energy Efficiency Ratio for Split-System Air Conditioners
2009). ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals. ASHRAE, 1791 Tulliethe 2009 ANSI/ASHRAE Handbook�Fundamentals Equation 38 [9],
Yu, Bingyi
Split-screen single-camera stereoscopic PIV application to a turbulent confined swirling layer with free surface
as a possible means of fusion reactor shielding. The hollowion fusion. Fusion Sci Technol 44:266�273 reactor shielding
Bardet, Philippe M.; Peterson, Per F.; Sava?, �mer
A Correction Method for Use in Multidimensional Time-Splitting Advection Algorithms: Application to Two- and Three-Dimensional Transport
Meteorological and air quality models rely on accurately solving the advection equation in two and three dimensions. While a number of methods have been developed, all suffer from the formation and growth of errors during the solution procedure. ...
A. Clappier
An Analysis of the Impact of a Split-Front Rainband on Appalachian Cold-Air Damming
Appalachian cold-air damming (CAD) is characterized by the development of a cool, stable air mass that is advected southwestward along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains by low-level ageostrophic flow. Operational forecasters have ...
Michael J. Brennan; Gary M. Lackmann; Steven E. Koch
Post-Irradiation Examination of a Failed GE12 Fuel Rod with a Long Axial Split from Forsmark 1
The Electric Power Research Institute�s (EPRI�s) Fuel Reliability Program (FRP) is co-sponsoring research with Vattenfall to perform post-irradiation examination (PIE) research, initiated and supported by Vattenfall, and making the results available to all FRP members.This particular study looks at a GE12 fuel rod that operated in Forsmark 1 for five annual cycles. During the fifth cycle (Cycle 21), an indication of fuel rod failure was observed by increased off-gas activity. ...
Managing energy consumption costs in desktop PCs and LAN switches with proxying, split TCP connections, and scaling of link speed
The IT equipment comprising the Internet in the USA uses about $6 billion of electricity every year. Much of this electricity use is wasted on idle, but fully powered-up, desktop PCs and network links. We show how to recover a large portion of the wasted ...
Chamara Gunaratne; Ken Christensen; Bruce Nordman
Application of the Split Hopkinson Resonant Bar Test for Seismic Property Characterization of Hydrate-bearing Sand Undergoing Water Saturation
including a seismic source), jacketed rock or sediment corerock /sediment core Temperature sensor (RTD) (b) Jacketed sample core placed between steel extension rods (c) Source and
Nakagawa, S.
An Evaluation of Improper Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split System Air Conditioner with a Thermal Expansion Valve
The effect of the improper charging on steady state and cyclic performance (capacity, EER, power consumption, SEER, and coefficient of degradation) of a residential air conditioner which utilized a thermal expansion valve was investigated. This study was the continuation of ESL/CON/88-1 performed by Mohsen Farzad and Dennis O'Neal. A fully charged condition was established as a base case. The full charge was obtained by charging the unit to the subcooling specified by the manufacturer for a specific indoor and outdoor temperatures. Once the full charge was determined, the unit was subjected to 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% undercharging and 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% overcharging of refrigerant by mass. The fully charged tests were compared to those for under and overcharging. The performance of the unit was evaluated as a function of charge as well as at four outdoor room temperatures (82�F, 90�F, 95�F, and 100�F). As the outdoor temperature increased, the total capacity and EER dropped. The maximum total capacity, EER, and SEER were found at 10% undercharging (12 6 oz). The capacity and efficiency (EER and SEER) of the unit were found to be less sensitive to under/overcharging than the unit with a capillary tube expansion previously studied. Other data such as refrigerant flow rate, sensible heat ratio, superheat and subcooling were also presented.
Farzad, M.; O'Neal, D. L.
An Evaluation of Improper Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split System Air Conditioner with Capillary Tube Expansion
The effect of the improper charging on the performance (capacity, EER, power consumption, SEER, and coefficient of degradation) of a residential air conditioner during the steady state (wet and dry coils) and cycling operation was investigated. The fully charged condition was established as a base case. A full charge was obtained charging the unit to the superheat specified by the manufacturer's charging chart for specific set of indoor and outdoor temperatures. Once the full charge was determined, the unit was subjected to 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% under and overcharging of refrigerant (by mass). The fully charged tests were compared to under and overcharging. The performance of the unit was evaluated as a function of charge as well as at four outdoor room temperatures (82�F, 90�F, 95�F, and 100�F). As the outdoor temperature increased, the total capacity and EER dropped. The investigation of improper charging showed that the total capacity, EER, and SEER were more sensitive to undercharging than overcharging conditions. A 20% undercharge resulted in a 21% reduction in SEER while a 20% overcharge produced a 11% reduction in SEER. Other data such as refrigerant flow rate, sensible heat ratio, superheat and subcooling are also presented.
