text: Lung transplant gives Sarah Murnaghan chance to live her dreamsBy Chris Welch and Jason Carroll, CNNUpdated 1525 GMT (2225 HKT) August 26, 2013Just WatchedGirl, 11, survives two lung transplants replayMore Videos ...Girl, 11, survives two lung transplants 03:10Story highlightsSarah's cystic fibrosis made family think she wouldn't live past 10Groundbreaking lung transplant lets her see 11th birthday, look to years aheadHer parents say they'll keep up the fight to include children on adult transplant listsSarah Murnaghan fully understands all she's been through: her lifelong battle with cystic fibrosis that led to her deteriorating lungs, the campaign her parents waged that temporarily changed national policy surrounding organ transplants, and the fact that she came so close to death in the days leading up to her two double lung transplants."She said, 'Mommy, I knew I was dying,' " Janet Murnaghan recalls. "That was like a very crushing moment for me. And she said 'I just didn't want to tell you I was dying because I didn't want to upset you.' "Her parents say that was the toughest part."She asked, 'If I go to sleep, will I wake up the next morning?' " remembers her father, Fran Murnaghan.Today, spirits are vastly different than they were two months ago, when Sarah -- who's had cystic fibrosis since birth -- was in dire shape after being on the waiting list for pediatric lungs for 18 months. Her first transplant was a failure. After keeping Sarah alive for days by circulating her blood outside of her body to keep oxygen flowing, she received a second transplant. Aside from a brief scare with pneumonia, this one was a success.Now Sarah and her family are preparing to head home for the first time in half a year."I'm very excited," Sarah says, with a low, raspy voice, because of the tracheostomy tube that remains in her throat. "I would like to play with my brothers and sister."She also has plans to go horseback riding and try her hand on a soccer team. All things, the family now believes, she's very likely to accomplish.Just WatchedA young girl's journey for new lungsreplayMore Videos ...A young girl's journey for new lungs 02:59PLAY VIDEOJust Watched10-yr.-old survives 2 lung transplants replayMore Videos ...10-yr.-old survives 2 lung transplants 02:53PLAY VIDEOSpeaking exclusively to CNN for the first time since the surgery, Janet and Fran Murnaghan say 11-year-old Sarah could be discharged from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia as early as Tuesday."We haven't been a family in a while," Janet says. "It's ... hard to be a family when half the family lives at CHOP (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) and half lives at home."Sarah's parents say her lung biopsies show 0% rejection of her new lungs, and on Saturday she was officially taken off her oxygen machine. However, she still needs mechanical assistance — and will for some time -- until her diaphragm regains its strength."The lungs are doing great," Fran says, adding that at this stage it's all about rehabilitation of Sarah's muscles. "What's really exciting is that we know we are on the road to recovery now."Because she was in a medically induced coma and essentially paralyzed for more than three weeks, Sarah's body needs to relearn many things, including how to walk. Her physical therapy sessions can last for three hours each day and include weightlifting and cardio components.Though the process of recovery will be a long one — Janet estimates nine months to a year — Sarah is up for the challenge. Asked if she considers herself a tough girl, Sarah says, "Yes, very.""Because every time I faced things that I thought were going to be hard, then I've done them."Janet says when things get difficult, she and Fran do their best not to let their emotions show, especially around Sarah. But they admit it's happened."She'll say, 'Mom what's wrong?' I said, 'It's just hard Sarah. You worked so hard today, and you're obviously so exhausted. I wish life were easier for you.' And she said to me, 'But it's not easy, and that's OK.' "Dr. Sanjay Gupta on Sarah's storyAnd that's been Sarah's mantra: "I'm not going for easy, I'm just going for possible... And what's in front of me right now is possible."Janet and Fran are quick to call Sarah a fighter, even though anyone who meets her knows it from the start, and these days they have more confidence than they've had in months that they'll be able to see their daughter live out a life that's closer to normal."I fully plan to watch her graduate from college and watch her get married someday and do whatever it is she wants to do," Janet says. "I just don't think they're going to be as easy for her to obtain those things as somebody else, but I think she is going to have them."It isn't lost on anyone in the Murnaghan family that their daughter may not be here today if it weren't for the fierce public battle the two parents waged that started with Facebook and quickly spread to the national media.Janet and Fran's fight has temporarily changed national policy, making children younger than 12 eligible for priority on adult lung transplant lists."This is an issue that will always matter to me," Janet says, adding that she'll keep fighting because the country needs "a better plan" for distributing organs.For now, though, their focus remains on helping Sarah get her strength back."I think you'll see Sarah a year from now as a kid going into sixth grade, walking confidently back into school like every other sixth grader," Janet says. "(It's) not going to happen tomorrow, but it will happen.""She's going to get what she wants, and we're going to get what we want, which is just a regular kid."If you'd like to help the Murnaghan family, they've set up a donation page at www.gofundme.com/3c4dh0 to assist in their medical expenses.More from healthGadget tells you what's in food ... and even potEl peligro de la bacteria C.difficileThe health risks of cyberbullying in collegePowered by Livefyre


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"What is life without irony?" -- Errol Morris
Misandry! Acknowledging female presence at a major world event is an attempt to indoctrinate us into believing no men took part! As we all know, the male contribution to the Normandy landings has always been overlooked by all those beta magina historians!
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Product Description
Available while supplies last.
This Desk Organizer from Safco is available in a black finish.
Onyx™ Hanging File With 2 Horizontal Sorters Mesh Desk
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- Easily Accessible Storage That Keeps Your Work In View Will Help You Multitask And Stay On Top Of Your Game.
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US 8117644 B2 Abstract A method and system for online document collaboration includes the steps of establishing on a server computer coupled to the Internet an account for each of a plurality of users; storing on the server computer a document created by a first user; associating a set of access restrictions with the document, said access restrictions including an ability to access the document for modification by one of a first group of users, said first group of users being users whose identities are known to the server computer; receiving, from a second user, a request to modify the document, wherein said request to modify accompanies the second user's identification information; verifying the identity of the second user; permitting the second user to modify the document based on a set of access rights granted to the second user; receiving approval or disapproval for the modifications from one or more users; and storing identifying information of the one or more users who approved or disapproved the modifications to the document. In alternative embodiments, the method further includes the step(s) of storing the modified document, storing the identity of the user who modified the document, notifying one or more members of a group if the document is modified or transmitting the modified document to one or more members of a group.
Claims(11) 1. A method for online document collaboration, the method comprising the steps performed by a server computer:
establishing, on the server computer coupled to the Internet, an account for each of a plurality of users;
storing, on the server computer, a document created by a first user;
associating a set of access restrictions with the document, said access restrictions including an ability to access the document for modification by one of a first group of users, said first group of users being users whose identities are known to the server computer;
receiving, from a second user, a request to modify the document, wherein said request to modify accompanies the second user's identification information;
verifying the identity of the second user;
permitting the second user to modify the document based on a set of access rights granted to the second user;
receiving approval or disapproval for the modifications from one or more users; and
storing identifying information of the one or more users who approved or disapproved the modifications to the document.
2. The method of
verifying the second user based on one or more criteria from: (a) a description of information accessible using an authorization key, (b) an expiration time for an authorization key, (c) the trustworthiness of the second user, (d) the second user's password, (e) a security level of the second user, (f) security level of a requesting device, (g) security level of a device to which access is to be provided, (h) a security level of a password that the second party provides, (i) type of device used by the second party, (j) identity of a device used by the second party, (k) address from where a request is made, (l) Internet address from which a request is made, (m) time of day, or (n) day of week.
3. The method of
creating an audit trail of the document access.
4. The method of
if the document is modified, notifying one or more members of a group of users that the document was modified or transmitting the modified document to one or more members of a group.
5. The method of
6. The method of
applying the modification made by the second user to the document.
7. The method of
storing the identity of the second user.
8. The method of
storing the modified document.
9. The method of
storing the modifications made by the second user to the document.
