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Flaxseed in Human Nutrition, 2nd EditionChapter 6 Effects of Flaxseed on Sex Hormone Metabolism
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Flaxseed in Human Nutrition, 2nd Edition Chapter 6 Effects of Flaxseed on Sex Hormone Metabolism Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press Do
Minute Effects of Sex on the Aging Brain: A Multisample Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Age is associated with substantial macrostructural brain changes. While some recent magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported larger age effects in men than women, others find no sex differences. As brain morphometry ...
Fjell, Anders M.
Sex education for the mentally handicapped
What will happen if sex education programs are presented to our ... effect of sex education on mentally handicapped individuals? .... Higher level films, on the.
Sexing Swans
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Sexing Swans Sexing Swans Name: RON Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: We live on the chesapeake bay, For the past 3 weeks we have a beautiful white swan at or pier every nite. The largest bird I have ever been that close to. He waits for me to come out and feed him after dinner.We have raised a couple of baby ducks and releised them. My wife and I are fighting over a name. (male or female) I say he is a male because of his personalty. that really pis--- her off.can you tell me for real how we can tell. P.S. please excuse my spelling and launage. I am not a computer person ,just happen to have one and am trying to learn how to use it. I can,t type either. Replies: There is no easy way visually to tell male from female swans, behavior within the pair would be about the only clue you could get by observing the birds in the wild
The Effect of Environmental Contaminants on Mating Dynamics and Population Viability in a Sex-Role-Reversed Pipefish
Understanding how anthropogenic activity impacts the health and viability of wildlife populations is one of the most important tasks of environmental biology. A key concern related to bi-products of human activity is the accumulation of environmental pollutants within aquatic environments. Pollutants such as endocrine disruptors and heavy metals have the potential to impact both human and wildlife populations in contaminated areas. While much research has focused on how these compounds impact natural selection processes, such as viability and reproduction, their effect on sexual selection processes is not as clear. The goal of this dissertation was to address how environmental contaminants impact sexual selection processes in a sex-role reversed pipefish and evaluate how these effects may impact long-term population viability. Here we show that short periods of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of a synthetic estrogen result in male pipefish with female-like secondary sexual traits. While these males are capable of reproduction, exposed males are discriminated against by females in mate choice tests. In natural populations, this type of discrimination could reduce male mating opportunities, potentially reducing their reproductive success. In an additional component of this dissertation, it was discovered that pipefish populations around Mobile Bay, specifically Weeks Bay, are currently being exposed to significantly elevated levels of mercury. These populations are genetically distinct from coastal populations but moderate levels of gene flow occur among sites, and gene flow between contaminated and non-contaminated population may be influencing how environmental contaminants are impacting genetic diversity and population viability. In the case of endocrine disruptors, migration between contaminated and non-contaminated sites may negatively impact population viability. Morphological traits induced with exposure to contaminants may be maintained for extended periods of time, therefore, the effect the exposed phenotype has on mating dynamics and sexual selection could be carried to non-contaminated sites if exposed individuals move to new populations. On the other hand, immigration of individuals from non-contaminated sites into contaminated areas may help maintain genetic diversity within exposed populations. In conclusion, the work presented in this dissertation shows that the presence of environmental toxins can significantly impact sexual selection processes, which in turn can have profound effects on the viability and future evolutionary trajectory of populations. Future work in this area should not only address how these toxins impact individual fitness, but should also address how population structure may be influencing the severity of these compounds on natural populations.
Partridge, Charlyn G.
Use of various acute, sublethal and early life-stage tests to evaluate the toxicity of refinery effluents
The toxicities of effluents from three Ontario, Canada, refineries were assessed with microbes, plants, invertebrates, and fish. Acute toxicity was assessed by the Microtox test, an assay based on electron transport activity in submitochondrial particles, and Daphnia magna (water flea); growth of Selenastrum capricornutum (alga); growth of Lemna minor (aquatic plant); germination of Lactuca sativa (nonaquatic plant); survival, growth, and maturation of Panagrellus redivivus (nematode); and genotoxicity in the SOS-Chromotest. Only the Microtox test and the submitochondrial particle test detected acute toxicity in the effluent samples. Reduced survival and sublethal responses were caused by some effluents, but not all effluents were toxic, and none caused a response in all of the tests applied. The results suggest that the effluent treatment systems used at Ontario refineries have largely eliminated acute toxicity to the organisms in their test battery. Although reduced survival and sublethal effects were detected in some of the effluents, the effects were minor. Some of the tests provided evidence, albeit weak, of variations in the responses of the test organisms to a temporal series of effluent samples. Not unexpectedly, there were also minor differences in the responses of the tests to effluents from the three refineries. The fathead minnow test seems to be a sensitive indicator of the sublethal toxicity of Ontario refinery effluents.
Sherry, J.; Scott, B.; Dutka, B. [National Water Research Inst., Burlington, Ontario (Canada)
Prenatal versus postnatal sex steroid hormone effects on autistic traits in children at 18 to 24 months of age
SHORT REPORT T an important clue to the etiology of the condition, the development of ASC. This includes the finding that Auyeung et al. Molecular Autism 2012, 3:17 http://www.molecularautism.com/content/3/1/17This second peak may play a significant... role in physicalDouglas House, 18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UKFull list of author information is available at the end of the articlethough the true sex ratio in ASC is unclear given the known difficulties in the diagnosis of ASC in females [2...
Auyeung, Bonnie; Ahluwalia, Jag; Thomson, Lynn; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; O�Donnell, Kieran J; Baron-Cohen, Simon
Choosing Sex Type
so it is not a form of genetic engineering. The only way it can be used to affect the gender of the fetus is to determine the sex of the fetus by testing the cells obtained by...
Frogs that change sex
Frogs that change sex Frogs that change sex Name: Mike A Smola Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why can frogs (some species) change sex? Replies: This is a complex subject. Several studies have exposed some of the answers to this question, but a definitive answer is yet to be made. It all boils down to the level of which genes are activated. Studies have shown that the sex chromosomes are not necessarily the determining factor. The traditional display of a female is when an individual has two X chromosomes present. When one of these genes is a Y, it is a male. This tends to be the case for most organisms that sport individuals that are different sexes. However, the Y chromosomes has been almost always a male determining chromosome, but with molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques, a male can be made from a XX combination and females have developed from XY combinations. These are extremely rare, but they have given insight to the fact that there are other factors beside X and Y chromosomes that determine sex, probably a gene found in both chromosomes.
Occult Sex as a Conversational Resource
CSW Occult Sex as a MAR10 Talking about Popobawa in Zanzibarcontinued on page 6 S toc Occult Sex, continued from page 1changed. CSW MAR10 update Occult sex is the only type of
Daly Thompson, Katrina
Taboo Sex Research: Thinking Outside the Box
bedroom: A history of sex research. New York: Basic Books.Routledge. Foreword: Taboo Sex Research xv Kinsey Institute.defund-political-science-research-save- tuition-assistance-
Tsang, Daniel C
Same Sex and Different Sex Couples in the American Community Survey: 2005-2011
in same-sex couples are disabled and approximately one infive same-sex couples include a disabled spouse or partner.and different-sex couples are disabled. Nearly one in five
Gates, Gary J.
IN a previous study on sex chromatin in human tumours (Atkin, 1960), one tumour (a carcinoma of the colon in a female patient) was described in which the most frequently-occurring number of sex chromatin bodies per nucleus was three. One of a series of 328 carcinomas of the cervix in a later study (Atkin, 1964) was also characterised by the presence of triple sex chromatin. In the present paper, two further tumours with triple sex chromatin, a carcinoma of the colon and a carcinoma of the cervix, will be described, and sex chromatin data on all malignant tumours, except teratomas, studied in this laboratory will be summarised. The significance of triple sex chromatin and other sex chromatin anomalies (i.e. absence or duplication) in tumours of females will be discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS For sex chromatin determination squash preparations of pieces of tumour, stained in 2 % aceto-orcein (G. T. Gurr Ltd.) following fixation in acetic alcohol, were used. The preparations were sealed with a mixture of equal parts of Canada balsam and paraffin wax applied with a hot wire (attempts to make the preparations
N. B. Atkin
Book Review Sex Allocation. Stuart West.
Book Review Sex Allocation. Stuart West. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009. xii þ 466 offspring. This vast literature is now elegantly sum- marized and synthesized in Stuart West's book entitled, as evident in this book, has a commanding grasp of the large body of theoretical and empirical work
West, Stuart
speaker = 1017, sex = F, conversation-sides = 20299B ...
... sex = F, conversation-sides = 30368B 30417B 30742A 30996A 31149B 31230A 31303A 31625A 31645B 32355B 32596B speaker = 4982, sex = F ...
or their account to any unaffiliated company, group, or individual without our Customer's permission. Our SecurityDEPENDENT CHILD NAME (LAST) (FIRST) (M.I.) SUFFIX SEX MALE FEMALE SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER BIRTH DATE SECURITY NUMBER BIRTH DATE FULL-TIME HIRE DATE COVERAGE EFFECTIVE DATE STATUS Active COBRA Retiree
Reynolds, Albert C.
Panel Review: "After the Sex Wars: Pornography and Feminism"
reached beyond the anti-porn/sex-positive dichotomy tonoticeably absent within queer porn. Instead of a clear orColor, Hypersexuality, and Porn. � Opening her presentation,
Sangwand, T-Kay
Sexual interactions: why we should talk about sex in HCI
Within the CHI community there is growing interest in moving beyond cognition and expanding into the social, emotional, and bodily aspects of the human-computer experience. Sexuality Sex lies at the intersection of these concerns, and indeed outside ... Keywords: human relations, intimacy, online communities, pornography, sex, sexuality
Johanna Brewer; Joseph 'Jofish' Kaye; Amanda Williams; Susan Wyche
Johnny Walks to School - Does Jane? Sex Differences in Children's Active Travel to School
Johnny Walks to School�Does Jane? Sex Differences� Osborne,at Johnny Walks to School�Does Jane? Sex Differences� theBehavior Johnny Walks to School�Does Jane? Sex Differences�
McMillan, Tracy; Day, Kristen; Boarnet, Marlon; Alfonzo, Mariela; Anderson, Craig
A SEXUAL dimorphism in resting nuclei has been described for man and monkey among the primates, and for several species of the orders Carnivora and Artiodactyla. It is based on the presence of a special chromocentre, known as the sex chromatin, in the nuclei of females. Graham and Barr (1952) suggested that the sex chromatin may represent heterochromatic regions of the two X-chromosomes that adhere to each other. This hypothesis is strengthened by the meticulous study of chromocentres in epidermal cell nuclei by Sachs and Danon (1956). The literature pertaining to the sex chromatin and its clinical application in anomalies of sex development has been ably reviewed by Lennox (1956), Davidson and Smith (1956) and Nelson (1956). Several reports have appeared that deal with the sex chromatin of tumour cells and these will be referred to later in the paper. The observations recorded in the present report are a sequel to the study of sex characteristics in nuclei of benign tumours, where the nuclei were found to be like those of normal tissues (Moore and Barr, 1955).
K. L. Moore; M. L. Barr
Same-Sex Couples and Same-Sex Couples Raising Children in California: Data from Census 2000
non-citizens, and/or disabled than parents in marriedin same-sex couples are disabled, 20% of individualsin married couples are disabled. 9 May 2004 Table 2:
Sears, Brad; Badgett, M.V. Lee
Family Structure, Marital Fertility and Premarital Sex among Married and Never-Married Women in Contemporary China
According to Chinese traditions, patrilocal residence is believed to be linked with early and high marital fertility. However, despite the rapid fertility decline and the enormous social and economic changes that have occurred in recent years in China, research still shows that family structure in China is relatively stable compared to western countries. This dissertation investigates the effects of family structure on fertility in contemporary China. This dissertation had two main objectives: first, to examine the effects of family structure on the marital fertility of married women; and second, to better understand the effects of family structure on the premarital fertility by examining the effects of family structure on premarital sex of never-married women. This dissertation utilizes data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the Chinese Health and Family Life Survey. Logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazards model are used to to estimate the the effects of family structure on marital fertility and premarital sex. The major finding in this dissertation shows that patrilocal residence has been well preserved in contemporary china. After controlling for relevant factors, co-residence or quasi-coresidence with parents-in-law significantly accelerates the transition from marriage to first birth, and promotes a desire for more children. However, second births are significantly impacted by factors associated with socioeconomic status and family planning policy other than family structure. This dissertation also confirmed the effects of family structure on premarital sex in terms of behavior, but not in terms of attitudes. After controlling for relevant factors, co-residence with parents significantly decreased the odds of engaging in premarital sex.
He, Lei 1984-
The Impact of Washington's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry
Act of 2003). 36 In Vermont, 1,933 same-sex coupleswere available. Based on Vermont�s experience with same-sexJersey, 5 New Mexico, 6 and Vermont. 7 The full methodology
Badgett, M.V. Lee; Sears, Brad; Kukura, Elizabeth; Lau, Holning S.
The Economic Impact of Extending Marriage to Same-Sex Couples in the District of Columbia
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex Couples102,639). See Cindy Chooley, Vermont Department of Health.for same-sex couples in Vermont, 2,435). Gates, Gary J. ,
Ramos, Christopher; Badgett, M V Lee; Sears, Brad
The Economic Impact of Extending Marriage to Same-Sex Couples in Maine
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex Couplesfor same-sex couples in Vermont, 2,435). Gates, Gary J. ,Council. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnership
Ramos, Christopher; Badgett, M.V. Lee; Sears, Brad
Black Same-Sex Couples in California: Data from Census 2000
Households included in black households had a householderwho identified as an black. Seventy-eight percentsame-sex couples that include an black had an black as the
Gates, Gary; Sears, Brad
Postcolonial Approaches to Portrayals of Dutch and Migrant Window Sex Workers.
??In this thesis, I examine the portrayals of Dutch and migrant window sex workers and analyze how such portrayals are often in contradiction with the� (more)
M��tt�, A.
Unbiased, Genome-Wide In Vivo Mapping of Transcriptional Regulatory Elements Reveals Sex Differences in Chromatin Structure Associated with Sex-Specific Liver Gene Expression
We have used a simple and efficient method to identify condition-specific transcriptional regulatory sites in vivo to help elucidate the molecular basis of sex-related differences in transcription, which are widespread in ...
Ling, Guoyu
Sex ratio and mate preferences: A cross-cultural investigation EMILY A. STONE1*, TODD K. SHACKELFORD1
. SHACKELFORD1 AND DAVID M. BUSS2 1 Florida Atlantic University, USA 2 The University of Texas, USA Abstract Sex
Pillow, Jonathan
Molecular Studies in Horses with SRY-Positive XY Sex Reversal
Sex determination in mammals is regulated by the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY); the presence of SRY activates the male developmental pathway and suppresses the gene network necessary for female gonad development. Mutations in sex determination genes lead to various abnormal sexual phenotypes, including sex reversal syndrome in which the genetic and phenotypic sex do not match. Sex reversal syndrome has been reported in humans, mouse, and several domestic species. In horses, SRY-negative XY sex reversal syndrome has been well described and is caused by deletions on the Y chromosome. However, the molecular causes of the SRY-positive condition in horses and other mammals are not known. This research investigated five horses affected with SRY-positive XY sex reversal syndrome. Sequencing of the coding exon region of the SRY gene in the five cases showed 99-100% alignment with the sequences of normal males. Genotyping of two closely related individuals with 46 normal male controls on an equine SNP50 Beadchip identified two statistically significant SNPs in a ~16 Mb region on the long arm of horse chromosome 3 (ECA3q). The region was analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci (GRAIL) to select functionally relevant candidate genes for sequencing. Further analysis of the entire horse genome was done through array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), which investigated possible structural rearrangements, such as copy number variants (CNVs). Deletions of olfactory receptor genes were detected on multiple chromosomes and confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). A homozygous deletion on ECA29 in a region containing genes of the aldo-keto reductase gene family, known to play a role in interconverting sex hormones between active forms and inactive forms, was discovered in two sex reversed animals. The findings were confirmed through qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and experiments to define the specific breakpoints of the deletion through PCR have been initiated. This research represents the first systematic search in the horse genome for mutations and CNVs related to sex determination. The findings contribute to better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in horses and other mammals, including humans.
Fang, Erica
The Economic Impact of Extending Marriage to Same-Sex Couples in Vermont
March 2008). A copy of a Vermont marriage license costs $10.00. Vermont Department of Health. http://Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex Couples
The Impact on Iowa's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry
See Iowa Code. 2007. � 598. Vermont has recorded 7,800 civilof which 1,234 involved Vermont residents. In this same timeImpact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex Couples
Badgett, M.V. Lee; Baumle, Amanda K; Romero, Adam P.; Sears, Brad
The Impact on Maine's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex CouplesCouncil. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnershipCouncil. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnership
Ramos, Christopher; Badgett, M.V. Lee; Steinberger, Michael D; Sears, Brad
Marriage, Registration and Dissolution by Same-Sex Couples in the US
P.L.2006, c.103 C.2A.34-8; Vermont: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 15,reciprocal beneficiary); Vermont: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 15, �sex couples traveled to Vermont for civil unions (the only
Gates, Gary J; Badgett, M.V. Lee; Ho, Deborah
Same-Sex Spouses and Unmarried Partners in the American Community Survey, 2008
first among all states. Vermont, which has offered civil6 and 8 , respectively. Vermont, which has permitted civilCalifornia New York Colorado Vermont Delaware Rank Same-sex
Gates, Gary
The Impact on Maryland's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex Couples2002. Report of the Vermont Civil Union Review Commission .of Legislative Council, Vermont, supra note 12. Office of
Badgett, M.V. Lee; Baumle, Amanda K; Kravich, Shawn; Romero, Adam P.; Sears, Brad
The Impact on California's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry
LaCroix and James Mak). For an analysis of Vermont: M. V.the State of May 2004 Vermont of Allowing Same-sex Coupleson the experience of Vermont�s civil union legislation,
The Impact of Extending Marriage to Same-Sex Couples on the New Jersey Budget
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex CouplesCouncil. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnership21,956). See Cindy Chooley, Vermont Department of Health.
The Impact of Extending Marriage to Same-Sex Couples on the California Budget
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex CouplesCouncil. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnershipNew Jersey, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maryland, and Iowa. The
Sears, Brad; Ramos, Christopher; Badgett, M V Lee
The Impact on Oregon's Budget of Introducing Same-Sex Domestic Parternships
Impact on the State of Vermont of Allowing Same-Sex CouplesCouncil. 2002. Report of the Vermont Domestic partnership6 New Jersey, 7 and Vermont. 8 The full methodology for our
Badgett, M.V. Lee; Sears, Brad; Kukura, Elizabeth; Lau, Holning
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE HUMAN CONNECTOME: 4-TESLA HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION DIFFUSION IMAGING (HARDI diffusion imaging at 4 Tesla, we scanned 234 young adult twins and siblings (mean age: 23.4 ± 2.0 SD years
Thompson, Paul
The Impact on the New Mexico Budget of Offering Domestic Partnerships to Same-Sex Couples
same-sex couples in New Mexico who choose to celebrate theirThe Impact on the New Mexico Budget of Offering DomesticCommittee of the New Mexico Senate Presented by Professor
Sears, Brad
Sex-dependent Differences in Intestinal Tumorigenesis Induced in Apc1638N/+ Mice by Exposure to {gamma} Rays
SciTech Connect
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of 1 and 5 Gy radiation doses and to investigate the interplay of gender and radiation with regard to intestinal tumorigenesis in an adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutant mouse model. Methods and Materials: Apc1638N/+ female and male mice were exposed whole body to either 1 Gy or 5 Gy of {gamma} rays and euthanized when most of the treated mice became moribund. Small and large intestines were processed to determine tumor burden, distribution, and grade. Expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and estrogen receptor (ER)-{alpha} were also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: We observed that, with both 1 Gy and 5 Gy of {gamma} rays, females displayed reduced susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis compared with males. As for radiation effect on small intestinal tumor progression, although no substantial differences were found in the relative frequency and degree of dysplasia of adenomas in irradiated animals compared with controls, invasive carcinomas were found in 1-Gy- and 5-Gy-irradiated animals. Radiation exposure was also shown to induce an increase in protein levels of proliferation marker Ki-67 and sex-hormone receptor ER-{alpha} in both non tumor mucosa and intestinal tumors from irradiated male mice. Conclusions: We observed important sex-dependent differences in susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc1638N/+ mutants. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that exposure to radiation doses as low as 1 Gy can induce a significant increase in intestinal tumor multiplicity as well as enhance tumor progression in vivo.
Trani, Daniela [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States) [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, University of Maastricht (Netherlands); Moon, Bo-Hyun [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States) [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Kallakury, Bhaskar; Hartmann, Dan P. [Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States)] [Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Datta, Kamal [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States) [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Fornace, Albert J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (United States); Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
Internet use and online social support among same sex attracted individuals of different ages
The current research addressed age differences in internet use among Same Sex Attracted (SSA) individuals. In general, online communities are found to be a source of social support, especially for minority group members. However, it is unclear whether ... Keywords: Age differences, Coming out, Online communities, Online profiles, Sexual minorities, Social support
L. Baams; K. J. Jonas; S. Utz; H. M. W. Bos; L. van der Vuurst
Sex, Violence and Crime: Foucault and the �Man� Question: Adrian Howe. Routledge-Cavendish, Abingdon, Oxfordshire UK. 2008, ISBN 978-1-904385-10-3, 238 pages, US$59.95 (Paperback)
BOOK REVIEW Sex, Violence and Crime: Foucault and the �Man�In Sex, Violence and Crime, Adrian Howe uses discourseAs a result, Sex, Violence and Crime reads like a series of
Williams, Monica
Comparative analysis of sex chromosomes in Leporinus species (Teleostei, Characiformes) using chromosome painting
pelleted and resuspended three times in fresh ice cold fixative (3:1 methanol:acetic acid), then kept at ?20�C until use. The chromosomes of other Anostomidae species (L. friderici, L. striatus, L. lacustris, Schizodon borelii and S. isognathus) were... . latipes. Genetics 2007, 175:1335�1340. 29. Henning F, Moys�s CB, Calcagnotto D, Meyer A, Almeida-Toledo LF: Independent fusions and recent origins of sex chromosomes in the evolution and diversification of glass knife fishes (Eigenmannia). Heredity 2011...
Parise-Maltempi, Patr�cia P; da Silva, Edson L; Rens, Willem; Dearden, Frances; O�Brien, Patricia CM; Trifonov, Vladimir; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A
SUMMARY.-The presence of sex chromatin in a metastatic malignant melanoma from a male patient aged 26 who showed no evidence of any constitutional chromosome anomaly is described. A possible association between the apparently " female " origin of the tumour and the good response to therapy is considered. TU.'%1OTJRS of males, apart from teratomas, do not generally show sex chromatin (Tavares,.11.466; Atkin, 1967). We found only one chromatin-positive tumour among 311 non-teratomatous malignant tumours studied by a squash techiiique; this was an oesophageal carcinoma in a patient aged 71 who proved to be an unsuspected case of Klinefelter's syndrome with a 47,XXY karyotype (Atkin and Baker, 1965). The present tumour shows the appearances of sex chromatin in the tumour cells, but studies on the patient's normal cells have revealed no evidence of a constitutional chromosome anomaly. The case is also notable for the good outcome of treatment; the patient is well 41 years after removal of the primary tumour
Sociodemographic and drug use characteristics, sex behaviors, and motivations for drug use among HIV- seronegative, heterosexual, methamphetamine users in San Diego, CA.
??Background : Despite the recent attention in the literature and the media regarding methamphetamine (MA) abuse, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM),� (more)
Cheng, Wei-Woon Susan
La diff�rence entre la r�ussite des gar�ons et des filles � l'�cole : repr�sentations de sexe, solutions et pratiques �ducatives des enseignant.e.s du secondaire .
??Dans cette th�se de ma�trise, nous avons tent� de r�pondre � la question de recherche suivante : quelles sont les repr�sentations de sexe que les� (more)
Grenier, V�ronique
Mono-hydroxy methoxychlor alters levels of key sex steroids and steroidogenic enzymes in cultured mouse antral follicles
Methoxychlor (MXC) is an organochlorine pesticide that reduces fertility in female rodents by decreasing antral follicle numbers and increasing follicular death. MXC is metabolized in the body to mono-hydroxy MXC (mono-OH). Little is known about the effects of mono-OH on the ovary. Thus, this work tested the hypothesis that mono-OH exposure decreases production of 17{beta}-estradiol (E{sub 2}) by cultured mouse antral follicles. Antral follicles were isolated from CD-1 mice (age 35-39 days) and exposed to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or mono-OH (0.1-10 {mu}g/mL) for 96 h. Media and follicles were collected for analysis of sex steroid levels and mRNA expression, respectively. Mono-OH treatment (10 {mu}g/mL) decreased E{sub 2} (DMSO: 3009.72 {+-} 744.99 ng/mL; mono-OH 0.1 {mu}g/mL: 1679.66 {+-} 461.99 ng/mL; 1 {mu}g/mL: 1752.72 {+-} 532.41 ng/mL; 10 {mu}g/mL: 45.89 {+-} 33.83 ng/mL), testosterone (DMSO: 15.43 {+-} 2.86 ng/mL; mono-OH 0.1 {mu}g/mL: 17.17 {+-} 4.71 ng/mL; 1 {mu}g/mL: 13.64 {+-} 3.53 ng/mL; 10 {mu}g/mL: 1.29 {+-} 0.23 ng/mL), androstenedione (DMSO: 1.92 {+-} 0.34 ng/mL; mono-OH 0.1 {mu}g/mL: 1.49 {+-} 0.43 ng/mL; 1 {mu}g/mL: 0.64 {+-} 0.31 ng/mL; 10 {mu}g/mL: 0.12 {+-} 0.06 ng/mL) and progesterone (DMSO: 24.11 {+-} 4.21 ng/mL; mono-OH 0.1 {mu}g/mL: 26.77 {+-} 4.41 ng/mL; 1 {mu}g/mL: 20.90 {+-} 3.75 ng/mL; 10 {mu}g/mL: 9.44 {+-} 2.97 ng/mL) levels. Mono-OH did not alter expression of Star, Hsd3b1, Hsd17b1 and Cyp1b1, but it did reduce levels of Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1 mRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that mono-OH significantly decreases levels of key sex steroid hormones and the expression of enzymes required for steroidogenesis.
Craig, Zelieann R., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); Leslie, Traci C., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); Hatfield, Kimberly P., E-mail: email@example.com [Program in Toxicology and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 (United States); Gupta, Rupesh K., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States); Flaws, Jodi A., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
City-effects in the atomic bomb survivors data
It was investigated how risk estimates derived from the RERF life span study data sets for cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, differ between the two cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the two sexes. This was done by estimating the excess risk ... Keywords: Absolute risk, Atomic bomb survivors, Relative biological effectiveness of neutorons., Relative risk
W. F. Heidenreich; H. G. Paretzke
On December 22, 2008, a dike containing fly ash and bottom ash in an 84-acre complex of the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Kingston Steam Plant in East Tennessee failed and released a large quantity of ash into the adjacent Emory River. Ash deposits extended as far as 4 miles upstream (Emory River mile 6) of the Plant, and some ash was carried as far downstream as Tennessee River mile 564 ({approx}4 miles downstream of the Tennessee River confluence with the Clinch River). A byproduct of coal burning power plants, fly ash contains a variety of metals and other elements which, at sufficient concentrations and in specific forms, can be toxic to biological systems. The effects of fly ash contamination on exposed fish populations depend on the magnitude and duration of exposure, with the most significant risk considered to be the effects of specific ash constituents, especially selenium, on fish early life stages. Uptake by adult female fish of fly ash constituents through the food chain and subsequent maternal transfer of contaminants to the developing eggs is thought to be the primary route of selenium exposure to larval fish (Woock and others 1987, Coyle and others 1993, Lemly 1999, Moscatello and others 2006), but direct contact of the fertilized eggs and developing embryos to ash constituents in river water and sediments is also a potential risk factor (Woock and others 1987, Coyle and others 1993, Jezierska and others 2009). To address the risk of fly ash from the Kingston spill to the reproductive health of downstream fish populations, ORNL has undertaken a series of studies in collaboration with TVA including: (1) a field study of the bioaccumulation of fly ash constituents in fish ovaries and the reproductive condition of sentinel fish species in reaches of the Emory and Clinch Rivers affected by the fly ash spill; (2) laboratory tests of the potential toxicity of fly ash from the spill area on fish embryonic and larval development (reported in the current technical manuscript); (3) additional laboratory experimentation focused on the potential effects of long-term exposures to fly ash on fish survival and reproductive competence; and (4) a combined field and laboratory study examining the in vitro developmental success of embryos and larvae obtained from fish exposed in vivo for over two years to fly ash in the Emory and Clinch Rivers. These fish reproduction and early life-stage studies are being conducted in conjunction with a broader biological monitoring program administered by TVA that includes a field study of the condition of larval fish in the Emory and Clinch Rivers along with assessments of water quality, sediment composition, ecotoxicological studies, terrestrial wildlife studies, and human and ecological risk assessment. Information and data generated from these studies will provide direct input into risk assessment efforts and will also complement and help support other phases of the overall biomonitoring program. Fish eggs, in general, are known to be capable of concentrating heavy metals and other environmental contaminants from water-borne exposures during embryonic development (Jezierska and others 2009), and fathead minnow embryos in particular have been shown to concentrate methylmercury (Devlin 2006) as well as other chemical toxicants. This technical report focuses on the responses of fathead minnow embryos to simple contact exposures to fly ash in laboratory toxicity tests adapted from a standard fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 7-d embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity test (method 1001.0 in EPA 2002) with mortality, hatching success, and the incidences of developmental abnormalities as measured endpoints.
Greeley Jr, Mark Stephen [ORNL; Elmore, Logan R [ORNL; McCracken, Kitty [ORNL
Altered microRNA expression patterns in irradiated hematopoietic tissues suggest a sex-specific protective mechanism
To investigate involvement of miRNAs in radiation responses we used microRNAome profiling to analyze the sex-specific response of radiation sensitive hematopoietic lymphoid tissues. We show that radiation exposure resulted in a significant and sex-specific deregulation of microRNA expression in murine spleen and thymus tissues. Among the regulated miRNAs, we found that changes in expression of miR-34a and miR-7 may be involved in important protective mechanisms counteracting radiation cytotoxicity. We observed a significant increase in the expression of tumor-suppressor miR-34a, paralleled by a decrease in the expression of its target oncogenes NOTCH1, MYC, E2F3 and cyclin D1. Additionally, we show that miR-7 targets the lymphoid-specific helicase LSH, a pivotal regulator of DNA methylation and genome stability. While miR-7 was significantly down-regulated LSH was significantly up-regulated. These cellular changes may constitute an attempt to counteract radiation-induced hypomethylation. Tissue specificity of miRNA responses and possible regulation of miRNA expression upon irradiation are discussed.
Ilnytskyy, Yaroslav; Zemp, Franz J.; Koturbash, Igor [Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., T1K 3M4 (Canada); Kovalchuk, Olga [Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., T1K 3M4 (Canada)], E-mail: email@example.com
Grammatical gender effects on cognition: Implications for language learning and language use
In 4 experiments, the authors addressed the mechanisms by which grammatical gender (in Italian and German) may come to affect meaning. In Experiments 1 (similarity judgments) and 2 (semantic substitution errors), the authors found Italian gender effects for animals but not for artifacts; Experiment 3 revealed no comparable effects in German. These results suggest that gender effects arise as a generalization from an established association between gender of nouns and sex of human referents, extending to nouns referring to sexuated entities. Across languages, such effects are found when the language allows for easy mapping between gender of nouns and sex of human referents (Italian) but not when the mapping is less transparent (German). A final experiment provided further constraints: These effects during processing arise at a lexical�semantic level rather than at a conceptual level.
Gabriella Vigliocco; David P. Vinson; Federica Paganelli; Katharina Dworzynski
When sex, drugs, and violence enter the classroom: Conversations between adolescents and a female pedagogical agent
In this article, we investigate the discourse between a female conversational pedagogical agent and 59 adolescents in the context of a social studies lesson. We note that previous pedagogical agent research has focused on the positive effects of agents, ... Keywords: Agent abuse, Agent misuse, Computer-mediated discourse analysis, Conversational agents, Pedagogical agents, Social studies
George Veletsianos; Cassandra Scharber; Aaron Doering
10/17/2007 01:21 PMSpiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict among parasitoid wasps Page 1 of 2http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie/bericht-82174.html
10/17/2007 01:21 PMSpiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict among parasitoid wasps Page 1 of 2http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie Midge Insect Wings Home Fachgebiete Biowissenschaften Chemie Nachricht Spiteful soldiers and sex ratio Biowissenschaften Chemie Energie und Elektrotechnik Geowissenschaften Gesellschaftswissenschaften
Conspecific and Interspecific Interactions Between the FEM-2 and the FEM-3 Sex-Determining Proteins Despite Rapid Sequence Divergence
Abstract. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, we isolated the Caenorhabditis remanei orthologue of the C. elegans sex-determining phosphatase gene fem-2 as well as two other protein phosphatase homologues. Despite the significant sequence divergence between C. elegans and C. remanei FEM-2, we used RNAi-mediated gene knockdown to demonstrate that at least some aspects of male development require FEM-2 function in C. remanei. Consistent with this functional conservation, the conspecific interaction between the FEM-2 and the FEM-3 proteins observed in C. elegans also occurs in C. remanei. To further explore whether the rapid evolution of FEM-2 and FEM-3 affects their molecular interactions, we tested for cross-species interactions between the proteins from C. elegans, C. briggsae, and C. remanei. Although all FEM-2/FEM-3 pairs from a single species interact, only two out of six interspecific pairs bind each other, showing that FEM-2 and FEM-3 are coevolving. Both interspecific interactions involved C. briggsae FEM-3. We constructed chimeric versions of FEM-2 consisting of various combinations of the C. elegans and C. remanei proteins. C. briggsae FEM-3 interacted with all the chimeras, even those that did not interact with either C. elegans or C. remanei FEM-3. We hypothesize that the promiscuity of C. briggsae FEM-3 reflects an increased reliance on evolutionarily constrained regions of FEM-2 for binding. If so, our data support the notion that the Correspondence to: David Pilgrim;
Paul Stothard; David Pilgrim
Sex and Gender
Investigating ethnic and gender identities as expressed onYork: Routledge. 2010 Gender in ancient Egypt. In EgyptianCompton et al. 1997 Women and gender in ancient Egypt: From
Sweeney, Deborah
Parties, Money, and Sex
Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard MarthaRainville running for Vermont�s at-large district has beenthe state primary election, Vermont Republican leaders have
Burrell, Barbara
White House, twice as much money as the number two senate$2million dollars of her own money. EMILY�s List was rankedraise enormous amounts of money to serve in a position that
The Dignity of Sex
counted as a member of the Volk-community was a person of 'honor to the en- tire German Volk was seductive to ordinaryas a member of the German Volk-community. We can understand
Adler, Libby
The effects of size-selective harvesting on the population biology and ecology of a sex-changing limpet species, Lottia gigantea
of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166:1-17. Moreno,Coast. Environmental Biology of Fishes 77:51-61. Lindberg,intertidal zones. Marine Biology 150:399-413. Savage, V.
