text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents |
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents July 29, 2012 - 6:25pm Addthis Energy-efficient light bulbs are available today and could save you about $50 per year in energy costs when you replace 15 traditional incandescent bulbs in your home. Energy-efficient light bulbs are available today and could save you about $50 per year in energy costs when you replace 15 traditional incandescent bulbs in your home. Compared to traditional incandescents, energy-efficient lightbulbs such as energy-saving incandescents, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs) have the following advantages: Typically use about 25%-80% less energy, saving you money
How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescent...
How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents July 29, 2012 - 6:25pm Addthis...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | December 1, 2010 What to Do if a Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) Bulb or
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Fluorescent Light (CFL) Bulb or Fluorescent Tube Light Bulb Breaks in Your Home1 Fluorescent light bulbs contain a small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing. When a fluorescent bulb breaks in your home, some of this mercury is released as mercury vapor. The broken bulb can continue to release
McConnell, Terry
DOE Withdraws the Energy Star Label from 34 Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs
the Energy Star Label from 34 Compact Fluorescent the Energy Star Label from 34 Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs DOE Withdraws the Energy Star Label from 34 Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs January 26, 2010 - 11:41am Addthis Washington, DC - On January 25th, the General Counsel notified 25 manufacturers that the Department of Energy has withdrawn their right to use the Energy Star label on 34 different models of compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs). The Department took this action after its off-the-shelf testing revealed that the affected models do not last as long in regular use as Energy Star certification would require. As a result, these manufacturers have been informed that they can no longer ship or sell any of the 34 models of CFLs bearing the Energy Star label on the bulb or its packaging. All compact fluorescent light bulbs use about 75 percent less energy and
Mercury Lamps Recycling Fluorescent light-tubes, compact fluorescent bulbs, mercury and sodium vapor lamps, ultraviolet and
Mercury Lamps Recycling Fluorescent light-tubes, compact fluorescent bulbs, mercury and sodium light tubes are recycled. They are made from aluminum and metal. Aluminum is a silver-white metal and is very light in weight and strong. Because aluminum is ductile, it can be drawn into wires or pressed
Ungerleider, Leslie G.
Spatial assessment of net mercury emissions from the use of fluorescent bulbs
SciTech Connect
While fluorescent lighting is an important technology for reducing electrical energy demand, mercury used in the bulbs is an ongoing concern. Using state and country level data, net emissions of mercury from the marginal use of fluorescent lightbulbs are examined for a base year of 2004 for each of the 50 United States and 130 countries. Combustion of coal for electric power generation is generally the largest source of atmospheric mercury pollution; reduction in electricity demand from the substitution of incandescent bulbs with fluorescents leads to reduced mercury emissions during the use of the bulb. This analysis considers the local mix of power sources, coal quality, thermal conversion efficiencies, distribution losses, and any mercury control technologies that might be in place. Emissions of mercury from production and end-of-life treatment of the bulbs are also considered, providing a life-cycle perspective. Net reductions in mercury over the entire life cycle range from -1.2 to 97 mg per bulb depending on the country. The consequences for atmospheric mercury emissions of several policy scenarios are also discussed. 46 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
Matthew J. Eckelman; Paul T. Anastas; Julie B. Zimmerman [Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States). Department of Chemical Engineering
Bulb mounting of solar cell
An energy converting assembly is provided for parasiting of light from a fluorescent light bulb utilizing a solar cell. The solar cell is mounted on a base member elongated in the dimension of elongation of the fluorescent bulb, and electrical interconnections to the cell are provided. A flexible sheet of opaque material having a flat white interior reflective surface surrounds the fluorescent bulb and reflects light emitted from the bulb back toward the bulb and the solar cell. The reflective sheet is tightly held in contact with the bottom of the bulb by adhesive, a tie strap, an external clip, or the like.
Thompson, M.E.
Fluorescence Enhancement of White-Light Cadmium Selenide Nanocrystals.
??Advances are being made in lighting technology, as incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs become less efficient compared to solid-state lighting devices, especially light-emitting diodes (LEDs).� (more)
Rosson, Teresa Ellen
The History of the Light Bulb | Department of Energy
The History of the Light Bulb The History of the Light Bulb The History of the Light Bulb November 22, 2013 - 1:00pm Addthis History of the Light Bulb Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs Daniel Wood Daniel Wood Data Integration Specialist What are the key facts? Like all great inventions, the light bulb can't be credited to one inventor. It was a series of small improvements on the ideas of previous inventors that have led to the light bulbs we use in our homes today. Learn more about the history of the incandescent light bulb. Explore the history of fluorescent lights, from the Geissler tube to CFLs. Read about the advancements in LED lights. More than 150 years ago, inventors began working on a bright idea that would have a dramatic impact on how we use energy in our homes and offices.
Jacketed lamp bulb envelope
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A jacketed lamp bulb envelope includes a ceramic cup having an open end and a partially closed end, the partially closed end defining an aperture, a lamp bulb positioned inside the ceramic cup abutting the aperture, and a reflective ceramic material at least partially covering a portion of the bulb not abutting the aperture. The reflective ceramic material may substantially fill an interior volume of the ceramic cup not occupied by the bulb. The ceramic cup may include a structural feature for aiding in alignment of the jacketed lamp bulb envelope in a lamp. The ceramic cup may include an external flange about a periphery thereof. One example of a jacketed lamp bulb envelope includes a ceramic cup having an open end and a closed end, a ceramic washer covering the open end of the ceramic cup, the washer defining an aperture therethrough, a lamp bulb positioned inside the ceramic cup abutting the aperture, and a reflective ceramic material filling an interior volume of the ceramic cup not occupied by the bulb. A method of packing a jacketed lamp bulb envelope of the type comprising a ceramic cup with a lamp bulb disposed therein includes the steps of filling the ceramic cup with a flowable slurry of reflective material, and applying centrifugal force to the cup to pack the reflective material therein.
MacLennan, Donald A. (Gaithersburg, MD); Turner, Brian P. (Damascus, MD); Gitsevich, Aleksandr (Gaithersburg, MD); Bass, Gary K. (Mt. Airy, MD); Dolan, James T. (Frederick, MD); Kipling, Kent (Gaithersburg, MD); Kirkpatrick, Douglas A. (Great Falls, VA); Leng, Yongzhang (Damascus, MD); Levin, Izrail (Silver Spring, MD); Roy, Robert J. (Frederick, MD); Shanks, Bruce (Gaithersburg, MD); Smith, Malcolm (Alexandria, VA); Trimble, William C. (Columbia, MD); Tsai, Peter (Olney, MD)
CFL Bulbs: Good or Bad for the Environment? Q: I've heard that CFL bulbs contain mercury and that mercury is
mercury, a tiny amount primarily in vapor form. It is what makes the bulb give off light determines the color of the light that you see. The amount of mercury involved in a typical CFL bulb is 5, there is nothing "magic" about CFL bulbs in this regard. This is exactly how regular fluorescent light tubes work
Tired of changing light bulbs AND want to save money? Still using 100 year-old technology?
Tired of changing light bulbs AND want to save money? Still using 100 year-old technology? TAKE THE COMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULB CHALLENGE! · A 23 W Compact bulb gives the same light as a 100W regular are you waiting for? Count up the number of light bulbs in your home and go out and replace them
How Many CASTLE Bulbs Would You Need To Match the Brightness of the Sun?
million miles), so if we were to try to build the Sun out of light bulbs, we'd need a bunch! But, how many objects: the Sun, and a CASTLE light bulb. What do we mean by "brightness?" The electromagnetic (EM radiation, while the more efficient fluorescent bulb emits only visible light. Everyone knows
Collar, Juan I.
Wiring Switches to Light Bulbs
Given n buttons and n bulbs so that the ith button toggles the ith bulb and at most two other bulbs, we compute the sharp lower bound on the number of bulbs that can be lit regardless of the action of the buttons.
Buckley, Stephen M
Sales of specialty incandescent bulbs decline despite ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
... and light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Several manufacturers offer CFL three-way bulbs to replace incandescent three-way bulbs. LEDs, ...
Waste Toolkit A-Z Light bulbs
Waste Toolkit A-Z Light bulbs Can I recycle light bulbs? It depends what type of bulbs you have for the `hazardous' symbol on the packaging or on the light bulb (crossed out wheelie bin symbol). How can I recycle light bulbs? Standard filament bulbs Put in the waste bin (landfill waste) as these are not classified
Melham, Tom
Search EIA.gov. A-Z Index; ... like three-way bulbs and appliance bulbs, are exempted from congressionally-legislated energy efficiency standards.
Replacing Fluorescent Lightbulbs | Department of Energy
Replacing Fluorescent Lightbulbs Replacing Fluorescent Lightbulbs Replacing Fluorescent Lightbulbs July 29, 2012 - 6:37pm Addthis Although fluorescent lightbulbs are generally energy efficient, you can replace them with new, even more efficient bulbs that use better electrodes and coatings than older ones. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/JoLin. Although fluorescent lightbulbs are generally energy efficient, you can replace them with new, even more efficient bulbs that use better electrodes and coatings than older ones. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/JoLin. What does this mean for me? Today's fluorescent light fixtures and bulbs are far more efficient than older ones. You can replace fluorescent bulbs and ballasts with more efficient ones to save money and energy. All fluorescent bulbs contain a very small amount of mercury:
Lamp bulb with integral reflector
An improved electrodeless discharge lamp bulb includes an integral ceramic reflector as a portion of the bulb envelope. The bulb envelope further includes two pieces, a reflector portion or segment is cast quartz ceramic and a light transmissive portion is a clear fused silica. In one embodiment, the cast quartz ceramic segment includes heat sink fins or stubs providing an increased outside surface area to dissipate internal heat. In another embodiment, the quartz ceramic segment includes an outside surface fused to eliminate gas permeation by polishing.
Levin, Izrail (Silver Spring, MD); Shanks, Bruce (Gaithersburg, MD); Sumner, Thomas L. (Wheaton, MD)
Westinghouse Pays $50,000 Civil Penalty to Resolve Light Bulb Efficiency
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Westinghouse Pays $50,000 Civil Penalty to Resolve Light Bulb Westinghouse Pays $50,000 Civil Penalty to Resolve Light Bulb Efficiency Violations Westinghouse Pays $50,000 Civil Penalty to Resolve Light Bulb Efficiency Violations December 13, 2010 - 2:12pm Addthis The Department of Energy has successfully resolved the enforcement case against Westinghouse Lighting Corporation for failure to certify its light bulbs as compliant with DOE's federal efficiency requirements and for the sale of at least 29,000 general service fluorescent and medium base compact fluorescent lamps that used more energy than permitted by law. This case reflects DOE's renewed commitment to enforce the federal efficiency requirements systematically and fairly to level the competitive playing field and to ensure that American consumers are buying products that
Looking for Light Bulbs Elements of a
Looking for Light Bulbs Elements of a Great Business Idea Mike Panesis #12;Housekeeping Register · Elevator Pitch Social,Wed, Nov 28, 6pm Introductions 2 #12;Looking for Light Bulbs Properties of a Great
DOE Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models and
Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models and Allows Sale of Another DOE Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models and Allows Sale of Another October 18, 2010 - 10:27am Addthis As a part of DOE's continuing enforcement action against Westinghouse Lighting Corporation, the company must cease sales of two light bulb models - medium based CFL basic model 15GLOBE/65/2 (Westinghouse product code 3800400) and general service fluorescent lamp model F40T12/CWE (Westinghouse product code 07521000) - because they do not meet DOE's energy efficiency standards. Based on test data provided by Westinghouse for basic model 15GLOBE/65/2, DOE has issued a Notice of Non-Compliance Determination to Westinghouse Lighting Corporation, requiring Westinghouse to halt sales and notify all
Consumer Light Bulb Changes: Briefing and Resources for Media and Retailers
Briefing for Media and Retailers - Lighting eere.energy.gov Briefing for Media and Retailers - Lighting eere.energy.gov 1 Consumer Light Bulb Changes: Briefing and Resources for Media and Retailers Briefing for Media and Retailers - Lighting eere.energy.gov 2 * Briefing: - To schedule interviews, please contact DOE Public Affairs at 202-586-4940 * Terms: - Lumens: Commonly a measure of brightness (technically "luminous flux") - CFL: Compact Fluorescent Lamp: The curly fluorescent bulbs - LED: Light Emitting Diode: more recently emerging technology, also called "solid state lighting" as it is light produced by a solid-state (chip) device - General Service Incandescent Lamp: The most common residential light bulb in use, with a medium screw base, and a lumen range of 310 to 2,600 lumens
A Bright Idea: New Efficiency Standards for Incandescent and Fluorescent
A Bright Idea: New Efficiency Standards for Incandescent and A Bright Idea: New Efficiency Standards for Incandescent and Fluorescent Lights A Bright Idea: New Efficiency Standards for Incandescent and Fluorescent Lights July 21, 2009 - 5:18pm Addthis John Lippert Pretty soon, lighting is going to get a lot more efficient. New standards for incandescent reflector bulbs, general purpose fluorescent bulbs, and regular incandescent bulbs are going into effect beginning in approximately three years. You may be curious about how these standards will affect the most popular types of incandescent bulbs we've all used for so long: the common non-reflector 40-watt, 60-watt, 75-watt, and 100-watt bulbs. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (also known as EISA) requires that these incandescent bulbs use 30% less energy than today's
Consumer Light Bulb Changes: Briefing and Resources for Media...
Consumer Light Bulb Changes: Briefing and Resources for Media and Retailers Consumer Light Bulb Changes: Briefing and Resources for Media and Retailers This presentation provides...
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting April 28, 2009 - 5:00am Addthis John Lippert There is a major push today to get homeowners to adopt compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) light bulbs. They have been on the market for nearly three decades, and many homeowners still do not use them widely. But the tide is definitely turning. Their availability and the percentage of homeowners familiar with the technology and purchasing them for their homes have been steadily rising. The products have improved considerably compared to early products, and their prices have plummeted. The ENERGY STAR® Change a Light, Change the World Campaign has been running now for more than half a dozen years. This campaign is designed to
100 Prisoners and A light Bulb Yisong Song
100 Prisoners and A light Bulb Yisong Song 1. Introduction The article represent three different protocols for solving the "100 Prisoners and a Light Bulb" riddle, including the explicit computations only a light bulb with a toggle switch. The prisoner will be able to observe the current state
Morrow, James A.
Magnetic fluorescent lamp
The radiant emission of a mercury-argon discharge in a fluorescent lamp assembly is enhanced by providing means for establishing a magnetic field with lines of force along the path of electron flow through the bulb of the lamp assembly, to provide Zeeman splitting of the ultraviolet spectral line. Optimum results are obtained when the magnetic field strength causes a Zeeman splitting of approximately 1.7 times the thermal line width.
Berman, S.M.; Richardson R.W.
Potential Environmental Impacts from the Metals in Incandescent, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), and Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
), and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Bulbs Seong-Rin Lim, Daniel Kang, Oladele A. Ogunseitan,,§ and Julie M sources with compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs that use about 70% and 85 lighting systems are transitioning from incandes- cent to compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light
Short, Daniel
An LED lamp or bulb is disclosed that comprises a light source, a heat sink structure and an optical cavity. The optical cavity comprises a phosphor ...
Light bulb standards begin taking effect in 2012 - Today in ...
On January 1, 2012, efficiency standards will start taking effect for brighter, higher-wattage general service bulbs. Based on its light output of ...
Compare My Energy | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Apps for Energy1 Compare Your Energy charts user's energy usage to see how changed light bulbs, replaced appliances, or changed your habits have affected their usage. Have...
Changing How You Choose Light Bulbs | Department of Energy
Changing How You Choose Light Bulbs Changing How You Choose Light Bulbs Changing How You Choose Light Bulbs July 12, 2010 - 7:30am Addthis Elizabeth Spencer Communicator, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Last month, the Federal Trade Commission announced that light bulbs will have a brand new style of packaging, starting in 2011. This is super exciting news! Well, all right, maybe "exciting" is a bit of a stretch, but it's certainly useful if you're thinking in terms of saving money and energy. Which is, I hope, one of the reasons people come to this blog. Example of the Lighting Facts label. The new form is based on a simple idea: There's an absolute ton of different kinds of lighting out there, but for most lights, the only information on the package is the wattage-the amount of power it draws.
Free Energy Efficiency Kit includes CFL light bulbs,
Free Energy Efficiency Kit Kit includes CFL light bulbs, spray foam, low-flow shower head, and more i ci e n cy On Thursday, March 31st New River Light & Power will sponsor a seminar that is designed
Rose, Annkatrin
Heat transfer assembly for a fluorescent lamp and fixture
In a lighting fixture including a lamp and a housing, a heat transfer structure is disclosed for reducing the minimum lamp wall temperature of a fluorescent light bulb. The heat transfer structure, constructed of thermally conductive material, extends from inside the housing to outside the housing, transferring heat energy generated from a fluorescent light bulb to outside the housing where the heat energy is dissipated to the ambient air outside the housing. Also disclosed is a method for reducing minimum lamp wall temperatures. Further disclosed is an improved lighting fixture including a lamp, a housing and the aforementioned heat transfer structure.
Siminovitch, Michael J. (Richmond, CA); Rubenstein, Francis M. (Berkeley, CA); Whitman, Richard E. (Richmond, CA)
In a lighting fixture including a lamp and a housing, a heat transfer structure is disclosed for reducing the minimum lamp wall temperature of a fluorescent light bulb. The heat transfer structure, constructed of thermally conductive material, extends from inside the housing to outside the housing, transferring heat energy generated from a fluorescent light bulb to outside the housing where the heat energy is dissipated to the ambient air outside the housing. Also disclosed is a method for reducing minimum lamp wall temperatures. Further disclosed is an improved lighting fixture including a lamp, a housing and the aforementioned heat transfer structure. 11 figs.
Siminovitch, M.J.; Rubenstein, F.M.; Whitman, R.E.
Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs
L Prize(tm): The Race for Super L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs
DOE Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models...
Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models and Allows Sale of Another DOE Requires Westinghouse to Cease Sales of Two Light Bulb Models and Allows Sale of Another October...
Wet-Bulb Temperature from Relative Humidity and Air Temperature
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
An equation is presented for wet-bulb temperature as a function of air temperature and relative humidity at standard sea level pressure. It was found as an empirical fit using gene-expression programming. This equation is valid for relative ...
Roland Stull
THE LIGHT BULB PROBLEM 1 Ramamohan Paturi2 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran3 John Reif3
THE LIGHT BULB PROBLEM 1 Ramamohan Paturi2 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran3 John Reif3 Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of Pennsylvania Duke University 1 #12;Running Title: The Light Bulb Problem, 1985 and 1988: We have a sequence of n random light bulbs each of which is either on or off with equal
Rajasekaran, Sanguthevar
THE LIGHT BULB PROBLEM 1 Ramamohan Paturi 2 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran 3 John Reif 3
THE LIGHT BULB PROBLEM 1 Ramamohan Paturi 2 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran 3 John Reif 3 Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of Pennsylvania Duke University 1 #12; Running Title: The Light Bulb Problem, 1985 and 1988: We have a sequence of n random light bulbs each of which is either on or o# with equal
Reif, John H.
THE LIGHT BULB PROBLEM 1 Ramamohan Paturi2 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran3 John Reif3 Univ. of California Title: The Light Bulb Problem Corresponding Author: Ramamohan Paturi Department of Computer Science Mail correlational learning problem due to L. G. Valiant, 1985 and 1988: We have a sequence of n random light bulbs
Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates Jihoon Min a
Analysis Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates Jihoon Min a , Inês L considerably. To quantify the influence of factors that drive consumer choices for light bulbs, we conducted incandescent bulbs. About half of the total lighting service (in terms of lumens) was provided by incandes
Michalek, Jeremy J.
How to upgrade your incandescent light bulbs Many people are choosing replacements for their standard incandescent light bulbs to save money or energy, because they've heard of new LED
How to upgrade your incandescent light bulbs Many people are choosing replacements for their standard incandescent light bulbs to save money or energy, because they've heard of new LED options for replacement light bulbs, you probably noticed that you have many options and the alternative bulbs are more
Bystroff, Chris
Westinghouse and Fuzhou Permitted to Restart Distribution of Light Bulb
Westinghouse and Fuzhou Permitted to Restart Distribution of Light Westinghouse and Fuzhou Permitted to Restart Distribution of Light Bulb Products Westinghouse and Fuzhou Permitted to Restart Distribution of Light Bulb Products August 6, 2010 - 4:26pm Addthis The Department has issued Notices of Allowance to Westinghouse Lighting Corporation and Fuzhou Sunlight Lighting Electrical Appliance Company determining, based on corrected test data provided by Westinghouse, that the incandescent reflector lamps listed below are compliant with the federal energy conservation standard and may be sold in the United States. These 11 Westinghouse brand lamps, usually used in recessed light fixtures, correspond to 7 basic models, which are manufactured in China by Fuzhou. DOE had previously issued Notices requiring Fuzhou and Westinghouse to
Quasars Are Not Light-Bulbs: Testing Models of Quasar Lifetimes with the Observed Eddington Ratio Distribution
We use the observed distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of supermassive black hole (BH) mass to constrain models of AGN lifetimes and lightcurves. Given the observed AGN luminosity function, a model for AGN lifetimes (time above a given luminosity) translates directly to a predicted Eddington ratio distribution. Models for self-regulated BH growth, in which feedback produces a 'blowout' decay phase after some peak luminosity (shutting down accretion) make specific predictions for the lifetimes distinct from those expected if AGN are simply gas starved (without feedback) and very different from simple phenomenological 'light bulb' models. Present observations of the Eddington ratio distribution, spanning 5 decades in Eddington ratio, 3 in BH mass, and redshifts z=0-1, agree with the predictions of self-regulated models, and rule out 'light-bulb', pure exponential, and gas starvation models at high significance. We compare the Eddington ratio distributions at fixed BH mass and fixed luminosity (both ...
Hopkins, Philip F
What Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? | Department of Energy
What Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? What Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? What Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? June 1, 2012 - 2:28pm Addthis Earlier this week, Eric Barendsen posted about the differences in costs between traditional and energy efficient light bulbs. Several people already chimed in on the original post. (Thanks a bunch for sharing!) But for today's question of the week, we're wondering: What light bulbs do you use in your own home? You have the chance to share your thoughts on a question about energy efficiency or renewable energy for consumers. E-mail your responses to the Energy Saver team at email@example.com. Addthis Related Articles Are You Prepared for a Blackout? Lighting Choices Save You Money. Energy-efficient light bulbs are available in a wide variety of sizes and shapes.
Westinghouse Pays $50,000 Civil Penalty to Resolve Light Bulb...
the enforcement case against Westinghouse Lighting Corporation for failure to certify its light bulbs as compliant with DOE's federal efficiency requirements and for the sale of at...
Incandescent bulbs still play a role in the future of lighting ...
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) mandates longer lasting, more efficient light bulbs for general service. Detailed results from ...
Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? What Light Bulbs Do You Use in Your Home? June 1, 2012 - 2:28pm Addthis Earlier this week, Eric Barendsen posted about the differences in costs between traditional and energy efficient light bulbs. Several people already chimed in on the original post. (Thanks a bunch for sharing!) But for today's question of the week, we're wondering: What light bulbs do you use in your own home? You have the chance to share your thoughts on a question about energy efficiency or renewable energy for consumers. E-mail your responses to the Energy Saver team at email@example.com. Addthis Related Articles Are You Prepared for a Blackout? Do You Have Windows That Need Replacing? By taking simple steps to improve your home's energy efficiency, you can save up to 30 percent on your energy bill. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity.
A Winning Light Bulb With the Potential to Save the Nation Billions |
A Winning Light Bulb With the Potential to Save the Nation Billions A Winning Light Bulb With the Potential to Save the Nation Billions A Winning Light Bulb With the Potential to Save the Nation Billions August 4, 2011 - 3:09pm Addthis This 10-watt alternative LED bulb (which glows white when turned on) could save the nation about 35 terawatt-hours of electricity or $3.9 billion in one year and avoid 20 million metric tons of carbon emissions if every 60-watt incandescent bulb in the U.S. was replaced with the L Prize winner. | Photo Courtesy of Philips Lighting North America This 10-watt alternative LED bulb (which glows white when turned on) could save the nation about 35 terawatt-hours of electricity or $3.9 billion in one year and avoid 20 million metric tons of carbon emissions if every 60-watt incandescent bulb in the U.S. was replaced with the L Prize winner.
Ensure Long Lifetimes from Electrolytic Capacitors: a Case Study in LED Light Bulbs
Abstract: Electrolytic capacitors are notorious for short lifetimes in high-temperature applications such as LED light bulbs. The careful selection of these devices with proper interpretation of their specifications is essential to ensure that they do not compromise the life of the end product. This application note discusses this problem with electrolytic capacitors in LED light bulbs and provides an analysis that shows how it is possible to use electrolytics in such products. A similar version of this article appeared on EDN, April 6, 2013. Hot LEDs and Short-Lived Electrolytic Capacitors Several years ago, I worked on a few designs for LED light bulbs. Very early on, it became clear that the temperatures of components in such light bulbs can get quite high. I personally measured component temperatures as high as +130�C in light bulbs purchased at local retail stores. Now admittedly, these were early LED bulb designs. Manufacturers now understand that, even though these LED bulbs consume substantially lower power than those they would replace, they still must have good thermal engineering. This is the only way to get the lifetime of the electronics to match the lifetime of the LEDs themselves. I found it disturbing that many of these hot designs contained electrolytic capacitors, which are notorious
Mark Fortunato; Senior Principal; Member Technical Staff
Direct Calculation of Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb Temperature as a Function of Pressure and Elevation
A simple analytical method was developed for directly calculating the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature from air temperature and the vapor pressure (or relative humidity) at elevations up to 4500 m above MSL was developed. This methodology was ...
Sayed-Hossein Sadeghi; Troy R. Peters; Douglas R. Cobos; Henry W. Loescher; Colin S. Campbell
600 New Lights Bulbs to Improve Energy Efficiency at DOE | Department...
our Washington, D.C., Forrestal North Building canopy with state of the art Light Emitting Diode (LED) fixtures. Every new bulb now uses just 23 watts instead of 205 watts....
Direct Calculation of Thermodynamic Wet Bulb Temperature as a Function of Pressure and Elevation
A simple analytical method was developed for directly calculating the thermodynamic wet bulb temperature from air temperature and the vapor pressure (or relative humidity) at any desired elevation. This methodology was based on the fact that the ...
A critical period for activity-dependent synaptic development during olfactory bulb adult neurogenesis
New neurons integrate in large numbers into the mature olfactory bulb circuit throughout life. The factors controlling the synaptic development of adult-born neurons and their connectivity remain essentially unknown. We ...
Kelsch, Wolfgang
A Winning Light Bulb With the Potential to Save the Nation Billions...
nation billions of dollars annually. I'm referring to a revolutionary 10-watt light emitting diode (LED) bulb developed by Philips Lighting North America -- the first winner of...
600 New Lights Bulbs to Improve Energy Efficiency at DOE | Department of
600 New Lights Bulbs to Improve Energy Efficiency at DOE 600 New Lights Bulbs to Improve Energy Efficiency at DOE 600 New Lights Bulbs to Improve Energy Efficiency at DOE November 18, 2010 - 10:30am Addthis Ingrid Kolb Director of the Office of Management Starting in September, the Department of Energy has been steadily replacing all 600 light fixtures under our Washington, D.C., Forrestal North Building canopy with state of the art Light Emitting Diode (LED) fixtures. Every new bulb now uses just 23 watts instead of 205 watts. That translates into almost half a million kilowatts hours saved every year. and will cut annual energy consumption at the Department of Energy Headquarters by about 1%. The final new LED fixture under the canopy was installed on October 28, but these lights are just part of a full program to reduce energy consumption
Exam Stochastic Processes 2WB08 January 29, 2007 A light bulb burns for an amount of time having distribution F(), with Laplace trans-
Exam Stochastic Processes 2WB08 January 29, 2007 Problem 1: A light bulb burns for an amount moment µ2. When the light bulb burns out, it is immediately replaced by another light bulb which has the same life time distribution F(·), etc. Let m(t) be the mean number of replacements of light bulbs upto
Giardinà, Cristian
By Stanley Micklavzina, Asher Tubman, and Frank Vignola for the Meyer Fund for Sustainable Development and the University of Oregon Department of Physics and the Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory
) of light on the PV cell output current. To answer the question of why fluorescent bulbs are more voltmeter 2 Lamps Light Filters 60W Incandescent Bulb Compact Fluorescent Bulb (13W Comparable light of wavelength (color) of light on the output of a solar cell. Using an incandescent light bulb, the current
Oregon, University of
We use the observed distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of supermassive black hole (BH) mass to constrain models of AGN lifetimes and lightcurves. Given the observed AGN luminosity function, a model for AGN lifetimes (time above a given luminosity) translates directly to a predicted Eddington ratio distribution. Models for self-regulated BH growth, in which feedback produces a 'blowout' decay phase after some peak luminosity (shutting down accretion) make specific predictions for the lifetimes distinct from those expected if AGN are simply gas starved (without feedback) and very different from simple phenomenological 'light bulb' models. Present observations of the Eddington ratio distribution, spanning 5 decades in Eddington ratio, 3 in BH mass, and redshifts z=0-1, agree with the predictions of self-regulated models, and rule out 'light-bulb', pure exponential, and gas starvation models at high significance. We compare the Eddington ratio distributions at fixed BH mass and fixed luminosity (both are consistent, but the latter are much less constraining). We present empirical fits to the lifetime distribution and show how the Eddington ratio distributions place tight limits on AGN lifetimes at various luminosities. We use this to constrain the shape of the typical AGN lightcurve, and provide simple analytic fits. Given independent constraints on episodic lifetimes, most local BHs must have gained their mass in no more than a couple of bright episodes, in agreement with merger-driven fueling models.
Philip F. Hopkins; Lars Hernquist
Characterization of Solubilized Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptors from Rat Olfactory Bulb and A10 Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors from Al 0 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and rat olfactory bulbs have been solubilized and then pharmacologically and biochemically compared. The dissociation constant for �*% ANP(99-126) was 12.7 PM for the VSMC-derived receptor and 164 PM for the olfactory receptor. Competition binding between 1251-ANP(99-1 26) and several unlabeled ANP analogs with the soluble olfactory receptor, demonstrated a rank order potency of ANP(99-126) = ANP ( 103-l 26)>>> ANP ( 103-l 23). However, the rank order potency of the soluble VSMC ANP receptor was ANP(99-126) = ANP ( 103-l 26) = ANP ( 103-l 23). Therefore, the olfactory ANP receptor appears to require the complete COOH-terminal sequence of ANP as compared with the VSMC ANP receptor. When the 2 soluble receptor preparations were applied to a GTP-agarose
T. Ft. Gibson; A. D. Zyskind; C. C. Glembotski
Fluorescent refrigeration
Fluorescent refrigeration is based on selective radiative pumping, using substantially monochromatic radiation, of quantum excitations which are then endothermically redistributed to higher energies. Ultimately, the populated energy levels radiatively deexcite emitting, on the average, more radiant energy than was initially absorbed. The material utilized to accomplish the cooling must have dimensions such that the exciting radiation is strongly absorbed, but the fluorescence may exit the material through a significantly smaller optical pathlength. Optical fibers and mirrored glasses and crystals provide this requirement. 6 figs.
Epstein, R.I.; Edwards, B.C.; Buchwald, M.I.; Gosnell, T.R.
Aisle Marking Requirements permanent workplace aisles should have appropriate
, including cables · light bulbs: REQUIRED to recycle fluorescent, compact fluorescent, and ultraviolet bulbs
Cohen, Robert E.
Fluorescent Lighting
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of 30-110 lumens per watt). They also last about 10 times longer (7,000-24,000 hours).
Information Resources: L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs
L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs L Prize(tm): The Race for Super Efficient Light Bulbs This September 23, 2008 webcast provided an overview of the Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prize (L Prize) technology competition. The L Prize calls for super-efficient SSL products to replace two of the most common light bulbs used today: the 60-watt incandescent and the PAR-38 halogen reflector. Kelly Gordon, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, kicked off the webcast with an overview of the competition requirements, evaluation process, and opportunities for promotion of the winning products. Mary Matteson Bryan, Pacific Gas & Electric, and Liesel Whitney-Schulte, Wisconsin Focus on Energy, followed with a look at the role of L Prize partners and plans for their organizations to support the winning products through demonstrations, education, promotions, and other collaborative efforts.
Why Did the LED Light Bulb Cross the Road? | Department of Energy
Why Did the LED Light Bulb Cross the Road? Why Did the LED Light Bulb Cross the Road? Why Did the LED Light Bulb Cross the Road? January 24, 2012 - 1:31pm Addthis Big Bill and Little Bill are here to talk with you about energy efficiency on behalf of Energy Impact Illinois. Roland Risser Roland Risser Program Director, Building Technologies Office How can I participate? You can view all of Big Bill and Little Bill's videos on the Energy Bill's YouTube channel. Everyone knows that laughter is good for you. Studies suggest it can buffer stress and increase your resistance to disease. Also, it just feels great to laugh. Advertisers have long used the allure of laughter to sell their products, and many Americans tune in to the Super Bowl just to chuckle at the funny commercials. However, when it comes to selling people on smart
Side-by-Side Testing of Commercial Office Lighting Systems: Two-lamp Fluorescent Fixtures
Lighting systems in commercial office buildings are primary determinants of building energy use. In warmer climates, lighting energy use has important implications for building cooling loads as well as those directly associated with illumination tasks. To research the comparative performance of conventional and advanced office lighting systems, Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) set up the Lighting Flexible Test Facility (LFTF) which allows side-by-side comparison of lighting options in two otherwise identical 2.7 m x 3.7 m (9' x 12') south facing offices. The ceiling of the LFTF contains 0.61 m x 1.2 m (2' x 4') recessed fluorescent fixtures designed to be easily changed. Differing lighting systems were comparatively tested against each other over weeklong periods. Data on power consumption (watts), power quality (power factor), work-plane interior lighting levels (lux), bulb-wall, fixture and plenum temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes on a multi-channel data logger. This data allows realistic analysis of comparative lighting system performance including interactions with daylighting.
Parker, D. S.; Schrum, L.; Sonne, J. K.; Stedman, T. C.
Instrument uncertainty effect on calculation of absolute humidity using dewpoint, wet-bulb, and relative humidity sensors
As part of the US Department of Energy`s Advanced Desiccant Technology Program, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is characterizing the state-of-the-art in desiccant dehumidifiers, the key component of desiccant cooling systems. The experimental data will provide industry and end users with independent performance evaluation and help researchers assess the energy savings potential of the technology. Accurate determination of humidity ratio is critical to this work and an understanding of the capabilities of the available instrumentation is central to its proper application. This paper compares the minimum theoretical random error in humidity ratio calculation for three common measurement methods to give a sense of the relative maximum accuracy possible for each method assuming systematic errors can be made negligible. A series of experiments conducted also illustrate the capabilities of relative humidity sensors as compared to dewpoint sensors in measuring the grain depression of desiccant dehumidifiers. These tests support the results of the uncertainty analysis. At generally available instrument accuracies, uncertainty in calculated humidity ratio for dewpoint sensors is determined to be constant at approximately 2%. Wet-bulb sensors range between 2% and 6% above 10 g/kg (4%--15% below), and relative humidity sensors vary between 4% above 90% rh and 15% at 20% rh. Below 20% rh, uncertainty for rh sensors increases dramatically. Highest currently attainable accuracies bring dewpoint instruments down to 1% uncertainty, wet bulb to a range of 1%--3% above 10 g/kg (1.5%--8% below), and rh sensors between 1% and 5%.