10. The method of
11. A server computer system comprising a processor configured to execute the method of
Description This is a continuation-in-part application of the commonly-owned application Ser. No. 09/478,796 filed Jan. 7, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,845,448. This invention is related in general to electronic information repositories, and in particular, to an online personal library. The public interconnected computer networks�commonly called the Internet and colloquially called the web�have made possible a number of applications that were hitherto unthinkable. In general, a user visits web pages using a browser program executing on a client computer. When the user visits a web page, a document such as a news article, a downloadable file such as an e-book, downloadable software programs such as those available at www.shareware.com, a piece of music, a graphical image or other such object that is of interest, it may be a case that the user prefers to read or refer to the object at a later date. Currently the user has several choices�he can print the web page, download the page to his client computer, or make a book mark to enable an easy return to the web site for reference at a later date. But there are problems with each of these methods. Printing every web page that is of interest quickly becomes unmanageable. A product called SurfSaver� is a browser add-on, which lets a user to store Web pages directly from the browser into searchable folders on the user's client computer. While SurfSaver� can be used to organize and search the information the user gathers on the Internet, it requires the user to download software to the client computer and create an information store for web pages downloaded to the client computer. But such downloading of web pages, documents, or files may consume significant resources on the client computer, and these downloaded web pages or files may not be readily available in a form that can be shared by others. Book marking the web page or the location is a better solution than the above two methods. A typical bookmark comprises a location or address, usually specified in a Universal Resource Locator format, and a mnemonic so that the user remembers what information is stored at the location. In general, the browser program stores bookmarks in a special �book mark� file on the client computer. The location of this bookmark file is typically known to the browser, which loads the contents of the file and presents the bookmarks to the user when he makes an appropriate selection on the browser. Examples of such book marking methods are found in the commercially available browser programs such as Internet Explorer�, in which program the bookmarks are called �Favorites.� Often, it is the case that either the bookmarks are too many or they become �stale.� Bookmarks become stale when a site to which the bookmark points no longer hosts the web page addressed by the bookmark. The user, who depended on the availability of the information online, is now left with a bookmark that does not point to useful data. Additionally, sharing information with others either in a controlled manner or with a widespread audience is becoming an increasing need. Sharing information that is restricted as to the number of copies that can be made without infringing an author's or a publisher's rights is becoming important. There is a need, therefore, for a method and system to improve the state of the art to address these and other issues. The present invention is related to online repositories, which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/478,796 filed Jan. 7, 2000, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A description of electronic message handling systems is provided in the Masters thesis by Naren Chaganti, �Integrating Electronic Message Handling Systems with Databases: A Security Perspective�, submitted to the Faculty of Computer Science Engineering at The University of Texas at Arlington, Tex., May 1992, which is incorporated by reference in this disclosure in its entirety. In one aspect, the present invention allows a user to create an online personal library for storage of digital items. As used in this application, an �item� or a �digital item� is any piece of analog or digital information such as a web page, data, a document such as a news article, word processor document, spread sheet, presentation, e-book, software programs, music, video, movie, a graphical image such as a photograph, a three-dimensional image, or a similar thing. Two different roles for a person are envisioned to describe the principles of the present disclosure. They are: (1) a �user,� who is a person or a computer program that creates or effectively �owns� the online personal library; and (2) a �requester�, who is a person or a computer program that accesses the information stored in the personal library established by the user. Further, there is a service provider, which could be a person, a company or a computer program that establishes a server computer (�server�) and allows users to use the server to create, maintain and operate the personal library. The service provider is not an essential entity to enable the principles of the present invention. The user and the requester may be the same entity, but performing different roles. Alternatively they could be separate entities. The present invention is also directed toward a method and system for gathering, storing personal information on a server computer and releasing such information to authorized requesters. Several types of information are stored for release to different entities with appropriate authorization. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed toward a method of for automatically disbursing personal information belonging to a user to a requester that is authorized by the user by transmitting said personal information from a server computer operated by a service provider, said server computer coupled to a database, the method comprising the steps of establishing an account for the user with the server computer; assigning an identifier to the user; entering personal information belonging to the user, said personal information comprising at least one of a plurality of information objects; assigning at least one of a plurality of security levels to each information object; storing in the database the user identifier, the information object and the security level assigned to the information object; receiving a request to message from the requester, said request message comprising at least the user identifier; retrieving from the database the information object pertaining to the user identifier; securely transmitting the information object to the requester. In a further aspect, the invention comprises the steps of presenting an authorization by the requester; and verifying the requester's authorization. Further, any modifications, updates, or changes are automatically notified to any authorized requesters. The requester optionally provides information about to whom and where to notify changes, such as address changes. Sending a message to an electronic mail box can accomplish such change notification function. In a preferred embodiment, a frequent unauthorized requester of information can be tagged as �junk� requester, to whom no further information will be released. In another aspect of an embodiment, a user creates the online personal library on a server connected to a data communication network such as the Internet. In alternative embodiments, the user may subscribe to a service provided by an online service provider. In an embodiment, the user allocates a pre-determined amount of storage space on a storage device such as a hard disk. The user can increase this storage space as required. Alternatively, the server is preprogrammed to automatically increase the allocated space as the need arises, or after the user pays a subscription fee or a one-time fee for the space. When such extra space is allocated, in one embodiment, the user is physically allocated the extra storage space for use to create or expand his library that could be accessed by requesters. In some embodiments, a program limiting the user to use only certain storage space is reprogrammed so that the user is allowed to use a larger space for the library. In one case, the user may control the way in which the library is created; requesters may merely use the library according to the schema established by the user. Alternatively, the user may allow a requester to alter the schema as well. The storage space may be contiguous space in one physical device, or it could be distributed over a large number of physically separate disks that are accessible to the user over a network such as a Local Area Network, a Wide Area Network or a public data network. In case where the storage space is distributed over several physical devices, a controller�which could be a computer program�allows the user to access such distributed storage space in a transparent manner so that the user or requesters that access the library are unaware of the particular fashion in which the data are stored in a distributed manner over the network. The library may be partitioned to have a number of directories and sub-directories, identified by labels or icons. The labels or icons may be implemented as hyper links. Each directory or sub-directory can be either visible or invisible, or can be separately protected by a password or other device. In order to establish this method of protection, the library schema advantageously uses a plurality of levels, at least one of the pluralities of levels to be allocated to each piece of data, at a fine granular level. Once the user establishes a space to hold information, the server computer may assign an address�such as an Internet address in a dotted-decimal form or in an alphanumeric format, for example, http://library.serviceprovider.com or email@example.com�to the online library. This Internet address identifies the library to a user that subsequently accesses the library. The user then is allowed to upload digital items to the library from any computer such as his client computer. The user may direct a third party to transmit a digital item to the user's library by giving the third party his library's identifier. For example, the user may request a service such as e-books or other type of service by providing an identifier of the digital item, a destination address, which is a library address, an account name, and/or other required identifying or authorizing information such as a password if necessary. The user or the third party may then manually or via an automatic process send the digital item to the library via methods to transmit data such as E-mail, hyper text transfer protocol, file transfer protocol, Unix-to-Unix-Copy program (UUCP), or by dragging and dropping the digital item into the library. When a requester's device accesses the server, the requester's device may first establish a connection, and make a request for a digital item stored in the library. This may happen by sending a packet of data containing a request message to the server. In one embodiment, the requester's identifying information is presented to the server in the packet or in a second packet. In response, the server may verify the requester's identification information against stored information in a database coupled to the server. Thereafter, the server may deliver the requested digital item to the requester's device, or any other device designated by the requester. In the case the digital item is delivered to a different device, the server may disconnect the requester's device, and thereafter establish a second connection with the designated device to deliver the requested digital item. Depending on the security level of the requester, or security level of a password that the requester provides, or the type or address (such as an Internet address) of a device used by the requester, the time of day, the day of week, or other criterion established by the user, the requester is authorized to view or access a particular portion of the library. This authorization may enable the requester to perform a selection of such tasks as, in the case of a document, insert, delete or modify text, images or an audio clip, underline text, highlight or make margin notes with or without a digital