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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
The Goonies | |
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan | |
Directed by | Richard Donner |
Produced by | Richard Donner Harvey Bernhard |
Screenplay by | Chris Columbus |
Story by | Steven Spielberg |
Starring | |
Music by | Dave Grusin |
Cinematography | Nick McLean |
Edited by | Michael Kahn |
Production company | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release dates |
Running time | 114 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $19 million |
Box office | $61,389,680 |
The Goonies | |
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan | |
Directed by | Richard Donner |
Produced by | Richard Donner Harvey Bernhard |
Screenplay by | Chris Columbus |
Story by | Steven Spielberg |
Starring | |
Music by | Dave Grusin |
Cinematography | Nick McLean |
Edited by | Michael Kahn |
Production company | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release dates |
Running time | 114 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $19 million |
Box office | $61,389,680 |
The Goonies is a 1985 American adventure–comedy film directed by Richard Donner. The screenplay was written by Chris Columbus from a story by executive producer Steven Spielberg. The film's premise features a band of pre-teens who live in the "Goon Docks" neighborhood of Astoria, Oregon attempting to save their homes from demolition, and in doing so, discover an old Spanish map that leads them on an adventure to unearth the long-lost fortune of One-Eyed Willie, a legendary 17th-century pirate.
The Goonies, a group of four friends which include Mikey, the good-natured but asthmatic leader; Mouth, the wisecracking talkative one; Data, the clever inventor; and Chunk, the group's clumsy, heavy-set dreamer and teller of tall tales. Living in the "Goon Docks" neighborhood of Astoria, Oregon, they face foreclosure on their families' homes from the expanding Astoria Country Club. On their last weekend together their morale sinks particularly low because Mikey's older brother Brand failed his driver's license exam, thwarting their plans to "cruise the coast in style." While rummaging through the Walshes' attic, they find an old newspaper clipping, a Spanish map, and an artifact relating to a rumor of a lost pirate treasure somewhere in the area. Hearing the call of adventure, Mikey tries to persuade his friends to join him in search of the treasure hoarded by a pirate named One-Eyed Willie. Initially reluctant, the group eventually decides to evade the authority of Brand, and escape for one last "Goonie adventure."
They head down the coast and stumble upon a derelict seaside restaurant that seems to match coordinates set by the map and an old doubloon. They are unaware that the Fratellis, a family of fugitives, are using the restaurant as their hideout. After first encountering the family, the Goonies come back after the Fratellis have left and discover their criminal intents. They send Chunk to get help. However, the Fratellis return before they can leave, forcing the Goonies to use a cavern underneath the restaurant to escape, while being joined by Brand and neighborhood girls Andie and Stephanie. The Fratellis capture Chunk and interrogate him, learning nothing until a colony of bats burst out of the cavern beneath the restaurant. Chunk is placed in the same room with the forsaken and deformed Fratelli brother, Sloth, while the rest of the Fratellis enter the cavern and follow the Goonies' trail.
As the Goonies traverse the cavern, Mikey discovers that it matches up with the map and convinces the rest of the group to continue to follow it to find the treasure. They overcome many deadly traps set by One-Eyed Willie, and eventually arrive at a large underground cavern and a lagoon where Willie's ship, the Inferno, lies waiting. While others begin to fill their pockets with the riches on the ship, Mikey locates Willie's remains, and reverently acknowledges him as the "first Goonie", leaving part of the treasure with him as a mark of respect. However, as the Goonies exit the hold, they are cornered by the Fratellis, who take the kids' treasure and force them to walk the plank. The Goonies are saved by the timely arrival of Chunk and Sloth, now close friends, who help the rest of the group to shore. With the children no longer a threat, the Fratellis ransack the rest of the ship, including the share of the treasure Mikey left for Willie. This sets off a final booby trap, causing the cave to begin collapsing. The Goonies flee through a hole in the cave, finding themselves on a beach. Two passing policemen spot them and call in for help.
The Goonies are soon reunited with their families while the Fratellis are taken into custody and Chunk offers to take Sloth into his home. As the Astoria Country Club calls upon Mikey's father to sign over the final deed to his property, Rosalita, the Walshes' maid, discovers that Mikey's marble bag contains a large handful of precious jewels taken from the ship. Mikey's father quickly estimates that their value is more than enough to save the Goon Docks. As the families rejoice, they spot the unmanned Inferno, now free of the cave, drifting away.
Principal photography on The Goonies began on October 22, 1984 and lasted five months. There was an additional six weeks of ADR recording.[1] The shooting script was lengthy, over 120 pages, and several sequences were eventually cut from the final theatrical version. During the film's denouement, mention is made of an octopus which seems like an exaggeration of the actual events but actually refers to a scene that was excised from the final cut.
In The Making of The Goonies, director Richard Donner notes the difficulties and pleasures of working with so many child actors. Donner praises them for their energy and excitement, but says that they were a handful when brought together. The documentary frequently shows him coaching the young actors and reveals some techniques he used to get realistic performances. One of these tricks involved One-Eyed Willie's ship, which was actually an impressive full-sized mock-up of a pirate ship created under the direction of production designer J. Michael Riva. Donner restricted the child actors from seeing the ship until they filmed the scene wherein it is revealed to their characters. The characters' first glimpse of the ship was thus basically also the actors' first view of it, bringing about a more realistic performance. However, Corey Feldman admits to having seen it beforehand with another co-star he does not name,[citation needed] and that particular scene in the movie is actually the second shot, as the cast was so overwhelmed at first sight that the scene had to be re-shot. It was later noted that the entire set was scrapped after shooting because they could not find anyone who wanted it.[2]
In his book There and Back Again, Sean Astin claims that Richard Donner and Steven Spielberg were "like codirectors" on the film as he compares and contrasts their styles when directing scenes.[3]
Some of the on-location filming was done in Astoria, Oregon. The interior and exterior of the old Clatsop County Jail features as the holding place of Jake Fratelli at the start of the film. (The building was later converted into the Oregon Film Museum, which opened on the 25th anniversary of The Goonies with memorabilia from this and other local films.)[4] The museum where Mikey's father works is, in reality, the Captain George Flavel House Museum. The Walsh family home is a real home at 368 38th Street.[4] The scenes along the coast were filmed in Oregon, but they were a considerable distance from Astoria. The Goonies bicycle to Ecola State Park (in reality, over 26 miles south of Astoria) and then find the starting location of the map using Haystack Rock as a guide. Underground scenes were filmed at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California, including the cavernous set where the Goonies find One-Eyed Willie's ship, which was in Stage 16, one of the largest sound stages in America.[5]
Film critics were generally favorable toward The Goonies. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 67% of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 41 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10 and the critical consensus: "An energetic, sometimes noisy mix of Spielbergian sentiment and funhouse tricks that will appeal to kids and nostalgic adults alike."[6] At Metacritic it has a rating score of 60, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[7] Several reviewers noted that the film appeared to be enjoyable for children and teens, but not so much for adults.[8]
The Goonies grossed US$9 million in its opening weekend in the US, second on the charts behind Rambo: First Blood Part II.[9] It grossed over US$61 million that year, placing it among the top ten highest-grossing films of 1985 (in the US).[10]
Ramsey won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Film for her role.[11] At the 7th Youth in Film Awards (now known as Young Artist Awards), Astin's portrayal of Mikey won the award for Best Starring Performance By a Young Actor in a Motion Picture. Cohen, Feldman, and Plimpton were also nominated for awards for their performances in The Goonies. The film itself was nominated for best adventure motion picture.[12]
The movie has also garnered a cult following over the years. Scottish actor James McAvoy has repeatedly cited in interviews that The Goonies is his favorite film of all time.[13][14]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2011) |
The Goonies was first released on VHS and Betamax video in the United States in March 1986 and the Laserdisc and CED versions also debuted that year. Warner Home Video released a theatrical widescreen laserdisc on January 29, 1992.
Warner Home Video released The Goonies in widescreen on Region 1 DVD on August 21, 2001. The DVD featured several notable extras, including:
Warner Home Video released The Goonies on Blu-ray Disc in October 2008 in Europe and November 2010 in North America. The video is in 1080p high definition VC-1 and accompanied by a Dolby TrueHD soundtrack. Extras mirrored that of the DVD release:
The special features are presented in 480i/576i standard definition.
Datasoft produced a Goonies video game for Commodore 64, Atari 8-bit family and Apple II in 1985, which was later ported to the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC by US Gold.[16][17] This game featured eight screens in which a player had to use two members of the Goonies group to solve puzzles and reach an exit to advance to the next stage. The screens were largely inspired by actual sets and puzzles seen in the film. A reference to the aforementioned "octopus scene" is included, as the seventh level.
In 1986, Konami created two versions of The Goonies for the MSX (The Goonies) in Japan and Europe, and Family Computer (The Goonies) in Japan. The Goonies II was also released on the Famicom (and its international counterpart, the Nintendo Entertainment System). The Goonies II was released in North America, Europe and Australia, although the original was one of the NES games released as part of the Nintendo Vs. System arcade machine in the 1980s. The Goonies II had little to do with the film, but achieved a following for its inventive gameplay. In it the Fratellis have managed to kidnap all the Goonies (except Mikey, whom the player guides) and hide them in hidden cages across a terrain of caverns, mazes and abandoned buildings. As Mikey, the player must rescue them all and ultimately free a mermaid named Annie.
In February 2007, DaimlerChrysler's Jeep division sponsored The Goonies: Return to Astoria, a Flash based game, developed by Fuel Industries. The player's goal is to collect map pieces and doubloons, and then race the Fratellis to One-Eyed Willie's treasure.[18][19]
The Goonies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack featured music by Cyndi Lauper, REO Speedwagon, The Bangles, and others. The cast members (except Kerri Green) appeared alongside professional wrestlers "Rowdy" Roddy Piper and "Captain" Lou Albano in the 12 minute "The Goonies 'R' Good Enough" music video. Steven Spielberg makes a cameo appearance. Lauper also has a cameo in the film, performing the song on TV, although the song was not completed until after filming.
Dave Grusin's score was unavailable for 25 years. The main theme, "Fratelli Chase", has been used in numerous trailers (such as Innerspace and Guarding Tess), and was re-recorded by Grusin and the London Symphony Orchestra for the album Cinemagic. The score makes liberal use of the Max Steiner-composed theme from Adventures of Don Juan.[20]
Soundtrack label Varèse Sarabande released the score in March 2010 in a limited edition of 5000 copies.[citation needed]
" | We tried really hard, and Steven (Spielberg) said, 'Let's do it.' We had a lot of young writers submit work, but it just didn't seem to call for it. | " |
The possibility of a film sequel has been confirmed and denied many times in recent years by the original cast and crew. Donner said that he had a story he liked and Spielberg behind him, but in 2004 several of the actors from the original revealed that Warner Bros., the film's owner, had shown no interest in a sequel.[22] Sean Astin told MTV in October 2007 that Goonies 2 "is an absolute certainty... The writing's on the wall when they're releasing the DVD in such numbers,"[23] Donner has expressed doubt that the sequel will ever happen, as many of the actors had not shown interest in returning for a sequel.[24] Corey Feldman stated in his November 25, 2008 blog post, "NO! There is no Goonies 2! I'm sorry but it's just not gonna happen.... Course now that I've said that, they'll do it."[25] However, on the July 2010 release of "The Making of a Cult Classic: The Unauthorized Story of The Goonies" DVD,[26] Richard Donner states a sequel to The Goonies is a "definite thing" and will involve as much of the old cast as possible. "It will happen," says Donner. "We've been trying for a number of years."[27] On April 5, 2014, Richard Donner revealed a sequel is in the works, and he hopes to bring back the entire cast.[28]
Rumors of adaptations and sequels in other media took off in 2007, including a comic book miniseries,[29] an animated television series, and a musical adaptation of the film. Corey Feldman said he was asked to reprise the role of Mouth in a cartoon series that would feature the original Goonies characters as adults and focus on the adventures of a new set of kids.[30] Apparently this project was briefly in the works for Cartoon Network before being shelved.[31] Entertainment Weekly reported in March 2007 on a potential musical adaptation of the film. "Steven and I have discussed it, and it's something that I'm fairly passionate about right now," Donner says.[32] Variety reported in October 2008 that Donner had met with Broadway entertainment attorney John Breglio, and is "confident things are moving in the right direction."[21] As of May 2011, the musical was still in the beginning stages, but Donner was hopeful that an "irreverent" script would be completed by October.[33]
Q: Do you think it could ever happen? DONNER: We tried. No, I don't think so. We tried really hard. Steven and I, we pitched a couple of things to them and, quite honestly, they weren't right. And we put it aside. If I could ever find a really good handle on a screenplay for it, I'd go pitch it again.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Goonies |