Fenberg, Phillip Benjamin
University Press, Cambridge. Hockey, P. A. R. 1987. TheConservation 39:49-62. Hockey, P. A. R. , and G. M. Branch.Africa (Moreno et al. 1984; Hockey 1987; Godoy & Moreno
Latinas in the city: a discussion of how young Mexican women identify and engage with Sex and the City
Globalization trends and treaties, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), have increased the access and flow of United States media and popular culture products in Mexico. Limited research has been done examining the exposure of Mexican audiences to U.S. media products and the possibility of mass media�s impact on Mexican cultural identity. This qualitative study examines how twenty college-educated Mexican women identify and engage with the transnational popular culture text of Sex and the City (SATC). A multi-disciplinary theoretical approach, mainly from cultural studies and media studies, provides the backbone for my study of a foreign audience�s identification and engagement with a U.S. popular culture text. Thematic categorization of my interview data showed that genre, gender, class and location all played a role in the media engagement process. SATC enabled these twenty women to examine their lived experiences in Mexican society and be exposed to alternative viewpoints. The women interviewed were active audience members that discussed their experiences as college-educated, career driven women associated with modernity but living in the traditional, patriarchal society of Mexico. The women interviewed preferred watching television from other countries, such as the U.S., because it resonated with their lived experiences more than the telenovelas, which are the most common form of television programming in Latin America. In terms of discussing the representation of women on SATC, women talked about the gender roles, myths and structural forces of Mexican society to engage in resistive pleasure and to talk about gender politics. For these Mexican women, discussing SATC allowed them to express concerns over the representation of women in telenovelas, the importance of having alternative viewpoints available to women, and the experiences that have allowed them to foster spaces for change based on SATC�s content and characters. While factors, such as education, socioeconomics and geographic location framed the respondent comments, SATC was a source of strategic knowledge and cultural capital for women to open up new discussions with friends and family, new ways of looking and living out their sexuality, and ideas of the female body.
Cantu, Elizabeth Angelica
From International Idea to Domestic Policy: Explaining the Emergence of Same-Sex Partnership Recognition in Argentina and Brazil
Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil. Ann Arbor: University ofParties and Governability in Brazil," in Party Politics in2008. "The Pope's Visit to Brazil: Context and Effects," SPW
Schulenberg, Shawn Richard
Laboratory Experiments on the Effects of Blade Strike from Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies on Larval and Juvenile Freshwater Fishes
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
There is considerable interest in the development of marine and hydrokinetic energy projects in rivers, estuaries, and coastal ocean waters of the United States. Hydrokinetic (HK) technologies convert the energy of moving water in river or tidal currents into electricity, without the impacts of dams and impoundments associated with conventional hydropower or the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) maintains a database that displays the geographical distribution of proposed HK projects in inland and tidal waters (FERC 2012). As of March 2012, 77 preliminary permits had been issued to private developers to study HK projects in inland waters, the development of which would total over 8,000 MW. Most of these projects are proposed for the lower Mississippi River. In addition, the issuance of another 27 preliminary permits for HK projects in inland waters, and 3 preliminary permits for HK tidal projects (totaling over 3,100 MW) were under consideration by FERC. Although numerous HK designs are under development (see DOE 2009 for a description of the technologies and their potential environmental effects), the most commonly proposed current-based projects entail arrays of rotating devices, much like submerged wind turbines, that are positioned in the high-velocity (high energy) river channels. The many diverse HK designs imply a diversity of environmental impacts, but a potential impact common to most is the risk for blade strike to aquatic organisms. In conventional hydropower generation, research on fish passage through reaction turbines at low-head dams suggested that strike and mortality for small fish could be low. As a consequence of the large surface area to mass ratio of small fish, the drag forces in the boundary layer flow at the surface of a rotor blade may pull small fish around the leading edge of a rotor blade without making physical contact (Turnpenny 1998, Turnpenny et al. 2000). Although there is concern that small, fragile fish early life stages may be unable to avoid being struck by the blades of hydrokinetic turbines, we found no empirical data in the published literature that document survival of earliest life-stage fish in passage by rotor blades. In addition to blade strike, research on passage of fish through conventional hydropower turbines suggested that fish mortalities from passage through the rotor swept area could also occur due to shear stresses and pressure chances in the water column (Cada et al. 1997, Turnpenny 1998). However, for most of the proposed HK turbine designs the rotors are projected to operate a lower RPM (revolutions per minute) than observed from conventional reaction turbines; the associated shear stress and pressure changes are expected to be lower and pose a smaller threat to fish survival (DOE 2009). Only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine the risk of blade strike from hydrokinetic technologies to fish (Turnpenny et al. 1992, Normandeau et al. 2009, Seitz et al. 2011, EPRI 2011); the survival of drifting or weakly swimming fish (especially early life stages) that encounter rotor blades from hydrokinetic (HK) devices is currently unknown. Our study addressed this knowledge gap by testing how fish larvae and juveniles encountered different blade profiles of hydrokinetic devices and how such encounters influenced survivorship. We carried out a laboratory study designed to improve our understanding of how fish larvae and juvenile fish may be affected by encounters with rotor blades from HK turbines in the water column of river and ocean currents. (For convenience, these early life stages will be referred to as young of the year, YOY). The experiments developed information needed to quantify the risk (both probability and consequences) of rotor-blade strike to YOY fish. In particular, this study attempted to determine whether YOY drifting in a high-velocity flow directly in the path of the blade leading edge will make contact with the rotor blade or will bypass the blade while entrained in the boundary l
Schweizer, Peter E [ORNL; Cada, Glenn F [ORNL; Bevelhimer, Mark S [ORNL
Whole-body effective half-lives for radiolabeled antibodies and related issues
Radiolabeled antibodies (RABs) are being developed and used in medical imaging and therapy in rapidly increasing numbers. Data on the whole body half effective half-lives were calculated from external dose rates obtained from attending physicians and radiation safety officers at participating institutions. Calculations were made using exponential regression analysis of data from patients receiving single and multiple administrations. Theses data were analyzed on the basis of age, sex, isotope label, radiation energy, antibody type, disease treated, administration method, and number of administrations.
Kaurin, D.G.L.; Carsten, A.L.; Baum, J.W.; Barber, D.E.
Greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect refers to the phenomenon whereby carbon dioxide and other small-molecule gases trap longwave infrared radiation (heat) in the atmosphere, thereby warming the Earth. After several years of relatively low priority, the greenhouse effect is re-emerging as a subject of concern to Congress and regulatory agencies. So also is the sister issue of ozone depletion, the breakdown of the layer of ozone that shields the Earth from massive doses of ultraviolet radiation. These two issues are discussed in this report.
Dowd, R.M.
Present scientific knowledge indicates that the CO/sub 2/ released from the burning of fossil fuels may accumulate in the atmosphere to the point where a greenhouse effect is evident. In lay terms this book details the possible climatic consequences of the continued dominant position of fossil fuels in world energy production. It also discusses actions that can be taken. (ACR)
Bernard, H.W. Jr.
Size Effects
Mar 5, 2013 ... An Explanation of the Power-Exponent in the Size Effect on Strength in ... in terms of the Taylor-type resistance in the dislocation network in the specimen. ... hysteresis and loss in pseudoelasticity with decrease in sample size.
System Effectiveness
An effective risk assessment system is needed to address the threat posed by an active or passive insider who, acting alone or in collusion, could attempt diversion or theft of nuclear material. It is critical that a nuclear facility conduct a thorough self-assessment of the material protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A) system to evaluate system effectiveness. Self-assessment involves vulnerability analysis and performance testing of the MPC&A system. The process should lead to confirmation that mitigating features of the system effectively minimize the threat, or it could lead to the conclusion that system improvements or upgrades are necessary to achieve acceptable protection against the threat. Analysis of the MPC&A system is necessary to understand the limits and vulnerabilities of the system to internal threats. Self-assessment helps the facility be prepared to respond to internal threats and reduce the risk of theft or diversion of nuclear material. MSET is a self-assessment or inspection tool utilizing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology to calculate the system effectiveness of a nuclear facility's MPC&A system. MSET analyzes the effectiveness of an MPC&A system based on defined performance metrics for MPC&A functions based on U.S. and international best practices and regulations. A facility's MC&A system can be evaluated at a point in time and reevaluated after upgrades are implemented or after other system changes occur. The total system or specific subareas within the system can be evaluated. Areas of potential performance improvement or system upgrade can be assessed to determine where the most beneficial and cost-effective improvements should be made. Analyses of risk importance factors show that sustainability is essential for optimal performance. The analyses reveal where performance degradation has the greatest detrimental impact on total system risk and where performance improvements have the greatest reduction in system risk. The risk importance factors show the amount of risk reduction achievable with potential upgrades and the amount of risk reduction actually achieved after upgrades are completed. Applying the risk assessment tool gives support to budget prioritization by showing where budget support levels must be sustained for MC&A functions most important to risk. Results of the risk assessment are also useful in supporting funding justifications for system improvements that significantly reduce system risk.
Powell, Danny H [ORNL; Elwood Jr, Robert H [ORNL
Magnetocaloric Effect and Enhanced Refrigeration effectiveness in ...
Presentation Title, Magnetocaloric Effect and Enhanced Refrigeration effectiveness in ... Industrial Needs and Applications for Soft Magnetic Materials � Industrial�...
The authors analyze the problems of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere and the possible future climatic changes which may ensue. They consider such issues as the quantity of CO2 likely to be released into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel combustion, the expected increases of other greenhouse gases that effect the earth's radiation budget, how and when climatic changes can be detected, and the projected changes in sea level resulting from global warming.
Bolin, B.; Doos, B.R.
Context: Usage and Effectiveness
*. Bookmark and Share. Context: Usage and Effectiveness. US Navy Aircraft Halon 1301 Effectivity Analysis.. Tedeschi, M.; Leach, W.; 1995. ...
Effects of atomic radiation
This book focuses on the lifelong effects of atomic radiation exposure in language understandable by the concerned layperson or the specialist in another field. The base of knowledge used is the work of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor since 1975 the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Within the range of Chronic effects on human health the book provides a thorough review, although effects of nonionizing radiation, effects on structures, effects on other living species, and acute effects are not discussed.
Schull, W.J.
Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissi
Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating. What is Walk Across
Wilkins, Neal
Blowing Ratio Effects on Film Cooling Effectiveness
The research focuses on testing the film cooling effectiveness on a gas turbine blade suction side surface. The test is performed on a five bladed cascade with a blow down facility. Four different blowing ratios are used in this study, which are 0.5, 1.0, 1.6, and 2.0; mainstream flow conditions are maintained at exit Mach number of 0.7, 1.1 and 1.3. Nitrogen is injected as the coolant so that the oxygen concentration levels can be obtained for the test surface. Based on mass transfer analogy, film cooling effectiveness can be computed with pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. The effect of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness is presented for each testing condition. The spanwise averaged effectiveness for each case is also presented to compare the blowing ratio and mainstream effect on film cooling effectiveness. Results show that due to effects of shock, the optimum blowing ratio is 1.6 for exit Mach number of 1.1 and 1.3; however; without the effects of shock, the optimum blowing ratio is 1.0 for exit Mach number of 0.7.
Liu, Kuo-Chun
Radiation Effects In Ceramics
RADIATION MATERIALS SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS II: Radiation Effects in Ceramics. Sponsored by: Jt. SMD/MSD Nuclear Materials�...
Effects of air infiltration on the effective thermal conductivity...
Effects of air infiltration on the effective thermal conductivity of internal fiberglass insulation and on the delivery of thermal capacity via ducts Title Effects of air...
Maintenance Effectiveness Assessment
Utilities want to know whether their equipment is being maintained in the most effective manner. Understanding the relationship between maintenance costs and benefits becomes even more important when established practices and schedules change. This report defines the problem of and presents a roadmap for the development of metrics for evaluating substation equipment maintenance effectiveness. A proposed suite of tools for assessing maintenance effectiveness TAME can provide a business analytics framework...
Stress Biased Magnetocaloric Effect
Lack of cost-effectiveness is the major obstacle limiting magnetocaloric refrigeration from wide industrial and commercial applications. Here, we show that a�...
This report identifies the dose response data available for several toxic mercury compounds and summarizes the symptoms and health effects associated with each of them.
Ion Irradiation Effects
Oct 17, 2011 ... Materials Science Challenges for Nuclear Applications: Ion Irradiation Effects Sponsored by: MS&T Organization Program Organizers: Ram�...
Synchrotron Radiation Effects
Synchrotron Radiation Effects in the IR Solenoid Flux Excluder Peter Tenenbaum LCC-Note-0007 Draft 23-September-1998 Abstract We examine the emittance dilution due to synchrotron...
Blast Effects Suppression System
The HydroSuppressor system was developed to protect critical facilities from the devastating effects of blast from a vehicle bomb.� HydroSuppressor ...
Towards Eliminating Anode Effects
Retrofit of a Combined Breaker Feeder with a Chisel Bath Contact Detection System to Reduce Anode Effect Frequency in a Potroom � Simulating Traffic in a�...
Cost Effective Single Crystals
three relevant technologies, namely casting, alloy development and orientation measurement, developed by Rolls-Royce to enable the cost effective production.
Uncharted 3 visual effects
For Uncharted 3, Naughty Dog tackled the challenge of rendering multiple environmental effects, such as fire, water, and sand in the game set pieces. The biggest challenge was delivering high-quality visual effects in real time while keeping the strict ...
Mohammed Ikram
The greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect on the Earth is identified by the difference between the effective radiating temperature of the planet and its surface temperature. The difference between the energy emitted by the surface and that emitted upward to space by the upper atmosphere quantifies it; it can therefore be defined as the long wave energy trapped in the atmosphere. Climate forcing and the response of the climate system within which climate feedback mechanisms are contained, will be defined in this review. Quantitative examples will illustrate what could happen if the greenhouse effect is perturbed by the human activities, in particular if atmospheric CO[sub 2] concentrations would double in the future. Recent measurements by satellites of the greenhouse effect will be given. The net cooling effect of clouds on the Earth and whether or not there will be less cooling by clouds as the planet warms, are discussed following a series of papers recently published by Ramanathan and his collaborators.
Berger, A.; Tricot, C. (Universite Catholique de Louvain (Belgium))
Depleted Uranium Health Effects
Depleted Uranium Health Effects Depleted Uranium Health Effects Depleted Uranium line line Uranium Enrichment Depleted Uranium Health Effects Depleted Uranium Health Effects Discussion of health effects of external exposure, ingestion, and inhalation of depleted uranium. Depleted uranium is not a significant health hazard unless it is taken into the body. External exposure to radiation from depleted uranium is generally not a major concern because the alpha particles emitted by its isotopes travel only a few centimeters in air or can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Also, the uranium-235 that remains in depleted uranium emits only a small amount of low-energy gamma radiation. However, if allowed to enter the body, depleted uranium, like natural uranium, has the potential for both chemical and radiological toxicity with the two important target organs
Constructing Gender Through Sex Discrimination Law
for a New Conception of Gender Identity in the Law. ColumbiaMedicine, Re/modeling Gender. Berkeley Women's Law Journal,Review, 26, 1395. Kosbie, J. Gender Identity Expression as
Kosbie, Jeff
6 Sex and Power John Berger writes
. The thrust of Berger's argument is that the artistic nude is no different from the soft porn nude, existing
Robinson, John A.
High Burnup Effects Program
This is the final report of the High Burnup Effects Program (HBEP). It has been prepared to present a summary, with conclusions, of the HBEP. The HBEP was an international, group-sponsored research program managed by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (BNW). The principal objective of the HBEP was to obtain well-characterized data related to fission gas release (FGR) for light water reactor (LWR) fuel irradiated to high burnup levels. The HBEP was organized into three tasks as follows: Task 1 -- high burnup effects evaluations; Task 2 -- fission gas sampling; and Task 3 -- parameter effects study. During the course of the HBEP, a program that extended over 10 years, 82 fuel rods from a variety of sources were characterized, irradiated, and then examined in detail after irradiation. The study of fission gas release at high burnup levels was the principal objective of the program and it may be concluded that no significant enhancement of fission gas release at high burnup levels was observed for the examined rods. The rim effect, an as yet unquantified contributor to athermal fission gas release, was concluded to be the one truly high-burnup effect. Though burnup enhancement of fission gas release was observed to be low, a full understanding of the rim region and rim effect has not yet emerged and this may be a potential area of further research. 25 refs., 23 figs., 4 tabs.
Barner, J.O.; Cunningham, M.E.; Freshley, M.D.; Lanning, D.D.
BASE - Rad Effects - Cyclotron
Effects Effects About the BASE Facility The BASE Facility operates in conjunction with the 88-inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to provide beams of protons and heavy ions for radiation effects testing. When running, the facility is manned 24-hours a day with additional support on call. Assistance is available for shipping and receiving. Contact us for current hourly rates. Bragg curve plots, published papers, and other useful information are available here on our website. For information on the experiment approval process, beam time scheduling, or technical details on beamline setup and operation, contact Mike Johnson at (510) 486-4389 or firstname.lastname@example.com. More information is available here: Protons (Cave 4A) Heavy Ions (Cave 4B) Neutrons (Cave 0)
Radiation effects on humans
Radiation effects on humans Radiation effects on humans Name: Joe Kemna Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I am trying to find information on radiation. I need the effects on humans, the damage it causes to the environment, and any extra information you might have on the subject. Thank you for your time. Replies: Your library should be a good place to start, but first you need to narrow your question a bit. "Radiation" means radio waves, heat, light (including the ultraviolet light that causes suntan and sunburn), and what's called "ionizing radiation." By far the major source of the first three is the Sun, while the last I believe comes principally from cosmic rays and various naturally radioactive elements like uranium and radon. The most significant manmade sources of exposure would --- I think --- be household wiring and appliances (radio), engines and heating devices (heat), lamps (light), and X-ray machines, flying at high altitude in airplanes, and living in well-insulated homes built over radon sources (ionizing radiation). Heat, light and ionizing radiation play vital roles in the ecology of the Earth. Radio, light (in particular "tanning" ultraviolet), and ionizing radiation have all been widely assumed at different times to be particularly good or particularly bad for human health. Some recent issues of public concern have been the effect of radio waves from electric transmission lines, the effect on skin cancer incidence from tanning and sunburns, the depletion of the ultraviolet-light-produced ozone in the upper atmosphere by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), "global warming" from the increased absorption of heat radiation from the surface by atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane, and the effect of a long exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation as for example the people of Eastern Europe are experiencing from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.
On the Effective Solar Pathlength
The effects of atmospheric spherical curvature and refraction and their impact on radiative transfer have been studied. It is shown that formulas employed in GCMs for atmospheric curvature and refraction underestimate the effect of effective ...
J. Li; Kiyotaka Shibata
Nuclear medium effects in $\
We study the nuclear medium effects in the weak structure functions $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and $F_3(x,Q^2)$ in the deep inelastic neutrino/antineutrino reactions in nuclei. We use a theoretical model for the nuclear spectral functions which incorporates the conventional nuclear effects, such as Fermi motion, binding and nucleon correlations. We also consider the pion and rho meson cloud contributions calculated from a microscopic model for meson-nucleus self-energies. The calculations have been performed using relativistic nuclear spectral functions which include nucleon correlations. Our results are compared with the experimental data of NuTeV and CDHSW.
Haider, H; Athar, M Sajjad; Vacas, M J Vicente
A review is given of the various transverse thermomagnetic and galvanomagnetic effects. The coefficicnts and relations between coefficients are listed for both metals and semiconductors. A quantitative annlysis is given of the error in Hall effcct measurements owing to non-isothermal conditions. (auth)
Redin, R.D.
Effectiveness Audit Guideline
This document is a guideline for power producers to identify how successful their organizations have been in implementing a plant maintenance optimization (PMO) program. It also shows how to determine the effectiveness of an organization's program when compared to peer power producers.
Genetic effects of low x-ray doses. Progress report, September 16, 1974-- September 30, 1975
Results are reported from large-scale experiments on the dose-kinetics of x-ray induced sex-linked lethal mutations in treated oogonia of Drosophila. (auth)
Abrahamson, S.; Meyer, H.U.
Latent effects decision analysis
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Latent effects on a system are broken down into components ranging from those far removed in time from the system under study (latent) to those which closely effect changes in the system. Each component is provided with weighted inputs either by a user or from outputs of other components. A non-linear mathematical process known as `soft aggregation` is performed on the inputs to each component to provide information relating to the component. This information is combined in decreasing order of latency to the system to provide a quantifiable measure of an attribute of a system (e.g., safety) or to test hypotheses (e.g., for forensic deduction or decisions about various system design options).
Cooper, J. Arlin (Albuquerque, NM); Werner, Paul W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Outage Effectiveness Measurement Methodology
The efficiency of an outage program and the correctness of the outage process are important to the continuous improvement and long-term success of the plant. This report, based on a collective of industry experience, EPRI publications, and power conference data, is an aid to utility and plant management and staff to understanding the outage effectiveness methods and metrics relative to outage planning, execution, and post-outage operations.
Effective Rate Period
Fiscal Year 2014 Fiscal Year 2014 Effective Rate Period As of Beginning of the FY 10/01/2013 - 09/30/2014 Mid-Year Changes (if applicable) 10/01/2013 - 09/30/2014 Power Rates Annual Revenue Requirement Rate Schedule Power Revenue Requirement $73,441,557 CV-F13 Base Resource Revenue Requirement $69,585,875 First Preference Revenue Requirement $3,855,682
Sexual Priming, Gender Stereotyping, and Likelihood to Sexually Harass: Examining the Cognitive Effects of Playing a Sexually-Explicit Video Game
Brathwaite, B. (2007). Sex in video games. Boston, Mass. :of Stereotypic Images in Video Games Unfair, Legitimate,and consequences of playing video games. In P. Vorderer & J.
Yao, Mike Z.; Mahood, Chad; Linz, Daniel
The climate change induced by man-made releases of carbon dioxide and other trace gases is discussed. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from an estimated 293 ppm in 1880 to 335 ppm in 1980, due mainly to the increased use of fossil fuels. That level is expected to double in the next century. Several carbon dioxide models are discussed, along with trends of global temperatures. The effects of the global warming are also discussed along with future research needs. (JMT)
Hileman, B.
Ecotoxicological effects extrapolation models
One of the central problems of ecological risk assessment is modeling the relationship between test endpoints (numerical summaries of the results of toxicity tests) and assessment endpoints (formal expressions of the properties of the environment that are to be protected). For example, one may wish to estimate the reduction in species richness of fishes in a stream reach exposed to an effluent and have only a fathead minnow 96 hr LC50 as an effects metric. The problem is to extrapolate from what is known (the fathead minnow LC50) to what matters to the decision maker, the loss of fish species. Models used for this purpose may be termed Effects Extrapolation Models (EEMs) or Activity-Activity Relationships (AARs), by analogy to Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs). These models have been previously reviewed in Ch. 7 and 9 of and by an OECD workshop. This paper updates those reviews and attempts to further clarify the issues involved in the development and use of EEMs. Although there is some overlap, this paper does not repeat those reviews and the reader is referred to the previous reviews for a more complete historical perspective, and for treatment of additional extrapolation issues.
Suter, G.W. II
SexSpace : creating architectural rituals for getting laid : a women's sex club in Provincetown, Massachusetts
Much recent debate has centered around architecture, the gendering of space, and space and sexuality. Many fine books are now delving deep into feminist psychoanalysis, post-structuralist theory, and postmodern debate to ...
Hirschkop, Lisa Maria, 1959-
All about sex, culture, technology, art, politics, gossip, ideas, drugs & rock & roll ... but mostly sex
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Effective Stratification for Pseudoadiabatic Ascent
Effective stratification can be interpreted as the resistance to upward motion of saturated air parcels experiencing condensation. Previously published expressions for effective stratification conflict with each other, and the most widely ...
John W. Nielsen-Gammon; Daniel Keyser
Lake-Effect Rain Events
Seven years of autumnal (September�November) precipitation data are examined to determine the characteristics of lake-effect precipitation downwind of Lake Erie. Atmospheric conditions for each lake-effect event are compiled and the mean ...
Todd J. Miner; J. M. Fritsch
Solar Neutrino Matter Effects Redux
Following recent low-threshold analysis of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and asymmetry measurements of the BOREXINO Collaboration of the solar neutrino flux, we revisit the analysis of the matter effects in the Sun. We show that solar neutrino data constrains the mixing angle $\\theta_{13}$ poorly and that subdominant Standard Model effects can mimic the effects of the physics beyond the Standard Model.
A. B. Balantekin; A. Malkus
A lecture intended to provide a general background in weapons effects is presented. Specific areas of nuclear explosion phenomena pertinent to the design of hardened systems discussed include nuclear radiation and shielding, fireball growth and effects, thermal radiation, air blast, cratering and throwout, ground shock effects, fallout, and afterwinds. (J.R.D.)
Brode, H.L.
The scope and nature of several blast hazards are delineated. Tentative criteria are set forth for threshold damage to humans. These criteria are related 10 nuclear weapons in terms of ground ranges and areas involved for one MT and ten MT surface detonations. To allow appreciation of the relative importance of blast with other effects, appropriate values are noted for ionizing and thermal radiation. Four categories of blast hazards are defined, and the character of each is described. The occurrence of combined injuries from pressure, missiles, and displacement is discussed. Experiences in the Texas City disaster of 1947 are reviewed. Selected data relate environmental conditions to gross biologic damage from overpressures, missiles, and impact loading. 86 references. (C.H.)
White, C.S.
Axio-electric effect
Using the relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation, we calculate the rates of atomic ionization by absorption of axions of the energies up to 100 keV and for an arbitrary value of the axion mass. We present numerical results for atoms used in the low radioactive background searches of dark matter (e.g. Ar, Ge and Xe), as well as the analytical formula which fits numerical calculations for the absorption cross sections and can be applied for other atoms, molecules and condensed matter systems. Using the cross-sections for the axio-electric effect, we derive the counting rates induced by solar axions and set limits on the axion coupling constants.
A. Derevianko; V. A. Dzuba; V. V. Flambaum; M. Pospelov
The Epps effect revisited
We analyse the dependence of stock return cross-correlations on the sampling frequency of the data known as the Epps effect: For high resolution data the correlations are significantly smaller than their asymptotic value as observed on daily data. We demonstrate the deficiencies of the existing description and give a relation between correlations on different time scales. After testing our method on a model of generated random walk price changes we justify our analytical results by fitting the correlation curves of real world data. Our results indicate that the Epps phenomenon is a product of the finite time decay of lagged correlations of high resolution data, which does not scale with activity. The characteristic time is due to a human time scale, the time needed to react to news.
Toth, Bence
Effects of red tide
Effects of red tide Effects of red tide Name: Mrs. Corwin's 5th grade class Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: My 5th grade class would like to know why is it that red tide only affects humans and not lobsters, fish, etc. Why is the micro-organism so toxic to humans? Waiting to learn.... Replies: Without going into too much detail, the microorganisms responsible for causing red tide can live within the shellfish without killing them because the chemicals they produce which imbue everything with the characteristic red color aren't toxic to the shellfish. It's just our bad luck that those very same chemicals happen to interact with our body chemistries in the ways that can't occur in shellfish. --Wordsworth As it turns out, red tides do affect other vertebrates (animals with backbones), in fact, they are responsible for huge, stinky die-offs of fish that wash up on shore during a "red tide". The microorganism responsible for the occurrence of a red tide is the "dinoflagellate", there are different types of dinoflagellates, and as I understand it, they produce different types of toxins, but usually the toxin responsible for the die-offs is what is called a "neurotoxin", which affects the heart , slowing it down. This reduces blood circulation, and the reduced blood circulation to the gills results in oxygen starvation, and the fish dies. As far as I know, however, this toxin only affects vertebrates, and not invertebrates (animals without backbones) like the clam and lobster.
2009 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 2901-9006 Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, o
insulation system is proper installation of quality insulation products. A building should have a continuous layer of insulation around the entire building envelope-- with no gaps or compression. Studies show the insulation in your home more effective. Developed as part of the NASULGC/DOE Building Science Community
Liskiewicz, Maciej
Shaped hole effects on film cooling effectiveness and a comparison of multiple effectiveness measurement techniques
This experimental study consists of two parts. For the first part, the film cooling effectiveness for a single row of seven cylindrical holes with a compound angle is measured on a flat surface using five different measurement techniques: steady-state liquid crystal thermography, transient liquid crystal thermography, pressure sensitive paint (PSP), thermocouples, and infrared thermography. A comparison of the film cooling effectiveness from each of the measurement techniques is presented. All methods show a good comparison, especially for the higher blowing ratios. The PSP technique shows the most accurate measurements and has more advantages for measuring film cooling effectiveness. Also, the effect of blowing ratio on the film cooling effectiveness is investigated for each of the measurement techniques. The second part of the study investigates the effect of hole geometries on the film cooling effectiveness using pressure sensitive paint. Nitrogen is injected as the coolant air so that the oxygen concentration levels can be obtained for the test surface. The film effectiveness is then obtained by the mass transfer analogy. Five total hole geometries are tested: fan-shaped laidback with a compound angle, fan-shaped laidback with a simple angle, a conical configuration with a compound angle, a conical configuration with a simple angle, and the reference geometry (cylindrical holes) used in part one. The effect of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness is presented for each hole geometry. The spanwise averaged effectiveness for each geometry is also presented to compare the geometry effect on film cooling effectiveness. The geometry of the holes has little effect on the effectiveness at low blowing ratios. The laterally expanded holes show improved effectiveness at higher blowing ratios. All experiments are performed in a low speed wind tunnel with a mainstream velocity of 34 m/s. The coolant air is injected through the coolant holes at four different coolant-to-mainstream velocity ratios: 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8.
Varvel, Trent Alan
(Limiting the greenhouse effect)
Traveler attended the Dahlem Research Conference organized by the Freien Universitat, Berlin. The subject of the conference was Limiting the Greenhouse Effect: Options for Controlling Atmospheric CO{sub 2} Accumulation. Like all Dahlem workshops, this was a meeting of scientific experts, although the disciplines represented were broader than usual, ranging across anthropology, economics, international relations, forestry, engineering, and atmospheric chemistry. Participation by scientists from developing countries was limited. The conference was divided into four multidisciplinary working groups. Traveler acted as moderator for Group 3 which examined the question What knowledge is required to tackle the principal social and institutional barriers to reducing CO{sub 2} emissions'' The working rapporteur was Jesse Ausubel of Rockefeller University. Other working groups examined the economic costs, benefits, and technical feasibility of options to reduce emissions per unit of energy service; the options for reducing energy use per unit of GNP; and the significant of linkage between strategies to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions and other goals. Draft reports of the working groups are appended. Overall, the conference identified a number of important research needs in all four areas. It may prove particularly important in bringing the social and institutional research needs relevant to climate change closer to the forefront of the scientific and policy communities than hitherto.
Rayner, S.
NETL: Health Effects - Source Contributions to PM Health Effects...
Source Contributions to PM Health Effects: DOE Office of Fossil Energy Analysis DOE's Division of Planning and Environmental Analysis, within its Office of Fossil Energy, Office of...
Report - Considering Cumulative Effects Under NEPA
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Considering Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act Council on Environmental Quality January 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I INTRODUCTION TO CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Purpose of Cumulative Effect sAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Agency Experience with Cumulative Effects Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Principles of Cumulative Effects Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 How Environmental EffectsAccumulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Roadmap tothe Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 SCOPING FOR CUMULATIVE EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Identifying Cumulative Effects Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Bounding Cumulative Effects Analysis . . . . . . . . . .
Twisted mass finite volume effects
We calculate finite-volume effects on the pion masses and decay constant in twisted mass lattice QCD at finite lattice spacing. We show that the lighter neutral pion in twisted mass lattice QCD gives rise to finite-volume effects that are exponentially enhanced when compared to those arising from the heavier charged pions. We demonstrate that the recent two flavor twisted mass lattice data can be better fitted when twisted mass effects in finite-volume corrections are taken into account.
Colangelo, Gilberto; Wenger, Urs; Wu, Jackson M. S. [Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern (Switzerland)
(Theory of relative biological effectiveness)
Research continued on relative biological effectiveness, in the following areas: radial distribution of dose about the path of an energetic heavy ion; the response of E. Coli mutants to ionizing radiations; the application of a fragmentation model to to the calculation of cell survival and mutation with heavy ion beams; biological radiation effects from gamma radiation and heavy ion beams on organisms; cancer induction in the Harderian Gland by HZE particles; and effects of low dose radiations. (CBS)
Katz, R.
NIST Diffraction effects in radiometry
... of the overall effort to understand the role of solar variation in ... diffraction effects at short wavelengths (relevant to spectral power measurements) and ...
The Effects of Ionizing Irradiation
Page 1. The Effects of Ionizing Irradiation on Liquid, Dried, and Absorbed DNA Extracts ... Page 12. Study Shipped Land Carrier Irradiation ? ...