signature, and the like, if the requester is permitted or authorized to do so. As stated above, the authorization can be separately provided or could be encoded in the type of password provided to the requester. Under this selective authorization scheme, a requester may be given only a subset of the available permissions to perform operations�i.e., the requester may be allowed only to view but not edit a document; only to add to but not delete from a video clip; only to make margin notes on a document but not change or underline the original text; make changes that are visible only to a select group of persons; and other similar tasks. When a requester edits a document, all other persons in the select group are automatically notified that a change has been made. In one embodiment, the changes are downloaded to the devices specified�if any�by the group. In other embodiments, the notified persons may subsequently access and retrieve the document to view or further edit the document, or provide a signature of approval or disapproval and store it in the library. In this manner, a document may be placed online, edited by one or more requesters, viewed or approved by others with secure digital signatures without the need to meet each other face-to-face. The present invention may also be used to distribute information to a group of persons�either a closed subset of known persons or a larger audience on the network�without violating any copyright or other restrictions on items. Where an item is copyrighted, or otherwise restricted as to the number of requesters that can simultaneously use, or download the item, a locking mechanism is invented. As an example, if an item has a single-user license�such as the type of license one normally obtains by purchasing a book, a video tape, or a music CD�and if a first requester accesses the item from the library, the item is �locked� whereby subsequent requesters are prevented from using it. In this case, the requester is given a period of time in which to return the item, or a reminder is sent to the requester for returning the item after use. In other embodiments, the requester may check out the item for a predetermined time, for example, one day. The library will establish an expiration date on the item itself before the item is downloaded. Thus, when the requester attempts to use the item beyond the previously established time period, the item will not be accessible, since the usage period has expired. An embodiment uses a semaphore to establish this locking mechanism. Another embodiment uses a semaphore coupled with a digital counter that can be decremented with each requester access. Other embodiments are also possible. In cases where a requester accesses an item that is restricted as to the number of simultaneous requesters, for a subsequent requester, the item will be shown as available in the library, but �checked out� by another requester. Further, a second requester may enlist his name or address in a �waiting list,� indicating to the library that he preferred to be notified at the address when the item is released or checked in by the requester that is currently using the item. This method can be used to allow a few licenses purchased for a popular music or video item to be shared by a number of requesters by placing the licenses in a pool that can be accessed by a larger audience. In order to enable requesters to access multiple copies, a third-party user�i.e., one that is not the user that created the library�may �donate,� �sell,� �assign,� or otherwise �contribute� his license to the library for a limited time or for an unlimited time. For example, a holder of a license can transmit his license code to the personal library, which license code can be stored in a license database coupled to the library, thereby allowing the library to provide access to as many persons as the licenses allow. In one embodiment, a license contributed by the third party user may expire after a predetermined time. In this case, a software process�such as a timer process�may be activated to periodically check for any expiration time and disable the enabled license. Other methods of pooling licenses can be devised to share rights to use the restricted digital item. Suppose a digital item has a single-user license and is loaded to a third party user's personal computer. The third party user's computer is connected to a network or otherwise communicatively coupled to the server. When a requester wishes to access the restricted digital item, the server locks a copy of the item on the third party user's personal computer and allows the requester to use the digital item for a predetermined time. The server may accomplish this locking by downloading a plug-in, an applet or a client program to the client computer, which program establishes the lock either by making the license inaccessible to any other user, or by physically removing the license file from the client computer for the duration. Such license-pooling method may include a method of locking copies of a restricted digital item distributed over the Internet. Suppose a requester accesses the library using a device that is capable of retrieving and using a digital item without any need for further formatting, the digital item is downloaded to the device directly. When, on the other hand, a requester's device requires further formatting, software resident on the server computer or the device may initiate a handshaking protocol to establish the type of formatting required. For example, the requester's device may be capable of handling only a text-based interface, only a certain types of images such as only MPEG images, has a limited storage capability, or a limited viewing area. The requester's device may have other limitations on resources such as size and type of memory device; attached or attachable storage devices; input/output capability such as pointing device; voice recognition; text-to-speech capability; video input/output capability; numeric or alphanumeric keyboard; processing power; type of operating environment; whether or not a downloaded item can be locally executed; type of encryption/decryption; type of data communication or other protocol handled; file types; type and size of the viewing area or the like. In this case, the server determines the appropriate protocol that can be used and formats the digital item to fit the device that accesses the information. In an embodiment, the server formats the content appropriately to fit the requirements of the requester's device. To accomplish this, the server may have a formatter program that formats the digital item before downloading. In such cases, the server preferably has a database of required formats specified, and stored rules for formatting. In case a different data communication protocol is to be used to enable the requester device to access a requested digital item, the server may select an appropriate protocol translator�the server invokes the selected translator, inputs the digital item to the selected translator, and directs the output to the requester's device. In other embodiments, for example, where the requester's device accesses the server to download the digital item for storage and later use, there may not be any need for pre-formatting by the server; the item can be downloaded and the requester may perform the translation locally at the client. The requester in this case may access the digital item from the server and translate it into a required local format after downloading an appropriate translator from either the server or a third-party supplier. In further alternative embodiments, the digital item may be delivered to the requester device via a streaming technique, by streaming video or audio to the device, if the requester device is suitably equipped. These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the appended claims with a reference to the drawings, where like numbers indicate like parts in the several views shown, and in which: Referring to The server computer 100 illustratively comprises a microprocessor such as a Compaq� Alpha� microprocessor, a disk drive, a memory such as a semiconductor memory, and runs an operating system such as Windows-NT� or Linux. The server computer 100 is additionally equipped with a data communications device such as a 3-COM� network card to connect to the network 102. In general, the connection to the network 102 can be established via an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a direct connection. In a preferred embodiment, the server computer 100 is connected to the network 102 via a high-speed connection such as Digital Subscriber Line. The server computer 100 is configured to function as a web server. The web server is typically a general purpose computer such as the server computer running software to interface with the Internet using sockets. Commercial suppliers such as Netscape� Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif. make available such web server software. Additionally, such web server software can also be downloaded and configured free of charge from some sources such as Apache. Additional programs such as Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs 107 reside on the server computer. The CGI programs 106 provide for communication and interaction between a user computer 104 and the server computer 100 via the network 102. These CGI programs 107, coupled with data communications software programs, are configured to receive packets of messages from computers connected to the network 102, decipher the information in the packets, and act according to instructions provided in the packets within the constraints imposed by an administrator managing the server computer 100. In addition to performing the tasks of receiving and sending packets of data from and to the computers connected to the Internet, the CGI programs 107 are configured to perform other tasks such as communicate with a database 108 coupled to the server computer 100, and extract or store information in the database 108 according to the software instructions provided within the server computer 100 or in the packets received from the network 102. Persons skilled in the art can program these CGI programs 107 using programming tools and languages such as C, C++, Java, Perl and Shell scripts. In an embodiment of the invention, the database 108 comprises a relational database management system, preferably, but not necessarily, with software code to enable Java Database Connectivity. Examples of such products include those marketed by the Oracle Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif. It should additionally be noted that in an alternative embodiment the database 108 is not needed, or it could comprise software programs executing on the server computer 100. The server computer 100 is configured to receive request messages from the user computer 104 over the internet in the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or any similar protocol used to transfer data, video, voice or a combination of these media. After analyzing the request messages, the server computer 100 is configured to transmit in response messages that include �web pages� that are programmed in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) or a similar language. Embedded in these web pages are components such as documents, scripts, objects, and frames that are configured to display colorful graphical images on a display device coupled to the user computer 104. Persons skilled in the art know how to make web pages using programming languages or tools such as HTML, Cold Fusion�, Java�, Java Script�, Active Server Pages�, Dynamic HTML, the various markup languages such as Extensible Markup Language (XML), and similar others. The user computer 104 is equipped with suitable devices and programs to connect to the network 102. In alternative embodiments, the user computer 104 is other device capable of establishing a communication in conjunction with other similar or dissimilar devices over a communication network such as the network 102. Examples of other commercially available digital interactive devices that are contemplated to function in place of the user computer 104 include a telephone, a WebTV� device marketed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.; a Palm Pilot� device marketed by 3-COM Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif., or other similar device; the device used in conjunction with the Wireless Web� service from the Sprint Corporation of Westwood, Kans.; or a Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)-enabled device such as the device marketed by @Motion.com used in conjunction with Wireless Internet service provided by companies such as Phone.com and supported by protocols such as Wireless Markup Language, Mobile Phone Markup Language. Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson, and other companies manufacture such compatible wireless handset devices. In one embodiment, the user computer 104 is a digital interactive device such as a personal computer comprising a processor similar to a Pentium-III� microprocessor, a display device such as a flat panel display or a CRT, a memory such as semiconductor memory, a storage device such as a disk drive, an input device such as a keyboard, and a pointing device such as a mouse. In other embodiments, there could be provided a microphone or other speech input device and a voice or speech recognizer coupled to the user computer 104, whereupon a user 103 could provide input to the user computer 104 using spoken word commands. Currently, several commercial products are available�either hardware or software or a combination of both�that could be configured to perform speech or voice recognition of spoken words to perform several navigational functions with respect to the web. An example is the product Dragon Dictate� marketed by Dragon Systems, Inc. of Newton, Mass. In the following, the word �selection� includes clicking a mouse or other pointing device coupled to the user computer 104 at least once; typing at least one character on a keyboard; allowing for a timer to expire; speaking at least one voice command into a microphone coupled to the user computer 104; or touching at least one area on a touch-sensitive screen and other equivalent methods. In the embodiments described below, a user 103 can navigate the network 102 using either a graphical or a text-based navigational software. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, the user computer 104 is configured to navigate the network 102 via a browser such as Internet Explorer� marketed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. Opera�, is a browser configured to enable viewing XML documents. Other browsers such as virtual reality browsers can be used to obtain a three-dimensional experience of the network 102. An example of a text-based browser can be found in the software program Lynx, which is available free of charge. The requester computer 106 comprises a processor such as a Pentium III microprocessor, a memory such as semiconductor memory, a storage device such as a hard drive, and optionally, a display device such as a CRT or an LCD display, a communications interface device such as a network card to enable connection to the network 102 either directly or via an Internet Service Provider. In alternative embodiments, the requester computer 106 could be a Java Chip enabled terminal device such as a printer directly coupled to the Internet using a protocol such as the Internet Printing Protocol, so that information objects could be directly downloaded and printed on the printer upon transmission by the server computer 100. Preferably, in such cases, there is equipped in the requester computer 106 such additional software as a handshake protocol to ensure a safe delivery of information objects. In a preferred embodiment, the invention described herein is implemented principally on the server computer 100 and the user 103 interacts with the server computer 100 via a browser program executing on the user computer 104. Similarly, the requester 105 also interacts with the server computer 100 via the requester computer 106. Referring to Preferably, the PIRSP makes it known to a user 103 that it provides a trusted information repository service. In preferred and alternative embodiments, the PIRSP announces that its services are available free, or for a fee, and in the latter case, the fee is calculated based on a per transaction basis, or on a subscription basis, either from users that store information or from entities that request such information. Other embodiments comprise direct or vicarious payment methods for utilizing the services provided by the PIRSP. These payment methods include an agreement between the PIRSP and the user 103 to generate additional or alternative sources of revenue for the PIRSP via advertisements, referrals, introductions, chain marketing methods and the like. In this application, any piece of information, however small in granularity or however agglomerated, is referred to as an �information object.� Information objects can be implemented in an object-oriented manner, for example, each tuple or a field could be implemented as an object, a data structure or in any other manner known to persons skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the database 108 is a distributed database comprising several components (not shown) such as transaction manager, concurrency controller, memory manager, or a query optimizer. The database 108 is distributed over a large geographical area at several nodes, preferably by partitioning the tables and/or the tuples according to the needs of either the requesters or of the users in each node. The tables or the tuples can be partitioned either vertically or horizontally to enable fast and easy local access. In alternative embodiments, the database 108 is located at a single place. In the following, a relational database model comprising sets of tuples, meta-data definitions for the tuples, and for other parts of the database organizational schema are described. It should be noted, however, that while a relational database model is described in the preferred embodiment, in alternative embodiments other methods of data definition, which are known to persons skilled in the art, are used. Preferably, the database 108 is configured to comprise a set of relations among several pieces of the user's personal information. These relations are shown in the following as tables according to the following schema. The schema for these tables can be designed by persons skilled in the art. It should be noted that the user's social security number or alias can illustratively be used as primary keys to access the information from the tables. Other methods, such as date of birth, mother's maiden name, finger print scan, retina scan, or a combination of these methods can be used in other embodiments. The types of fields used in the illustration include Number [0-9]; Character [A-Za-z0-9 and other special characters such as ASCII characters]; and multimedia methods of storage for other types of data.
The asterisk (*) indicates that the fields could form a primary key to the table. In a preferred embodiment, each field in each tuple is assigned a security classification, the details of which will be discussed below with reference to security. Referential integrity and Entity integrity of the information objects stored in these tables is preferably ensured. Tables can be joined according to well-known techniques such as inner and outer joins. Combining information objects from several tables can form views on tables. The tables, once formed are preferably normalized to make an efficient usage of the space. Other tables, the schema for which are not described, are established to store information such as user's contact information (comprising home and work address, telephone and facsimile numbers, address of a nearest relative in case of an emergency, personal web home page address, personal web bookmarks, design of a portal); employment-related information (employer name, address, job title, job classification, salary range, supervisor's name and phone number, and the like); personal demographic information (sex, age, date of birth, marital status, spouse information); property-related information (own/rent home, amount of money in various bank accounts, ownership of stocks or other securities, property ownership information, personal property such as car, boat, private jet, and other details); health related information (types of medication currently used, surgeries undergone, type of drugs that tend to cause allergic reactions, smoking/drinking habits, hospitalization information, status of the several parts of the body, dental records, eye care information, genetic information, family medical history, etc); biometric information (retina scan, samples of speech, finger prints, DNA sequences, and other information); credit related information (rent/mortgage payments, landlord/lender's name, address, phone number, credit card information and the like); personal preferences (movies, travel, books, frequent flier club memberships, important dates such as birthdays, anniversary dates, magazine subscriptions, etc); preferences such as choice of long-distance company, the features used in one's telephone service such as call waiting, call forwarding, three-way calling; names of friends and family members; travel preferences such as preferred airline, class of travel, whether an aisle or a window seat is preferred, whether a rental car is required, what size car is required; hotel preferences such as smoking/non-smoking section, any wake-up call is required, and if so, at what time, the type of amenities preferred or required at the hotel; pleasure-related preferences such as tee-time at a golf course, theater preferences, seat preferences, etc; or preferences for billing and payment methods (cash, credit/debit card, and the like). It should be noted that the type of information that can be stored in these tables can be unlimited. There is no requirement that all the pieces of information need to be furnished, since a requester 105 of information will be provided only that which is made available with the data base 130 or that which is authorized to be released to the requester 105. A requester 105 that requests information also identifies himself and presents authorization from the user 103. Tables are also devised to store such requester's identification and authorization information for storage in the database 108. All accesses of information are recorded to generate a verifiable audit trail. Tables to store such audit information are designed in the database 108, preferably in a secure partition reachable only by persons with a very high security clearance. In a preferred embodiment, the server computer 100 is configured�in addition to being configured as a web server�to include a number of modules: a user account establishment module 610; a user account management module 112; a personal information collection module 114; a request reception module 116; an authorization verification module 118; a security module 120; a database interface module 130; a statistics module 140; and a report generation module 150. The server computer 100 preferably includes a trusted computer base (TCB) comprising a secure kernel, which includes the security module 120. Most of the security relevant code is stored in the secure kernel. All security relevant events are audited, recorded. Further, events that signal any breach of security are defined and programmed. Upon the occurrence of such an event, an action, including sending an alarm to a predefined entity or person, is performed. Preferably, the modules are implemented as independent memory-resident processes�such as UNIX� processes�capable of communicating with each other using inter-process communication facilities such as queues, semaphores, sockets, pipes, shared memory and the like. Persons skilled in the art can program these modules using programming languages and techniques such as C, C++, Java or Enterprise Java Beans. It should be noted that the number, nature and functionality of the modules described herein could be differently designed by other designers, and therefore should not be a limiting factor in construing the invention. Referring to The server computer 100 comprises at least one of a plurality of web pages such as the web page 300, which are displayed on the user computer 104. When the web page 300 is displayed, the user 103 is allowed to set up an account with the PIRSP, by entering his name or other identifier in a first text field 302, optionally entering a password string in a second text field 