text:
Stronger Recovery Will Reduce Jobless
AS the United States heads into winter, the job outlook is suddenly starting to take a turn for the better.
More companies are hiring after several years of corporate downsizing that reduced many payrolls to unworkably low levels. Research by the National Federation of Independent Business shows a small net increase in hiring during the second and third quarters, the first such gain for its members since 1990. Moreover, a relatively mild winter in many parts of North America - which is now the consensus of a number of meteorologists - should help labor-intensive industries such as construction.
``We are expecting the new unemployment figures that come out this week [Friday] to show a slight downturn,'' says Cynthia Latta, an economist with DRI/McGraw-Hill, an economic consulting firm in Lexington, Mass. Even if that is not true this month, she sees a falling unemployment rate for the longer term.
That is good news for millions of Americans either seeking work or worried about the stability of their own jobs. The US unemployment rate has been dropping steadily during the past year, from 7.5 percent in September of 1992 to 6.8 percent in October of 1993.
DRI/McGraw-Hill expects the rate to drop to 6.6 percent by the end of 1993. ``Consumer spending is proving to be much stronger than many people had thought,'' Ms. Latta says. ``Business inventories are also low. With consumer confidence now rising, we expect some rebuilding of inventories.''
US economic growth should be strong in the fourth quarter of 1993, at around 4 percent; then it should drop slightly to around 3 percent in the first quarter of 1994. But both quarters will help produce jobs while holding down unemployment, she says.

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to Crawford County, Ohio!
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Map of Crawford County, Ohio