Slayzak, S.J.; Ryan, J.P.
Characterization of solubilized atrial natriuretic peptide receptors from rat olfactory bulb and A10 cultured smooth muscle cells
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors from A10 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and rat olfactory bulbs have been solubilized and then pharmacologically and biochemically compared. The dissociation constant for 125I-ANP(99-126) was 12.7 pM for the VSMC-derived receptor and 164 pM for the olfactory receptor. Competition binding between 125I-ANP(99-126) and several unlabeled ANP analogs with the soluble olfactory receptor, demonstrated a rank order potency of ANP(99-126) = ANP(103-126) much greater than ANP(103-123). However, the rank order potency of the soluble VSMC ANP receptor was ANP(99-126) = ANP(103-126) = ANP(103-123). Therefore, the olfactory ANP receptor appears to require the complete COOH-terminal sequence of ANP as compared with the VSMC ANP receptor. When the 2 soluble receptor preparations were applied to a GTP-agarose column, a portion of the olfactory ANP receptor was retained on the column and could be eluted with 5 mM GTP, while the VSMC ANP receptor did not adsorb to the column. Since the olfactory bulb ANP receptor has been shown to contain a binding component of 116 kDa, while the VSMC ANP receptor binding component is 66 kDa, these receptors appear to be similar to the 2 receptor classes described recently in which the 120 kDa receptor that binds GTP is postulated to be coupled to guanylate cyclase, while the 60 kDa receptor does not bind GTP, is not coupled to guanylate cyclase, and may possess a hormone clearance function. Taken together, these data indicate that cyclic GMP appears to be a second messenger for ANP in the brain.
Gibson, T.R.; Zyskind, A.D.; Glembotski, C.C.
Full Spectrum Light Therapy Full spectrum light bulbs are said to not only improve mood, but also
Full Spectrum Light Therapy Full spectrum light bulbs are said to not only improve mood, but also spectrum light bulbs produce light that is seen by the human eye in a bluish-white tint. Where is full energy, learning ability, and behavior. Light therapy mimics outdoor light and causes a biochemical
Bates, Rebecca A.
Chapter 30: Quantum Physics 9. The tungsten filament in a standard light bulb can be considered a blackbody radiator.
. 1 Chapter 30: Quantum Physics 9. The tungsten filament in a standard light bulb can be considered frequency is that of infrared electromagnetic radiation, the light bulb radiates more energy in the infrared. The light from a flashlight can be considered as the emission of many photons of the same frequency
Kioussis, Nicholas
GREEN LIVING Replace incandencent and halogen light bulbs with LED and CLFs
GREEN LIVING GUIDE ENERGY TRAVEL FOOD sustain yosef WATER Replace incandencent and halogen light bulbs with LED and CLFs TURN YOUR COMPUTER OFF! Any time you will be gone for an hour or more for your laundry RESIST THAT SWITCH! Use natural light during the day, and no lights when you are gone USE
Thaxton, Christopher S.
An Efficient and Accurate Method for Computing the Wet-Bulb Temperature along Pseudoadiabats
A new technique for computing the wet-bulb potential temperature of a parcel and its temperature after pseudoadiabatic ascent or descent to a new pressure level is presented. It is based on inverting Bolton�s most accurate formula for equivalent ...
Robert Davies-Jones
Integrated fluorescence analysis system
An integrated fluorescence analysis system enables a component part of a sample to be virtually sorted within a sample volume after a spectrum of the component part has been identified from a fluorescence spectrum of the entire sample in a flow cytometer. Birefringent optics enables the entire spectrum to be resolved into a set of numbers representing the intensity of spectral components of the spectrum. One or more spectral components are selected to program a scanning laser microscope, preferably a confocal microscope, whereby the spectrum from individual pixels or voxels in the sample can be compared. Individual pixels or voxels containing the selected spectral components are identified and an image may be formed to show the morphology of the sample with respect to only those components having the selected spectral components. There is no need for any physical sorting of the sample components to obtain the morphological information.
Buican, Tudor N. (Los Alamos, NM); Yoshida, Thomas M. (Los Alamos, NM)
Energy Basics: Fluorescent Lighting
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
& Cooling Water Heating Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of...
Cross-linking of atrial natriuretic peptide to binding sites in rat olfactory bulb membranes
Binding sites for /sup 125/I-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)2 in rat olfactory bulb membranes have been studied using pharmacological and biochemical methods. Various unlabeled ANP-related peptides were tested for the ability to inhibit the binding of the radioligand in membrane binding assays. ANP(92-126) and ANP(99-126) were the most potent inhibitors tested, both exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.40 nM. ANP(103-126) and ANP(103-123) were 3 and 70 times less potent, respectively. ANP(111-126) was unable to inhibit the binding of the radioligand at a concentration of 1 microM. Several peptides unrelated to ANP were unable to inhibit the binding of the radioligand to rat olfactory bulb membranes. Membranes labeled with /sup 125/I-ANP were incubated with cross-linking agents and subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. A band possessing an apparent molecular mass of 116 kDa was identified. The labeling of this band was progressively decreased by increasing concentrations of unlabeled ANP(99-126) (IC50 = 0.6 nM) and by several other ANP-related peptides at nanomolar concentrations. For comparison purposes, ANP binding sites in rat aorta membranes were labeled with /sup 125/I-ANP and cross-linked using identical techniques. Three bands possessing molecular masses of 120, 72, and 62 kDa were identified. These results indicate that the ANP binding site in rat olfactory bulb membranes displays pharmacological and biochemical properties similar to peripheral ANP receptors.
Wildey, G.M.; Glembotski, C.C.
Fluorescent Optical Position Sensor
Sandia National Laboratories has created a method and apparatus for measuring the position of an object.� It relies on the attenuation of fluorescence light carried inside a fluorescent optical fiber to determine the position of an object.�
Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of 30-110 lumens per watt). They...
Fish Passage Through a Simulated Horizontal Bulb Turbine Pressure Regime: A Supplement to"Laboratory Studies of the Effects of Pressure and Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on Turbine-Passed Fish"
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Migratory and resident fish in the Columbia River Basin are exposed to stresses associated with hydroelectric power production, including pressure changes during turbine passage. The responses of fall chinook salmon and bluegill sunfish to rapid pressure change was investigated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Previous test series evaluated the effects of passage through a vertical Kaplan turbine under the"worst case" pressure conditions and under less severe conditions where pressure changes were minimized. For this series of tests, pressure changes were modified to simulate passage through a horizontal bulb turbine, commonly installed at low head dams. The results were compared to results from previous test series. Migratory and resident fish in the Columbia River Basin are exposed to stresses associated with hydroelectric power production, including pressure changes during turbine passage. The responses of fall chinook salmon and bluegill sunfish to rapid pressure change was investigated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Previous test series evaluated the effects of passage through a vertical Kaplan turbine under the"worst case" pressure conditions and under less severe conditions where pressure changes were minimized. For this series of tests, pressure changes were modified to simulate passage through a horizontal bulb turbine, commonly installed at low head dams. The results were compared to results from previous test series. Both fish species were acclimated for 16-22 hours at either surface (101 kPa; 1 atm) or 30 ft (191 kPa; 1.9 atm) of pressure in a hyperbaric chamber before exposure to a pressure scenario simulating passage through a horizontal bulb turbine. The simulation was as follows: gradual pressure increase to about 2 atm of pressure, followed by a sudden (0.4 second) decrease in pressure to either 0.7 or 0.95 atm, followed by gradual return to 1 atm (surface water pressure). Following the exposure, fish were held at surface pressure for a 48-hour post exposure observation period. No fall chinook salmon died during or after exposure to the horizontal bulb turbine passage pressures, and no injuries were observed during the 48-hour post exposure observation period. As with the previous test series, it cannot be determined whether fall chinook salmon acclimated to the greater water pressure during the pretest holding period. For bluegill sunfish exposed to the horizontal bulb turbine turbine-passage pressures, only one fish died and injuries were less severe and less common than for bluegills subjected to either the"worst case" pressure or modified Kaplan turbine pressure conditions in previous tests. Injury rates for bluegills were higher at 0.7 atm nadir than for the 0.95 atm nadir. However, injuries were limited to minor internal hemorrhaging. Bluegills did not suffer swim bladder rupture in any tested scenarios. Tests indicated that for most of the cross-sectional area of a horizontal bulb turbine, pressure changes occurring during turbine passage are not harmful to fall chinook salmon and only minimally harmful to bluegill. However, some areas within a horizontal bulb turbine may have extreme pressure conditions that would be harmful to fish. These scenarios were not tested because they represent a small cross-sectional area of the turbine compared to the centerline pressures scenarios used in these tests.
Abernethy, Cary S. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Amidan, Brett G. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Cada, G F. (ORNL)
Highly thermostable fluorescent proteins
Thermostable fluorescent proteins (TSFPs), methods for generating these and other stability-enhanced proteins, polynucleotides encoding such proteins, and assays and method for using the TSFPs and TSFP-encoding nucleic acid molecules are provided. The TSFPs of the invention show extremely enhanced levels of stability and thermotolerance. In one case, for example, a TSFP of the invention is so stable it can be heated to 99.degree. C. for short periods of time without denaturing, and retains 85% of its fluorescence when heated to 80.degree. C. for several minutes. The invention also provides a method for generating stability-enhanced variants of a protein, including but not limited to fluorescent proteins.
Bradbury, Andrew M. (Santa Fe, NM); Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Kiss, Csaba (Los Alamos, NM)
Recombinant fluorescent protein microsphere calibration standard
A method for making recombinant fluorescent protein standard particles for calibration of fluorescence instruments.
Nolan, John P. (Santa Fe, NM); Nolan, Rhiannon L. (Santa Fe, NM); Ruscetti, Teresa (Los Alamos, NM); Lehnert, Bruce E. (Los Alamos, NM)
Fiber bundle fluorescence endomicroscopy
An improved design for fiber bundle fluorescence endomicroscopy is demonstrated. Scanned illumination and detection using coherent fiber bundles with 30,000 elements with 3 ?m resolution enables high speed imaging with ...
Tsai, Tsung-Han
Fluorescent filtered electrophosphorescence
The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters for the efficient utilization of all of the electrically generated excitons.
Forrest, Stephen R. (Princeton, NJ); Sun, Yiru (Princeton, NJ); Giebink, Noel (Princeton, NJ); Thompson, Mark E. (Anaheim Hills, CA)
Forrest, Stephen (Ann Arbor, MI); Sun, Yiru (Princeton, NJ); Giebink, Noel (Ann Arbor, MI); Thompson, Mark E. (Anaheim Hills, CA)
Fluorescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting October 17, 2013 - 5:44pm Addthis Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent products to provide a similar amount of light. They also last about 10 times longer (7,000-24,000 hours). The two general types of fluorescent lamps are: Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) -- commonly found with integral ballasts and screw bases, these are popular lamps often used in household fixtures Fluorescent tube and circline lamps -- typically used for task lighting such as garages and under cabinet fixtures, and for lighting large areas in commercial buildings. CFLs CFLs combine the energy efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience and popularity of incandescent fixtures. CFLs fit most fixtures
Fluorescent fixtures and ballasts
The basic parameters of a fluorescent lighting system that affect the illumination level are discussed. The parameters include the thermal performance of the fixture and the ballast factor, voltage regulation, and thermal regulation of the ballast/lamp system. Fixtures determine the minimum lamp-wall temperature of the lamps and are described as hot or cold. That is, the lamp-wall temperatures can vary from 39 to 61/sup 0/C. In general, cool fixtures tend to provide higher light levels and are more efficacious for a given ballast/lamp system. Solid-state fluorescent ballast/lamp systems have been measured and show a variation in light output from 6170 to 3780 lumens for the two-lamp, F-40, T-12, rapid-start lamps. Lighting designers must obtain this information in order to accurately predict illumination levels in a space.
Verderber, R.R.
Fluorescent lamp ballast
This patent describes an electronic ballast unit for a fluorescent lamp comprising: a circuit assembly having a pair of voltage input terminal and a first inductor and a capacitor in series relationship with each other to form a series resonant circuit. The circuit is adapted to be coupled to a fluorescent lamp to provide a starting voltage for the lamp; and a second inductor connected in shunt relationship to the first inductor and connected to the other input terminal. There is a core on which the first inductor and the second inductor are mounted. The core inductively couples the inductors with each other and are shaped to reduce core losses to minimize the increase of temperature of the core; the core is of a generally H-shaped configuration, and means of opposite ends of the H-shaped core to complete the magnetic flux path for each inductor, respectively.
Boyd, G.D.
Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamps
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the fastest growing energy efficient light source the electronic compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the past and future growth of the CFL market while emphasizing future technical improvements along with discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from incandescent lamps to CFLs. The basic CFL technology is covered in Chapter 3 including test results for selected ...
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Electric lighting constitutes approximately 21-23 % of the electric grid load in the United States. The higher energy and maintenance costs of incandescent lamps, combined with the favorable economics of high-efficiency compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), are making CFLs the increasingly popular choice for both residential and commercial lighting. Utility incentive and rebate programs to stimulate CFL use and the beginnings of a ban on incandescent lamps are enhancing CFL penetration levels in these enviro...
Dynamic fluorescence imaging with molecular agents for cancer detection
Non-invasive dynamic optical imaging of small animals requires the development of a novel fluorescence imaging modality. Herein, fluorescence imaging is demonstrated with sub-second camera integration times using agents specifically targeted to disease markers, enabling rapid detection of cancerous regions. The continuous-wave fluorescence imaging acquires data with an intensified or an electronmultiplying charge-coupled device. The work presented in this dissertation (i) assessed dose-dependent uptake using dynamic fluorescence imaging and pharmacokinetic (PK) models, (ii) evaluated disease marker availability in two different xenograft tumors, (iii) compared the impact of autofluorescence in fluorescence imaging of near-infrared (NIR) vs. red light excitable fluorescent contrast agents, (iv) demonstrated dual-wavelength fluorescence imaging of angiogenic vessels and lymphatics associated with a xenograft tumor model, and (v) examined dynamic multi-wavelength, whole-body fluorescence imaging with two different fluorescent contrast agents. PK analysis showed that the uptake of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) in xenograft tumor regions linearly increased with doses of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf) up to 1.5 nmol/mouse. Above 1.5 nmol/mouse, the uptake did not increase with doses, suggesting receptor saturation. Target to background ratio (TBR) and PK analysis for two different tumor cell lines showed that while Kaposi�s sarcoma (KS1767) exhibited early and rapid uptake of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf), human melanoma tumors (M21) had non-significant TBR differences and early uptake rates similar to the contralateral normal tissue regions. The differences may be due to different compartment location of the target. A comparison of fluorescence imaging with NIR vs. red light excitable fluorescent dyes demonstrates that NIR dyes are associated with less background signal, enabling rapid tumor detection. In contrast, animals injected with red light excitable fluorescent dyes showed high autofluorescence. Dual-wavelength fluorescence images were acquired using a targeted 111In- DTPA-K(IRDye800)-c(KRGDf) to selectively detect tumor angiogenesis and an untargeted Cy5.5 to image lymphatics. After acquiring the experimental data, fluorescence image-guided surgery was performed. Dynamic, multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging was accomplished using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). Excitation light was used for reflectance images with a LCTF transmitting a shorter wavelength than the peak in the excitation light spectrum. Therefore, images can be dynamically acquired alternating frame by frame between emission and excitation light, which should enable image-guided surgery.
Kwon, Sun Kuk
Max Tech and Beyond: Maximizing Appliance and Equipment Efficiency by Design
Although bulbs, primarily in LED and CFL efficaciescompact fluorescent bulbs, with LEDs being a likely futurelights. LED street lights offer increased bulb lifetime (and
Desroches, Louis-Benoit
History and technical evolution of high frequency fluorescent lighting
This work was performed to accelerate development and commercialization of solid-state, high frequency ballasts for fluorescent lighting systems. The history and development of fluorescent lamps, of ballasts for these fixtures, and of related circuits and equipment are reviewed. The higher lamp efficiency of high-frequency (300 to 3000 Hz) fluorescent lamps as compared with 60 Hz lamps, the development of frequency converter circuits for high-frequency lamps, and uses, electrical characteristics, and economics of these lighting systems are discussed. (LCL)
Campbell, J.H.
Fluorescent temperature sensor
The present invention is a fluorescent temperature sensor or optical thermometer. The sensor includes a solution of 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane within a 1-butyl-1-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid solvent. The 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane remains unassociated when in the ground state while in solution. When subjected to UV light, an excited state is produced that exists in equilibrium with an excimer. The position of the equilibrium between the two excited states is temperature dependent.
Baker, Gary A [Los Alamos, NM; Baker, Sheila N [Los Alamos, NM; McCleskey, T Mark [Los Alamos, NM
Fluorescence analyzer for lignin
A method and apparatus for measuring lignin concentration in a sample of wood pulp or black liquor comprises a light emitting arrangement for emitting an excitation light through optical fiber bundles into a probe which has an undiluted sensing end facing the sample. The excitation light causes the lignin concentration to produce fluorescent emission light which is then conveyed through the probe to analyzing equipment which measures the intensity of the emission light. Measures a This invention was made with Government support under Contract Number DOE: DE-FC05-90CE40905 awarded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The Government has certain rights in this invention.
Berthold, John W. (Salem, OH); Malito, Michael L. (Hubbard, OH); Jeffers, Larry (Alliance, OH)
Flash Lighting with Fluorescent Lamp.
??A flash lighting circuit with the fluorescent lamp is designed to produce lighting flicker by means of controlling the operating frequency and the duty-ratio of� (more)
Hsieh, Horng
An electronic ballast is described having at least a first and second terminal for engaging the filaments of at least one fluorescent lamp which requires a breakdown voltage to ignite the lamp and a maintaining voltage for maintaining ionization therewithin, the electronic ballast comprising: a direct current voltage source; a transistor; a transformer having a primary winding separated into a first winding, a second winding, a third winding, and a fourth winding; the first winding connected between the voltage source and the first terminal; the second winding connected between the two terminals; the third winding connected between the second terminal and to both the transistor and to ground; the fourth winding connected between ground and the transistor; the lamp being parallel to the second winding when the lamp filaments engages the ballast terminals.
Ureche, A.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Materials Assay
clandestine material with nuclear resonance fluorescence�.E. Norman, UC Berkeley Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, privatepp. 349. G. Warren et al. �Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence of
Quiter, Brian
Mercury-free fluorescent lighting
A brief comparative review of possible mercury free fluorescent lighting technologies is presented, including rare-gas positive column discharges, molecular discharges, and dielectric barrier discharges. Detailed experimental results on xenon positive column discharges will then be considered. In order to judge whether xenon-based discharges are a viable UV source it is necessary to measure the radiant emittance (power per unit area) for the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) resonance xenon emission at 147 nm. Two techniques to determine the VUV radiant emittance have been developed and applied to xenon discharges. One method combines the measured resonance level density using absorption spectroscopy and a calculation of the trapped decay rate for the resonance radiation to arrive at the radiant emittance at 147 nm. A second method utilizes a direct measurement of the radiance (power per unit area per unit solid angle) at 147 nm using a calibrated VUV photodiode, and a calculation of the relative angular distribution of the resonance radiation to determine the radiant emittance. In both techniques a simulation of the transport of resonance radiation is key to determining the radiant emittance.
Doughty, D.A. [General Electric Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady, NY (United States)
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay
Potential of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence . . . . . . . .2.9.1 Nuclear ThomsonSections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuclear Resonance
Quiter, Brian Joseph
Fluorescence spectrum analysis using Fourier series modeling for Fluorescein solution in Ethanol
We have measured the fluorescence spectrum for fluorescein solution in ethanol with concentration 1 {\\times} 10-3 mol/liter at different temperatures from room temperature to freezing point of solvent, (T = 153, 183, 223, 253, and 303 K) using liquid nitrogen. Table curve 2D version 5.01 program has been used to determine the fitting curve and fitting equation for each fluorescence spectrum. Fourier series (3 {\\times} 2) was the most suitable fitting equation for all spectra. Theoretical fluorescence spectrum of fluorescein in ethanol at T = 183K was calculated and compared with experimental fluorescence spectrum at the same temperature. There is a good similarity between them.
Hadi, Mahasin F
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Funding Sustainable Initiatives: Should Williams Implement a Revolving Loan Fund?
to replace its incandescent light bulbs with more efficient compact fluorescent (CFL) light bulbs. These light bulbs use 2/3 less energy than #12;Terra 4 standard incandescent bulbs, but they are more
Aalberts, Daniel P.
Fluorescent lamp dimming adaptor kit
An add-on fluorescent lamp dimming adaptor is described for connecting to a conventional nondimming ballast in a fluorescent lighting system, the system including a source of ac voltage. The ballast has terminals for connecting to a fluorescent lamp, the adaptor comprising: a switching module adapted to be coupled to the terminals for switching current from the lamp, the switching module being connected in parallel with the lamp to divert current from the lamp when the switching module conducts; and a level control coupled to the switching module, the level control controlling the conductive state of the switching module to vary the current in the lamp according to a dimming control signal supplied to the level control, the level control causing the switching module to switch at a frequency in the range of 300 hertz and higher during times that the lamp current is being varied.
Alley, R.P.
New LED light sources and lamps for general illumination
of light source compared to traditional light sources like incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes bulb. LEDs emit colored light with a narrow spectral band of 20-30 nm, colors covering the spectralNew LED light sources and lamps for general illumination Carsten Dam-Hansen, Birgitte Thestrup
Measuring the Natural Fluorescence of Phytoplankton Cultures
A laboratory instrument, the Natural Fluorescence Chemostat, was developed to measure the natural fluorescence of phytoplankton cultures. With this instrument, the physical and chemical environment of a culture can be manipulated with respect to ...
S. R. Laney; R. M. Letelier; R. A. Desiderio; M. R. Abbott; D. A. Kiefer; C. R. Booth
Combination of fluorescence imaging and local spectrophotometry in fluorescence diagnostics of early cancer of larynx and bronchi
The results of comparative studies of autofluorescence and 5-ALA-induced fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX, used in the diagnostics of early cancer of larynx and bronchi, are presented. The autofluorescence and 5-ALA-induced fluorescence images of larynx and bronchial tissues are analysed during the endoscopic study. The method of local spectrophotometry is used to verify findings obtained from fluorescence images. It is shown that such a combined approach can be efficiently used to improve the diagnostics of precancer and early cancer, to detect a primary multiple tumours, as well as for the diagnostics of a residual tumour or an early recurrence after the endoscopic, surgery or X-ray treatment. The developed approach allows one to minimise the number of false-positive results and to reduce the number of biopsies, which are commonly used in the white-light bronchoscopy search for occult cancerous loci. (laser biology and medicine)
Sokolov, Vladimir V; Filonenko, E V; Telegina, L V [P.A. Hertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation); Boulgakova, N N; Smirnov, V V [A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Quantum Dot Fluorescence Lifetime Engineering with DNA ...
Quantum Dot Fluorescence Lifetime Engineering with DNA Origami ... such as metal nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots � is challenging ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Footnotes Footnotes Residential Lighting: Use and Potential Savings 1. Among light bulbs used 4 or more hours per day, the average length of use is 6.7 hours. 2. Table 5.4 of Energy Information Administration, Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993, DOE/EIA-0321(93). (Washington, DC, October 1995), p. 46. 3. This is according to The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes, 1993, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. There is some uncertainty about this point. The lighting industry states that compact fluorescent bulbs need only one-fourth the wattage of incandescent bulbs. EIA compared the savings of both 26-watt, 22-dollar compact fluorescent bulbs and 20-watt, 20-dollar compact fluorescent bulbs. There is very little difference in overall savings between these two types
Comparing ASP and CP on Four Grid Puzzles Mehmet Celik, Halit Erdogan, Firat Tahaoglu, Tansel Uras, and
are called "hints". Gray cells are the light bulbs. In the literature, there are several attempts to solve light bulbs in the white boxes according to following rules: A1 Light bulbs are permitted to be placed at any white square. A hint (numbered black square) indicates how many light bulbs are nex
Erdem, Esra
Measurement and model assessment of fluorescence lifetime sensing in multiply scattering media
The generation and propagation of fluorescence light within biological tissue offers the potential for biomedical diagnostics and analyte sensing. Arising from an exogenous fluorescent dye injected as a contrast agent or immobilized in a polymer implant, the fluorescent decay kinetics can be sensitive to the tissue??s biochemical environment, providing quantitative in vivo information of the confined tissue site. The impact of light propagation and decay kinetics upon the measured signals is important for consideration, simply because tissue scatters light, giving rise to nanosecond photon time-of-flights that are comparable to fluorescence relaxation kinetics. The goal of this study is to develop a time-dependent model describing (i) the generation of fluorescence from dyes exhibiting multi-exponential or more complex kinetics and (ii) its propagation in scattering media. In the preliminary study, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy is investigated in tissue-like scattering solution. Two fluorescent dyes, 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) and Indocynanine Green (ICG), which exhibit distinctly different lifetimes and each exhibits single-exponential decay kinetics, were employed. Measurements of phase-modulation as a function of modulation frequency were made at varying concentration ratios of the two dyes to experimentally simulate fluorescence multi-exponential decay kinetics in non-scattering and scattering solutions. The results suggest that frequency-domain measurements of fluorescent decay kinetics along with models of light propagation may be enhanced by scatter in order to probe kinetics more sensitively than in non-scattering solutions. The next study involved fluorescence lifetime sensing in scattering and non-scattering solutions with a pH sensitive dye, Carboxy Seminaphthofluorescein-1 (C-SNAFL-1), which is known to exhibit multi-exponential decay kinetics. The results demonstrate accurate pH sensing in scattering solution via fluorescence kinetics using a simplified propagation model incorporating an average lifetime. Finally, fluorescence lifetime sensing in immobilized systems were investigated. C-SNAFL-1 was immobilized in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles that were immersed in buffered polystyrene solutions. The results demonstrate the ability to perform pH sensing with fluorescence lifetime without the confounding effect of fluorophore loading or the use of 'reference' measurement within multiply scattering systems. In addition, the stability of the immobilized fluorescence sensor and the reliability of fluorescence lifetime measurement verify the prospect of this technology for implantable purposes.
Kuwana, Eddy
Three-dimensional fluorescence lifetime tomography
Near-infrared fluorescence tomography using molecularly targeted lifetime-sensitive, fluorescent contrast agents have applications for early-stage cancer diagnostics. Yet, although the measurement of fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is extensively used in microscopy and spectroscopy applications, demonstration of fluorescence lifetime tomography for medical imaging is limited to two-dimensional studies. Herein, the feasibility of three-dimensional fluorescence-lifetime tomography on clinically relevant phantom volumes is established, using (i) a gain-modulated intensified charge coupled device (CCD) and modulated laser diode imaging system, (ii) two fluorescent contrast agents, e.g., Indocyanine green and 3-3'-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide differing in their fluorescence lifetime by 0.62 ns, and (iii) a two stage approximate extended Kalman filter reconstruction algorithm. Fluorescence measurements of phase and amplitude were acquired on the phantom surface under different target to background fluorescence absorption (70:1, 100:1) and fluorescence lifetime (1:1, 2.1:1) contrasts at target depths of 1.4-2 cm. The Bayesian tomography algorithm was employed to obtain three-dimensional images of lifetime and absorption owing to the fluorophores.
Godavarty, Anuradha; Sevick-Muraca, Eva M.; Eppstein, Margaret J. [327 Votey Building, Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (United States); 1011 Richardson Building, Photon Migration Laboratories, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (United States); 327 Votey Building, Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (United States)
The effects of supply harmonics on the performance of compact fluorescent lamps
This paper describes a performance evaluation of ten compact fluorescent lighting systems operated with sinusoidal and distorted voltage waveform conditions. The lamps were either provided with an electronic ballast, a magnetic core ballast or a magnetic core ballast with a power factor correction circuit. The test results show that the electrical performance of the compact fluorescent lamps for both sinusoidal and distorted voltage waveform operation is related to the different types of ballast used. The cost of operation of these compact fluorescent lamps was calculated and compared to the cost of a conventional 60 W incandescent lamp.
Arseneau, R.; Ouellette, M.
Fluorescent Lighting Basics | Department of Energy
Fluorescent Lighting Basics Fluorescent Lighting Basics Fluorescent Lighting Basics October 17, 2013 - 5:39pm Addthis Light from a fluorescent lamp is first created by an electric current conducted through an inert gas producing ultraviolet light that is invisible to the human eye. The ultraviolet light in turn interacts with special blends of phosphors coating the interior surface of the fluorescent lamp tube that efficiently converts the invisible light into useful white light. Fluorescent lamps require a special power supply called a ballast that is needed to regulate lamp operating current and provide a compatible start-up voltage. Electronic ballasts perform the same function as a magnetic ballast but outperform the outdated magnetic products by operating at a very high frequency that eliminates flicker and noise while
1997 Glossary
All types of light bulbs are included: incandescent, fluorescent, compact fluorescent, halogen, and high-intensity-discharge (HID). (See Appliances ...
Sandia National Laboratories Fluorescent Optical Position Sensor
As shown in the figure, a small excitation source, such as a laser or LED, excites a localized area of fluorescence at an unknown position along the
Portable spotter for fluorescent contaminants on surfaces
A portable fluorescence-based spotter for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon contamination on personnel and work area surfaces under ambient lighting conditions is provided. This instrument employs beam modulation and phase sensitive detection for discriminating between fluorescence from organic materials from reflected background light and inorganic fluorescent material. The device uses excitation and emission filters to provide differentiation between classes of aromatic organic compounds. Certain inorganic fluorescent materials, including heavy metal compounds, may also be distinguished from the organic compounds, despite both having similar optical properties.
Schuresko, Daniel D. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Energy saving controller for fluorescent lamps.
??Although fluorescent lamp is a very efficient lighting device in daily life, still the high harmonic distortion and low power factor cause unnecessary energy consumption.� (more)
Cheong, Zhi Xiong
Bremsstrahlung-induced K fluorescence
Bremsstrahlung radiation can be used to excite nearly monoenergetic x rays in secondary targets, which are then used to study the energy response of radiation detectors if the intensity and purity are known. A method is suggested for calculating the spectral intensity of the secondary target radiation, including K-fluorescent x rays, and the bremsstrahlung and characteristic line radiation scattered from the target. Coherent and incoherent scatter are included in the calculation. To test the theory, bremsstrahlung radiation from an x-ray unit operating in the 100- to 300-kV potential range was used to excite K-fluorescent radiation in secondary targets that range in atomic number from 29 to 90. The primary and secondary spectra were measured with NaI, silicon, and germanium detectors. The measured primary spectral intensities were used as input to the secondary spectral intensity calculation. Calculated secondary spectra were within 20 percent agreement with measurement. Optimization of the secondary target intensity and purity is discussed as a function of target thickness, potential, and selective filtration.
Storm, E.
Evaluation of plant seedling water stress using dynamic fluorescence index with blue LED-based fluorescence imaging
A dynamic fluorescence image index system capable of non-destructive assessment of water stress in cabbage seedlings was developed. The quenching curves of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic to the plant's water stress status under reduced excitation ... Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence, Fluorescence image, Fluorescence index, Water stress
Shih-Chieh Hsiao; Suming Chen; I-Chang Yang; Chia-Tseng Chen; Chao-Yin Tsai; Yung-Kun Chuang; Feng-Jehng Wang; Yu-Liang Chen; Tzong-Shyan Lin; Y. Martin Lo
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
4 4 PEVELOPMENT OF FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME DIAGNOSTIC w I Project Accomplishments Summary (Attachment I) CRADA NO. TSB-1449-97 Date: U 1 8 1 9 8 Revision: 1 A . Parties The project is a relationship between the Lawrence Livennore National Laboratoq (LLNL) and Optiphase, Inc. University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue, L-399 Livermore, CA 94550 Optiphase, h c 7652 Haskell Ave. Van Nuys, CA 91406 Technical Contact - D r . Pepe Davis (8 18)782-0997ext 1 12 B . Background Fiber-optic-based sensors are excellent candidates for detecting the presence and monitoring the levels of degradation products in stockpiled weapons. Specifically, fl uorescence-based sensors are extremely sensitive, can have high specificity for compounds of interest, and are "e~ectrically
Applications of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) has the potential of addressing a wide variety of applications, which require isotopic and/or elemental information about a sample. We have investigated a variety of non-proliferation applications that may be addressed by NRF. From these applications, we have selected two, measuring uranium enrichment in UF6 cylinders and material verification in dismantlement, to investigate in more detail. Analytical models have been developed to evaluate these applications, and test measurements have been conducted to validate those models. We found that it is unlikely with current technology to address the requirements for UF6 cylinder enrichment measurements. In contrast, NRF is a very promising approach for material verification for dismantlement.
Warren, Glen A.; Detwiler, Rebecca S.; Peplowski, Patrick N.
Fiber optical assembly for fluorescence spectrometry
A system for analyzing a sample for the presence of an analyte in a sample. The system includes a sample holder for containing the sample; an excitation source, such as a laser, and at least one linear array radially disposed about the sample holder. Radiation from the excitation source is directed to the sample, and the radiation induces fluorescent light in the sample. Each linear array includes a plurality of fused silica optical fibers that receive the fluorescent light and transmits a fluorescent light signal from the first end to an optical end port of the linear array. An end port assembly having a photo-detector is optically coupled to the optical end port. The photo-detector detects the fluorescent light signal and converts the fluorescent light signal into an electrical signal.
Carpenter, II, Robert W. (Pagosa Springs, CO); Rubenstein, Richard (Staten Island, NY); Piltch, Martin (Los Alamos, NM); Gray, Perry (Los Alamos, NM)
Northern Municipal Power Agency - Residential Energy Efficiency...
Amount Home Energy Assessment: discounted price Compact Fluorescent Lights: 2light bulb LED Screw-In: 7bulb LED Recessed Downlights: 15 - 25install Clothes Washers:...
Catalog of DC Appliances and Power Systems
AC LEDs, particularly for lower luminosity bulbs. Efficacy (bulb or tube, a compact fluorescent lamp typically includes an integral ballast, as do HID lamps, and an LED
Garbesi, Karina
Browse wiki | Open Energy Information
of energy-saving Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs + , solar-powered lights + , LED bulbs + , auto lamps and other speciality lamps. + , Nanhai + , Guangdong Province + ,...
--No Title--
lighting retrofits at community facilities. Retrofits would consist of changing out fixtures to accommodate compact fluorescent bulbs instead of relying on incandescent bulbs....
The Better Buildings Neighborhood View - December 10, 2013
traditional incandescent bulbs? Consider installing energy efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) in your basement lighting fixtures. Light Neighborhood View to Become...
It's Elemental - The Element Tungsten
melting point of all metallic elements and is used to make filaments for incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent light bulbs and television tubes. Tungsten expands at nearly the...
U.S. Department of Energy NEPA Categorical Exclusion Determination...
incentive program for citizens to exchange incandescent bulbs for compact fluorescent or light-emitting diode bulbs. Conditions: None Categorical Exclusion(s) Applied: A1, A9,...