304 and selecting a push button 310 to transmit the web page 300 to the server computer 100 (step 204). In other embodiments, the user 103 provides information to the PIRSP, which information comprises a name, a billing address, a contact E-mail address. The CGI programs 107 executing on the server computer 100 receive the web page 300, and invoke the user account establishment module 610 to create a new account for the user 103. This process includes allocating an account number to the user 103, which account number is preferably stored in the database 108 (step 206). In a preferred embodiment, the CGI programs 107 perform this process of receiving and transmitting packets of data during all interactions with the server computer 100. Therefore, in the following, this description is omitted. The user account management module 112 comprises code configured to record every access of the user's personal information by the user 103 in the database 108. This establishes an audit trail for a subsequent use (step 208). The user 103 thereafter enters his personal information such as the kind of information described before, by entering the information via text or other selections made in web pages displayed by the server computer 100 (step 210). It should be noted that since many areas of personal information can be stored by the user 103, it is not required that all such information be entered by the user 103 at one time. For example, the user 103 may initially wish to store his travel preferences and nothing else. This could be because he contemplates travel and wishes to provide this information to his travel agent. Later, the user 103 may enter his medical information and store it in appropriate tables since he wishes to visit his doctor. In this manner, at various times, the user 103 may furnish different aspects of personal information, which will be stored for a future use after it is entered once. The user account management module additionally allows the user 103 to change or to update the user's password, address, telephone number or any other information. The user can change or update his personal information any time after the account is established. Preferably, the user can also provide a list of entities that should be notified for each change. In one embodiment, each information object that is changed or updated is notified to a list of authorized recipients automatically. In another embodiment, a change or an update is provided to a requester 105 when a request is made. The user account management module 112 optionally allows the user 103 to select a payment plan for the services rendered by the PIRSP, block any request if the user 103 is in default of a payment, obtain credit card or other verification, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the payment plans for the user 103 depend on the number of security classifications the user 103 has chosen, the number and nature of the information objects stored by the user 103, the number of requests for information received, the number of accesses or updates made by the user 103 to view and/or change the information objects, the type of customer service requested, the number of entities to which any changes are to be notified, the resources utilized by the user 103, or a combination of these and similar types of activities. Preferably after user enrollment, the personal information collection module 114 obtains control of the program execution and presents the user 103 with at least one of a series of web pages. These web pages allow the user 103 to provide information to store in corresponding tables described above. In other embodiments, the user provides his information in a paper form, which is entered by the PIRSP into the database 108. Preferably, the user 103 also provides a security classification for each information object, at the tuple or at the field level; by selecting a radio button or a check box for each information object. In a preferred embodiment, there are a predetermined number of security classifications; in other embodiments, there could be a numerical value given to each class of security desired, and the higher the numerical value, the greater is the security classification. No security classification may imply that the information can be released freely to the requester 105, if the user's name is specified. After the user 103 fills out the web page forms displayed on the client computer 100, the web pages are transmitted to the server computer 100, whereupon the CGI programs 107 receive, parse, and deliver portions of data to the database interface module 130 which stores portions of data entered by the user 103 as information objects in the database 108 in appropriate tables. In a preferred embodiment, the information objects that could be stored in a plurality of tables are collected from the user 103 in a single web page form. In other embodiments, each table or each part of a table can be separately populated with an information object or several objects retrieved from a single web page. In an alternative embodiment, the series of web pages can be displayed as framed or overlapping web pages and the user 103 preferably navigates from one page to another page by simply clicking on a predetermined area on a web page. Preferably, the user 103 obtains from the server computer 100 at least one key to access his personal information. In one aspect, the key is provided to an authorized entity to enable access of the user's personal information stored in the database 108. There could be a number of types of authorization keys obtainable by the user: a one-time-use-only authorization key, a multiple use authorization key, a qualified authorization key, and others. In another aspect, the attributes encoded in the authorization key allow the release of a specific type of information from the server computer 100. Preferably, these encoded attributes of the authorization key�such as, how many times the authorization can be used to obtain access, what information is accessible using the authorization, any expiration time on the password, whether or not the trustworthiness of the requester is a precondition before releasing the information and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the user 103 specifies these criteria and requests a key from the server computer 100. The key is preferably a string of alphanumeric characters of sufficient length as to prevent being deciphered easily by unscrupulous persons. In other embodiments, the authorization key is preferably encrypted, comprise a spoken word or phrase, a finger print scan, a retina scan, DNA identification, or other forms of identification. These keys could be used in a case such as when the user 103 is unconscious, and an immediate need exists to obtain medical or other information in order to save the patient. In a preferred embodiment, the database interface module 130 comprises code to establish and verify security classification for each information object stored in the database. Preferably, for each information object, which could be a field, a row, a column, a tuple, or an entire table, a security classification is provided, which is marked on the object. This security classification is preferably an explicit and well-defined policy enforced by the security module 120. Individual accesses of each information object are recorded in the database 108. Each requester is clearly identified and an explicit audit trail for each access is recorded in the database 108. In another aspect, the database interface module 130 operates as a reference monitor as well. The reference monitor mediates all accesses of requests for information objects. Other methods of ensuring security include establishing access control lists for each level of a multi-level security system; a system such as the Signed Document Markup Language (SDML); usage of trusted and known sources such as well-known companies as the requesters, public key encryption, third-party authentication, and other similar techniques. In a preferred embodiment, potential requesters are also enrolled by the PIRSP in a similar manner as described for the user 103 (step 214). The server computer 100 establishes accounts for potential requesters, allocates identifiers, authenticates their trustworthiness and enables them to establish a payment/billing plan for accessing information objects stored by the user 103. In one embodiment, where there are a number of users, statistical information, rather than individual pieces of information objects are offered for sale to potential requesters. In other embodiments, the potential requesters do not establish accounts with the PIRSP, and will pay as they go for each access of information as described below. In an embodiment, the user 103 provides his identifier and a secure password, to a requester 105. This could be done, for example, when the user 103 decides to provide a travel agent or a tailor that his personal travel preferences or style and measurements can be obtained from the server computer 100 operated by the PIRSP. In one embodiment, the requester's web page (not shown) comprises an area, selecting which the user 103 can specify that his information can be obtained from the PIRSP's web site. Preferably, the user 103 provides his identifier, a specific authorization�for example to fetch the travel preferences or the medical history and nothing else�and requests the requester 105 to obtain his personal information from the PIRSP. The requester computer 106 is configured to receive this authorization over a secure channel, and to initiate a request to the PIRSP for the user's personal information. In an alternative embodiment, the requester 105 requests the user 103 manually to fill out a form. This may happen in cases where the user 103 visits a doctor's office, or attempts to establish an appointment with the doctor's office. The doctor's office, which could be enrolled with the PIRSP, may request that the user 103 provide personal information via the PIRSP. The user 103 provides the requester 105 his identifier and authorization to obtain the information from the PIRSP. In one embodiment, the PIRSP publicly discloses the database schema, so that any requester 105 can specify the type of information by naming the table and the fields that they want. In other embodiments, the actual database schema are kept secret, but the nature of information that is made available for access by a requester is announced to potential requesters. The requester 105 preferably establishes a secure connection with the server computer 100 and presents the user's identifier and authorization to the server computer 100 (step 216). Preferably, this process includes the following steps. First, a session with an encrypted Secure Socket Layer connection is established between the requester computer 106 and the server computer 100. Second, the requester 105 transmits at least one packet of data to the server computer 100, said packet of data comprising its identification, its electronic address (either dotted decimal form or other forms), any processor identifier of the requester computer 106. The server computer 100 receives these data and records them in the database 108 along with the time and date when the request is made. Third, the requester computer 106 is configured to present the user's identifier and authorization to the server computer. Alternatively, the requester 105 sends a secure electronic mail (E-mail) to the server computer 100. The secure E-mail contains a user identifier, a user-provided authorization key or password, and a request in the form of a database query. In an alternative embodiment, the requester 105 can be the same as the user 103, such as in case the user 103 wishes to store information for himself, e.g., personal or business phone numbers, E-mail addresses, and other similar information typically stored in a person's wallet, frequent flier numbers, passwords to debit cards, preferences and the like. In this case, an authorization is not required for the user 103 to view information objects stored by him. Preferably, after authenticating the requester 105, and if the requester 105 is determined to be a genuine entity, a security level is assigned to the requester's request (step 218). The security module 120 verifies the security classification for each field or information object