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You guys are fantastic and insane at the same time. To be honest, I did not expect my order to be processed so quickly, considering that I ordered it...Read More ->
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Arlington Asset Investment Corp. Announces Pricing Of Common Stock Offering
About Arlington Asset Investment Corp.
Arlington Asset Investment Corp. is a principal investment firm that invests in mortgage-related and other assets. The Company is headquartered in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include statements regarding the Company's planned offering of common stock. Forward-looking statements can be identified by forward-looking language, including words such as "believes," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates," "intends," "may," "plans," "projects," "will" and similar expressions, or the negative of these words. Due to known and unknown risks, including the risk that the assumptions on which the forward-looking statements are based prove to be inaccurate, actual results may differ materially from expectations or projections. These risks also include those described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers of this press release are cautioned to consider these risks and uncertainties and not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, relating to matters discussed in this press release, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
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Rick Perry 2012 Campaign for President– News and updates
Our coverage of TX Governor Rick Perry\'s 2012 campaign for president including news, updates, and media from the Houston Chronicle, MySA, and Hearst.
Posts filtered on Tag
Black South Carolina church puts Gingrich on hot seat
Presidential hopeful Newt Gingrich on Saturday faced tough questions, making a rare appearance by a Republican candidate before a black church.
[Read More]
New Newt Gingrich film attacks Mitt Romney as 'ruthless' rich
When Mitt Romney Came to Town, a 28-minute film set for release Wednesday by Newt Gingrich's supporters in South Carolina, depicts the GOP presidential frontrunner as a financier "more ruthless than Wall Street," Bloomberg News reports on its website. South Carolina holds its primary Jan. 21. Bloomberg says it has obtained a copy of the film […]
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Mitt Romney's rivals attack him for 'fire people' remark
By Carla Marinucci and Richard S. Dunham Hearst Newspapers Nashua, N.H. — After months of frenzied competition and appeals from a crowd of Republican presidential candidates, voters will cast the first ballots of the 2012 presidential election Tuesday in New Hampshire, where former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney is under intense pressure to end doubts about […]
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Sarah Palin's husband endorses a Republican candidate
For all those waiting to see who former Alaskan First Husband and snowmobile champion Todd Palin would pick for president, the day has finally come. Todd Palin announced his endorsement for Newt Gingrich in the Republican race. Sarah Palin, who toyed with the idea of running for president again in 2012, has yet to make […]
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Who came out on top at critical N.H. debate
Some shined in the latest GOP smackdown; while others simply faded.
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Romney emerges unscathed as other candidates attack each other
The five Republican candidates trying to emerge as the alternative to front-runner Mitt Romney.
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N.H. debates will be pivotal for Perry, other rivals
Newt Gingrich, Rick Santorum and Rick Perry are desperate to consolidate conservative support and emerge as the top alternative to Mitt Romney.
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Perry drops to 4 percent in first post-Iowa poll
The Rasmussen Reports poll, released Thursday, also found Mitt Romney regaining the lead he lost to former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.
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Gingrich to blacks: Demand jobs, not food stamps
Newt Gingrich told a town hall meeting at a senior center in Plymouth, N.H., that if the NAACP invites him to its annual convention this year, he'd go there.
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Judge lets 3 Perry rivals join gov's Virginia ballot lawsuit
A federal judge on Wednesday allowed three Republican presidential hopefuls to join Texas Gov. Rick Perry's lawsuit challenging Virginia's ballot access law.
U.S. District Judge John A. Gibney Jr. granted a motion by former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman and former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum to intervene in the lawsuit. [Read More]
U.S. District Judge John A. Gibney Jr. granted a motion by former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman and former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum to intervene in the lawsuit. [Read More]
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This script is Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
Synopsis :
The remote Amazon Linux AMI host is missing a security update.
Description :
It was found that a Certificate Authority (CA) mis-issued two
intermediate certificates to customers. These certificates could be
used to launch man-in-the-middle attacks. This update renders those
certificates as untrusted. This covers all uses of the certificates,
including SSL, S/MIME, and code signing.
See also :
Solution :
Run 'yum update nss' to update your system.
Risk factor :


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There is some confusing information posted in this thread and I'd like to clear it up.
You cannot just choose to make a shotgun into an AOW or an SBS. It can only be an AOW if it NEVER had a shoulder stock attached. This can be done 2 ways. 1. Buy a pistol grip shotgun and cut the barrel or 2. Buy a virgin receiver (this is what SERBU does).
If the gun EVER had a shoulder stock, an SBS is the only option. An SBS can have either a shoulder stock, OR a pistol grip.
The $5 transfer is only for buying an already made AOW, like from Serbu. Manufacturing an AOW is $200 tax stamp, as is manufacturing OR transferring an SBS, SBR, Suppressor, or FA.
I chose to manufacture an SBS from a used Wingmaster I found at a gun shop. It is currently sporting a 12" barrel. I upgraded some parts, refinished the whole thing.
Pics below.
I removed the light mount, in favor of the Wilson sling mount, but this pic shows the end of the barrel area well.


text:
In Print: |
Now Playing : Peripeteia (pronounced by actor Anthony Hopkins)
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Greek Forum: Post a question / Start a discussion
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Reference address : http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/lessons/player.asp?d=peripeteia


text:
Reviews for Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell Blacklist (NA)
A great stealth game, but not really a Splinter Cell one.
JURGMANDR | July 26, 2014 | See all JURGMANDR's reviews »I was super mad when Ironside got replaced as Sam Fisher, but I honestly quit caring about an hour into the game.The gameplay was so damn good (the story was enthralling as well) that it mitigated the jarring change in voice actors. The story was well paced and kept me playing for hours at a time. The side missions are very entertaining as well (especially Kobin's missions where you have to eliminate whole swaths of enemies without being detected). I chose to play most missions either ghost or panther style which excluding a few setpiece moments is a very viable option. There are lots of nooks and crannies to explore (pipes to climb, vents to hide in, sewers to crawl through) as either style. Conviction was a fun game, but didn't have quite as much stealth as Splinter Cell fans wanted. This game does. The melee kills/knockouts are really fun (like always) and the new killing in motion concept was pretty damn cool. TLDR: It was polished, controls really well, told a great story, and scratches a stealth junkie's itch. Uplay is kind of and I had some troubles with it, but I turned it to offline mode and no problems since.
Sam is back
sergebelanger22 | July 23, 2014 | See all sergebelanger22's reviews »In Splinter Cell Blacklist, Sam Fisher is now the leader of a small squad. In some of the missions, he will be helped. In some other, he will work alone.
What I liked of this game is that you can complete each missions of the campaign by 3 different ways. You can do them by playing stealth, by killing almost everyone or by a mix of the 2 first. the paiement that you receive after each missions allows you to unlock some guns, gadgets and additionnal gadget space. It will depend on how you completed the missions.
There are also 16 additional missions that you can play coop, or solo for 12 of them.
The multiplayer is also nice, but playing as a spy is really hard compared to being a mercenary.
The story is also good, but 100% predictable. I really hope that there will be another Splinter Cell game in the same type than this one. I highly recommend this game to anyone, should you like stealth games or action games.
I hope the next
cristiano171 | June 10, 2014 | See all cristiano171's reviews »To the surprise of many people (especially taking into account the hatred of Sam and what we know about this character through Splinter Cell: Conviction - Grim comes to fear for the life of man, in the hands of Sam at one point) until the criminal Andriy Kobin becomes an ally of the 4th Echelon, with the right to participate in crucial moments and appearance in time "happy-happy" at the end of the campaign. Yeah, things change.
I get to say that Splinter Cell: Blacklist is the most ambitious, bold and intriguing title of the series so far. Not only has the protagonist suffering a "upgrade" huge (someone hunted and reputation shattered in early Conviction for leading an important team in Blacklist), the game itself has very interesting news. Active Sprint feature, by the way, is quite useful in allowing us to run quickly using just one button. Observe the character performing jumps and other moves quickly and fluidly is also very beautiful. I've been through some pretty strange situations also involving the death of nearby targets. One of them, in this case, was facing the other (a controller of drones). My intention was to kill them quickly with a pistol, without using the "Mark & Execute" feature. Well, what was my surprise to kill one of them and realize that the other, looking at the (now) defunct or moved? Obviously, these are details that can even be totally disregarded, especially if we take into account the large amount of content contained in the package and how the replay factor was increased considerably. But these details are not beaten, of course.
I also thought the poor performance of Eric Johnson as the voice of Sam Fisher. Gave miss veteran Michael Ironside, the way the Fisher was capable of some cynical taken. Sam Fisher Eric Johnson sounds too seriously. Too tough, and worst of all is that if you think about it, until it combines with the character. But maybe this is a silly schism of an old fan of the franchise. Also missed something very cool that was introduced in Splinter Cell: Conviction: interrogation (I'd love to have queried the Sadiq). But that's okay. Remember also that the game has subtitles in Portuguese Brazil. One more point for Ubisoft. And not only that: it is also possible we activate the voice acting in Portuguese from Brazil.
Conclusion Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist is a great stealth action game, able to please even the few who played titles in the genre. The player can use various types of approach and is even kindly invited to revisit previous missions to try a new strategy. The game has a lot of content, and all this is integrated, is part of a set that leaves no explicit (which is great) where the singleplayer stop and where does the multiplayer. And its end, incidentally, has a huge hook for a sequel, whether due to a sentence as due to a certain result obtained from one of the moments in the game that we play the Fifth Freedom. If you are looking for a good spy story, lots of action, and like games that leave you free to complete the same mission in many ways, do not waste time.