Directly-irradiated Two-zone Solar Thermochemical Reactor for H2O/CO2 Splitting
other fossil fuels, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases. Current solar thermochemical approaches are greatly restricted by the efficiency of the reactor, which is less than one percent. This solar thermochemical reactor has the potential ...
Linear Stability Analysis of Runge�Kutta-Based Partial Time-Splitting Schemes for the Euler Equations
For atmospheric simulation models with resolutions from about 10 km to the subkilometer cloud-resolving scale, the complete nonhydrostatic compressible Euler equations are often used. An important integration technique for them is the time-...
Michael Baldauf
Effects of system cycling, evaporator airflow, and condenser coil fouling on the performance of residential split-system air conditioners
Three experimental studies were conducted to quantify the effects of system cycling, evaporator airflow, and condenser coil fouling on the performance of residential air conditioners. For all studies, the indoor dry-bulb (db) temperature was 80�F (26.7�C) db. The cycling study consisted of twelve transient tests conducted with an outdoor temperature of 95�F (35�C) db for cycle times of 6, 10, 15, and 24 minutes. Indoor relative humidities of 40%, 50%, and 60% were also considered. The evaporator airflow study consisted of twenty-four steady-state tests conducted with an indoor condition of 67�F (19.4�C) wet-bulb (wb) for evaporator airflows ranging from 50% below to 37.5% above rated airflow. Outdoor temperatures of 85�F (29.4�C) db, 95�F (35�C) db, and 105�F (40.6�C) db were also considered. The coil fouling study used a total of six condensers that were exposed to an outdoor environment for predetermined amounts of time and tested periodically. Three of the condensers were cleaned and retested during the periodic testing cycles. Testing consisted of thirty-three steady-state tests conducted with an indoor condition of 67�F (19.4�C) wb for outdoor exposure times of 0, 2000, 4000, and 8000 hours. Outdoor temperatures of 82�F (27.8�C) db and 95�F (35�C) db were also considered.
Dooley, Jeffrey Brandon
A dynamic model system of household car ownership, trip generation, and modal split: model development and simulation experiment
1987) Why do people buy cars? Paper presented at the 5thRegression Model of Private Car Use. Report AE 4/87, FacultyEffects of Income and Car Ownership on Trip Generation: A
Kitamura, Ryuichi
household car ownership, mode usage, and sociodemographictrip making and mode usage upon car ownership appears to beto predict car ownership and mode usage by the panel
A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model of an Isolated Thunderstorm. Part II: Dynamics of Updraft Splitting and Mesovortex Couplet Evolution
This study analyzes the dynamics of an isolated convective storm embedded within marked ambient vertical wind shear dominated by low-level veering, as simulated by a three-dimensional anelastic numerical modeling experiment. Two particular ...
Robert E. Schlesinger
Thermochemical cyclic system for splitting water and/or carbon dioxide by means of cerium compounds and reactions useful therein
A thermochemical cyclic process for producing hydrogen from water comprises reacting ceric oxide with monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate to yield a solid reaction product, oxygen and water. The solid reaction product, alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, and water, are reacted to yield hydrogen, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Ceric oxide is recycled. Trialkali metal phosphate, carbon dioxide and water are reacted to yield monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate and alkali metal bicarbonate, which are recycled. The cylic process can be modified for producing carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide by reacting the alkali metal cerous phosphate and alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate in the absence of water to produce carbon monoxide, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Carbon monoxide can be converted to hydrogen by the water gas shift reaction.
Bamberger, Carlos E. (Oak Ridge, TN); Robinson, Paul R. (Knoxville, TN)
High-Order Numerics in an Unstaggered Three-Dimensional Time-Split Semi-Lagrangian Forecast Model
Traditional finite-difference numerical forecast models usually employ relatively low-order approximations on grids staggered in both the horizontal and the vertical. In a previous study, Purser and Leslie (1988) demonstrated that high-order ...
L. M. Leslie; R. J. Purser
Consequences of Using the Splitting Method for Implementing Physical Forcings in a Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Model
Any comprehensive numerical model is composed of two parts: a dynamical kernel solving for the fluid mechanical field equations and a physical package to parameterize the ensemble effect of subgrid-scale processes upon the resolved scales of the ...