Effectiveness Review Overview Theresa Triplett
· Supporting Documentation (Subsequent ORPS / PAAA NTS Reports, Assessments, Lessons Learned) · Effectiveness · Review ORPS / NTS reports · Obtain objective evidence that the corrective actions was implemented
Magnetocaloric effect in manganites
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}, Sm{sub 0.55}Sr{sub 0.45}MnO{sub 3}, and PrBaMn{sub 2}O{sub 6} compounds is studied. The maximum values of MCE ({Delta}T{sub max}) determined by a direct method in the second and third compositions and in La{sub 0.9}Sr{sub 0.1}MnO{sub 3} are found to be much lower than those calculated from the change of the magnetic part of entropy in the Curie temperature (T{sub C}) and the Neel temperature (T{sub N}) range. The negative contribution of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) part of a sample in the La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} system at 0.1 {<=} x {<=} 0.3 decreases {Delta}T{sub max} and changes the {Delta}T(T) curve shape, shifting its maximum 20-40 K above T{sub C}. Lower values of {Delta}T{sub max} are detected in the range T{sub C} = 130-142 K in polycrystalline and single-crystal Sm{sub 0.55}Sr{sub 0.45}MnO{sub 3} samples cooled in air. If such samples were cooled in an oxygen atmosphere (which restores broken Mn-O-Mn bonds and, thus, increases the volume of CE-type AFM clusters), the maximum in the temperature dependence of MCE is located at T{sub N} (243 K) for CE-type AFM clusters. A magnetic field applied to a sample during the MCE measurements transforms these clusters into a ferromagnetic (FM) state, and both types of clusters decompose at T = T{sub N}. The PrBaMn{sub 2}O{sub 6} composition undergoes an AFM-FM transition at 231 K, and the temperature dependence of its MCE has a sharp minimum at T = 234 K, where MCE is negative, and a broad maximum covering T{sub C}. The absolute values of MCE at both extrema are several times lower than those calculated from the change in the magnetic entropy. These phenomena are explained by the presence of a magnetically heterogeneous FM-AFM state in these manganites.
Koroleva, L. I., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Zashchirinskii, D. M.; Morozov, A. S. [Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Szymczak, R. [Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics (Poland)
Geomagnetic Effects on Atmospheric Neutrinos
Geomagnetic effects distort the zenith angle distribution of sub--GeV and few--GeV atmospheric neutrinos, breaking the up--down symmetry that would be present in the absence of neutrino oscillations and without a geomagnetic field. The geomagnetic effects also produce a characteristic azimuthal dependence of the $\
Paolo Lipari; T. K. Gaisser; Todor Stanev
Correlation effects and bound states
Bound states in a simple quark model that are due to correlation effects are analyzed. The confining properties of this model in meson (quark-antiquark and diquark) channels manifest themselves at any quark momenta, and an extra potential field may only enhance the confining effect.
Zinovjev, G. M. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics (Ukraine); Molodtsov, S. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation)
General Network Effects and Welfare
benefit the platform this statement implies that direct effect is negative: ?W C ?p < 0. This effect can operate via two distinct routes: an increase in p reduces either uA or uB. The first case corresponds, for 6This form can be obtained from a circular...
Pollock, Rufus
Mating behaviour, epibiotic growth, and the effect of salinity on grooming activity in the hermaphroditic shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni
Many species of caridean shrimp are protandrous hermaphrodites, maturing initially as males but developing into females as they age and grow. A unique sexual system was recently discovered in the peppermint shrimp, Lysmata wurdemanni. In this species, individuals are initially male, but become simultaneous functional hermaphrodites over time. As in most caridean shrimp, L. wurdemanni can mate as a male during the intermoult period, but can reproduce through female function for only a short period after moulting. Ecdysis does not occur en masse in this species, and thus the operational sex ratio found in populations of L. wurdemanni is extremely male-biased. Sexual selection theory suggests that these conditions will result in increased competition for access to mates. Evolutionary pressures should therefore have selected for mechanisms that permit individuals to quickly identify and locate potential mating partners. L. wurdemanni were exposed to chemical stimuli collected from recently moulted conspecifics of varying reproductive condition. Test animals were able to distinguish among the different conditions, and physically manipulated only the plastic nozzle used to pump solutions collected from shrimp with ovaries filled with vitellogenic oocytes. It was subsequently hypothesized that methyl farnesoate, a hormone associated with ovarian maturation in crustaceans, might be a key component of sex pheromones used by L. wurdemanni. However, a series of methyl farnesoate concentrations did not elicit responses, indicating this species does not use this hormone alone when determining reproductive condition. Reproductive behaviour in L. wurdemanni was observed to differ both before and after copulation, as well as with increasing population density. Intermoult individuals were more likely to approach, follow and remain in the vicinity of a near-moult shrimp before mating could occur, and under high density conditions. The near-moult shrimp approached conspecifics only under low density conditions, and performed rapid escape behaviours only after copulation had occurred. The unusual occurrence of epibiota upon L. wurdemanni was described, and the location, size and age of barnacles quantified. The effect of salinity upon grooming activities was tested. Results indicated that carapace grooming was depressed at low salinities, and could account for the considerable epibiota found in this region.
Giri, Tuhin
Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing...
Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing Contamination at West Valley Demonstration Project Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing...
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures. The Engineering ... section. I. Extreme Winds: ... II. Wind Effects on Buildings. Database ...
Effect Size and Moderators of Effects for Token Economy Interventions
There is a clear call to use evidence-based practice (EBP) in schools, and a growing knowledge base of practices that have proven to be effective in helping students achieve in educational settings. In addition, the current trends of Positive Behavior Supports (PBS) and Response to Intervention (RtI) advocate for preventative and proactive strategies. Token economies (TE) are one intervention that is proactive and can be flexible to use with students across a wide range of behaviors and settings. According to Higgins, Williams, and McLaughlin, token economy (TE) is an effective way to improve classroom behavior. Unfortunately, limited recent research is available that evaluated the effects and moderators of token economies in classroom settings. The purpose of this investigation was to Meta-analyze the single case research on TE implemented in school and is the first to offer effect size analysis and identify moderators. The use of TE's has been widely established as an evidence-based intervention for use in prisons, psychiatric hospitals, and school settings. However, very few articles discuss size of effects to expect, the essential elements required, or the practical implementation issues within a classroom. Many myths surround the use of a TE, i.e., many assume a token system is effective only for individuals and this is not so, as TE is effective for groups as well as individuals. In an age of accountability and emphasis on preventative evidence based practice evidence for using a TE and how to implement a TE is needed in our literature. Empirical evidence for the use of a token economy in a classroom is presented along with suggested implementation ideas. Twenty four studies were included in this Meta-analysis with an overall combined Tau-U ES of .78 of data showing improvement between phase A and B with CI90 [.72, .83]. Tau-U effect sizes ranged from .35 to 1.0. TE is effective with all ages evaluated (ages 3 - 15); however, statistically significant results indicated it was more effective with ages 6 - 15. Active ingredients (i.e. procedural steps) were evaluated, combined, and reported. Results indicate that TE is an evidence-based intervention to increase academic readiness behaviors and to decrease inappropriate behaviors.
Soares, Denise
Size Effects in Multilayer Structures
Feb 28, 2011 ... This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories through USDOE NNSA Contract DE-AC04 94AL85000. 5:40 PM Size Effect in�...
Cost effective multimedia courseware development
Multimedia technology offers considerable potential for education though the costs of production of courseware are prohibitive especially in a rapidly changing discipline such as computer science. This paper proposes a cost-effective technique which ...
C. J. Pilgrim; Y. K. Leung; D. D. Grant
Integral Effects of Deep Convection
The large-scale, integral effect of convective elements (plumes) constituting an open-ocean chimney is investigated both theoretically and with a plume-resolving numerical model. The authors consider an initially homogeneous �patch� of ocean of ...
Uwe Send; John Marshall
Translation Effects on Simulated Tornadoes
A simulation of tornadoes translating over the ground was carried out in a modified Ward simulator. The purpose was to investigate the effects of translation on tornado dynamics. The results are as follows:
Chris J. Diamond; Eugene M. Wilkins
Electrokinetic Effects in Power Transformers
Electrokinetic effects such as static electrification can cause catastrophic failures in large forced-oil-cooled power transformers. The development of a network-based theoretical model provides a critical perspective not apparent from previous small-scale laboratory experiments.
Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark
Effective System Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark It is now generally recognized in the high performance computing community that peak performance does not adequately predict the usefulness of a system for a given set of applications. One of the first benchmarks designed to measure system performance in a real-world operational environment was NERSC's Effective System Performance (ESP) test. NERSC introduced ESP in 1999 with the hope that this test would be of use to system managers and would help to spur the community (both researchers and vendors) to improve system efficiency. The discussion below uses examples from the Cray T3E system that NERSC was operating in 1999. Improved MPP System Efficiency Equals Million-Dollar Savings
Dilatonic effects near naked singularities
Static spherically symmetric solutions of 4d Brans-Dicke theory include a set of naked singularity solutions. Dilatonic effects near the naked singularities result in either a shielding or an antishielding effect from intruding massive test particles. One result is that for a portion of the solution parameter space, no communication between the singularity and a distant observer is possible via massive particle exchanges. Kaluza-Klein gravity is considered as a special case.
J. R. Morris
Health Effects of CO2
This report documents results of a project to identify and quantify toxic effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) in living organisms. The overall goal is to develop concentration and time-dependent profiles of CO2 toxicity in a variety of organisms. This project phase was designed to develop exposure-effect profiles for humans and nonhuman mammals and to identify the availability of information for other species.
Nonlinear effects in kinetic resolutions
The impact of nonlinear effects in the asymmetric catalysis of kinetic resolutions is analyzed. It is found with minimal assumptions that the kinetics of homocompetitive reactions should apply generally to kinetic resolutions involving partially resolved catalysts, and this is supported by experimental observations with the Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epoxides. The criterion for a nonlinear effect in asymmetric catalysis--a nonlinear correlation between the enantiomeric excess in a choral ligand and the product enantiomeric excess obtained from a reaction--is examined. The nonlinear effect idea is found to be generalizable to kinetic resolutions and other reactions by replacing consideration of the product enantiomeric excess with the quantity (k[]/k[]-1)/(k[]/k[]+1), a differential kinetic enantiomeric enhancement (DKEE). A nonlinear effect may then be defined by a nonlinear correlation between the DKEE and the chiral ligand enantiomeric excess. The application of these ideas to previously reported kinetic resolutions of sulfoxides and to nonlinear effects in the Jacobsen HKR is described. Relatively small nonlinear effects in kinetic resolutions are sufficient to obtain large asymmetric amplifications. A catalyst modification in the Jacobsen HKR also allows for the development of a novel recyclable system for the iterative enhancement of optical activity.
Johnson, Derrell W.
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungpook 790-784, Republic of Korea 2 Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA...
Greenhouse-effect spurs legislation
Senator Timothy E. Wirth (D-Colo.) reintroduced legislation on February 1, 1989, to establish a national energy policy that would slow down the emission of pollutants contributing to the greenhouse effect. Wirth's comprehensive bill to combat the greenhouse effect includes initiatives to: increase energy-efficiency in all sectors of the US economy; expand research and development of nonfossil fuel sources such as solar; encourage technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emission from coal-fired power plants and other sources; direct the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to develop policies to stop tropical deforestation; and research the greenhouse effect, its causes, and the steps needed to cope with a changing climate.
Overview of global greenhouse effects
This report reviews the factors that influence the evolution of climate and climate change. Recent studies have confirmed that CO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, N{sub 2}O, CH{sub 4}, and chlorofluorocarbos are increasing in abundance in the atmosphere and can alter the radiation balance by means of the so-called greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is as well-accepted phenomenon, but the prediction of its consequences is much less certain. Attempts to detect a human-caused temperature change are still inconclusive. This report presents a discussion of the scientific basis for the greenhouse effect, its relationship to the abundances of greenhouse gases, and the evidence confirming the increases in the abundances. The basis for climate modeling is presented together with an example of the model outputs from one of the most sophisticated modeling efforts. Uncertainties in the present understanding of climate are outlined.
Reck, R.A.
Portable convertible blast effects shield
A rapidly deployable portable convertible blast effects shield/ballistic shield includes a set two or more telescoping cylindrical rings operably connected to each other to convert between a telescopically-collapsed configuration for storage and transport, and a telescopically-extended upright configuration forming an expanded inner volume. In a first embodiment, the upright configuration provides blast effects shielding, such as against blast pressures, shrapnel, and/or fire balls. And in a second embodiment, the upright configuration provides ballistic shielding, such as against incoming weapons fire, shrapnel, etc. Each ring has a high-strength material construction, such as a composite fiber and matrix material, capable of substantially inhibiting blast effects and impinging projectiles from passing through the shield. And the set of rings are releasably securable to each other in the telescopically-extended upright configuration, such as by click locks.
Pastrnak, John W. (Livermore, CA); Hollaway, Rocky (Modesto, CA); Henning, Carl D. (Livermore, CA); Deteresa, Steve (Livermore, CA); Grundler, Walter (Hayward, CA); Hagler, Lisle B. (Berkeley, CA); Kokko, Edwin (Dublin, CA); Switzer, Vernon A (Livermore, CA)
Pastrnak, John W. (Livermore, CA); Hollaway, Rocky (Modesto, CA); Henning, Carl D. (Livermore, CA); Deteresa, Steve (Livermore, CA); Grundler, Walter (Hayward, CA); Hagler,; Lisle B. (Berkeley, CA); Kokko, Edwin (Dublin, CA); Switzer, Vernon A (Livermore, CA)
A rapidly deployable portable convertible blast effects shield/ballistic shield includes a set two or more frusto-conically-tapered telescoping rings operably connected to each other to convert between a telescopically-collapsed configuration for storage and transport, and a telescopically-extended upright configuration forming an expanded inner volume. In a first embodiment, the upright configuration provides blast effects shielding, such as against blast pressures, shrapnel, and/or fire balls. And in a second embodiment, the upright configuration provides ballistic shielding, such as against incoming weapons fire, shrapnel, etc. Each ring has a high-strength material construction, such as a composite fiber and matrix material, capable of substantially inhibiting blast effects and impinging projectiles from passing through the shield. And the set of rings are releasably securable to each other in the telescopically-extended upright configuration by the friction fit of adjacent pairs of frusto-conically-tapered rings to each other.
Pastrnak, John W. (Livermore, CA); Hollaway, Rocky (Modesto, CA); Henning, Carl D. (Livermore, CA); Deteresa, Steve (Livermore, CA); Grundler, Walter (Hayward, CA); Hagler, Lisle B. (Berkeley, CA); Kokko, Edwin (Dublin, CA); Switzer, Vernon A. (Livermore, CA)
Sudden death of effective entanglement
Sudden death of entanglement is a well-known effect resulting from the finite volume of separable states. We study the case when the observer has a limited measurement capability and analyze the effective entanglement (i.e., entanglement minimized over the output data). We show that in the well-defined system of two quantum dots monitored by single-electron transistors, one may observe a sudden death of effective entanglement when real, physical entanglement is still alive. For certain measurement setups, this occurs even for initial states for which sudden death of physical entanglement is not possible at all. The principles of the analysis may be applied to other analogous scenarios, such as estimation of the parameters arising from quantum process tomography.
Roszak, K. [Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague (Czech Republic); Institute of Physics, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw (Poland); Horodecki, P. [Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-952 Gdansk (Poland); National Quantum Information Centre of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot (Poland); Horodecki, R. [National Quantum Information Centre of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot (Poland); Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk (Poland)
Isospin effects in Nuclear Fragmentation
We investigate properties of the symmetry term in the equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter (NM) from the analysis of simulations of fragmentation events in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. For charge asymmetric systems a qualitative new feature in the liquid-gas phase transition is predicted: the onset of chemical instabilities with a mixture of isoscalar and isovector components. This leads to a separation into a higher density (``liquid'') symmetric and a low density (``gas'') neutron-rich phase, the so-called neutron distillation effect. We analyse the simulations with respect to the time evolution of the isospin dynamics, as well as with respect to the distribution and asymmetry of the final primary fragments. Qualitatively different effects arise in central collisions, with bulk fragmentation, and peripheral collisions with neck-fragmentation. The neck fragments produced in this type of process appear systematically more neutron-rich from a dynamical nucleon migration effect which is very s...
Baran, V; Di Toro, M; Greco, V; Zielinska-Pfab�, M; Wolter, H H
Climate Effects on Corn Yield in Missouri
Understanding climate effects on crop yield has been a continuous endeavor aiming at improving farming technology and management strategy, minimizing negative climate effects, and maximizing positive climate effects on yield. Many studies have ...
Qi Hu; Gregory Buyanovsky
Agriculture and the greenhouse effect
This article discusses research of the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and the US Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Research Division to anticipate the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on American agriculture. Experiments involving exposure of plants to elevated CO/sub 2/ and attempts to model the productivity of crops as atmospheric CO/sub 2/ increases are described. The scientists quoted in the article are optimistic, emphasizing the beneficial effects of the elevated CO/sub 2/ on crops and speculating that problems caused by associated climate changes can be accommodated by movement of crop regions and by introduction of new varieties.
Unruh radiation and Interference effect
A uniformly accelerated charged particle feels the vacuum as thermally excited and fluctuates around the classical trajectory. Then we may expect additional radiation besides the Larmor radiation. It is called Unruh radiation. In this report, we review the calculation of the Unruh radiation with an emphasis on the interference effect between the vacuum fluctuation and the radiation from the fluctuating motion. Our calculation is based on a stochastic treatment of the particle under a uniform acceleration. The basics of the stochastic equation are reviewed in another report in the same proceeding. In this report, we mainly discuss the radiation and the interference effect.
Iso, Satoshi; Zhang, Sen
Satoshi Iso; Yasuhiro Yamamoto; Sen Zhang
Dissipative Effects in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation
We generalize the effective field theory of single clock inflation to include dissipative effects. Working in unitary gauge we couple a set of composite operators, {Omicron}{sub {mu}{nu}}..., in the effective action which is constrained solely by invariance under time-dependent spatial diffeomorphisms. We restrict ourselves to situations where the degrees of freedom responsible for dissipation do not contribute to the density perturbations at late time. The dynamics of the perturbations is then modified by the appearance of 'friction' and noise terms, and assuming certain locality properties for the Green's functions of these composite operators, we show that there is a regime characterized by a large friction term {gamma} >> H in which the {zeta}-correlators are dominated by the noise and the power spectrum can be significantly enhanced. We also compute the three point function <{zeta}{zeta}{zeta}> for a wide class of models and discuss under which circumstances large friction leads to an increased level of non-Gaussianities. In particular, under our assumptions, we show that strong dissipation together with the required non-linear realization of the symmetries implies |f{sub NL}| {approx} {gamma}/c{sub s}{sup 2} H >> 1. As a paradigmatic example we work out a variation of the 'trapped inflation' scenario with local response functions and perform the matching with our effective theory. A detection of the generic type of signatures that result from incorporating dissipative effects during inflation, as we describe here, would teach us about the dynamics of the early universe and also extend the parameter space of inflationary models.
Lopez Nacir, Diana; /Buenos Aires, CONICET /Buenos Aires U.; Porto, Rafael A.; /Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study /ISCAP, New York /Columbia U.; Senatore, Leonardo; /Stanford U., ITP /SLAC /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Zaldarriaga, Matias; /Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study
Anode Effect Supression and Prediction - TMS
Apr 1, 2003 ... Anode Effect Supression and Prediction ... the overall effort to reduce the quantity of greenhouse gas emitted by the pots during anode effects.
Cost-Effectiveness of Two Different Techniques
Embolization of the Internal Iliac Artery: Cost-Effectiveness of Two Different ... cost -effectiveness of coils versus the Amplatzer Vascular. Plug (AVP) for occlusion�...
Effective Date: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
complementary goals in aviation and future space transportation, to coordinate planning efforts, and to haveEffective Date: MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING Between DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION IN AVIATION AND SPACE TRANSPORTATION I. PURPOSE The Department of TransportatiodFederal Aviation
Effective theory for deformed nuclei
Techniques from effective field theory are applied to nuclear rotation. This approach exploits the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry and the separation of scale between low-energy Nambu-Goldstone rotational modes and high-energy vibrational and nucleonic degrees of freedom. A power counting is established and the Hamiltonian is constructed at next-to-leading order.
Papenbrock, T
Polarization effects in plasmonic masks
In the implementation of most resolution enhancement techniques for optical lithography, full 3D simulation of effects such as topography imbalance in phase masks can be successfully modeled. However, these simulators do not appear to capture the full ... Keywords: DDM, FDTD, Lithography, OPC, Photomask, Plasmon, Polarization, RET, Reticle, SRAF
Frank Schellenberg; Kostas Adam; Liying Sun; Joe Matteo; Lambertus Hesselink
Hydrogen effects in MOS devices
Hydrogen has a dual effect in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices, leading to improvement or degradation of their characteristics in many ways. Here, we present a review of results from first-principles calculations on key processes involving hydrogen ... Keywords: Bias temperature instability, Embedment, First principles, Hydrogen, Interface, Metal gate, Nanotubes, SiO2
L. Tsetseris; D. M. Fleetwood; R. D. Schrimpf; X. J. Zhou; I. G. Batyrev; S. T. Pantelides
Fundamental constants in effective theory
There is a discussion between L. B. Okun, G. Veneziano and M. J. Duff, concerning the number of fundamental dimensionful constants in physics [1]. They advocated correspondingly 3, 2 and 0 fundamental constants. Here we consider this problem on example of the effective relativistic quantum field theory, which emerges in the low energy corner of quantum liquids and which reproduces many features of our physics including chiral fermions, gauge fields and dynamical gravity. 1 Introduction. The effective relativistic quantum field theory (RQFT) arising as emergent phenomenon in quantum liquids [2], or in other condensed matter systems [3], allows us to look at the problem of fundamental constants from the outside, i.e. from the point of view of an external observer who does not
G. E. Volovik
Soils and the greenhouse effect
This work addresses the present status and future trends concerning the effect of soils and their cover on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, the surface energy balance and the water balance. Comprising the proceedings of the conference on soils and the greenhouse effect, the book reviews the background of existing research in the field, while also identifying significant gaps in our understanding of the scientific issues and pointing the way to future work. In addition, the contributors discuss a wide range of topics, including geographic quantification of soil properties involved in fluxes of greenhouse gases; measurement of fluxes and extrapolation to smaller scales; remote sensing of land use; and regional estimation of evaporation and energy fluxes. Throughout, the emphasis is on quantification of greenhouse gas fluxes, evapotranspiration, and energy fluxes.
Bouwman, A.F.
Correlation effects on topological insulator
The strong correlation effects on topological insulator are studied in a two-sublattice system with an onsite single-particle energy difference $\\Delta$ between two sublattices. At $\\Delta=0$, increasing the onsite interaction strength $U$ drives the transition from the quantum spin Hall insulating state to the non-topological antiferromagnetic Mott-insulating (AFMI) state. When $\\Delta$ is larger than a certain value, a topologically trivial band insulator or AFMI at small values of $U$ may change into a quantum anomalous Hall state with antiferromagnetic ordering at intermediate values of $U$. Further increasing $U$ drives the system back into the topologically trivial state of AFMI. The corresponding phenomena is observable in the solid state and cold atom systems. We also propose a scheme to realize and detect these effects in cold atom systems.
Xiong-Jun Liu; Yang Liu; Xin Liu
Transverse Spin Effects at COMPASS
The investigation of transverse spin and transverse momentum effects in deep inelastic scattering is one of the key physics programs of the COMPASS collaboration. In the years 2002-2004 COMPASS took data scattering 160 GeV muons on a transversely polarized 6LiD target. In 2007, a transversely polarized NH3 target was used. Three different channels to access the transversity distribution function have been analyzed: The azimuthal distribution of single hadrons, involving the Collins fragmentation function, the azimuthal dependence of the plane containing hadron pairs, involving the two-hadron interference fragmentation function, and the measurement of the transverse polarization of lambda hyperons in the final state. Transverse quark momentum effects in a transversely polarized nucleon have been investigated by measuring the Sivers distribution function. Azimuthal asymmetries in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering give important information on the inner structure of the nucleon as well, and ca...
Schill, C
Nuclear effects in atomic transitions
Atomic electrons are sensitive to the properties of the nucleus they are bound to, such as nuclear mass, charge distribution, spin, magnetization distribution, or even excited level scheme. These nuclear parameters are reflected in the atomic transition energies. A very precise determination of atomic spectra may thus reveal information about the nucleus, otherwise hardly accessible via nuclear physics experiments. This work reviews theoretical and experimental aspects of the nuclear effects that can be identified in atomic structure data. An introduction to the theory of isotope shifts and hyperfine splitting of atomic spectra is given, together with an overview of the typical experimental techniques used in high-precision atomic spectroscopy. More exotic effects at the borderline between atomic and nuclear physics, such as parity violation in atomic transitions due to the weak interaction, or nuclear polarization and nuclear excitation by electron capture, are also addressed.
P�lffy, Adriana
Nuclear quantum effects in water
In this work, a path integral Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation of liquid water is performed. It is found that the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects systematically improves the agreement of first principles simulations of liquid water with experiment. In addition, the proton momentum distribution is computed utilizing a recently developed open path integral molecular dynamics methodology. It is shown that these results are in good agreement with neutron Compton scattering data for liquid water and ice.
Joseph A. Morrone; Roberto Car
Greenhouse effect and nature reserves
Global warming would diminish biological diversity by causing extinctions among reserve species. Patterns of climatic change are discussed, including global patterns of surface temperature increase, as predicted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and global changes in moisture patterns. The concept of biological reserves (essentially the same concept as biological refugia) is discussed, and the effect of climatic changes on reserves is discussed. The types of biological communities particularly at risk due to climatic changes are identified. 67 references, 3 figures.
Peters, R.L.; Darling, J.D.S.
Observation of the sling effect
When cloud particles are small enough, they move with the turbulent air in the cloud. On the other hand, as particles become larger their inertia affects their motions, and they move differently than the air. These inertial dynamics impact cloud evolution and ultimately climate prediction, since clouds govern the earth's energy balances. Yet we lack a simple description of the dynamics. Falkovich et al. describes theoretically a new dynamical mechanism called the "sling effect" by which extreme events in the turbulent air cause idealized inertial cloud particles to break free from the airflow (Falkovich G, Fouxon A, Stepanov MG 2002 Nature 419, 151). The sling effect thereafter causes particle trajectories to cross each other within isolated pockets in the flow, which increases the chance of collisions that form larger particles. We combined experimental techniques that allow for precise control of a turbulent flow with three-dimensional tracking of multiple particles at unprecedented resolution. In this way, we could observe both the sling effect and crossing trajectories between real particles. We isolated the inertial sling dynamics from those caused by turbulent advection by conditionally averaging the data. We found the dynamics to be universal in terms of a local Stokes number that quantifies the local particle velocity gradients. We measured the probability density of this quantity, which shows that sharp gradients become more frequent as the global Stokes number increases. We observed that sharp compressive gradients in the airflow initiated the sling effect, and that thereafter gradients in the particle flow ran away and steepened in a way that produced singularities in the flow in finite time. During this process both the fluid motions and gravity became unimportant. The results underpin a framework for describing a crucial aspect of inertial particle dynamics.
Gregory P. Bewley; Ewe Wei Saw; Eberhard Bodenschatz
Effective switching frequency multiplier inverter
A switching frequency multiplier inverter for low inductance machines that uses parallel connection of switches and each switch is independently controlled according to a pulse width modulation scheme. The effective switching frequency is multiplied by the number of switches connected in parallel while each individual switch operates within its limit of switching frequency. This technique can also be used for other power converters such as DC/DC, AC/DC converters.
Su, Gui-Jia (Oak Ridge, TN); Peng, Fang Z. (Okemos, MI)
Electrokinetic effects in power transformers
The behavior of dielectric fluids used for the cooling and insulation of power system equipment is significantly influenced by motion enforced by the action of circulating pumps. Not only can charges generated by streaming electrification accumulate to distort the electric field in positions where dielectric integrity is prejudiced, but the dielectric strength of the fluid is also altered per se by the actions of the flow in a complex, but predictable manner. Three important electrokinetic effects in transformer oil subjected to forced circulation are experimentally investigated using laboratory model ducts. Careful breakdown measurements with sustained voltage on flowing fluids have been extended to pulse voltages with a view to establishing the nature of time dependencies. The use of Schlieren optics on the duct has also demonstrated that flow patterns are modified by the imposition of electric fields through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effects. Present model studies invite speculation that not only streaming electrification but also forced circulation per se may prejudice dielectric structure in power system equipment and these effects need to be understood to permit informed design and safe operation. These models are discussed in this paper. 122 refs., 82 figs., 10 tabs.
Nelson, J.K.; Lee, M.J. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (USA). Dept. of Electric Power Engineering)
We investigate properties of the symmetry term in the equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter (NM) from the analysis of simulations of fragmentation events in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. For charge asymmetric systems a qualitative new feature in the liquid-gas phase transition is predicted: the onset of chemical instabilities with a mixture of isoscalar and isovector components. This leads to a separation into a higher density (``liquid'') symmetric and a low density (``gas'') neutron-rich phase, the so-called neutron distillation effect. We analyse the simulations with respect to the time evolution of the isospin dynamics, as well as with respect to the distribution and asymmetry of the final primary fragments. Qualitatively different effects arise in central collisions, with bulk fragmentation, and peripheral collisions with neck-fragmentation. The neck fragments produced in this type of process appear systematically more neutron-rich from a dynamical nucleon migration effect which is very sensitive to the symmetry term in regions just below normal density. In general the isospin dynamics plays an important role in all the steps of the reaction, from prompt nucleon emission to the sequential decay of the primary fragments. A fully microscopic description of the reaction dynamics including stochastic elements to treat fluctuations realistically is absolutely necessary in order to extract precise information on the fragmentation and the nuclear equation of state. We have performed simulations for fragment production events in $n$-rich ($^{124}Sn$) and $n$-poor ($^{112}Sn$) symmetric colliding systems.
V. Baran; M. Colonna; M. Di Toro; V. Greco; M. Zielinska-Phabe; H. H. Wolter
Effect of tax, financing, and operating-cost incentives on retiree homeowners' current and potential decisions to purchase energy-saving improvements
This study focused on retiree homeowners to determine their level of participation, causes of non-participation and the effect of selected incentive modifications on investment decisions. A descriptive-elemental approach was taken to explore three research questions. Fifty semi-structured interviews selected through restricted probability were conducted in Sun City, California. Findings were keyed to sex, age, education and income and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. Retiree homeowners had coped with rising utility costs through modified usage practice rather than through energy-saving investments. Concerns over access to funding, required initial payout, return on investment, future prices of energy and risk were highest among those of least education or income. A desire to retain an existing life style was important to those of higher education and income. Level of awareness of incentive features was also a major decision factor. The analysis indicated that energy-saving investments will increase if retiree homeowners are offered shared-cost obligation by the individual, government, and utility; exemption from sales tax for all energy-saving-item sales and service; state tax exemption for federal tax credits; exemption of energy-saving improvements from property tax; continued federal tax credit; investment loans sufficiently available to meet demand; energy-producing equipment available for rent or lease at reasonable rates.
Long, A.W. Jr.
Seven-effect absorption refrigeration
A seven-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is disclosed utilizing three absorption circuits. In addition, a heat exchanger is used for heating the generator of the low absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the medium absorption circuit. A heat exchanger is also provided for heating the generator of the medium absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the high absorption circuit. If desired, another heat exchanger can also be provided for heating the evaporator of the high absorption circuit with rejected heat from either the condenser or absorber of the low absorption circuit.
DeVault, Robert C. (Knoxville, TN); Biermann, Wendell J. (Fayetteville, NY)
Clinical Effects of Electric Shock
The ever-expanding use of electricity in everyday life has resulted in the creation of a sizable body of literature on electric shocks. People are potentially at risk of electric shock whether at home, at work, at school, or during recreation. The documented aftereffects vary in severity as well as body part affected. Thus, there is a need to catalog and understand the extent of the clinical effects of electric shock incidents that have been reported. This report characterizes and summarizes the findings...
A seven-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is disclosed utilizing three absorption circuits. In addition, a heat exchanger is used for heating the generator of the low absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the medium absorption circuit. A heat exchanger is also provided for heating the generator of the medium absorption circuit with heat rejected from the condenser and absorber of the high absorption circuit. If desired, another heat exchanger can also be provided for heating the evaporator of the high absorption circuit with rejected heat from either the condenser or absorber of the low absorption circuit. 1 fig.
DeVault, R.C.; Biermann, W.J.
Cost effectiveness of sonic drilling
Sonic drilling (combination of mechanical vibrations and rotary power) is an innovative environmental technology being developed in cooperation with DOE`s Arid-Site Volatile Organic Compounds Integrated Demonstration at Hanford and the Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration at Sandia. This report studies the cost effectiveness of sonic drilling compared with cable-tool and mud rotary drilling. Benefit of sonic drilling is its ability to drill in all types of formations without introducing a circulating medium, thus producing little secondary waste at hazardous sites. Progress has been made in addressing the early problems of failures and downtime.
Masten, D.; Booth, S.R.
Hall-effect arc protector
The Hall-Effect Arc Protector is used to protect sensitive electronics from high energy arcs. The apparatus detects arcs by monitoring an electrical conductor, of the instrument, for changes in the electromagnetic field surrounding the conductor which would be indicative of a possible arcing condition. When the magnitude of the monitored electromagnetic field exceeds a predetermined threshold, the potential for an instrument damaging are exists and the control system logic activates a high speed circuit breaker. The activation of the breaker shunts the energy imparted to the input signal through a dummy load to the ground. After the arc condition is terminated, the normal signal path is restored. 2 figs.
Rankin, R.A.; Kotter, D.K.
The Hall-Effect Arc Protector is used to protect sensitive electronics from high energy arcs. The apparatus detects arcs by monitoring an electrical conductor, of the instrument, for changes in the electromagnetic field surrounding the conductor which would be indicative of a possible arcing condition. When the magnitude of the monitored electromagnetic field exceeds a predetermined threshold, the potential for an instrument damaging are exists and the control system logic activates a high speed circuit breaker. The activation of the breaker shunts the energy imparted to the input signal through a dummy load to the ground. After the arc condition is terminated, the normal signal path is restored.