CX-009174: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
incentive program for citizens to exchange incandescent bulbs for compact fluorescent or light-emitting diode bulbs. CX-009174.pdf More Documents & Publications CX-008898:...
Glossary - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Compact fluorescent bulbs: ... Many screw into a standard light socket, and most produce a similar color of light as a standard incandescent bulb.
bulb swap in the residence halls and replaced 400 incandescents with compact fluorescent light bulbs. When talking to colleges and universities about energy efficiency, it is...
Using Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nondestructive Isotopic Analysis
7, (1959) pp. 54. [12] B.J. Quiter, ``Nuclear ResonanceFluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay,'' University ofclandestine material with nuclear resonance fluorescence,"
Ludewigt, Bernhard A.
Compact Fluorescent Lamps : Technologies : From the Lab to the...
process. (Left) Compact Fluorescent Lamp; (Right) Cover of the 'Lighting Retrofit Workbook' (Left) Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) (Right) Retrofitting national parks...
Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public
Fluorescent and Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Public Meeting on AddThis.com... About Standards & Test Procedures Implementation, Certification & Enforcement
Sustainable LED Fluorescent Light Replacement Technology
Ilumisys and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) partnered on a three-year project awarded by the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE), to quantify the impacts of LED lamps, incandescent lamps and fluorescent benchmark lamps over a product lifecycle � i.e. to develop a sustainable design and manufacturing strategy that addresses product manufacturing, use, recycling and disposal scenarios for LED-based lighting. Based on the knowledge gained from extensive product tear-down studies of fluorescent and screw-in lighting products, lifecycle assessment tools, and accelerated lifecycle testing protocols, an interactive Sustainable LED Design Guide has been developed to aid architectural and lighting designers and engineers in making design decisions that consider three important environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, energy use and mercury emission) across all phases of the life of an LED lighting product. Critical information developed for the lifecycle analysis and product feature comparisons is the useful life of the lighting product as well as its performance. The Design Guide is available at www.ncms.org, and was developed based on operational and durability testing of a variety of lighting products including power consumption, light output, and useful life of a lamp in order to allow a more realistic comparison of lamp designs. This report describes the main project tasks, results and innovative features of the lifecycle assessment (LCA)-based design tools, and the key considerations driving the sustainable design of LED lighting systems. The Design Guide incorporates the following three novel features for efficiently evaluating LED lighting features in value-chains: � Bill-of-Materials (BOM) Builder � Designers may import process data for each component and supply functional data for the product, including power, consumption, lumen output and expected useful life. � Environmental Impact Review � Designs are comparable across lifecycle phases, subsystems, and environmental impact category, and can be normalized to a userdefined functional unit. � Drill-down Review � These provide an indepth look at individual lamp designs with the ability to review across subsystem or lifecycle phase.
Reflector-coupled fluorescent solar collector
The present invention provides a system for the collection of electromagnetic radiation and the transmission of that radiation to a point of use. In its simplest sense, an apparatus for the collection and transmission of electromagnetic radiation comprises a cylindrical fluorescent fiber, at least one end of which is optically coupled to an optical wave guide, and means for reflecting solar radiation impinging over a relatively wide area onto said cylindrical fluorescent fiber. Preferably, a compound parabolic mirror is employed for reflecting incident solar radiation onto the optical fluorescent fiber.
Younghouse, L.B.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay.
??This dissertation examines the measurement of nuclear resonance fluorescence gamma-rays as a technique to non-destructively determine isotopic compositions of target materials that are of interest� (more)
System Laser Power Measurement Wavelength Calibration SystemLaser Power Measurement Wavelength Calibration PAGE Fluorescence Detection Systemmeasurement system. The actual time for initiation of the detection gate with respect to the laser
Grieman, Frederick Joseph.
Green fluorescent protein as a mechanical sensor
Inquiry into intracellular and cytoskeletal mechanics requires an intracellular mechanical sensor to verify models of sub-cellular structure dynamics. To this end, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is considered as a ...
Muso, Taro M. (Taro Michael)
Application guidance for fluorescent lighting projects
This application guides is intended to help activity personnel retrofit fluorescent lighting. With this guide, an energy manager can determine if replacing T-12 lamp and magnetic ballast fixtures is cost effective.
Rocha, M.
Multiplexed fluorescence detector system for capillary electrophoresis
A fluorescence detection system for capillary electrophoresis is provided wherein the detection system can simultaneously excite fluorescence and substantially simultaneously monitor separations in multiple capillaries. This multiplexing approach involves laser irradiation of a sample in a plurality of capillaries through optical fibers that are coupled individually with the capillaries. The array is imaged orthogonally through a microscope onto a charge-coupled device camera for signal analysis. 14 figs.
Yeung, E.S.; Taylor, J.A.
Laser excited confocal microscope fluorescence scanner and method
A fluorescent scanner for scanning the fluorescence from a fluorescence labeled separated sample on a sample carrier including a confocal microscope for illuminating a predetermined volume of the sample carrier and/or receiving and processing fluorescence emissions from said volume to provide a display of the separated sample.
Mathies, Richard A. (Contra Costa, CA); Peck, Konan (Contra Costa, CA)
Fermilab Today
to change at least one light at home to an ENERGY STAR(r) Compact Fluorescent Light bulb (CFL). These bulbs are estimated to use 75 percent less energy than standard bulbs...
Ultratrace analysis of transuranic actinides by laser-induced fluorescence
Ultratrace quantities of transuranic actinides are detected indirectly by their effect on the fluorescent emissions of a preselected fluorescent species. Transuranic actinides in a sample are coprecipitated with a host lattice material containing at least one preselected fluorescent species. The actinide either quenches or enhances the laser-induced fluorescence of the preselected fluorescent species. The degree of enhancement or quenching is quantitatively related to the concentration of actinide in the sample.
Miller, Steven M. (Chelmsford, MA)
Time dependence of liquid-helium fluorescence
The time dependence of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluorescence following an ionizing radiation event in liquid helium is observed and studied in the temperature range from 250 mK to 1.8 K. The fluorescence exhibits significant structure including a short ({approx}10 ns) strong initial pulse followed by single photons whose emission rate decays exponentially with a 1.6-{mu}s time constant. At an even longer time scale, the emission rate varies as '1/time' (inversely proportional to the time after the initial pulse). The intensity of the '1/time' component from {beta} particles is significantly weaker than those from {alpha} particles or neutron capture on {sup 3}He. It is also found that for {alpha} particles, the intensity of this component depends on the temperature of the superfluid helium. Proposed models describing the observed fluorescence are discussed.
McKinsey, D.N.; Brome, C.R.; Dzhosyuk, S.N.; Mattoni, C.E.H.; Yang, L.; Doyle, J.M. [Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States); Golub, R.; Habicht, K.; Korobkina, E. [Hahn-Meitner Institut, Berlin-Wannsee (Germany); Huffman, P.R.; Thompson, A.K. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Lamoreaux, S.K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 (United States)
Design, Syntheses and Applications of Fluorescent Dyes
New methodologies for the efficient syntheses of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4adiaza- s-indacenes (BODIPYs) and rosamines were developed. A serendipitous discovery led to a new reaction which afforded BODIPYs in high yields. Systematic studies of the kinetics and mechanisms of the new reaction were performed. A series of BODIPYs were successfully prepared using the new approach. A simple and efficient synthesis of rosamines with cyclic-amine substituents was devised. These new rosamines showed interesting anti-tumor activities. Several types of novel fluorescent compounds were prepared. Highly fluorescent GFP-chromophore analogs were designed and synthesized. The correlation between the optical properties and the structures was investigated. New pyronin dyes with mesoheteroatom substituents were efficiently prepared. The fluorescence properties of these compounds were highly dependent on the nature of the meso-substituents. A set of BODIPY dyes that fluoresce brightly above 600 nm were made. They were then used as acceptors to prepare water-soluble through-bond energy transfer cassettes. All the cassettes had complete energy transfer and high quantum yields in MeOH. A few also had good fluorescence properties in aqueous media and even on proteins. The through-bond energy transfer cassettes were used to monitor protein-protein interactions. In order to test our hypothesis, an artificial protein interaction system was built by utilizing the biotin/(strept)avidin interactions. Thus Atto425-BSA-biotin, streptavidin-cassette1 and avidin-cassette2 were prepared. The interactions between Atto425-BSA-biotin and cassette labeled (strept)avidin were successfully detected in vitro and in living cells by fluorescence techniques.
Wu, Liangxing
Ultrabright fluorescent OLEDS using triplet sinks
A first device is provided. The first device further comprises an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device further comprises an anode, a cathode, and an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emissive layer further comprises an organic host compound, an organic emitting compound capable of fluorescent emission at room temperature, and an organic dopant compound. The triplet energy of the dopant compound is lower than the triplet energy of the host compound. The dopant compound does not strongly absorb the fluorescent emission of the emitting compound.
Zhang, Yifan; Forrest, Stephen R; Thompson, Mark
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Maintenance Guide and Tips to Ensure Top Performance
WHAT TO DO AFTER MOVING IN WHAT TO DO AFTER MOVING IN LIGHTING AND LIGHT BULBS Use ENERGY STAR certified light bulbs, such as Compact Fluorescent Light bulbs (CFL) or Light Emitting Diodes (LED) to provide bright, warm light while using 75% less energy, and lasting up to 10 times longer than traditional incan- descent bulbs. This means more money in your pocket. Homes that use incandescent bulbs waste $400 a year on utility bills when compared to homes that install ENERGY STAR lighting throughout. OUTLETS AND ELECTRONICS Did you know that in the average U.S. home, 25 percent of electricity used by home electronics occurs while the products are off? In the United States alone, "vampire power" costs con- sumers more than $3 billion a year. Reduce unnecessary costs on your utility bill by unplugging electronics such as cell phone
Energy Performance of Compact Fluorescent Lamps
This power quality (PQ) case study presents the results of tests performed at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, in contract with the EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center (PEAC), to determine the light output, power consumption, efficiency, and power factor of off-the-shelf electronic and magnetic compact fluorescent lamps.
DNA sequencing using fluorescence background electroblotting membrane
A method for the multiplex sequencing on DNA is disclosed which comprises the electroblotting or specific base terminated DNA fragments, which have been resolved by gel electrophoresis, onto the surface of a neutral non-aromatic polymeric microporous membrane exhibiting low background fluorescence which has been surface modified to contain amino groups. Polypropylene membranes are preferably and the introduction of amino groups is accomplished by subjecting the membrane to radio or microwave frequency plasma discharge in the presence of an aminating agent, preferably ammonia. The membrane, containing physically adsorbed DNA fragments on its surface after the electroblotting, is then treated with crosslinking means such as UV radiation or a glutaraldehyde spray to chemically bind the DNA fragments to the membrane through said smino groups contained on the surface thereof. The DNA fragments chemically bound to the membrane are subjected to hybridization probing with a tagged probe specific to the sequence of the DNA fragments. The tagging may be by either fluorophores or radioisotopes. The tagged probes hybridized to said target DNA fragments are detected and read by laser induced fluorescence detection or autoradiograms. The use of aminated low fluorescent background membranes allows the use of fluorescent detection and reading even when the available amount of DNA to be sequenced is small. The DNA bound to the membrances may be reprobed numerous times.
Caldwell, Karin D. (Salt Lake City, UT); Chu, Tun-Jen (Salt Lake City, UT); Pitt, William G. (Orem, UT)
A method for the multiplex sequencing on DNA is disclosed which comprises the electroblotting or specific base terminated DNA fragments, which have been resolved by gel electrophoresis, onto the surface of a neutral non-aromatic polymeric microporous membrane exhibiting low background fluorescence which has been surface modified to contain amino groups. Polypropylene membranes are preferably and the introduction of amino groups is accomplished by subjecting the membrane to radio or microwave frequency plasma discharge in the presence of an aminating agent, preferably ammonia. The membrane, containing physically adsorbed DNA fragments on its surface after the electroblotting, is then treated with crosslinking means such as UV radiation or a glutaraldehyde spray to chemically bind the DNA fragments to the membrane through amino groups contained on the surface. The DNA fragments chemically bound to the membrane are subjected to hybridization probing with a tagged probe specific to the sequence of the DNA fragments. The tagging may be by either fluorophores or radioisotopes. The tagged probes hybridized to the target DNA fragments are detected and read by laser induced fluorescence detection or autoradiograms. The use of aminated low fluorescent background membranes allows the use of fluorescent detection and reading even when the available amount of DNA to be sequenced is small. The DNA bound to the membranes may be reprobed numerous times. No Drawings
Caldwell, K.D.; Chu, T.J.; Pitt, W.G.
Fluorescent compounds for plastic scintillation applications
Several 2-(2{prime}-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole, -benzoxazole, and -benzimidazole derivatives have been prepared. Transmittance, fluorescence, light yield, and decay time characteristics of these compounds have been studied in a polystyrene matrix and evaluated for use in plastic scintillation detectors. Radiation damage studies utilizing a {sup 60}C source have also been performed.
Pla-Dalmau, A.; Bross, A.D.
Energy-Efficient Lighting The typical American family spends more
fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) saves you money in the long run with lower energy bills. CFLs are significant Typical incandescent 75-watt light bulb Compact Fluorescent 18-watt light bulb Purchase cost $0.60 $ 5 that incandescent bulbs use becomes heat while only 10 percent becomes light. CFLs create less heat because more
Solid-State Lighting: LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent...
LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast on Facebook Tweet about...
New and Underutilized Technology: Efficient High Bay Fluorescent Lighting |
Efficient High Bay Fluorescent Efficient High Bay Fluorescent Lighting New and Underutilized Technology: Efficient High Bay Fluorescent Lighting October 7, 2013 - 8:54am Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for efficient high bay fluorescent lighting within the Federal sector. Benefits Efficient high bay fluorescent lighting can include either T5 or T8 fluorescent lighting systems for high-bay applications currently using metal halide fixtures. Fluorescent fixtures offer better light distribution, better light maintenance over the life of the lamp, improved color quality, and on-off control (re-strike time) with lower energy consumption. Application Efficient high bay fluorescent lighting is applicable for facilities containing high bay areas. Key Factors for Deployment
Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Radiation DetectionFluorescent Nanoparticles for Radiation Detection
Researchers at ORNL invented a promising material for more efficient nanoscalescintillators, or radiation detectors. The new material, which can detect most kindsof radiation, consists of fluorescent nanoparticles embedded in a transparent matrix.The ...
Comparison of Segmentation Algorithms For Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Cells
Comparison of Segmentation Algorithms For Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Cells Alden A. Dima,1 Mary C. Brady,1 Hai C. Tang,1 Anne L. Plant2 * Abstract The analysis of fluorescence microscopy fluorescence microscopy; k-means cluster; image segmentation; cell edge; bivariate simi- larity index NUMEROUS
Bernal, Javier
Product Standards for Fluorescent Lighting (Japan) | Open Energy
Product Standards for Fluorescent Lighting (Japan) Product Standards for Fluorescent Lighting (Japan) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Product Standards for Fluorescent Lighting (Japan) Focus Area: Appliances & Equipment Topics: Policy Impacts Website: www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/pdf/tr_fluorescent_lights_jul.2009.pdf Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/product-standards-fluorescent-lightin Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Regulations" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Industry Codes & Standards Regulations: Appliance & Equipment Standards and Required Labeling This Energy Conservation Center Japan (ECCJ) document was created as a
Rapid determination of uranium by x-ray fluorescence
This report describes a method for rapidly determining the amount of uranium using x-ray fluorescence. We add an aliquot of sample solution plus the internal standard element, yttrium, to a 10-ml volumetric flask. We transfer this solution to an x-ray cell and read the L..cap alpha..1 line of uranium and the K..cap alpha..1 line of yttrium. We then compare the ratio of uranium to yttrium for the sample with the ratios obtained from standards. This rapid, highly accurate procedure has a relative standard deviation of 0.69% for samples containing 1 to 5 mg U/ml. 2 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Martell, C.J.; Hansel, J.M.
Modification of fluorescent luminaries for energy conservation
Reducing energy consumption in existing buildings by reducing the number of lamps presents technical problems when more than one fluorescent lamp operates from a single ballast. A preliminary investigation was made whereby capacitors were substituted for one fluorescent lamp in a two-lamp luminaire which operated with a single ballast. Under optimum conditions, lighting efficiency (foot-candles per watt) was nearly as high at reduced power input as it was with two lamps operating normally. No failures in lighting equipment or capacitors occurred and no fire hazards, other safety hazards, or other unsatisfactory occurrences were observed. A more thorough investigation involving a number of parameters is needed to ascertain the feasibility of this modification.
Beausoliel, R.W.; Meese, W.J.; Yonemura, G.
Modification of fluorescent luminaires for energy conservation
Reducing energy consumption in existing buildings by reducing the number of lamps presents technical problems when more than one fluorescent lamp operates from a single ballast. A preliminary investigation was made whereby capacitors were substituted for one fluorescent lamp in a two-lamp luminaire which operated with a single ballast. Under optimum conditions, lighting efficiency (foot-candles per watt) was nearly as high at reduced power input as it was with two lamps operating normally. No failures in lighting equipment or capacitors occurred and no fire hazards, other safety hazards, or other unsatisfactory occurrences were observed. A more thorough investigation involving a number of parameters is needed to ascertain the feasibility of this modification. (auth)
Organogenesis and embryogenesis in several
scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, the progress of organogenesis ... incubated at 16-h photoperiod under fluorescent bulbs (Fluora, M�nchen,.
Rare Earths and Critical Materials Revitalization - TMS
... weapons guidance systems, oil refining catalysts, computer disk drives, televisions and monitors, compact fluorescent light bulbs, fiberoptic cable, and others.
Distributed Automated Demand Response - Energy Innovation Portal
... offer the adaptors under incentive programs in a manner similar to the programs in place for compact fluorescent light bulbs.
Performance of T12 and T8 Fluorescent Lamps and Troffers and LED Linear Replacement Lamps CALiPER Benchmark Report
The Department of Energy (DOE) Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting (CALiPER) Program was established in 2006 to investigate the performance of light-emitting diode (LED) based luminaires and replacement lamps. To help users better compare LED products with conventional lighting technologies, CALiPER has also performed benchmark research and testing of traditional (i.e., non-LED) lamps and fixtures. This benchmark report addresses standard 4-foot fluorescent lamps (i.e., T12 and T8) and the 2-foot by 4-foot recessed troffers in which they are commonly used. This report also examines available LED replacements for T12 and T8 fluorescent lamps, and their application in fluorescent troffers. The construction and operation of linear fluorescent lamps and troffers are discussed, as well as fluorescent lamp and fixture performance, based on manufacturer data and CALiPER benchmark testing. In addition, the report describes LED replacements for linear fluorescent lamps, and compares their bare lamp and in situ performance with fluorescent benchmarks on a range of standard lighting measures, including power usage, light output and distribution, efficacy, correlated color temperature, and the color rendering index. Potential performance and application issues indicated by CALiPER testing results are also examined.
Myer, Michael; Paget, Maria L.; Lingard, Robert D.
Novel Nanophosphors for High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps
This is the Final Report of the Novel Nanophosphors for High Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps, Department of Energy (DOE). The overall goal of this three-year program is to develop novel hybrid phosphors by coating commercially available lamp phosphors with highly stable wide band-gap nanocrystalline phosphors (NCP). The prime technical approach is the development of NCP quantum-splitting phosphor (QSP) and ultra-violet (UV) emitting phosphors with quantum efficiencies exceeding that of the conventional phosphors at 185 nm. The novel hybrid phosphors will increase the efficiency of the fluorescent lamps by up to 32%, enabling total energy savings of 0.26 quads, the reduction in the U.S. energy bill by $6.5 billion and the reduction of the annual carbon emission by 4.1 billion kilogram. Our work started by investigating through modeling calculations the requirement for the particle size of the NCP. Our work to develop suitable nanocrystalline phosphors started with the known oxide quantum splitting and UV emitting phosphors. We demonstrated several synthesis techniques for the production of high quality nanocrystalline materials that crystallizes in the desired phase and with the desired particle size. In collaboration with our subcontractor we demonstrated the feasibility for the manufacture of NC phosphors. We also demonstrated novel techniques of coating the NCP on the surface of micron sized phosphors. Our chief achievement pertains to the successful testing of the coated hybrid phosphor systems in linear fluorescent lamps. In linear fluorescent lamp tests, we have demonstrated up to 7% increase in the efficacy of hybrid phosphors over the conventional (uncoated) phosphors. We have also demonstrated the improvement in the lumen maintenance of the coated phosphors. A hybrid phosphor system based on the commercial red emitting phosphor, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} did not show the anticipated improvement in lamp efficacy. We explored the reasons for this observation, which are detailed in this report. Within the program we have carried out fundamental investigations into the physical processes that determine the quantum splitting behavior of the Pr{sup 3+} ion in solids. Specifically, we have investigated the quantum splitting luminescence of this ion in the LaPO{sub 4}, SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19} and LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} host lattices. In this final report we summarize the technical work completed under the Program, summarize our findings about the performance limits of the various technologies we investigated, and outline promising paths for future work.
Alok Srivatava
Survivability of Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamps
This EPRI Technical Report addresses the fastest growing energy efficient light source8212the electronic compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Because some of the failure modes for screw-in CFLs are different than those for plug-in CFLs, a cursory review of the difference between the two types of CFLs is provided in the first part of Chapter 2. A broad definition of shortened-life CFLs is also provided in Chapter 2 with an emphasis on revisiting mortality curves, the 10-minute lamp start, other relevant defini...
Solid state laser media driven by remote nuclear powered fluorescence
An apparatus is provided for driving a solid state laser by a nuclear powered fluorescence source which is located remote from the fluorescence source. A nuclear reaction produced in a reaction chamber generates fluorescence or photons. The photons are collected from the chamber into a waveguide, such as a fiber optic waveguide. The waveguide transports the photons to the remote laser for exciting the laser.
Prelas, Mark A. (Columbia, MO)
Prelas, M.A.
Optical Nanofibers for Manipulating and Probing Single-Atom Fluorescence
We demonstrate how optical nanofibers can be used to manipulate and probe single-atom fluorescence. We show that fluorescence photons from a very small number of atoms, average atom number of less than 0.1, around the nanofiber can readily be observed through single-mode optical fiber under resonant laser irradiation. We show also that optical nanofibers enable us to probe the van der Waals interaction between atoms and surface with high precision by observing the fluorescence excitation spectrum.
K. P. Nayak; P. N. Melentiev; M. Morinaga; Fam Le Kien; V. I. Balykin; K. Hakuta
Improved Performance of a Fluorescent Blue Organic Light Emitting ...
Presentation Title, Improved Performance of a Fluorescent Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with Hole Blocking Materials as Dopants for Transport Layers.
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements for flowing particles
Time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements are disclosed for flowing particles. An apparatus and method for the measurement and analysis of fluorescence for individual cells and particles in flow are described, wherein the rapid measurement capabilities of flow cytometry and the robust measurement and analysis procedures of time-domain fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy are combined. A pulse-modulated CW laser is employed for excitation of the particles. The characteristics and the repetition rate of the excitation pulses can be readily adjusted to accommodate for fluorescence decays having a wide range of lifetimes. 12 figs.
Deka, C.; Steinkamp, J.A.
Laser induced fluorescence of trapped molecular ions
Laser induced fluoresence (LIF) spectra (laser excitation spectra) are conceptually among the most simple spectra to obtain. One need only confine a gaseous sample in a suitable container, direct a laser along one axis of the container, and monitor the sample's fluorescence at a right angle to the laser beam. As the laser wavelength is changed, the changes in fluorescence intensity map the absorption spectrum of the sample. (More precisely, only absorption to states which have a significant radiative decay component are monitored.) For ion spectroscopy, one could benefit in many ways by such an experiment. Most optical ion spectra have been observed by emission techniques, and, aside from the problems of spectral analysis, discharge emission methods often produce the spectra of many species, some of which may be unknown or uncertain. Implicit in the description of LIF given above is certainty as to the chemical identity of the carrier of the spectrum. This article describes a method by which the simplifying aspects of LIF can be extended to molecular ions (albeit with a considerable increase in experimental complexity over that necessary for stable neutral molecules).
Winn, J.S.
Max Tech and Beyond: Fluorescent Lamps
Fluorescent lamps are the most widely used artificial light source today, responsible for approximately 70% of the lumens delivered to our living spaces globally. The technology was originally commercialized in the 1930's, and manufacturers have been steadily improving the efficacy of these lamps over the years through modifications to the phosphors, cathodes, fill-gas, operating frequency, tube diameter and other design attributes. The most efficient commercially available fluorescent lamp is the 25 Watt T5 lamp. This lamp operates at 114-116 lumens per watt while also providing good color rendering and more than 20,000 hours of operating life. Industry experts interviewed indicated that while this lamp is the most efficient in the market today, there is still a further 10 to 14% of potential improvements that may be introduced to the market over the next 2 to 5 years. These improvements include further developments in phosphors, fill-gas, cathode coatings and ultraviolet (UV) reflective glass coatings. The commercialization of these technology improvements will combine to bring about efficacy improvements that will push the technology up to a maximum 125 to 130 lumens per watt. One critical issue raised by researchers that may present a barrier to the realization of these improvements is the fact that technology investment in fluorescent lamps is being reduced in order to prioritize research into light emitting diodes (LEDs) and ceramic metal halide high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Thus, it is uncertain whether these potential efficacy improvements will be developed, patented and commercialized. The emphasis for premium efficacy will continue to focus on T5 lamps, which are expected to continue to be marketed along with the T8 lamp. Industry experts highlighted the fact that an advantage of the T5 lamp is the fact that it is 40% smaller and yet provides an equivalent lumen output to that of a T8 or T12 lamp. Due to its smaller form factor, the T5 lamp contains less material (i.e., glass, fill gas and phosphor), and has a higher luminance, enabling fixtures to take advantage of the smaller lamp size to improve the optics and provide more efficient overall system illuminance. In addition to offering the market a high-quality efficacious light source, another strong value proposition of fluorescent lighting is its long operating life. In today's market, one manufacturer is offering fluorescent lamps that have a rated life of 79,000 hours - which represents 18 years of service at 12 hours per day, 365 days per year. These lamps, operated using a long-life ballast specified by the manufacturer, take advantage of improvements in cathode coatings, fill gas chemistry and pressure to extend service life by a factor of four over conventional fluorescent lamps. It should be noted that this service life is also longer (approximately twice as long) as today's high-quality LED products. The fluorescent market is currently focused on the T5 and T8 lamp diameters, and it is not expected that other diameters would be introduced. Although T8 is a more optimal diameter from an efficacy perspective, the premium efficiency and optimization effort has been focused on T5 lamps because they are 40% smaller than T8, and are designed to operate at a higher temperature using high-frequency electronic ballasts. The T5 lamp offers savings in terms of materials, packaging and shipping, as well as smaller fixtures with improved optical performance. Manufacturers are actively researching improvements in four critical areas that are expected to yield additional efficacy improvements of approximately 10 to 14 percent over the next five years, ultimately achieving approximately 130 lumens per watt by 2015. The active areas of research where these improvements are anticipated include: (1) Improved phosphors which continue to be developed and patented, enabling higher efficacies as well as better color rendering and lumen maintenance; (2) Enhanced fill gas - adjusting proportions of argon, krypton, neon and xenon to optimize performance, while also m
Scholand, Michael
Page not found | Department of Energy
downloadscx-007733-categorical-exclusion-determination Article Fluorescent Lighting CFL bulbs are the most popular type of fluorescent lighting, combining the energy...
Rewarding Green: NETL Recognized for Sustainable Buildings
and the use of energy efficient algorithms. T5 fluorescent and compact fluorescent light bulbs are used throughout the building in conjunction sensors to improve energy...
Sodium lights: A type of high ... Standard fluorescent: A light bulb made of a glass tube coated on the inside with fluorescent material, ...
Long-Term Performance of Screwbase Compact Fluorescent Lamps
The packaging material for compact fluorescent lamps normally includes some claim regarding expected lamp lifetime. This claimed lifetime is generally not obtained through rigorous testing. This study shows how different operating cycles, components, and lamp and ballast designs affect screwbase compact fluorescent lamp (SCFL) life.
A transportable fluorescence imagining system for detecting fecal contaminants
Feces are the primary source of many pathogenic organisms that can potentially contaminate agricultural commodities. Feces generally contain chlorophyll a and related compounds due to ingestion of plant materials. Fluorescent responses of these compounds ... Keywords: Fecal contamination, Fluorescence, Food safety, Multispectral imaging
Alan M. Lefcourt; Moon S. Kim; Yud-Ren Chen
Quantum Optics: Colloidal Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots)
U ncorrected Proof Chapter 3 Quantum Optics: Colloidal Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots) in Single-Molecule Detection and Imaging Laurent A. Bentolila, Xavier Michalet, and Shimon quantum dots (QDs), have emerged as new powerful fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo biological
Michalet, Xavier
Method and apparatus for dimming fluorescent lights
This patent describes a dimmer for fluorescent lights that utilizes the standard ballast associated with the lights, comprising: means for controlling the transmission of the normal line A.C. voltage sine wave to the ballast. This is done so that the A.C. voltage is connected to the ballast for only a selectable period of time during each half cycle of the sine wave and is blocked during the remaining period of each half cycle thereby controlling the power supplied to the discharge portion of the lights to control brightness; and means for applying a high frequency voltage signal to the ballast during at least a portion of the time period when the A.C. signal to the ballast is blocked thereby supplying additional power to the filaments of lights.
Clark, R.
Some Statistical Techniques for Comparing Cell Colonies ...
... Using fluorescence microscopy, cell shapes can be imaged. A population of identical cells exhibits a distribution of shape responses. ...
RAY FLUORESCENCE MICROPROBE (XFM) RAY FLUORESCENCE MICROPROBE (XFM) TECHNIQUES AND CAPABILITIES APPLICATIONS WORLD-LEADING MICROFOCUSED EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY * XFM is an optimized three-pole wiggler beamline for the characterization of materials in an "as-is" state that are chemically heterogeneous at the micrometer scale via synchrotron induced X-ray fluorescence. * XFM includes instrumentation for microbeam X-ray fluorescence (µXRF), diffraction (µXRD) and fluorescence computed microtomography (FCMT) . However, it is optimized to provide users state-of-the-art microfocused Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (µEXAFS) spectroscopy between 4 to 20 keV. * XFM will trade-off beam size and flux for sample configuration flexibility. This includes more readily achievable stability
Circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy are important tools for characterizing biomolecular systems. Both are used extensively in kinetic experiments involving stopped- or continuous flow systems as well as titrations and steady-state spectroscopy. This paper presents the theory for determining circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy simultaneously, thus insuring the two parameters are recorded under exactly the same conditions and at exactly the same time in kinetic experiments. The approach to measuring circular dichroism is that used in almost all conventional dichrographs. Two arrangements for measuring fluorescence polarization anisotropy are described. One uses a single fluorescence detector and signal processing with a lock-in amplifier that is similar to the measurement of circular dichroism. The second approach uses classic ''T'' format detection optics, and thus can be used with conventional photon-counting detection electronics. Simple extensions permit the simultaneous measurement of the absorption and excitation intensity corrected fluorescence intensity.
Compatibility testing of fluorescent lamp and ballast systems
The rapid growth in the use of electronic ballasts for fluorescent lighting systems, and the corresponding increase in the number of new products and new manufacturers in the market, has raised a number of questions regarding the compatibility of the lamps and ballasts used in fluorescent systems. Because many of the new products start and operate lamps differently than previous products, the relevant American National Standards Institute requirements may no longer be adequate for addressing compatibility concerns. The impacts on system performance of the newer products of a parametric study designed to test key hypotheses regarding the impact of ballast parameters on fluorescent lamp life. In this study, samples of 4-ft T8 fluorescent lamps were operated on duty cycles of 5 min on and 5 min off, using seven different ballast types. The results of the study indicate which parameters seem to have the biggest effect on lamp life, and can be used in establishing new performance standards for fluorescent systems.
Ji, Y.; Davis, R.; O' Rourke, C.; Chui, E.W.M.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) | Open Energy Information
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Lab Analysis Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Rock Lab Analysis Parent Exploration Technique: Rock Lab Analysis Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Bulk and trace element analysis of rocks, minerals, and sediments. Stratigraphic/Structural: Hydrological: Thermal: Dictionary.png X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): X-Ray Fluorescence is a lab-based technique used for bulk chemical analysis of rock, mineral, sediment, and fluid samples. The technique depends on the fundamental principles of x-ray interactions with solid materials, similar
white Incandescent bulb Cool White Fluorescent tube Natural White Daylight LED bulb 16 #12;Warm white kilolumen in 2015 LED Bulb US $100 per kilolumen in 2010 46 #12;Reducing Cost per Lumen Lower shock resistant · Compact (Light bulb ~ 1,000 hrs) Additional LED Properties ULTIMO SCIENCE FESTIVAL
Choueiri, Edgar
Look inside for tips on how to:Save money on utility bills by reducing your
incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs. While we're on the subject, replace any light bulbs you can with CFLs can hold 4 bulbs, consider whether you can light the room effectively with fewer bulbs. Many, and the Not-So-Obvious Turn off the lights when you leave the room, unless you will be back in less than two
Pritchard, Jonathan
The Power to Change: Sustainable Electricity Usage in
) Light Bulb Exchange program: replaces inefficient incandescent bulbs with integrated compact fluorescent Lighting Project - The UHC (University Housing Council) and the CCSC (Columbia College Student Council bulbs Watt and Woodbridge residence halls Bulbs - 15X longer, save $38,000 in energy cost and 446
Colorado at Boulder, University of
Covered Product Category: Fluorescent Luminaires | Department of Energy
Fluorescent Luminaires Fluorescent Luminaires Covered Product Category: Fluorescent Luminaires October 7, 2013 - 10:52am Addthis Did You Know? Lighting Can Help You Accomplish Other Facility Upgrades and Efficiency Improvements Facilities with significant potential savings in lighting may be able to bundle lighting upgrades with heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and other energy conservation measures into a Utility Energy Service Contract (UESC) or Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC). Because of the substantial cost and energy savings potential, replacing lighting can be a key component in financing facility retrofits. The funding portion of the FEMP website offers more information on these and other funding opportunities. FEMP provides acquisition guidance and Federal efficiency requirements
Fluorescent lamp unit with magnetic field generating means
A fluorescent lamp unit having a magnetic field generating means for improving the performance of the fluorescent lamp is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the fluorescent lamp comprises four longitudinally extending leg portions disposed in substantially quadrangular columnar array and joined by three generally U-shaped portions disposed in different planes. In another embodiment of the invention the magnetic field generating means comprises a plurality of permanent magnets secured together to form a single columnar structure disposed within a centrally located region defined by the shape of lamp envelope. 4 figs.
Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.
Mechanical code comparator
A new class of mechanical code comparators is described which have broad potential for application in safety, surety, and security applications. These devices can be implemented as micro-scale electromechanical systems that isolate a secure or otherwise controlled device until an access code is entered. This access code is converted into a series of mechanical inputs to the mechanical code comparator, which compares the access code to a pre-input combination, entered previously into the mechanical code comparator by an operator at the system security control point. These devices provide extremely high levels of robust security. Being totally mechanical in operation, an access control system properly based on such devices cannot be circumvented by software attack alone.