Alain Caya; Ren� Laprise; Peter Zwack
Local Mass Conservation and Velocity Splitting in PV-Based Balanced Models. Part I: The Hyperbalance Equations
This paper considers stratified and shallow water non-Hamiltonian potential-vorticity-based balanced models (PBMs). These are constructed using the exact (Rossby or Rossby�Ertel) potential vorticity (PV). The most accurate known PBMs are those ...
Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal field,
Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal field, Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal field, California Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal field, California Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Microseismicity, stress, and fracture in the Coso geothermal field are investigated using seismicity, focal mechanisms and stress analysis. Comparison of hypocenters of microearthquakes with locations of development wells indicates that microseismic activity has increased since the commencement of fluid injection and circulation. Microearthquakes in the geothermal field are proposed as indicators of shear fracturing associated with fluid injection and circulation along major pre-existing
Passive imaging of hydrofractures in the South Belridge diatomite
The authors present the results of a seismic analysis of two hydrofractures spanning the entire diatomite column (1,110--1,910 ft or 338--582 m) in Shell`s Phase 2 steam drive pilot in South Belridge, California. These hydrofractures were induced at two depths (1,110--1,460 and 1,560--1,910 ft) and imaged passively using the seismic energy released during fracturing. The arrivals of shear waves from the cracking rock (microseismic events) were recorded at a 1 ms sampling rate by 56 geophones in three remote observation wells, resulting in 10 GB of raw data. These arrival times were then inverted for the event locations, from which the hydrofracture geometry was inferred. A five-dimensional conjugate-gradient algorithm with a depth-dependent, but otherwise constant shear wave velocity model (CVM) was developed for the inversions. To validate CVM, they created a layered shear wave velocity model of the formation and used it to calculate synthetic arrival times from known locations chosen at various depths along the estimated fracture plane. These arrival times were then inverted with CVM and the calculated locations compared with the known ones, quantifying the systematic error associated with the assumption of constant shear wave velocity. They also performed Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses on the synthetic arrival times to account for all other random errors that exist in field data. After determining the limitations of the inversion algorithm, they hand-picked the shear wave arrival times for both hydrofractures and inverted them with CVM.
Ilderton, D.C.; Patzek, T.W.; Rector, J.W. [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Vinegar, H.J. [Shell Development Co., Houston, TX (United States)
Seismic exploration for shallow magma bodies in the vicinity of Socorro, New Mexico. Final report, January 1, 1977-December 31, 1977
This report contains the following articles: Characteristics of Rio Grande rift in vicinity of Socorro, New Mexico, from geophysical studies; Exploration framework of the Socorro Geothermal Area, New Mexico; a study of Poisson's ratio in the upper crust in the Socorro, New Mexico, Area; and Microearthquake frequency attenuation of S phases in the Rio Grande rift near Socorro. (ACR)
Sanford, A.R.; Schlue, J.
Temporal Velocity Variations beneath the Coso Geothermal Field Observed
Velocity Variations beneath the Coso Geothermal Field Observed Velocity Variations beneath the Coso Geothermal Field Observed using Seismic Double Difference Tomography of Compressional and Shear Wave Arrival Times Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: Temporal Velocity Variations beneath the Coso Geothermal Field Observed using Seismic Double Difference Tomography of Compressional and Shear Wave Arrival Times Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Microseismic imaging can be an important tool for characterizing geothermal reservoirs. Since microseismic sources occur more or less continuously both due to the operations of a geothermal field and the naturally occurring background seismicity, passive seismic monitoring is well suited to quantify the temporal variations in the vicinity of a
Effects of CO/sub 2/ flooding on wave velocities in rocks with hydrocarbons
Compressional and shear-wave velocities were measured in the laboratory in seven sandstones (porosities ranging from 6 to 29%) and one unconsolidated sand (37% porosity) saturated with n-hexadecane (C/sub 16/H/sub 34/) both before and after CO/sub 2/ flooding. CO/sub 2/ flooding decreased compressional-wave velocities significantly, while shear-wave velocities were less affected. The magnitude of these effects was found to depend on confining and pore pressures, temperature, and porosities of the rocks. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the decreases in compressional-wave velocities caused by CO/sub 2/ flooding may be seismically resolvable in situ. Therefore, seismic--especially high-frequency, high-resolution seismic--methods may be useful in mapping and locating CO/sub 2/ zones, tracking movements of CO/sub 2/ fronts, and monitoring flooding processes in reservoirs undergoing CO/sub 2/ flooding.