requested before releasing it to the requester 105. Preferably, an information object is released to the requester only if the requester's security classification is at least that of the information object requested. Otherwise, the request is discarded and the attempt by the requester 105 is recorded as a failed request. In a preferred embodiment, a requester that makes a predetermined number of unauthorized or failed requests is tagged as �junk� requester. The junk requester's identification information is stored in the database 108. A further request from this junk requester is ignored or an alarm message is generated to take an appropriate action (step 220). The security module 120 preferably performs authentication and verification by assigning a numerical value to the requester 105. Any authorization from the user 103 presented by the requester 105 is also assigned a numerical value. Further, each information object that the requester 105 wishes to access from the server computer 100 is also assigned a numerical value. Preferably, these numerical values represent a corresponding security level for each entity or item to which the value is assigned. In alternative embodiments, numerical values representing security levels are also assigned to the entities from where the request arrived at the server computer 100 such as the requester computer 106 and the network 102. The security module 120 thereafter examines the security levels of each entity included in the data transfer process (transaction) to determine the overall security level for the transaction. In a preferred embodiment, any requested information is released to a requester only if the security level of the requester 105 is at least that of all information objects requested. In other embodiments, only those information objects that are at or below the security level of the requester 105 are released to the requester. In a preferred embodiment, the requester 105 formulates a query, in a readily executable form, preferably in a language such as the Structured Query Language. In other embodiments, the query by the requester 105 is a listing of the information objects requested. The database interface module 130 then executes at least one of a series of queries to extract the information sought by the requester 105 (step 222). The query optimizer included in the database 108 optimally retrieves the stored information after verifying the security level of the request, with the security level designated by the user 103 for an information object. The security module 120 and the database interface module 130 use several alternative methods of accessing information. In one method, the database interface module 130 retrieves an information object if the security level of that information object is at or below the security level for the request and that of the authorization. In another embodiment, a data base view is automatically defined to extract all individually classified information objects, and in this case, if the security level of an information object is above the security level for the request, a blank entry is returned. Alternatively, the database interface module 130 may insert an indication instead of a blank entry, which indication specifies that either the information is not available, or it is available for a requester with a higher security level, and the like. In another embodiment, the user 103 requests the PIRSP to disburse information to the requester 105 using an electronic means (step 224). In this case, the user is authenticated and the information objects are downloaded or transmitted to the requester 105, preferably via secure E-mail, file transfer protocol, after establishing a circuit-switched connection, facsimile, U.S. mail or any other method. Preferably, the requester 105 is forbidden from reselling or retransmitting the information, or using it beyond an expiration date set either by the user 103 or by the PIRSP. Preferably, to ensure this, information objects are copyrighted or otherwise contractually protected. Further, this could be a selling point to users, since the PIRSP not only guarantees the safety of the stored information, but in addition controls how this information is used. In one embodiment, the requester 105 is charged a fee for receiving the information objects, on a per object basis, or on a subscription basis or for receiving statistical reports. The PIRSP may provide an incentive to the user 103 by paying the user 103 a portion of the fee to the user 103. In another embodiment, a requester may receive statistical report such as �how many male golf players between the ages 22 and 55 in the zip code 20006 are interested in trading stocks?� The statistics module 140 and report generation module 150 make appropriate queries in the database 108 and obtain the information. Preferably such statistical information is considered secure unless it has a tendency to reveal too much about the user's behavior. Thus, so long as information is aggregated and can remain anonymous, it may be released to potential requesters to assist marketing of products/services. The user 103 may change or update his personal information. Examples of changes could be address or telephone number changes, and the like. Some changes are effective at a future date. Some information is updated either by the user 103 or by a third party (not shown). An example of such updated information is medical information. When the user 103 makes the changes, he makes these by accessing the server computer 100 web site and entering his information as described above. The user 103 elects or designates any requesters or recipients of change notifications. The server computer 100 automatically retrieves the information objects that changed and notifies the designated requesters or recipients via secure E-mail, or other methods indicated above (step 226). In alternative embodiments, notification messages are left in mail boxes located on the server computer 100 and owned by requesters. Each change notification is recorded in the database 108 for audit trail purposes. In a preferred embodiment, every time an information object is accessed, an entry is made into the database 108 and a secure audit trail established (step 228). This audit trail is preferably designed to track the activities of the PIRSP as well as the activities of the user 103 and the requester 105. This ensures that a clear audit is preserved to determine and prevent any misuse of personal information. Preferably such audit trail is established by programming in the secure kernel included in the server computer 100. All activities are stored in a specially partitioned area of the database 108 and are read-only after written by any process. Referring now to As has been described above, two different roles for a person are envisioned to describe the principles of the present disclosure: (1) a �user,� who is a person or a computer program that creates or effectively �owns� or controls the online personal library or a part of the library; and (2) a �requester�, who is a person or a computer program that accesses the information stored in the personal library established by the user. Further, there is a service provider, which could be a person, a company or a computer program that establishes a server computer (�server�) and allows users to use the server to create, maintain and operate the personal library. The service provider is not an essential entity to enable the principles of the present invention. The user and the requester may be the same entity, but performing different roles. Alternatively the service provider could establish the online library according to the principles described herein and allow requesters to access the items stored in the library. In another embodiment, the requester and the user could be separate entities. In an embodiment, as described above, a user 103 (operating a user computer 104) establishes a connection with a data communication network 102. Then the user computer 104 establishes a link with the server 100 and creates an online personal library by utilizing a multi-level secure data storage and retrieval system such as the system described above. In alternative embodiments, the user 103 may subscribe to a service offered by a Library Service Provider (LSP) who operates the server 100. This can be accomplished by establishing an online account with the LSP in a manner similar to that described previously with reference to the PIRSP. Table 3 depicts an example of a table schema that stores meta-information for the items stored in the library.
Non-Patent Citations
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text:
History Fair re-enactors, enthusiasts turn downtown into 'a fun school'
A Civil War Confederate soldier was spotted getting in a truck in the State Street parking garage.
A World War II GI, next to a vintage Army Jeep, helped a small child who had fallen out of stroller.
And Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln greeted fans.
It was certainly a day for interesting characters in downtown Knoxville on Saturday.
It could signify only one event — the East Tennessee Historical Society's sixth annual History Fair.
In a Market Square already bustling with activity due to the regular Saturday farmers' market, lovers of history packed the area around Krutch Park and the East Tennessee History Center for the various history-themed displays and events.
In addition to visiting with knowledgeable people in period outfits, fair-goers stopped by booths from historical-related organizations, stood in line for free history-related tours and listened to historically-based music.
There was nothing dry about this presentation of history — except maybe in the humor from the dog owner who dressed up a canine like the late moonshiner Marvin "Popcorn" Sutton.
"The fair brings people out," said Dan Feller, a University of Tennessee history professor who served as one of the dog show judges. "It presents history to them in an agreeable and entertaining fashion.
"Nobody wants to go to school, but in a way, this is a school. It's a fun school."
Providing a visual lesson a few feet away on life during the Revolutionary War was the period costume-adorned family of Mike and Rachel Walker, whose ancestors fought in the American Revolution.
"I think it is just wonderful to bring history to life so that younger children can get a passion for history and know more about where they came from," said Rachel Walker.
It apparently seemed to be working for their daughters, SaraGrace and Faith, who were greeting visitors with smiles. In fact, SaraGrace said she would not have minded living back in that time.
"It would be fun to do all that stuff and see how it was done," she said while knitting a yarn belt.
Joining the Walkers as a "Revolutionary" for a day was Paula Green, who said that teaching lessons about the period is important.
"They didn't realize how tough it was," she said. "They had to make everything. It's not like you could go to Walmart."
In another part of Krutch Park — and representing another period of American history — was Union Civil War re-enactor Tom Vaselopulos.
Fair visitors, he said, were curious about the period food he had displayed, as well as his firearm. Vaselopulos had taken part last month in re-enacting the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania for its 150th anniversary.
"It was awesome," he said. "It was great to be there."
Back over in the booth area — near where international award-winning mountain dulcimer player Sarah Morgan of Union County was entertaining from a stage — Linda Konig was sharing her enthusiasm for the historic Rugby community, where she serves as a volunteer.
"Some of them have been to Rugby, but most have not," she said as she handed out brochures and mints to passersby.
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Ramirez to train with Pacquiao; Scott wins for Goossen; Buffer turns 70
In Lem Satterfield's latest notebook, we get updates on prospect Jose Ramirez, heavyweight Malik Scott and ring announcer Michael Buffer.
In Lem Satterfield's latest notebook, we get updates on prospect Jose Ramirez, heavyweight Malik Scott and ring announcer Michael Buffer.
Lem Satterfield's latest notebook reveals the latest inductee of the Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame on August 9, Roberto Duran.