Rankin, Richard A. (Ammon, ID); Kotter, Dale K. (Shelley, ID)
The effect of gossypol in the diet of pregnant and postpartum Brahman cows on calf development and cow performance
To determine the effects of dietary free gossypol (FG) in prepartum and postpartum Brahman cows on calf development and cow performance, thirty-eight pregnant cows and twelve pregnant heifers were assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) Og FG.hd-l-d-I (FGHD) from soybean meal (SBM); 2) 2g FGHD from SBM and cottonseed meal (CSM); and 3) 4g FGHD from CSM. Prepartum and postpartum cow body weights were similar (P>.10) among treatments. Calf birth weight, 112-d gain and 205-d adjusted weaning weight also were similar (P>.10) among treatments. By 84 d on feed, cows fed 4g FGHD had higher (P.10) among treatments. Postpartum 4-hr milk production of the cows was not affected (P>.10) by treatment. By d 84 on feed, cows receiving 4g FGHD tended (P.10) among treatments. By d 84 on feed prior to calving, (x-tocopherol and 0-carotene were higher (P.10) among treatments in both cows and calves. On d 7 and 28 after calving, a-tocopherol tended to be lower (P<.10) and 0-carotene was lower (P<.04) in 4g than in Og FGHD calves. Calf metacarpal medial cortex (P<.07) and lateral cortex (treatment x sex; P<.04) were smaller in 4g FGHD calves than Og FGHD calves. By d 96-105 after calving, more (P<.03) cows consuming 4g and 2g FGHD had luteal activity than did the Og FGHD group. By d 112 postcalving, 2g and 4g FGHD cows had a higher conception rate (P<.06) than did the Og FGHD cows. In summary, some aspects of physiological function may be compromised, such as calf bone development and vitamin metabolism. The consumption of gossypol from CSM did not detrimentally affect long-term cow or calf production performance.
Willard, Scott Thomas
Designing Educationally Effective Algorithm Visualizations
Despite the intuitively compelling adage "a picture is worth a thousand words," attempts over the past decade to use animations to explain algorithms to students have produced disappointing results. In most cases interesting algorithm animations were designed, but no formal, systematic evaluations were conducted. When such evaluations were performed the results were mixed, with compelling evidence for the instructional superiority of algorithm animations failing to emerge. It is in this context that we embarked on a research program to develop educationally effective algorithm visualizations. This program was based on the premise that animations needed to be embedded in a knowledge and context providing hypermedia environment in order to effectively harness their power to enhance learning. This paper describes the architecture of the resulting Hypermedia Algorithm Visualization system HalVis. Four empirical studies with HalVis are described, which demonstrated that the extent of learning exhibited by students who used HalVis was significantly greater than that of students who used means of traditional instruction or a typical algorithm animation.
Steven Hansen; N. Hari Narayanan; Mary Hegarty
Introduction Sex determination provides an ideal system for examining how
Mendis-Handagama and Siril Ariyaratne, 2001). Very little information is available regarding and Function (ed. S. G. Hillier), pp. 17-29. New York: Raven Press. Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama, S. M
Richardson, David
Tobacco consumption: Examining age and sex patterns across countries.
??Background: Tobacco is an important risk factor, resulting in 6.3 million deaths annually. Prevalence estimates are often used to quantify the impact of tobacco but� (more)
Carnahan, Emily
Mechanism and Behavioral Context of Male Sex Pheromone ...
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Graham, Nick
Feminism and Pornography after the Sex Wars: Diversifying Pornography
is pornography as speech. Queer porn politicizes the eroticis ignored by mainstream porn is the variety of ways thisand power play in queer porn necessarily refers to the
Day, Allison
Federal Estate Tax Disadvantages for Same-Sex Couples
of Income Bulletin 26(1). Internal Revenue Service. 2007a. ?Size of Gross Estate. ? Internal Revenue Service, Statisticsof Income Division. Internal Revenue Service. 2007b. ?Estate
Steinberger, Michael D
EVALUATING CONSERVATION EFFECTIVENESS AND ADAPTATION IN DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES ADENA R. RISSMAN* I INTRODUCTION Despite the widespread use of conservation easements, their conservation outcomes are relatively unknown.1 Evaluating conservation easement effectiveness requires interdisciplinary research that reaches
Rissman, Adena
Effects of nuclear weapons. Third edition
Since the last edition of ''The Effects of Nuclear Weapons'' in 1962 much new information has become available concerning nuclear weapon effects. This has come in part from the series of atmospheric tests, including several at very high altitudes, conducted in the Pacific Ocean area in 1962. In addition, laboratory studies, theoretical calculations, and computer simulations have provided a better understanding of the various effects. A new chapter has been added on the electromagnetic pulse. The chapter titles are as follows: general principles of nuclear explosions; descriptions of nuclear explosions; air blast phenomena in air and surface bursts; air blast loading; structural damage from air blast; shock effects of surface and subsurface bursts; thermal radiation and its effects; initial nuclear radiation; residual nuclear radiation and fallout; radio and radar effects; the electromagnetic pulse and its effects; and biological effects. (LTN)
Glasstone, S.; Dolan, P.J.
Effects of Graphene on Stem Cell Fate
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2014 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Biological Materials Science Symposium. Presentation Title, Effects of�...
Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the Effectiveness...
Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the Effectiveness of Energy Efficient Government Procurement Programs Title Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the...
Effect of Dental Polymer Degree of Conversion on Oral Biofilms. Alison Kraigsley, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Nancy J. Lin. National ...
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures. Description/Summary: The Building and Fire Research Laboratory has an ...
Color Superconductivity: Symmetries and Effective Lagrangians
I briefly review the symmetries and the associated low energy effective Lagrangian for two light flavor Color Superconductivity (2SC).
Francesco Sannino
Making Effective User of Compilers at NERSC
Effective Use of Compilers Effective Use of Compilers at NERSC Michael Stewart NERSC User Services Group August 15, 2012 Introduction ● Description of the Hopper compiling environment. ● Strengths and weaknesses of each compiler. ● Advice on choosing the most appropriate compiler for your work. ● Comparative results on benchmarks and other codes. ● How to use the compilers effectively. ● Carver compiling environment.
Invert Effective Thermal Conductivity Calculation
The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivities of a repository-emplaced invert steel set and surrounding ballast material. The scope of this calculation analyzes a ballast-material thermal conductivity range of 0.10 to 0.70 W/m {center_dot} K, a transverse beam spacing range of 0.75 to 1.50 meters, and beam compositions of A 516 carbon steel and plain carbon steel. Results from this calculation are intended to support calculations that identify waste package and repository thermal characteristics for Site Recommendation (SR). This calculation was developed by Waste Package Department (WPD) under Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 1, ICN 0, Calculations.
M.J. Anderson; H.M. Wade; T.L. Mitchell
Sex Hormones Genotypes and Phenotypes and Determinants of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in relation to Type 2 Diabetes Risk
total energy intake (continuous), and reproductive history (usagetotal energy intake (continuous), and reproductive history: usagetotal energy intake (continuous), and reproductive history: usage
Overview of HPM Effects in Electronics
The following presentation contains an overview of HPM effects in modern electronics. HPM effects can be categorized into two basic level of effects, which are damaging and non-damaging. Damaging effects include junction breakdowns, dielectric breakdowns, and latch-up. These types of effects render a system inoperable until repaired. With non-damaging effects, HPM signals couple to into system components generating circuit responses that can overwhelm normal operation. Non-damaging effects can temporarily render a system inoperable or cause a system to lock and require a restart. Since modern systems are so complex, fundamental mechanisms of upset in circuit primitives are studied. All topics covered and all figured contained within are found in open literature. All data plots presented were obtained from experimental measurements conducted at the University of Maryland College Park and are also found in the open literature.
Holloway, Michael A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Nanoimprinted organic field-effect transistors: fabrication, transfer mechanism and solvent effects on device characteristics
The influence of solvent effects on the electrical characteristics of solution-processed organic field-effect transistors, with dihexylquaterthiophene (DH4T) as the active semiconductor material, has been investigated. A combination of nanoimprint and ... Keywords: nanoimprint lithography, organic field-effect transistors, short channel effects
A. P. Kam; J. Seekamp; V. Solovyev; C. Clavijo Cede�o; A. Goldschmidt; C. M. Sotomayor Torres
Electrokinetic effects such as static electrification can cause catastrophic failures in large forced-oil-cooled power transformers. Experimental and analytical studies confirm that surface charges can significantly impact dielectric integrity. The project team used a closed-loop oil circulation system and full-scale models of power transformer cooling duct structures to conduct controlled experiments. They measured charge density in the oil-resulting from flow through these structures-as a function of flow rate, temperature, ac voltage stress, moisture, and duct types. In addition, they constructed models so that the spatial distribution of electrostatically induced currents and stresses could be determined. They developed a finite-element computer program to study the complex voltage distribution in the models and in two transformer winding examples. A special test cell was used to examine the impact of surface charge on creep strength of transformer pressboard. Static electrification in power transformer duct structures is aggravated by flow rate, temperature, presence of collars, and ac energization; and it is mitigated by increasing oil moisture content. Shell-form model structures exhibit more charge generation than disk-type core-form winding ducts under corresponding conditions. Partial discharges were detected in one shell-form model but only under the worst conditions. These discharges were not energetic enough to produce visible damage. Preliminary finite-element analysis indicates that surface charge has more impact on cumulative stress in a shell-form geometry than in a core-form disk winding.
Nelson, J.K.; Lee, M.J.; Salon, S.J. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). Dept. of Electric Power Engineering)
Radioprotective effect of polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 400 (PEG-400) had a radioprotective effect of about 20% against lethality when given ip 20 min prior to single or fractionated X-ray doses to the head and neck. Dose modification factors (DMF) based on LD50/15 values ranged from 1.14 to 1.24. A similar DMF of 1.12 based on LD50/30 values was obtained using single doses of whole-body X irradiation. Mice given head and neck irradiation had significantly reduced rectal temperatures (31.3 +/- 3.0/sup 0/C) 9 days post irradiation compared with unirradiated controls (35.4 +/- 0.6/sup 0/C). No such reduction was observed when PEG-400 was given with radiation (36.3 +/- 0.9/sup 0/C). PEG-400 also lessened, but not significantly, the frequency of shivering in irradiated animals. Histopathologic examination of the oral structures demonstrated only marginal protection by PEG-400. Estimation of the alpha/beta ratio from LD50 data on head and neck-irradiated mice yielded values of 4.4 +/- 1.9 (95% confidence limits) Gy without PEG-400 and 7.9 +/- 1.4 Gy with PEG-400. Since it is a non-thiol radioprotector, PEG-400 may be more useful when combined with more conventional thiol-containing radioprotectors.
Shaeffer, J.; Schellenberg, K.A.; Seymore, C.H.; Schultheiss, T.E.; el-Mahdi, A.M.
Effect of Coal Blending By
Coal-fired power plants are a major source of mercury (Hg) released into the environment and the utility industry is currently investigating options to reduce Hg emissions. One control option is to utilize existing pollution control equipment such as wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers. The split (speciation) between chemical forms of mercury (Hg) species has a strong influence on the control and environmental fate of Hg emissions from coal combustion. The high-temperature coal combustion process releases Hg in elemental form (Hg 0). A significant fraction of the Hg 0 can be subsequently oxidized in the low-temperature, post-combustion environment of a coal-fired boiler. Relative to Hg 0, oxidized Hg (Hg 2+) is more effectively removed by air pollution control systems (APCS). For example, the water-soluble Hg 2+ is much more easily captured than insoluble Hg 0 in FGD units. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology widely applied for reducing NOX emissions from power plants also affects the speciation of Hg in the coal combustion flue gases. Recent full-scale field tests conducted in the U.S. showed increases in Hg oxidation across the SCR catalysts for plants firing bituminous coals with sulfur (S) content ranging from 1.0 to 3.9%. However, plants firing subbituminous Powder River Basin (PRB) coals which contains significantly lower chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S)
Pilot-scale Coal Combustor The; Shannon D. Serre; Chun Wai Lee
Radiation effects in the environment
Although the Navajo possess substantial resource wealth-coal, gas, uranium, water-this potential wealth has been translated into limited permanent economic or political power. In fact, wealth or potential for wealth has often made the Navajo the victims of more powerful interests greedy for the assets under limited Navajo control. The primary focus for this education workshop on the radiation effects in the environment is to provide a forum where scientists from the nuclear science and technology community can share their knowledge toward the advancement and diffusion of nuclear science and technology issues for the Navajo public. The scientists will make an attempt to consider the following basic questions; what is science; what is mathematics; what is nuclear radiation? Seven papers are included in this report: Navajo view of radiation; Nuclear energy, national security and international stability; ABC`s of nuclear science; Nuclear medicine: 100 years in the making; Radon in the environment; Bicarbonate leaching of uranium; and Computational methods for subsurface flow and transport. The proceedings of this workshop will be used as a valuable reference materials in future workshops and K-14 classrooms in Navajo communities that need to improve basic understanding of nuclear science and technology issues. Results of the Begay-Stevens research has revealed the existence of strange and mysterious concepts in the Navajo Language of nature. With these research results Begay and Stevens prepared a lecture entitled The Physics of Laser Fusion in the Navajo language. This lecture has been delivered in numerous Navajo schools, and in universities and colleges in the US, Canada, and Alaska.
Begay, F.; Rosen, L.; Petersen, D.F.; Mason, C.; Travis, B. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Yazzie, A. [Navajo Nation, Window Rock, AZ (United States). Dept. of History; Isaac, M.C.P.; Seaborg, G.T. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States); Leavitt, C.P. [Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing
Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing Contamination at West Valley Demonstration Project Unconventional Groundwater System Proves Effective in Reducing Contamination at West Valley Demonstration Project July 22, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis In the two years prior to the operation of the permeable treatment wall, pictured here, WVDP conducted extensive engineering and planning to ensure it would effectively remove strontium-90. In the two years prior to the operation of the permeable treatment wall, pictured here, WVDP conducted extensive engineering and planning to ensure it would effectively remove strontium-90. This 2009 photo shows a trenching machine, which is capable of cutting a continuous trench up to 30 feet deep and 3 feet wide. The machine was used in a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of zeolite placement as the trench was dug. This ensured a consistent depth and width for the zeolite placement along the entire length of the permeable treatment wall.
Quantifying Temperature Effects on Fall Chinook Salmon
The motivation for this study was to recommend relationships for use in a model of San Joaquin fall Chinook salmon. This report reviews literature pertaining to relationships between water temperature and fall Chinook salmon. The report is organized into three sections that deal with temperature effects on development and timing of freshwater life stages, temperature effects on incubation survival for eggs and alevin, and temperature effects on juvenile survival. Recommendations are made for modeling temperature influences for all three life stages.
Jager, Yetta [ORNL
The greenhouse effect and climate change
The physical basis of the projected changes in climate due to enhancement of the greenhouse effect is outlined. Gases important to the greenhouse effect are discussed as well as the expected changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases, potential climatic effects, and the ways of detecting changes in the climate. The potential warming due to man-made changes over the last 100 years is expected to be 1-2 K. 81 refs.
Mitchell, J.F.B. (Meteorological Office, Bracknell (England))
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines
Electrical effects can constrain the design of prospective high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines operating either alone or sharing the same rights of way structures with high-voltage alternate current (HVAC) lines. In 2013, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research on HVDC electrical effects focused on electric field and ion density at ground level. The ultimate goal of the project is to calculate with confidence these electrical effects. The algorithms on which the software currently ...
Effect of charging methods on battery electrodes
This paper reviews the effect of modified charging methods on the structure and behavior of several battery electrodes. These include the alkaline cadmium, zinc, silver oxide and nickel oxide electrodes. Also included are recent results obtained for pasted zinc electrodes and in acidic zinc chloride electrolytes. Modified charging methods can greatly affect electrodes perticularly when the charging reaction involving the nucleation, and growth of a new phase. Many of the observed morphological effects can be a described to nucleation and orientation effects.
McBreen, J.
CO2 Health Effects in Wildlife Species
The impetus for this project is the possible development of large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, transport, and storage (CCS) sites that have the potential to release CO2 into the environment and cause adverse health effects. The purpose of this project is to obtain information from the scientific literature on the effects of CO2 exposure in wildlife animal species. This report, along with previously documented information on the effects of CO2 in humans, laboratory animals, and domesticated animals...
Effective Video Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards
%*(,7;)4%(,.%3)% 0-32);-((-)&(A Nuclear Engineering Division Effective Video Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards "%&'()*+,-.+,012',0+213"+4"1."(156+...
Radiation Effects on Structural Ceramics in Fusion
Fusion Materials�Radiation Effects and Activation / Proceedings of the Seveth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Reno, Nevada, June 15�19, 1986)
G. R. Hopkins; R. J. Price; P. W. Trester
Greenhouse effect, sea level and drought
Four parts of this book relate successively to greenhouse effects, sea level, drought and water deficiency, and management techniques and case studies.
Paepe, R.; Fairbridge, R.W.; Jelgersma, S.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect
This document contains a non-technical review of the problems associated with atmospheric carbon dioxide and the resulting greenhouse effect. (TEM)
Firestine, M.W. (ed.)
Membrane Partitioning: �Classical� and �Nonclassical� Hydrophobic Effects
enthalpy compen- sation). The heat capacity associated withcomposition. The measured heat capacity values were used tolipid bilayers. Keywords Heat capacity � Hydrophobic effect
Fern�ndez-Vidal, M�nica; White, Stephen H.; Ladokhin, Alexey S.
Does Mixing Make Residential Ventilation More Effective?
Does Mixing Make Residential Ventilation More Effective? Maxmanufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitutethe University of California. Does Mixing Make Residential
Sherman, Max
Seasonality and Its Effects on Crop Markets
Understanding crop seasonality can improve a producer's marketing skills and options. The causes of seasonality and its effects on price changes are discussed.
Tierney Jr., William I.; Waller, Mark L.; Amosson, Stephen H.
NMR analogues of the quantum Zeno effect
We describe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) demonstrations of the quantum Zeno effect, and discuss briefly how these are related to similar phenomena in more conventional NMR experiments.
Li Xiao; Jonathan A. Jones
Effect of Nonproportional Loadings on Ductile Fracture
Abstract Scope, This study aims at understanding the effects of load path ... D-2: Forging of Magnesium Alloy by Impulsive Energy at Room Temperature.
Chemical and Microstructural Effects in Electrode Polarization
This presentation discusses the chemical and microstructural effects in electrode polarization and a relative comparison of contributions of the various polarizations in anode-supported cells.
Virkar, A.; Armstrong, T.; Radhakrishman, R.; Ramanan, G.; Zhao, F.; Singhal, S.
Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental...
Act Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act This handbook presents the results of research and consultations by the Council on Environmental...
Solid waste management and health effects.
?? This report investigates possible health effects due to improper disposal of waste and the awareness within a community. The aim was also to investigate� (more)
Selin, Emma
Effective Public Participation | Department of Energy
Environmental Policy Act. Effective Public Participation More Documents & Publications DOE, NEPA, and YOU Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of NEPA Statement...
String deformations induced by retardation effects
The rotating string model is an effective model of mesons, in which the quark and the antiquark are linked by a straight string. We previously developed a new framework to include the retardation effects in the rotating string model, but the string was still kept straight. We now go a step further and show that the retardation effects cause a small deviation of the string from the straight line. We first give general arguments constraining the string shape. Then, we find analytical and numerical solutions for the string deformation induced by retardation effects. We finally discuss the influence of the curved string on the energy spectrum of the model.
F. Buisseret; V. Mathieu; C. Semay
Micelle Effects in Liquid Scintillation Counting
... This is because of the �micelle effect� on scintillation efficiency. When an electron is emitted from a radionuclide, it loses energy while traversing the ...
Effect Of Alternative Fuels On Aftertreatment Device.
?? EFFECT OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS ON THE AFTERTREATMENT DEVICE. by BUNPREET SINGH Dec 2010 Advisor: Dr. Dinu Taraza Major: Mechanical Engineering Degree: Master of Science� (more)
Singh, Bunpreet
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Transgenerational Effects...
Transgenerational Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Irradiation in a Medaka Fish Model System Colorado State University Why this Project? There are major gaps in our knowledge about...
Effect of CeO - TMS
Jan 1, 2007 ... Effect of CeO2 on the Preparation and Properties of Nickel-Plated Carbon Fiber- Reinforced 2024 Alloy Matrix Composites by Tianjiao Luo�...
Remittances: determinants, motivations and effects
This dissertation examines the determinants, motivations and effects of remittances. In that last two decades remittances have gained interest due to their large size. For several developing countries remittances constitute a large portion of their gross domestic product and sometimes exceed foreign direct investment. In the first essay, I use a unique data set from Nicaragua to asses the behavior of persons who send money back home. I estimate a heteroskedastic Tobit with a known form of variance to estimate the correlation of the remitting decisions of migrants. Working, residing in a developed country and belonging to the nuclear family positively affect remittances. The labor status and the level of education of the head of the household both affect remittances. The decision to participate in the remitting process appears to be positively related across migrants within the same receiving household. The second essay presents a simple theoretical model of migrants' remitting behavior. I consider two general motivations for remitting: altruism and self-interest. From the same data set used in the first chapter, I estimate a heteroskedastic Tobit and a sample selection equation to empirically test the findings of the theoretical model. Evidence suggests that migrants from Nicaragua remit for altruistic reasons. Moreover some gender heterogeneity exists in the remitting behavior. In the last essay, I study the impact of remittances on a small open economy using a stochastic limited participation model with cash in advance constraints and costly adjustment of cash holdings. I examine the impact of remittances on the steady state of the economy and on the dynamic response of variables to money shocks, output shocks, and shocks to remittance flows. I also examine the impact on dynamic responses to shocks of alternative specifications regarding the initial impact of a monetary injection or a remittances shock on the economy. I find that a positive remittances shock forces the exchange rate to depreciate and lowers both output and consumption in the period of the shock, irrespective of adjustment costs on money balances. Also, the positive remittance shock lowers utility during the period of the shock but improves it thereafter.
Naufal, Georges Sami
Effect of Dead Algae on Soil Permeability
Since existing basins support heavy growths of unicellular green algae which may be killed by temperature variation or by inadvertent pH changes in waste and then deposited on the basin floor, information on the effects of dead algae on soil permeability was needed. This study was designed to show the effects of successive algal kills on the permeability of laboratory soil columns.
Harvey, R.S.
Nuclear Dynamics with Effective Field Theories
These are the proceedings of the international workshop on "Nuclear Dynamics with Effective Field Theories" held at Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany from July 1 to 3, 2013. The workshop focused on effective field theories of low-energy QCD, chiral perturbation theory for nuclear forces as well as few- and many-body physics. Included are a short contribution per talk.
Evgeny Epelbaum; Hermann Krebs
Epelbaum, Evgeny
Capture Effect of Randomly Addressed Polling Protocol
The capture effect, discussed in this paper, is generally considered to enhance the system�s performance in a wireless network. This paper also considers the Randomly Addressed Polling (RAP) protocol in the presence of a fading mobile radio ... Keywords: capture effect, noiseless, randomly addressed polling protocol
Jiang-Whai Dai
Equations were developed which permit a designer to evaluate the impact effect of a missile striking a structural element at high velocity. Examples of the use of the equations in calculations and comparisons of the relative effect of penetration on the equivalent static design load are included. Application to calculations of structural containnent for nuclear power plants is discussed briefly. (C. H.)
Williamson, R.A.; Alvy, R.R.
Positive and inverse isotope effect on superconductivity
This article improves the BCS theory to include the inverse isotope effect on superconductivity. An affective model can be deduced from the model including electron-phonon interactions, and the phonon-induced attraction is simply and clearly explained on the electron Green function. The focus of this work is on how the positive or inverse isotope effect occurs in superconductors.
Tian De Cao
A compressible flow model with capillary effects
A quasi-conservative formulation for compressible flows with interfaces including both capillary and viscous effects is developed. The model involves: (i) acoustic and convective transport; (ii) surface tension effects introduced as an extension of the ... Keywords: break-up, coalescence, compressibility, conservative formulation, interface capturing, mixture thermodynamics, surface tension, two-phase flows, viscosity
Guillaume Perigaud; Richard Saurel
The Environmental Science and Health Effects Program
The goal of the Environmental Science and Health Effect Program is to conduct policy-relevant research that will help us understand atmospheric impacts and potential health effects that may be caused by the use of petroleum-based fuels and alternative transportation fuels from mobile sources.
Michael Gurevich; Doug Lawson; Joe Mauderly
for resource allocation, long-term assessments of educational effectiveness, broadly construed, must undergraduates, primarily because of the faculty time they absorb and the costs of student support. The campus increasingly invested in information technology, we will be able to collect better data in cost effective ways
California at Santa Cruz, University of
A simple demonstration of the greenhouse effect
One of the greatest threats humankind may face in the future is the expected warming of the atmosphere within the next decades, caused by the release of infrared-absorbing gases especially carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. For an increase of atmospheric CO[sub 2] concentration to twice its present value, model calculations predict an increase in temperature of the lower atmosphere of 1.5 to 4.5 C, with concomitant dramatic effects on vegetation, climate, and ocean levels. Much has been published about causes, effects, and possible strategies for abatement of this greenhouse effect', and this important topic in science curricula.
Adelhelm, M.; Hoehn, E.G. (Paedagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg (Germany))
Effects of tritium gas exposure on various polymers have been studied over the last several years. Despite the deleterious effects of beta exposure on many material properties, structural polymers continued to be used in tritium systems. Improved understanding of the tritium effects will allow more resistant materials to be selected. Currently polymers find use mainly in tritium gas sealing applications (eg. valve stem tips, O-rings). Future uses being evaluated including polymeric based cracking of tritiated water, and polymer-based sensors of tritium.
Clark, E.; Fox, E.; Kane, M.; Staack, G.
Cerenkov effect in Lorentz-violating vacua
The emission of electromagnetic radiation by charges moving uniformly in a Lorentz-violating vacuum is studied. The analysis is performed within the classical Maxwell-Chern-Simons limit of the Standard-Model Extension and confirms the possibility of a Cerenkov-type effect. In this context, various properties of Cerenkov radiation including the rate, polarization, and propagation features, are discussed, and the backreaction on the charge is investigated. An interpretation of this effect supplementing the conventional one is given. The emerging physical picture leads to a universal methodology for studying the Cerenkov effect in more general situations.
Lehnert, Ralf; Potting, Robertus [CENTRA, Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-117 Faro (Portugal)
Effective field theories for inclusive B decays
In this thesis, we study inclusive decays of the B meson. These allow one to determine CKM elements precisely and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. We use the framework of effective field theories, in ...
Lee, Keith S. M. (Keith Seng Mun)
Environmental Assessment of Photovoltaic Systems and Effectiveness...
Photovoltaic Systems and Effectiveness Analysis of U.S. Renewable Energy Policies Speaker(s): Pei Zhai Date: October 25, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of...
Chameleon effect and the Pioneer anomaly
The possibility that the apparent anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft may be due, at least in part, to a chameleon field effect is examined. A small spacecraft, with no thin shell, can have a more pronounced anomalous acceleration than a large compact body, such as a planet, having a thin shell. The chameleon effect seems to present a natural way to explain the differences seen in deviations from pure Newtonian gravity for a spacecraft and for a planet, and appears to be compatible with the basic features of the Pioneer anomaly, including the appearance of a jerk term. However, estimates of the size of the chameleon effect indicate that its contribution to the anomalous acceleration is negligible. We conclude that any inverse-square component in the anomalous acceleration is more likely caused by an unmodelled reaction force from solar-radiation pressure, rather than a chameleon field effect.
John D. Anderson; J. R. Morris
The Flywheel Effect in the Middle Atmosphere
Because of the requirement of geostrophic balance, mechanical inertia can affect the thermal response of the atmosphere to transient heating. We examine some very simple linear models of this �flywheel effect,� and discuss their possible ...
Roelof K. Snieder; Stephen B. Fels
Climatological effects of atmospheric ozone: A review
The paper presents some results of model estimates of ozone (O/sub 3/) climatological effects. Specific issues involved in O/sub 3/ climate study and future research needs are discussed. (ACR)
Wang, W.C.
Blizzard entertainment: Diablo 3 cinematics wing effects
For Blizzard Entertainment's Diablo 3 cinematics, the archangels Imperious and Tyreal possessed wings that were an extension of each character's actions and mood. The fire and celestial wing effect concepts augmented the animation ...
Christopher Yang; Hosuk Chang; Bill La Barge; Jeremy Pilgrim; Jason Burton
Nuclear clusters with Halo Effective Field Theory
After a brief discussion of effective field theory applied to nuclear clusters, I present the aspect of Coulomb interactions, with applications to low-energy alpha-alpha and nucleon-alpha scattering.
Higa, Renato
Renato Higa
Decomposition of radiational effects of model feedbacks
Three separate doubled CO/sub 2/ experiments with the statistical dynamic model are used to illustrate efforts to study the climate dynamics, feedbacks, and interrelationships of meteorological parameters by decomposing and isolating their individual effects on radiation transport.
Ellsaesser, H.W.; MacCracken, M.C.; Potter, G.L.; Mitchell, C.S.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Micro Flames.
??The effect of a gradient magnetic field on a diffusion micro flame i.e. C3H8/air flame has been systematically studied to comprehend their interaction. A non-uniform� (more)
Swaminathan, Sumathi
Spin effects in single-electron transistors
Basic electron transport phenomena observed in single-electron transistors (SETs) are introduced, such as Coulomb-blockade diamonds, inelastic cotunneling thresholds, the spin-1/2 Kondo effect, and Fano interference. With ...
Granger, Ghislain
Solar Coronal Heating and Limb Effect
The quiet solar coronal heating problem and the observed center-to-limb wavelength variations of the solar lines (limb effect) can be explained. In this paper the quantitative calculations for these two phenomena are presented.
Zheng, Yi-Jia
Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on Ballistic Testing
The effects of atmospheric turbulence on munition target scatter are determined from numerical simulations of ballistic trajectories through many realizations of realistic simulated turbulent wind fields. A technique is evaluated for correcting ...
Rod Frehlich; Robert Sharman; Charles Clough; Michael Padovani; Kelly Fling; Ward Boughers; W. Scott Walton
Yi-Jia Zheng
Temperature dependence of the indentation size effect
The influence of temperature on the indentation size effect is explored experimentally. Copper is indented on a custom-built high-temperature nanoindenter at temperatures between ambient and 200 �C, in an inert atmosphere ...
Franke, Oliver
Study of Aerosol Indirect Effects in China
Aerosol Indirect Effects in China In 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility is providing the ARM Mobile...
Effects as functions on projective Hilbert space
The set of effect operators in a complex Hilbert space can be injectively embedded into the set of functions from the set of one-dimensional projections to the real interval [0,1]. Properties of this injection are investigated.
P. Busch; S. P. Gudder
The magnetocaloric effect in nanostructured materials
Giant magnetocaloric effect: Is there room for improvement? ... magnetocaloric properties and magnetoresistance in Mn-rich Mn50.5-xNi41Sn8.5+x alloys.
Rendering Wave Effects with Augmented Light Field
Ray�based representations can model complex light transport but are limited in modeling diffraction effects that require the simulation of wavefront propagation. This paper provides a new paradigm that has the simplicity ...
Raskar, Ramesh
Effects of Cloud Seeding in West Texas
The effect of randomized seeding with droppable silver iodide (AgI) flares in West Texas during the Southwest Cooperative Program is addressed. Attention is focused on individual convective cells and on the small mesoscale convective clusters ...
Daniel Rosenfeld; William L. Woodley
Stratification Effects in a Bottom Ekman Layer
A stratified bottom Ekman layer over a nonsloping, rough surface is studied using a three-dimensional unsteady large eddy simulation to examine the effects of an outer layer stratification on the boundary layer structure. When the flow field is ...
John R. Taylor; Sutanu Sarkar
Heat pipe effect in porous medium
In this thesis a parametric study of the thermal and hydrologic characteristics of the fractured porous tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada was conducted. The effects of different fracture and matrix properties including permeability, thermal conductivity, specific heat, porosity, and tortuosity on heat pipe performance in the vicinity of the waste package were observed. Computer simulations were carried out using TOUGH code on a Cray YMP-2 supercomputer. None of the fracture parameters affected the heat pipe performance except the mobility of the liquid in the fracture. Matrix permeability and thermal conductivity were found to have significant effect on the heat pipe performance. The effect of mass injection was studied for liquid water and air injected at the fracture boundary. A high rate of mass injection was required to produce any effect on the heat pipe. The fracture-matrix equilibrium is influenced by the matrix permeability and the matrix thermal conductivity.
Joseph, M.
Geometry effects of small MOSFET devices
The effects of diminishing MOS inversion channel length or width on device characteristics are discussed. As opposed to the geometric device size, an "electric device size" is established by normalizing all dimensions on an appropriately chosen depletion ...
F. H. Gaensslen
Effects of Sequence Partitioning on Compression Rate
In the paper, a theoretical work is done for investigating effects of splitting data sequence into packs of data set. We proved that a partitioning of data sequence is possible to find such that the entropy rate at each subsequence is lower than entropy rate of the source. Effects of sequence partitioning on overall compression rate are argued on the bases of partitioning statistics, and then, an optimization problem for an optimal partition is defined to improve overall compression rate of a sequence.
Alagoz, B Baykant
Lattice effects in the light actinides
The light actinides show a variety of lattice effects that do not normally appear in other regions of the periodic table. The article will cover the crystal structures of the light actinides, their atomic volumes, their thermal expansion behavior, and their elastic behavior as reflected in recent thermal vibration measurements made by neutron diffraction. A discussion of the melting points will be given in terms of the thermal vibration measurements. Pressure effects will be only briefly indicated.