Peter, Frank J. (Albuquerque, NM); Dalton, Larry J. (Bernalillo, NM); Plummer, David W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Calibration of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in microscopy
Imaging hardware, software, calibrants, and methods are provided to visualize and quantitate the amount of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) occurring between donor and acceptor molecules in epifluorescence microscopy. The MicroFRET system compensates for overlap among donor, acceptor, and FRET spectra using well characterized fluorescent beads as standards in conjunction with radiometrically calibrated image processing techniques. The MicroFRET system also provides precisely machined epifluorescence cubes to maintain proper image registration as the sample is illuminated at the donor and acceptor excitation wavelengths. Algorithms are described that pseudocolor the image to display pixels exhibiting radiometrically-corrected fluorescence emission from the donor (blue), the acceptor (green) and FRET (red). The method is demonstrated on samples exhibiting FRET between genetically engineered derivatives of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) bound to the surface of Ni chelating beads by histidine-tags.
Youvan, Douglas C. (San Jose, CA); Silva, Christopher M. (Sunnyvale, CA); Bylina, Edward J. (San Jose, CA); Coleman, William J. (Moutain View, CA); Dilworth, Michael R. (Santa Cruz, CA); Yang, Mary M. (San Jose, CA)
The Effects of Table Lamp Shade Shape and Compact Fluorescent...
The Effects of Table Lamp Shade Shape and Compact Fluorescent Lamp Burning Position on Visual Comfort Speaker(s): Zaidi Abdullah Date: March 15, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90...
Dec. 1953. "Hi-Volt-Cycle Lighting ~ Launched i n a Hi-Wide2, F e b r u a r y , 19 53. "Lighting Your Plant with Highg h Frequency Fluorescent Lighting John H. Campbell December
Campbell, John H.
Assessment of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Spent Nuclear Fuel Assay
Fluorescence for Spent Nuclear Fuel Assay Brian J. Quiter ?of Pu isotopes in spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Given the lowU and 239 Pu in spent nuclear fuel using NRF. II. PERFORMING
Large core polymer optical backplanes for fluorescence detection
Fluorescence based sensors are used for determining environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen or pH in biological systems without disturbing a biological system's equilibrium. Recently, there has been a drive to ...
Lee, Kevin Shao-Kwan
Exploring the mechanome with optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence
The combination of optical tweezers and single molecule fluorescence into an instrument capable of making combined, coincident measurements adds an observable dimension that allows for the examination of the localized ...
Brau, Ricardo R. (Ricardo Rafael), 1979-
A review of indocyanine green fluorescent imaging in surgery
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the recent surgical intraoperational applications of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging methods, the basics of the technology, and instrumentation used. Well over 200 papers describing this technique ...
Jarmo T. Alander, Ilkka Kaartinen, Aki Laakso, Tommi P�til�, Thomas Spillmann, Valery V. Tuchin, Maarit Venermo, Petri V�lisuo
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting | Department...
and compact fluorescent lights. And I've already purchased a few of the new light emitting diode (LED) solid-state lighting lights-but that's the topic of a future blog. Stay...
Altitude dependence of fluorescence light emission by extensive air showers
Fluorescence light is induced by extensive air showers while developing in the Earth's atmosphere. The number of emitted fluorescence photons depends on the conditions of the air and on the energy deposited by the shower particles at every stage of the development. In a previous model calculation, the pressure and temperature dependences of the fluorescence yield have been studied on the basis of kinetic gas theory, assuming temperature-independent molecular collision cross-sections. In this work we investigate the importance of temperature-dependent collision cross-sections and of water vapour quenching on the expected fluorescence yield. The calculations will be applied to simulated air showers while using actual atmospheric profiles to estimate the influence on the reconstructed energy of extensive air showers.
B. Keilhauer; J. Bluemer; R. Engel; H. O. Klages
Light Flicker in Compact Fluorescent Lamps Caused by Voltage Fluctuations
This power quality (PQ) case study presents tests performed at the EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center (PEAC) Power Quality Test Facility to characterize the light output of an incandescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamps during voltage fluctuations.
Covered Product Category: Compact Fluorescent Lamps | Department of Energy
Covered Product Category: Compact Fluorescent Lamps Covered Product Category: Compact Fluorescent Lamps Covered Product Category: Compact Fluorescent Lamps October 7, 2013 - 10:48am Addthis ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provides acquisition guidance across a variety of product categories, including compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), which are an ENERGY STAR-qualified product category. Federal laws and executive orders mandate that agencies meet these efficiency requirements in all procurement and acquisition actions that are not specifically exempted by law. Most manufacturers display the ENERGY STAR label on complying models. For a model not displaying this label, check the manufacturer's literature to determine if it meets the efficiency requirements outlined by ENERGY STAR.
Information Resources: LED Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps
Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast Replacements for Linear Fluorescent Lamps Webcast In this June 20, 2011 webcast on LED products marketed as replacements for linear fluorescent lamps, Jason Tuenge of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) discussed current Lighting Facts-listed products as well as products evaluated in the latest CALiPER reports. Eric Richman, also of PNNL, reported on a recently completed GATEWAY demonstration project, in which LED and fluorescent lamps were installed in a variety of recessed troffer luminaires for comparison in an office environment. The presentation concluded with a discussion of specifications listed in a newly updated technology fact sheet. View presentation slides View the text-alternative version View the webcast (WMV 16 MB) Download Windows Media Player
" A Heterodyne Laser-induced Fluorescence Technique to Determine
A Heterodyne Laser-induced Fluorescence Technique to Determine A Heterodyne Laser-induced Fluorescence Technique to Determine Simultaneously the Bulk and Time Varying Molecule Velocity Distribution." Inventors Ahmed Diallo, Stephane Mazouffre.The method's primary goal is to determine simultaneously the bulk a The method's primary goal is to determine simultaneously the bulk and the time verying part of the molecule velocity distribution using a heterodyne laser induced fluorescence technique. Used in biology, chemistry and plasma physics laser-induced fluorescence is a well known technique to resolve the bulk velocity distribution of probed molecules and atoms in a medium. The novel approach is aimed at determining not only the bulk distribution, but also the time-varying velocity distribution. The two parts of the velocity distribution are key in the characterization of a
Waste reduction and process improvements in the analysis of plutonium by x-ray fluorescence
Significant modifications were made to a sample preparation process for quantifying gallium in plutonium metal by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence. These changes were made to minimize waste and improve process safety and efficiency. Sample sizes were reduced, cheaper sample preparation acids were used, and safety improvements were implemented. Using this modified process, results from analyzing a batch oftest samples indicated that relative precision and accuracy were {approx}0.2% and {approx}0.1% respectively, which is comparable to that obtained using the older, established sample preparation method.
Worley, Christopher G [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sodweberg, Constance B [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Townsend, Lisa E [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Virtual Optical Comparator
The Virtual Optical Comparator, VOC, was conceived as a result of the limitations of conventional optical comparators and vision systems. Piece part designs for mechanisms have started to include precision features on the face of parts that must be viewed using a reflected image rather than a profile shadow. The VOC concept uses a computer generated overlay and a digital camera to measure features on a video screen. The advantage of this system is superior edge detection compared to traditional systems. No vinyl charts are procured or inspected. The part size and expensive fixtures are no longer a concern because of the range of the X-Y table of the Virtual Optical Comparator. Product redesigns require only changes to the CAD image overlays; new vinyl charts are not required. The inspection process is more ergonomic by allowing the operator to view the part sitting at a desk rather than standing over a 30 inch screen. The procurement cost for the VOC will be less than a traditional comparator with a much smaller footprint with less maintenance and energy requirements.
Thompson, Greg
Colour displays in wireless phones DAVID FELDTHUSEN
compact fluorescent bulbs, CO2 emissions would be reduced by approximately 20 million metric tons and save that indirect persuasion led to an increase in environmental attitudes, while direct persuasion led to more, for the action "replace one incandescent bulb with a compact fluorescent bulb" we assume the individual
Assarsson, Ulf
Measurement of radical-species concentrations and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flames by fluorescence and absorption using a tunable dye laser. Progress report, March 1, 1980-February 28, 1981
A theoretical and experimental investigation of OH saturated fluorescence is described. The goal of the research is to develop a saturated fluorescence technique which will yield accurate molecular number densities over a wide range of flame pressure, temperature, and composition. Experimentally, OH is excited by a ten nanosecond pulse from a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser tuned to an isolated rotational transition in the (0,0) band of the A/sup 2/..sigma../sup +/-X/sup 2/ pi electronic system. The resulting fluorescence signal is resolved both spectrally and temporally. Total OH number densities are calculated by collecting fluorescence from the directly excited upper rotational level, and using the balanced cross-rate model to analyze the experimental data. Fluorescence measurements of OH number density agree to within a factor of three with the results of independent OH absorption measurements. Significantly, the ratio of the fluorescence signal to the number density measured by absorption is nearly the same in 30, 100 and 250 torr H/sub 2//O/sub 2//N/sub 2/ flat flames, demonstrating the insensitivity of the saturated fluorescence signal to the quenching environment of the radical. Collisional transfer in excited OH is studied by recording the time development of OH fluorescence spectrum. The experimental spectra are compared with the results of time-dependent computer modeling. By varying rotational transfer rates until the calculated and experimental spectra agree, rotational transfer cross sections can be calculated. The signal processing system was thoroughly checked by comparing the photomultiplier output to that of a fast photodiode, and by comparing single pulse Rayleigh scattering and fluorescence traces with sampling oscilloscope traces.
Lucht, R.P.; Sweeney, D.W.; Laurendeau, N.M.
Cyanine-based probe\\tag-peptide pair fluorescence protein imaging and fluorescence protein imaging methods
A molecular probe comprises two arsenic atoms and at least one cyanine based moiety. A method of producing a molecular probe includes providing a molecule having a first formula, treating the molecule with HgOAc, and subsequently transmetallizing with AsCl.sub.3. The As is liganded to ethanedithiol to produce a probe having a second formula. A method of labeling a peptide includes providing a peptide comprising a tag sequence and contacting the peptide with a biarsenical molecular probe. A complex is formed comprising the tag sequence and the molecular probe. A method of studying a peptide includes providing a mixture containing a peptide comprising a peptide tag sequence, adding a biarsenical probe to the mixture, and monitoring the fluorescence of the mixture.
Mayer-Cumblidge, M. Uljana; Cao, Haishi
ffing-analysis-instructions-blank-sheet-and-example-sheet Article The History of the Light Bulb From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, we're exploring the long history of...
-rebuilding-green-homes-after-disaster-revised-fact-sheet Article The History of the Light Bulb From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, we're exploring the long history of...
Zinc Oxide and Nitride Nanowire Based Light Emitting Diodes
lumens/W, the LED beats the incandescent bulb and is on thefor an LED as opposed to an incandescent light bulb as shownbulb, fluorescent lamp, and blue light emitting diode. (24) (25) 2.2 LED
Lai, Elaine Michelle
Electric Power | Department of Energy
Electric Power Electric Power From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, learn more about the long history of the light bulb. From incandescent...
4-epa-notice-availability-final-environmental-impact-statement Article The History of the Light Bulb From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, we're exploring the long...
Fermilab Today - Safety Tip of the Week Archive
yourself money at the same time. And it takes little effort, just use compact fluorescent light bulbs, or CFLs. The bulbs use as little as one-fourth the electricity, and last up...
Interference in the resonance fluorescence of two incoherently coupled transitions
The fluorescence light emitted by a 4-level system in $J=1/2$ to $J=1/2$ configuration driven by a monochromatic laser field and in an external magnetic field is studied. We show that the spectrum of resonance fluorescence emitted on the $\\pi$ transitions shows a signature of spontaneously generated interference effects. The degree of interference in the fluorescence spectrum can be controlled by means of the external magnetic field, provided that the Land\\'e g-factors of the excited and the ground state doublet are different. For a suitably chosen magnetic field strength, the relative weight of the Rayleigh line can be completely suppressed, even for low intensities of the coherent driving field. The incoherent fluorescence spectrum emitted on the $\\pi$ transitions exhibits a very narrow peak whose width and weight depends on the magnetic field strength. We demonstrate that the spectrum of resonance fluorescence emitted on the $\\sigma$ transitions show an indirect signature of interference. A measurement of the relative peak heights in the spectrum from the $\\sigma$ transitions allows to determine the branching ratio of the spontaneous decay of each excited state into the $\\sigma$ channel.
Martin Kiffner; Joerg Evers; Christoph H. Keitel
OH-Planar Fluorescence Measurements of Pressurized, Hydrogen Premixed Flames in the SimVal Combustor
Planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the hydroxyl radical in lean, premixed natural gas flames augmented with hydrogen are presented. The experiments were conducted in the Simulation Validation combustor at the National Energy Technology Laboratory at operating pressures from 1 to 8 atmospheres. The data, which were collected in a combustor with well-controlled boundary conditions, are intended to be used for validating computational fluid dynamics models under conditions directly relevant to land-based gas turbine engines. The images, which show significant effects of hydrogen on local flame quenching, are discussed in terms of a turbulent premixed combustion regime and nondimensional parameters such as Karlovitz number. Pressure was found to thin the OH region, but only had a secondary effect on overall flame shape compared with the effects of hydrogen addition, which was found to decrease local quenching and shorten the turbulent flame brush. A method to process the individual images based on local gradients of fluorescence intensity is proposed, and results are presented. Finally, the results of several large eddy simulations are presented and compared with the experimental data in an effort to understand the issues related to model validation, especially for simulations that do not include OH as an intermediate species.
Strakey, P.A.; Woodruff, S.D.; Williams, T.C. (Sandia); Schefer, R.W. (Sandia)
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Safeguards Applications
In nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements, resonances are excited by an external photon beam leading to the emission of {gamma} rays with specific energies that are characteristic of the emitting isotope. The promise of NRF as a non-destructive analysis technique (NDA) in safeguards applications lies in its potential to directly quantify a specific isotope in an assay target without the need for unfolding the combined responses of several fissile isotopes as often required by other NDA methods. The use of NRF for detection of sensitive nuclear materials and other contraband has been researched in the past. In the safeguards applications considered here one has to go beyond mere detection and precisely quantify the isotopic content, a challenge that is discussed throughout this report. Basic NRF measurement methods, instrumentation, and the analytical calculation of NRF signal strengths are described in Section 2. Well understood modeling and simulation tools are needed for assessing the potential of NRF for safeguards and for designing measurement systems. All our simulations were performed with the radiation transport code MCNPX, a code that is widely used in the safeguards community. Our initial studies showed that MCNPX grossly underestimated the elastically scattered background at backwards angles due to an incorrect treatment of Rayleigh scattering. While new, corrected calculations based on ENDF form factors showed much better agreement with experimental data for the elastic scattering of photons on an uranium target, the elastic backscatter is still not rigorously treated. Photonuclear scattering processes (nuclear Thomson, Delbruck and Giant Dipole Resonance scattering), which are expected to play an important role at higher energies, are not yet included. These missing elastic scattering contributions were studied and their importance evaluated evaluated against data found in the literature as discussed in Section 3. A transmission experiment was performed in September 2009 to test and demonstrate the applicability of the method to the quantitative measurement of an isotope of interest embedded in a thick target. The experiment, data analysis, and results are described in Section 4. The broad goal of our NRF studies is to assess the potential of the technique in safeguards applications. Three examples are analyzed in Section 5: the isotopic assay of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), the measurement of {sup 235}U enrichment in UF{sub 6} cylinders, and the determination of {sup 239}Pu in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The study of NRF for the assay of SNF assemblies was supported by the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of a large multi-lab/university effort to quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass in spent nuclear fuel assemblies and to detect the diversion of pins with non-destructive assay (NDA) methods. NRF is one of 14 NDA techniques being researched. The methodology for performing and analyzing quantitative NRF measurements was developed for determining Pu mass in SNF and is extensively discussed in this report. The same methodology was applied to the assessment of NRF for the measurement of {sup 235}U enrichment and the determination of {sup 239}Pu in MOX fuel. The analysis centers on determining suitable NRF measurement methods, measurement capabilities that could be realized with currently available instrumentation, and photon source and detector requirements for achieving useful NDA capabilities.
Ludewigt, Bernhard A; Quiter, Brian J; Ambers, Scott D
Ferroelectric optical image comparator
A ferroelectric optical image comparator has a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin-film device which is constructed with a semi-transparent or transparent conductive first electrode on one side of the thin film, a conductive metal second electrode on the other side of the thin film, and the second electrode is in contact with a nonconducting substrate. A photoinduced current in the device represents the dot product between a stored image and an image projected onto the first electrode. One-dimensional autocorrelations are performed by measuring this current while displacing the projected image. 7 figures.
Butler, M.A.; Land, C.E.; Martin, S.J.; Pfeifer, K.B.
A ferroelectric optical image comparator has a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin-film device which is constructed with a semi-transparent or transparent conductive first electrode on one side of the thin film, a conductive metal second electrode on the other side of the thin film, and the second electrode is in contact with a nonconducting substrate. A photoinduced current in the device represents the dot product between a stored image and an image projected onto the first electrode. One-dimensional autocorrelations are performed by measuring this current while displacing the projected image.
Butler, Michael A. (Albuquerque, NM); Land, Cecil E. (Albuquerque, NM); Martin, Stephen J. (Albuquerque, NM); Pfeifer, Kent B. (Los Lunas, NM)
Energy Cost Calculator for Compact Fluorescent Lamps | Department of Energy
Compact Fluorescent Lamps Compact Fluorescent Lamps Energy Cost Calculator for Compact Fluorescent Lamps October 8, 2013 - 2:18pm Addthis This tool calculates the payback period for your calc retrofit project. Modify the default values to suit your project requirements. Existing incandescent lamp wattage Watts Incandescent lamp cost dollars Incandescent lamp life 1000 hours calc wattage Watts calc cost dollars calc life (6000 hours for moderate use, 10000 hours for high use) 8000 hours Number of lamps in retrofit project Hours operating per week hours Average cost of electricity 0.06 $/kWh Relamper labor costs $/hr Time taken to retrofit all lamps in this project min Time taken to relamp one lamp min Type of Relamping Practiced: Group Relamping: Calculate Simple Payback Period months
Biocompatible polymers with hydrolyzable chemical bonds have been used to produce safe, non-toxic fluorescent microspheres for material penetration studies. The selection of polymeric materials depends on both biocompatibility and processability, with tailored fluorescent properties depending on specific applications. Microspheres are composed of USFDA-approved biodegradable polymers and non-toxic fluorophores and are therefore suitable for tests where human exposure is possible. Micropheres were produced which contain unique fluorophores to enable discrimination from background aerosol particles. Characteristics that affect dispersion and adhesion can be modified depending on use. Several different microsphere preparation methods are possible, including the use of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG), a Sono-Tek atomizer, an emulsion technique, and inkjet printhead. Applications for the fluorescent microspheres include challenges for biodefense system testing, calibrants for biofluorescence sensors, and particles for air dispersion model validation studies.
Farquar, G; Leif, R
Fluorescent single walled nanotube/silica composite materials
Fluorescent composites of surfactant-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared by exposing suspensions of surfactant-wrapped carbon nanotubes to tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) vapor. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) were the surfactants. No loss in emission intensity was observed when the suspension of DOC-wrapped SWNTs were exposed to the TMOS vapors, but about a 50% decrease in the emission signal was observed from the SDS-wrapped SWNTs nanotubes. The decrease in emission was minimal by buffering the SDS/SWNT suspension prior to forming the composite. Fluorescent xerogels were prepared by adding glycerol to the SWNT suspensions prior to TMOS vapor exposure, followed by drying the gels. Fluorescent aerogels were prepared by replacing water in the gels with methanol and then exposing them to supercritical fluid drying conditions. The aerogels can be used for gas sensing.
Dattelbaum, Andrew M.; Gupta, Gautam; Duque, Juan G.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Hamilton, Christopher E.; DeFriend Obrey, Kimberly A.
Laser-induced differential normalized fluorescence method for cancer diagnosis
An apparatus and method for cancer diagnosis are disclosed. The diagnostic method includes the steps of irradiating a tissue sample with monochromatic excitation light, producing a laser-induced fluorescence spectrum from emission radiation generated by interaction of the excitation light with the tissue sample, and dividing the intensity at each wavelength of the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum by the integrated area under the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum to produce a normalized spectrum. A mathematical difference between the normalized spectrum and an average value of a reference set of normalized spectra which correspond to normal tissues is calculated, which provides for amplifying small changes in weak signals from malignant tissues for improved analysis. The calculated differential normalized spectrum is correlated to a specific condition of a tissue sample.
Vo-Dinh, Tuan (Knoxville, TN); Panjehpour, Masoud (Knoxville, TN); Overholt, Bergein F. (Knoxville, TN)
Time-resolved Hyperspectral Fluorescence Spectroscopy using Frequency Modulated Excitation
An intensity-modulated excitation light source is used together with a micro channel plate intensified CCD (ICCD) detector gated at a slightly different frequency to generate a beat frequency from a fluorescent sample. The addition of a spectrograph produces a hyperspectral time-resolved data product where the resulting beat frequency is detected with a low frame rate camera. Measuring the beat frequency of the spectrum as a function of time allows separation of the excited fluorescence from ambient constant light sources. The excitation and detector repetition rates are varied over a range of discrete frequencies, and the phase shift of the beat wave maps out the emission decay rate(s).
,; Neill, M
Digital optical phase conjugation of fluorescence in turbid tissue
We demonstrate a method for phase conjugating fluorescence. Our method, called reference free digital optical phase conjugation, can conjugate extremely weak, incoherent optical signals. It was used to phase conjugate fluorescent light originating from a bead covered with 0.5 mm of light-scattering tissue. The phase conjugated beam refocuses onto the bead and causes a local increase of over two orders of magnitude in the light intensity. Potential applications are in imaging, optical trapping, and targeted photochemical activation inside turbid tissue.
Vellekoop, Ivo M.; Cui Meng; Yang Changhuei [Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California (United States)
A versatile detector for total fluorescence and electron yield experiments
The combination of a non-coated silicon photodiode with electron repelling meshes makes a versatile detector for total fluorescence yield and electron yield techniques highly suitable for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In particular, a copper mesh with a bias voltage allows to suppress or transmit the electron yield signal. The performance of this detection scheme has been characterized by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure studies of thermal oxidized silicon and sapphire. The results show that the new detector probes both electron yield and for a bias voltage exceeding the maximum photon energy the total fluorescence yield.
Thielemann, N. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Institut fuer Physik, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Hoffmann, P. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Foehlisch, A. [Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Institut fuer Physik und Astronomie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
Fluorescence Axial Localization with Nanometer Accuracy and Precision
We describe a new technique, standing wave axial nanometry (SWAN), to image the axial location of a single nanoscale fluorescent object with sub-nanometer accuracy and 3.7 nm precision. A standing wave, generated by positioning an atomic force microscope tip over a focused laser beam, is used to excite fluorescence; axial position is determined from the phase of the emission intensity. We use SWAN to measure the orientation of single DNA molecules of different lengths, grafted on surfaces with different functionalities.
Li, Hui; Yen, Chi-Fu; Sivasankar, Sanjeevi
The property of ferroelectric ceramics such as lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) to store information has been known for many years. This relates to the property of ferroelectric ceramic materials to become permanently polarized when an electric signal is applied to the material. A ferroelectric optical image comparator has a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin-film device which is constructed with a semi-transparent or transparent conductive first electrode on one side of the thin film, a conductive metal second electrode on the other side of the thin film, and the second electrode is in contact with a nonconducting substrate. A photoinduced current in the device represents the dot product between a stored image and an image projected onto the first electrode. One-dimensional autocorrelations are performed by measuring this current while displacing the projected image. 5 figs.
Encuentre y Compare Autos
Usted está aquí: Encuentre un Auto - Inicio Usted está aquí: Encuentre un Auto - Inicio Encuentre y Compare Autos Busque por Modelo Vamos ¿Necesita ayuda para escoger un auto? woman shopping for car Búsqueda por MPG, precio, marca, carrocería, y mucho más Búsqueda Avanzada Busque por Clase 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Autos Pequeños Sedans Familiares Sedans Exclusivos Sedans de Lujo Autos Grandes Hatchbacks/Tres Puertas Coupés Convertibles Modelos Deportivos Vagonetas Camiones de Carga Camionetas Minivans Vans MPG Combinado >= 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Vamos Véa Autos Nuevos sedan Pequeños sedan Sedans coupe Coupes hatchback Tres Puertas sporty car Deportivos luxury car Autos Lujosos station wagon Vagonetas minivan Minivans truck
Find and Compare Cars
You are here: Find a Car - Home You are here: Find a Car - Home Find and Compare Cars Browse by Model Go Need help choosing a car? woman shopping for car Search by MPG, price, make, body style, and much more with our Power Search Search by Class 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Small Cars Family Sedans Upscale Sedans Luxury Sedans Large Sedans Hatchbacks Coupes Convertibles Sports/Sporty Cars Station Wagons Pickup Trucks Sport Utility Vehicles Minivans Vans Combined MPG >= 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Go Browse New Cars sedan Small Cars sedan Sedans coupe Coupes hatchback Hatchbacks sporty car Sporty Cars luxury car Luxury Cars station wagon Wagons minivan Minivans truck Trucks SUV SUVs hybrid Hybrid Vehicles diesel Diesel Vehicles flex-fuel vehicle
An approach for evaluating the market effects of energy efficiency programs
market effects interim report, significantly more households in the compar- ison states purchased light bulbs
Vine, Edward; Prahl, Ralph; Meyers, Steve; Turiel, Isaac
Relationships of Light Transmission, Stratification and Fluorescence in the Hypoxic Region of the Texas-Louisiana Shelf in Spring/Summer 2009
The growth of phytoplankton in hypoxic waters requires nutrients and light. In river plumes of the coastal ocean, river borne surface nutrient concentrations decrease with distance from the river mouth. Light availability at the surface also changes with distance from the river source, as particulates and other materials sink through the water column. Using in situ CTD sensors, water samples of nutrients, and ship flow-through data from two Louisiana Shelf research cruises, April and July 2009, the relationship between transmissivity, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), stratification, and fluorescence are analyzed. PAR is measured using a silicon photovoltaic detector and is measured in the 400 to 700 nm range. A fluorometer is used to measure the fluorescence of chlorophyll a in g/L and is a proxy indicator for phytoplankton biomass. The Louisiana Shelf is home to the largest hypoxic zone in the western hemisphere, covering on average more than 15000 sq. km. The Louisiana hypoxic zone occurs seasonally in summer and is typically dissipated by physical processes in fall. Hypoxia is defined as waters that have a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.4 ml/L and is the level at which marine organisms are typically adversely affected. Preliminary results show expected relationships between transmissivity and fluorescence in the water column indicating a positive correlation between light availability and fluorescence. The spatial distribution of stratification, light availability, fluorescence, and nutrients are compared for the different seasons.
Towns, Jenny L
Asynchronous parallel status comparator
Disclosed is an apparatus for matching asynchronously received signals and determining whether two or more out of a total number of possible signals match. The apparatus comprises, in one embodiment, an array of sensors positioned in discrete locations and in communication with one or more processors. The processors will receive signals if the sensors detect a change in the variable sensed from a nominal to a special condition and will transmit location information in the form of a digital data set to two or more receivers. The receivers collect, read, latch and acknowledge the data sets and forward them to decoders that produce an output signal for each data set received. The receivers also periodically reset the system following each scan of the sensor array. A comparator then determines if any two or more, as specified by the user, of the output signals corresponds to the same location. A sufficient number of matches produces a system output signal that activates a system to restore the array to its nominal condition. 4 figs.
Arnold, J.W.; Hart, M.M.
Apparatus for matching asynchronously received signals and determining whether two or more out of a total number of possible signals match. The apparatus comprises, in one embodiment, an array of sensors positioned in discrete locations and in communication with one or more processors. The processors will receive signals if the sensors detect a change in the variable sensed from a nominal to a special condition and will transmit location information in the form of a digital data set to two or more receivers. The receivers collect, read, latch and acknowledge the data sets and forward them to decoders that produce an output signal for each data set received. The receivers also periodically reset the system following each scan of the sensor array. A comparator then determines if any two or more, as specified by the user, of the output signals corresponds to the same location. A sufficient number of matches produces a system output signal that activates a system to restore the array to its nominal condition.
Arnold, Jeffrey W. (828 Hickory Ridge Rd., Aiken, SC 29801); Hart, Mark M. (223 Limerick Dr., Aiken, SC 29803)
This is an apparatus for matching asynchronously received signals and determining whether two or more out of a total number of possible signals match. The apparatus comprises, in one embodiment, an array of sensors positioned in discrete locations and in communication with one or more processors. The processors will receive signals if the sensors detect a change in the variable sensed from a nominal to a special condition and will transmit location information in the form of a digital data set to two or more receivers. The receivers collect, read, latch and acknowledge the data sets and forward them to decoders that produce an output signal for each data set received. The receivers also periodically reset the system following each scan of the sensor array. A comparator then determines if any two or more, as specified by the user, of the output signals corresponds to the same location. A sufficient number of matches produces a system output signal that activates a system to restore the array to its nominal condition.
Feasibility of x ray fluorescence for spent fuel safeguards
Quantifying the Pu content in spent nuclear fuel is necessary for many reasons, in particular to verify that diversion or other illicit activities have not occurred. Therefore, safeguarding the world's nuclear fuel is paramount to responsible nuclear regulation and public acceptance, but achieving this goal presents many difficulties from both a technical and economic perspective. The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) of NA-24 is funding a large collaborative effort between multiple laboratories and universities to improve spent nuclear fuel safeguards methods and equipment. This effort involves the current work of modeling several different nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques. Several are being researched, because no single NDA technique, in isolation, has the potential to properly characterize fuel assemblies and offer a robust safeguards measure. The insights gained from this research, will be used to down-select from the original set a few of the most promising techniques that complement each other. The goal is to integrate the selected instruments to create an accurate measurement system for fuel verification that is also robust enough to detect diversions. These instruments will be fabricated and tested under realistic conditions. This work examines one of the NDA techniques; the feasibility of using x ray emission peaks from Pu and U to gather information about their relative quantities in the spent fuel. X Ray Fluorescence (XRF), is unique compared to the investigated techniques in that it is the only one able to give the elemental ratio of Pu to U, allowing the possibility of a Pu gram quantity for the assembly to be calculated. XRF also presents many challenges, mainly its low penetration, since the low energy x rays of interest are effectively shielded by the first few millimeters of a fuel pin. This paper will explore the results of Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) transport code calculations of spent fuel x ray peaks. The MCNPX simulations will be benchmarked against measurements taken at Oak Ridge. Analysis of the feasibility of XRFs role in spent nuclear fuel safeguards efforts, particularly in the context of the overall NGSI effort will be discussed.
Freeman, Corey Ross [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mozin, Vladimir [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tobin, Stephen J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Fensin, Michael L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; White, Julia M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Croft, Stephen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stafford, Alissa [TAMU; Charlton, William [TAMU
Compact Fluorescent Plug-In Ballast-in-a-Socket
The primary goal of this program was to develop a ballast system for plug-in CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps) that will directly replace standard metal shell, medium base incandescent lampholders (such as Levition No. 6098) for use with portable lamp fixtures, such as floor, table and desk lamps. A secondary goal was to identify a plug-in CFL that is optimized for use with this ballast. This Plug-in CFL Ballastin-a-Socket system will allow fixture manufacturers to easily manufacture CFL-based high-efficacy portable fixtures that provide residential and commercial consumers with attractive, cost-effective, and energy-efficient fixtures for use wherever portable incandescent fixtures are used today. The advantages of this proposed system over existing CFL solutions are that the fixtures can only be used with high-efficacy CFLs, and they will be more attractive and will have lower life-cycle costs than screw-in or adapter-based CFL retrofit solutions. These features should greatly increase the penetration of CFL's into the North American market. Our work has shown that using integrated circuits it is quite feasible to produce a lamp-fixture ballast of a size comparable to the current Edison-screw 3-way incandescent fixtures. As for price points for BIAS-based fixtures, end-users polled by the Lighting Research Institute at RPI indicated that they would pay as much as an additional $10 for a lamp containing such a ballast. The ballast has been optimized to run with a 26 W amalgam triple biax lamp in the base-down position, yet can accept non-amalgam versions of the lamp. With a few part alterations, the ballast can be produced to support 32 W lamps as well. The ballast uses GE's existing L-Comp[1] power topology in the circuit so that the integrated circuit design would be a design that could possibly be used by other CFL and EFL products with minor modifications. This gives added value by reducing cost and size of not only the BIAS, but also possibly other integral CFL and future dimmable integral and plug-in versions of the EFL products.
Rebecca Voelker
Fluorescence photon migration by the boundary element method
The use of the boundary element method (BEM) is explored as an alternative to the finite element method (FEM) solution methodology for the elliptic equations used to model the generation and transport of fluorescent light in highly scattering media, without the need for an internal volume mesh. The method is appropriate for domains where it is reasonable to assume the fluorescent properties are regionally homogeneous, such as when using highly specific molecularly targeted fluorescent contrast agents in biological tissues. In comparison to analytical results on a homogeneous sphere, BEM predictions of complex emission fluence are shown to be more accurate and stable than those of the FEM. Emission fluence predictions made with the BEM using a 708-node mesh, with roughly double the inter-node spacing of boundary nodes as in a 6956-node FEM mesh, match experimental frequency-domain fluorescence emission measurements acquired on a 1087 cm{sup 3} breast-mimicking phantom at least as well as those of the FEM, but require only 1/8 to 1/2 the computation time.
Fedele, Francesco [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 (United States); Eppstein, Margaret J. [Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 (United States)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Laible, Jeffrey P. [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 (United States); Godavarty, Anuradha [Photon Migration Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012 (United States); Sevick-Muraca, Eva M. [Photon Migration Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012 (United States)
Automated hybridization/imaging device for fluorescent multiplex DNA sequencing
A method is disclosed for automated multiplex sequencing of DNA with an integrated automated imaging hybridization chamber system. This system comprises an hybridization chamber device for mounting a membrane containing size-fractionated multiplex sequencing reaction products, apparatus for fluid delivery to the chamber device, imaging apparatus for light delivery to the membrane and image recording of fluorescence emanating from the membrane while in the chamber device, and programmable controller apparatus for controlling operation of the system. The multiplex reaction products are hybridized with a probe, the enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase) is bound to a binding moiety on the probe, and a fluorogenic substrate (such as a benzothiazole derivative) is introduced into the chamber device by the fluid delivery apparatus. The enzyme converts the fluorogenic substrate into a fluorescent product which, when illuminated in the chamber device with a beam of light from the imaging apparatus, excites fluorescence of the fluorescent product to produce a pattern of hybridization. The pattern of hybridization is imaged by a CCD camera component of the imaging apparatus to obtain a series of digital signals. These signals are converted by the controller apparatus into a string of nucleotides corresponding to the nucleotide sequence an automated sequence reader. The method and apparatus are also applicable to other membrane-based applications such as colony and plaque hybridization and Southern, Northern, and Western blots. 9 figs.
Weiss, R.B.; Kimball, A.W.; Gesteland, R.F.; Ferguson, F.M.; Dunn, D.M.; Di Sera, L.J.; Cherry, J.L.