Hall of Fame boxing ring announcer Michael Buffer and his brother, Bruce Buffer, who has a similar role in the mixed martial arts arena, are "pretty different," according to Soledad O'Brien, whose profile on the siblings will be aired on HBO's Real Sports on Tuesday at 10 p.m. ET/PT.
In Lem Satterfield's latest notebook, we get the lowdown on the Buffer Brothers' 'Real Sports' feature on HBO and much more boxing action in the coming weeks.
Manny Pacquiao on Brandon Rios: "I have seen Rios fight, and I am confident that I will win the fight. One of my advantages is my experience against better opposition. A more diversified opposition."
WBA middleweight titleholder Gennady Golovkin and challenger Curtis Stevens weighed 159.6 and 159.2, respectively, in advance of Saturday's bout.
WBO welterweight titleholder Tim Bradley: "I feel that I'm finally going to get my just due. I feel that I am finally one of the best fighters in the world."
Juan Manuel Marquez said he was "scared of the judges more than" Tim Bradley during the post-fight press conference for their WBO welterweight title bout that Bradley won by split decision on Saturday in Las Vegas.
"Honestly, I can't wait to see how he's going to try to knock me out," said Keith Thurman of rival Diego Chaves. "That's part of the excitement in this game and in this sport. I'm definitely willing to step into that danger zone."
Ageless Hall of Fame ring announcer Michael Buffer will be profiled on HBO's debut series "Cornered" on March 5.
Michael Buffer attended Thursday night's Fight Night For Children in Washington, D.C., alongside boxing legends such as Sugar Ray Leonard, Larry Holmes, Michael Spinks, Aaron Pryor, Pernell Whitaker, James "Buster" Douglass and Ray Mancini.
Sugar Ray Leonard on being sexually abused as a teenager: "It knocked me down, but it didn't knock me out."
Michael Buffer on Emanuel Steward: "As a fan and colleague, I mourn the loss of a legend… an icon. As a friend, I have lost a loved one and my heart is broken."
Bob Arum on Tim Bradley-Manny Pacquiao: "We have to have everybody, including myself and everybody connected with the fight in for some serious questioning."
Manny Pacquiao's trainer, Freddie Roach, believes the fighter's marital troubles might have factored in to his sub-par performance against Juan Manuel Marquez in November.
Manny Pacquiao has joined other celebrities in a new Hennessy ad campaign that aims to inspire people to "reach new and greater levels of achievement."
The death of boxing historian Bert Sugar leaves a hole in the heart of the sport, say his colleagues and admirers.
Eight months after doing a "terrible" job at his first announcing gig, Michael Buffer worked a Roberto Duran fight at Madison Square Garden. "I was completely dreadful…So I was kind of lucky to have gotten my foot back into the door."
Recent Hall of Fame electees Freddie Roach, Mark "Too Sharp" Johnson and ring announcer Michael Buffer will be on hand for Saturday's Amir Khan-Lamont Peterson fight.
Thomas Hearns and Mark Johnson were elected into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, along with Freddie Roach, Al Bernstein, Michael Buffer, and Michael Katz, it was announced on Tuesday.


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CAIRO — After days of anti-American turmoil in the Muslim world, governments on Sunday looked ahead to a week of trying to make an uneasy accommodation between the anger of their citizens and their desire to convince the United States of their goodwill.
But U.S. diplomatic outposts remained under threat. In Pakistan, at least one protester was killed and 18 were injured Sunday as hundreds of people broke through a barricade in a march to the U.S. Consulate in Karachi, and thousands more rallied in Lahore, where American flags were burned, the Associated Press reported.


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Citigroup Will Sell Private-Equity Unit to Rohatyn Group
Sept. 3 (Bloomberg) -- Citigroup Inc., the third-biggest U.S. lender, will sell its emerging-markets private-equity unit to the Rohatyn Group to comply with new curbs on risky bank investments. Terms weren't disclosed.
The combined firm, dubbed TRG, will have more than $7 billion in assets, including about $6 billion in private equity, according to a statement today from both companies. TRG will have 18 offices globally and investments will include private equity, real estate, infrastructure, hedge funds, fixed income and inflation-linked bonds.
Citigroup Chief Executive Officer Michael Corbat is among U.S. bank chiefs grappling with the Volcker rule, which aims to bar federally backed lenders from making bets with shareholder cash that might lead to a catastrophic failure. The rule would keep lenders from investing more than 3 percent of Tier 1 capital in private-equity and hedge funds or owning more than 3 percent of the funds.
"I've had an ongoing dialog with Citi and a number of other banks through the years," Nicolas Rohatyn, 53, CEO and chief investment officer at TRG, said in a phone interview. "It became clear after the financial crisis with the arrival of the Volcker rule that this was going to put pressure on big banks."
The Citi Venture Capital International unit, or CVCI, manages about $4.3 billion, according to the statement. Danielle Romero-Apsilos, a spokeswoman for New York-based Citigroup, declined to comment on how much of that sum belongs to the bank. Other CVCI investors include sovereign wealth funds, wealthy individuals and family offices, Rohatyn said.
Who Stays
Marc Desaedeleer, CVCI's chief investment officer, will be appointed interim CEO and was named to TRG's executive committee, the firms said. Most CVCI staff will join the combined firm, Rohatyn said.
Dipak Rastogi, CVCI's founder and leader since inception in 2001, won't stay with the venture, according to an internal memo from Jamie Forese, Citigroup's co-president, and James von Moltke, head of corporate mergers and acquisitions. Rastogi had been with the company for 30 years, according to the memo.
"CVCI has one of the very few teams in the industry that has created value for its investors while operating exclusively in the emerging markets," Forese said in the memo. The deal is part of efforts to comply with the Volcker rule, according to the memo.
Rohatyn is the son of Felix Rohatyn, the former head of Lazard Freres & Co. who was credited with helping to save New York City from bankruptcy during the 1970s. The younger Rohatyn previously worked with JPMorgan Chase & Co.
"We'd observed the trend in the market with a number of banks shedding these operations," Rohatyn said. "Citigroup was certainly active in shedding some of these but so were other banks."
To contact the reporter on this story: Donal Griffin in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: David Scheer at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Pronunciation: /biːl/
Definition of Beale, Dorothea in English:
( 1831–1906), English educationist. She was principal of Cheltenham Ladies' College 1858–1906 and a campaigner for women's suffrage and higher education.
Definition of Beale, Dorothea in:
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Easy embedding of videos for the Ooyala Video Platform. Browse your Ooyala videos, and easily insert them into your posts and page.
Ooyala's API went down and the genius that wrote this plugin didn't handle its exceptions. Tah-dah, my site is now down until Ooyala's API goes back up again. Idiocy, sheer idiocy.
This plugin while doing the basic functionality, doesn't have any error catching on its API interactions (which happen on every admin page load). Meaning, if the Ooyala API goes down for any reason, so does the backend of any sites in which this is installed.
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Concierge.com's insider take:
Kirketon was once Sydney's, nay, Australia's coolest hotel. Those days may be long past, but the lobby still exudes a raffish air of coolness, and the moody lighting provides a perfectly discreet atmosphere for the occasional celebrity guest. The rooms are small but chicly furnished with mid-century modern classics (Eero Saarinen Tulip chairs, Bertoia Diamond chairs), and the mirrored hallways could be the setting of a music video. There's a new restaurant on-site, Kells Kitchen (where star chef Luke Mangan's acclaimed Salt used to be), serving flavors from around the globe, such as five-spice duck consommmé, Wagyu beef miniburgers, and naan bread baskets. Another thing that's changed: With rooms starting from $205 a night, a stay at the hotel is much kinder on the hip pocket than it used to be.
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RSA: The Elusive Structure of the Cyber-criminal Economy
At the RSA Conference in San Francisco, security researchers outlined the underground economy for cyber-crooks. The black market for stolen data is thriving in an increasingly sophisticated and compartmentalized landscape.
As it turns out, stealing credentials is actually the easy part of cyber-theft. The hard part is using them to pilfer bank accounts. Fortunately for phishers, they have no shortage of help in that regard. This ecosystem of hackers, malware writers and money mules was on full display at this week's RSA Conference, where researchers described an increasingly compartmentalized hacker underground where thieves can buy subscriptions to online fraud services.