Lawson, A.C.; Cort, B.; Roberts, J.A.; Bennett, B.I.; Brun, T.O.; Dreele, R.B. von [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Richardson, J.W. Jr. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)
Photovoltaics effective capacity: Interim final report 2
The authors provide solid evidence, based on more than 8 million data points, that regional photovoltaic (PV) effective capacity is largely unrelated to the region`s solar resource. They confirm, however, that effective capacity is strongly related to load-shape characteristics. The load-shape effective-capacity relationship appears to be valid for end-use loads as small as 100 kW, except possibly in the case of electrically heated buildings. This relationship was used as a tool to produce a US map of PV`s effective capacity. The regions of highest effective capacities include (1) the central US from the northern Great Plains to the metropolitan areas of Chicago and Detroit, down to the lower Mississippi Valley, (2) California and western Arizona, and (3) the northeast metropolitan corridor. The features of this map are considerably different from the traditional solar resource maps. They tend to reflect the socio-economic and climatic factors that indirectly drive PV`s effective capacity: e.g., commercial air-conditioning, little use of electric heat, and strong summer heat waves. The map provides a new and significant insight to a comprehensive valuation of the PV resource. The authors assembled preliminary evidence showing that end-use load type may be related to PV`s effective capacity. Highest effective capacities were found for (nonelectrically heated) office buildings, followed by hospitals. Lowest capacities were found for airports and residences. Many more data points are needed, however, to ascertain and characterize these preliminary findings.
Perez, R.; Seals, R. [State Univ. of New York, Albany, NY (United States). Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
Enhancing the Electrooptic Effect Using Modulation Instability
As electronic operating frequencies increase toward the terahertz regime, new electrooptic modulators capable of low-voltage high-frequency operation must be developed to provide the necessary optical interconnects. This letter presents a new concept that exploits modulation instability to enhance the intrinsically weak electrooptic effect, \\chi^(2). Simulations demonstrate more than 50 times enhancement of electrooptic effect at millimeter wave frequencies leading to a substantial reduction in the required modulation voltage.
DeVore, Peter T S; Jalali, Bahram
Great Lakes fish and the greenhouse effect
This short article discusses data presented at the Second North American Conference on Preparing for Climate Change, held in Washington, D.C. Magnuson and Regier predicted that Great Lakes fish productivity may increase as a result of the increased water temperatures caused by the greenhouse effect. However, they also predicted that other indirect alterations could do more harm than good; for example, the effects of warming on lake oxygen levels, or wind, which affects the mixing of warm, cool, and cold water.
Mlot, C.
Health Effects Review of Asbestos Substitutes
Concern about the possible health effects of asbestos on the general population and the workplace has stimulated interest in the manufacture and use of other natural and man-made fibers. This report summarizes information available through July 21, 1993, on the health effects--carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic--of exposure to these fibers, including glass fibers, rockwool and slagwool, refractory ceramic fibers, calcium silicate, and perlite.
Geometric Spin Hall Effect of Light
We describe a novel phenomenon occurring when a polarized Gaussian beam of light is observed in a Cartesian reference frame whose axes are not parallel to the direction of propagation of the beam. Such phenomenon amounts to an intriguing spin-dependent shift of the position of the center of the beam, with manners akin to the spin Hall effect of light. We demonstrate that this effect is unavoidable when the light beam possesses a nonzero transverse angular momentum.
Andrea Aiello; Christoph Marquardt; Gerd Leuchs
Ecological Effects of Coal Combustion Products
An extensive amount of research has been conducted to evaluate the potential adverse effects of coal-combustion products (CCPs) on the health of ecosystems. The objective of this project was to evaluate the ecological effects of CCPs and to identify the primary CCP-related factors that have the potential to pose the most substantial risk to ecological receptors. To meet this objective, the investigators conducted a comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed chemical and toxicological literature on the eco...
Effective hadron theories from a quark model
In the context of the quark exchange model of Lenz et al., effective hadron theories are constructed and the resulting physical observables compared to their ''experimental'' values as defined by the calculations using the exact quark model operators. This model study illustrates convergence issues for an effective hadron basis in a quark model in which all physical observables can be computed exactly.
Gardner, S.; Moniz, E.J.
Effect of trapping in degenerate quantum plasmas
In the present work we consider the effect of trapping as a microscopic process in a plasma consisting of quantum electrons and nondegenerate ions. The formation of solitary structures is investigated in two cases: first when the electrons are fully degenerate and second when small temperature effects are taken into account. It is seen that not only rarefactive but coupled rarefactive and compressive solitons are obtained under different temperature conditions.
Shah, H. A.; Qureshi, M. N. S. [Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Tsintsadze, N. [Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Salam Chair, GC University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan)
Multi-step effects in subcoulomb breakup
Following earlier one-step calculations, we explore the contributions of multi-step effects for the breakup of low energy $^8$B on $^{58}$Ni and $^{208}$Pb within a coupled discretised continuum channels (CDCC) formalism. The Coulomb multi-step differential cross section is significantly reduced for all angles, the largest effect being the destructive interference of nuclear couplings. The nuclear peak, at around $80^\\circ$ in the one-step calculation for $^{58}$Ni, virtually disappears.
F. M. Nunes; I. J. Thompson
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines--2012
Electrical effects may constrain the design of prospective high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines, when either alone or sharing the same structures with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) lines. In 2012, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research focused on electric field and ion density at ground level. The ultimate goal is to calculate with confidence these electrical effects. The work built on research previously performed, including pioneering research performed at EPRI�s ...
Coeur d'Alene Tribe Fisheries Program Research, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan; Implementation of Fisheries Enhancement Opportunities on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation, 1997-2002 Technical Report.
Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are currently of special concern regionally and are important to the culture and subsistence needs of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. The mission of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe Fisheries Program is to restore and maintain these native trout and the habitats that sustain them in order to provide subsistence harvest and recreational fishing opportunities for the Reservation community. The adfluvial life history strategy exhibited by westslope cutthroat and bull trout in the Lake Coeur d'Alene subbasin makes these fish susceptible to habitat degradation and competition in both lake and stream environments. Degraded habitat in Lake Coeur d'Alene and its associated streams and the introduction of exotic species has lead to the decline of westslope cutthroat and listing of bull trout under the endangered species act (Peters et al. 1998). Despite the effects of habitat degradation, several streams on the Reservation still maintain populations of westslope cutthroat trout, albeit in a suppressed condition (Table 1). The results of several early studies looking at fish population status and habitat condition on the Reservation (Graves et al. 1990; Lillengreen et al. 1993, 1996) lead the Tribe to aggressively pursue funding for habitat restoration under the Northwest Power Planning Council's (NWPPC) resident fish substitution program. Through these efforts, habitat restoration needs were identified and projects were initiated. The Coeur d'Alene Tribe Fisheries Program is currently involved in implementing stream habitat restoration projects, reducing the transport of sediment from upland sources, and monitoring fish populations in four watersheds on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation (Figure 1). Restoration projects have included riparian plantings, addition of large woody debris to streams, and complete channel reconstruction to restore historical natural channel forms. In addition, ponds have been constructed to trap sediment from rill and gully erosion associated with agricultural practices, and to provide flow enhancement and ameliorate elevated stream temperatures during the summer base flow period. The implementation of restoration efforts that target the key habitats and lifestages for resident westslope cutthroat trout on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation is one means the Tribe is using to partially mitigate for lost anadromous fisheries. In this context, restoration is consistent with the definition provided by Ebersole et al. (1997), who described stream restoration as the reexpression of habitat capacity in a stream system. At the reach scale, habitat capacity is affected by biotic (e.g., riparian vegetation) and physical (e.g., flooding) processes. Superimposed on the natural biotic and physical processes are anthropogenic stressors (e.g., logging, roads and grazing) that suppress habitat capacity and can result in simplified, degraded stream reaches. The effectiveness of habitat restoration, measured as an increase in native trout abundance, is dependent on reducing limiting factors (e.g., passage barriers, high water temperatures, sediment transport from source areas) in areas that are critical for spawning and rearing lifestages. This plan outlines a monitoring strategy to help determine the effectiveness of specific restoration/enhancement treatments and to track the status of trout populations in four target watersheds.
Vitale, Angelo; Lamb, Dave; Peters, Ronald
Biological effectiveness of neutrons: Research needs
The goal of this report was to provide a conceptual plan for a research program that would provide a basis for determining more precisely the biological effectiveness of neutron radiation with emphasis on endpoints relevant to the protection of human health. This report presents the findings of the experts for seven particular categories of scientific information on neutron biological effectiveness. Chapter 2 examines the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the assumptions used to estimate human risk from neutrons and other radiations. Chapter 3 discusses the qualitative and quantitative models used to organize and evaluate experimental observations and to provide extrapolations where direct observations cannot be made. Chapter 4 discusses the physical principles governing the interaction of radiation with biological systems and the importance of accurate dosimetry in evaluating radiation risk and reducing the uncertainty in the biological data. Chapter 5 deals with the chemical and molecular changes underlying cellular responses and the LET dependence of these changes. Chapter 6, in turn, discusses those cellular and genetic changes which lead to mutation or neoplastic transformation. Chapters 7 and 8 examine deterministic and stochastic effects, respectively, and the data required for the prediction of such effects at different organizational levels and for the extrapolation from experimental results in animals to risks for man. Gaps and uncertainties in this data are examined relative to data required for establishing radiation protection standards for neutrons and procedures for the effective and safe use of neutron and other high-LET radiation therapy.
Casarett, G.W.; Braby, L.A.; Broerse, J.J.; Elkind, M.M.; Goodhead, D.T.; Oleinick, N.L.
Spin hall effect in paramagnetic thin films
Spintronics, an abbreviation of spin based electronics and also known as magneto electronics, has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. It aims to explore the role of electrons� spins in building next generation electric devices. Using electrons� spins rather than electrons� charges may allow faster, lower energy cost devices. Spin Hall Effect is an important subfield of spintronics. It studies spin current, spin transport, and spin accumulation in paramagnetic systems. It can further understanding of quantum physics, device physics, and may also provide insights for spin injection, spin detection and spin manipulation in the design of the next generation spintronics devices. In this experimental work, two sets of experiments were prepared to detect the Spin Hall Effect in metallic systems. The first set of experiments aims to extract Spin Hall Effect from Double Hall Effect in micrometer size metal thin film patterns. Our experiments proved that the Spin Hall Effect signal was much smaller than the theoretically calculated value due to higher electrical resistivity in evaporated thin films. The second set of experiments employs a multi-step process. It combines micro fabrication and electrochemical method to fabricate a perpendicular ferromagnet rod as a spin injector. Process description and various techniques to improve the measurement sensitivity are presented. Measurement results in aluminum, gold and copper are presented in Chapters III, IV and V. Some new experiments are suggested in Chapters V and VI.
Xu, Huachun
This Letter discusses how re-emission of absorbed solar light by centimeter- to decimeter-sized structures on the surface of an asteroid can create a component of the recoil force that is parallel to the surface. Under certain conditions, the western sides of stones appears to be on average slightly warmer than their eastern sides, thus experiencing stronger recoil force and increasing the rotation rate of the asteroid. We study this effect, called the tangential YORP effect, in a toy model, replacing stones with walls and simulating heat conductivity in them. We discuss general trends of the effect, estimate its magnitude, and find it to be comparable to the normal YORP effect determined by gross-scale asymmetry of the asteroid. The existence of this effect would modify the predictions of the YORP acceleration of asteroids. In some cases, equilibrium between tangential and normal components of YORP is possible, resulting in a large number of asteroids expected to have no net YORP acceleration, which can be the case for Itokawa.
Golubov, Oleksiy [Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, ZAH, University of Heidelberg, Moenchhofstrasse 12-14, Heidelberg 69120 (Germany); Krugly, Yurij N., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Astronomy of Kharkiv National University, Sumska Street 35, Kharkiv 61022 (Ukraine)
Fixed and Random Effects in Nonlinear Models
This paper surveys recently developed approaches to analyzing panel data with nonlinear models. We summarize a number of results on estimation of fixed and random effects models in nonlinear modeling frameworks such as discrete choice, count data, duration, censored data, sample selection, stochastic frontier and, generally, models that are nonlinear both in parameters and variables. We show that notwithstanding their methodological shortcomings, fixed effects are much more practical than heretofore reflected in the literature. For random effects models, we develop an extension of a random parameters model that has been used extensively, but only in the discrete choice literature. This model subsumes the random effects model, but is far more flexible and general, and overcomes some of the familiar shortcomings of the simple additive random effects model as usually formulated. Once again, the range of applications is extended beyond the familiar discrete choice setting. Finally, we draw together several strands of applications of a model that has taken a semiparametric approach to individual heterogeneity in panel data, the latent class model. A fairly straightforward extension is suggested that should make this more widely useable by practitioners. Many of the underlying results already appear in the literature, but, once again, the range of applications is smaller than it could be.
William Greene
Lake Effect Energy LLC | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Effect Energy LLC Effect Energy LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Lake Effect Energy LLC Place Buffalo, New York Sector Wind energy Product Wind Project Developer in New York State. Coordinates 42.88544°, -78.878464° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.88544,"lon":-78.878464,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Using OpenMP Effectively on Hopper
Using OpenMP Effectively Using OpenMP Effectively Using OpenMP Effectively Performance Implications of Using OpenMP A combined team of NERSC and Cray staff has formed a Cray "Center of Excellence" to examine programming models beyond pure MPI on the 24 core Hopper nodes. One of the key findings with hybrid MPI-OpenMP codes is that although OpenMP may not alter the performance of an application very much, using OpenMP can dramatically decrease memory usage, allowing larger problems to be addressed. See the figures and explanations below. When using hybrid OpenMP-MPI in applications NERSC strongly suggests running with 4 MPI tasks and 6 OpenMP threads each per node. Using 1 MPI task and 24 OpenMP threads per node is NOT an optimal way to use the Hopper nodes, as it is very hard to address the performance implications of the
Effective Design Strategies | Department of Energy
Effective Design Strategies Effective Design Strategies Effective Design Strategies October 16, 2013 - 4:47pm Addthis As described in the Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG), all Federal agencies are required to follow the Guiding Principles for New Construction and Major Renovations, which include considerations for renewable energy. Renewable energy technologies can vary by building type and by climate zone, so Federal agencies should fully assess all options before incorporating them into building design. The most common renewable energy technology and design strategies include: Focus on the efficient use of energy, including natural resources Ensure that the building is solar ready Consider the most common renewable energy technology options Look for additional opportunities Focus on Energy Efficiency
Threshold Effects of Energy Price Changes ?
The effectiveness of policies to reduce the use of energy depend on the elasticity of substitution between the various inputs and on the rate of technological progress. This paper presents a theoretical model emphasising energy investments� characteristics of uncertainty and irreversibility that result in hypotheses concerning the relative values of substitution parameters and rates of technological change in periods of high and increasing energy prices and in periods of low prices. The theoretical model suggests that threshold level effects exist. Firms are induced to substitute away from energy only if prices of energy exceed a certain threshold level and they reverse the technology only if prices are low enough. Using panel data for the Dutch economy we do not find threshold effects in the level of energy prices.
Daan P. Van Soest A; Gerard H. Kuper B; Jan Jacobs C
Irradiation effects on borosilicate waste glasses
The effects of alpha decay on five borosilicate glasses containing simulated nuclear high-level waste oxides were studied. Irradiations carried out at room temperature were achieved by incorporating 1 to 8 wt % /sup 244/Cm/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in the glasses. Density changes and stored-energy build-up saturated at doses less than 2 x 10/sup 21/ alpha decays/kg. Damage manifested by stored energy was completely annealed at 633/sup 0/K. Positive and negative density changes were observed which never exceeded 1%. Irradiation had very little effect on mechanical strength or on chemical durability as measured by aqueous leach rates. Also, no effects were observed on the microstructure for vitreous waste glasses, although radiation-induced microcracking could be achieved on specimens that had been devitrified prior to irradiation.
Roberts, F.P.
Probing Nano-Mechanical QED Effects
We propose and study an "intrinsic probing" approach, without introducing any external detector, to mimic cavity QED effects in a qubit-nanomechanical resonator system. This metallic nanomechanical resonator can act as an intrinsic detector when a weak driving current passes through it. The nanomechanical resonator acts as both the cavity and the detector. A cavity QED-like effect is demonstrated by the correlation spectrum of the electromotive force between the two ends of the nanomechanical resonator. Using the quantum regression theorem and perturbation theory, we analytically calculate the correlation spectrum. In the weak driving limit, we study the effect on the vacuum Rabi splitting of both the strength of the driving as well as the frequency-detuning between the charge qubit and the nanomechanical resonator. Numerical calculations confirm the validity of our intrinsic probing approach.
Y. B. Gao; S. Yang; Yu-xi Liu; C. P. Sun; Franco Nori
Effective Light Dynamics in Perturbed Photonic Crystals
In this work, we rigorously derive effective dynamics for light from within a limited frequency range propagating in a photonic crystal that is modulated on the macroscopic level; the perturbation parameter $\\lambda \\ll 1$ quantifies the separation of spatial scales. We do that by rewriting the dynamical Maxwell equations as a Schr\\"odinger-type equation and adapting space-adiabatic perturbation theory. Just like in the case of the Bloch electron, we obtain a simpler, effective Maxwell operator for states from within a relevant almost invariant subspace. A correct physical interpretation for the effective dynamics requires to establish two additional facts about the almost invariant subspace: (1) The source-free condition has to be verified and (2) it has to support real states. The second point also forces one to consider a multiband problem even in the simplest possible setting; This turns out to be a major difficulty for the extension of semiclassical methods to the domain of photonic crystals.
Giuseppe De Nittis; Max Lein
The Electric Aharonov-Bohm Effect
In their seminal paper Aharonov and Bohm (1959) claimed that electromagnetic fields can act at a distance on charged particles even if they are identically zero in the region of space where the particles propagate. They proposed two experiments to verify their theoretical conclusions. The magnetic effect, that has been extensively studied, and the electric effect where an electron is affected by a time-dependent electric potential that is constant in the region where the electron is propagating, i.e., such that the electric field vanishes along its trajectory. The Aharonov-Bohm effects imply such a strong departure from the physical intuition coming from classical physics that it is no wonder that they remain a highly controversial issue, after more than fifty years. The existence of electric Aharonov-Bohm effect, that has not been confirmed experimentally, is a very controversial issue. In their 1959 paper Aharonov and Bohm proposed an Ansatz for the solution to the Schroedinger equation in regions where there is a time-dependent electric potential that is constant in space. It consists in multiplying the free evolution by a phase given by the integral in time of the potential. The validity of this Ansatz predicts interference fringes between parts of a coherent electron beam that are subjected to different potentials. In this paper we prove that the exact solution to the Schroedinger equation is given by the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz up to an error bound in norm that is uniform in time and that decays as a constant divided by the velocity. Our results give, for the first time, a rigorous proof that quantum mechanics predicts the existence of the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect, under conditions that we provide. We hope that our results will estimulate the experimental research on the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Ricardo Weder
Dynamic effective mass of granular media
We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the frequency-dependent effective mass, $\\tilde{M}(\\omega)$, of loose granular particles which occupy a rigid cavity to a given filling fraction, the remaining volume being air of differing humidities. This allow us to study the mechanisms of elastic response and attenuation of acoustic modes in granular media. We demonstrate that this is a sensitive and direct way to measure those properties of the granular medium that are the cause of the changes in acoustic properties of structures containing grain-filled cavities. Specifically, we apply this understanding to the case of the flexural resonances of a rectangular bar with a grain-filled cavity within it. The dominant features of $\\tilde{M}(\\omega)$ are a sharp resonance and a broad background, which we analyze within the context of simple models. We find that: a) These systems may be understood in terms of a height-dependent and diameter-dependent effective sound speed ($\\sim 100-300$ m/s) and an effective viscosity ($\\sim 5\\times 10^4$ Poise). b) There is a dynamic Janssen effect in the sense that, at any frequency, and depending on the method of sample preparation, approximately one-half of the effective mass is borne by the side walls of the cavity and one-half by the bottom. c) By performing experiments under varying humidity conditions we conclude that, on a fundamental level, damping of acoustic modes is dominated by adsorbed films of water at grain-grain contacts in our experiments, not by global viscous dampening. d) There is a monotonically increasing effect of humidity on the dampening of the fundamental resonance within the granular medium which translates to a non-monotonic, but predictable, variation of dampening within the grain-loaded bar.
John Valenza; Chaur-Jian Hsu; Rohit Ingale; Nicolas Gland; Hern�n A. Makse; David Linton Johnson
Health Effects Associated with Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6)
Hexafluoride (UF6) UF6 Health Effects Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) line line Properties of UF6 UF6 Health Effects Health Effects Associated with Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) Uranium...
Heavy quark symmetry in the soft collinear effective theory
We study strong interaction effects in nonleptonic decays of ... mesons with energetic particles in the final state. An introduction to Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET), the appropriate effective field theory of QCD ...
Mantry, Gautam
Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Behavior and Mechanical ...
The effect of heat treatment on the rotating beam fatigue strength of .... E9: Effect of Shot Peening on Bending Strength of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Pipe � Effect of�...
Plasmonic metamaterial enhanced axionic magnetoelectric effect
Axionic electrodynamics predicts many peculiar magnetoelectric-based properties. Hitherto, simple structures such as one-dimensional multilayers were employed to explore these axionic magnetoelectric responses, and Fabry-P\\'{e}rot interference mechanism was frequently applied to augment these effects. In this Letter, we propose a new mechanism, metamaterial-enhanced axionic magnetoelectric response, by taking advantage of intense enhancement of localized electromagnetic fields associated with plasmonic resonances. Through numerical simulations, we show that plasmonic metamaterial can enhance axionic magnetoelectric effect by two orders of magnitude.
Zeng, Yong
Quantum plasma effects in the classical regime
For quantum effects to be significant in plasmas it is often assumed that the temperature over density ratio must be small. In this paper we challenge this assumption by considering the contribution to the dynamics from the electron spin properties. As a starting point we consider a multicomponent plasma model, where electrons with spin up and spin down are regarded as different fluids. By studying the propagation of Alfv\\'{e}n wave solitons we demonstrate that quantum effects can survive in a relatively high-temperature plasma. The consequences of our results are discussed.
G. Brodin; M. Marklund; G. Manfredi
Health and Ecological Effects of Selenium
Selenium is a naturally occurring element that can be found at background levels in food, soil, and water. It is also present in coal combustion products (CCPs) and CCP leachate. While selenium is essential to human and animal life, it has the potential to cause toxicity to humans and other organisms above a certain threshold level. This report summarizes the adverse human and ecological effects that can potentially occur from overexposure to selenium and the levels at which the effects can occur, with p...
Electron reactions in nonpolar liquids: Pressure effects
Theory predicts that electron energy levels in nonpolar molecular hydrocarbons should increase in energy with density/pressure increase, and therefore electron attachment rates in solution should change with pressure. Studies of pressure effect on electron mobility show that some contraction occurs around trapped electrons, but more contraction occurs around ions in hydrocarbons. After a brief discussion of pressure effects on electron energy levels and mobility, this paper reports studies of electron attachment reactions of N{sub 2}O, CO{sub 2}, and n-C{sub 5}F{sub 12} in tetramethylsilane, and of toluene, benzene, CO{sub 2}, and 1,3-butadiene in several solvents.
Holroyd, R.A.
Fundamental and effective Yang-Mills vertices
Calorons and plane waves within and in between them collectively give rise to a thermal ground state. The latter provides a homgeneous energy density and a negative pressure, and it induces quasiparticle masses to part of the propagating spectrum of deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics (dynamical gauge-symmetry breaking). In the present talk we discuss the role of a single caloron in inducing effective local vertices, characterized by powers of h, mediating the interaction of plane waves which propagate over large distances. The constraints on momentum transfers through effective 4-vertices are revisited.
Hofmann, Ralf [ITP, Universitaet Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
Effective Potential Energy Expression for Membrane Transport
All living cells transport molecules and ions across membranes, often against concentration gradients. This active transport requires continual energy expenditure and is clearly a nonequilibrium process for which standard equilibrium thermodynamics is not rigorously applicable. Here we derive a nonequilibrium effective potential that evaluates the per particle transport energy invested by the membrane. A novel method is used whereby a Hamiltonian function is constructed using particle concentrations as generalized coordinates. The associated generalized momenta are simply related to the individual particle energy from which we identify the effective potential. Examples are given and the formalism is compared with the equilibrium Gibb's free energy.
Robert W. Finkel
Fractional Effective Action at strong electromagnetic fields
In 1936, Weisskopf showed that for vanishing electric or magnetic fields the strong-field behavior of the one loop Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian of quantum electro dynamics (QED) is logarithmic. Here we generalize this result for different limits of the Lorentz invariants \\(\\vec{E}^2-\\vec{B}^2\\) and \\(\\vec{B}\\cdot\\vec{E}\\). The logarithmic dependence can be interpreted as a lowest-order manifestation of an anomalous power behavior of the effective Lagrangian of QED, with critical exponents \\(\\delta=e^2/(12\\pi)\\) for spinor QED, and \\(\\delta_S=\\delta/4\\) for scalar QED.
Hagen Kleinert; Eckhard Strobel; She-Sheng Xue
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor L. Smilenov 1 , M. Grad 2 , D. Attinger 2 and E.Hall 1 1 Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University DOE Grant: DEPS0208ER0820 Abstract: miRNA are 21-23 mer RNA molecules which are essential for organism development and cell functions. They regulate gene expression by binding to the 3'UTR of mRNA, inducing either
DRAFT NEPA Guidance on Consideration of the Effects of Climate...
DRAFT NEPA Guidance on Consideration of the Effects of Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions DRAFT NEPA Guidance on Consideration of the Effects of Climate Change and...
International Study of the Sublethal Effects of Fire Smoke on ...
... Study of the Sublethal Effects of Fire Smoke on Survival and Health� (SEFS) to provide scientific information on these effects for public policy makers ...
Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar...
Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance-Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases Title Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect...
An effective stochastic excitation strategy for finding elusive...
An effective stochastic excitation strategy for finding elusive NMR signals from solids Title An effective stochastic excitation strategy for finding elusive NMR signals from...
Understanding the Effects of Compression and Constraint on Water...
Understanding the Effects of Compression and Constraint on Water Uptake of Fuel-Cell Membranes Title Understanding the Effects of Compression and Constraint on Water Uptake of...
Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability...
Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability This report describes the Virtual...
Laser wavelength effects in ultrafast near-field laser nanostructuring...
Laser wavelength effects in ultrafast near-field laser nanostructuring of Si Title Laser wavelength effects in ultrafast near-field laser nanostructuring of Si Publication Type...
Identifying Cost-Effective Residential Energy Efficiency Opportunities...
Identifying Cost-Effective Residential Energy Efficiency Opportunities for the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative Identifying Cost-Effective Residential Energy Efficiency...
DOE Moab Site Cost-Effectively Eliminates 200 Million Gallons...
Moab Site Cost-Effectively Eliminates 200 Million Gallons of Contaminated Ground Water DOE Moab Site Cost-Effectively Eliminates 200 Million Gallons of Contaminated Ground Water...
Changing the Climate: Looking Towards a More Cost Effective,...
Changing the Climate: Looking Towards a More Cost Effective, Energy Efficient Future Changing the Climate: Looking Towards a More Cost Effective, Energy Efficient Future November...
Changing the Climate: Looking Towards a More Cost Effective, Energy Efficient Future, November 18, 2008 Changing the Climate: Looking Towards a More Cost Effective, Energy...
Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems in California: The Effect...
Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems in California: The Effect on Home Sales Prices Title Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems in California: The Effect on Home Sales Prices...
Different Effects of Neodymium and Strontium on the High ...
Different effects of Nd and Sr were observed via continuous heating experiments ... Frequency Modulation Effect on the Solidification of Alloy 718 Fusion Zone.
The Effect of Daylighting Strategies on Building Cooling Loads...
The Effect of Daylighting Strategies on Building Cooling Loads and Overall Energy Performance Title The Effect of Daylighting Strategies on Building Cooling Loads and Overall...
Effects of airflow infiltration on the thermal performance of...
Effects of airflow infiltration on the thermal performance of internally insulated ducts Title Effects of airflow infiltration on the thermal performance of internally insulated...
Threshold effect in lead-induced peripheral neuropathy
We previously demonstrated a negative correlation between blood lead level and motor nerve conduction velocity in 202 asymptomatic 5 to 9-year-old children living near a lead smelter in Idaho. Blood lead levels ranged from 13 to 97 micrograms/dL. To determine whether a threshold exists between blood lead level and maximal motor nerve conduction velocity, we conducted three regression analyses on these data: a ''hockey stick'' regression, a logistic regression, and a quadratic regression. We found evidence for a threshold in all three analyses: at a blood level of 30 micrograms/dL in the ''hockey stick'' regression, at 20 micrograms/dL in the logistic, and at 25 to 30 micrograms/dL in the quadratic. Neither age, sex, socioeconomic status, nor duration of residence near the smelter significantly modified the relationship. These analyses confirm that asymptomatic increased lead absorption causes slowing of nerve conduction, but they also indicate that measurement of maximal motor nerve conduction velocity is an insensitive screen for low-level lead toxicity.
Schwartz, J.; Landrigan, P.J.; Feldman, R.G.; Silbergeld, E.K.; Baker, E.L. Jr.; von Lindern, I.H.
Effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review
Recent improvements in radiation therapy of some malignancies in lower abdominal sites are leading to prolongation of life in persons of child-bearing age. These successes require an evaluation of the possible undesirable consequences of the unavoidable gonadal irradiation that occurs in these cases. A review of radiobiological data from experimental animal studies and retrospective clinical studies suggests that in most instances human gonadal exposures in both sexes are insufficient to cause permanent sterility, because the exposures are fractionated and the total gonadal dose is much less than 600 rads. As a consequence, return of fertility must be anticipated, and the worrisome questions of radiation-induced genetic damage in subsequent pregnancies must be addressed. This review did not substantiate this fear, because no case reports could be found of malformed infants among the progency of previously irradiated parents. Some experimental studies suggest that radiation-damaged spermatogonia are self-destructive, but any evidence for this phenomenon in the ovary is nonexistent. We suggest that the difference between fact and theory here may be the mathematical result of the interplay of low probability for occurrences and the few patients who until now have survived long enough for study. (auth)
Lushbaugh, C.C.; Casarett, G.W.
Comparison of Two Interpretations of Josephson Effect
This paper puts forward an interpretation of the Josephson effect based on the Alternative Theory of Superconductivity (ATS). A comparison of ATS- and BCS-based interpretations is provided. It is demonstrated that the ATS-based interpretation, unlike that based on BCS theory, does not require a revision of fundamentals of quantum physics.
I. M. Yurin
Nuclear weapons, nuclear effects, nuclear war
This paper provides a brief and mostly non-technical description of the militarily important features of nuclear weapons, of the physical phenomena associated with individual explosions, and of the expected or possible results of the use of many weapons in a nuclear war. Most emphasis is on the effects of so-called ``strategic exchanges.``
Bing, G.F.
Effects of Pressure on Oxygen Sensors
To measure the effects of pressure on the output of a membrane oxygen sensor and a nonmembrane oxygen sensor, the authors pressure cycled a CTD sensor package in a laboratory pressure facility. The CTD sensor package was cycled from 30 to 6800 db ...
M. J. Atkinson; F. I. M. Thomas; N. Larson
Effective evacuation support using IT tools
The contribution deals with the possibilities of using information technologies as supporting tools to make the process of evacuation of populations from endangered areas more effective. The major shift from the present state should be done above all ... Keywords: FLOREON+, SFVI, electronic sirens, evacuation, flood, protection of population
Pavel Senovsky; Ales Bernatik; Michail Senovsky
Chiral effective field theory and nuclear forces
We review how nuclear forces emerge from low-energy QCD via chiral effective field theory. The presentation is accessible to the non-specialist. At the same time, we also provide considerable detailed information (mostly in appendices) for the benefit of researchers who wish to start working in this field.
Machleidt, R
Effects of communication medium on interpersonal perceptions
This paper uses a social psychological perspective to study the effectiveness of different media of communication and how they influence interactions in social groups and organizations. In particular, we are interested in the social richness of the media-how ... Keywords: CMC, computer-mediated communication, impression management, organizations, power, telephone
Joanie B. Connell; Gerald A. Mendelsohn; Richard W. Robins; John Canny
Effect of gamma irradiation on optical isolators
The effects of gamma radiation on optical isolators have been investigated. This study has included the simultaneous irradiation and measurement of the individual emitters and detectors making up the isolators. In this manner, the net effect of irradiation on the isolators could be attributed to the degradation of either the emitter or detector, or both. As expected, isolators containing photodiodes are more radiation resistant than those containing phototransistors. In the photodiode isolator the LED is responsible for essentially all the gamma-induced isolator degradation. The performance of phototransistor isolators depends strongly on the phototransistor bias, V/sub CE/ , and the LED input current, I/sub LED/. At high I/sub LED/ and low V/sub CE/ where gamma-induced surface effects in the phototransistor are minimized, the degradation of the isolator is due primarily to the LED which is more sensitive than the LED in the photodiode isolator. In contrast, at low I/sub LED/ and high V/sub CE/, gamma-induced surface damage in the phototransistor is the dominant effect and the isolator is quite sensitive to irradiation. (auth)
Soda, K.J.; Barnes, C.E.; Kiehl, R.A.
Carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect
Hearings were held to examine when the impacts of the greenhouse effect would begin to be seen, how severe these impacts will be, and how the government's research programs on this phenomenon will proceed. A review of the Department of Energy's research program was initiated.
This book contains the proceedings of a NATO sponsored symposium in 1989. The book is divided into five parts: (1) Greenhouse Effects (6 papers); (2) Sea Level (4 papers); (3) Drought and Water Deficiency (10 papers); (4) Management, Techniques, and Case Studies (20 papers); and (5) Conclusions (1 paper).
Paepe, R.; Fairbridge, R.; Jelgersma, S. (eds.)
Human effects on the global atmosphere
This review considers whether human activities can significantly change important functions of the global atmosphere by altering the amount or distribution of certain trace species. It deals with three specific topics: stratopheric ozone, the role of species other than carbon dioxide on the greenhouse effect, and certain recently recognized atmospheric consequences of a large scale nuclear war. 64 references, 10 figures, 2 tables.
Johnston, H.S.
The Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
We investigate the quantum Hall effect in graphene. We argue that in graphene in presence of an external magnetic field there is dynamical generation of mass by a rearrangement of the Dirac sea. We show that the mechanism breaks the lattice valley degeneracy only for the $n=0$ Landau levels and leads to the new observed $\
Paolo Cea
Effective criteria for web page changes
A number of similarity metrics have been used to measure the degree of web page changes in the literature. In this paper, we define criteria for web page changes to evaluate the effectiveness of the metrics. Using real web pages and synthesized pages, ...