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First of all, welcome to one of the best games I have ever had the privilege to be a part of. Enjoy your time playing an excellent, free game, and I hope I see you online! The point of this thread is to serve as a jumpstart for those who have played DotA or even RTS games before. If you're looking for specific guides, head over to the New Player Forums for general advice or the Guides & Strategy forum for specific champions or ideas. For those of you who have never played DotA or any other similar game,this thread is a great place to start with information. The tutorial in game will help, as well. Before you even play The importance of not leaving a game in the middle of it cannot be stressed enough. If you leave, you ruin 9 other people's experience. Also, you do not gain ip or xp, you lose some IP for your next 8 games, you get a leave AND a loss marked on your sheet, you lose Elo even if your team wins, and, finally, if you leave too many games your account will be permanently banned. League of Legends uses a level system similar to a role-playing game. As you win (or lose), you gain experience and level up. You gain more rune slots and access to new summoner spells, as well as gaining a point to put in to the excellent Mastery system. It also uses a currency system. It's very important to note that you cannot buy 'power' in League of Legends. RP can only be used to purchase champions faster or cool, non-stat giving skin changes. IP, which you earn by playing the game, can be used to purchase everything that could possibly affect gameplay. When you first start, you have a single mastery point. You should head to your Summoner Profile in the upper-right hand corner, and load it. You'll see multiple options across the top. If you are a new player, Ranked Stats will not be available. Also, Achievements have not been implemented, so that will be grayed out as well. Go ahead and head to the Masteries tab and spend your point. I always suggest either putting it in the Defensive tree (+armor or +magic resist) or the Utility tree (-time dead, if you're worried about dying, or Haste, because Ghost is amazing). As you level your summoner, you'll earn more points. It's a good idea for newer players to stack Defense or Utility instead of Offense - staying alive is important As you level, you'll also earn rune slots. Currently, you don't have any runes, but they can be purchased for IP in the store. Remember, you earn IP from playing - don't be afraid to purchase a few cheap Tier 1 runes to round out your page, and then buy tier 3 runes once you hit level 20. Differences between DotA and LoL League of Legends has a wide variety of features that are not available in DotA. In addition to every champion being a brand new champion (aka, no clones), and every item being unique as well, there great new changes that add variety to the gameplay, such as brush, jungle buffs, and a new item shop. Items Shop: When you open the item shop, you'll be shown a basic page, from which you browse from. By going in to the different sections, you'll find more information. Looking for a +hp, +dmg item? Either go to attack -> damage, or go to defense -> health, and you'll find it in both places! Recommended items There is a new 'recommended items' section in the upper-right hand corner. This section is a guide to new players, in order to show them a good build for their champion. Remember that the recommended items are not always the best items for the situation - that magic resist item doesn't really do much against 5 physical dps enemies. The first item, on the left, of the recommended items tab is your suggested starting item. It's usually a good idea to buy a health potion or two to accompany the item. Usually the item is either a Doran's item (doesn't build in to anything) or is a combo item for something that you will build in to. Jungle Buffs: Jungle buffs replace DotA's rune system. By killing the large golem, large lizard, or Baron Nashor, you can get a buff that lasts for 2.5 minutes that assists you greatly. In addition, the Dragon provides team-wide benefits as well. At the bottom is a screenshot of the mini-map with the important creep spawns circled. Here's what they do: G - Golem - Regenerates 1.5% mana or energy per second and gives a scaling cooldown reduction buff. L - Lizard - Physical attacks give the target a short Damage over Time debuff and slows them as well B - Baron Nashor - spawns at 15 minutes - gives a team-wide buff that increases your health and mana regeneration, as well as increased attack power and ability power D - Dragon - gives a team-wide experience and gold boost. Brush: Brush is one of the most important additions to League of Legends. The brush is a Line of Sight(LoS) blocker that is placed around the map. Hiding in the brush will prevent anyone not in the brush from seeing you. Also, you cannot see past brush, so it's a great way to set up an ambush or gank someone. Other changes: The targeting system in League of Legends is similar to an MMORPG. You cannot de-select your champion - however, if you left click a unit, you will target them and see their stats across the top of your screen. Your buffs and debuffs are above your spell selection area. DotA players will also notice there is no denying. If you are curious about why, you may check out Zileas' Original post about advanced mechanics. It's a bit out-dated, but outlines the discussion quite well. Unlike DotA, Orb effects stack. Yes, you can lifesteal, slow, and armor debuff them with each individual attack, if you have the items. Inhibitors, LoL's version of the barracks,do actually respawn. For the duration they are down, you get 1 super minion in that lane. And, if you manage to get all 3 down, you get 2x super minions in all 3 lanes. Joining Games League of Legends has three types of matches: Practice, Normal, and Ranked. Practice games are similar to your DotA pug - They are mostly for new players or to play against friends, but some players use them to test new builds or champions. Normal games are matchmade and semi-competitive. You gain 100% of your normal IP or XP in these games, and is generally the most played mode. Ranked matches are highly competitive, and have long-term stat tracking and ladders for them. Good luck, and enjoy your games! Updated 10/12/2010
Wow Larias. It looks like you are turning a new leaf with the forum changes. Hope you keep this up! Also, this is a very informative post, so I would reccomend everyone read through it fully, and go to all of the links.
The Loki
Associate QA Analyst
good **** Larias also new people, remember to ask for help if it's your first game people will be glad to help and give you pointers. If you don't ask about stuff that you're not clear about the experienced players can't help
It got stickied? o.o
Good for you Larias. Nice, constructive post. Thanks for the info.
sorry larias im kinda smashed didnt see you had this post up before i posted mine.
Gj Larias, great post and congrats on the first sticky.
Director of Player Experience
Good work sir!
Senior Recruiter
Ragequitting is unacceptable. Players have been banned from League of Legends for ragequitting too much. This made me smile. I hope it continues to be enforced.


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Travel Agents
New Zealand travel agents can help you book your dream holiday, sourcing and comparing cheap flights from all major airlines and travel products world wide. Let your New Zealand travel agent arrange your flights, hotels, car rentals, tours, activities and cruises. more
Select Travel Agents in New Zealand by clicking on the map, using the region links or browse by the view all listings option.
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Blaine Gabbert
Blaine Gabbert comes out strong ... then leaves hurt
to see if Jaguars quarterback Blaine Gabbert would figure things out as he ..... the injured digit. Jags QB Blaine Gabbert sprained his right thumb ..... 2013 Sprained right thumb for Blaine Gabbert . He will have X-Rays at halftime
Blaine Gabbert Has a Theme Song. Blaine Gabbert Has a Theme Song?
Not at all. In no way is this explainable. Yet, Blaine Gabbert now has a theme song. Even better, it is set to Hulk ..... hair in common. Otherwise, no. In the preseason, Gabbert has some competition for the Jags starting spot, from
Connor Barwin thanks fans, coaches, Blaine Gabbert … just about everyone in full-page ad
leave anyone off the long list as it includes Jags QB Blaine Gabbert (because of all the sacks he has on him), Texans ..... Art Car Parade . What a classy gesture. Except the Blaine Gabbert part. That's just rude. Connor Barwin
49ers to acquire QB Blaine Gabbert from Jaguars
Francisco 49ers have agreed to acquire quarterback Blaine Gabbert from the Jacksonville Jaguars for a sixth-round ..... the 49ers said the deal would be complete once Gabbert passes a physical. Gabbert started the first three games for Jacksonville
Billick 101: Gabbert's Footwork
house the Jacksonville Jaguars and tells why he explained Gabbert is gonna be better in his second year. When Bob Brett cap ..... throw recant. Talk about some of the things that you could do Blaine Gabbert . You wanna bring focus for him for him to take that next
Bob bright house -- the Jacksonville Jaguars and tells why he explained Gabbert is gonna be better in his second year. When Bob Brett cap it off it's a quarter for the Jacksonville Jaguars coach you've got to. Second your quarterback Blaine -- very highly thought of coming out last year went through the normal trials and tribulations of any rookie. And I know when I was coaching cuts -- visit with people college coaches -- this as good quarterback needs to change this this this that you could do that and -- well I don't know if that pattern not a guy can either throw recant. Talk about some of the things that you could do -- Blaine Gabbert . You wanna bring focus for him for him to take that next while I think the biggest thing I mean both quarterbacks -
Gabbert's suspect outing leads to more questions on 49ers' backup plan
enjoy the same types of success. Blaine Gabbert , who the 49ers traded a sixth-round ..... with another forgetful display. Gabbert appeared hurried and indecisive ..... cornerback Omar Bolden. Later, Gabbert zeroed in on second-year wide
Jags ship Gabbert to 49ers, agree to deal with G Beadles
The Blaine Gabbert Era is over in Jacksonville. Jacksonville shipped Gabbert to the San Francisco 49ers for a sixth-round draft pick as free agency began on Tuesday afternoon. Gabbert went just 5-22 in three seasons as Jacksonville's
49ers sign Cook, finalize Gabbert trade
trade with Jacksonville for quarterback Blaine Gabbert when he passed a physical Friday. Cook ..... sixth-round pick to Jacksonville on Tuesday for Gabbert , pending a physical. The 24-year-old Gabbert was the 10th overall draft pick in 2011
Position review: QB Bortles takes his lumps in rookie season with Jags
Many of the unrestricted free agents are former first-round picks who never panned out as hoped. Among them: Blaine Gabbert , whose only action last season after the Jaguars traded him to San Francisco came when he threw seven passes in mop-up
Ponder knows four-year roller-coaster ride with Vikings coming to end
exception. Then came Jake Locker in Tennessee, likely on his way out this offseason as well. Jacksonville cut ties with Blaine Gabbert last offseason. Ponder was the fourth quarterback selected in the first round. "It was an interesting (experience