A method is disclosed for automated multiplex sequencing of DNA with an integrated automated imaging hybridization chamber system. This system comprises an hybridization chamber device for mounting a membrane containing size-fractionated multiplex sequencing reaction products, apparatus for fluid delivery to the chamber device, imaging apparatus for light delivery to the membrane and image recording of fluorescence emanating from the membrane while in the chamber device, and programmable controller apparatus for controlling operation of the system. The multiplex reaction products are hybridized with a probe, then an enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase) is bound to a binding moiety on the probe, and a fluorogenic substrate (such as a benzothiazole derivative) is introduced into the chamber device by the fluid delivery apparatus. The enzyme converts the fluorogenic substrate into a fluorescent product which, when illuminated in the chamber device with a beam of light from the imaging apparatus, excites fluorescence of the fluorescent product to produce a pattern of hybridization. The pattern of hybridization is imaged by a CCD camera component of the imaging apparatus to obtain a series of digital signals. These signals are converted by the controller apparatus into a string of nucleotides corresponding to the nucleotide sequence an automated sequence reader. The method and apparatus are also applicable to other membrane-based applications such as colony and plaque hybridization and Southern, Northern, and Western blots.
Weiss, Robert B. (Salt Lake City, UT); Kimball, Alvin W. (Salt Lake City, UT); Gesteland, Raymond F. (Salt Lake City, UT); Ferguson, F. Mark (Salt Lake City, UT); Dunn, Diane M. (West Valley City, UT); Di Sera, Leonard J. (Salt Lake City, UT); Cherry, Joshua L. (Salt Lake City, UT)
Restoration of X-ray fluorescence images of hidden paintings
This paper describes our methods for repairing and restoring images of hidden paintings (paintings that have been painted over and are now covered by a new surface painting) that have been obtained via noninvasive X-ray fluorescence imaging of their ... Keywords: Art restoration, Artifact correction, Image restoration, Underdetermined source separation
Anila Anitha; Andrei Brasoveanu; Marco Duarte; Shannon Hughes; Ingrid Daubechies; Joris Dik; Koen Janssens; Matthias Alfeld
Convection venting lensed reflector-type compact fluorescent lamp system
Disclosed herein is a fluorescent lamp housing assembly capable of providing convection cooling to the lamp and the ballast. The lens of the present invention includes two distinct portions, a central portion and an apertured portion. The housing assembly further includes apertures so that air mass is able to freely move up through the assembly and out ventilation apertures. 12 figs.
Pelton, B.A.; Siminovitch, M.
Distinguishability of Biological Material Using Ultraviolet Multi-Spectral Fluorescence
Recent interest in the detection and analysis of biological samples by spectroscopic methods has led to questions concerning the degree of distinguishability and biological variability of the ultraviolet (W) fluorescent spectra from such complex samples. We show that the degree of distinguishability of such spectra is readily determined numerically.
Gray, P.C.; Heinen, R.J.; Rigdon, L.D.; Rosenthal, S.E.; Shokair, I.R.; Siragusa, G.R.; Tisone, G.C.; Wagner, J.S.
Fluorescent lamp with static magnetic field generating means
A fluorescent lamp wherein magnetic field generating means (e.g., permanent magnets) are utilized to generate a static magnetic field across the respective electrode structures of the lamp such that maximum field strength is located at the electrode's filament. An increase in efficacy during operation has been observed.
Moskowitz, Philip E. (Peabody, MA); Maya, Jakob (Brookline, MA)
A fluorescent lamp wherein magnetic field generating means (e.g., permanent magnets) are utilized to generate a static magnetic field across the respective electrode structures of the lamp such that maximum field strength is located at the electrode's filament. An increase in efficacy during operation has been observed. 2 figs.
Moskowitz, P.E.; Maya, J.
Disclosed herein is a fluorescent lamp housing assembly capable of providing convection cooling to the lamp and the ballast. The lens of the present invention includes two distinct portions, a central portion and an apertured portion. The housing assembly further includes apertures so that air mass is able to freely move up through the assembly and out ventilation apertures.
Pelton, Bruce A. (825 Manor Rd., El Sobrante, CA 94803); Siminovitch, Michael (829 Manor Rd., El Sobrante, CA 94803)
Have You Switched to Compact Fluorescent Lights? Why or Why Not...
Switched to Compact Fluorescent Lights? Why or Why Not? Have You Switched to Compact Fluorescent Lights? Why or Why Not? May 1, 2009 - 1:52pm Addthis On Tuesday, John wrote about...
Examining 239Pu and 240Pu Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements on Spent Fuel for Nuclear Safeguards
resonance fluorescence in 240 Pu,� Submitted to Phys. Rev.near 2 MeV in 235 U and 239 Pu,� Phys. Rev. C 041601(R) (Examining Pu and Pu Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
LED-induced fluorescence diagnostics for turbine and combustion engine thermometry
Fluorescence from phosphor coatings is the basis of an established technique for measuring temperature in a wide variety of turbine and combustion engine applications. Example surfaces include blades, vanes, combustors, intake valves, pistons, and rotors. Many situations that are remote and noncontact require the high intensity of a laser to illuminate the phosphor, especially if the surface is moving. Thermometric resolutions of 0.1 C are obtainable, and some laboratory versions of these systems have been calibrated against NIST standards to even higher precision. To improve the measurement signal-to-noise ratio, synchronous detection timing has been used to repeatedly interrogate the same blade in a high speed rotating turbine. High spatial resolution can be obtained by tightly focusing the interrogation beam in measurements of static surfaces, and by precise differential timing of the laser pulses on rotating surfaces. We report here the use of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a n illumination source for producing useable fluorescence from phosphors for temperature measurements. An LED can excite most of the same phosphors used to cover the temperature range from 8 to 1400 C. The advantages of using LEDs are obvious in terms of size, power requirements, space requirements and cost. There can also be advantages associated with very long operating lifetimes, wide range of available colors, and their broader emission bandwidths as compared to laser diodes. Temperature may be inferred either from phase or time-decay determinations.
Allison, S.W.
DNA complexes with dyes designed for energy transfer as fluorescent markers
Heteromultimeric fluorophores are provided for binding to DNA, which allow for the detection of DNA in electrical separations and preparation of probes having high-fluorescent efficiencies and large Stokes shifts. In addition, by appropriate choice of fluorescent molecules, one can use a single narrow wavelength band excitation light source, while obtaining fluorescent emissions having sufficient separation to be readily discriminated. 4 figs.
Glazer, A.N.; Benson, S.C.
Glazer, A.M.; Benson, S.C.
Biofuels: Ethanol & Biodiesel ... This effect points to broader lighting market transformation beyond the target of the original legislation, ...
Transmission Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements of 238U in Thick Targets
Transmission nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements were made on targets consisting of Pb and depleted U with total areal densities near 86 g/cm2. The 238U content n the targets varied from 0 to 8.5percent (atom fraction). The experiment demonstrates the capability of using transmission measurements as a non-destructive technique to identify and quantify the presence of an isotope in samples with thicknesses comparable to he average thickness of a nuclear fuel assembly. The experimental data also appear to demonstrate the process of notch refilling with a predictable intensity. Comparison of measured spectra to previous backscatter 238U measurements indicates general agreement in observed excited states. Two new 238U excited states and possibly a third state have also been observed.
Quiter, Brian J.; Ludewigt, Bernhard A.; Mozin, Vladimir V.; Wilson, Cody; Korbly, Steve
Energy-efficient compact screw-in fluorescent lamp. Final report
A compact fluorescent lamp has been designed and constructed which can replace an incandescent lamp. The lamp is slightly larger than a standard lamp (8 3/4 in. x 3 1/4 in.), but is designed to fit a majority of portable lamp applications. This version, with a core-coil ballast, results in a system efficacy of 54 lumens per watt, with a light output of more than 1800 lumens. This compares favorably with a 100-watt incandescent (17.5 lumens per watt and 1750 lumens light output). The color temperature of 3000/sup 0/K is compatible with an incandescent lamp (2800/sup 0/K). The color rendition index (CRI) is 84. With a solid-state ballast, the efficacy and light output could be increased by 20% (65 l/w, 2200 lumens) and could provide a direct replacement for a three-way, 150-watt incandescent lamp (15 l/w, 2200 lumens).
Morton, E.W.
Biological detection and tagging using tailorable, reactive, highly fluorescent chemosensors.
This program was focused on the development of a fluorogenic chemosensor family that could tuned for reaction with electrophilic (e.g. chemical species, toxins) and nucleophilic (e.g. proteins and other biological molecules) species. Our chemosensor approach utilized the fluorescent properties of well-known berberine-type alkaloids. In situ chemosensor reaction with a target species transformed two out-of-plane, weakly conjugated, short-wavelength chromophores into one rigid, planar, conjugated, chromophore with strong long wavelength fluorescence (530-560 nm,) and large Stokes shift (100-180 nm). The chemosensor was activated with an isourea group which allowed for reaction with carboxylic acid moieties found in amino acids.
Shepodd, Timothy J.; Zifer, Thomas; McElhanon, James Ross; Rahn, Larry A.
Nanogold{reg_sign}, a gold cluster with a core of gold atoms 1.4 nm in diameter, has proven to be a superior probe label for electron microscopy (EM), giving both higher labeling density and improved access to previously hindered or restricted antigens. It may be visualized by autometallography (AMG) for use in light microscopy (LM): silver-and gold-amplified Nanogold detection has proven to be one of the most sensitive methods available for the detection of low copy number targets such as viral DNA in cells and tissue specimens. AMG enhancement has also made Nanogold an effective detection label in blots and gels. The following protocols will be described: Labeling of nuclear components in cells. Protocol for in situ hybridization and detection with fluorescein-Nanogold--or Cy3{trademark}-Nanogold-labeled streptavidin. Nanogold is an inert molecule, and generally does not interact with biological molecules unless a specific chemical reactivity is introduced into the molecule. Conjugates are prepared using site-specific chemical conjugation through reactive chemical functionalities introduced during Nanogold preparation, which allows the gold label to be attached to a specific site on the conjugate biomolecule. For example, a maleimido-Nanogold derivative, which is specific for thiol binding, is frequently attached to the hinge region of an antibody at a unique thiol site generated by selective reduction of a hinge disulfide. This site is remote from the antigen combining region, and the Nanogold, therefore, does not compromise target binding. Nanogold may also be prepared with specific reactivity towards amines or other unique chemical groups. This mode of attachment enables the preparation of probes labeled with both Nanogold and fluorescent labels. Different chemical reactivities are used to attach the Nanogold and the fluorescent groups to different sites in the conjugate biomolecule, as shown in Figure 7.1. In this manner, the two labels are spaced sufficiently far apart that fluorescent resonance energy transfer does not quench the fluorescent signal, and the probes may be used to label specimens for fluorescent and EM observation in a single staining procedure. This reduces the complexity of the staining procedure, allowing less specimen perturbation, and also enables a higher degree of correlation between the fluorescence and EM localization of the target, thus increasing the usefulness of the complementary data sets. Since gold and fluorescent-labeled probes are often used at different concentrations under different conditions, optimum procedures for the use of fluorescent and gold probes may entail some degree of compromise between the most appropriate conditions for the two types of probes. However, the chemical stability of the Nanogold label means that it is generally stable to a wide range of use conditions, and the following protocols have been found to be effective for labeling specimens with combined fluorescein and Nanogold-labeled antibody Fab' probes and with combined Cy3 and Nanogold-labeled streptavidin.
Studying DNA translocation in nanocapillaries using single molecule fluorescence
We demonstrate simultaneous measurements of DNA translocation into glass nanopores using ionic current detection and fluorescent imaging. We verify the correspondence between the passage of a single DNA molecule through the nanopore and the accompanying characteristic ionic current blockage. By tracking the motion of individual DNA molecules in the nanocapillary perpendicular to the optical axis and using a model, we can extract an effective mobility constant for DNA in our geometry under high electric fields.
Thacker, Vivek V; Hern�ndez-Ainsa, Silvia; Bell, Nicholas A W; Keyser, Ulrich F; 10.1063/1.4768929
Electronic Radio-Frequency (Electrodeless) Induction Lamps: A Fluorescent Technology
This EPRI Technical Update addresses an expanding energy efficient light source electronic radio-frequency (electrodeless) induction lamps. Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) use the past and future growth of the CFL market to illustrate the potential for the induction lighting market while emphasizing future technical improvements. Discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers consider induction lamps for high-efficiency fluorescent applications with long-...
Impurity studies in fusion devices using laser-fluorescence spectroscopy
Resonance fluorescence excitation of neutral atoms using tunable radiation from dye lasers offers a number of unique advantages for impurity studies in fusion devices. Using this technique, it is possible to perform local time-resolved measurements of the densities and velocity distributions of metallic impurities in fusion devices without disturbing the plasma. Velocities are measured by monitoring the fluorescence intensity while tuning narrow bandwidth laser radiation through the Doppler-broadened absorption spectrum of the transition. The knowledge of the velocity distribution of neutral impurities is particularly useful for the determination of impurity introduction mechanisms. The laser fluorescence technique will be described in terms of its application to metallic impurities in fusion devices and related laboratory experiments. Particular attention will be given to recent results from the ISX-B tokamak using pulsed dye lasers where detection sensitivities for neutral Fe of 10/sup 6/ atoms/cm/sup 3/ with a velocity resolution of 600 m/s (0.1 eV) have been achieved.
Husinsky, W.R.
Glovebox characterization and barrier integrity testing using fluorescent powder
This paper presents a method for characterizing the spread of contamination and testing the barrier integrity of a new glovebox during material transfer operations and glove change-outs using fluorescent powder. Argonne National Laboratory-West has performed this test on several new gloveboxes prior to putting them into service. The test is performed after the glovebox has been leak tested and all systems have been verified to be operational. The purpose of the test is to show that bag-in/bag-out operations and glove change-outs can be accomplished without spreading the actual contaminated material to non-contaminated areas. The characterization test also provides information as to where contamination might be expected to build-up during actual operations. The fluorescent powder is used because it is easily detectable using an ultra-violet light and disperses in a similar fashion to radioactive material. The characterization and barrier integrity test of a glovebox using fluorescent powder provides a visual method of determining areas of potential contamination accumulation and helps evaluate the ability to perform clean transfer operations and glove change-outs.
Wahlquist, D.R. [Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Technology Development Div.
Remediation plan for fluorescent light fixtures containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
This report describes the remedial action to achieve compliance with 29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements of fluorescent light fixtures containing PCBs at K-25 site. This remedial action is called the Remediation Plan for Fluorescent Light Fixtures Containing PCBs at the K-25 Site (The Plan). The Plan specifically discusses (1) conditions of non-compliance, (2) alternative solutions, (3) recommended solution, (4) remediation plan costs, (5) corrective action, (6) disposal of PCB waste, (7) training, and (8) plan conclusions. The results from inspections by Energy Systems personnel in 2 buildings at K-25 site and statistical extension of this data to 91 selected buildings at the K-25 site indicates that there are approximately 28,000 fluorescent light fixtures containing 47,036 ballasts. Approximately 38,531 contain PCBs and 2,799 of the 38,531 ballasts are leaking PCBs. Review of reportable occurrences at K-25 for the 12 month period of September 1990 through August 1991 shows that Energy Systems personnel reported 69 ballasts leaking PCBs. Each leaking ballast is in non-compliance with 29 CFR 1910 - Table Z-1-A. The age of the K-25 facilities indicate a continued and potential increase in ballasts leaking PCBs. This report considers 4 alternative solutions for dealing with the ballasts leaking PCBs. The advantages and disadvantages of each alternative solution are discussed and ranked using cost of remediation, reduction of health risks, and compliance with OSHA as criteria.
ENERGY STAR for Congregations: Action Workbook for Energy Stewardship
light bulbs with ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) or light emitting diode (LED) equipment, wherever appropriate. ENERGY STAR for Congregations: Action...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Source
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
of incandescent bulbs with more efficient compact fluorescent lighting and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Among electric end-use services in the residential sector,...
CX-008219: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
compact fluorescent light bulbs, switch and outlet gear gasket sealers, light emitting diode night lights, and water conservation devices. CX-008219.pdf More Documents &...
compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) wherever appropriate. > Install light-emitting diode (LED) exit signs. > Control the direct sun through windows in both summer and...
Federal Energy Management Program: Federal Procurement of Energy...
industrial luminaires and many types of exterior lighting. ENERGY STAR covers light bulbs, including compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps, and light fixtures, including a...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Sector
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
incandescent bulbs. High-performance incandescent, compact fluorescent, and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps continue to replace low-efficacy incandescent lamps. In 2035,...
PNNL: Research
Light Race to Save Energy, the Environment View full sized image Today's light-emitting diode light bulbs have a slight environmental edge over compact fluorescent lamps....
Lighting Controls | Department of Energy
fluorescent lighting fixtures rather than replace them. Dimmers and LEDs Some light-emitting diode (LED) lightbulbs can be used with dimmers. LED bulbs and fixtures must be...
High Bandgap Phosphide Approaches for LED Applications ...
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) ... The U.S. Department of Energy expects to phase out tungsten bulbs by 2014, and compact fluorescents by 2020, ...
DOE Solar Decathlon: News Blog � Tennessee
home's energy efficiency. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) provide the same amount of light as incandescent bulbs but use about 75% less energy. CFLs fit into common household...
Accelerated UV-Aging of EVA-based PV Encapsulants and ...
... Bulb filters** Quartz (inner) Borosilicate (outer) ... Test for >26 weeks (4,368 h) continuous light ... Xenon arc, fluorescent UV lamps (UVA, UVB), and ...
DOE Solar Decathlon: News Blog
DOE Solar Decathlon: News Blog � Blog Archive � Technology...
Published by the National Automobile Dealers Association
Automatic door closers on all exterior bays and pedestrian doors Compact fluorescent light bulbs Yes Efficient office equipment, electronics, and appliances Yes ...
1999 Commercial Buildings Characteristics--End-Use Equipment
Energy Consumption Survey Lighting Equipment Standard fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs were the most widely used types of lighting equipment (Figure 3). The vast...
Rare Earth Metals | Ames Laboratory
are critical components in modern electronic technologies, ranging from TVs, fluorescent light bulbs, cell phones and computers to "green" magnets in electric motors that power...
for bathrooms of 42 residences. These retrofits would involve upgrading incandescent light fixtures to those that will accommodate compact fluorescent bulbs. It is estimated...
Solid-State Lighting Issue 28: Selected Business and Technology...
be arranged in modules designed to replace cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), surface light emitting devices such as electro-luminescent panels, and bulbs for car headlights....
Microsoft Word - Hg.doc
products such as thermometers, batteries, electrical switches, and fluorescent light bulbs. In California, however, a significant amount of mercury enters the envi-...
CX-004779: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
building retrofits to include lighting (i.e., install compact and linear fluorescent light bulbs and ballasts, light emitting diode emergency and exit signs lighting,...
CX-000023: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
The proposed action would involve the replacement of parking lot light fixtures and light bulbs with highly efficient fluorescent lights and fixtures providing energy savings...
Apr 20, 2012... and yttrium are used in fluorescent light fixtures, while neodymium ... in electronic/electrical applications and in support radio and light bulbs,�...
Distributed Automated Demand Response
... could offer the adaptors under incentive programs in a manner similar to the programs in place for compact fluorescent light bulbs.
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant funds for purchasing compact fluorescent light bulbs, switch and outlet gear gasket sealers, light emitting diode night lights, and...
Technical Program
ity of replacing conventional incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lights with LED ... and exciting light sources as a commercial product with a high output.
DOE Headquarters Receives Energy Star Recognition from EPA |...
more energy efficient technologies - everything from energy efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) to driving alternative fuel vehicles," Secretary Bodman said. "It is...
These energy efficiency retrofits would include: (1) installation of compact fluorescent light bulbs, which use 75 percent less energy and last ten times longer than incandescent...
SSL Roadmap
new jobs. For the most part, LEDs will displace point sources such as incandescent lamps (light- bulbs), while OLEDs will displace area sources such as fluorescent lamps. OLEDs...
Wednesday, January 30, 2013, 1:15 pm EDT (1 hour talk followed by 30 minute of networking refreshments will be served)
and projected bulb efficacies of existing white light sources with white LEDs . LEDs have the potential distinct markets for the LEDs: the low efficacy market, characterized by the incandescent and halogen bulbs.157 0.186 LED 2020 (high invest) Any 160 13 100,000 0.013 0.044 0.057 Fluorescent bulbs are currently
Salama, Khaled
5/5/2011 1 of 2 The official version of this information will only be maintained in an on-line web format. Any and all printed copies of this material
-duty campus-only vehicles Zero or ultra low emissions Light Bulbs Screw-In Type Bulbs Energy Star qualified Low or no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) University Vehicles Vehicles Electric for light CFL(Compact Fluorescent) Pin-Type Bulbs TCLP Compliant Water Service Drinking Water Filtration Unit
Public perceptions of energy consumption and savings
more efficient light bulbs and appliances), in contrast to experts' recom- mendations. For a sample and substituting compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) for incan- descent bulbs, that have the potential curtailment (e.g., turning off lights, driving less) rather than efficiency improvements (e.g., installing
Chan, Hue Sun
Green Office Certificate Program (GOCP) Glossary Autoclave: Device to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high
to produce the renewable energy source. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs): Energy-saving light bulbs, which last longer and use far less energy than traditional (or incandescent) light bulbs for the same level and the environment. Incandescent lamps: (Light bulbs) create light by running electricity through a thin filament
Yamamoto, Keith
Optimization of Two-photon Excited Fluorescence Enhancement between Tunable and Broadband Femtosecond Laser Pulse Excitations
This project explores optimization of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) enhancement between tunable narrowband and un-tuned broadband femtosecond (fs) laser pulse excitations for two-photon microscopy (TPM). The research is conducted preliminarily in time domain and comprehensively in frequency domain to understand the physics behind TPEF enhancement by un-tuned sub-10 fs nearly transform-limited pulse (TLP) versus tunable 140 fs pulse. The preliminary study on inverse proportionality of TPEF yield to fs-pulse duration delimits a general lower-bound to narrowband fs-pulse regime (pulse duration > 40 fs) with assumption of dye-molecule frequency invariant response. Deviations from this inverse proportionality in broadband fs-pulse regime (pulse duration < 40 fs) highlights dye-molecule frequency variant response, necessity of group delay dispersion (GDD) compensation, and broadband TLP for TPEF enhancement. The follow-up comparative study is made on un-tuned sub-10 fs TLP versus tunable 140 fs pulse excitations using three dye-phantoms (Indo-1, FITC, and TRITC) representative of fluorescent probes with similar TPEF characteristics. The integrated experimental system, with custom-designed GDD compensation, dispersion-less laser-beam expanding and focusing, and compound-lens for efficient fluorescence collection with good spectral resolution, ensures accurate TPEF measurements. Differentiated TPEF enhancements of Indo-1 (1.6), FITC (6.7), and TRITC (5.2) proportionally agree with calculated ones due to the overlap of fs-pulse second harmonic (SH) power spectrum with dye-molecule two-photon excitation (TPE) spectrum. Physically speaking, with broadband sub-10 fs TLP readily involved in both degenerate (v1 = v2) and non-degenerate (v1 ? v2) two-photon absorption (TPA), this un-tuned ultrashort fs-pulse excitation simultaneously allows for more accessibility to TPA-associated final states and diversely promotes population of thus excited dye-molecules with the three dye-phantoms. Under environmental influences (mutual quenching through one-photon absorption(s) and solvent effect), multicolor TPEF enhancement observed from a mixture of the three dyes shows promise of sub-10 fs TLP as simultaneous excitation for multiple-dye labeled samples in contrast to compromised excitation with narrowband fs-pulse tuning. Both single- and multicolor TPEF enhancements clarify tradeoff between tunability of narrowband fs-pulse and un-tuned broadband fs-pulse excitations, being instructive to further considerations on optimization of TPEF enhancement by strategic utilization of broadband fs-pulse for better performance of TPM.
Wang, Chao
Performance of electronic ballasts and lighting controllers with 34-W fluorescent lamps: Final report
This study has measured the performance of energy-saving 34-watt F40, T-12, rapid-start, lite white fluorescent lamps being operated by solid-state ballasts and lighting control equipment. The performances of these lamps are compared with those of 40-watt F40, T-12 rapid-start cool white fluorescent lamp systems studied in the prior phase of this project. With the 34-watt F40 lamps and various solid-state ballasts, system efficacy ranged from 67 to 84 lumens per watt and ballast factor from 0.756 to 0.908. Average system efficacy using the 34-watt lamps exceeded that of systems using 40-watt lamps and the same solid-state ballasts by only 1 percent even though the 34-watt lamps is about 6 percent more efficacious than the 40-watt lamp. This apparent discrepancy is due to increased ballast losses when operating the 34-watt lamps. However, the system efficacy of the 34-watt lamps used with a solid-state ballast exceeded that of a 34-watt, two-lamp system using the standard core-coil ballast by as much as 29 percent. A T-8 fluorescent lamp system with a smaller lamp diameter was also included in the study. Operating this lamp with a solid-state ballast produced a high system efficacy of 90 lumens per watt, a 39 percent improvement over the efficacy of a 40-watt F40 system using the standard core-coil ballast. The use of static controllers with 34-watt F40 lamps can result in excessive flickering (46 percent) and the generation of a second harmonic as high as 96 percent of the fundamental frequency. The dynamic controllers, when used to dim the 34-watt lamps generally cannot be dimmed as low as the 40-watt lamp system without flickering. In general, the 34-watt energy-saving lamps are appropriate as a retrofit to reduce illumination levels. However, for new construction, the 40-watt F40 argon filled lamps cost less, perform better, and provide a more reliable system. 5 refs., 27 figs., 9 tabs.
Compare H�bridos Lado a Lado
Compare Hbridos Lado a Lado Quiero Comparar... Nuevos Hbridos Autos Pequeos Sedanes Familiares Sedanes de Lujo y Gran Lujo Camionetas Tipo Pickup Camionetas Deportivas Todo...
Biofuel: a comparative case study .
??This project analyzes the governments role in the commercialization of biofuel by comparing biofuel commercialization efforts to those of nuclear power and nanotechnology commercialization. The� (more)
Carter, Kasey
Assaying protein import into mitochondria using fluorescence spectroscopy
Most proteins residing in the mitochondrial matrix are synthesized in the cytosol and post-translationally imported into the mitochondrial matrix. The matrix-targeted preproteins traverse the outer mitochondrial membrane (OM) via the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM) complex, and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IM) via the Translocase of the Inner Membrane 23 (TIM23) complex. A novel system was set up to examine the import of matrix-targeted preproteins into mitochondria using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescent probe 6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4- yl)aminohexanoic acid (NBD) was site-specifically incorporated into different positions along the model matrix protein Su9-DHFR. The fluorescent-labeled polypeptides were either fully imported into isolated mitochondria or were arrested along the translocation pathway by the binding of methotrexate (MTX) to the DHFR moiety, creating NBDSu9- DHFR�?MTX import intermediates. The NBD-Su9-DHFR polypeptides were able to be fully imported into the mitochondrial matrix in the absence of MTX, and were inaccessible to externally-added iodide ion quenchers. Treatment of the mitochondria with the pore-forming antibiotic alamethicin allowed the iodide ion quenchers access to the matrix through pores in the inner membrane (IM). After Alamethicin treatment the fully-imported NBD-Su9-DHFR polypeptides were accessible to the externally-added iodide ions. The extent of collisional quenching of the NBD fluorophores by the iodide ions was measured as the Stern-Volmer quenching constant, Ksv. Ksv values were obtained for the NBD-Su9-DHFR polypeptides in the presence of MTX (import intermediates) or in the absence of MTX (fully-imported). The Ksv values for NBD-Su9- DHFR import intermediates were similar, despite the location of the NBD probe along the translocation pathway. These Ksv values were similar to those obtained for the fullyimported NBD-Su9-DHFR polypeptides (-MTX). The locations of the varying probe positions along the import pathway were addressed using chemical crosslinking of Su9- DHFR Cys mutants. The use of fluorescence spectroscopy, in association with chemical crosslinking, to analyze the mitochondrial protein import pathways will prove a useful tool to probe the environment of the nascent chain as it is crossing the import pathway (the TOM, TIM23 complexes).
Cargill, Holly Beth
Fluorescence emission induced by extensive air showers in dependence on atmospheric conditions
Charged particles of extensive air showers (EAS), mainly electrons and positrons, initiate the emission of fluorescence light in the Earth's atmosphere. This light provides a calorimetric measurement of the energy of cosmic rays. For reconstructing the primary energy from an observed light track of an EAS, the fluorescence yield in air has to be known in dependence on atmospheric conditions, like air temperature, pressure, and humidity. Several experiments on fluorescence emission have published various sets of data covering different parts of the dependence of the fluorescence yield on atmospheric conditions. Using a compilation of published measurements, a calculation of the fluorescence yield in dependence on altitude is presented. The fluorescence calculation is applied to simulated air showers and different atmospheric profiles to estimate the influence of the atmospheric conditions on the reconstructed shower parameters.
Keilhauer, Bianca
The Energy Efficiency of the U.S Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Industry
The Energy Efficiency of the U.S Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Industry The Energy Efficiency of the U.S Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Industry Speaker(s): Francis Rubinstein Date: February 14, 2008 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Fluorescent lamp ballasts are subject to DOE appliance standards and rulemaking. But currently, only ballasts for older fluorescent lamp types, such as T-12 lamps are subject to minimum efficacy limits. The majority of fluorescent lamps now being shipped (T-8 and T-5 types) type are operated by ballasts that will not be subject to DOE rule until 2011. The metric used by DOE for characterizing the electrical efficiency of the fluorescent lamp-ballast system is called Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF). Because BEF is not normalized, it is of limited utility for rulemaking and is useless for procurement. But by normalizing BEF to the total lamp power, I have
Hypothesis Test: Comparing Two Groups
1 Hypothesis Test: Comparing Two Groups Hypothesis Test: Two-sample Elements of two-sample test of two paired groups Comparing proportions of two groups Hypothesis test errors GOG 502/PLN 504 Youqin Huang 42 Two-sample Test Hypothesis tests on the difference between two different groups Examples
Huang, Youqin
Optical Imaging of Bacterial Infection in Living Mice Using a Fluorescent Near-Infrared Molecular Probe
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, NIST Center for Theoretical and Computational Nanosciences substrates,9 and antibiotic drugs.10 Recently, we discovered that fluorescent molecular probes containing syn
Smith, Bradley D.
S.D. Ambers, �Assesment of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescencefor Spent Nuclear Fuel Assay,� Inst. of Nucl. Mat. Man. ,clandestine material with nuclear resonance fluorescence,�
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence to Measure Plutonium Mass in Spent Nuclear Fuel
and Nuclear Recoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Quantitative Measurements using NRF 2.1 Nuclear ResonanceFuture Work A Transmission Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
Ludewigt, Bernhard A
High power light emitting diode based setup for photobleaching fluorescent impurities
High power light emitting diode based setup for photobleaching fluorescent impurities Tobias K be photobleached before final sample preparation. The instrument consists of high power light emitting diodes
Kaufman, Laura
Power control architectures for cold cathode fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode based light sources.
?? In this dissertation, two different energy efficient power supply topologies are introduced for controlling cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) and high-brightness light emitting diode� (more)
Doshi, Montu V.
Shelf life of five meat products displayed under light emitting diode or fluorescent lighting.
??Light emitting diode (LED) and fluorescent (FLS) lighting effects on enhanced pork loin chops, beef longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus steaks, ground beef, and ground turkey� (more)
Steele, Kyle Stover
Dimming of Compact Fluorescent Lamps Caused By Cold-Air Drafts
This Case Study documents the investigation performed by the New York Port Authority (PA) of the dimming of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in the World Trade Center.
Anatomy-Based Algorithms for Detecting Oral Cancer Using Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
OBJECTIVES: We used reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy to noninvasively and quantitatively distinguish benign from dysplastic/malignant oral lesions. We designed diagnostic algorithms to account for differences in ...
McGee, Sasha
Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for fresh and aged biogenic secondary organic aerosols
Certain biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) become absorbent and fluorescent when exposed to reduced nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, amines and their salts. Fluorescent SOA may potentially be mistaken for biological particles by detection methods relying on fluorescence. This work quantifies the spectral distribution and effective quantum yields of fluorescence of SOA generated from two monoterpenes, limonene and a-pinene, and two different oxidants, ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (OH). The SOA was generated in a smog chamber, collected on substrates, and aged by exposure to ~100 ppb ammonia vapor in air saturated with water vapor. Absorption and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra of aqueous extracts of aged and control SOA samples were measured, and the effective absorption coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields (~0.005 for 349 nm excitation) were determined from the data. The strongest fluorescence for the limonene-derived SOA was observed for excitation = 420+- 50 nm and emission = 475 +- 38 nm. The window of the strongest fluorescence shifted to excitation = 320 +- 25 nm and emission = 425 +- 38 nm for the a-pinene-derived SOA. Both regions overlap with the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra of some of the fluorophores found in primary biological aerosols. Our study suggests that, despite the low quantum yield, the aged SOA particles should have sufficient fluorescence intensities to interfere with the fluorescence detection of common bioaerosols.
Lee, Hyun Ji; Laskin, Alexander; Laskin, Julia; Nizkorodov, Sergey A.
Diagnosing breast cancer using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy
Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, we have developed an algorithm that successfully classifies normal breast tissue, fibrocystic change, fibroadenoma, and infiltrating ductal ...
Fitzmaurice, Maryann
Free Volume Related Fluorescence Properties of Electron Irradiated Chalcone Doped PMMA Films
Effect of electron irradiation on free volume related fluorescence properties of chalcone doped Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) composite films have been studied using Positron Annihilation and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. In this polymer composite, enhancement of fluorescence at lower doses and reduction at higher doses has been observed under electron irradiation. From Positron annihilation studies suggests that at lower doses of irradiation induced crosslinking which affect the free volume properties and inturn hinders the chalcone molecular rotation. At higher doses chain scission process affect matrix relaxation. Under the restricted condition the chromophore molecules likely to emit enhanced fluorescence and its mobility is directly related to the free volume around it.
Ravindrachary, Ismayil V.; Bhajantri, R. F.; Harisha, A. [Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199 (India); Praveena, S. D. [Department of Physics, K.V.G College of Engineering, Kurunjibhag, Sullia, Karnataka - 574 327 (India)
G. Rusev, and A.P. Tonchev, Transmission-based detection ofas it traverses the transmission detection sheet. The secondTransmission Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Measurements of
Quiter, Brian J.
Fluorescence-based detection methodologies for nitric oxide using transition metal scaffolds
Chapter 1. Fluorescence-Based Detection Methodologies for Nitric Oxide: A Review. Chapter 2. Cobalt Chemistry with Mixed Aminotroponimine Salicylaldimine Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Nitric Oxide Reactivity. ...
Hilderbrand, Scott A. (Scott Alan), 1976-
Section 5.4.1 Linear Fluorescent Lighting: Greening Federal Facilities...
and color temperature. When specifying a lighting sys- tem, be sure that the lamp and ballast are electrically matched and the lamp and fixture optically matched. Fluorescent lamp...
Capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence line narrowing system (CE-FLNS) for on-line structural characterization
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is interfaced with low temperature fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy for on-line structural characterization of separated molecular analytes.