Shin Young Kwon; Sang Ho Lee; Sung Jin Kim
Heat Transfer in Superfluids: Effect of Gravity
We discuss the influence of an external field on energy transport in superfluid. He-II is not isothermal in presence of Earth gravity; instead, it supports finite temperature gradient given by a Fourier-like equation. We calculate asymptotic behavior of the effective heat resistance in the vicinity of the $\\lambda$-transition.
L. A. Melnikovsky
Voltage unbalance effects on induction motor performance
The reliability of electric drives and driven motors depends on the quality of the power supply voltage especially in the critical industrial process. In this work, a theoretical study of the effects of voltage unbalances, sags and swells on induction ... Keywords: efficiency, power losses and derating factor, sags, symmetrical components, voltage unbalance
L. Refoufi; H. Bentarzi; F. Z. Dekhandji
Non-Unit Faculty Effective Date
SUBJECT: Non-Unit Faculty Evaluation Effective Date: 05-18-11 Policy Number: 4-500.1 Supersedes: 4 Adoption: 03-30-05 APPLICABILITY/ACCOUNTABILITY: This policy is applicable to all units and departments that employ non-unit faculty employees in regular positions. POLICY STATEMENT: Non-unit faculty members
Glebov, Leon
Household type load's effects on photovoltaic systems
The solar energy is one of the most important energy sources available because, besides the fact that it is not polluting the environment and it helps to the reduction of green house effect, it is free of charge and it can be easily converted to other ... Keywords: A.C. loads, D.C. loads, compact fluorescent lamp, photovoltaic system, power LED
Nazmi Ekren; Nevzat Onat; Safak Saglam
Light and Color in Nature -Scattering Effects -
in reactor, nuclear bomb · Limit: Diffusion Theory Very many scattering events Effective anisotropy · Strongly wavelength-dependent (1/4) WS03/04: Light and Color in Nature Scattering Scattering Theory equation · Astrophysics Radiation density inside stars · Nuclear physics Neutron density & velocity
Assarsson, Ulf
Fractional Quantization of the Hall Effect
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is caused by the condensation of a two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field into a new type of macroscopic ground state, the elementary excitations of which are fermions of charge 1/m, where m is an odd integer. A mathematical description is presented.
Laughlin, R. B.
Lake-Effect Snowfall over Lake Michigan
Aircraft measurements of snow particle size spectra from 36 flights on 26 snowy days are used to estimate snow precipitation rates over Lake Michigan. Results show that average rates during 14 wind-parallel-type lake-effect storms increased from ...
Roscoe R. Braham Jr.; Maureen J. Dungey
DOTS: support for effective video surveillance
DOTS (Dynamic Object Tracking System) is an indoor, real-time, multi-camera surveillance system, deployed in a real office setting. DOTS combines video analysis and user interface components to enable security personnel to effectively monitor views of ... Keywords: multiple video streams, person tracking, security cameras, video surveillance
Andreas Girgensohn; Don Kimber; Jim Vaughan; Tao Yang; Frank Shipman; Thea Turner; Eleanor Rieffel; Lynn Wilcox; Francine Chen; Tony Dunnigan
Organisational change management through effective internal communication
This article takes a case study approach to analyse the effectiveness of internal communication policies and processes during a period of significant organisational change caused by the introduction of new technology into a firm's core business activity. ... Keywords: New Zealand, case study, change management, digital age, information systems, internal communication, organisational change, organisational culture
Anne Daae Nordvang; Deborah Rolland; Ken Simpson
Microbial Effects on Nuclear Waste Packaging Materials
Microorganisms may enhance corrosion of components of planned engineered barriers within the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain (YM). Corrosion could occur either directly, through processes collectively known as Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), or indirectly, by adversely affecting the composition of water or brines that come into direct contact with engineered barrier surfaces. Microorganisms of potential concern (bacteria, archea, and fungi) include both those indigenous to Yucca Mountain and those that infiltrate during repository construction and after waste emplacement. Specific aims of the experimental program to evaluate the potential of microorganisms to affect damage to engineered barrier materials include the following: Indirect Effects--(1) Determine the limiting factors to microbial growth and activity presently in the YM environment. (2) Assess these limiting factors to aid in determining the conditions and time during repository evolution when MIC might become operant. (3) Evaluate present bacterial densities, the composition of the YM microbial community, and determining bacterial densities if limiting factors are overcome. During a major portion of the regulatory period, environmental conditions that are presently extant become reestablished. Therefore, these studies ascertain whether biomass is sufficient to cause MIC during this period and provide a baseline for determining the types of bacterial activities that may be expected. (4) Assess biogenic environmental effects, including pH, alterations to nitrate concentration in groundwater, the generation of organic acids, and metal dissolution. These factors have been shown to be those most relevant to corrosion of engineered barriers. Direct Effects--(1) Characterize and quantify microbiological effects on candidate containment materials. These studies were carried out in a number of different approaches, using whole YM microbiological communities, a subset of YM bacteria, and select reference organisms. Studies were carried out to determine morphological alterations to materials surfaces and using electrochemical methods to help quantify effects and modes of MIC, and to provide additional alternative means of evaluating MIC effects. They were carried out only under conservative conditions (low temperature, saturated conditions); thus, resulting conclusions may be considered an upper bound of potential biological effects on tested materials.
Horn, J; Martin, S; Carrillo, C; Lian, T
The Effects of Ingot Composition and Conversion on the Mechanical ...
Table of Contents Abstract...................................................................................................................................................... 4 THE EFFECT OF CHLORINE ON CORROSION IN DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................................................. 5
F. Cantor; Jae K. Park, Ph.D.; Prasit Vaiyavatjamai
Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages
5: Create 5: Create Effective Messages to someone by E-mail Share Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on Facebook Tweet about Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on Twitter Bookmark Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on Google Bookmark Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on Delicious Rank Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on Digg Find More places to share Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Step 5: Create Effective Messages on AddThis.com... Getting Started Driving Demand Set Goals & Objectives Create an Evaluation Plan Conduct Audience Research Identify Target Audiences & Behavior Changes
Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act
Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act This handbook presents the results of research and consultations by the Council on Environmental Quality concerning the consideration of cumulative effects in analyses prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). It introduces the NEPA practitioner and other interested parties to the complex issue of cumulative effects, outlines general principles, presents useful steps, and provides information on methods of cumulative effects analysis and data sources. Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act More Documents & Publications EIS-0333: Draft Environmental Impact Statement
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor L. Smilenov Columbia University Abstract miRNA are 21-23 mer RNA molecules which are essential for organism development and cell functions. They regulate gene expression by binding to the 3âUTR of mRNA, inducing either mRNA degradation or mRNA silencing. The most characteristic properties of miRNA are their multi-targeting potential (one miRNA may target many genes). This high information content of miRNAs makes them very important factors in cell reprogramming. Since these are small molecules which can potentially pass through gap junctions, it is logical to consider their role in cell to cell communication. We hypothesized that miRNA transfer between cells is likely to occur under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis we developed a system designed
Effect of coupling on intrabeam scattering
The effect of coupling between horizontal and vertical betatron oscillations on the growth of a beam due to a intrabeam scattering has been studied. It was suggested that the presence of coupling may reduce the effects of intrabeam scattering. A procedure is outlined for revising intrabeam scattering theory to include coupling. There is one case where a plausible solution is not difficult to find, and this is the case of complete coupling. In this case, although coupling reduces the initial horizontal growth rate by a factor of 2, the final size of the beam after many hours is reduced by about 15%. An invariant is found that relates the energy spread and the transverse beam size that is valid at high energies and for the case of complete coupling.
Parzen, G.
SPS environmental effects on the upper atmosphere
The ionospheric effects and associated environmental impacts which may be produced during the construction and operation of a solar power satellite system are reviewed. Propellant emissions from heavy lift-launch vehicles are predicted to cause widespread ionospheric depletions in electron and ion densities. Collisional damping of the microwave power beam in the lower ionosphere can significantly enhance the local free electron temperatures. Thermal self-focusing of the power beam in the ionosphere may excite variations in the beam power-flux density and create large-scale field-aligned electron density irregularities. These large-scale irregularities may also trigger the formation of small-scale plasma striations. Ionospheric modifications can lead to the development of potentially serious telecommunications and climate impacts. A comprehensive research program is being conducted to understand the physical interactions driving these ionospheric effects and to determine the scope and magnitude of the associated environmental impacts.
Duncan, L.M.
Terrain effects in resistivity and magnetotelluric surveys
A three-dimensional finite element computer algorithm which can accommodate arbitrarily complex topography and subsurface structure, has been developed to model the resistivity response of the earth. The algorithm has undergone extensive evaluation and is believed to provide accurate results for realistic earth models. Testing included comparison to scale model measurements, analytically calculated solutions, and results calculated numerically by other independent means. Computer modeling experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to remove the effect of topography on resistivity data under conditions where such effects dominate the response. This can be done without resorting to lengthy and costly trial and error computer modeling. After correction, the data can be interpreted with confidence that the anomalies are due only to subsurface structure. The results of case studies on resistivity field data measured in high relief topography are discussed.
Holcombe, H.T.
Nuclear effective field theory on the lattice
In the low-energy region far below the chiral symmetry breaking scale (which is of the order of 1 GeV) chiral perturbation theory provides a model-independent approach for quantitative description of nuclear processes. In the two- and more-nucleon sector perturbation theory is applicable only at the level of an effective potential which serves as input in the corresponding dynamical equation. To deal with the resulting many-body problem we put chiral effective field theory (EFT) on the lattice. Here we present the results of our lattice EFT study up to next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. Accurate description of two-nucleon phase-shifts and ground state energy ratio of dilute neutron matter up to corrections of higher orders shows that lattice EFT is a promising tool for a quantitative description of low-energy few- and many-body systems.
Hermann Krebs; Bugra Borasoy; Evgeny Epelbaum; Dean Lee; Ulf-G. Mei� ner
Canada, carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect
One of the major contributors to the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Even with its low population density, Canada, on a per capita basis, has the dubious distinction of being the world's fourth largest producer of carbon from carbon dioxide. This paper considers the impact of Canadian carbon dioxide emissions on the greenhouse effect in light of the 1988 Conference on the Changing Atmosphere's recommendations. A computer model has been developed that, when using anticipated Canadian fossil fuel demands, shows that unless steps are taken immediately, Canada will not be able to meet the conference's proposed carbon dioxide reduction of 20 percent of 1988 levels by the year 2005, let alone meet any more substantial cuts that may be required in the future.
Hughes, L.; Scott, S. (Dept. of Mathematics and Computing Science, Saint Mary' s Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 (CA))
Reservoir response to tidal and barometric effects
Solid earth tidal strain and surface loading due to fluctuations in barometric pressure have the effect, although extremely minute, of dilating or contracting the effective pore volume in a porous reservoir. If a well intersects the formation, the change in pore pressure can be measured with sensitive quartz pressure gauges. Mathematical models of the relevant fluid dynamics of the well-reservoir system have been generated and tested against conventional well pumping results or core data at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF), California and at the Raft River, Geothermal Field (RRGF), Idaho. Porosity-total compressibility product evaluation based on tidal strain response compares favorably with results based on conventional pumping techniques. Analysis of reservoir response to barometric loading using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) stochastic modeling appears also to have potential use for the evaluation of reservoir parameters.
Hanson, J.M.
Single-event effects in avionics
The occurrence of single-event upset (SEU) in aircraft electronics has evolved from a series of interesting anecdotal incidents to accepted fact. A study completed in 1992 demonstrated that SEU`s are real, that the measured in-flight rates correlate with the atmospheric neutron flux, and that the rates can be calculated using laboratory SEU data. Once avionics DEU was shown to be an actual effect, it had to be dealt with in avionics designs. The major concern is in random access memories (RAM`s), both static (SRAM`s) and dynamic (DRAM`s), because these microelectronic devices contain the largest number of bits, but other parts, such as microprocessors, are also potentially susceptible to upset. In addition, other single-event effects (SEE`s), specifically latch-up and burnout, can also be induced by atmospheric neutrons.
Normand, E. [Boeing Defense and Space Group, Seattle, WA (United States)] [Boeing Defense and Space Group, Seattle, WA (United States)
Effective resistance on random electrical networks
Take a big graph and make a random electrical network of it by assigning independent resistances on its edges. Now, ask for the behaviour of the effective resistance between two vertices (two ``poles'') far apart. We assume in general that resistances are bounded away from 0 and infinity. In this paper, we study three cases of effective resistance in such random electrical networks: from one side to another in a box of $Z^d$, between two points in $Z^2$, and between two points on a cylinder graph $GxZ$. For all these cases, we obtain the right order of the fluctuations when the poles move apart from each other, and give corresponding subgaussian concentration inequalities. For the cylinder graphs, we prove two additional results: a central limit theorem and a result of uniform stability with respect to noise.
Benaim, Michel; Rossignol, Raphael
Observations of the Askaryan Effect in Ice
We report on the first observations of the Askaryan effect in ice: coherent impulsive radio Cherenkov radiation from the charge asymmetry in an electromagnetic (EM) shower. Such radiation has been observed in silica sand and rock salt, but this is the first direct observation from an EM shower in ice. These measurements are important since the majority of experiments to date that rely on the effect for ultra-high energy neutrino detection are being performed using ice as the target medium. As part of the complete validation process for the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment, we performed an experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in June 2006 using a 7.5 metric ton ice target, yielding results fully consistent with theoretical expectations.
ANITA collaboration; P. W. Gorham; S. W. Barwick; J. J. Beatty; D. Z. Besson; W. R. Binns; C. Chen; P. Chen; J. M. Clem; A. Connolly; P. F. Dowkontt; M. A. DuVernois; R. C. Field; D. Goldstein; A. Goodhue; C. Hast; C. L. Hebert; S. Hoover; M. H. Israel; J. Kowalski; J. G. Learned; K. M. Liewer; J. T. Link; E. Lusczek; S. Matsuno; B. Mercurio; C. Miki; P. Miocinovic; J. Nam; C. J. Naudet; J. Ng; R. Nichol; K. Palladino; K. Reil; A. Romero-Wolf; M. Rosen; D. Saltzberg; D. Seckel; G. S. Varner; D. Walz; F. Wu
Gorham, P.W.
Coulombic effect and renormalization in nuclear pairing
We investigate the effects of the Coulomb force on the nuclear pairing properties by performing the Gogny Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations for the N=20, 28, 50, 82, and 126 nuclei. The Coulomb force reduces the proton pair energy and the even-odd mass difference by about 25%, except for nuclei at and around the proton shell or subshell closure. We then propose a renormalization scheme via a reduction factor {gamma}{sub p} for the proton pairing channel. It is found that a single value {gamma}{sub p}=0.90 accounts well for the Coulombic effect for nuclei covering a wide range of the mass number and the neutron excess, including the nuclei around the shell or subshell closure.
Nakada, H.; Yamagami, M. [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522 (Japan); Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8580 (Japan)
Radiation Effects in the Space Telecommunications Environment
Trapped protons and electrons in the Earth's radiation belts and cosmic rays present significant challenges for electronics that must operate reliably in the natural space environment. Single event effects (SEE) can lead to sudden device or system failure, and total dose effects can reduce the lifetime of a telecommmiications system with significant space assets. One of the greatest sources of uncertainty in developing radiation requirements for a space system is accounting for the small but finite probability that the system will be exposed to a massive solar particle event. Once specifications are decided, standard laboratory tests are available to predict the total dose response of MOS and bipolar components in space, but SEE testing of components can be more challenging. Prospects are discussed for device modeling and for the use of standard commercial electronics in space.
Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Winokur, Peter S.
Effective string theory and QCD scattering amplitudes
QCD string is formed at distances larger than the confinement scale and can be described by the Polchinski-Strominger effective string theory with a nonpolynomial action, which has nevertheless a well-defined semiclassical expansion around a long-string ground state. We utilize modern ideas about the Wilson-loop/scattering-amplitude duality to calculate scattering amplitudes and show that the expansion parameter in the effective string theory is small in the Regge kinematical regime. For the amplitudes we obtain the Regge behavior with a linear trajectory of the intercept (d-2)/24 in d dimensions, which is computed semiclassically as a momentum-space Luescher term, and discuss an application to meson scattering amplitudes in QCD.
Makeenko, Yuri [Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow (Russian Federation)
We develop the concept of frequency dependent effective mass, M(omega), of jammed granular materials which occupy a rigid cavity to a filling fraction of 48%, the remaining volume being air of normal room condition or controlled humidity. The dominant features of M(omega) provide signatures of the dissipation of acoustic modes, elasticity and aging effects in the granular medium. We perform humidity controlled experiments and interpret the data in terms of a continuum model and a "trap" model of thermally activated capillary bridges at the contact points. The results suggest that attenuation in the granular materials is influenced significantly by the kinetics of capillary condensation between the asperities at the contacts.
Chaur-Jian Hsu; David L. Johnson; Rohit A. Ingale; John J. Valenza; Nicolas Gland; Hernan A. Makse
Neutron Detection via the Cherenkov Effect
We have incorporated neutron-absorbing elements in transparent, non-scintillating glasses and used the Cherenkov effect to convert neutron-induced beta-gamma radiation directly into light. Use of the Cherenkov effect requires glasses with a high index of refraction (to lower the threshold and increase the number of Cherenkov photons), and neutron absorbers resulting in radioactive products emitting high-energy beta or gamma radiation. In this paper, we present a brief description of the requirements for developing efficient Cherenkov-based neutron detectors, show the results of measurements of the response of representative samples to a thermal neutron flux, and give the results of a calculation of the expected response of a detector to a moderated fission spectrum.
Bell, Zane W [ORNL; Boatner, Lynn A [ORNL
Atomic Polarization and the Hanle Effect
This article presents an introduction to optical pumping, atomic polarization and the Hanle effect in weakly magnetized stellar atmospheres. Although the physical processes and the theoretical framework described here are of interest for applications in a variety of astrophysical contexts (e.g. scattering polarization in circumstellar envelopes and polarization in astronomical masers), the article focuses mainly on the quest for understanding the physical origin of the linearly polarized solar limb spectrum. It considers also the development of the Hanle effect as a reliable diagnostic tool for making feasible new advances in solar photospheric and chromospheric magnetism. Particular emphasis is given to a rigorous modeling of polarization phenomena as the essential link between theory and observations. Some of the most recent advances in this field are presented after carefully explaining how the various radiation pumping mechanisms lead to atomic polarization in the absence and in the presence of weak magnetic fields.
Javier Trujillo-Bueno
Charm mass effects in bulk channel correlations
The bulk viscosity of thermalized QCD matter at temperatures above a few hundred MeV could be significantly influenced by charm quarks because their contribution arises four perturbative orders before purely gluonic effects. In an attempt to clarify the challenges of a lattice study, we determine the relevant imaginary-time correlator (of massive scalar densities) up to NLO in perturbation theory, and compare with existing data. We find discrepancies much larger than in the vector channel; this may hint, apart from the importance of taking a continuum limit, to larger non-perturbative effects in the scalar channel. We also recall how a transport peak related to the scalar density spectral function encodes non-perturbative information concerning the charm quark chemical equilibration rate close to equilibrium.
Y. Burnier; M. Laine
Health effects of coal technologies: research needs
In this 1977 Environmental Message, President Carter directed the establishment of a joint program to identify the health and environmental problems associated with advanced energy technologies and to review the adequacy of present research programs. In response to the President's directive, representatives of three agencies formed the Federal Interagency Committee on the Health and Environmental Effects of Energy Technologies. This report was prepared by the Health Effects Working Group on Coal Technologies for the Committee. In this report, the major health-related problems associated with conventional coal mining, storage, transportation, and combustion, and with chemical coal cleaning, in situ gasification, fluidized bed combustion, magnetohydrodynamic combustion, cocombustion of coal-oil mixtures, and cocombustion of coal with municipal solid waste are identified. The report also contains recommended research required to address the identified problems.
Not Available
Shape Dynamics and Effective Field Theory
Shape Dynamics is a gauge theory based on spatial diffeomorphism- and Weyl-invariance which is locally indistinguishable form classical General Relativity. If taken seriously, it suggests that the spacetime--geometry picture that underlies General Relativity can be replaced by a picture based on spatial conformal geometry. This classically well understood trading of gauge symmetries opens new conceptual avenues in many approaches to quantum gravity. I focus on the general implications for quantum gravity and effective field theory and consider the application of the Shape Dynamics picture in the exact renormalization group approaches to gravity, loop- and polymer- quantization approaches to gravity and low energy effective field theories. I also discuss the interpretation of known results through in the Shape Dynamics picture, in particular holographic renormalization and the problem of time in canonical quantum gravity.
Tim Koslowski
Quantum gravity effects in the Kerr spacetime
We analyze the impact of the leading quantum gravity effects on the properties of black holes with nonzero angular momentum by performing a suitable renormalization group improvement of the classical Kerr metric within quantum Einstein gravity. In particular, we explore the structure of the horizons, the ergosphere, and the static limit surfaces as well as the phase space available for the Penrose process. The positivity properties of the effective vacuum energy-momentum tensor are also discussed and the 'dressing' of the black hole's mass and angular momentum are investigated by computing the corresponding Komar integrals. The pertinent Smarr formula turns out to retain its classical form. As for their thermodynamical properties, a modified first law of black-hole thermodynamics is found to be satisfied by the improved black holes (to second order in the angular momentum); the corresponding Bekenstein-Hawking temperature is not proportional to the surface gravity.
Reuter, M. [Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz (Germany); Tuiran, E. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 via a Puerto Colombia, AA-1569 Barranquilla (Colombia)
Volcanoes and Climate Effects of Aerosols
CONTENTS 8.1 Importance of volcanoes, natural aerosols, and anthropogenic aerosols 341 8.2 Major scientific questions and hypotheses 342 8.2.1 Stratospheric volcanic aerosols and climate 342 18.104.22.168 Source gases for stratospheric aerosols 342 184.108.40.206 Explosiveness and plume history during individual eruptions 343 184.108.40.206 Frequency of eruptions, tectonic setting, rock/ash vs. SO 2 343 220.127.116.11 Gas-to-particle conversion and removal mechanisms 343 126.96.36.199 Radiative properties and climatic effects of stratospheric aerosols 345 22.214.171.124 Needed satellite and in situ measurements 347 22.214.171.124.1 Global observations of stratospheric aerosol optical properties 347 220.127.116.11.2 Lidar measurements of aerosols 347 8.2.2 Volcanic aerosols and stratospheric ozone depletion 349 8.2.3 Climatic effects of t
Hartmann And Mouginis-Mark; Volcanoes; D. L. Hartmann; P. Mouginis-mark; G. J. Bluth; J. A. Coakley; J. Crisp; R. E. Dickinson; P. W. Francis; J. E. Hansen; P. V. Hobbs; B. L. Isacks; Y. J. Kaufman; M. D. King; W. I. Rose; S. Self; L. D. Travis
Cheaper Silicon Found Effective for Solar Cells
Cheaper Silicon Found Effective for Solar Cells Cheaper Silicon Found Effective for Solar Cells A research team from the University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, using U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) synchrotron light sources, has successfully shown that inexpensive silicon has the potential to be used for photovoltaic (PV) devices, commonly known as solar cells. In a new approach-whose findings were published online in Nature Materials (August 14, 2005)-the researchers used nanodefect engineering to control transition metal contamination in order to produce impurity-rich, performance-enhanced multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) material. "Solar energy is often touted as the most promising and secure energy
Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions
44-NO. 62 44-NO. 62 3-29-79 PAGES 18633-18921 E THURSDAY, MARCH 29, 1979 € 18722 NOTICES [ 31 25-01-MI COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 'ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ABROAD OF MAJOR FEDERAL ACTIONS Executive Order 12144; Implementing and Explanotory Documents MARCH 21, 1979. AGENCY: Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of t h e F'resi- dent. ACTION: Information Only: Publica- tion of Implementing Documents Con- cerning Executive Order 12114. SUMMARY: O n January 4, 1979, t h e President signed Executive Order 12114, Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions (44 FR 1957 (Jan. 9, 1979)). The Council has re- ceived numerous requests for t h e im- plementing and explanatory docu- ments. I n order efficiently to respond to such public requests. t
Case Closed on Nauru Island Effect
Closed on Nauru Island Effect Closed on Nauru Island Effect For original submission and image(s), see ARM Research Highlights http://www.arm.gov/science/highlights/ Research Highlight The tiny 4-kilometer-by-6-kilometer island of Nauru is isolated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with naught but a few small scattered islands for thousands of kilometers around. Thus, the ARM measurements made there are intended to represent the larger surrounding oceanic area. But decades of phosphate mining have left large barren karst fields as the predominant land surface over most of the center of the island, making it much more susceptible to solar heating than typical tropical vegetated surfaces. During the Nauru99 campaign, small cumulus clouds were observed at times forming over the center of the island, advecting over the ARM site
Managing Aging Effects on Dry Cask Storage
Managing Aging Effects Managing Aging Effects on Dry Cask Storage Systems for Extended Long-Term Storage and Transportation of Used Fuel Rev. 0 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign O.K. Chopra, D. Diercks, R. Fabian, D. Ma, V. Shah, S-W Tam, and Y.Y. Liu Argonne National Laboratory June 30, 2012 FCRD-USED-2012-000119 ANL-12/29 DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately
Deployment Effects of Marin Renewable Energy Technologies
This is the second report in the sequence and describes the results of conceptual feasibility studies of tidal power plants deployed in Tacoma Narrows, Washington. The Narrows contain many of the same competing stakeholder interactions identified at other tidal power sites and serves as a representative case study. Tidal power remains at an early stage of development. As such, a wide range of different technologies are being pursued by different manufacturers. In order to properly characterize impacts, it is useful to characterize the range of technologies that could be deployed at the site of interest. An industry survey informs the process of selecting representative tidal power devices. The selection criteria is that such devices are at an advanced stage of development to reduce technical uncertainties and that enough data are available from the manufacturers to inform the conceptual design process of this study. Further, an attempt is made to cover the range of different technologies under development to capture variations in potential environmental effects. A number of other developers are also at an advanced stage of development including Verdant Power, which has demonstrated an array of turbines in the East River of New York, Clean Current, which has demonstrated a device off Race Rocks, BC, and OpenHydro, which has demonstrated a device at the European Marine Energy Test Center and is on the verge of deploying a larger device in the Bay of Fundy. MCT demonstrated their device both at Devon (UK) and Strangford Narrows (Northern Ireland). Furthermore OpenHydro, CleanCurrent, and MCT are the three devices being installed at the Minas Passage (Canada). Environmental effects will largely scale with the size of tidal power development. In many cases, the effects of a single device may not be measurable, while larger scale device arrays may have cumulative impacts that differ significantly from smaller scale deployments. In order to characterize these effects, scenarios are established at three deployment scales which nom
Brian Polagye; Mirko Previsic
An effective action for asymptotically safe gravity
Asymptotically safe theories of gravitation have received great attention in recent times. In this framework an effective action embodying the basic features of the renormalized flow around the non-gaussian fixed point is derived and its implications for the early universe are discussed. In particular, a "landscape" of a countably infinite number of cosmological inflationary solutions characterized by an unstable de Sitter phase lasting for a large enough number of e-folds is found.
Bonanno, Alfio
Negative Sequence Effects on Generator Rotors
Main generator rotors are constructed and designed to provide decades of reliable and trouble-free operation. However, a number of negative sequence and motoring incidences have occurred over the years that can adversely impact reliable operation of generator rotors and, ultimately, production of electrical power. Severe overheating leads to rotor material changes, such as steel hardness, and may if not detected, ultimately lead to catastrophic failure. This report discusses the effects of severe negativ...
Evaluation of near-field earthquake effects
Structures and equipment, which are qualified for the design basis earthquake (DBE) and have anchorage designed for the DBE loading, do not require an evaluation of the near-field earthquake (NFE) effects. However, safety class 1 acceleration sensitive equipment such as electrical relays must be evaluated for both NFE and DBE since they are known to malfunction when excited by high frequency seismic motions.
Shrivastava, H.P.
Health Effects for Boron and Borates
Boron occurs in varying concentrations in coal fly ash and is typically found in fly ash leachates. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of performing a risk assessment to determine safe levels of boron for human ingestion. This report describes existing information on the health effects of boron and how that information is being used to calculate a reference dose (RfD) and acceptable concentration in drinking water.
This report is the second part of a study of the effects of severe negative sequence events on round rotor turbine generators. The first part (EPRI report 1014910) introduced simplified models to investigate the thermal and mechanical stresses resulting from unbalanced short circuits and other events. The current report provides documentation on these simplified models. It also describes further studies of the retaining ring and introduces additional models for the pole face and cross-slot regions.
Effects of Coating Blockage and Deposits on Film-Cooling Effectiveness...
Partial Blockage of Film Cooling Holes and Deposits on Film Cooling Effectiveness and Heat Transfer SCIES Project 04-01-SR115 University of Pittsburgh - Minking K. Chyu Iowa State...
Orographic Effects in Simulated Lake-Effect Snowstorms over Lake Michigan
Numerical simulations of lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan show that orography enhances precipitation rates and mesoscale updrafts and strengthens the land breeze. The mild orographic changes east of Lake Michigan as modeled with an 8-km ...
Mark R. Hjelmfelt
Radiation effects concerns at a spallation source
Materials used at spallation neutron sources are exposed to energetic particle and photon radiation. Mechanical and physical properties of these materials are altered; radiation damage on the atomic scale leads to radiation effects on the macroscopic scale. Most notable among mechanical-property radiation effects in metals and metal alloys are changes in tensile strength and ductility, changes in rupture strength, dimensional stability and volumetric swelling, and dimensional changes due to stress-induced creep. Physical properties such as electrical resistivity also are altered. The fission-reactor community has accumulated a good deal of data on material radiation effects. However, when the incident particle energy exceeds 50 MeV or so, a new form of radiation damage ensues; spallation reactions lead to more energetic atom recoils and the subsequent temporal and spatial distribution of point defects is much different from that due to a fission-reactor environment. In addition, spallation reactions cause atomic transmutations with these new atoms representing an impurity in the metal. The higher-energy case is of interest at spallation sources; limited detailed data exist for material performance in this environment. 35 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Sommer, W.F.
The Effective Theory of Long Strings
We present the low-energy effective theory on long strings in quantum field theory, including a streamlined review of previous literature on the subject. Such long strings can appear in the form of solitonic strings, as in the 4d Abelian Higgs model, or in the form of confining strings, as in Yang-Mills theories. The bottom line is that upon expanding in powers of 1/L the energy levels of long (closed) strings (where L is the length of the string), all the terms up to (and including) order 1/L^5 are universal. We argue that for excited strings in D>3 space-time dimensions there is a universal deviation at order 1/L^5 from the naive formula that is usually used to fit lattice results. For D=3 this naive formula is valid even at order 1/L^5. At order 1/L^7 non-universal terms generically appear in all cases. We explain the physical origin of these results, and illuminate them in three different formulations of the effective action of long strings (the relationships among which we partly clarify). In addition, we corroborate these results by an explicit computation of the effective action on long strings in confining theories which have a gravitational dual. These predictions can be tested by precise simulations of 4d Yang-Mills theory on the lattice.
Ofer Aharony; Zohar Komargodski
Risk effectiveness evaluation of surveillance testing
In nuclear power plants surveillance tests are required to detect failures in standby safety system components as a means of assuring their availability in case of an accident. However, the performance of surveillance tests at power may have adverse impact on safety as evidenced by the operating experience of the plants. The risk associated with a test includes two different aspects: (1) a positive aspect, i.e., risk contribution detected by the test, that results from the detection of failures which occur between tests and are detected by the test, and (2) a negative aspect, i.e., risk contribution caused by the test, that includes failures and degradations which are caused by the test or are related to the performance of the test. In terms of the two different risk contributions, the risk effectiveness of a test can be simply defined as follows: a test is risk effective if the risk contribution detected by the test is greater than the risk contribution caused by the test; otherwise it is risk ineffective. The methodology presentation will focus on two important kinds of negative test risk impacts, that is, the risk impacts of test-caused transients and equipment wear-out. The evaluation results of the risk effectiveness of the test will be presented in the full paper along with the risk assessment methodology and the insights from the sensitivity analysis. These constitute the core of the NUREG/CR-5775.
Martorell, S.; Kim, I.S. (Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain). Dept. de Ingenieria Quimica y Nuclear); Samanta, P.K. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)); Vesely, W.E. (Science Applications International Corp., Columbus, OH (United States))
School Finance Reform: Assessing General Equilibrium Effects
In 1994 the state of Michigan implemented one of the most comprehensive school finance reforms undertaken to date in any of the states. Understanding the effects of the reform is thus of value in informing other potential reform initiatives. In addition, the reform and associated changes in the economic environment provide an opportunity to assess whether a simple general equilibrium model can be of value in framing the study of such reform initiatives. In this paper, we present and use such a model to derive predictions about the effects of the reform on housing prices and neighborhood demographic compositions. Broadly, our analysis implies that the effects of the reform and changes in the economic environment are likely to have been reflected primarily in housing prices and only modestly on neighborhood demographics. We find that evidence for the Detroit metropolitan area from the decade encompassing the reform is largely consistent with the predictions of the model (JEL codes: H42, H71, H73, I22).
Maria Marta Ferreyra
Quantum size effects in classical hadrodynamics
The author discusses future directions in the development of classical hydrodynamics for extended nucleons, corresponding to nucleons of finite size interacting with massive meson fields. This new theory provides a natural covariant microscopic approach to relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions that includes automatically spacetime nonlocality and retardation, nonequilibrium phenomena, interactions among all nucleons, and particle production. The present version of the theory includes only the neutral scalar ({sigma}) and neutral vector ({omega}) meson fields. In the future, additional isovector pseudoscalar ({pi}{sup +}, {pi}{sup {minus}}, {pi}{sup 0}), isovector vector ({rho}{sup +}, {rho}{sup {minus}}, {rho}{sup 0}), and neutral pseudoscalar ({eta}) meson fields should be incorporated. Quantum size effects should be included in the equations of motion by use of the spreading function of Moniz and Sharp, which generates an effective nucleon mass density smeared out over a Compton wavelength. However, unlike the situation in electrodynamics, the Compton wavelength of the nucleon is small compared to its radius, so that effects due to the intrinsic size of the nucleon dominate.
Nix, J.R.
Extremely high frequency RF effects on electronics.