text: Start the press By: Bernadette Starzee November 2, 2012 1 Comment There comes a point in a growth-oriented company's life when it realizes networking and word-of-mouth will only take it so far. To get their name and story out to a broader customer base, some firms turn to public relations, often as part of a larger marketing program. When to take the plunge Six-year-old Converged Technology Group decided to outsource public relations and other marketing functions a ... Subscribe Login Email Address: Password: Already a paid subscriber but not registered for online access yet? For instructions on how to get premium web access, click here.Forgot your password? Print, Digital & Mobile1 Year$129 Digital & Mobile Only1 Month Intro Rate$2.99----------1 Year$99 Digital & Mobile Only1 Month Intro Rate$2.99----------1 Year$99 Print, Digital & Mobile1 Year$129 Print, Digital & Mobile1 Year$129----------Digital & Mobile Only1 Month Intro Rate$2.99----------1 Year$99 Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitterGoogle +1 ACDS business growth Campolo DCP Marketing Services Genser Dubow Genser & Cona Islandia marketing Middleton & McCormick PR public relations Small Business Technology 7:30 am Fri, November 2, 2012 Long Island Business News Bernadette Starzee


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What's going on in Seed Certification
It's official, OECD lot size limit has been increased to 55,000lbs (with a 5% tolerance) for most grass seed species. See the announcement from Seed Certification manager Dennis Lundeen HERE.
Seed Certification is now on Facebook! Follow us to get updates on what's happening, reminders of deadlines, and see pictures of what we do!
NEW! See Seed Certifications new Fee and Deadlines list here.
Click here to register for eCertification.


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Multi column layout control. Image 1. - Three column layout Introduction This control allows you to simply and automatically divide your HTML content into multiple columns and present articles in better readable multi-column layout.
If you look at the web pages of random newspapers, you'll notice that the width of article text is about 400px. SEO Two Columns Elastic CSS/Table/Div Page Layout. Content Area This layout has two columns: Navigation area on the left and Content area where main content is located.
One of many factors that search engines use when calculates ranking is location of the content in HTML of the page. It is better if your main content is on the top of the HTML. Because of that, in this page layout Content area comes first in HTML and Navigation area is second. CSS layouts. Skip to content Site navigation CSS layouts Date: 1 November 2002 Author: Russ Weakley Here are a range of free CSS page layouts, including 1, 2 and 3 column layouts – free to use and abuse as needed.
CSS Rounded Corners 'Roundup' 4Google + Note: This post is continually updated as I come across new techniques.
It is unique among the landscape of CSS frameworks – it consists of some basic CSS to get you started and best practices to help you build out webpages by adhering to a very strict separation of concerns at both the html content and CSS style levels. Like other CSS Frameworks, OOCSS expects you to build your content on top of your stylesheets instead of the other way around and it is well suited for sites that churn out lots of custom html pages that need to adhere to a common look and feel. The object oriented aspect of the framework is built on the concept of CSS Class Inheritance – a very powerful and natural concept. CSS Rounded Corners - border-radius. The ability to create rounded corners with CSS opens the possibility of subtle design improvements without the need to include images.
CSS rounded corners thus save us time in creating images and requests to the server. Today, rounded corners with CSS are supported by all of the major browsers: Safari, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Firefox. Let's look at border-radius syntax, caveats, and Internet Explorer support. Syntax and Standards. CSS Vertical Stretch. CSS Vertical Stretch Update: Due to Microsoft's release of IE 7, parts of this article have become outdated.
Please be aware that the * html hack for IE 6 causes some issues in IE 7. As an alternative, the best way to apply CSS rules for IE 6 is to use a separate stylesheet that is only read by IE 6 (or lower). Please read my article "Serving Up IE Specific Stylesheets" for more information. To apply the same rules that are listed with a * html hack below, remove the * html portion of the CSS rule and put the rest in your IE 6 stylesheet. New CSS Sticky Footer - 2010 - HTML for Bottom of Page Footer. The Perfect 2 Column Liquid Layout (double page): No CSS hacks. SEO friendly. iPhone compatible. Percentage dimensions of the double page layout All the dimensions are in percentage widths so the layout adjusts to any screen resolution.
Vertical dimensions are not set so they stretch to the height of the content. Why I think divs are better than tables. From CSS Discuss "Tables prompt eye-gouging hissyfits among accessibility advocates and Web designers of all stripes, whether oldschool or avant-garde. Both sides are saddled with myths and both argue in large part from ideology. CSS Wrap.
CSS Tutorial > Wrap Text wrap can be achieved in CSS using the white-space property.
Common values of this property are as follows: A CSS Sticky Footer. A CSS Sticky Footer that just works We've all tried to use a CSS Sticky Footer one time or another, but they never seem to come out right, do they?
Well, the days of a hard to understand CSS Sticky Footer are thankfully over. With just a few simple CSS classes with minimal extra HTML markup, I've fashioned a CSS Sticky Footer that even beginners can get a handle on. It's been tested in IE 5 and up, Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Opera. Usage of the CSS Sticky Footer. CSS учебник и бесплатные уроки по каскадным таблицам стилей. CSS-Tricks по-русски.


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Product #: EMC0063020_TQTesselations (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 1|Grade 2|Grade 3Ships Free!
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
A math activity on the computer in which students fill the screen with colorful tessellations as they practice copying, pasting, and moving graphics. Includes teacher and student directions. NOTE: Always check computer directions to confirm that they are accurate and current.
Customer Reviews:
Submit a review


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Product Tags
- Our round umbrellas base works great with all of our umbrellas. This base is extremely durable and will hold up well in the outdoors. Available in Black or White.
- Price includes the complete umbrella base and FREE SHIPPING within the continental U.S.
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The Amy Gutmann and Michael Doyle Research Opportunities Fund is used at the discretion of the director of CURF to assist students with activities associated with their research. This may include covering the cost of travel to research sites, or assisting with living expenses during a research project away from campus. Other uses of the fund will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Applicants can expect to receive no more than $500 from this fund.
Applicants must be current undergraduate students, and must plan to use all funds received before the completion of their degree.
Application process:
There is no annual deadline; all applications will be considered in the order they are received, and decisions will be made by the director of CURF on the merits of the application and the needs of the applicant.
All applicants MUST discuss project plans with Dr. Harriet Joseph before applying.