Jankowiak, Ryszard J. (Ames, IA); Small, Gerald J. (Ames, IA); Shields, Peter A. (Reading, MA)
Electrokinetic Delivery of Single Fluorescent Biomolecules in Fluidic Nanochannels
We describe the fabrication of sub-100-nanometer-sized channels in a fused silica lab-on-a-chip device and experiments that demonstrate detection of single fluorescently labeled proteins in buffer solution within the device with high signal and low background. The fluorescent biomolecules are transported along the length of the nanochannels by electrophoresis and/or electro-osmosis until they pass into a two-focus laser irradiation zone. Pulse-interleaved excitation and time-resolved single-photon detection with maximum-likelihood analysis enables the location of the biomolecule to be determined. Diffusional transport of the molecules is found to be slowed within the nanochannel, and this facilitates fluidic trapping and/or prolonged measurements on individual biomolecules. Our goal is to actively control the fluidic transport to achieve rapid delivery of each new biomolecule to the sensing zone, following the completion of measurements, or the photobleaching of the prior molecule. We have used computer simulations that include photophysical effects such as triplet crossing and photobleaching of the labels to design control algorithms, which are being implemented in a custom field-programmable-gate-array circuit for the active fluidic control.
Davis, Lloyd M [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Canfield, Brian K [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Li, Xiaoxuan [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Hofmeister, William [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Shen, Guoqing [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Lescano, Isaac [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Bomar, Bruce W [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Wikswo, John P [Vanderbilt University; Markov, Dmitry P [Vanderbilt University; Samson, Philip C [Vanderbilt University; Daniel, Claus [ORNL; Sikorski, Zbigniew [University of Tennessee Space Institute; Robinson, William N [University of Tennessee Space Institute
DNA fragment sizing and sorting by laser-induced fluorescence
A method is provided for obtaining DNA fingerprints using high speed detection systems, such as flow cytometry to determine unique characteristics of DNA pieces from a selected sample. In one characterization the DNA piece is fragmented at preselected sites to produce a plurality of DNA fragments. The DNA piece or the resulting DNA fragments are treated with a dye effective to stain stoichiometrically the DNA fragments. The fluorescence from the dye in the stained fragments is then examined to generate an output functionally related to the number of nucleotides in each one of the DNA fragments. In one embodiment, the intensity of the fluorescence emissions from each fragment is directly proportional to the fragment length. Additional dyes can be bound to the DNA piece and DNA fragments to provide information additional to length information. Oligonucleotide specific dyes and/or hybridization probes can be bound to the DNA fragments to provide information on oligonucleotide distribution or probe hybridization to DNA fragments of different sizes.
Jett, J.H.; Hammond, M.L.; Keller, R.A.; Marrone, B.L.; Martin, J.C.
Cerenkov emission induced by external beam radiation stimulates molecular fluorescence
Purpose: Cerenkov emission is induced when a charged particle moves faster than the speed of light in a given medium. Both x-ray photons and electrons produce optical Cerenkov photons in everyday radiation therapy of tissue; yet, this phenomenon has never been fully documented. This study quantifies the emissions and also demonstrates that the Cerenkov emission can excite a fluorophore, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), embedded in biological phantoms. Methods: In this study, Cerenkov emission induced by radiation from a clinical linear accelerator is investigated. Biological mimicking phantoms were irradiated with x-ray photons, with energies of 6 or 18 MV, or electrons at energies 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 MeV. The Cerenkov emission and the induced molecular fluorescence were detected by a camera or a spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic cable. Results: It is shown that both x-ray photons and electrons, at MeV energies, produce optical Cerenkov photons in tissue mimicking media. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Cerenkov emission can excite a fluorophore, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), embedded in biological phantoms. Conclusions: The results here indicate that molecular fluorescence monitoring during external beam radiotherapy is possible.
Axelsson, Johan; Davis, Scott C.; Gladstone, David J.; Pogue, Brian W. [Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States); Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 (United States); Thayer School of Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States)
Energy efficient fluorescent ballasts. Phase I, final report
The development of a high-frequency electronic (Stevens) ballast for fluorescent lamps is described. It is claimed that use of this ballast could reduce use energy consumption by 1.2 to 2.5 percent. The Stevens ballast has a basic efficiency of 29 percent when used with conventional lamps. With the more efficient lamps, the efficiency increases drastically. The conventional ballast and lamp has an efficiacy of approximately 60 to 63 lumens per watt (LPW). With the Stevens ballast the efficiacy raises to between 75 and 80 lumens per watt. When the Stevens ballast is utilized with the newer high efficiency lamps the efficiacy increases to 90 to 95 lumens per watt or a full 51 percent improvement over conventional coil and core ballasts and 25 percent over the best high efficiency premium coil and core ballasts. In addition to its energy savings capabilities, this high frequency fluorescent lamp ballast has the advantages that it is a true retrofit device that is directly interchangeable with the conventional coil core ballast, and it is dimmable over a wide and continuous range. (LCLC)
Stevens Luminoptics Corporation
Enhancer Identification through Comparative Genomics
through Comparative Genomics Axel Visel, James Bristow andWalnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Genomics Division, MS 84-171,Len A. Pennacchio, Genomics Division, One Cyclotron Road, MS
Visel, Axel; Bristow, James; Pennacchio, Len A.
Directed evolution methods for improving polypeptide folding and solubility and superfolder fluorescent proteins generated thereby
The current invention provides methods of improving folding of polypeptides using a poorly folding domain as a component of a fusion protein comprising the poorly folding domain and a polypeptide of interest to be improved. The invention also provides novel green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and red fluorescent proteins that have enhanced folding properties.
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM)
Nucleic acid encoding a self-assembling split-fluorescent protein system
The invention provides a protein labeling and detection system based on self-complementing fragments of fluorescent and chromophoric proteins. The system of the invention is exemplified with various combinations of self-complementing fragments derived from Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), which are used to detect and quantify protein solubility in multiple assay formats, both in vitro and in vivo.
Waldo, Geoffrey S. (Santa Fe, NM); Cabantous, Stephanie (Los Alamos, NM)
Studies of the laser-induced fluorescence of explosives and explosive compositions.
Continuing use of explosives by terrorists throughout the world has led to great interest in explosives detection technology, especially in technologies that have potential for standoff detection. This LDRD was undertaken in order to investigate the possible detection of explosive particulates at safe standoff distances in an attempt to identify vehicles that might contain large vehicle bombs (LVBs). The explosives investigated have included the common homogeneous or molecular explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclonite or hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), and the heterogeneous explosive, ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO), and its components. We have investigated standard excited/dispersed fluorescence, laser-excited prompt and delayed dispersed fluorescence using excitation wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, the effects of polarization of the laser excitation light, and fluorescence imaging microscopy using 365- and 470-nm excitation. The four nitro-based, homogeneous explosives (TNT, PETN, RDX, and HMX) exhibit virtually no native fluorescence, but do exhibit quenching effects of varying magnitude when adsorbed on fluorescing surfaces. Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixtures fluoresce primarily due to the fuel oil, and, in some cases, due to the presence of hydrophobic coatings on ammonium nitrate prill or impurities in the ammonium nitrate itself. Pure ammonium nitrate shows no detectable fluorescence. These results are of scientific interest, but they provide little hope for the use of UV-excited fluorescence as a technique to perform safe standoff detection of adsorbed explosive particulates under real-world conditions with a useful degree of reliability.
Hargis, Philip Joseph, Jr. (,; .); Thorne, Lawrence R.; Phifer, Carol Celeste; Parmeter, John Ethan; Schmitt, Randal L.
Comparison of the rate constants for energy transfer in the light-harvesting protein, C-phycocyanin, calculated from Foerster`s theory and experimentally measured by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
We have measured and assigned rate constants for energy transfer between chromophores in the light-harvesting protein C-phycocyanin (PC), in the monomeric and trimeric aggregation states, isolated from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. In order to compare the measured rate constants with those predicted by Fdrster`s theory of inductive resonance in the weak coupling limit, we have experimentally resolved several properties of the three chromophore types ({beta}{sub 155} {alpha}{sub 84}, {beta}{sub 84}) found in PC monomers, including absorption and fluorescence spectra, extinction coefficients, fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes. The cpcB/C155S mutant, whose PC is missing the {beta}{sub 155} chromophore, was, useful in effecting the resolution of the chromophore properties and in assigning the experimentally observed rate constants for energy transfer to specific pathways.
Debreczeny, M.P.
Counting constituents in molecular complexes by fluorescence photon antibunching
Modern single molecule fluorescence microscopy offers new, highly quantitative ways of studying the systems biology of cells while keeping the cells healthy and alive in their natural environment. In this context, a quantum optical technique, photon antibunching, has found a small niche in the continuously growing applications of single molecule techniques to small molecular complexes. Here, we review some of the most recent applications of photon antibunching in biophotonics, and we provide a guide for how to conduct photon antibunching experiments at the single molecule level by applying techniques borrowed from time-correlated single photon counting. We provide a number of new examples for applications of photon antibunching to the study of multichromophoric molecules and small molecular complexes.
Fore, S; Laurence, T; Hollars, C; Huser, T
Fluorescence and Hybrid Detection Aperture of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The aperture of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is evaluated from simulated events using different detector configurations: mono, stereo, 3-FD and 4-FD. The trigger efficiency has been modeled using shower profiles with ground impacts in the field of view of a single telescope and studying the trigger response (at the different levels) by that telescope and by its neighbours. In addition, analysis cuts imposed by event reconstruction have been applied. The hybrid aperture is then derived for the Auger final extension. Taking into account the actual Surface Detector (SD) array configuration and its trigger response, the aperture is also calculated for a typical configuration of the present phase.
J. A. Bellido; D. D'Urso; H. Geenen; F. Guarino; L. Perrone; S. Petrera; L. Prado Jr.; F. Salamida
Fluorescent Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Radioactive Material Extraction
Mesoporous silica with covalently bound salicylic acid molecules incorporated in the structure was synthesized with a one-pot, co-condensation reaction at room temperature. The as-synthesized material has a large surface area, uniform particle size, and an ordered pore structure as determined by characterization with transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and infrared spectra, etc. Using the strong fluorescence and metal coordination capability of salicylic acid, functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) was developed to track and extract radionuclide contaminants, such as uranyl [U(VI)] ions encountered in subsurface environments. Adsorption measurements showed a strong affinity of the FMS toward U(VI) with a Kd value of 105 mL/g, which is four orders of magnitude higher than the adsorption of U(VI) onto most of the sediments in natural environments. The new materials have a potential for synergistic environmental monitoring and remediation of the radionuclide U(VI) from contaminated subsurface environments.
Li, Juan; Zhu, Kake; Shang, Jianying; Wang, Donghai; Nie, Zimin; Guo, Ruisong; Liu, Chongxuan; Wang, Zheming; Li, Xiaolin; Liu, Jun
Effect of filament power removal on a fluorescent lamp system
Two techniques are used to measure the effects of removing the filament power from a two-lamp, F-40, rapid-start fluorescent lamp system. The changes are measured for a standard CBM core-coil ballast and for a solid-state ballast operating the lamp at high frequency. There is a 4 tp 6% increase in system efficacy when the filament power is removed. Removal of filament power also decreases filament temperature from 1000/sup 0/C to below 700/sup 0/C in lamps operated at 60 Hz, and from above 600/sup 0/C to 300/sup 0/C in lamps operated at high frequency. The study shows that the arc current and anode fall also determine filament temperature.
Verderber, R.R.; Morse, O.; Rubinstein, F.M.
Selecting effective fluorescent lamp and ballast for retrofit in the continental United States. Final report
Electrical lighting is a major contributor to daytime peak energy demand, accounting for about 30 percent of total electricity consumption in most Army facilities. Some of this energy may be wasted because many existing lighting systems at Army Installations use outmoded technologies. While recent technology has improved the energy efficiency of all lighting systems, fluorescent lighting-the most widely used interior building lighting-has shown the greatest efficiency gains. Retrofits using high-efficiency fluorescent lamps and ballasts can yield significant operating cost savings. High-efficiency fluorescent lighting systems are widely available, but current information on their performance characteristics is highly technical and not easily accessible to Army facility managers considering retrofit options. This report provides a single, accessible source that summarizes fluorescent lamp and ballast performance characteristics and outlines selection procedures. Fluorescent lamp, Retrofit, Ballast, Lighting. Energy conservation.
Taylor, W.R.
Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) | Open Energy Information
Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Field Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Data Collection and Mapping Parent Exploration Technique: Data Collection and Mapping Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Bulk and trace element analysis of rocks, minerals, and sediments. Stratigraphic/Structural: Hydrological: Thermal: Dictionary.png Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): Hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence is a portable analytical technique derived from the instrumentation used in traditional lab-based XRF analysis. The technique is used for bulk chemical analysis of rock, mineral, and sediment
In Situ Measurement of Tropospheric OH Radicals by Laser-Induced Fluorescence�A Description of the KFA Instrument
An instrument for the measurement of tropospheric OH radical concentrations by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed. Ambient air is expanded through a nozzle into a low-pressure fluorescence cell and is irradiated by a ...
F. Holland; M. Hessling; A. Hofzumahaus
Cyanine-based probe\\tag-peptide pair for fluorescence protein imaging and fluorescence protein imaging methods
Mayer-Cumblidge, M. Uljana (Richland, WA); Cao, Haishi (Richland, WA)
EEBLBP3 91- 93 F-2b Percent standard incandescent bulb STBLBP3 95- 97 F-2c Percent energy efficient fluorescent EEFLRP3 99- 101 F-2d Percent standard fluorescent light...
Type=G41 Approx. $9.37 LED Bulb 40 Lumen equivalent (Sylvania) Lowe's or Home Depot Approx. $22.00 each spectrum with different light sources; compact fluorescent, LED, incandescent. 5. Discuss light bulb. Observe difference of color spectrum with different light sources; compact fluorescent, LED, incandescent
Issues, Models and Solutions for Triac Modulated Phase Dimming of LED Lamps
/a 30 lumens 0.1 Incandescent Bulb 15 W 225 lumens 15 Fluorescent Tube Lamp 10 W 500 lumens 50 White LED bulbs, and fluorescent lights, produce light that is radiated in all directions, LEDs produce a focused especially on the potential of white LED lights, which are an important and newly emerging lighting
Lehman, Brad
On-site demonstration procedure for solid-state fluorescent ballast
The report was presented to plant engineers and managers who were involved in an on-site demonstration of EETech solid-state ballasts for two 40-watt T12 fluorescent lamps. The report includes a brief review of the operating principles of solid-state fluorescent ballasts and the status of development achieved during the LBL program. The remainder of the test describes the techniques of managing and instrumenting a test area for assessing the performance of solid-state fluorescent ballasts at an occupied site.
Verderber, R.; Morse, O.
Scanning Lidar Based Atmospheric Monitoring for Fluorescent Detectors of Cosmic Showers
Measurements of the cosmic-ray air-shower fluorescence at extreme energies require precise knowledge of atmospheric conditions. The absolute calibration of the cosmic-ray energy depends on the absorption of fluorescence light between its origin and point of its detection. To reconstruct basic atmospheric parameters we review a novel analysis method based on two- and multi-angle measurements performed by the scanning backscatter lidar system. Applied inversion methods, optical depth, absorption and backscatter coefficient, as well as other parameters that enter the lidar equation are discussed in connection to the attenuation of the light traveling from shower to fluorescence detector.
A. Filipcic; M. Horvat; D. Veberic; D. Zavrtanik; M. Zavrtanik
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Material Verification in Dismantlement
Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a well-established physical process that provides an isotope-specific signature that can be exploited for isotopic detection and characterization of samples. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been investigating possible applications of NRF for national security. Of the investigated applications, the verification of material in the dismantlement process is the most promising. Through a combination of benchmarking measurements and radiation transport modeling, we have shown that NRF techniques with existing bremsstrahlung photon sources and a modest detection system can be used to detect highly enriched uranium in the quantities and time limits relevant to the dismantlement process. Issues such as orientation, placement and material geometry do not significantly impact the sensitivity of the technique. We have also investigated how shielding of the uranium would be observed through non-NRF processes to enable the accurate assay of the material. This paper will discuss our findings on how NRF and photon-interrogation techniques may be applied to the material verification in the dismantlement process.
Warren, Glen A.; Detwiler, Rebecca S.
Diagnostic Implications of the Reactivity of Fluorescence Tracers
Measurements of fuel concentration distributions with planar laser induced fluorescence of tracer molecules that are added to a base fuel are commonly used in combustion research and development. It usually is assumed that the tracer concentration follows the parent fuel concentration if physical properties such as those determining evaporation are matched. As an example to address this general issue a computational study of combustion of biacetyl/iso-octane mixtures was performed to investigate how well the concentration of biacetyl represents the concentration of iso-octane. For premixed mixture conditions with flame propagation the spatial concentration profiles of the two species in the flame front are separated by 110 {micro}m at 1 bar and by 11 {micro}m at 10 bar. For practical applications this spatial separation is insignificantly small. However, for conditions that mimic ignition and combustion in diesel and HCCI-like operation the differences in tracer and fuel concentration can be significant, exceeding hundreds of percent. At low initial temperature biacetyl was found to be more stable whereas at higher temperature (>1000K) iso-octane is more stable. Similar findings were obtained for a multi-component fuel comprised of iso-octane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. It may be assumed that similar differences can exist for other tracer/fuel combinations. Caution has therefore to be applied when interpreting PLIF measurements in homogeneous reaction conditions such as in HCCI engine studies.
Sick, V; Westbrook, C
Magnetic fluorescent ballasts: Market data, market imperfections, and policy success
Many economists have strongly questioned engineering-economic studies aimed at demonstrating anomalously slow diffusion of energy-efficient technology and the benefits of regulations to promote such technology. One argument against such studies is that standard techniques of engineering-economics are either inappropriate for or are routinely misapplied in assessing the performance of the market for energy efficiency. This paper presents engineering-economic evidence on the diffusion of energy efficiency improvements that takes account of such critiques. The authors examine the engineering and economic characteristics of standard and energy-efficient magnetic ballasts for fluorescent lighting. Efficient magnetic ballasts represented an excellent investment for 99% of the commercial building floor stock, and a moderately good investment for 0.7% of the commercial floor stock. Still, these ballasts were only being adopted in the 1980s at a rate commensurate with the enactment of appliance efficiency standards in various states. In this case, there is solid empirical evidence for skepticism about the effectiveness of the market mechanism in promoting cost-effective energy efficiency improvements as well as evidence of the benefits of regulation to counteract this shortcoming.
Koomey, J.G.; Sanstad, A.H.; Shown, L.J.
Inhibitory study of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 using a fluorescent approach
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) play important roles in both normal physiology and human diseases. Deregulation of PRMT activity has been linked to several pathological states such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Herein, we report our work of designing and using new fluorescent reporters to perform single-step analysis of substrate binding and methylation by PRMT1. Both fluorescence intensity and anisotropy of the two reporters, R4-FL and H4-FL, were shown to effectively manifest enzyme-substrate interactions, highlighting their application in investigating PRMT inhibitors. In particular, the methylation process of R4-FL can be directly studied using fluorescence intensity readout. By combining the fluorescent measurement with radioactive analysis, we determined that AMI-1 inhibits PRMT1 activity through the mechanism of blocking peptide substrate binding.
Feng You; Xie Nan; Wu Jiang; Yang Chao [Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302 (United States); Zheng, Yujun George [Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302 (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
High-throughput screening assay of hepatitis C virus helicase inhibitors using fluorescence-quenching phenomenon
We have developed a novel high-throughput screening assay of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) helicase inhibitors using the fluorescence-quenching phenomenon via photoinduced electron transfer between fluorescent dyes and guanine bases. We prepared double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a 5'-fluorescent-dye (BODIPY FL)-labeled strand hybridized with a complementary strand, the 3'-end of which has guanine bases. When dsDNA is unwound by helicase, the dye emits fluorescence owing to its release from the guanine bases. Our results demonstrate that this assay is suitable for quantitative assay of HCV NS3 helicase activity and useful for high-throughput screening for inhibitors. Furthermore, we applied this assay to the screening for NS3 helicase inhibitors from cell extracts of microorganisms, and found several cell extracts containing potential inhibitors.
Tani, Hidenori [Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 (Japan); Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 (Japan); Akimitsu, Nobuyoshi [Radioisotope Center, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 (Japan); Fujita, Osamu; Matsuda, Yasuyoshi [Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 (Japan); Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 (Japan); Miyata, Ryo [Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 (Japan); Tsuneda, Satoshi [Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 (Japan); Igarashi, Masayuki [Microbial Chemistry Research Center, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 (Japan); Sekiguchi, Yuji [Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 (Japan); Noda, Naohiro [Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 (Japan); Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 (Japan)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mechanism of the efficient quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in human gamma crystallin
Quenching of the fluorescence of buried tryptophans (Trps) is an important reporter of protein conformation. Human [gamma]D-crystallin (H[gamma]D-Crys) and human [gamma]S-crystallin (H[gamma]S-Crys) are both very stable ...
Chen, Jiejin, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Time resolved fluorescence of CdSe nanocrystals using single molecule spectroscopy
A wide variety of spectroscopic studies of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) are presented in this thesis, all studying some aspect of the temporal evolution of NC fluorescence tinder different conditions. In particular the methods ...
Fisher, Brent R
Non-invasive detection of oral cancer using reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy
In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectra were collected from patients with oral lesions, as well as healthy volunteers, in order to evaluate the potential of spectroscopy to serve as a non-invasive tool for the detection ...
McGee, Sasha Alanda
LED-Induced Fluorescence System for Tea Classification and Quality Assessment
A fluorescence system is developed by using several light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths as excitation light sources. The fluorescence detection head consists of multi LED light sources and a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection, where the LEDs and the corresponding filters can be easily chosen to get appropriate excitation wavelengths for different applications. By analyzing fluorescence spectra with the principal component analysis method, the system is utilized in the classification of four types of green tea beverages and two types of black tea beverages. Qualities of the Xihu Longjing tea leaves of different grades, as well as the corresponding liquid tea samples, are studied to further investigate the ability and application of the system in the evaluation of classification/quality of tea and other foods.
Dong, Yongjiang; Mei, Liang; Feng, Chao; Yan, Chunsheng; He, Sailing
Fluorescence for Spent Nuclear Fuel Assay,� Inst. of Nucl.239 Pu content in spent nuclear fuel [4, 5]. Development ofin the context of spent nuclear fuel, summarizes the results
Turn-on fluorescent probes for detecting nitric oxide in biology
Chapter 1. Investigating the Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide and Other Reactive Nitrogen Species Using Fluorescent Probes: This chapter presents an overview of recent progress in the field of reactive nitrogen species ...
McQuade, Lindsey Elizabeth, 1981-
Metal-based turn-on fluorescent probes for nitric oxide sensing
Chapter 1. Metal-Based Turn-On Fluorescent Probes for Sensing Nitric Oxide. Nitric oxide, a reactive free radical, regulates a variety of biological processes. The absence of tools to detect NO directly, rapidly, specifically ...
Lim, Mi Hee
Antibody-Antigen assay design for combined optical tweezers and fluorescence
The recent development in combined optical trapping and fluorescence technology promises to enable unbindinig force studies of receptor-ligand interactions, whose specificity play a crucial role in the function of many ...
Ta, Jenny, 1982-
and S.J. Thompson,�Determining Plutonium in Spent Fuel withTobin, �Determination of Plutonium Content in Spent FuelFluorescence to Measure Plutonium Mass in Spent Nuclear Fuel
Computational image analysis of subcellular dynamics in time-lapse fluorescence microscopy
The use of image segmentation and motion tracking algorithms was adapted for analyzing time-lapse data of cells with fluorescently labeled protein. Performance metrics were devised and algorithm parameters were matched to ...
Huang, Austin V., 1980-
An improved understanding of fluorescent Zn(II) sensors and their uses in biological settings
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Fluorescent Zn(II) Sensors and Their Applications in Biological Systems This chapter opens with an overview of the numerous roles of zinc in biology, with an emphasis on labile Zn(II), that ...
Wong, Brian Alexander
Information on the Fate of Mercury From Fluorescent Lamps Disposed in Landfills
Mercury is contained in energy-efficient fluorescent, mercury-vapor, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium lamps. This report presents information on the potential for air and groundwater contamination when mercury lamps are disposed in municipal landfills.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence at MIT | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
Resonance Fluorescence at MIT Resonance Fluorescence at MIT Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Spinoff Applications Spinoff Archives SBIR/STTR Applications of Nuclear Science and Technology Funding Opportunities Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) News & Resources Contact Information Nuclear Physics U.S. Department of Energy SC-26/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3613 F: (301) 903-3833 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » Spinoff Archives Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence at MIT Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page Application/instrumentation: Material Identification and Object Imaging Using Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Developed at: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Comparative analysis of collaboration networks
In this paper we carry out a comparative analysis of the word network as the collaboration network based on the novel by M. Bulgakov 'Master and Margarita', the synonym network of the Russian language as well as the Russian movie actor network. We have constructed one-mode projections of these networks, defined degree distributions for them and have calculated main characteristics. In the paper a generation algorithm of collaboration networks has been offered which allows one to generate networks statistically equivalent to the studied ones. It lets us reveal a structural correlation between word network, synonym network and movie actor network. We show that the degree distributions of all analyzable networks are described by the distribution of q-type.
Progulova, Tatiana; Gadjiev, Bahruz [International University for Nature, Society and Man, 19 Universitetskaya Street, Dubna, 141980 (Russian Federation)
Comparative Calculations of Solubility Equilibria
The uncertainties in calculated solubilities in the Na-F-PO{sub 4}-HPO{sub 4}-OH system. at 25 C for NaOH concentrations up to 5 mol/kg were assessed. These uncertainties were based on an evaluation of the range of values for the Gibbs energies of the solids. Comparative calculations using the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP) and SOLGASMIX indicated that the variation in activity coefficients with NaOH concentration is much greater in the ESP code than in SOLGASMIX. This resulted in ESP calculating a higher solubility in water and a lower solubility in NaOH concentrations above 1 mol/kg: There was a marked discrepancy in the solubilities of the pure components sodium fluoride and trisodium phosphate predicted by ESP and SOLGASMIX. In addition, different solubilities for these components were obtained using different options in ESP. Because of these observations, a Best Practices Guide for ESP will be assembled.
Beahm, E.C.
Compare Activities by Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Compare Activities by ... Energy Conservation Inpatient health care buildings had the highest incidence of conservation features among all building types. For almost all building types, at least half of the buildings reported having a regularly scheduled maintenance program for the heating and/or cooling equipment. Reference: Definitions of Conservation Features Number of Buildings With Conservation Features by Building Type Number of Buildings (thousand) All Buildings Variable Air-Volume System Economizer Cycle HVAC Maintenance Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) Specular Reflector Electronic Ballasts All Buildings 4,657 550 567 2,786 460 843 2,167 Principal Building Activity Education 327 53 76 262 112 75 208 Food Sales 174
Compare All CBECS Activities: Size
By Building Size By Building Size Compare Activities by ... Building Size Total Floorspace by Building Type There was approximately 67.3 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. in 1999. Because there are many of them, office buildings comprised the largest amount of commercial floorspace. Figure showing total floorspace by building type. If you need assistance viewing this page, please call 202-586-8800. Square Feet per Building by Building Type Inpatient health buildings were by far the largest building type, on average, while food service and food sales buildings were the smallest. Figure showing square feet per building by building type. If you need assistance viewing this page, please call 202-586-8800. Establishments per Building by Building Type
Compare Activities by Building Age
Activities by Building Age Activities by Building Age Compare Activities by ... Building Age Median Age of Building by Building Type Vacant buildings, retail stores (other than malls), and religious worship buildings tended to be the oldest buildings. Food sales buildings (which were predominantly convenience stores) and outpatient health care buildings were mainly newer buildings. Figure showing median age of building by building type. If you need assistance viewing this page, please call 202-586-8800. Specific questions may be directed to: Joelle Michaels email@example.com CBECS Manager Release date: July 24, 2002 Page last modified: May 4, 2009 2:52 PM http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/archive/cbecs/pba99/compareage.html If you are having any technical problems with this site, please contact the EIA
Flow method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence
Method and apparatus for screening chemicals using micro x-ray fluorescence. A method for screening a mixture of potential pharmaceutical chemicals for binding to at least one target binder involves flow separating a solution of chemicals and target binders into separated components, exposing them to an x-ray excitation beam, detecting x-ray fluorescence signals from the components, and determining from the signals whether or not a binding event between a chemical and target binder has occurred.
Warner, Benjamin P. (Los Alamos, NM); Havrilla, George J. (Los Alamos, NM); Miller, Thomasin C. (Bartlesville, OK); Lewis, Cris (Los Alamos, NM); Mahan, Cynthia A. (Los Alamos, NM); Wells, Cyndi A. (Los Alamos, NM)
On-line measurement of lignin in wood pulp by color shift of fluorescence
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method. 6 figs.
Jeffers, L.A.; Malito, M.L.
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method.
Jeffers, Larry A. (Washington Township, Stark County, OH); Malito, Michael L. (Liberty Township, Trumbull County, OH)
Quenching-independent measurement of species concentrations in flames by laser-induced fluorescence
This report describes work accomplished in the last two years on measurement of species concentrations in flames via laser-induced fluorescence. During this period, we have published absolute number densities of atomic hydrogen in subatmospheric, premixed C{sub 2}H{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/Ar flames at equivalence ratios of 1.0 and 1.7 via two-photon excited fluorescence. This work has led to the development of a new single-laser, two-step fluorescence method for the detection of atomic hydrogen in flames. Using photoionization controlled-loss spectroscopy (PICLS), we have verified the T{sup {minus}1/2} dependence of quenching on temperature for atomic hydrogen, in agreement with kinetic theory. Previous work on pyrometry using laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) and the anomalous fluorescence from pyrene has evolved into publication of a major review paper on temperature measurements by light-scattering methods. Finally, we have demonstrated the feasibility of quantitative LSF measurements of NO concentration by obtaining relative saturation curves and NO fluorescence profiles. 25 refs.
Salmon, J.T.; Carter, C.D.; Laurendeau, N.M.
Spectroscopic investigation of fluorescence quenching agents. Part IV: Selectivity of nitromethane for discriminating between alternant versus nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solvents of differing polarities
To further assess the applicability of nitromethane as a selective quenching agent for alternant vs. nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC analysis, the authors measured the effect that it has non the fluorescence emission behavior of 96 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in a binary ethyl acetate/acetonitrile solvent mixture. Nitromethane quenching results are compared with previously reported acetonitrile, aqueous/acetonitrile, and toluene/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. Results of these measurements revealed that the {open_quotes}selective quenching{close_quotes} rule is obeyed for the vast majority of PAHs in all solvents considered thus far, with the coronene derivatives being the only major exceptions. 31 refs., 1 tab.
Tucker, S.A.; Bates, H.C.; Acree, W.E. Jr. [Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States); Fetzer, J.C. [Chevron Research and Technology Center, Richmond, CA (United States)
In nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements, resonances are excited by an external photon beam leading to the emission of gamma rays with specific energies that are characteristic of the emitting isotope. NRF promises the unique capability of directly quantifying a specific isotope without the need for unfolding the combined responses of several fissile isotopes as is required in other measurement techniques. We have analyzed the potential of NRF as a non-destructive analysis technique for quantitative measurements of Pu isotopes in spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Given the low concentrations of 239Pu in SNF and its small integrated NRF cross sections, the main challenge in achieving precise and accurate measurements lies in accruing sufficient counting statistics in a reasonable measurement time. Using analytical modeling, and simulations with the radiation transport code MCNPX that has been experimentally tested recently, the backscatter and transmission methods were quantitatively studied for differing photon sources and radiation detector types. Resonant photon count rates and measurement times were estimated for a range of photon source and detection parameters, which were used to determine photon source and gamma-ray detector requirements. The results indicate that systems based on a bremsstrahlung source and present detector technology are not practical for high-precision measurements of 239Pu in SNF. Measurements that achieve the desired uncertainties within hour-long measurements will either require stronger resonances, which may be expressed by other Pu isotopes, or require quasi-monoenergetic photon sources with intensities that are approximately two orders of magnitude higher than those currently being designed or proposed.This work is part of a larger effort sponsored by the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative to develop an integrated instrument, comprised of individual NDA techniques with complementary features, that is fully capable of determining Pu mass in spent fuel assemblies.
Quiter, Brian; Ludewigt, Bernhard; Ambers, Scott
Conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps in India and Brazil
We evaluate the conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for managing the rapidly increasing electrical energy and peak demand in India and Brazil. Using very conservative assumptions, we find that the cost of conserved energy using 16 W CFLs is 4 and 6 times less than the long range marginal cost of electricity for the two countries. The cost of avoided peak installed capacity is 6 and 9.5 times less than the cost of new installed capacity for India and Brazil. The analysis is undertaken from the three separate perspectives of the national economies, the consumers, and the utilities. We find that because residential electricity is subsidized, the consumers have little or no incentive to purchase and install the CFLs, unless they too are subsidized. However, the benefits of CFL installation to the utility are so large that subsidizing them is a paying proposition for the utility are so large that subsidizing them is a paying proposition for the utility in almost all cases. As an illustration of a gradual introduction strategy for CFLs, we calculate a scenario where national savings of the order of US $1.2 million per day for India and US $2.5 million per day for Brazil are reached in 10 years by a small and gradual transfer of subsidy from residential electricity to CFLs. We then explore the barriers to immediate large scale introduction of these lamps in the two countries. Specific technical and marketing problems are identified and discussed, which would require solution before such an introduction can be attempted. Lastly, we discuss the range of policy instruments, in addition to a subsidy scheme, that can be used for promoting the diffusion of these lamps in the domestic and commercial sector. 47 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
Gadgil, A.; Martino Jannuzzi, G. de (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (USA); Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia)
Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials
Commonly, SOFCs are operated at high temperatures (above 800�C). At these temperatures expensive housing is needed to contain an operating stack as well as coatings to contain the oxidation of the metallic interconnects. Lowering the temperature of an operating device would allow for more conventional materials to be used, thus lowering overall cost. Understanding the surface chemical states of cations in the surface of the SOFC cathode is vital to designing a system that will perform well at lower temperatures. The samples studied were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). 20% strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM-20) was grown on YSZ and NGO (neodymium gallate). The films on YSZ have a fiber texture. LSM-20 on NGO is heteroepitaxial. Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF-6428) films were grown on LAO and YSZ with a GDC barrier layer. Total X-ray Reflection Fluorescence (TXRF) was used to depth profile the samples. In a typical experiment, the angle of the incident beam is varied though the critical angle. Below the critical angle, the x-ray decays as an evanescent wave and will only penetrate the top few nanometers. TXRF experiments done on LSM films have suggested strontium segregates to the surface and form strontium enriched nanoparticles (1). It should be pointed out that past studies have focused on 30% strontium A-site doping, but this project uses 20% strontium doped lanthanum manganite. XANES and EXAFS data were taken as a function of incoming angle to probe composition as a function of depth. XANES spectra can be difficult to analyze fully. For other materials density functional theory calculations compared to near edge measurements have been a good way to understand the 3d valence electrons (2).
Davis, Jacob N.; Miara, Lincoln J.; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Kaspar, Tiffany C.; Gopalan, Srikanth; Pal, Uday B.; Woicik, Joseph C.; Basu, Soumendra N.; Ludwig, Karl F.