The objective of this work was to understand the fundamental physics of extremely high frequency RF effects on electronics. To accomplish this objective, we produced models, conducted simulations, and performed measurements to identify the mechanisms of effects as frequency increases into the millimeter-wave regime. Our purpose was to answer the questions, 'What are the tradeoffs between coupling, transmission losses, and device responses as frequency increases?', and, 'How high in frequency do effects on electronic systems continue to occur?' Using full wave electromagnetics codes and a transmission-line/circuit code, we investigated how extremely high-frequency RF propagates on wires and printed circuit board traces. We investigated both field-to-wire coupling and direct illumination of printed circuit boards to determine the significant mechanisms for inducing currents at device terminals. We measured coupling to wires and attenuation along wires for comparison to the simulations, looking at plane-wave coupling as it launches modes onto single and multiconductor structures. We simulated the response of discrete and integrated circuit semiconductor devices to those high-frequency currents and voltages, using SGFramework, the open-source General-purpose Semiconductor Simulator (gss), and Sandia's Charon semiconductor device physics codes. This report documents our findings.
Loubriel, Guillermo Manuel; Vigliano, David; Coleman, Phillip Dale; Williams, Jeffery Thomas; Wouters, Gregg A.; Bacon, Larry Donald; Mar, Alan
The LPM Effect: Comparing SLAC E-146 Data with Experiment
The suppression of photon bremsstrahlung due to a variety of in-medium effects is discussed. Different electrodynamic suppression effects are discussed, and compared with the related color analogs. Higher order effects are considered, and found to be important. Data from SLAC E-146 is discussed, and compared with theory. The effect of finite thickness targets is emphasized, since nuclear size is such an important limiting factor for the chromodynamics effects.
Spencer R. Klein
The effective field theory treatment of quantum gravity
This is a pedagogical introduction to the treatment of quantum general relativity as an effective field theory. It starts with an overview of the methods of effective field theory and includes an explicit example. Quantum general relativity matches this framework and I discuss gravitational examples as well as the limits of the effective field theory. I also discuss the insights from effective field theory on the gravitational effects on running couplings in the perturbative regime.
Donoghue, John F. [Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 (United States)
Effect of solution hardening on the shape memory effect of Fe-Mn based alloys
Fe-high Mn-Si alloys, which undergo {gamma} (fcc) to {var_epsilon} (hcp) martensitic transformation, exhibit a pronounced shape memory effect. The origin of shape memory effect of these alloys is the reversion of stress-induced {var_epsilon} martensite. A shape change must hence be accomplish3ed by stress-induced martensitic transformation without permanent slip in austenite ({gamma}) in order to obtain a good shape memory effect. It is clear that the intrusion of permanent slip can be suppressed by increasing the strength of austenite and by decreasing the applied stress required for a shape change due to stress-induced martensitic transformation. It has been reported that the addition of the interstitial elements of C and N as well as the substitutional elements of Mo and V increases the 0.2% proof stress of austenite in Fe-high Mn alloys. However, there have been few studies on the effect of these alloying elements on the shape memory effect of Fe-high Mn based alloys. In the present study, it was aimed to improve the shape memory effect of Fe-high Mn based alloys by the strengthening of austenite through solution hardening due to C and Mo.
Tsuzaki, K.; Natsume, Y.; Maki, T. [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Tomota, Y. [Ibaraki Univ., Hitachi (Japan)
Simulation study of the effect of well spacing, effect of permeability anisotropy, and effect of Palmer and Mansoori model on coalbed methane production
Interference for adjacent wells may be beneficial to Coalbed-Methane production. The effect is the acceleration of de-watering which should lead to earlier and higher gas rate peaks. It is inherent that permeability anisotropy exists in the coalbed methane formation. It means that the placement of wells (wells configuration) has an effect on the development of coalbed methane field. The effect of Palmer-Mansoori Theory is increasing effective permeability at lower pressures due to matrix shrinkage during desorption. This effect should increase the gas recovery of coalbed methane production. Palmer and Mansoori model should be considered and included to coalbed methane reservoir simulation. These effects and phenomena can be modeled with the CMG simulator. A systematic sensitivity study of various reservoir and operating parameters will result in generalized guidelines for operating these reservoirs more effectively.
Zulkarnain, Ismail
Given proper care in siting, design, deployment, operation and maintenance, marine and hydrokinetic technologies could become one of the more environmentally benign sources of electricity generation. In order to accelerate the adoption of these emerging hydrokinetic and marine energy technologies, navigational and environmental concerns must be identified and addressed. All developing hydrokinetic projects involve a wide variety of stakeholders. One of the key issues that site developers face as they engage with this range of stakeholders is that many of the possible conflicts (e.g., shipping and fishing) and environmental issues are not well-understood, due to a lack of technical certainty. In September 2008, re vision consulting, LLC was selected by the Department of Energy (DoE) to apply a scenario-based approach to the emerging wave and tidal technology sectors in order to evaluate the impact of these technologies on the marine environment and potentially conflicting uses. The project�s scope of work includes the establishment of baseline scenarios for wave and tidal power conversion at potential future deployment sites. The scenarios will capture variations in technical approaches and deployment scales to properly identify and characterize environmental impacts and navigational effects. The goal of the project is to provide all stakeholders with an improved understanding of the potential effects of these emerging technologies and focus all stakeholders onto the critical issues that need to be addressed. This groundwork will also help in streamlining siting and associated permitting processes, which are considered key hurdles for the industry�s development in the U.S. today. Re vision is coordinating its efforts with two other project teams funded by DoE which are focused on regulatory and navigational issues. The results of this study are structured into three reports: 1. Wave power scenario description 2. Tidal power scenario description 3. Framework for Identifying Key Environmental Concerns This is the second report in the sequence and describes the results of conceptual feasibility studies of tidal power plants deployed in Tacoma Narrows, Washington. The Narrows contain many of the same competing stakeholder interactions identified at other tidal power sites and serves as a representative case study. Tidal power remains at an early stage of development. As such, a wide range of different technologies are being pursued by different manufacturers. In order to properly characterize impacts, it is useful to characterize the range of technologies that could be deployed at the site of interest. An industry survey informs the process of selecting representative tidal power devices. The selection criteria is that such devices are at an advanced stage of development to reduce technical uncertainties and that enough data are available from the manufacturers to inform the conceptual design process of this study. Further, an attempt is made to cover the range of different technologies under development to capture variations in potential environmental effects. A number of other developers are also at an advanced stage of development including Verdant Power, which has demonstrated an array of turbines in the East River of New York, Clean Current, which has demonstrated a device off Race Rocks, BC, and OpenHydro, which has demonstrated a device at the European Marine Energy Test Center and is on the verge of deploying a larger device in the Bay of Fundy. MCT demonstrated their device both at Devon (UK) and Strangford Narrows (Northern Ireland). Furthermore OpenHydro, CleanCurrent, and MCT are the three devices being installed at the Minas Passage (Canada). Environmental effects will largely scale with the size of tidal power development. In many cases, the effects of a single device may not be measurable, while larger scale device arrays may have cumulative impacts that differ significantly from smaller scale deployments. In order to characterize these effects, scenarios are established at three deployment scales which nom
Strong curvature effects in Neumann wave problems
Waveguide phenomena play a major role in basic sciences and engineering. The Helmholtz equation is the governing equation for the electric field in electromagnetic wave propagation and the acoustic pressure in the study of pressure dynamics. The Schroedinger equation simplifies to the Helmholtz equation for a quantum-mechanical particle confined by infinite barriers relevant in semiconductor physics. With this in mind and the interest to tailor waveguides towards a desired spectrum and modal pattern structure in classical structures and nanostructures, it becomes increasingly important to understand the influence of curvature effects in waveguides. In this work, we demonstrate analytically strong curvature effects for the eigenvalue spectrum of the Helmholtz equation with Neumann boundary conditions in cases where the waveguide cross section is a circular sector. It is found that the linear-in-curvature contribution originates from parity symmetry breaking of eigenstates in circular-sector tori and hence vanishes in a torus with a complete circular cross section. The same strong curvature effect is not present in waveguides subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions where curvature contributions contribute to second-order in the curvature only. We demonstrate this finding by considering wave propagation in a circular-sector torus corresponding to Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, respectively. Results for relative eigenfrequency shifts and modes are determined and compared with three-dimensional finite element method results. Good agreement is found between the present analytical method using a combination of differential geometry with perturbation theory and finite element results for a large range of curvature ratios.
Willatzen, M.; Pors, A. [Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sonderborg (Denmark); Gravesen, J. [Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
Effective free energy for pinned membranes
We consider membranes adhered through specific receptor-ligand bonds. Thermal undulations of the membrane induce effective interactions between adhesion sites. We derive an upper bound to the free energy that is independent of interaction details. To lowest order in a systematic expansion we obtain two-body interactions which allow to map the free energy onto a lattice gas with constant density. The induced interactions alone are not strong enough to lead to a condensation of individual adhesion sites. A measure of the thermal roughness is shown to depend on the inverse square root of the density of adhesion sites, which is in good agreement with previous computer simulations.
Thomas Speck
Proppant concentrator boosts foam frac effectiveness
A recently introduced propant concentrator appears to be reducing downtime and enhancing the overall effectiveness and practicality of foam fracturing. The basic purpose behind the proppant concentrator is to provide a method to allow higher proppant concentrations to be run in foam stimulation treatments. A concentrator removes liquid while pumping to allow a higher proppant load to be delivered to the well. This is accomplished by injecting the fluid/proppant slurry, which has been preblended, and passing it through a standard screen or centrifugal device. This allows removal of up to 50% of the liquid portion of the slurry and achieves a doubling of the proppant concentration prior to being foamed.
The effects of stroke on the skeleton
in the single gene disorder sclerosteosis. The Effects of Stroke on the Skeleton List of Publications 7 List of Publications This thesis is based on the following articles: Poole, K. E. S., Reeve, J., and Warburton, E. A. (2002). Falls, fractures... , and osteoporosis after stroke: time to think about protection?. Stroke, 33(5), 1432-1436. Poole, K. E. S., Rose, C., Loveridge, N., Warburton, E. A., and Reeve, J. (2004). A single injection of zoledronic acid may prevent bone loss after stroke: Planned...
Poole, Kenneth
Effect of wettability on light oil steamflooding
This report summarizes NIPER's research on four interrelated topics for Light Oil Steamflooding. Four interrelated topics are described: The methodology for measuring capillary pressure and wettability at elevated temperature, the use of silylating agents to convert water-wet Berea sandstones or unconsolidated quartz sands to oil-wetted surfaces, the evaluation of the thermal hydrolytic stability of these oil-wet surfaces for possible use in laboratory studies using steam and hot water to recover oil, and the effect of porous media of different wettabilities on oil recovery where the porous media is first waterflooded and then steamflooded.
Olsen, D.K.
Magnetic frustration effects in uranium intermetallics
The effect of geometrical frustration on the development of the heavy-fermion state and quantum criticality is studied in UAuCu{sub 4}, UAuPt{sub 4}, UAu{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} samples through measurements of their magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity. In addition, since lattice disorder can play a large role in defining magnetic properties in frustrated systems, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data have also been obtained. The local structure results show a strong correlation with the magnetic properties in these samples.
Jiang, Yu; Booth, C. H.; Tobash, P. H.; Gofryk, K.; Torrez, M. A.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.
The studies realized in INRNE (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy) particulary in cosmic rays detection and construction of Muonic Cerenkov Telescope in University of Blagoevgrad [1] shows the need to develop a theoretical model based on observed phenomenon and to refine it for the detection system optimisation. The effect was introduced in EGS4 [2] code system. The first simulations were consecrated to different geometry�s of water tank in total reflection. The model was compared with experimental data realised with gamma source 60 Co using the telescope. A simple atmospheric model is introduced in EGS4. The comparison between CORSIKA [3] and EGS4 codes was realised.
I. Angelov C; E. Duverger A; L. Makovicka A; A. Mishev B; J. Stamenov B
Inverse Raman effect: applications and detection techniques
The processes underlying the inverse Raman effect are qualitatively described by comparing it to the more familiar phenomena of conventional and stimulated Raman scattering. An experession is derived for the inverse Raman absorption coefficient, and its relationship to the stimulated Raman gain is obtained. The power requirements of the two fields are examined qualitatively and quantitatively. The assumption that the inverse Raman absorption coefficient is constant over the interaction length is examined. Advantages of the technique are discussed and a brief survey of reported studies is presented.
Hughes, L.J. Jr.
This report summarizes NIPER`s research on four interrelated topics for Light Oil Steamflooding. Four interrelated topics are described: The methodology for measuring capillary pressure and wettability at elevated temperature, the use of silylating agents to convert water-wet Berea sandstones or unconsolidated quartz sands to oil-wetted surfaces, the evaluation of the thermal hydrolytic stability of these oil-wet surfaces for possible use in laboratory studies using steam and hot water to recover oil, and the effect of porous media of different wettabilities on oil recovery where the porous media is first waterflooded and then steamflooded.
Effects of Alkaline Sorbents on ESP Performance
Many energy companies need to reduce sulfur trioxide (SO3) emissions and/or sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Injection of an alkaline sorbent into the boiler or into the duct after the air heater is a relatively simple and inexpensive means of meeting this need. These processes can, however, have a negative effect on the performance of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) most plants are equipped with for particulate control. Hence, there is a need to understand and be able to predict the impact of these ...
The greenhouse effect and acid rain
The concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides and chlorofluorocarbons is increasing in the earth's atmosphere. Increased concentrations of these trace gases could lead to global warming, increased acid rain and increased UV radiation on the earth's surface; however, the actual impacts are still uncertain and are also the subject of great debate. Application of clean'' energy sources such as geothermal are obviously desirable for decreasing these effects and improving our overall general environment. This paper briefly summarizes the global environment concerns, providing a backdrop for the following papers which describe the geothermal role in future environmental considerations. 5 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Traeger, R.K.
Depletion effects of silicon deposition from methyltrichlorosilane
The deposition rate of SiC on carbon-coated Nicalon fibers from methyltrichlorosilane in hydrogen was measured as a function of temperature, pressure, total flow rate, and simulated reactant depletion. The results, which are included in this paper together with kinetic information on the stability of methyltrichlorosilane, led to two conclusions: two different mechanisms of deposition can occur depending on whether the methyltrichlorosilane has an opportunity to dissociate into separate silicon- and carbon-containing precursors, and the deposition rate is strongly reduced by the generation of byproduct HCl. The data were fitted to a simple etch model to obtain a kinetic expression that accounts for the significant effect of HCl.
Besmann, T.M.; Sheldon, B.W.; Moss, T.S. III; Kaster, M.D. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Skin thickness effects on in vivo LXRF
The analysis of lead concentration in bone utilizing LXRF can be adversely effected by overlying issue. A quantitative measure of the attenuation of the 10.5 keV Pb L a x-ray signal by skin and skin equivalent plastic has been conducted. Concentration ranges in plaster of Paris and goat bone from 7 to 90 ppm with attenuators of Lucite{reg_sign} and pig skin were examined. It is concluded that no quantitative or semi quantitative analysis can be achieved if overlying sue thickness exceeds 3 mm for Ph concentrations of less than 30 porn Ph in bone.
Preiss, I.L.; Washington, W. II [Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
Dual-circuit, multiple-effect refrigeration system and method
A dual circuit absorption refrigeration system comprising a high temperature single-effect refrigeration loop and a lower temperature double-effect refrigeration loop separate from one another and provided with a double-condenser coupling therebetween. The high temperature condenser of the single-effect refrigeration loop is double coupled to both of the generators in the double-effect refrigeration loop to improve internal heat recovery and a heat and mass transfer additive such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is used in the lower temperature double-effect refrigeration loop to improve the performance of the absorber in the double-effect refrigeration loop.
DeVault, Robert C. (Knoxville, TN)
Entangling photons via the quantum Zeno effect
The quantum Zeno effect describes the inhibition of quantum evolution by frequent measurements. Here, we propose a scheme for entangling two given photons based on this effect. We consider a linear-optics set-up with an absorber medium whose two-photon absorption rate $\\xi_{2\\gamma}$ exceeds the one-photon loss rate $\\xi_{1\\gamma}$. In order to reach an error probability $P_{\\rm error}$, we need $\\xi_{1\\gamma}/\\xi_{2\\gamma}based on coherent excitations of many atoms and exploits the fact that $\\xi_{2\\gamma}$ scales with the number of excitations but $\\xi_{1\\gamma}$ does not. The third mechanism envisages three-level systems where the middle level is meta-stable ($\\Lambda$-system). In this case, $\\xi_{1\\gamma}$ is more strongly reduced than $\\xi_{2\\gamma}$ and thus it should be possible to achieve $\\xi_{2\\gamma}/\\xi_{1\\gamma}\\gg1$. In conclusion, although our scheme poses challenges regarding the density of active atoms/molecules in the absorber medium, their coupling constants and the detuning, etc., we find that a two-photon gate with an error probability $P_{\\rm error}$ below 25% might be feasible using present-day technology.
Nicolai ten Brinke; Andreas Osterloh; Ralf Sch�tzhold
Effect of water dissolution on oil viscosity
Water dissolution in crude oil becomes significant at temperatures > 150 C, and 250 C, water solubilities in heavy crudes are [approx]40 mol%. Dissolved water acts as a low-viscosity solvent that reduces oil-phase viscosity. This phenomenon has been considered in thermal recovery simulations but has never been substantiated. In this work, the effect of water on viscosity was measured for four crude samples with gravities ranging from 0.97 to 1.03 g/cm[sup 3]. At the highest experimental temperature of 286 C, viscosities of water-saturated samples were about one-half those of water-free counterparts. The viscosity reduction, although quite significant, was not as pronounced as the drop estimated by viscosity mixing rules used for hydrocarbon systems. While a log mixing rule or a one-quarter power mixing rule overestimated viscosity effects, a mole-fraction-weighted average of oil and water viscosities matched the experimental data. A possible explanation for failure of the log mixing rule is that the water dissolved in the oil exists not as monomers but as hydrogen-bonded clusters. The authors find good agreement with experiment when the mole fraction of water clusters, calculated from a statistical mechanics based theory is used in the log mixing rule.
Giandt, C.A. (Shell Development Co., Houston, TX (United States)); Chapman, W.G. (Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States))
Magneto-electric Effect and Magnetic Charge
It is shown that both the electric and magnetic dipole moment vectors of hydrogen atom in the excited states with wave function $$ u_n^{(\\pm)} = {1\\over\\sqrt 2} [R_{n,n-1}(r) Y_{n-1,\\pm (n-2)}(\\theta\\phi) \\pm R_{n,n-2}(r) Y_{n-2,\\pm (n-2)}(\\theta\\phi)]$$ align themselves in the direction of an external uniform electric field which is characteristic of magneto-electric effect. These states are found to have magnetic charge $g={3n\\over (n-2)e}$ on account of this effect. This result is confirmed by an independent method. An experiment is suggested to fabricate these states and detect the magnetic charge. It ma be worth noting that inspite of many experimental searchs, magnetic charge, whose existence has been theorized both in electrodynamics and non-abelian gauge theories, none have been found so far, nor there exist any suggstion as to where these are to be found.
T. Pradhan
Effects of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation
Prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation induces some effects that are seen at birth and others that cannot be detected until later in life. Data from A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki show a diminished number of births after exposure under 4 wk of gestational age. Although a wide array of congenital malformations has been found in animal experimentation after such exposure to x rays, in humans only small head size (exposure at 4-17 wk) and mental retardation (exposure primarily at 8-15 wk) have been observed. In Hiroshima, small head size occurred after doses of 0.10-0.19 Gy or more, and an excess of mental retardation at 0.2-0.4 Gy or more. Intelligence test scores were reduced among A-bomb survivors exposed at 8-15 wk of gestational age by 21-29 IQ points per Gy. Other effects of in-utero exposure to atomic radiation include long-lasting complex chromosome abnormalities.
Miller, R.W. (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (USA))
The greenhouse effect: Physiological changes in plants
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide is timely topic of study for all biology students at all levels. The stimulatory effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (700 {mu}l/l) on plant growth, flower induction, protein production and the Calvin-Benson cycle can be easily demonstrated in seedlings in student laboratories. In our lab, the shoot growth of rapid cycling brassicas (Wisconsin fast plants) was measured under ambient and elevated CO{sub 2} conditions for three weeks. Plants grown under elevated CO{sub 2} conditions were significantly taller and showed earlier flower development. These plants also contained greater protein content per gram fresh weight. Crude leaf extracts was used as a source of pentose-5-isomerase which controls the conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose-5-phosphate in carbon fixation. The activity of this enzyme was measured spectrophotometrically and found to be somewhat greater in plants grown under the higher CO{sub 2} conditions. These physiological changes associated with elevated CO{sub 2} can be used as an introduction to the greenhouse effect as well as to study the regulation of carbon fixation.
Beard, R.; Harrison, M. (Marshall Univ., Huntington, WV (USA))
The reality of the greenhouse effect
The Earth's surface absorbs solar radiation, to which the atmosphere is mostly transparent, and re-emits infrared radiation that is absorbed primarily by carbon dioxide and water vapor. Without the consequent warming, or ''greenhouse'' effect, the Earth's mean surface temperature of 15/sup 0/C would be well below freezing. Changes in the concentration of CO/sub 2/ and other greenhouse gases can perturb the present climate. Theoretical models constructed to generate quantitative estimates of these changes suggest that a doubling of the CO/sub 2/ concentration could raise global-average temperatures by 1.5 to 4.5/sup 0/C. Global temperatures appear to have risen about 0.5/sup 0/C over the past hundred years, in part probably due to the 25% rise in CO/sub 2/ concentration. There are important questions, however, regarding the rate and history of the warming and the spatial pattern of the changes. The projected climatic changes could induce significant societal impacts, especially if society is viewed as unresponsive. Sea level rise, reduced water resources, and stressed agricultural systems may be the most important consequences, but uncertainties in the estimated climatic effects and the long lead time make assessment difficult. Developing and evaluating options for slowing the rate and magnitude of and adapting to the projected changes require accelerated research.
MacCracken, M.C.
Simple model of the greenhouse effect
This report describes a simple model that breaks new ground by attempting to encompass the whole cause and effect of the greenhouse effect caused by the emission of carbon dioxide. The model includes a carbon dioxide emissions module, a carbon cycle module, and an atmospheric temperature module. Each of the component modules is considerably less elaborate than the current state-of-the-art modules. In addition to the three modules, the simple model simulates the impact of climate change on the production of food and simulates the impact of both expensive food and expensive energy on world GNP. The report presents the detailed equations of the model and sample results. A key assumption is that the world GNP will increase by about a factor of 12 in the next 200 years (an average rate of about 1% per year). If the world GNP increases at this rate, by 2000 the world must begin a major shift to solar energy or nuclear power if the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to be kept below 600 ppM. 19 refs., 16 figs., 4 tabs.
Reister, D.B.
Dispersion effects on membrane reactor performance
A mathematical model has been developed that predicts the effects of design parameters, operating variables and physical properties on the performance of a membrane reactor with a permselective wall. The model consists of the full set of partial differential equations that describe the conservation of mass, momentum and chemical species, coupled with chemical kinetics and appropriate boundary conditions for the physical problem. The solution of this system is obtained by a finite-volume technique. The model was applied to study the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane. Two membrane types in tubular form were studied: a selective porous glass with low gas permeabilities and a porous alumina with very high gas permeabilities. It is concluded that gas separation and reactor performance are strongly influenced by dispersion effects only in the latter membrane reactor, while in both cases radial concentration profiles do not correspond to those obtained with plug flow. Therefore, simulations of this type of problem should be based on complex dispersion models rather than the existing ideal plug-flow ones.
Koukou, M.K.; Papayannakos, N.; Markatos, N.C. [National Technical Univ. of Athens (Greece). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Analytic approximate radiation effects due to Bremsstrahlung
The purpose of this note is to provide analytic approximate expressions that can provide quick estimates of the various effects of the Bremsstrahlung radiation produced relatively low energy electrons, such as the dumping of the beam into the beam stop at the ERL or field emission in superconducting cavities. The purpose of this work is not to replace a dependable calculation or, better yet, a measurement under real conditions, but to provide a quick but approximate estimate for guidance purposes only. These effects include dose to personnel, ozone generation in the air volume exposed to the radiation, hydrogen generation in the beam dump water cooling system and radiation damage to near-by magnets. These expressions can be used for other purposes, but one should note that the electron beam energy range is limited. In these calculations the good range is from about 0.5 MeV to 10 MeV. To help in the application of this note, calculations are presented as a worked out example for the beam dump of the R&D Energy Recovery Linac.
Ben-Zvi I.
Winter study of power plant effects
As a part of DOE's Meteorological Effects of Thermal Energy Releases (METER) program a field study was undertaken at the Bowen Electric Generating Plant (Plant Bowen) in December 1979. The study was a joint endeavor of Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with the main objective of determining the effects of the plant's smokestack effluents on aerosol characteristics and precipitation chemistry. Other objectives included studies of cooling tower temperature and humidity (T/h) plumes and drift drop concentrations. Conducted over a period of three weeks, the study involved an instrumented aircraft, pilot balloons, a tethered balloon system, a dense network of wetfall chemistry collectors and numerous ground- and tower-based meteorological instruments. Rainfall samples collected during the precipitation event of December 13, 1979, revealed some evidence of plume washout. The tethered balloon flights rarely detected the faint presence of the T/h plumes while the airborne measurements program concentrated on the study of SO/sub 2/ to sulfate conversion. A series of plume observations confirmed the suitability of the plant's windset for plume direction determinations.
Patrinos, A.A.N.
Colloidal Shape Effects in Evaporating Drops
We explore the influence of particle shape on the behavior of evaporating drops. A first set of experiments discovered that particle shape modifies particle deposition after drying. For sessile drops, spheres are deposited in a ring-like stain, while ellipsoids are deposited uniformly. Experiments elucidate the kinetics of ellipsoids and spheres at the drop's edge. A second set of experiments examined evaporating drops confined between glass plates. In this case, colloidal particles coat the ribbon-like air-water interface, forming colloidal monolayer membranes (CMMs). As particle anisotropy increases, CMM bending rigidity was found to increase, which in turn introduces a new mechanism that produces a uniform deposition of ellipsoids and a heterogeneous deposition of spheres after drying. A final set of experiments investigates the effect of surfactants in evaporating drops. The radially outward flow that pushes particles to the drop's edge also pushes surfactants to the drop's edge, which leads to a radially inward flow on the drop surface. The presence of radially outward flows in the bulk fluid and radially inward flows at the drop surface creates a Marangoni eddy, among other effects, which also modifies deposition after drying.
Peter J. Yunker; Tim Still; A. G. Yodh
Effects of buoyancy on premixed flame stabilization
The stabilization limits of v-flame and conical flames are investigated in normal gravity (+g) and reversed gravity (up-side-down burner, -g) to compare with observations of flame stabilization during microgravity experiments. The results show that buoyancy has most influence on the stabilization of laminar V-flames. Under turbulent conditions, the effects are less significant. For conical flames stabilized with a ring, the stabilization domain of the +g and -g cases are not significantly different. Under reversed gravity, both laminar v-flames and conical flames show flame behaviors that were also found in microgravity. The v-flames reattached to the rim and the conical flame assumed a top-hat shape. One of the special cases of -g conical flame is the buoyancy stabilized laminar flat flame that is detached from the burner. These flame implies a balance between the flow momentum and buoyant forces. The stretch rates of these flames are sufficiently low (laminar burning speed S{sub L}{sup 0}. An analysis based on evaluating the Richardson number is used to determine the relevant parameters that describe the buoyancy/momentum balance. A perfect balance i.e. Ri = l can be attained when the effect of heat loss from the flame zone is low. For the weaker lean cases, our assumption of adiabaticity tends to overestimate the real flame temperature. This interesting low stretch laminar flame configuration can be useful for fundamental studies of combustion chemistry.
Bedat, B.; Cheng, R.K.
Effective Higgs vertices in the generic MSSM
In this article we consider chirally enhanced corrections to Higgs vertices in the most general MSSM. We include the contributions stemming from bilinear terms, from the trilinear A terms, and from their nonholomorphic analogues, the A{sup '} terms, which couple squarks to the ''wrong'' Higgs field. We perform a consistent renormalization of the Higgs vertices beyond the decoupling limit (M{sub SUSY{yields}{infinity}}), using a purely diagrammatic approach. The cancellation of the different contributions in and beyond the decoupling limit is discussed and the possible size of decoupling effects which occur if the supersymmetry particles are not much heavier than the electroweak scale are examined. In the decoupling limit we recover the results obtained in the effective-field-theory approach. For the nonholomorphic A{sup '} terms we find the well known tan{beta} enhancement in the down sector similar to the one for terms proportional to {mu}. Because of the a priori generic flavor structure of these trilinear terms large flavor-changing neutral Higgs couplings can be induced. We also discover new tan{beta} enhanced contributions involving the usual holomorphic A terms, which were not discussed before in the literature. These corrections occur only if also flavor-diagonal nonholomorphic corrections to the Higgs couplings are present. This reflects the fact that the A terms, and also the chirality-changing self-energies, are physical quantities and cannot be absorbed into renormalization constants.
Crivellin, Andreas [Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern (Switzerland)
Inelastic shadowing effects in multiple scattering
The projectile--nucleon scattering amplitudes used as input into multiple scattering theories of projectile--nucleus scattering naturally include the effects of coupling to inelastic (i.e., production) channels. We employ a multichannel separable potential to describe the projectile--nucleon interaction and show that within the fixed nucleon framework we can obtain the nuclear elastic scattering amplitude. This includes terms outside the conventional formalisms, corresponding to intermediate propagation in the inelastic channels both above and below inelastic threshold. We refer to this as inelastic shadowing. In a two-channel approximation, we show that knowledge of the projectile--nucleon elastic scattering phase shifts plus specification of the inelastic threshold energy are sufficient to determine the off-shell coupled- channel transition matrix, implying that the nuclear amplitude can be calculated within this model without any detailed information about the inelastic channels. We study this solution quantitatively for some model problems and for pion scattering, with the general result that inelastic shadowing can be significant whenever the elementary interaction has important channel coupling. For pion scattering in the energy regime characterized by strongly absorptive resonance, we find, for example, that the effect of inelastic shadowing is much more important than that due to two-nucleon correlations. (AIP)
Londergan, J.T.; Moniz, E.J.
Quantum Zeno effect: Quantum shuffling and Markovianity
The behavior displayed by a quantum system when it is perturbed by a series of von Neumann measurements along time is analyzed. Because of the similarity between this general process with giving a deck of playing cards a shuffle, here it is referred to as quantum shuffling, showing that the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects emerge naturally as two time limits. Within this framework, a connection between the gradual transition from anti-Zeno to Zeno behavior and the appearance of an underlying Markovian dynamics is found. Accordingly, although a priori it might result counterintuitive, the quantum Zeno effect corresponds to a dynamical regime where any trace of knowledge on how the unperturbed system should evolve initially is wiped out (very rapid shuffling). This would explain why the system apparently does not evolve or decay for a relatively long time, although it eventually undergoes an exponential decay. By means of a simple working model, conditions characterizing the shuffling dynamics have been determined, which can be of help to understand and to devise quantum control mechanisms in a number of processes from the atomic, molecular and optical physics.
A. S. Sanz; C. Sanz-Sanz; T. Gonzalez-Lezana; O. Roncero; S. Miret-Artes
On cost-effective communication network designing
How to efficiently design a communication network is a paramount task for network designing and engineering. It is, however, not a single objective optimization process as perceived by most previous researches, i.e., to maximize its transmission capacity, but a multi-objective optimization process, with lowering its cost to be another important objective. These two objectives are often contradictive in that optimizing one objective may deteriorate the other. After a deep investigation of the impact that network topology, node capability scheme and routing algorithm as well as their interplays have on the two objectives, this letter presents a systematic approach to achieve a cost-effective design by carefully choosing the three designing aspects. Only when routing algorithm and node capability scheme are elegantly chosen can BA-like scale-free networks have the potential of achieving good tradeoff between the two objectives. Random networks, on the other hand, have the built-in character for a cost-effective design, especially when other aspects cannot be determined beforehand.
Guoqiang Zhang
Effect of Compressibility on the Annihilation Process
Annihilation processes, where the reacting particles are influenced by some external advective field, are one of the simplest examples of nonlinear statistical systems. This type of processes can be observed in miscellaneous chemical, biological or physical systems. In low space dimensions usual description by means of kinetic rate equation is not sufficient and the effect of density fluctuations must be taken into ac- count. Using perturbative renormalization group we study the influ- ence of random velocity field on the kinetics of single-species annihila- tion reaction at and below its critical dimension $d_c = 2$. The advecting velocity field is modelled by the self-similar in space Gaussian variable finite correlated in time (Antonov-Kraichnan model). Effect of the compressibility of velocity field is taken into account and the model is analyzed near its critical dimension by means of three-parameter expansion in $\\epsilon$, $\\Delta$ and $\\eta$. Here $\\epsilon$ is the deviation from the Kolmogorov scaling, $\\Delta$ is the deviation from the (critical) space dimension 2 and {\\eta} is the deviation from the parabolic dispersion law. Depending on the value of these exponents and the value of compressiblity parameter {\\alpha}, the studied model can exhibit various asymptotic (long-time) regimes corresponding to the infrared (IR) fixed points of the renormalization group. The possible regimes are summarized and the decay rates for the mean particle number are calculated in the leading order of the perturbation theory.
Michal Hnati?; Juha Honkonen; Tom� Lu?ivjansk�
Effective action for noncommutative Bianchi I model
Quantum Mechanics, as a mini-superspace of Field Theory has been assumed to provide physically relevant information on quantum processes in Field Theory. In the case of Quantum Gravity this would imply using Cosmological models to investigate quantum processes at distances of the order of the Planck scale. However because of the Stone-von Neuman Theorem, it is well known that quantization of Cosmological models by the Wheeler-DeWitt procedure in the context of a Heisenberg-Weyl group with piecewise continuous parameters leads irremediably to a volume singularity. In order to avoid this information catastrophe it has been suggested recently the need to introduce in an effective theory of the quantization some form of reticulation in 3-space. On the other hand, since in the geometry of the General Relativistic formulation of Gravitation space can not be visualized as some underlying static manifold in which the physical system evolves, it would be interesting to investigate whether the effective reticulation which removes the singularity in such simple cosmologies as the Bianchi models has a dynamical origin manifested by a noncommutativity of the generators of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra, as would be expected from an operational point of view at the Planck length scale.