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Cynde Reid Gustafson wrote:
From: "Cynde Reid Gustafson" <email@example.com>
Subject: Biological Invasions
Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2001 10:43:26 -0400
Biological Invasions
Biological Invasions publishes research papers on the patterns and processes
of biological invasions (both human-mediated introductions and natural range
expansions) in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine (including brackish)
ecosystems. Papers concerning: the ecological consequences of invasions
relative to alterations in community-ecosystem structure (including energy
flow, biodiversity, and invasion-mediated extinction), the factors that
influence inoculation, establishment, and persistence of invasions, the
mechanisms that control the abundance and distribution of invasive species,
biogeography, genetics, dispersal vectors, and the evolutionary consequences
of invasions in both historical and geological time are especially
encouraged, as are analytical syntheses and overviews of invasive biotas.
Also of interest are papers with theoretical bases on biocontrol and on the
release of genetically modified organisms as they illuminate the science of
biological invasions, as well as scholarly papers on management and policy
issues as they relate to conservation programs and the global amelioration
or control of invasions. The journal will consider proposals for special
issues resulting from conferences or workshops on invasions.
Subscribers have access to full-text articles.
Editor-in-Chief: James T. Carlton
Editor: email@example.com


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Let our experts help you handicap the day's races at Keeneland.
Please note that selections typically are available about 48 hours in advance of the race.
Jeremy Plonk has worked in the racing industry professionally for 20 years and has been a statistical consultant to Keeneland, Del Mar and Oaklawn Park, as well as NBC Sports and ESPN. He has been a national racing columnist for ESPN.com and Daily Racing Form and is the owner of Horse Player NOW, creators of the Night School national fan education program. A former chart caller for Equibase, he continues to be a public handicapper in the Horse Player NOW BUZZ report.
Jeremy Plonk's Keeneland Keys for Friday, October 10, 2014
What to Watch for Today: A record-sized field in the $100,000 Buffalo Trace Franklin County Stakes headlines the card as the distaff turf sprinters are in the spotlight. We've also got a quartet of two-year-old races on the menu. Rosie Napravnik, fresh off a riding double Thursday with two wins on her wedding anniversary, takes the call on five runners today.
Follow me on raceday two ways, either in the live blog/chat at the Keeneland website (http://www.keeneland.com/racing/racing-live-coverage) – also available on your mobile devices – or on Twitter @Keeenelandracing, where I provide up-to-the-minute picks and analysis.
Weather: Wet conditions are anticipated with an 80 percent chance of rain and temperatures topping just over 60 degrees. Keep an eye on the track and course conditions and handicap with an eye on the weather.
Keeneland Handicapping 101: Here we go race-by-race to give you the inside stats. Most information is gleaned from the free Keeneland Handicapping database (http://apps.keeneland.com/awstats/Default.asp) that you can manipulate and search for yourself as well!
Race 1 is a 2-year-old maiden claiming sprint to open the card. The first 3 maiden claiming heats at this Fall Meet all were won in front-running style, including a first-time starter and a runner who had been off since February at Oaklawn. So don't over-emphasize the little bit of form we see on paper. Trainer Ken McPeek likely will take some action with rookie Majestic Spring on his name alone, but note McPeek's 2-year-olds at Keeneland have shown the most success running longer. He hasn't won a Kee 2YO race at 6 furlongs since Fall 2009 and has only 3 such local wins dating back to Fall 2006.
Starter allowance foes battle in Race 2 at 6 furlongs. Surprisingly favorites have lost 8 straight Fall Meet starter allowances at Keeneland heading into this week's racing, and 19 of the last 22 dating back to 2010. Rusticana pulled a mild 5/1 upset in the only starter held opening weekend. Trainer Mike Maker's 6 Fall Meet starter allowance wins since 2006 are easily best of any trainer and he has A.P. Corsair as potential rail speed here under Julien Leparoux. Highroller Dave has won 6 straight races, though trainer Tom Amoss surprisingly only has 1 Fall starter allowance win at Keeneland since '06 (coming in 2011, Snuggs and Kisses as a 6/5 favorite).
Race 3 is a maiden claiming sprint, similar to the opener except that this one is for older horses. Early speed has been exceptional in sprints at the meet and certainly merits attention at this class level. Trainer Phil Sims is off to a super start to the meet and tries to keep it going with Smokin After Fun. Sims won Sunday's G1 Spinster with Don't Tell Sophia and wheeled back Wednesday to win a maiden claimer with comebacker Elemonate, who was VERY live on the toteboard. Another barn off to a fab start is Kellyn Gorder, and he'll counter with Kilted.
Race 4 continues the early-card maiden claiming presence, this time a 2-year-old route. Of trainer Mike Maker's Keeneland-best 61 route wins since Fall 2006 on any surface, shockingly only 2 of those came by horses stretching out from 1-turn sprints. That could make Artemus Storm a play-against. The Joan Scott barn already has one juvenile upset at the meet, 10/1 Ambidextrous Alex, and follows with another Woodbine shipper in Holy Change.
We hit the turf in Race 5 with a marathon allowance at 1-1/2 miles. Offspring of Dynaformer have excelled on the Kee lawn at this trip with 7 victories since Fall 2006 (no other sire has topped 3!). So give a pedigree look to Songoficeandfire for a Bill Mott barn that scored nicely on the lawn here on Wednesday. No trainer has come close to Graham Motion's 8 such wins in this category during that span, and he'll send out Weave. The average winner of these turf marathons is more than 6-1/4 lengths off the lead after the opening half-mile historically with only 2 of the 64 since Fall 2006 being on the lead at that juncture.
Two-year-old allowance runners sprint 6-1/2 furlongs in Race 6. Arlington invaders for Chris Block won the first pair of 2YO allowances this Fall Meet, and the AP contingent will have Larry Rivelli-trained Dom the Bomb and Mike Stidham's Indygo Bo in this lineup. And that AP influence isn't new at this class level – a dozen winners prepped last at Arlington have won Fall Meet N2L allowances since 2006, double the total of any other circuit. Conquest Big Luck E returns to Kentucky after summering at Del Mar, scratching from the G2 Best Bal and rebooting for a Fall run.
A capacity field of 12 has entered Race 7, a third-level turf allowance route. Favorites have won just 27% of the time in 122 full-field turf races since Fall 2006 at Keeneland with average $2 exotics payoffs of $132 in exactas, $1199 in trifectas and $11,638 in superfectas. Needless to say, this is the race of the day you want to attack from an exotics standpoint if you're looking to make a score. Posts 10-12 are a remarkable 9-for-21 in these capacity turf route fields at this particular 1-1/8 miles distance (more wins than posts 1-6 combined). Two-thirds (14) of those 21 winners were within 3 lengths of the lead after the opening half-mile.
Our fourth juvenile race of the afternoon comes in Race 8, a maiden special weight on the dirt. They've been popular program events with no less than 6 held opening week on the main track. Of the 3 that were sprints, all were won essentially wire-to-wire. Favorites were 4-for-6 in dirt MSWs opening week and 5 of 6 winners were 5/2 or less on the tote. Wins were spread among Saratoga (2), as well as Monmouth, Laurel, Woodbine and a lone first-time starter. Just a note: that while his name and connections may lead you to think that A. Rod Again is related to top 2014 sophomore General a Rod, there's no pedigree correlation.
We wrap the action in Race 10 with an open $10,000 claimer. The Kentucky-based runners have won the first 2 such races at this meet and 7 of the last 9 going back to 2013 Fall Meet. Relying on those from the KY circuits chops this very contentious field in half from 12 to 6 options. Night Patrol, whose trainer Wayne Catalano won $10k claimers here during the '09 and '10 Fall Meets most recently, is a difficult read. He goes for a third straight win, albeit off a 14-1/2 month layoff and colossal class drop. No horse has won a Kee Fall Meet $10k claimer without a start in the existing year during the length of our database, which dates to 2006.
Feature Race Play, courtesy of the Horseplayernow.com BUZZ Report:
A field of 14 – the first time we've seen this capacity in a turf sprint at Keeneland since our handicapping database began in 2006 – squares off in today's $100,000 Buffalo Trace Franklin County Stakes. Typically turf sprints have been restricted to 12 runners. Note that posts 1-2 and have accounted for only 3 wins in the 32 turf sprints in the database with 10 or more starters with nearly half (15) coming from posts 8 and out.
Only once in the last 8 years has the Franklin County been won on the front end, and the average winner during that time has been nearly 4 lengths off the lead after the opening half-mile, a considerable lean to closers when you consider that means there was only 1-1/2 furlongs to run at that juncture. The last 3 winners, in fact, have closed from at least 5-1/2 lengths back at that point.