VISTA - computational tools for comparative genomics
tools for comparative genomics Kelly A. Frazer 1 , LiorBerkeley, CA, 94720 Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeleymultiple comparative genomics tools and provides users with
Frazer, Kelly A.; Pachter, Lior; Poliakov, Alexander; Rubin, Edward M.; Dubchak, Inna
The Benefits of Financial Statement Comparability
Investors, regulators, academics, and researchers all emphasize the importance of financial statement comparability. However, an empirical construct of comparability is typically not specified. In addition, little evidence ...
de Franco, Gus
A light diet for a giant appetite: An assessment of China's proposed fluorescent lamp standard
Lighting has been one of the fastest growing electric end-uses in China over the last twenty years, with an average annual growth rate of 14%. Fluorescent lighting provides a significant portion of China's lighting need. In 1998, China produced 680 million fluorescent lamps, of which 420 million were linear fluorescent lamps of various diameters (T8 to T12). There are substantial variations both in energy efficiency and lighting performance among locally produced fluorescent lamps. Such variations present a perfect opportunity for policy intervention through efficiency standards to promote the adoption of more efficient fluorescent lamps in China. This paper analyzes China's proposed minimum efficiency standard for fluorescent lamps and presents an assessment of its likely impacts on China's lighting energy consumption and GHG emissions.
Lin, Jiang
Comparing Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Street and Area Lighting to Traditional Lighting Technologies
In 2008, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Benton County Electric System partnered with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to launch an investigation into the use of LED technology for area lighting. The goal of the project�called the LED Street and Area Lighting Demonstration�was to discover a better light bulb, one that not only meets the outdoor lighting requirements of consumers, but also uses less electricity in doing so. This case study discusses the results of ...
Intense Internal and External Fluorescence as Solar Cells Approach the Shockley-Queisser Efficiency Limit
Absorbed sunlight in a solar cell produces electrons and holes. But, at the open circuit condition, the carriers have no place to go. They build up in density and, ideally, they emit external fluorescence that exactly balances the incoming sunlight. Any additional non-radiative recombination impairs the carrier density buildup, limiting the open-circuit voltage. At open-circuit, efficient external fluorescence is an indicator of low internal optical losses. Thus efficient external fluorescence is, counter-intuitively, a necessity for approaching the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. A great Solar Cell also needs to be a great Light Emitting Diode. Owing to the narrow escape cone for light, efficient external emission requires repeated attempts, and demands an internal luminescence efficiency >>90%.
Miller, Owen D; Kurtz, Sarah R
YAG:Dy and YAG:Tm Fluorescence Above 1400 C.
Fluorescence from three samples of YAG:Tm, and three samples of YAG:Dy, with different activator concentrations, was measured for a wide temperature range, extending from room temperature to about 1700 C. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured for emissions at 460 nm from the YAG:Tm and at 453, 480, and 575 nm from YAG:Dy. The measurement system is described, including techniques for accommodating the high background blackbody radiation encountered at these very high temperatures. Data compilations are shown, including the fluorescence lifetimes over the temperature range of the measurement. This study has extended the high-temperature range of phosphor thermometry by approximately 200 C and shown the feasibility of using phosphor materials for very high temperature noncontact thermometry, opening up further applications for engines, materials, high-temperature processing, and related areas.
Cates, M.R.
Subunits of highly Fluorescent Protein R-Phycoerythrin as Probes for Cell Imaging and Single-Molecule Detection
The purposes of our research were: (1) To characterize subunits of highly fluorescent protein R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) and check their suitability for single-molecule detection (SMD) and cell imaging, (2) To extend the use of R-PE subunits through design of similar proteins that will be used as probes for microscopy and spectral imaging in a single cell, and (3) To demonstrate a high-throughput spectral imaging method that will rival spectral flow cytometry in the analysis of individual cells. We first demonstrated that R-PE subunits have spectroscopic and structural characteristics that make them suitable for SMD. Subunits were isolated from R-PE by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected as single molecules by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). In addition, R-PE subunits and their enzymatic digests were characterized by several separation and detection methods including HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Favorable absorption and fluorescence of the R-PE subunits and digest peptides originate from phycoerythrobilin (PEB) and phycourobilin (PUB) chromophores that are covalently attached to cysteine residues. High absorption coefficients and strong fluorescence (even under denaturing conditions), broad excitation and emission fluorescence spectra in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum, and relatively low molecular weights make these molecules suitable for use as fluorescence labels of biomolecules and cells. We further designed fluorescent proteins both in vitro and in vivo (in Escherichia coli) based on the highly specific attachment of PEB chromophore to genetically expressed apo-subunits of R-PE. In one example, apo-alpha and apo-beta R-PE subunits were cloned from red algae Polisiphonia boldii (P. boldii), and expressed in E. coli. Although expressed apo-subunits formed inclusion bodies, fluorescent holo-subunits were formed after incubation of E. coli cells with PEB. Spectroscopic characterization of holo-subunits confirmed that the attachment of PEB chromophore to apo-subunits yielded holo-subunits containing both PEB and urobilin (UB). Fluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy showed polar location of holo-subunit inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. In another example, R-PE apo-subunits were genetically fused to cytoplasmic and periplasmic versions of E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP). Fluorescent proteins formed after attachment of PEB to MBP-subunit fusions in vitro and in vivo contained PEB as the sole chromophore, were soluble, and displayed high orange fluorescence. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fusions are located either throughout cells or at cell poles. In addition, cells containing fluorescent holo-subunits or MBP-subunit fusions were up to ten times brighter than control cells as measured by flow cytometry. Results show that the fluorescent proteins formed after non-enzymatic attachment of PEB to R-PE subunit fusions could be used as reporters of gene expression and protein localization in cells as well as fluorescence labels in flow cytometry. Finally, we demonstrated a high-throughput method able to record emission fluorescence spectra of individual cells containing fluorescent proteins. Upon excitation with a 488 mn argon-ion laser many bacterial cells were imaged by a 20X microscope objective while they moved through a capillary tube. Fluorescence was dispersed by a transmission diffraction grating, and an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera simultaneously recorded the zero and the first orders of the fluorescence from each cell. Single-cell fluorescence spectra were reconstructed from the distance between zero-order and first-order maxima as well as the length and the pixel intensity distribution of the first-order images. By using this approach, the emission spectrum of E. coli cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was reconstructed. Also, fluorescence spectra of E
Dragan Isailovic
,,,"Incandescent","Standard Fluorescent","Compact Fluorescent","High-Intensity Discharge","Halogen"
B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1999" B39. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1999" ,"Total Floorspace (million square feet)" ,"All Buildings","All Lit Buildings","Lighting Equipment (more than one may apply)" ,,,"Incandescent","Standard Fluorescent","Compact Fluorescent","High-Intensity Discharge","Halogen" "All Buildings ................",67338,64321,38156,60344,20666,19223,17926 "Building Floorspace" "(Square Feet)" "1,001 to 5,000 ...............",6774,5859,2946,5154,738,245,600 "5,001 to 10,000 ..............",8238,7464,4047,6722,1108,663,991 "10,001 to 25,000 .............",11153,10393,6055,9815,1759,1701,1996 "25,001 to 50,000 .............",9311,9053,5004,8344,2296,2224,1611
Lighting Choices to Save You Money | Department of Energy
ten times longer than a comparable incandescent bulb that puts out the same amount of light. CFL bulbs are available in a range of light colors, including warm (white to...
Measurement of Pressure Dependent Fluorescence Yield of Air: Calibration Factor for UHECR Detectors
In a test experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the fluorescence yield of 28.5 GeV electrons in air and nitrogen was measured. The measured photon yields between 300 and 400 nm at 1 atm and 29 C are Y(760 Torr){sup air} = 4.42 {+-} 0.73 and Y(760 Torr){sup N{sub 2}} = 29.2 {+-} 4.8 photons per electron per meter. Assuming that the fluorescence yield is proportional to the energy deposition of a charged particle traveling through air, good agreement with measurements at lower particle energies is observed.
Belz, J.W.; Burt, G.W.; Cao, Z.; Chang, F.Y.; Chen, C.C.; Chen, C.W.; Chen, P.; Field, C.; Findlay, J.; Huntemeyer, Petra; Huang, M.A.; Hwang, W.-Y.P.; Iverson, R.; Jones, B.F.; Jui, C.C.H.; Kirn, M.; Lin, G.-L.; Loh, E.C.; Maestas, M.M.; Manago, N.; Martens, K.; /Montana U. /Utah U. /Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U. /SLAC /Rutgers U., Piscataway
A laser-excited synchronous fluorescence spectrometer for benzo(a)pyrene
A laser-based synchronous scanning fluorimeter was developed for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although extensive sample cleanup and separation are usually required, fluorescence has long been used for determination of PAHs. Amount of sample pretreatment can often be reduced when synchronous fluorescence (SF) is used, and the sensitivity of SF can be increased by the high power and narrow profile of a laser source. A small, portable, pulsed dye laser was used in this study. The instrument and its application to the determination of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene are described.
Huebedr, D.M.; Iruela Del Olmo, M.; Stevenson, C.L.; Vo-Dinh, T.
Comparative naval architecture analysis of diesel submarines
Many comparative naval architecture analyses of surface ships have been performed, but few published comparative analyses of submarines exist. Of the several design concept papers, reports and studies that have been written ...
Torkelson, Kai Oscar
Intercellular trafficking of a KNOTTED1 green fluorescent protein fusion in the leaf and
Intercellular trafficking of a KNOTTED1 green fluorescent protein fusion in the leaf and shoot Jackson¶ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring between epidermal cells of Arabidopsis and onion. When expressed in vivo, the GFP KN1 fusion trafficked
Jackson, David
Activity-dependent fluorescent labeling of bacterial cells expressing the TOL pathway
3-Ethynylbenzoate functions as an activity-dependent, fluorogenic and chromogenic probe for Pseudomonas putida mt-2, which is known to degrade toluene via conversion to benzoate, followed by meta ring fission of the intermediate, catechol. This direct physiological analysis allows the fluorescent labeling of cells whose toluene-degrading enzymes have been induced by an aromatic substrate.
William K. Keener; Mary E. Watwood
Scanning delay generator for measurement of kinetic decays using laser-induced fluorescence techniques
An electronic device is described which generates a delayed pulse, where the delay is increased in a step-like manner. This device finds application in the measurement of kinetic decays, particularly when laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) detection of the decaying species is used. The circuit uses 15 low-power Schottky TTL chips and is contained within a dual width NIM module.
Halpern, J.B.; Towns, T.G.
Fluorescence technique for on-line monitoring of state of hydrogen-producing microorganisms
In situ fluorescence method to monitor state of sulfur-deprived algal culture's ability to produce H.sub.2 under sulfur depletion, comprising: a) providing sulfur-deprived algal culture; b) illuminating culture; c) measuring onset of H.sub.2 percentage in produced gas phase at multiple times to ascertain point immediately after anerobiosis to obtain H.sub.2 data as function of time; and d) determining any abrupt change in three in situ fluorescence parameters; i) increase in F.sub.t (steady-state level of chlorophyll fluorescence in light adapted cells); ii) decrease in F.sub.m', (maximal saturating light induced fluorescence level in light adapted cells); and iii) decrease in .DELTA.F/F.sub.m'=(F.sub.m'-F.sub.t)/F.sub.m' (calculated photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) signaling full reduction of plastoquinone pool between PSII and PSI, which indicates start of anaerobic conditions that induces synthesis of hydrogenase enzyme for subsequent H.sub.2 production that signal oxidation of plastoquinone pool asmain factor to regulate H.sub.2 under sulfur depletion.
Seibert, Michael (Lakewood, CO); Makarova, Valeriya (Golden, CO); Tsygankov, Anatoly A. (Pushchino, RU); Rubin, Andrew B. (Moscow, RU)
Filter-fluorescer measurement of low-voltage simulator x-ray energy spectra
X-ray energy spectra of the Maxwell Laboratories MBS and Physics International Pulserad 737 were measured using an eight-channel filter-fluorescer array. The PHOSCAT computer code was used to calculate channel response functions, and the UFO code to unfold spectrum.
Baldwin, G.T.; Craven, R.E.
Structural Evidence for a Dehydrated Intermediate in Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Biosynthesis*
-OvchinnikovInstituteofBioorganicChemistry,RussianAcademyofSciences,117997GSP,MoscowV-437,Russia, the ¶ Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, Macromolecular undergoes irreversible photoconversion to a green fluorescent state under UV light exposure. Here we present in the chemical structure of the internal chromophore group and in the stereochemistry of its adjacent environment.
Wlodawer, Alexander
Time Series Measurements from a Moored Fluorescence-Based Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
We present an analysis of time-series measurements from a prototype fluorescence-quenching dissolved oxygen sensor moored for a six-day period in late March 1987 at 100 m depth in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Temporal variations in dissolved ...
Richard E. Thomson; Terrence A. Curran; M. Coreen Hamilton; Ronald McFarlane
Measurement of Fuel Dilution of Oil in a Diesel Engine using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
A technique for measuring the fuel dilution of oil in a diesel engine is presented. Fuel dilution can occur when advanced in-cylinder fuel injection techniques are employed for the purpose of producing rich exhaust for lean NOx trap catalyst regeneration. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy is used to monitor the oil in a Mercedes 1.7-liter engine operated on a dynamometer platform. A fluorescent dye suitable for use in diesel fuel and oil systems is added to the engine fuel. The LIF spectra are monitored to detect the growth of the dye signal relative to the background fluorescence of the oil; fuel mass concentration is quantified based on a known sample set. The technique was implemented with fiber optic probes which can be inserted at various points in the oil system of the engine. A low cost 532-nm laser diode was used for excitation of the fluorescence. Measurements of fuel dilution of oil are presented for various in-cylinder injection strategies for rich operation of the diesel engine. Rates of fuel dilution increase for all strategies relative to normal lean operation, and higher fuel dilution rates are observed when extra fuel injection occurs later in the combustion cycle when fuel penetration into the cylinder wall oil film is more likely.
Parks, II, James E [ORNL; Partridge Jr, William P [ORNL
Performance evaluation of fiber optic probes for tissue lifetime fluorescence spectroscopy
reflected light. Our findings can be applied towards optimization of fiber-optic probe designs Angeles, CA 90028. ABSTRACT The design of fiber-optic probes plays an important role in optical spectroscopic studies, including fluorescence spectroscopy of biological tissues. It can affect the light
Jones, Linda R.
Mathematical modeling of fluorescence diffuse optical imaging of cell membrane potential changes
The aim of this paper is to provide a mathematical model for spatial distribution of membrane electrical potential changes by fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. We derive the resolving power of the imaging method in the presence of measurement noise. The proposed mathematical model can be used for cell membrane tracking with the resolution of the optical microscope.
Habib Ammari; Josselin Garnier; Laure Giovangigli
A fluorescence quenching assay to discriminate between specific and nonspecific inhibitors of dengue virus protease
positives is a major hurdle in the search for lead compounds that can be developed into drugs. A small electrophoresis; Nle, norleucine; RFU, relative fluorescence units; AMC, 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin; SE, standard9, Bz-nKRR-H) were chemically synthesized in-house. Fluorogenic peptide substrate Bz-Nle
Caflisch, Amedeo
Nontemplated Approach to Tuning the Spectral Propertiesof Cyanine-Based Fluorescent NanoGUMBOS
Template-free controlled aggregation and spectral properties in fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) is highly desirable for various applications.Herein, we report a nontemplated method for controlling the aggregation in near-infrared (NIR) cyanine-based nanoparticles derived from a group of uniformmaterials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Cationic heptamethine cyanine dye 1,10,3,3,30,30-hexamethylindotricarbocyanine (HMT) was coupled with five different anions, viz., [NTf2 -], [BETI-], [TFPB-], [AOT-], and [TFP4B-], by an ion-exchange method to obtain the respective GUMBOS. The nanoGUMBOS obtained via a reprecipitation method were primarily amorphous and spherical (30-100 nm) as suggested by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation of tunable self-assemblies within the nanoGUMBOS was characterized using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. Counterion-controlled spectral properties observed in the nanoGUMBOS were attributed to variations in J/H ratios with different anions. Association with the [AOT-] anion afforded predominant J aggregation enabling the highest fluorescence intensity, whereas [TFP4B-] disabled the fluorescence due to predominantHaggregation in the nanoparticles. Analyses of the stacking angle of the cations based on molecular dynamic simulation results in [HMT][NTf2], [HMT][BETI], and [HMT][AOT] dispersed in water and a visual analysis of the representative simulation snapshots also imply that the type of aggregation was controlled through the counterion associated with the dye cation.
Das, Susmita [Louisiana State University; Bwambok, David [Louisiana State University; El-Zahab, Bilal [Lousianna State University; Monk, Joshua [Louisiana State University; De Rooy, Sergio [Louisiana State University; Challa, Santhosh [Louisiana State University; Li, Min [Lousianna State University; Hung, Francisco [Louisiana State University; Baker, Gary A [ORNL; Warner, Isiah M [ORNL
High power light emitting diode based setup for photobleaching fluorescent impurities Tobias K be photobleached before final sample preparation. The instrument consists of high power light emitting diodes for simple photobleaching pur- poses, we designed a simple but efficient lighting system using light emitting
Compact fluorescent lamp using horizontal and vertical insulating septums and convective venting geometry
A novel design is described for a compact fluorescent lamp, including a lamp geometry which will increase light output and efficacy of the lamp in a base down operating position by providing horizontal and vertical insulating septums positioned in the ballast compartment of the lamp to provide a cooler coldspot. Selective convective venting provides additional cooling of the ballast compartment. 9 figs.
Siminovitch, M.
Energy Performance and Emissions of Electronic Ballasts Powering 4-Foot Fluorescent Lamps
This power quality (PQ) case study presents tests performed at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, in contract with the EPRI Power Electronics Applications Center (PEAC) to determine the average efficacy (lumens per watt), displacement power factor, total power factor, and current harmonic distortion of modern electronic ballasts powering fluorescent lamps.
A novel design for a compact fluorescent lamp, including a lamp geometry which will increase light output and efficacy of the lamp in a base down operating position by providing horizontal and vertical insulating septums positioned in the ballast compartment of the lamp to provide a cooler coldspot. Selective convective venting provides additional cooling of the ballast compartment.
Siminovitch, Michael (El Sobrante, CA)
A dimmable (1000:1 range) fluorescent ballast for instrument panel lighting
A 1000:1 wide range continuously dimmable ballast is designed for fluorescent lighting of aircraft instrument panels. High voltage, low energy, 800 Hz starting pulses reliably start the lamps at all light level settings. The starting pulses alone produce the illumination at the minimum light control setting.
Lauritzen, P.O.; Jorgensen, J.A.; Meyer, S.D.; Osborn, J.G.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Fluorescent Dye Using a Scanning, Depth-Resolving Airborne Lidar
Results are presented from a pilot study using a fluorescent dye tracer imaged by airborne lidar in the ocean surface layer on spatial scales of meters to kilometers and temporal scales of minutes to hours. The lidar used here employs a scanning, ...
M. A. Sundermeyer; E. A. Terray; J. R. Ledwell; A. G. Cunningham; P. E. LaRocque; J. Banic; W. J. Lillycrop
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements and kinetic analysis of Si atom formation in a rotating disk chemical vapor deposition reactor
An extensive set of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of Si atoms during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon from silane and disilane in a research rotating disk reactor are presented. The experimental results are compared in detail with predictions from a numerical model of CVD from silane and disilane that treats the fluid flow coupled to gas-phase and gas-surface chemistry. The comparisons showed that the unimolecular decomposition of SiH[sub 2] could not account for the observed gas-phase Si atom density profiles. The H[sub 3]SiSiH [leftrightarrow] Si + SiH[sub 4] and H[sub 3]SiSiH + SiH[sub 2] [leftrightarrow] Si + Si[sub 2]H[sub 6] reactions are proposed as the primary Si atom production routes. The model is in good agreement with the measured shapes of the Si atom profiles and the trends in Si atom density with susceptor temperature, pressure, and reactant gas mixture. 33 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.
Ho, P.; Coltrin, M.E.; Breiland, W.G. (Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Executive Summary Executive Summary Potential Savings The overwhelming majority of lights in residential households are incandescent--the least energy efficient of all light types (Figure ES1.). If households replaced the most intensively used bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs, they would see a sizable savings in their electric bills. The total U.S. household energy that would be saved by replacing all incandescent bulbs used 4 or more hours per day would be 31.7 billion kilowatthours (kWh) annually, or 35 percent of all electricity used for residential lighting. The amount of time it takes for households to see a simple payback from compact fluorescent bulbs depends on the price of electricity. Assuming a 26-watt compact fluorescent bulb that costs 22 dollars, an average sized
Another Side of Light - D
D. Three quantum phenomena D. Three quantum phenomena In fluorescence, matter absorbs light waves of a high frequency and then emits light of the same or lower frequency. This process was studied and named by George Gabriel Stokes in the mid-19th century. Today, fluorescence is familiar to us from fluorescent light bulbs. A fluorescent bulb's filament produces ultraviolet light, which is absorbed by the bulb's inner coating, which then emits lower-frequency visible light-more visible light than an incandescent bulb produces with the same wattage. According to the hypothesis of light quanta, during fluorescence an atom absorbs a quantum of light whose energy is proportional to the light wave's frequency. If the atom doesn't supply any extra energy of its own, the light quantum emitted should either have the same energy or less energy
Comparing Infrastructure Costs for Hydrogen and Electricity ...
infrastructure cost estimates for * hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) Compare retail costs on a common transportation energy *...
Why improve the pipeline for comparative transcriptomics?
Plans Educational Resources MyJGI: Information for Collaborators Why improve the pipeline for comparative transcriptomics? The genomes of several brown rot and white rot fungi...
Objective assessment of image quality (OAIQ) in fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging
The statistical evaluation of molecular imaging approaches for detecting, diagnosing, and monitoring molecular response to treatment are required prior to their adoption. The assessment of fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging is particularly challenging since neither instrument nor agent has been established. Small animal imaging does not address the depth of penetration issues adequately and the risk of administering molecular optical imaging agents into patients remains unknown. Herein, we focus upon the development of a framework for OAIQ which includes a lumpy-object model to simulate natural anatomical tissue structure as well as the non-specific distribution of fluorescent contrast agents. This work is required for adoption of fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging in the clinic. Herein, the imaging system is simulated by the diffusion approximation of the time-dependent radiative transfer equation, which describes near infra-red light propagation through clinically relevant volumes. We predict the time-dependent light propagation within a 200 cc breast interrogated with 25 points of excitation illumination and 128 points of fluorescent light collection. We simulate the fluorescence generation from Cardio-Green at tissue target concentrations of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 �M with backgrounds containing 0.01 �M. The fluorescence boundary measurements for 1 cc spherical targets simulated within lumpy backgrounds of (i) endogenous optical properties (absorption and scattering), as well as (ii) exogenous fluorophore crosssection are generated with lump strength varying up to 100% of the average background. The imaging data are then used to validate a PMBF/CONTN tomographic reconstruction algorithm. Our results show that the image recovery is sensitive to the heterogeneous background structures. Further analysis on the imaging data by a Hotelling observer affirms that the detection capability of the imaging system is adversely affected by the presence of heterogeneous background structures. The above issue is also addressed using the human-observer studies wherein multiple cases of randomly located targets superimposed on random heterogeneous backgrounds are used in a �double-blind� situation. The results of this study show consistency with the outcome of above mentioned analyses. Finally, the Hotelling observer�s analysis is used to demonstrate (i) the inverse correlation between detectability and target depth, and (ii) the plateauing of detectability with improved excitation light rejection.
Sahu, Amit K.
are inside materials such as wires or light bulbs. Even though the interactions of electrons inside materials your track lighting uses. So, you decide to build a model of circuits using two bulbs and compare bulbs are as bright as your reference circuit is equivalent to the circuit that your track lighting uses
Minnesota, University of
Future is Here One of the fastest developing lighting technologies today is the light-emitting diode (or LED). A type of solid-state lighting, LEDs use a semiconductor to convert...
A Second UV "Light Bulb" behind the SN 1006 Remnant
A point X-ray source located 9 arcmin northeast of the center of SN~1006 has been spectroscopically identified as a background QSO, with a redshift of 0.335. The object is moderately bright, with magnitude V=18.3. If its ultraviolet spectrum is typical of low-z quasars, this object will be a second (after the Schweizer-Middleditch star) source to use for absorption spectroscopy of material within SN 1006. Absorption spectra provide a unique probe for unshocked ejecta within this supernova remnant, and can possibly solve the long-standing problem of "missing" iron in the remnants of Type Ia supernovae.
Winkler, P F; Long, Knox S.
P. Frank Winkler; Knox S. Long
it unclogged. *ensure that you have a mop to clean up any water that is on the floor. LIGHT BULBS AND FUSES Tenants are responsible for providing their own light bulbs (except fluorescent tubes) and stove fuses on the unit. #12;20 NOTE: The red LED on the detector will be flashing rapidly. No audible sound will be heard
Saskatchewan, University of
Energy Savings and Green Initiatives Project Grant
This project entails retrofitting all four foot, 2, 3 and 4 bulb 40 watt T12 fixtures to T8 28 watt and 150 watt incandescent to 26 watt compact fluorescent bulbs. In total, 2,086 fixtures will be retrofitted
Kathy MacLennan
Woojin Lee We seek to offer an affordable and easy method of
Statement To replace inefficient fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs in the commons of the residential was identified to be the most "in- need" with over 150 light bulbs · David Brown, the senior operati (building ex.) #12;Switching to Light Emitting Diodes Alex Nunez-Thompson and Shantan Cheemerla #12;Problem
Deep cuts in household greenhouse gas emissions Andrew Blakers
an electric light bulb with a power of 100 W for 10 hours then 1,000 watt-hours, or 1 kilowatt hour (k simple measure! 2. Incandescent light bulbs will be phased out over the next few years, but if you do frequently used incandescent light fittings with compact fluorescent lights will reduce your lighting bill
The LSU Campus Committee for Sustainability serves in an advisory role to the Chancellor
to sleep mode or turn it off when not in use Change incandescent light bulbs to compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) Use task lighting rather than lighting the entire room, and take advantage of natural light Begin design of high efficiency projects, including lighting upgrades, utility insulation, and building
Bone lead content assessed by L-line x-ray fluorescence in lead-exposed and non-lead-exposed suburban populations in the United States
Measurements of lead (Pb) in bone reflect cumulative Pb exposure, whereas blood Pb levels are indices of absorption during the previous 21-30 days. This study was undertaken to estimate bone Pb concentrations by L-line x-ray fluorescence (LXRF) in a United States suburban population which was exposed to unusually high levels of Pb in emissions from an adjacent factory during 1963-1981, compared with concentrations similarly estimated in a matched suburban community without unusual Pb exposure. The mean bone Pb value in 269 residents of the highly exposed suburb (15 ppm) was 3-fold greater than that of the reference suburb (5 ppm). LXRF estimates of bone Pb identified those individuals at risk for adverse effects of Pb, whereas blood Pb levels were uninformative. Average LXRF-estimated bone Pb concentrations in residents of the unusually exposed suburb approximated estimated values in workers at Pb-processing factories. 44 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Rosen, J.F.; Balbi, K.; Balbi, J.; Bailey, C.; Clemente, I.; Redkey, N.; Grainger, S. (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (United States)); Crocetti, A.F. (New York Medical College, Valhalla (United States))
Treatability study for removal of leachable mercury in crushed fluorescent lamps
Nonserviceable fluorescent lamps removed from radiological control areas at the Oak Ridge Department of Energy facilities have been crushed and are currently managed as mixed waste (hazardous and radiologically contaminated). We present proposed treatment flowsheets and supporting treatability study data for conditioning this solid waste residue so that it can qualify for disposal in a sanitary landfill. Mercury in spent fluorescent lamps occurs primarily as condensate on high-surface-area phosphor material. It can be solubilized with excess oxidants (e.g., hypochlorite solution) and stabilized by complexation with halide ions. Soluble mercury in dechlorinated saline solution is effectively removed by cementation with zero-valent iron in the form of steel wool. In packed column dynamic flow testing, soluble mercury was reduced to mercury metal and insoluble calomel, loading > 1.2 g of mercury per grain of steel wool before an appreciable breakthrough of soluble mercury in the effluent.
Bostick, W.D.; Beck, D.E.; Bowser, K.T. [and others
NIST energy related inventions: Electronic starter device for fluorescent lamps. Interim report, August--October, 1997
From the Scope of Work document which accompanied the original proposal, three silicon devices were anticipated for development, simulation, and quality assurance fabrication. The status of these are in the same format as the Scope of Work...Attachment-A-: Task 1--design and simulation; Task 2--prototype tooling; Task 3--test engineering; Task 4--product tooling; Task 5--package tooling/manufacturing design and assembly. It is felt the program will meet it`s stated goals of producing a low cost, high performance fluorescent lamp starter which will lower the acquisition and operating cost of fluorescent technology...thus saving significant amounts of energy. The likelihood of success is even greater, now that the TN22 component has been qualified. The challenges of creating a custom ASIC, while still significant, are within the skill and expertise level or the assigned engineers.
Johnson, S.A.
Detection of ultratrace levels of uranium in aqueous samples by laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry
A new method of analysis for ultratrace quantities of ururanium in aqueous samples has been developed with a detection limit of 4 x 10/sup -14/M(10/sup -5/ ppb, 0.01 pg/mL). This detection level is considerably less than the average concentration of 0.1 ppb uranium found in natural groundwaters. The procedure consists of an initial coprecipitation of the solution uranium with calcium fluoride, calcination at 800/sup 0/C, and monitoring the uranium content by laser-induced fluorescence excitation (LIFE). Analytical data using this technique are presented for previously analyzed groundwater samples containing 10/sup -6/-10/sup -7/M uranium. The fluorescence yield dependence on calcination time and temperature and on cation and anion interferences is discussed.
Perry, D.L. (Univ. of California, Berkeley); Klainer, S.M.; Bowman, H.R.; Milanovich, F.P.; Hirschfeld, T.; Miller, S.
Precise Measurement of the Absolute Yield of Fluorescence Photons in Atmospheric Gases
We have performed a measurement of the absolute yield of fluorescence photons at the Fermilab Test Beam. A systematic uncertainty at 5% level was achieved by the use of Cherenkov radiation as a reference calibration light source. A cross-check was performed by an independent calibration using a laser light source. A significant improvement on the energy scale uncertainty of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays is expected.
Ave, M.; /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.; Bohacova, M.; /Chicago U., EFI; Daumiller, K.; /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.; Di Carlo, P.; /INFN, Aquila; Di Giulio, C.; /INFN, Rome; Luis, P.Facal San; /Chicago U., EFI; Gonzales, D.; /Karlsruhe U., EKP; Hojvat, C.; /Fermilab; Horandel, J.R.; /Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Hrabovsky, M.; /Palacky U.; Iarlori, M.; /INFN, Aquila /Karlsruhe, Inst. Technol.
A spreadsheet for analyzing the in situ performance of fluorescent luminaires
A spreadsheet program for determining system efficacy, power input and light output of common 4 ft fluorescent lighting systems under realistic operating conditions is described. The program uses accepted IES engineering principles to precisely account for ballast factor, existing thermal conditions and maintenance practices. The spreadsheet, which includes a data base of lamp and ballast performance data, can be used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of many common lighting retrofits.
Rubinstein, F.; Zhang, Chin
Life cycle cost analysis for replacement of fluorescent light fixtures containing polychlorinated biphenyls
The Effect of and Correction for Different Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Response in Thermocouple Psychrometry
Fast-responding thermocouple psychrometers are often used in atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence measurements for the computation of heat and moisture fluxes. Small size, low cost, ease of interchange-ability and the use of the familiar ...
W. J. Shaw; J. E. Tillman
Assessing photosynthetic light-use efficiency using a solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index
Photosynthetic light-use efficiency LUE is an important indicator of plant photosynthesis, but assessment by remote sensing needs to be further explored. In this study, two protective mechanisms for photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence ChlF and heat ...
Liangyun Liu; Yongjiang Zhang; Quanjun Jiao; Dailiang Peng
Ur:.V(. ,(lh. Fluorescent Lighting Review of Recent Resultsfrom 30 0 C to 50�C. The lighting system.with core ballastswas conducted to measure the lighting system performance for
Fluorescent CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal-peptide conjugates for long-term, nontoxic imaging and
Fluorescent CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystal-Peptide Conjugates forfluorescent labels, silanized CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal-peptidenuclei of living cells. CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals, or so called
Chen, Fanqing; Gerion, Daniele
Time Series Measurements of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Oceanic Bottom Boundary Layer with a Multisensor Fiber-Optic Fluorometer
An in situ multisensor fiber-optic fluorometer (MFF) has been developed to acquire long-term chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in the oceanic bottom boundary layer to characterize the finescale pigment structure at vertical spatial scales ...
Eurico J. D�Sa; Steven E. Lohrenz; Vernon L. Asper; Roy A. Walters
Micromolding of a Highly Fluorescent Reticular Coordination Polymer: Solvent-Mediated Reconfigurable Polymerization in a Soft Lithographic Mold
Coordination polymerization of pyridine-based ligands and zinc or silver ions was controlled by soft lithographic micromolding in capillaries. The polymer patterns that are produced are highly fluorescent and supramolecularly structured.
Y You; H Yang; J Chung; J Kim; Y Jung; S Park
Quantitative Analysis of Mt. St. Helens Ash by X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
A quantitative study by x-ray diffraction, optical polarizing microscopy, and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry of fallout and ambient ash from three Mt. St. Helens eruptions has revealed a consistent picture of the mineralogical and elemental ...
Briant L. Davis; L. Ronald Johnson; Dana T. Griffen; William Revell Phillips; Robert K. Stevens; David Maughan
Microstructure Profiles of Laser-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectra: Evaluation of Backscatter and Forward-Scatter Fiber-Optic Sensors
The implementation and characterization of backscatter and forward-scatter fiber-optic fluorescence sensors attached to a microstructure profiling instrument are described. By using an optical multichannel array detector to record emission ...
Russell A. Desiderio; Timothy J. Cowles; James N. Moum; Michael Myrick
Characterization of the lateral distribution of fluorescent lipid in binary-constituent lipid monolayers by principal component analysis
Lipid lateral organization in binary-constituent monolayers consisting of fluorescent and nonfluorescent lipids has been investigated by acquiring multiple emission spectra during measurement of each force-area isotherm. The emission spectra reflect ...
Istv�n P. Sug�r; Xiuhong Zhai; Ivan A. Boldyrev; Julian G. Molotkovsky; Howard L. Brockman; Rhoderick E. Brown
Compare All CBECS Activities: Fuel Oil Use
Fuel Oil Use Compare Activities by ... Fuel Oil Use Total Fuel Oil Consumption by Building Type Commercial buildings in the U.S. used a total of approximately 1.3 billion gallons...
Compare veh�culos diesel nuevos y usados
Por Galn Por lo menos... 35 30 25 20 15 10 Ciudad 35 30 25 20 15 10 Combinado 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Carretera Sus Selecciones Bsque Vehculos y Combustible Diesel Compare de...
Compare New and Used Diesel Vehicles
City 35 30 25 20 15 10 Combined 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Highway Your Selections Search Diesel Vehicles & Fuels Compare Side by Side About Diesel Vehicles New & Upcoming Ultra-Low...