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I was born in Colorado and my heart still resides there. I have also lived in Wisconsin, Tennessee and Florida, […]
I was born in Colorado and my heart still resides there. I have also lived in Wisconsin, Tennessee and Florida, where I now reside.
I was blessed to have a strong, loving and god-fearing family. The discipline and direction I didn't receive from them, I received from another family serving in the US Navy. I was honored to meet and serve with some of the finest people in this nation, including members of the Marines, Army, Air Force and Coast Guard. My heart will always be humbled, I will always admire your dedication, and you will always have my respect.
After service and an honorable discharge, I made my way to Southern Florida where I was proud to call myself a Bull. I graduated from the University of South Florida as a dual major in Marketing and Management.
I then completed my MBA with a concentration in Marketing at Florida Institute of Technology. I finished my academic career at Saint Leo University where I completed 2 additional post-graduate classes in Sales Management and Business Management.
My goal every day is to inspire someone to become something greater than they are today; to think past what is easily within reach and challenge them to step outside their comfort zone; to find their purpose, master their craft, and empower them to look beyond the illusions of obstacles in front of them.
My time of service in the US Navy helped me understand how powerful people really are. It is not easy to get a group of individuals to work towards a common goal, with a sense of purpose and infectious enthusiasm; where relationships are built on a foundation of trust, ownership and cooperation; that the idea of leaving anyone behind, to fend for themselves, is foolish; where the impossible happens every day and innovation is more than a word.


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5 Food Additives To Avoid
by Toby Amidor in Grocery Shopping, Label Decoder, August 3, 2010Our food is laden with additives, many times in order to preserve it. But some of the disadvantages of these substances outweigh the benefits. Here are the top 5 that made our list — we'll let you decide if they're worth it.
Summer is peak season for grilling up hot dogs, but their bright-red color is compliments of nitrites, which have been linked to cancer. You can also find this additive in bacon, cured meats, sausage, ham and smoked fish.
Read more about nitrites »
Although this fat substitute found in chips tastes like the real deal, you'll feel the unpleasant results after eating a few too many.
Learn all about olestra »
Artificial Sweeteners
Why fill your body with chemicals when there are so many other natural ways to sweeten your food? The artificial sweetener debate is a controversial one — where do you stand?
Weigh in on the sweet debate »
Sulfites are best known for their ability to preserve wine as it ages. Although considered "mostly" safe, sensitivities to this additive can develop at any age, and can vary from itchy skin to not being able to breathe.
Learn all about sulfites »
Artificial Food Coloring
The colors that make junk foods visually appealing have been linked to cancer, allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children. Many of these artificial colors are found in high-calorie processed foods that contain few nutrients. Is this really what you want to be putting in your body?
Learn more about the risks of artificial food coloring »
TELL US:: What food additives do you avoid?
Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN, is a registered dietitian and consultant who specializes in food safety and culinary nutrition. See Toby's full bio »
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Noticed: Whey on the Way
Cheers! Whey's time has come. ...Comments (
134 )-
I never knew that about artificial coloring! That makes complete sense! Another one on the list to stay away from! thank you!!
Thank you for your well studied and considered statement. How is it we know the truth behind these strange statements about sensitivity to MSG and the rest haven't a clue.
Soy retards the body's ability to absorb calcium and Vitamin D.
Okay, but if soy is so bad…why is it that oriental people who have a soy-based diet are healthier and live longer?


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Cosmetology is a science and an art. Regency Beauty Institute in North Tucson, AZ brought the disciplines together during a hands-on anatomy course lead by instructor Rachel B.
The course helped the cosmetology school students understand how massage is enhanced through a visual understanding of the bones and muscles. Students were able to create realistic face charts and practice on one another by using makeup to show the muscles below the surface of the skin.
"We actually had to visualize the muscles on the face," said cosmetology student Karina D. "It's something you don't get to see everyday."
Understanding what's beneath the surface of a face makes a huge difference in massage. Facial massage is much gentler than a typical massage. It can improve circulation and skin tone, stimulate blood flow and relieve tension.
Mocking up the facial muscles using makeup was a hands-on way for the students to learn, Rachel said. "Learning the bones and muscles of the face and head, the nerves and the blood supply is essential for massage."
'Seeing' below the surface of the skin also helps get the students excited about anatomy.
"Learning it visually keeps the cosmetology side of it in the forefront of students' minds," Rachel said.


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What Can Do?
i love my boyfriends who going in uk before 9 month. he do so many things for me only.infact he was went there also for me .that he will settled and take me with him . but before 4 month i lost my mother and i'm too much alone here my brother is also in uk and now no one with me herei'm so lonely ......... i wanna marry with him but there are a lots of problem like we are only 20 yr older and another thing he is not settled now
how can i tell to my brother about him
what can i do and don't
please help me
1 Response
Oct 22, 2011
Wait, is he moving to the UK with you?

I'm sure your brother would understand if you just told him. I will be 20 this year I too want to marry my boyfriend, but not now.

Why do you want to marry him so much?


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Today's reality is that:
4 times the number of Iraqi citizens have died under Bush than under Saddam.
2 million have fled the country, most never to return because of the length of time involved. That's a loss of about 4 million Iraqi countrymen and women. That's a pretty high percentage for such a small country. (I forget the population)
Thousands are interred in concentration camps, some since the beginning with no hope of release – ever.
The entire country is an armed camp. Death around every corner. Everyone is trying to kill someone or keep from being killed by someone.
No government. Ergo, No infastructure.
No electric.
No drinklable water if and when there is water.
Food is scarce and poor, even dangerous quality.
Less oil production and revenue than before the war.
The cost of living has skyrocketed across the board.
Health care is almost nonexistant. Pathology is necessarily the primary medicine practiced.
No employment is available that will not place you on a target list.
No one, anywhere is the country, is safe.
No end in sight.
No impeachment.


text: Paul WarwickProfessor Contact Email : firstname.lastname@example.com Profile Paul Warwick, Professor and cross-appointed with the School of International Studies, specializes in Western European politics and the methodology of comparative political research. He has authored or co-authored The French Popular Front: A Legislative Analysis (1977); Political Cohesion in a Fragile Mosaic: The Yugoslav Experience (1983); The Vision and the Game: The Making of the Canadian Constitution (1987); Culture, Structure or Choice: Essays in the Interpretation of the British Experience (1989); Comparative Politics: Diverse Countries in an Interdependent World (1988); Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies (1994) and Policy Horizons and Parliamentary Government (2006). He has also published over 35 scholarly articles, which have appeared in such journals as the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, European Journal of Political Research, Journal of Theoretical Politics, Legislative Studies Quarterly, West European Politics and Party Politics. SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS "Bilateralism or the Median Mandate? An Examination of Rival Perspectives on Democratic Governance." European Journal of Political Research 49 (2010): 1-24. "Government Intentions and Citizen Preferences in Dynamic Perspective", British Journal of Political Science 41(2011): 599-619. "Voters, Parties, and Declared Government Policy", Comparative Political Studies 44 (2011): 1675-99. "Dissolvers, Disputers, and Defectors: The Terminators of Parliamentary Governments", European Political Science Review 4 (2012): 263-81. "Representation as a Median Mandate? A Response to Best, Budge and McDonald", European Journal of Political Research, 51 (2012): 57-63. "Measuring the Median: The Risks of Inferring Beliefs from Votes", British Journal of Political Science 43 (2013): 157-75. (With Maria Zakharova). "The Sources of Valence Judgments: the Role of Policy Distance and the Structure of the Left-Right Spectrum", Comparative Political Studies, forthcoming. (With Maria Zakharova). "Public Opinion and Government Policy in Britain: A Case of Congruence, Amplification, or Dampening?, European Journal of Political Research, forthcoming. |


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International Caravan TT-CB-001 Royal Tahiti Patio Storage Box
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Product Description
Available while supplies last.
Royal Tahiti Patio Storage Trunk
- Hinged lid for easy opening and closing
Materials: | Yellow Balau Hardwood | |
Weight: | 60 Pounds | |
Listing: | Made in USA, Quick Ship | |
Storage Box Type | Bin, Bench |
Dimensions & Weights
Width: | 19¾ inches |
Height: | 19¾ inches |
Weight Capacity: | 225lbs |
Length: | 3 feet 11¼ inches |
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