Favorites have lost 6 of the last 7 Franklin County editions, including bomb winners at 33/1, 12/1 and 30/1 in just the past 4 years. In that time, 7 of the 8 winners exited turf preps between 5 and 6 furlongs in distance. Seven different last-prep locations have produced the last 8 winners of this race.
The wide posts won't scare me away and have been effective in these kind of races. Vuitton figures to be firing late in the right profile for this race and should offer attractive odds. Sweet Cassiopeia and Free as a Bird also will be launching late from wide draws and considered dangerous.
Feel free to drop me an E-mail anytime at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Smart Materials Research
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 957460, 5 pages
Improved Performance of the Piezoelectric Monomorph with Perpendicular Electrode Connections for Sensing and Energy Harvesting
Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Received 18 January 2013; Accepted 18 March 2013
Academic Editor: Xiaoning Jiang
Copyright © 2013 Ming Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Piezoelectric monomorph, which has only one element, is a potential structure for piezoelectric applications in some extreme conditions. But as the restriction of the strain neutral layer, the traditional parallel electrode connection is not effective for sensing and energy harvesting. In this paper, perpendicular electrode connections were designed to utilize the nonuniform shear piezoelectric effect in the cross section of the monomorph, which made the monomorph avoid the restriction of the strain neutral layer. The PZT5 ceramic monomorph was preliminarily studied in this experiment. By comparing seven forms of perpendicular electrode connections with the traditional parallel electrode connection, the whole superposed perpendicular electrode connection is considered as the optimal output way for the monomorph. It can produce 13 V peak-to-peak (pk-pk) voltage in open circuit and 14.56 μW maximum power with the matching resistance, which are much more than the parallel electrode connection 0.78 V and 0.14 μW.
1. Introduction
Piezoelectric cantilever is widely used in the piezoelectric device for sensing and energy harvesting [1–6]. At room temperature and ambient pressure, unimorph and bimorph, which utilize the lateral extensional piezoelectric effect, are considered as a promising solution for sensing and energy harvesting [7, 8]. But when both of the above composite structures are used under the relative tough environment, such as high temperature and high pressure or low temperature and low pressure, the stability and performance of the device will be lower as the thermal-oxidative degradation and the low temperature brittleness of the bonding materials between different components. Even in the normal situation, the internal stresses and the permanent strain in the bonding layer will lead to the rapid deterioration of the device after long time using [9].
As for the simplest transducer that has only one piezoelectric component, the piezoelectric monomorph avoids the bonding issues and is considered as the only solution in the extreme conditions. But the existence of the strain neutral layer, which is in the middle of the thickness of the piezoelectric element, neutralizes the positive and negative induced charges [10]. As a result, with the traditional parallel electrode connection, the monomorph is not effective in the piezoelectric applications. In order to improve the performance of the monomorph, many studies have been focused on the nonuniform polarization inside the piezoelectric materials. Based on the nonuniform distribution of the electric field caused by the semiconductor-metal electrode contact, a monomorph of semiconductive piezoelectric ceramics was researched as an actuator, which can make a bend curvature comparable to bimorph [11]. With a ferroelectric inversion layer caused by heat treatment at a lower temperatures than the Curie point, a LiNbO3 monomorph was studied to make the piezoelectric device without the bonding layer [12]. Monomorph with functional gradients materials was researched because of the constitutional gradation between the composite components, which made the strain neutral layer deviate from the middle of the thickness [13]. Recently, the piezoelectric monomorph with interdigitated electrodes was studied, which utilized the nonuniform d33 coupling along the length to make the monomorph more effective in piezoelectric application [14, 15].
In this work, the piezoelectric monomorph with perpendicular electrode connections was researched preliminarily to utilize the nonuniform shear piezoelectric effect in the cross section for sensing and energy harvesting.
As shown in Figure 1, when the cantilever is bent by a tip force , there is a nonuniform distribution of the shear strain along the width, which is the result of the uneven stresses near the fixed end. Meanwhile, the maximum shear strains concentrate near the four surfaces of the monomorph and are opposite between the horizontal surface and the vertical surface. In order to utilize the nonuniform shear strain, the piezoelectric monomorph with perpendicular electrodes is designed. The nonuniform shear piezoelectric effect can be presented as where is the electric displacement that is utilized by the perpendicular electrodes, is the nonuniform shear strain in the cross section of the bending monomorph, and is the piezoelectric constant that presents the nonuniform piezoelectric effect between the perpendicular electrodes.
2. Experimental Procedure
In the experiment, a PZT ceramic sheet with the length of , thickness of , and width of was used as a prototype (Figure 2(a)). The sheet was polarized along the thickness direction with the electric field of 3 kV/mm at 100°C, and the piezoelectric coefficient d31 is . Then, the top and bottom faces of the sheet, which were perpendicular to the -axis, were painted with the partial room temperature silver electrodes that were wide and spaced width with two edges, respectively. The whole covered room temperature silver electrodes were painted on both of the side faces that were perpendicular to the -axis. Four wires were leaded from each electrode of the sheet. The identifier of each wire was shown in Figure 2(b).
The experimental setup is shown in Figure 3(a). The mechanical shaker (Nanjing Foneng Co., HEV200), which was used to vibrate the monomorph, was driven by an arbitrary function generator (NF WF1974) and a power amplifier (NF HSA4014). The output voltage of the monomorph was monitored by an oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS2022B). The acceleration of the base was measured by a piezoelectnic accelerometer and a charge amplifier. Then the monomorph was clamped on the base with a tip mass as a cantilever. In Figure 3(b), there are eight forms of electrode connections. Connection 1-2 was the conventional parallel electrode connection, which was used to be compared with perpendicular electrode connections. As a result of the symmetry of the structure, there were four perpendicular electrode connections in the monomorph, which include connection 1–3, connection 1–4, connection 2-3, and connection 2–4. Based on the above analysis that both side faces of the monomorph had the same charge distribution, the partial superposed perpendicular electrode connections were made by superposing both side wires, which include connection 1–34 and connection 2–34. Then by superposing the top and bottom wires of the partial superposed perpendicular electrode connections, the whole superposed perpendicular electrode connection (connection 12–34) was made.
3. Results and Discussion
Based on the above eight forms of electrode connections, the peak-to-peak (pk-pk) open circuit voltages of the PZT ceramic monomorph without tip mass, with 0.7 g, and 1.4 g tip mass were tested at the resonance frequencies 414 Hz, 227 Hz, and 171 Hz, respectively. The vibration acceleration was 11 m/s2. As shown in Figure 4, more tip masses made the monomorph with increased prestress and lower resonant frequency, which induced higher voltage. However, even with 1.4 g tip mass, the monomorph with connection 1-2 only produced less than 1 V pk-pk voltage in open circuits, which implied that the parallel electrode connection is not effective for piezoelectric output. In comparison, the perpendicular electrode connections can produce 9.37 V pk-pk open circuit voltages with 1.4 g tip mass, which is more effective than connection 1-2. The output voltages of four perpendicular electrode connections that were in the same level also corroborated that both side faces of the monomorph had the same charge distribution. By superposing the induced charge of two side faces, the partial superposed perpendicular electrode connections included connection 1–34 and connection 2–34. They can produce 12.6 V pk-pk voltage with 1.4 g tip mass. This was because the superposition of the perpendicular electrode connections increased the effective area of the charge distribution, which made the monomorph produce higher voltage. In order to make full use of the induced charges, the whole superposed perpendicular electrode connection (connection 12–34) was made. It can produce 13 V pk-pk voltage with 1.4 g tip mass, which was considered as the optimal piezoelectric output way of the monomorph with perpendicular electrodes. In addition, when the top and bottom electrodes of the monomorph were superposed, there was only 0.4 V pk-pk voltage increased from connection 12–34 to connection 1–34. By contrast, when both side electrodes were superposed, there was 3.2 V pk-pk voltage increased from connection 1–34 to connection 1–3. This indicates that the side electrodes make the primary contribution for the output voltage of the perpendicular electrode connection.