Wang, Z. (Core Labs., Calgary (CA)); Nur, A.M. (Stanford Univ., Geophysics Dept., CA (US))
Single-Well And Cross-Well Seismic Imaging | Open Energy Information
Single-Well And Cross-Well Seismic Imaging Single-Well And Cross-Well Seismic Imaging Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Single-Well And Cross-Well Seismic Imaging Details Activities (2) Areas (2) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Downhole Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Borehole Seismic Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Borehole Seismic Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Rock unit density influences elastic wave velocities. Stratigraphic/Structural: Structural geology- faults, folds, grabens, horst blocks, sedimentary layering, discontinuities, etc. Hydrological: Combining compressional and shear wave results can indicate the presence of fluid saturation in the formation. Thermal: High temperatures and pressure impact the compressional and shear wave velocities.
Fluid driven torsional dipole seismic source
A compressible fluid powered oscillating downhole seismic source device capable of periodically generating uncontaminated horizontally-propagated, shear waves is provides. A compressible fluid generated oscillation is created within the device which imparts an oscillation to a housing when the device is installed in a housing such as the cylinder of an existing downhole tool, thereby a torsional seismic source is established. Horizontal waves are transferred to the surrounding bore hole medium through downhole clamping. 4 figs.
Hardee, H.C.
Fluid/Gravity Correspondence, Second Order Transport and Gravitational Anomaly
We study the transport properties of a relativistic fluid affected by chiral and gauge-gravitational anomalies. The computation is performed in the framework of the fluid/gravity correspondence for a 5 dim holographic model with Chern-Simons terms in the action. We find new anomalous and non anomalous transport coefficients, as well as new contributions to the existing ones coming from the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly. Consequences for the shear waves dispersion relation are analyzed.
Eugenio Megias; Francisco Pena-Benitez
Feasibility of an acoustic technique for fracture detection
A field experiment was conducted at a granite quarry to determine the feasibility of an acoustic, downhole technique for location of fractures in the vicinity of boreholes. The frequency used in this test was about 5 kHz; a frequency well above the seismic frequency commonly used in reservoir evaluations. An existing flame-cut slot in the granite at the test site was filled with water to simulate a fracture. A high-energy piezoelectric transmitter was located in a borehole 8 meters from the water-filled slot, and a commercial piezoelectric transducer was used as a receiver in a borehole 4 meters from the slot. Both transducers could be rotated for maximum transmission or reception for either the compressional wave or the shear wave. During the experiment, reflections from the simulated fracture were obtained with the transducers oriented only for shear wave illumination and detection. These test results suggest that a high-frequency shear wave can be used to detect fractures located away from a borehole. 2 refs., 2 figs.
Chang, H.T.
Solar High-Temperature Water Splitting Cycle with Quantum Boost - DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2012 Annual Progress Report
9 9 FY 2012 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Robin Taylor (Primary Contact), Roger Davenport, David Genders 1 , Peter Symons 1 , Lloyd Brown 2 , Jan Talbot 3 , Richard Herz 3 Science Applications International, Corp. (SAIC) 10210 Campus Point Drive San Diego, CA 92121 Phone: (858) 826-9124 Email: email@example.com 1 Electrosynthesis Co., Inc. (ESC) 2 Thermochemical Engineering Solutions (TCHEME) 3 University of California, San Diego (UCSD) DOE Managers HQ: Sara Dillich Phone: (202) 586-7925 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com GO: Katie Randolph Phone: (720) 356-1759 Email: email@example.com Contract Number: DE-FG36-07GO17002 Subcontractors: * Electrosynthesis Co., Inc., Lancaster, NY * Thermochemical Engineering Solutions, San Diego, CA
GOME Observations of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions during the Splitting Vortex Event in the Antarctic Winter of 2002. Part I: Measurements
Measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) are used to study the chemical evolution of the stratosphere during the unusual 2002 winter in the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that chlorine activation as indicated by OClO ...
Andreas Richter; Folkard Wittrock; Mark Weber; Steffen Beirle; Sven K�hl; Ulrich Platt; Thomas Wagner; Walburga Wilms-Grabe; John P. Burrows
Non-isolated integrated motor drive and battery charger based on the split-phase PM motor for plug-in vehicles.
??In electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the utility grid charges the vehicle battery through a battery charger. Different solutions have been proposed to� (more)
Serrano Guill�n, Isabel
Development of a Cloud-Top Height Estimation Method by Geostationary Satellite Split-Window Measurements Trained with CloudSat Data
Lookup tables for estimating the cloud-top height and visible optical thickness of upper-tropospheric clouds by the infrared brightness temperature TB at 10.8 ?m (T11) and its difference from TB at 12 ?m (?T11�12) measured by a geostationary ...