Rosenbaum, M.; Vergara, J. D. [Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico 04510 DF (Mexico); Minzoni, A. A. [FENOMEC-IIMAS, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico 04510 DF (Mexico)
Humidity effects on wire insulation breakdown strength.
Methods for the testing of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulation on metal wires under variable humidity conditions were developed. Two methods, an ASTM method and the twisted pair method, were compared to determine if the twisted pair method could be used for determination of breakdown strength under variable humidity conditions. It was concluded that, although there were small differences in outcomes between the two testing methods, the non-standard method (twisted pair) would be appropriate to use for further testing of the effects of humidity on breakdown performance. The dielectric breakdown strength of 34G copper wire insulated with double layer Poly-Thermaleze/Polyamide-imide insulation was measured using the twisted pair method under a variety of relative humidity (RH) conditions and exposure times. Humidity at 50% RH and below was not found to affect the dielectric breakdown strength. At 80% RH the dielectric breakdown strength was significantly diminished. No effect for exposure time up to 140 hours was observed at 50 or 80%RH.
Appelhans, Leah
Effect of Gas Sparging in Mammalian Cell Bioreactors
One of the major problems in the operations of mammalian cell bioreactors is the detrimental effect of gas sparging. Since the most convenient way to oxygenate any bioreactor is by gas sparging, this adverse effect has ...
Wang, Daniel I.C.
Topographic Effects on the Tropical Land and Sea Breeze
The effect of an inland plateau on the tropical sea breeze is considered in terms of idealized numerical experiments, with a particular emphasis on offshore effects. The sea breeze is modeled as the response to an oscillating interior heat source ...
Tingting Qian; Craig C. Epifanio; Fuqing Zhang
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing measurements spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing mea- surements and snow slope large errors in these basin estimates. Remote sensing measurements offer a promising alternative, due
Marshall, Hans-Peter
Persistent Effects of Cloud Seeding with Silver Iodide
A statistical examination of precipitation records in and near areas where cloud seeding experiments have taken place in Australia strongly suggests the delayed effects of seeding. The most conspicuous effect is an increase in precipitation 1 to ...
E. K. Bigg; Enid Turton
ARM - PI Product - Nauru Island Effect Detection Data Set
ProductsNauru Island Effect Detection Data Set Comments? We would love to hear from you Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send PI Product : Nauru Island Effect...
Statistical process control approach to reduce the bullwhip effect
The bullwhip effect is a pervasive problem in multi echelon supply chains that results in inefficient production operations and higher inventory levels. The causes of the bullwhip effect are well understood in industry and ...
Iyer, Harikumar
The alpha-particle induced bystander effect for sister chromatid...
agents than typical FA cells. We studied the effects of low-dose alpha-particle irradiation-induced bystander effects in KO40 and control CHO cell lines. Cultures of G0...
The Effects of Precipitation on Cloud Droplet Measurement Devices
Aircraft in situ observations of precipitation during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field project are used to study and parameterize the effects of precipitation on cloud probes. Specifically, the effects of precipitation on the ...
Brad Baker; Qixu Mo; R. Paul Lawson; Darren O�Connor; Alexei Korolev
Managing Aging Effects on Dry Cask Storage Systems for Extended...
Managing Aging Effects on Dry Cask Storage Systems for Extended Long Term Storage and Transportation of Used Fuel Rev0 Managing Aging Effects on Dry Cask Storage Systems for...
Effect of Electric Charge on Collisions between Cloud Droplets
A simple model is presented for the calculation of the effect of electric charges on the collision and coalescence of cloud droplets, a topic that is of importance for coalescence-induced natural rainfall and for the possible effectiveness of ...
Neville H. Fletcher
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #395: October 24, 2005 Effect...
5: October 24, 2005 Effect of High Gasoline Prices on Consumers to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact 395: October 24, 2005 Effect of High Gasoline Prices...
Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions
We present design principles for creating effective assembly instructions and a system that is based on these principles. The principles are drawn from cognitive psychology research which investigated people's conceptual models of assembly and effective ... Keywords: assembly instructions, visualization
Maneesh Agrawala; Doantam Phan; Julie Heiser; John Haymaker; Jeff Klingner; Pat Hanrahan; Barbara Tversky
Nonlinear Climate and Hydrological Responses to Aerosol Effects
The equilibrium temperature and hydrological responses to the total aerosol effects (i.e., direct, semidirect, and indirect effects) are studied using a modified version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere general circulation ...
Yi Ming; V. Ramaswamy
The Effect of Calcium Fluoride on Alumina Solubility in Low ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2013 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Aluminum Reduction Technology. Presentation Title, The Effect of Calcium�...
Preliminary Investigation into the Effect of Green Compact ...
May 1, 2007 ... Preliminary Investigation into the Effect of Green Compact Microstructural Design on the Density of Combustion Synthesized Aluminide�...
Studies on the Effects of Inorganic Salts on Biochemical Treatment ...
Effects of two inorganic salts (sodium chloride and sodium sulphate) on biochemical ... Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics in Microwave�...
DD4, Oxygen Plasma Exposure Effects on Indium Oxide Nanowire ...
Presentation Title, DD4, Oxygen Plasma Exposure Effects on Indium Oxide Nanowire ... Electronic Materials Science Challenges in Renewable Energy.
Effect of Environment and Microstructure on the High Temperature ...
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT AND MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE HIGH. TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718. E. Andrieu",. R. Cozar** and A. Pineau".
Family Matters: Testing the Effect of Political Connections in Italy
effect on stock returns. Taking stock performance as a proxySudden deaths: Taking stock of political connections,�
Asquer, Raffaele; Calderoni, Federico
The Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Permitivity and Microwave ...
Dielectric property and microwave absorption property of anthracite were measured ... Effect of Continuous Cooling Rate on Microstructural Transformation of�...
Development of More Effective Biosurfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery
The overall goal of this research was to develop effective biosurfactant production for enhanced oil recovery in the United States.
McInerney, M.J.; Mouttaki, H.; Folmsbee, M.; Knapp, R.; Nagle, D.
Effects of Segregation in Nickel-Base Superalloys: Dendritic Stresses
formation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. (SEM), their effect on dislocation mobility by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure 1 .
Effects of Gaseous Hydrogen Exposure and Temperature on ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Materials. Presentation Title, Effects of�...
Hydrogen effect on the nanomechanical behavior of amorphous ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2014 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Mechanical Behavior at the Nanoscale II. Presentation Title, Hydrogen effect�...
Effect of Chemistry Modifications and Heat Treatments on the ...
Comparison of Donor and Acceptor Doping Effects on the Strain ...
... Ferroelectrics with Giant Electrocaloric Effect for Dielectric Refrigeration ... Processes during Sintering: Establishing a Tool Kit for Materials Design in PZT.
Aging Effects on Craze Growth Under Stress Relaxation ...
Aging Effects on Craze Growth Under Stress Relaxation Conditions. Mats Delin and Gregory B. McKenna, Polymers Division ...
Accelerated Environmental Aging Effects and In-Situ ...
Page 1. Accelerated Environmental Aging Effects and In-Situ Functional Testing of Commercial Photovoltaic Modules T ...
The Effects of Laser Machining on Structure and Mechanical ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Laser Applications in Materials Technology (II). Presentation Title, The Effects�...
Effect of Welding Speed and Defocusing Distance on
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2010. Symposium, Laser Applications in Materials Processing. Presentation Title, Effect of Welding�...
Table 6a. Total Electricity Consumption per Effective Occupied...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
a. Total Electricity Consumption per Effective Occupied Square Foot, 1992 Building Characteristics All Buildings Using Electricity (thousand) Total Electricity Consumption...
Physical-Layer Modeling of UWB Interference Effects
Page 1. Contract MDA972-02-C-0056 NETEX UWB Interference Effects Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited ...
2013-06-18: Conducting an Effective Management Review
Conducting an Effective Management Review. Purpose: ... You must register in the OWM Contact Management System to participate in the webinar. ...
Conducting an Effective Management Review - 2013-04-25
Conducting an Effective Management Review - Cancelled. ... You must register in the OWM Contact Management System to participate in the webinar. ...
Radiological Assessment of effects from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
NNSA presentation on Radiological Assessment of effects from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant from May 13, 2011
Commissioning: A Highly Cost-Effective Building Energy Management Strategy
Commissioning: A Highly Cost-Effective Building Energypractice of building commissioning is a particularly potentefficiency. Although commissioning has earned increased
Mills, Evan
Seismic low-frequency effects in monitoring ?uid ...
gravitational effects on ?uid distribution within the porous ... ported by the assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology ...
Effect of Coke particle size on sinter quality
Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, EMPMD Technical Division Student Poster Contest. Presentation Title, Effect of Coke particle size�...
Defect detection effectiveness and product quality in global software development
Global software development (GSD) has become a common practice in the software development industry. The main challenge organizations have to overcome is to minimize the effect of organizational diversity on the effectiveness of their GSD collaboration. ... Keywords: defect density, defect detection effectiveness, global software development, software quality
Tihana Galinac Grbac; Darko Huljeni?
The Scope of Turing's Analysis of Effective Procedures
Turing's (1936) analysis of effective symbolic procedures is a model of conceptual clarity that plays an essential role in the philosophy of mathematics. Yet appeal is often made to the effectiveness of human procedures in other areas of philosophy. ... Keywords: Turing machine, decision problem, effective procedure, epistemic procedure, philosophy of computation
Jeremy Seligman
Effective superpotential and partial breaking of N=2 supersymmetry
We consider the effective superpotential of N=2, U(N) gauge model where N=2 supersymmetry is spontaneously broken to N=1. By the computation of loop diagrams, we obtain a formula for the effective superpotential which is deformed from the well-known form of the effective superpotential of N=1, U(N) gauge model with a tree level superpotential.
Kazunobu Maruyoshi
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
ARTI-21CR/610-40030-01 ARTI-21CR/610-40030-01 DEFINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UV LAMPS INSTALLED IN CIRCULATING AIR DUCTWORK Final Report Date Published - November 2002 Douglas VanOsdell and Karin Foarde RTI P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 Prepared for the AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE 4100 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, Virginia 22203 Distribution A - Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI) under its "HVAC&R Research for the 21 st Century" (21-CR) program. Neither ARTI, the financial supporters of the 21-CR program, or any agency
Posters The Effects of Radiative Transfer
Posters The Effects of Radiative Transfer on Low-Level Cyclogenesis M. J. Leach and S. Raman Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina Introduction Many investigators have documented the role that thermodynamic forcing due to radiative flux divergence plays in the enhancement or generation of circulation. Most of these studies involve large-scale systems (e.g., Slingo et al. 1988), small-scale systems such as thunderstorms (Chen and Cotton 1988), and squall lines (Chin, submitted). The generation of circulation on large scales results from the creation of divergence in the upper troposphere and the maintenance of low-level potentially unstable air, and the maintenance of baroclinicity throughout
Effectiveness of a solar action campaign
This paper discusses the effectiveness of a Solar Action Campaign implemented to facilitate the commercialization of Solar Energy in a large metropolitan area. The campaign was developed by the staff of the Crosby Gardens Environmental Library. Crosby Gardens is an urban environmental and cultural park. The Solar Action Campaign in Toledo, Ohio, included the coordination of a variety of activities and events designed to stimulate consumer awareness of the Solar Energy applications in the area. Activities included coordinating two workshops, production of media tools, a sunshine awards banquet, and an intensive media campaign. The Solar Week in Toledo provided the stimulus for coalitions to be built, intensive information exchange, and most importantly - media coverage.
Tucker, M.
Pityriasis capitis is a common scalp disorder caused by a fungus Malassezia globosa. The mechanism of Pityriasis capitis includes Malassezia-induced fatty acid metabolism, particularly lipase-mediated breakdown of sebaceous lipids and release of irritating free fatty acids. We report that extracellular lipase activity was detected in Malassezia globosa. The presence of lipase enzyme was performed in specific media on Petri dishes for formation of a zone.In this article, the effect of Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale essential oils on the extracellular lipase activity of Malassezia globosa had been studied by titrametric method. At the end of titration 4 �mol fatty acid/ml of reaction mixture was released in the presence of Cymbopogon citratus oil and 7�mol of fatty acid/ml of reaction mixture was liberated in the presence of Zingiber officinale oil. It was found that both essential oils strongly inhibit the lipase activity of M. globosa at a lower concentration.
Shubhangi Mugal; Ranjana Verma; Renu Mishra; Shikha Mandloi
Cutoff effects on lattice nuclear forces
We present a lattice QCD study for the cutoff effects on nuclear forces. Two-nucleon forces are determined from Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave functions using the HAL QCD method. Lattice QCD simulations are performed employing N_f = 2 clover fermion configurations at three lattice spacings of a = 0.108, 0.156, 0.215 fm on a fixed physical volume of L^3 x T = (2.5 fm)^3 x 5 fm with a large quark mass corresponding to m_\\pi = 1.1 GeV. We observe that while the discretization artifact appears at the short range part of potentials, it is suppressed at the long distance region. The cutoff dependence of the phase shifts and scattering length is also presented.
Takumi Doi; for HAL QCD Collaboration
One temperature model for effective ovens
Most of the thermodynamic analysis of ovens are focused on efficiency, but they need to behaves under real-life conditions, then the effectiveness of the ovens plays a crucial role in their design. In this paper we present a thermodynamical model able to describe the temperature evolution in ovens, furnaces or kilns to harden, burn or dry different products and which provides a methodology to design these heating devices. We use the required temperature evolution for each product and process as main ingredient in the methodology and procedure to design ovens and we place in the right role the efficiency criteria. We use global energy balance equation for the oven under transient situation as the thermodynamic starting point for developing the model. Our approach is able to consider different configurations for these heating devices, or recirculating or open situations, etc.
Tapia, Saul
Effective pairing interactions with isospin density dependence
We perform Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations for semi-magic calcium, nickel, tin, and lead isotopes and N=20,28,50, and 82 isotones using density-dependent pairing interactions recently derived from a microscopic nucleon-nucleon interaction. These interactions have an isovector component so that the pairing gaps in symmetric and neutron matter are reproduced. Our calculations well account for the experimental data for the neutron number dependence of binding energy, two-neutron separation energy, and odd-even mass staggering of these isotopes. This result suggests that by introducing the isovector term in the pairing interaction, one can construct a global effective pairing interaction that is applicable to nuclei in a wide range of the nuclear chart. It is also shown with the local density approximation that the pairing field deduced from the pairing gaps in infinite matter reproduces qualitatively well the pairing field for finite nuclei obtained with the HFB method.
Margueron, J. [Institut de Physique Nucleaire, IN2P3-CNRS and Universite Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex (France); Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, 965-8580 Fukushima (Japan); Sagawa, H. [Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, 965-8580 Fukushima (Japan); Hagino, K. [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 (Japan)
Greenhouse effect may not be all bad
Evidence is presented that indicates US temperatures decreased by a fraction of a degree during the past 70 years contrary to the estimates of some researchers concerned with the greenhouse effect. There is general agreement that the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere will double by the late or mid 21st century. Experiments on cotton growth under increased temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations indicate sizeable gains in yield. This increased yield is exhibited by citrus trees and is projected for other crops. There is a concomitant need for more water and fertilizer. Increased populations of parasitic mites and insects also occur. Climatic changes are seen as being more gradual than previously thought. The possible increases in food production under these changes in climate are one positive element in the emerging scenario.
Senft, D.
Real gas effects for compressible nozzle flows
Numerical simulation of compressible nozzle flows of real gas with or without the addition of heat is presented. A generalized real gas method, using an upwind scheme and curvilinear coordinates, is applied to solve the unsteady compressible Euler equations in axisymmetric form. The present method is an extension of a previous 2D method, which was developed to solve the problem for a gas having the general equation of state in the form p=p ([rho], i). In the present work the method is generalized for an arbitrary P-V-T equation of state introducing an iterative procedure for the determination of the temperature from the specific internal energy and the flow variables. The solution procedure is applied for the study of real gas effects in an axisymmetric nozzle flow.
Drikakis, D.; Tsangaris, S. (National Technical Univ. of Athens, (Greece). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering)
Survey to assess Persian Gulf spill effects
This paper reports that an international group is poised for an extensive survey of the Persian Gulf, including an assessment of the long term effects of last year's oil spill, a legacy of the Persian Gulf war. Saudi Arabia plans a $450 million cleanup program on beaches fouled by the massive spill. Plans for the survey were disclosed by the United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco). It is to be carried out under the auspices of the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (Ropme), Unesco's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Ropme member countries are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Quantum effect on luminosity-redshift relation
There are many different proposals for a theory of quantum gravity. Even leaving aside the fundamental difference among theories such as the string theory and the non-perturbative quantum gravity, we are still left with many ambiguities (and/or parameters to be determined) with regard to the choice of variables, the choice of related groups, etc. Loop quantum gravity is also in such a state. It is interesting to search for experimental observables to distinguish these quantum schemes. This paper investigates the loop quantum gravity effect on luminosity-redshift relation. The quantum bounce behavior of loop quantum cosmology is found to result in multivalued correspondence in luminosity-redshift relation. And the detail multivalued behavior can tell the difference of different quantum parameters. The inverse volume quantum correction does not result in bounce behavior in this model, but affects luminosity-redshift relation also significantly.
Li-Fang Li; Jian-Yang Zhu
Indirect measurement of the electrocaloric effect
Zr0.95Ti0.05O 3 𝑞 heat ?𝑞𝐼𝑆𝑂 heat change during isothermal process 𝑄 charge 𝑄𝑣𝑎𝑐 charge on electrode of empty capacitor 𝜌 material density / charge density 𝜌𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 free-charge density 𝑆 entropy 𝑠 entropy per unit... in the electrocaloric effect. However, in 2006, Alex Mischenko et al. [5] published a paper that made use of the indirect method and suggested cooling in zirconium-rich PZT 95/05 (PbZr0.95Ti0.05O 3) of up to 12 �C, starting from 226 �C. This reignited enthusiasm...
Young, James Scott
On loading rate effects in toughening processes
Environmental crack tip reactions are a known source of premature fracture in oxides. These rate-dependent phenomena commonly are studied in strength tests where loading rate serves as the major experimental variable. A material susceptible to environmentally-assisted crack growth is stronger at fast testing rates. A topic which has received far less attention is the influence of stressing rate or loading rate on the shielding processes which occur at some distance from the crack tip, although the inverse has been studied by Deuerler et al. The authors present here the first known documentation of a loading rate effect on shielding phenomena in ceramic materials. For these experiments Coors AD 94 alumina was chosen for study.
Tandon, S.; Faber, K.T. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
The searchlight effect in hyperbolic materials
The quasistatic field around a circular hole in a two-dimensional hyperbolic medium is studied. As the loss parameter goes to zero, it is found that the electric field diverges along four lines each tangent to the hole. In this limit, the power dissipated by the field in the vicinity of these lines, per unit length of the line, goes to zero but extends further and further out so that the net power dissipated remains finite. Additionally the interaction between polarizable dipoles in a hyperbolic medium is studied. It is shown that a dipole with small polarizability can dramatically influence the dipole moment of a distant polarizable dipole, if it is appropriately placed. We call this the searchlight effect, as the enhancement depends on the orientation of the line joining the polarizable dipoles and can be varied by changing the frequency. For some particular polarizabilities the enhancement can actually increase the further the polarizable dipoles are apart.
Graeme W. Milton; Ross C. McPhedran; Ari Sihvola
Diffusion effects on a superconductive model
A superconductive model characterized by a third order parabolic operator L" is analysed. When the viscous terms, represented by higher - order deriva- tives, tend to zero, a hyperbolic operator L0 appears. Furthermore, if P" is the Dirichlet initial boundary - value problem for L", when L" turns into L0; P" turns into a problem P0 with the same initial - boundary conditions as P". The solution of the nonlinear problem related to the remainder term r is achieved, as long as the higher-order derivatives of the solution of P0 are bounded. More- over, some classes of explicit solutions related to P0 are determined, proving the existence of at least one motion whose derivatives are bounded. The estimate shows that the diffusion effects are bounded even when time tends to infinity.
M. de Angelis; G. Fiore
3, 2012 3, 2012 Daniel Cohen Assistant General Counsel for Legislation and Regulatory Law Office of the General Counsel US Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20585 Re: Memorandum pursuant to DOE's Ex Parte Guidance Regarding Meeting on June 11, 2012. Dear Mr. Cohen: The Center for Regulatory Effectiveness (CRE) is submitting this memorandum pursuant to the Department of Energy's (DOE) Guidance on Ex Parte Communications. 1 On June 11, 2012, Brendan Klaproth and I met with the following DOE officials: Daniel Cohen, Elizabeth Kohl, and Eric Stas. During the meeting, Mr. Klaproth and I discussed the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) decision to take a "fresh look" at current oil shale plans and BLM's
A Numerical Study on Tropical Cyclone Intensification. Part I: Beta Effect and Mean Flow Effect
The effect of planetary vorticity gradient (beta) and the presence of a uniform mean flow on the intensification of tropical cyclones are studied using a limited-area primitive equation model. The most intense storm evolves on a constant-f plane ...
Melinda S. Peng; Bao-Fong Jeng; R. T. Williams
Corn stalk orientation effect on mechanical cutting
Research efforts that increase the efficiency of size reduction of biomass can lead to a significant energy saving. This paper deals with the determination of the effect of sample orientation with respect to cutting element and quantify the possible cutting energy reduction, utilising dry corn stalks as the test material (15%e20% wet basis). To evaluate the mechanical cutting characteristics of corn stalks, a Warnere Bratzler device was modified by replacing its blunt edged cutting element with one having a 30_ single bevel sharp knife edge. Cutting force-deformation characteristics obtained with a universal testing machine were analysed to evaluate the orientation effects at perpendicular (90o), inclined (45o), and parallel (0o) orientations on internodes and nodes for cutting force, energy, ultimate stress, and specific energy of corn stalks. The corn stalks cutting force-displacement characteristics were found to differ with orientation, and internode and node material difference. Overall, the peak failure force, and the total cutting energy of internodes and nodes varied significantly (P < 0.05) with stalk cross-sectional area. The specific energy values (total energy per unit cut area) of dry corn stalk internodes ranged from 11.3 to 23.5 kN m_1, and nodes from 8.6 to 14.0 kN m_1. The parallel orientation (along grain) compared to perpendicular (across grain) produced a significant reduction of the cutting stress and the specific energy to one tenth or better for internodes, and to about one-fifth for nodes.
Igathinathane, C. [Mississippi State University (MSU); Womac, A.R. [University of Tennessee; Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine [ORNL
Methane level rise blamed in greenhouse effect
As scientists continue to probe effects of global warming trends and the greenhouse effect, increasing attention is being placed on the impact of methane. Last year, scientists at the University of California in Irvine found there were almost 1.7 parts per million of methane in the troposphere- 11% higher that a decade ago and climbing at 1% annually. European scientists came up with similar analyses, and the belief is that methane is currently 2.4 times higher than it has ever been in the last 160,000 years. The big challenge now is to identify the sources of the methane. About 15 to 20% can be traced to oil and gas wells, coal mining and other tapping of the gas trapped in the planet's crust. Other sources are bacteria working in tropical rain forests, burned-off clearings, etc. Cattle figure high on the list of methane generators. When domesticated herds of sheep, goats, pigs, etc. are figured, the total rises to 73 million metric tons per year- a 435% increase since 1890. Rice paddies are also rated a major source of methane. It's estimated that 115 million metric tons rise from rice paddies a year, as much as is coming from natural swamps and wetlands. When scientists added up all the published estimates of methane production, the total ranged from 400 million to 640 million metric tons a year. Estimates of how much methane the atmosphere can handle are similarly uncertain, ranging from 300 million to 650 million metric tons a year.
Scientific basis for the greenhouse effect
Carbon dioxide and a wide variety of other industrial gases, including methane, ozone, and freon, trap a portion of the earth's thermal radiation that would otherwise escape into space. This radiative trapping of energy produces the heating of the atmosphere popularly labeled the greenhouse effect. Detailed observations from remote stations show that the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere has increased from 316 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1958 to 350 ppmv in 1986. The exponential growth in carbon dioxide levels parallels the increased worldwide use of carbon-based fuels. Methane concentrations are increasing at a rate of one to two percent per year, lower atmosphere ozone at a somewhat smaller rate, and freons at a current rate of five percent per year. Calculations of the expected increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface since 1900 lead to a value of about 0.5/degree/C if the moderating effect of the earth's oceans is taken into account. Calculations are based on models that range in complexity from simple energy balance considerations to detailed three-dimensional calculations that strain the capacity of current digital computers. Detailed analysis of tens of millions of surface-temperature observations indicate an average warming of about 0.5/degree/C since the turn of the century and a greater warming of 2/degree/C in high latitudes. Major climatic shifts can be expected as the warming proceeds at an increasing pace. The rate of anticipated warming is historically unprecedented.
MacDonald, G.J.
Modeling the effects of reflective roofing
Roofing materials which are highly reflective to sunlight are currently being developed. Reflective roofing is an effective summertime energy saver in warm and sunny climates. It has been demonstrated to save up to 40% of the energy needed to cool a building during the summer months. Buildings without air conditioning can reduce their indoor temperatures and improve occupant comfort during the summer if highly reflective roofing materials are used. But there are questions about the tradeoff between summer energy savings and extra wintertime energy use due to reduced heat collection by the roof. These questions are being answered by simulating buildings in various climates using the DOE-2 program (version 2.1E). Unfortunately, DOE-2 does not accurately model radiative, convective and conductive processes in the roof-attic. Radiative heat transfer from the underside of a reflective roof is much smaller than that of a roof which absorbs heat from sunlight, and must be accounted for in the building energy model. Convection correlations for the attic and the roof surface must be fine tuned. An equation to model the insulation`s conductivity dependence on temperature must also be added. A function was written to incorporate the attic heat transfer processes into the DOE-2 building energy simulation. This function adds radiative, convective and conductive equations to the energy balance of the roof. Results of the enhanced DOE-2 model were compared to measured data collected from a school bungalow in a Sacramento Municipal Utility District monitoring project, with particular attention paid to the year-round energy effects.
Gartland, L.M.; Konopacki, S.J.; Akbari, H. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Energy and Environment Div.
The stabilization limits of v-flame and conical flames are investigated in normal gravity (+g) and reversed gravity (up-side-down burner, -g) to compare with observations of flame stabilization during microgravity experiments. The results show that buoyancy has most influence on the stabilization of laminar V-flames. Under turbulent conditions, the effects are less significant. For conical flames stabilized with a ring, the stabilization domain of the +g and -g cases are not significantly different. Under reversed gravity, both laminar v-flames and conical flames show flame behaviors that were also found in microgravity. The v-flames reattached to the rim and the conical flame assumed a top-hat shape. One of the special cases of -g conical flame is the buoyancy stabilized laminar flat flame that is detached from the burner. These flame implies a balance between the flow momentum and buoyant forces. The stretch rates of these flames are sufficiently low (< 20 s{sup -1}) such that the displacement speeds S{sub L} are almost equal to the laminar burning speed S{sub L}{sup 0}. An analysis based on evaluating the Richardson number is used to determine the relevant parameters that describe the buoyancy/momentum balance. A perfect balance i.e. Ri = l can be attained when the effect of heat loss from the flame zone is low. For the weaker lean cases, our assumption of adiabaticity tends to overestimate the real flame temperature. This interesting low stretch laminar flame configuration can be useful for fundamental studies of combustion chemistry.
A New Scheme for Effective Roughness Length and Effective Zero-Plane Displacement in Land Surface Models
Based on the similarity theory of the atmospheric surface layer and the flux conservation and mass conservation laws, a new scheme for determining the effective roughness length (ERL) and the effective zero-plane displacement (EZPD) for a ...
Zhong Zhong; Wei Lu; Shuai Song; Yaocun Zhang
Biological effects of underground nuclear testing on marine organisms. II. Observed effects of Amchitka Island, Alaska, tests on marine fauna
>From conference on the environmental effects of explosives and explosions; White Oak, Maryland, USA (30 May 1973). The biological effects of the Longshot, Milrow, and Cannikin underground nuclear tests at Amchitka lsland, Alaska, on marine mammals, fishes, and birds are summarized. The biological effects observed were related to the water-borne shock waves produced by the explosions. (CH)
Isakson, J.S.
EFFECT e-learning courses | Open Energy Information
EFFECT e-learning courses EFFECT e-learning courses Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: EFFECT e-learning courses Agency/Company /Organization: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank Sector: Climate, Energy Topics: Low emission development planning, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Guide/manual, Training materials, Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: www.esmap.org/esmap/EFFECT Cost: Free Language: English References: EFFECT e-learning courses[1] The EFFECT Model is an Excel-based, bottom-up, engineering style model designed to support open and transparent modeling and comparison of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions growth for a range of development scenarios. The EFFECT Model focuses on sectors that contribute to and are expected to
ARM - Field Campaign - Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study
govCampaignsCarbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) govCampaignsCarbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Campaign Links CARES Website Related Campaigns Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiation Effects Study (CARES) - Surface Meteorological Sounding 2010.05.26, Zaveri, OSC Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiation Effects Study (CARES) Photo-Acoustic Aerosol Light Absorption and Scattering 2010.05.26, Arnott, OSC Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES): SMPS & CCN counter deployment during CARES/Cal-NEx 2010.05.04, Wang, OSC Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Ground Based Instruments 2010.04.01, Cziczo, OSC Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Campaign : Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES)
Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on
Effects of Intermediate Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 on Digg
Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions | Department of
Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions On January 4, 1979, President Carter signed Executive Order 12114, entitled Environmental Effects of Major Federal Actions. The purpose of this Council on Environmental Quality memorandum is to initiate the consultation process required by this Executive Order. 44 Fed Reg 18633: Council on Environmental Quality: Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions More Documents & Publications Implementation of Executive Order 12114 Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions: Final Guideline EO 12114: Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions Unified Procedures Applicable to Major Federal Actions Relating to Nuclear Activities Subject to Executive Order 12114 (State Department, 44 Fed Reg
A New Assessment of the Aerosol First Indirect Effect
New Assessment of the Aerosol First Indirect Effect New Assessment of the Aerosol First Indirect Effect Shao, Hongfei Florida State University Liu, Guosheng Florida State University Category: Aerosols The aerosol first indirect effect is known to cool the Earth radiatively. However, its magnitude is very uncertain; large discrepancies exist among the observed values published in the literature. In this study, we first survey the published values of those parameters used for describing the first indirect effect. By analyzing the discrepancies among these values, we show that the first indirect effect has been overestimated by many investigators due to an improper parameter being used. Therefore, we introduce a more meaningful parameter to measure this effect. We estimated the first indirect effect using the new parameter based on observational
Same-Sex Couples and Marriage: Model Legislation for Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry or All Couples to Form a Civil Union
D OM . R EL . L AW (2011)); Vermont: Act of Apr. 10, 2009,domestic partnerships); Vermont: Act of Apr. 26, 2000, 20002012) (recognizing a Vermont civil union under Massachusetts
Kuehl, Sheila James; Pizer, Jennifer
Physical effects in rock under negative effective pressures: sound speeds and hydraulic diffusivity
A method for creating negative effective pressure in the laboratory has been developed and longitudinal sound speed and gas diffusivity under these conditions have been measured. The pressure field is created inside an annulus of fluid injection holes in a cylindrical sample; fluid flows radially outward down the pore pressure gradient to the sample's exterior. Pore pressure is monitored through capillary probes and the pressure field is uniform inside the injection ring. With pore fluid pressures to 1.2 MPa, decreases in both acoustic velocity and amplitude in an unconfined sample of fine-grained granite are observed. The velocity decrease is about 1.5% per MPa while amplitude decreases by approximately 10% per MPa. By measuring pressure relaxation after stepwise pore pressure increases, increases in gas diffusivity of approximately a factor of three between 0 and -1 MPa effective pressure are determined.
Shankland, T.J.; Halleck, P.M.
Effect of Temperature on GaGdO/GaN Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
GaGdO was deposited on GaN for use as a gate dielectric in order to fabricate a depletion metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). This is the fmt demonstration of such a device in the III-Nitride system. Analysis of the effect of temperature on the device shows that gate leakage is significantly reduced at elevated temperature relative to a conventional metal semiconductor field effeet transistor (MESFET) fabricated on the same GaN layer. MOSFET device operation in fact improved upon heating to 400 C. Modeling of the effeet of temperature on contact resistance suggests that the improvement is due to a reduction in the parasitic resistances present in the device.
Abernathy, C.R.; Baca, A.; Chu, S.N.G.; Hong, M.; Lothian, J.R.; Marcus, M.A.; Pearton, S.J.; Ren, F.; Schurman, M.J.
Atomic Models for Motional Stark Effects Diagnostics
We present detailed atomic physics models for motional Stark effects (MSE) diagnostic on magnetic fusion devices. Excitation and ionization cross sections of the hydrogen or deuterium beam traveling in a magnetic field in collisions with electrons, ions, and neutral gas are calculated in the first Born approximation. The density matrices and polarization states of individual Stark-Zeeman components of the Balmer {alpha} line are obtained for both beam into plasma and beam into gas models. A detailed comparison of the model calculations and the MSE polarimetry and spectral intensity measurements obtained at the DIII-D tokamak is carried out. Although our beam into gas models provide a qualitative explanation for the larger {pi}/{sigma} intensity ratios and represent significant improvements over the statistical population models, empirical adjustment factors ranging from 1.0-2.0 must still be applied to individual line intensities to bring the calculations into full agreement with the observations. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that beam into gas measurements can be used successfully as calibration procedures for measuring the magnetic pitch angle through {pi}/{sigma} intensity ratios. The analyses of the filter-scan polarization spectra from the DIII-D MSE polarimetry system indicate unknown channel and time dependent light contaminations in the beam into gas measurements. Such contaminations may be the main reason for the failure of beam into gas calibration on MSE polarimetry systems.
Gu, M F; Holcomb, C; Jayakuma, J; Allen, S; Pablant, N A; Burrell, K