The pk-pk voltages and output power of various connections under external load resistances were tested with 11 m/s2 acceleration and 1.4 g tip mass at 171 Hz. As shown in Figure 5(a), the pk-pk voltages of various electrode connections increase as the external resistance increases and then tend to be stable. Connection 1-2 produced the pk-pk voltage in lower level than others, which tended to be stable after 300 kΩ. For connection 1–3, the pk-pk voltage tended to be stable after 3 MΩ. It indicates that the internal impedance of the perpendicular electrode connection is larger than the parallel electrode connection. However, as specified in Figure 5(a), even with the resistance less than 100 kΩ, the perpendicular electrode connection also can produce a higher voltage than the parallel electrode connection.
The output power is calculated by the formula , where is the pk-pk voltage, and is the external load resistance. As shown in Figure 5(b), the power increases with the increasing external resistance, and reaches the maximum value with the matching resistance, then decreases. Compared with connection 1-2, which produced the maximum power of only 0.14 μW with the matching resistance about 100 kΩ, the maximum output power of connection 1–3 can be 4.41 μW with 800 kΩ. As specified in Figure 5(b), even with a lower external load resistance that is less than 100 kΩ, the output power of the perpendicular electrode connection is also more than the traditional parallel electrode connection. This indicates that the perpendicular electrode connection is more effective than the conventional parallel electrode connection for energy harvesting, which is the result of avoiding the restriction of the stain neutral layer. Regarding the superposition of the perpendicular electrode connection, connection 12–34 can produce the maximum power 14.56 μW with the matching resistance, which is a little more than connection 1–34 that produces 12.67 μW. The whole superposed perpendicular electrode connection can maximize the piezoelectric output of the piezoelectric monomorph to harvest the vibration energy. Moreover, by comparing the maximum power between connection 12–34 and connection 1–34, there was only 1.4 μW increased. It indicates that the superposition of the top and bottom electrodes also has less effect on the output power of the monomorph than that of the side electrodes.
4. Conclusions
In conclusion, the nonuniform shear piezoelectric effect, which was utilized by the perpendicular electrode connections, was studied in the PZT5 ceramic monomorph. The output voltage and power can be improved by perpendicular electrode connections resulting from avoiding the restriction of the strain neutral layer. By comparing the output of eight forms of electrode connection, the whole superposed electrode connection was considered as the optimal way of the monomorph for higher voltage and more power. In the specific application environments, which require avoiding the bonding issues or the restriction of the strain neutral layer, the monomorph with perpendicular electrode connections can be considered as a solution. In addition, in order to maximize the efficiency of the energy converting, further work on the strain distribution of the nonuniform shear piezoelectric effect in the monomorph is required.
This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (Grant no. 2009CB623306) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant no. 2010DFR50480).
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CMRI: A Traditional Catholic Religious Congregation
The Religious Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI) is dedicated to the preservation and spread of the traditional Catholic Faith. CMRI is responsible for over 50 traditional Catholic churches and Mass centers both in the U.S. and abroad, a number of schools staffed by religious, several publications, and a comprehensive online Catholic store. Read more about how these traditional Catholic priests, Brothers and Sisters live and spread the authentic Catholic Faith and the Fatima Message...
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2015 | The year 2015 is Mount St. Michael's Centennial Year! The year began with an Open House and the Grand Opening of the Mount St. Michael Museum on Saturday, January 17th and Sunday, January 18th 2015. During the CMRI priests' meetings at the Mount earlier that week, a Solemn High Requiem Mass was offered for the Jesuits who were responsible for building Mount St. Michael. (See photos here.) | |
March 6-8 | CMRI Sisters Vocations Weekend: Young women who are at least juniors in high school up to age 35 are welcome to attend. Spend a few days with the Sisters to learn more about the religious life and explore the possibility that God might be calling you. Please call (509-467-0986 ext. 103) or email the Vocations Directress for more information or if you have any questions. If traveling expenses make it impossible, please contact us; we may be able to help. | |
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Recent Events
Solemn High Requiem Mass:
During the CMRI priests' meetings at Mount St. Michael, a Solemn High Requiem Mass was offered in honor of the Mount's Centennial for the deceased Jesuits who built Mount St. Michael and are buried in the cemetery there. Most fittingly, the priests themselves formed the choir for the Mass. |
Fatima Conference 2014 Photo Gallery:
Fatima and the Great Apostasy (Oct. 8-12, 2014). CD recordings of all the lectures are available, as well as a beautiful DVD photo slideshow with music of many highlights of this year's Conference. |
Current Editions of CMRI's Publications
The Reign of Mary CMRI's quarterly magazine: (Subscribe) Issue No. 156 is out! The sedevacantist position is a serious one. It is also logical and quite simple. In fact, it is the most logical explanation for this crisis in the Catholic Church today. As Bergoglio's words and actions continue to baffle sincere Catholics throughout the world, many are looking for answers. The current issue of The Reign of Mary features an article on Sedevacantism, written by the Most. Rev. Mark Pivarunas, CMRI, during the time of John Paul II. This explanation of our position is a synopsis that is applicable to each of the Vatican II "popes." Complementing this article is a work by Rev. Fr. Anthony Cekada on sedevacantism in regards to Bergoglio, with a focus on impediments to the papacy. Highlighting a champion of the sedevacantist movement, readers will enjoy part III of a series on the late Archbishop Moises Carmona. Having only recently finished the month of the Holy Souls, we also present a sermon given by Fr. Bernard Uttley on the avoidance of Purgatory, and a soul-stirring piece by Fr. Gabriel Lavery, on what our sins have done to Our Lady. Haven't subscribed yet? Now you have more reason! For a complete outline of articles, click here. |
Adsum Mater Dei Seminary's free monthly newsletter: (Subscribe) January 2015: The horror of the "Synod on the Family" — even Conciliar Catholics are considering sedevacantism; upcoming priests' meeting in Spokane later in January. Photos: Minor Orders of Porter & Lector, First Vows of Brother Thomas Lawrence, CMRI. Moral Theology: Frequent Communion of the Sick, Obligation to Hear a Complete Mass. |
Anima Mariae (Soul of Mary) CMRI Sisters' free quarterly newsletter: (Subscribe) In our Winter 2014 issue of the Anima Mariae we share the good news that we have three new postulants who were received on November 21, the feast of Our Lady's Presentation. Our vocational column explains what it's like to attend Vocations Weekend — which, by the way, is scheduled for March 6-8, 2015. As usual, this issue also features a selection of photos from the past three months. Novenas: Our Lady of Prompt Succor (January 15) and Our Lady of Lourdes (February 11). Our next issue: March. |
Traditional Catholic Books and Religious Goods: Browse through Mary Immaculate Queen Center, staffed by the CMRI Sisters, and see their comprehensive selection of traditional Catholic books, pamphlets and calendars, as well as Catholic music and DVD's, rosaries, scapulars, crucifixes and much more. Be sure to sign up at the bottom of MIQ's home page for our free mailing list so the Sisters can let you know about specials, new items, etc. |
Of Special Interest
Reclaiming a Hijacked Priesthood: Ordained in the modern Catholic Church in 2008, Fr. Michael Oswalt soon came to see that not only were his orders invalid, but that his Church was not truly the Catholic Church. He came to Mount St. Michael in January of 2010 to prepare for ordination in the traditional Catholic rite, and was ordained to the priesthood on June 29, 2011.
View Fr. Oswalt's online interview (2009) His letter to the clergy of the diocese of Rockford, a superb explanation of why the modern Church is not truly the Catholic Church, was published in Issue No. 138 of The Reign of Mary and may also be read at this link.
Also available: Feb. 2010 Talk at Mount St. Michael (CD)
"Reclaiming a Hijacked Priesthood: One Man's Story" (CD)


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