Atsushi Hamada; Noriyuki Nishi
Quantum oscillation of Rashba spin splitting in topological insulator Bi2Se3 induced by the quantum size effects of Pb adlayers
Basedon rst-principlescalculationswithindensityfunctionaltheory,we ndthatPbadlayerscaninduceagiantRashbaspinsplittinginthequantumwellstatesofanunderlyingBi2Se3 lm.AsthethicknessofthePbadlayersvaries,thedistancebetweenthePbadlayerandtheBi2Se3 lm,thechargedensityattheinterface,andthebindingbetweenthePbadlayersexhibitanoscillatorybehaviorduetothequantumsizeeffects,whichinturnmodulatesthemagnitudeoftheRashbaspinsplittingofthequantumwellstatesintheBi2Se3 lm.
Yang, Hong [Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan, China; Peng, Xiangyang [Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan, China; Wei, Xiaolin [Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan, China; Liu, Wenliang [Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan, China; Zhu, Wenguang [ORNL; Xiao, Di [ORNL; Stocks, George Malcolm [ORNL; Zhong, Jianxin [Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan, China
Level crossings and zero-field splitting in the {Cr8}-cubane spin-cluster studied using inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) in variable magnetic field and high-field magnetization measurements in the millikelvin temperature range were performed to gain insight into the low-energy magnetic excitation spectrum and the field-induced level crossings in the molecular spin cluster {Cr8}-cubane. These complementary techniques provide consistent estimates of the lowest level-crossing field. The overall features of the experimental data are explained using an isotropic Heisenberg model, based on three distinct exchange interactions linking the eight CrIII paramagnetic centers (spins s = 3/2), that is supplemented with a relatively large molecular magnetic anisotropy term for the lowest S = 1 multiplet. It is noted that the existence of the anisotropy is clearly evident from the magnetic field dependence of the excitations in the INS measurements, while the magnetization measurements are not sensitive to its effects.
Vaknin, D. [Ames Laboratory; Garlea, Vasile O [ORNL; Demmel, F. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Mamontov, Eugene [ORNL; Nojiri, H [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Martin, Catalin [Florida State University; Chiorescu, Irinel [Florida State University; Qiu, Y. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Luban, M. [Ames Laboratory; Kogerler, P. [Ames Laboratory; Fielden, J. [Ames Laboratory; Engelhardt, L [Francis Marion University, Florence, South Sarolina; Rainey, C [Francis Marion University, Florence, South Sarolina
Solar-Thermal ALD Ferrite-Based Water Splitting Cycle - DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2012 Annual Progress Report
4 4 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2012 Annual Progress Report Alan W. Weimer (Primary Contact), Darwin Arifin, Xinhua Liang, Victoria Aston and Paul Lichty University of Colorado Campus Box 596 Boulder, CO 80309-0596 Phone: (303) 492-3759 Email: email@example.com DOE Manager HQ: Sara Dillich Phone: (202) 586-7925 Email: email@example.com Contract Number: DE-FC36-05GO15044 Project Start Date: March 31, 2005 Project End Date: Project continuation and direction determined annually by DOE Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Objectives Demonstrate the "hercynite cycle" feasibility for * carrying out redox. Initiate design, synthesis and testing of a nanostructured * active material for fast kinetics and transport.
NREL Demonstrates Efficient Solar Water Splitting by Metal Oxide Photoabsorber (Fact Sheet), NREL Highlights in Science, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
New development demonstrates that inexpensive and New development demonstrates that inexpensive and robust metal oxide photoabsorbers hold great promise as photoanodes for water oxidation. The production of solar fuels (e.g., H 2 from H 2 O, hydrocarbons from CO 2 ) via direct photoelectrochemical reactions is a promising approach in the pursuit of renewable energy sources. Production of O 2 is the only scalable and renewable oxidation that can balance these fuel-forming reduction reactions. However, few materials have the necessary properties (e.g., strong visible light absorption, stability to corrosion, n-type conductivity) to evolve O 2 as photoanodes, and the few that meet these general requirements often have significant limitations (e.g., high charge recombination, sluggish charge transport, poor charge transfer to catalysts) that result in low
CX-002364: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
4: Categorical Exclusion Determination 4: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-002364: Categorical Exclusion Determination Development of a Geological and Geomechanical Framework for the Analysis of Micro-Earthquakes in Enhanced Geothermal System Experiments CX(s) Applied: B3.6, A9 Date: 05/11/2010 Location(s): Texas Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Golden Field Office Texas A&M University (TAMU) (also known as Texas Engineering Experimentation Station [TEES]) proposes to use American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to develop a framework for investigating processes that contribute to the occurrence of seismicity in enhanced geothermal systems. TAMU/TEES would use an integrated geological and geomechanical approach to identify the causal mechanisms of micro-earthquakes (MEQs), and