Security Patterns: Comparing Modeling Approaches Armstrong NHLABATSI
Security Patterns: Comparing Modeling Approaches Armstrong NHLABATSI ** , Arosha BANDARA the challenges of developing secure software systems remains an active research area in software engineering. Current research efforts have resulted in the documentation of recurring security problems as security
Jurjens, Jan
PLATCOM: a platform for computational comparative genomics
The exponential accumulation of genomic sequence data demands systematic analysis of genetic information and requires use of various computational approaches to handle such huge sets of genomic data. Comparative genomics,
Kwangmin Choi; Jeong-hyeon Choi; Amit Saple; Zhiping Wang; Jason Lee; Sun Kim
Comparative Accuracy of Selected Multiple Scattering Approximations
Computational results have been obtained for the plane albedo, total transmission and fractional absorption of plane-parallel atmospheres composed of cloud droplets. These computations, which were obtained using the doubling method, are compared ...
Michael D. King; Harshvardhan
Why sequence Comparative analysis of Aspergilli species?
Comparative analysis of Aspergilli species? Comparative analysis of Aspergilli species? Aspergillus is not only one of the most important fungi for use in biotechnology it is also one of the most commonly found groups of fungi worldwide. This project seeks to sequence and annotate a series of additional Aspergillus species and Penicillium roqueforti to complement and strengthen the genomic data currently available for comparative studies. The data resulting from these species comparisonswill be of direct relevance to the DOE mission, particularly to howspecies have become adapted for utilization of specific carbon sources enabling efficientbiomass degradation. Principal Investigators: Ronald de Vries, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, the Netherlands Program: CSP 2011 Home > Sequencing > Why sequence Comparative analysis of Aspergilli
X-ray Methods in High-Intensity Discharges and Metal-Halide Lamps: X-ray Induced Fluorescence
We describe the use of x-ray induced fluorescence to study metal-halide high-intensity discharge lamps and to measure equilibrium vapor pressures of metal-halide salts. The physical principles of metal-halide lamps, relevant aspects of x-ray-atom interactions, the experimental method using synchrotron radiation, and x-ray induced fluorescence measurements relevant to metal-halide lamps are covered.
Curry, John J.; Lapatovich, Walter P.; Henins, Albert (NIST)
Improved fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging and tomography by enhanced excitation light rejection
Fluorescence enhanced optical imaging and tomography studies involve the detection of weak fluorescent signals emanating from nano- to picomolar concentrations of exogenous or endogenously produced fluorophore concurrent with the rejection of an overwhelmingly large component of backscattered excitation light. The elimination of the back-reflected excitation light of the collected signal remains a major and often unrecognized challenge for further reducing the noise floor and increasing sensitivity of small animal fluorescence imaging. In this dissertation, we adapted collimating and gradient index (GRIN) lenses in an existing frequency-domain system to improve excitation light rejection and enhance planar and tomographic imaging. To achieve this goal, we developed planar and tomographic imaging systems based upon ray tracing calculations for improved rejection of excitation light. The �out-of-band (S (?x))� to �in-band (S (?m) - S (?x))� signal ratio assessing excitation leakage was acquired with and without collimating optics. The addition of collimating optics resulted in a 51 to 75% reduction in the transmission ratio of (S (?x))/ (S (?m) - S (?x)) for the phantom studies and an increase of target to background ratio (TBR) from 11% to 31% in animal studies. Additionally, we presented results demonstrating the improvement of model match between experiments and forward simulation models by adaptation of GRIN lens optics to a breast phantom study. In particular, 128 GRIN lenses on the fiber bundle face were employed to align the collected excitation and emission light normal to the filter surface in an existing frequency-domain system. As a result of GRIN lens collimation, we reduced the transmission ratio between 10 and 86 % and improved the model match for tomographic reconstruction of one (1 cm3) and two (0.1 cm3) targets in a 1087 cm3 of breast phantom. Ultimately, this work improves the sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging by enhancing the rejection of excitation light and shows that the current sensitivity challenges for translating fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging into the clinic can be overcome.
Hwang, Kil Dong
Science Education | Department of Energy
November 22, 2013 November 22, 2013 WHO SAID IT: Tesla or Edison? Test your knowledge of energy inventors Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla with our downloadable quote quiz cards. November 22, 2013 History of the Light Bulb The History of the Light Bulb From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, we're exploring the long history of the light bulb. November 20, 2013 Education and Professional Development To pursue a clean energy career, you may need general as well as specialized training. A number of colleges and universities now offer specializations in various clean energy fields, or even full degree
on the stage of Ramsey Auditorium at Fermilab Sunday, holding a long fluorescent light bulb and looking afraid. Lee Marek, a retired high school science teacher, was in the...
13Fermi 1/22/99 lay
ionized NaCl solution conducts electricity, and just as the gas inside a fluorescent light bulb conducts electricity. In forming the plasma, some hydrogen atoms lose electrons and...
At Plasma Camp, teachers experience research front and center...
used throughout the week, including a plasma globe and a half-coated fluorescent light bulb, and they have the rare opportunity to apply for a 2,000 grant for additional lab...
Luminous Efficacy Standards for General Purpose Lights | Department...
output) per watt (measure of power input). The efficacy of a typical incandescent light bulb ranges between 12 lmW and 18 lmW. The efficacy of a typical compact fluorescent...
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab - STEM
Questions and Answers - What does the element krypton look like...
krypton. When this is done, krypton lights up in much the same way a fluorescent light bulb does and glows with a smokey-white light. This glowing gas is called a plasma. A...
CX-001775: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Ormond Beach Replace Fluorescent BulbsCX(s) Applied: B5.1Date: 04/23/2010Location(s): Ormond Beach, FloridaOffice(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Tailoring optical properties of light-emitting diodes by nanostructuring with nanospheres.
???III-V nitride based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have experienced rapid developments during past decade, proving their potential to substitute conventional incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps to� (more)
Design and implementation of a solar power system in rural Haiti
This paper describes the design and implementation of a solar power system for a school and health center in Petit-Anse, Haiti. The end-use applications are lighting via a set of fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, and a ...
Hussam, Shaheer M. (Shaheer Muqtasid), 1981-
Roderick G. Eggert, Professor and Division Director Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines
- earth elements in wind turbines, hybrid vehicles, compact-fluorescent light bulbs, and a number Minerals, and the U.S. Economy It was in this light that the standing Committee on Earth Resources
Table 4
or More ... 0.6 Q 0.2 Q Q Q Q 39.76 Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs Used Yes... 8.6 1.4 3.4 1.6 1.3...
Solid-State Lighting Issue 20: Selected Business & Technology...
doses of light bright enough to mimic dawn, between 2,500 to 10,000 lux. This amount of light is unattainable by incandescent bulbs, and largely inconvenient with fluorescent...
BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY Easy ways you can help reduce our
when they are not in use! Replace incandescent light bulbs with energy saving compact fluorescent consumption. Lighting: Use natural light instead of artificial light whenever possible. Turn off the lights
Moore, Paul A.
You've Got Questions, Chu's Got Answers | Department of Energy
it's pointing out why The Daily Show would benefit from switching to compact fluorescent light bulbs or applying insulation and sealant in his own home, the Secretary is always...
CRITICAL MINERALS AND EMERGING ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Statement of
as in compact-fluorescent light bulbs. These technological developments raise two concerns. First Minerals, and the U.S. Economy2 It was in this light that the standing Committee on Earth Resources
It's Elemental - The Element Argon
used when an inert atmosphere is needed. It is used to fill incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs to prevent oxygen from corroding the hot filament. Argon is also used to form...
It's Elemental - The Element Krypton
in some types of photographic flashes used in high speed photography. Some fluorescent light bulbs are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases. Krypton gas is also...
Jump to: navigation, search Compare My Energy Abstract Compare Your Energy charts user's energy usage to see how changed light bulbs, replaced appliances, or changed your habits...
Comparative analysis of energy costing methodologies
The methodologies used for computing levelized busbar costs of electricity from geothermal (hydrothermal) resources used by 16 organizations active in the geothermal area are discussed. The methodologies are compared by (a) comparing the results obtained by using two standard data sets, (b) a theoretical analysis of the mathematical formulation of the embedded models, and (c) an examination of differences in data and assumptions. The objective is to attempt to resolve differences in estimates of geothermal (and conventional) electric power costs, upon which policies may be formulated and research, development and demonstration activities designed and implemented.
El-Sawy, A.H.; Leigh, J.G.; Trehan, R.K.
Video copy detection: a comparative study
This paper presents a comparative study of methods for video copy detection. Different state-of-the-art techniques, using various kinds of descriptors and voting functions, are described: global video descriptors, based on spatial and temporal features; ... Keywords: content-based video copy detection
Julien Law-To; Li Chen; Alexis Joly; Ivan Laptev; Olivier Buisson; Valerie Gouet-Brunet; Nozha Boujemaa; Fred Stentiford
Spatial Texture Analysis: A Comparative Study
In this paper we compare some of the traditional, and some fairly new techniques of texture analysis on the MeasTex and VisTex benchmarks to illustrate their relative abilities. The methods considered include autocorrelation (ACF), co-occurrence matrices ... Keywords: texture, recognition rate, comparison, benchmark
Maneesha Singh; Sameer Singh
Identifying comparable entities on the web
Web search engines are often presented with user queries that involve comparisons of real-world entities. Thus far, this interaction has typically been captured by users submitting appropriately designed keyword queries for which they are presented a ... Keywords: comparables, information extraction, query logs
Alpa Jain; Patrick Pantel
Data base to compare calculations and observations
Meteorological and climatological data bases were compared with known tritium release points and diffusion calculations to determine if calculated concentrations could replace measure concentrations at the monitoring stations. Daily tritium concentrations were monitored at 8 stations and 16 possible receptors. Automated data retrieval strategies are listed. (PSB)
Tichler, J.L.
Performance of electronic ballasts and other new lighting equipment: (Phase 2, The 34-watt F40 rapid start T-12 fluorescent lamp): Final report
This study has measured the performance of energy-saving 34-watt F40, T-12, rapid-start, lite white fluorescent lamps being operated by solid-state ballasts and lighting control equipment. The performances of these lamp systems are compared with those of 40-watt F40, T-12 rapid-start cool white fluorescent lamp systems studied in the prior phase of this project. With the 34-watt F40 lamps and various solid-state ballasts, system efficacy ranged from 67 to 84 lumens per watt and ballast factor from 0.756 to 0.908. Average system efficacy using the 34-watt lamps exceeded that of systems using 40-watt lamps and the same solid-state ballasts by only 1 percent even though the 34-watt lamps is about 6 percent more efficacious than the 40-watt lamp. This apparent discrepancy is due to increased ballast losses when operating the 34-watt lamps. However, the systems efficacy of the 34-watt lamps used with a solid-state ballast exceeded that of a 34-watt, two-lamp system using the standard core-coil ballast by as much as 29 percent. A T-8 fluorescent lamp system with a smaller lamp diameter was also included in the study. Operating this lamp with a solid-state ballast produced a high system efficacy of 90 lumens per watt, a 39 percent improvement over the efficacy of a 40-watt F40 system using the standard core-coil ballast. The use of static controllers with 34-watt F40 lamps can result in excessive flickering (46 percent) and the generation of a second harmonic as high as 96 percent of the fundamental frequency. The dynamic controllers, when used to dim the 34-watt lamps generally cannot be dimmed as low as the 40-watt lamp system without flickering. In general, the 34-watt energy-saving lamps are appropriate as a retrofit to reduce illumination levels. However, for new construction, the 40-watt F40 argon filled lamps cost less, perform better, and provide a more reliable system. 5 refs., 27 figs., 9 tabs.
Verderber, R.R.; Morse, O.
Determination of mercury distribution inside spent compact fluorescent lamps by atomic absorption spectrometry
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New treatments for CFL are required considering the aim of Directive 202/96/CE. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer It is shown that most of the mercury introduced into a CFL is in the phosphor powder. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Experimental conditions for microwave-assisted sample digestion followed by AAS measurements are described. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer By washing the glass it is possible to reduce the concentration below legal limits. - Abstract: In this study, spent compact fluorescent lamps were characterized to determine the distribution of mercury. The procedure used in this research allowed mercury to be extracted in the vapor phase, from the phosphor powder, and the glass matrix. Mercury concentration in the three phases was determined by the method known as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Median values obtained in the study showed that a compact fluorescent lamp contained 24.52 {+-} 0.4 ppb of mercury in the vapor phase, 204.16 {+-} 8.9 ppb of mercury in the phosphor powder, and 18.74 {+-} 0.5 ppb of mercury in the glass matrix. There are differences in mercury concentration between the lamps since the year of manufacture or the hours of operation affect both mercury content and its distribution. The 85.76% of the mercury introduced into a compact fluorescent lamp becomes a component of the phosphor powder, while more than 13.66% is diffused through the glass matrix. By washing and eliminating all phosphor powder attached to the glass surface it is possible to classified the glass as a non-hazardous waste.
Rey-Raap, Natalia [Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica y Construccion, Universitat Jaume I de Castellon, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Espana (Spain); Gallardo, Antonio, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica y Construccion, Universitat Jaume I de Castellon, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Espana (Spain)
Extraction-x-ray fluorescent determination of the rare earthelements in calcium fluoride
Fluorides of the alkaline earth metals, activated by rare earth ions, are used as active elements in lasers and scintillation detectors. In this work, the conditions of production of thin-layer emitters for the extraction x-ray fluorescent determination of 2.10/sup -4/-3.10/sup -3/% REE in calcium fluoride with preliminary concentration of the elements to be determined in the form of complexes with morin were studied. The possibility of a simultaneous determination of several REE present together was demonstrated. A mixture (4:1) of isopentanol and tributyl phosphate (TBP), analytical grade, which were additionally redistilled, was used.
Blank, A.B.; Belenko, L.E.; Shevtsov, N.I.
Compact Fluorescent Lighting in America: Lessons Learned on the Way to Market
This report describes the history of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in America. CFLs were introduced in the 1970s; however, it has taken more than 20 years for them to gain widespread recognition in the U.S. residential lighting market. This report reviews the development of CFLs, efforts to increase market acceptance of them, and barriers to that acceptance. Lessons to be learned from this study of CFLs are identified in hopes of assisting future market introduction efforts for other promising energy-efficient technologies. This report was prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy�s Office of Building Technologies, Emerging Technologies Program.
Sandahl, Linda J.; Gilbride, Theresa L.; Ledbetter, Marc R.; Steward, Heidi E.; Calwell, Chris
Xenon ion laser-induced fluorescence using a visible tunable diode laser near 680 nm
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements have been performed for the first time in a low temperature (T{sub e}{approx_equal}0.6 eV) Xe plasma using a tunable diode laser in the visible range of wavelengths. The transition in Xe II involved the ({sup 3}P{sub 1})5d[3]{sub 7/2} metastable state and the excitation wavelength was found to be 680.570{+-}0.001 nm (air). LIF measurements of I{sub 2} in a room temperature iodine gas cell were used to monitor the wavelength of the laser during the measurements.
Severn, Greg; Lee, Dongsoo; Hershkowitz, Noah [Department of Physics, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110 (United States); Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States)
A Fluorescent Aerogel for Capture and Identification of Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust
Contemporary interstellar dust has never been analyzed in the laboratory, despite its obvious astronomical importance and its potential as a probe of stellar nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution. Here we report the discovery of a novel fluorescent aerogel which is capable of capturing hypervelocity dust grains and passively recording their kinetic energies. An array of these �calorimetric� aerogel collectors in low earth orbit would lead to the capture and identification of large numbers of interstellar dust grains. Subject headings: astrochemistry � instrumentation: detectors � interplanetary medium � dust, extinction � meteors, meteoroids � techniques: image processing 1.
Gerardo Dom�nguez; Andrew J. Westphal; Mark L. F. Phillips; Steven M. Jones
Trace Detection of Metastable Helium Molecules in Superfluid Helium by Laser-Induced Fluorescence
We describe an approach to detecting ionizing radiation that combines the special properties of superfluid helium with the sensitivity of quantum optics techniques. Ionization in liquid helium results in the copious production of metastable He{sub 2} molecules, which can be detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Each molecule can be probed many times using a cycling transition, resulting in the detection of individual molecules with high signal to noise. This technique could be used to detect neutrinos, weakly interacting massive particles, and ultracold neutrons, and to image superfluid flow in liquid {sup 4}He.
McKinsey, D. N.; Lippincott, W.H.; Nikkel, J.A.; Rellergert, W.G. [Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (United States)
Obstacles and opportunities in the commercialization of the solid-state-electronic fluorescent-lighting ballast
The Solid State Ballast (SSB) Program, aimed at improving the efficiency of fluorescent lights, is described. The first generation of solid state electronic ballasts has been developed and the technology has been transferred to the private sector. This report examines the opportunities for rapid dissemination of this technology into the marketplace. It includes a description of product characteristics and their influence on the commercialization of the SSB, a description of the technology delivery system presently used by the ballast industry, an analysis of the market for SSB, and identification of some high-leverage opportunities to accelerate the commercialization process. (MCW)
Johnson, D.R.; Marcus, A.A.; Campbell, R.S.; Sommers, P.; Skumatz, L.; Berk, B.; Petty, P.; Eschbach, C.
A Comparative Perspective on Reactor Decommissioning
A comparative perspective on decommissioning, based on facts and figures as well as the national policies, is useful in identifying mutually beneficial 'lessons learned' from various decommissioning programs. In this paper we provide such a perspective on the US and European approaches based on a review of the programmatic experience and the decommissioning projects. The European countries selected for comparison, UK, France, and Germany, have nuclear power programs comparable in size and vintage to the US program but have distinctly different policies at the federal level. The national decommissioning scene has a lot to do with how national nuclear energy policies are shaped. Substantial experience exists in all decommissioning programs and the technology is in a mature state. Substantial cost savings can result from sharing of decommissioning information, technologies and approaches among various programs. However, the Achilles' heel for the decommissioning industry remains the lack of appropriate disposal facilities for the nuclear wastes. (authors)
Devgun, J.S. [Nuclear Power Technologies, Sargent and Lundy LLC, 55 E. Monroe Street, Chicago, IL 60603 (United States); Zelmer, R. [Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 1900 City Park Drive, Suite 200, Ottawa, Ontario K1J 1A3 (Canada)
Comparative analysis of twelve Dothideomycete plant pathogens
The Dothideomycetes are one of the largest and most diverse groups of fungi. Many are plant pathogens and pose a serious threat to agricultural crops grown for biofuel, food or feed. Most Dothideomycetes have only a single host and related Dothideomycete species can have very diverse host plants. Twelve Dothideomycete genomes have currently been sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute and other sequencing centers. They can be accessed via Mycocosm which has tools for comparative analysis
Ohm, Robin; Aerts, Andrea; Salamov, Asaf; Goodwin, Stephen B.; Grigoriev, Igor
Comparing Efficiency Projections (released in AEO2010)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Realized improvements in energy efficiency generally rely on a combination of technology and economics [47]. The figure below illustrates the role of technology assumptions in the AEO2010 projections for energy efficiency in the residential and commercial buildings sector. Projected energy consumption in the Reference case is compared with projections in the Best Available Technology, High Technology, and 2009 Technology cases and an estimate based on an assumption of no change in efficiency for building shells and equipment.
Information Center
A Comparative Demonstration of Alternative Milk Cooling
A newly-designed groundwater-ice bank milk cooling system significantly reduces energy use and peak electric demand by about 30% over a conventional direct expansion bulk tank cooling system. This study compared the energy efficiency, electrical demands, and milk quality obtained using the new and conventional systems. Overall, the new system represents a viable, cost-effective alternative for dairy farms that are upgrading or replacing milk cooling equipment.
Comparing Optical and Near Infrared Luminosity Functions
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS] has measured an optical luminosity function for galaxies in 5 bands, finding 1.5 to 2.1 times more luminosity density than previous work. This note compares the SDSS luminosity density to two recent determinations of the near infrared luminosity function based on 2MASS data, and finds that an extrapolation of the SDSS results gives a 2.3 times greater near infrared luminosity density.
Edward L. Wright
Comparative Study of Vented vs. Unvented Crawlspaces
There has been a significant amount of research in the area of building energy efficiency and durability. However, well-documented quantitative information on the impact of crawlspaces on the performance of residential structures is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two crawlspace strategies on the whole-house performance of a pair of houses in a mixed humid climate. These houses were built with advanced envelope systems to provide energy savings of 50% or more compared to traditional 2010 new construction. One crawlspace contains insulated walls and is sealed and semi-conditioned. The other is a traditional vented crawlspace with insulation in the crawlspace ceiling. The vented (traditional) crawlspace contains fiberglass batts installed in the floor chase cavities above the crawl, while the sealed and insulated crawlspace contains foil-faced polyisocyanurate foam insulation on the interior side of the masonry walls. Various sensors to measure temperatures, heat flux through crawlspace walls and ceiling, and relative humidity were installed in the two crawlspaces. Data from these sensors have been analyzed to compare the performance of the two crawlspace designs. The analysis results indicated that the sealed and insulated crawlspace design is better than the traditional vented crawlspace in the mixed humid climate.
Biswas, Kaushik [ORNL; Christian, Jeffrey E [ORNL; Gehl, Anthony C [ORNL
Generation of an integrated karyotype of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by banding pattern and fluorescent in situ hybridization
To enhance the scientific utility and practical application of the honey bee genome and assign the linkage groups to specific chromosomes, I identified chromosomes and characterized the karyotype of the sequenced strain DH4 of the honey bee. The primary analysis of the karyotype and ideogram construction was based on banding and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for rDNA detection. FISH confirmed two locations for the NOR on telomeric regions of chromosomes 6 and 12 plus an additional less frequent signal on chromosome 1, all three of which were confirmed with silver staining (AgNO3). 4�6-diamidino-2phenylindole (DAPI), and CBanding methods were used to construct the primary ideograms that served as a basis to further identify the chromosomes and locate important structures. The primary map was compared with Giemsa banding, AgNO3-banding, Trypsin banding, and R-banding. The karyotype of the honey bee was established as two metacentric chromosomes (1 and 10), two submetacentric with ribosomal organizer (6 and 12), four submetacentric heterochromatic chromosomes (16, 15, 4 and 13), four euchromatic subtelocentric chromosomes (2, 8, 11 and 14) and four acrocentric chromosomes (3, 5, 7 and 9). In situ nick-translation banding methods were used to verify the heterochromatin distribution. The cytogenetic maps of the honey bee karyotype represented in the ideograms were subsequently used to place 35 mapped BACs (Solignac et. al. 2004) of Solignac�s BAC library. As the BACs hybridized to multiple sites, the mapping was based on strength and frequency of the signals. Location and position of the BACs was compared with those published in the different version of Map Viewer of the NCBI and BeeBase web sites. 10 BACs were confirmed with the last version of Map Viewer V4, 12 BACs were mapped based on high frequency and agreement with the earlier version of Map Viewer. 14 BACs were mapped as confirmed based on moderate frequency of the signal and agreement with the last version of MVV, most of these BACs hits as a secondary signal.
Aquino Perez, Gildardo
Comparing Computer Run Time of Building Simulation Programs
an approach to comparing computer run time of buildingthe purpose of comparing computer run time. Modelers shouldATIONAL L ABORATORY Comparing Computer Run Time of Building
Hong, Tianzhen
Measurement of plutonium in spent nuclear fuel by self-induced x-ray fluorescence
Direct measurement of the plutonium content in spent nuclear fuel is a challenging problem in non-destructive assay. The very high gamma-ray flux from fission product isotopes overwhelms the weaker gamma-ray emissions from plutonium and uranium, making passive gamma-ray measurements impossible. However, the intense fission product radiation is effective at exciting plutonium and uranium atoms, resulting in subsequent fluorescence X-ray emission. K-shell X-rays in the 100 keV energy range can escape the fuel and cladding, providing a direct signal from uranium and plutonium that can be measured with a standard germanium detector. The measured plutonium to uranium elemental ratio can be used to compute the plutonium content of the fuel. The technique can potentially provide a passive, non-destructive assay tool for determining plutonium content in spent fuel. In this paper, we discuss recent non-destructive measurements of plutonium X-ray fluorescence (XRF) signatures from pressurized water reactor spent fuel rods. We also discuss how emerging new technologies, like very high energy resolution microcalorimeter detectors, might be applied to XRF measurements.
Hoover, Andrew S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rudy, Cliff R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tobin, Steve J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Charlton, William S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stafford, A [TEXAS A& M; Strohmeyer, D [TEXAS A& M; Saavadra, S [ORNL
A new post-column reactor-laser induced fluorescence detector for capillary electrophoresis
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), a powerful separation method based on the differential migration of charged species under the influence of an electric field, has been widely used for separations covering from small ions to big biomolecules. Chapter 1 describes the method, then discusses detection of the separated analytes by laser induced fluorescence and by chemical derivatization, and the use of O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) as a post-column reagent. Chapter 2 describes a post-column reactor which uses two narrow bore capillaries connected coaxially. This reactor differs from other coaxial reactors in terms of capillary dimensions, reagent flow control, ease of construction and most importantly, better limits of detection. The derivatization reagent is electroosmotically driven into the reaction capillary and the reagent flow rate is independently controlled by a high voltage power supply. Amino acids, amines and proteins, derivatized by OPA/2-mercaptoethanol using this post-column reactor coupled with LIF detection, show low attomole mass limits of detection, and for the first time, the authors demonstrate single cell capability with a post-column derivatization scheme. The single cell capability shows that this reactor could find applications in assaying non-fluorescent or electrochemically inactive components in individual biological cells in the future.
Zhang Liling
Greatly Enhanced Detectability of Geothermal Tracers Through Laser-Induced Fluorescence
WE have successfully completed a four-year R and D project to greatly reduce the detection limit of fluorescent tracers through the use of emerging laser-excitation, optical fiber, and CCD-spectroscopy technologies. Whereas the efforts over the first two years were directed at demonstrating a reduction in the detection limit of fluorescent compounds by a factor of 100 and at identifying several new fluorescein-derived tracer candidates, our recent efforts were focused primarily on the field demonstration of new tracers having detection limits in the low parts-per-quadrillion range. During the summer of 2001, we initiated field tests at the Dixie Valley, Nevada and at the Beowawe, Nevada geothermal fields using very small quantities of the fluorescein-derivative 6-carboxyfluorescein. Subsequently, we succeeded in measuring sub-part-per-trillion quantities of that candidate tracer at both the Beowawe and Dixie Valley geothermal reservoirs-using approximately 530 g of tracer at each setting. Our studies indicate that we could have observed a breakthrough using only 0.53 g of 6-carboxyfluorescein. This represents a reduction by a factor of 170,000 below the mass of tracer used in a previous tracer test at Beowawe.
Peter Rose; Joel Harris; Phaedra Kilbourn; James Kleimeyer; Troy Carter
Isotopic imaging via nuclear resonance fluorescence with laser-based Thomson radiation
The present invention utilizes novel laser-based, high-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, pencil-beam sources of spectrally pure hard x-ray and gamma-ray radiation to induce resonant scattering in specific nuclei, i.e., nuclear resonance fluorescence. By monitoring such fluorescence as a function of beam position, it is possible to image in either two dimensions or three dimensions, the position and concentration of individual isotopes in a specific material configuration. Such methods of the present invention material identification, spatial resolution of material location and ability to locate and identify materials shielded by other materials, such as, for example, behind a lead wall. The foundation of the present invention is the generation of quasimonochromatic high-energy x-ray (100's of keV) and gamma-ray (greater than about 1 MeV) radiation via the collision of intense laser pulses from relativistic electrons. Such a process as utilized herein, i.e., Thomson scattering or inverse-Compton scattering, produces beams having diameters from about 1 micron to about 100 microns of high-energy photons with a bandwidth of .DELTA.E/E of approximately 10E.sup.-3.
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA); Hartemann, Frederic V. (San Ramon, CA); McNabb, Dennis P. (Alameda, CA); Pruet, Jason A. (Brentwood, CA)
A new optimized fluorescent lamp and ballast for low-energy general lighting applications
A new fluorescent lamp and ballast system has been developed which minimizes system input power while maintaining light output close to values provided by conventional lamps and ballasts. The 28-WT-12 lamp designed for the new system utilizes a redesigned electrode structure which allows the lamp to be started in the rapid start manner but operated in an instant start mode to maximize the discharge efficacy (lumens/watt) while reducing lamp cathode power requirements. A matching two-lamp ballast incorporates a solid-state switching device to turn off the cathode heating circuit automatically once the lamps have started. Both lamps and ballasts are physically interchangeable with conventional equipment so that existing luminaires can be converted without luminaire, lampholder, and wiring modifications. This new lamp/ballast system can achieve efficacy values exceeding 80 lm/W--more than 25 percent better than the performance of conventional fluorescent systems of the early 1970's-along with the excellent life and reliability characteristics typical of electromagnetically ballasted systems. Economic analyses indicate that the new system is appropriate for many new commercial general lighting installations, although it is particularly suitable as a retrofit system for installations where power reductions are essential but where conversion costs must be minimized and illumination levels preserved.
Hammer, E.E.; McGowan, T.K.
Determination of Sulfur in Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Using the Gravimetric Standard Addition Method-II �
Sulfur in petroleum diesel is typically detected by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry by comparing the response of the unknown to a linear calibration curve composed of a series of matrix-identical standards. Because biodiesel contains about 11 % oxygen by mass and diesel is oxygen-free, the determination of sulfur in biodiesel using petroleum diesel calibrants is predicted to be biased ?-16% due to oxygen absorptive attenuation of the X-ray signal. A gravimetric standard addition method (SAM) was hypothesized to overcome this bias because it should be matrix-independent. Samples of both petroleum diesel (SRM 2723a and European Reference Material EF674a) and biodiesel (candidate SRM 2773, NREL 52537, and NREL 52533) were analyzed, comparing the traditional calibration curve method to the gravimetric SAM approach. As expected, no significant difference was found between the two methods when measuring sulfur in petroleum diesel. Sulfur determinations in biodiesel with petroleum diesel calibrants were lower by ?19% relative to the gravimetric SAM at the 3, 7, and 12 �g/g levels. It is concluded that XRF using gravimetric SAM yields accurate sulfur measurements in biodiesel samples. In addition, the gravimetric SAM approach is insensitive to differences in the C/H ratio.
Lydia R. Barker; W. Robert Kelly; William F. Guthrie
Comparative Advantage in Bangladesh Crop Production
This study uses data from 1996/97 through 1998/99 to examine the relative efficiency of production of crops in Bangladesh and their comparative advantage in international trade as measured by net economic profitability (the profitability using economic, rather than financial costs and prices), and the domestic resource cost ratio, (the amount of value of non-tradable domestic resources used in production divided by the value of tradable products). The economic profitability analysis demonstrates that Bangladesh has a comparative advantage in domestic production of rice for import substitution. However, at the export parity price, economic profitability of rice is generally less than economic profitability of many non-rice crops, implying that Bangladesh has more profitable options other than production for rice export. Several non-cereal crops, including vegetables, potatoes and onions have financial and economic returns that are as high as or higher than those of High Yielding Variety (HYV) rice. The relatively minor role in cropping systems of these crops despite their higher returns, can largely be attributed to high price risks associated with marketing, suggesting the need for further development of agro-processing industries, rural infrastructure, and marketing networks. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
Quazi Shahabuddin; Paul Dorosh; Ashok Gulati; K. M. Rahman; M. K. Mujeri
Comparative analysis of selected fuel cell vehicles
Vehicles powered by fuel cells operate more efficiently, more quietly, and more cleanly than internal combustion engines (ICEs). Furthermore, methanol-fueled fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) can utilize major elements of the existing fueling infrastructure of present-day liquid-fueled ICE vehicles (ICEVs). DOE has maintained an active program to stimulate the development and demonstration o fuel cell technologies in conjunction with rechargeable batteries in road vehicles. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the availability of data on FCVs, and to develop a vehicle subsystem structure that can be used to compare both FCVs and ICEV, from a number of perspectives--environmental impacts, energy utilization, materials usage, and life cycle costs. This report focuses on methanol-fueled FCVs fueled by gasoline, methanol, and diesel fuel that are likely to be demonstratable by the year 2000. The comparative analysis presented covers four vehicles--two passenger vehicles and two urban transit buses. The passenger vehicles include an ICEV using either gasoline or methanol and an FCV using methanol. The FCV uses a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, an on-board methanol reformer, mid-term batteries, and an AC motor. The transit bus ICEV was evaluated for both diesel and methanol fuels. The transit bus FCV runs on methanol and uses a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) fuel cell, near-term batteries, a DC motor, and an on-board methanol reformer. 75 refs.
Daylighting Prediction Software: Comparative Analysis and Application
Daylighting is a beneficial design strategy since it may provide energy savings and contribute to a more sustainable design. In recent studies, daylighting has also been shown to increase staff and student productivity and to decrease absenteeism. The consulting engineer is often faced with the dilemma of how to design a daylighted building. What tools are available to predict the amount of daylighting? What are the design limitations and parameters? How much time is required? How does the data compare to the �real world�? The purpose of this paper is to answer these questions and provide useful information for the design of daylighted areas with the assistance of software-based simulation. A survey was made of the available software programs for the calibrated modeling of light scattered in enclosed spaces. These software packages used algorithms based on either total radiosity (flux transfer) computations or physically accurate ray tracing. A summary of this survey along with the selection criteria used in selecting a software program are presented. �Radiance�, a reverse ray tracing method software package, was chosen for use in the simulations. An existing school was modeled with the Radiance software and predictions of daylighting contributions were compared with actual data taken at the site location. The use of daylighting also requires a highly specialized lighting system. This system incorporates the use of controllable ballasts and lighting sensors to maximize the daylighting contribution to the overall required illumination. Some design criteria for this system is also discussed.
Estes, J. M. Jr.; Schreppler, S.; Newsom, T.
Analysis of nuclear materials by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence and spectral effects of alpha decay
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectra collected from alpha emitters are complicated by artifacts inherent to the alpha decay process, particularly when using portable instruments. For example, {sup 239}Pu EDXRF spectra exhibit a prominent uranium L X-ray emission peak series due to sample alpha decay rather than source-induced X-ray fluorescence. A portable EDXRF instrument was used to collect spectra from plutonium, americium, and a Pu-contaminated steel sample. The plutonium sample was also analyzed by wavelength dispersive XRF to demonstrate spectral differences observed when using these very different instruments.
Worley, Christopher G [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Alignment-dependent fluorescence emission induced by tunnel ionization of carbon dioxide from lower-lying orbitals
We show that fluorescence emission induced by strong field tunnel ionization of carbon dioxide from its lower-lying orbitals exhibits a peculiar molecular alignment dependence. The experimentally measured alignment-dependence of the fluorescence agrees with the alignment-dependence of the ionization probability calculated in the framework of the strong field approximation. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of an all-optical approach for shedding more light on the ionization mechanisms of molecules from their lower-lying orbitals in tunnel ionization regime.
Yao, Jinping; Jia, Xinyan; Hao, Xiaolei; Zeng, Bin; Jing, Chenrui; Chu, Wei; Ni, Jielei; Zhang, Haisu; Xie, Hongqiang; Zhang, Chaojin; Zhao, Zengxiu; Chen, Jing; Liu, Xiaojun; Cheng, Ya; Xu, Zhizhan