text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Dynamic Organic Light Inc | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Organic Light Inc Organic Light Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Dynamic Organic Light, Inc. Place Longmont, Colorado Zip 80503 Product Dynamic Organic Light is a VC/PE backed company that engages in R&D and licensing of materials for OLED displays and lights. Coordinates 40.16394°, -105.100504° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.16394,"lon":-105.100504,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Light Organizing/Organizing Light [Light in Place
E-Print Network (OSTI)
a street through alter� nating areas of dark and light, welandscapes, streets and squares. Light summons our spiritfor changing light, both outside rooms (such as streets and
Schwartz, Martin
SciTech Connect
Herein, time-dependent scanning Kelvin probe microscopy of solution processed organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) reveals a correlation between film microstructure and OTFT device performance with the location of trapped charge within the device channel. The accumulation of the observed trapped charge is concurrent with the decrease in I{sub SD} during operation (V{sub G}=-40 V, V{sub SD}= -10 V). We discuss the charge trapping and dissipation dynamics as they relate to the film structure and show that application of light quickly dissipates the observed trapped charge.
Teague, L.; Moth, M.; Anthony, J.
Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Ames Laboratory researchers have developed a soft lithography microlens fabrication and array that enables more efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), improving their commercial viability.
Progress in Organic Light emitting Diodes
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
90-3075 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Samuel Mao The development of organic light emitting diode (OLED) from its discovery in the Kodak Research Laboratories in the late 1970's...
Photochemistry of Organic Light?Emitting Diodes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The optical properties and excited?state geometries of some organic light?emitting diodes have been investigated by the SAC?CI method. The absorption and emission spectra have been predicted in high accuracy and the chain?length dependence of transition energies has been precisely reproduced. The present study provides the useful basis for the theoretical design predicting the photo?physical properties of the organic light?emitting diodes.
Masahiro Ehara; Hiroshi Nakatsuji
Laboratory Equipment - DynaPro NanoStar Dynamic Light ...
DynaPro NanoStar Dynamic Light Scattering. Description: Location: E136. The DynaPro NanoStar is a dynamic light scattering ...
White organic light-emitting diodes: Status and perspective
White organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ultrathin, large-area light sources made from organic semiconductor materials. Over the past decades, much research has been spent on finding suitable materials to realize ...
Reineke, Sebastian
Enhanced coupling of light from organic light emitting diodes using nanoporous films
Enhanced coupling of light from organic light emitting diodes using nanoporous films H. J. Peng, Y the light extraction efficiency for organic light emitting diode OLED . Nanoporous alumina film was used by Bragg scattering. The corrugated light- emitting diode had two-times the efficiency as compared
Kwok, Hoi S.
Improved Performance of a Fluorescent Blue Organic Light Emitting ...
Presentation Title, Improved Performance of a Fluorescent Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with Hole Blocking Materials as Dopants for Transport Layers.
Quantum Efficiency of Micron Scaled Organic Light Emitting Diodes ...
Jun 1, 2004 ... Quantum Efficiency of Micron Scaled Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Atomic Force Electroluminescence Microscopy by L.S.C. Pingree�...
Electron traps in organic light-emitting diodes
This work presents the effects of electron traps in organic light-emitting diodes using a model which includes charge injection
Min-Jan Tsai; Hsin-Fei Meng
The Dynamic Constitutive Response of Four Light Metals: Al 7039 ...
Presentation Title, The Dynamic Constitutive Response of Four Light Metals: Al 7039, ... Atomistically-Informed Dislocation Dynamics Simulations of High Rate�...
Effective Light Dynamics in Perturbed Photonic Crystals
In this work, we rigorously derive effective dynamics for light from within a limited frequency range propagating in a photonic crystal that is modulated on the macroscopic level; the perturbation parameter $\\lambda \\ll 1$ quantifies the separation of spatial scales. We do that by rewriting the dynamical Maxwell equations as a Schr\\"odinger-type equation and adapting space-adiabatic perturbation theory. Just like in the case of the Bloch electron, we obtain a simpler, effective Maxwell operator for states from within a relevant almost invariant subspace. A correct physical interpretation for the effective dynamics requires to establish two additional facts about the almost invariant subspace: (1) The source-free condition has to be verified and (2) it has to support real states. The second point also forces one to consider a multiband problem even in the simplest possible setting; This turns out to be a major difficulty for the extension of semiclassical methods to the domain of photonic crystals.
Giuseppe De Nittis; Max Lein
Efficiency enhancement of microcavity organic light emitting diodes
We report microcavity efficiency enhancement of organic electroluminescent devices based on the hole transporter bis(triphenyl) diamine and the electron transporter and light emitter tris(8?hydroxyquinoline) aluminum.Microcavityorganic light emitting diodes are described that emit four times the light measured in the forward direction (spectrally integrated)
R. H. Jordan; A. Dodabalapur; R. E. Slusher
QCD and Light-Front Dynamics
AdS/QCD, the correspondence between theories in a dilaton-modified five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space and confining field theories in physical space-time, provides a remarkable semiclassical model for hadron physics. Light-front holography allows hadronic amplitudes in the AdS fifth dimension to be mapped to frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in physical space-time. The result is a single-variable light-front Schroedinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate {zeta} which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time and determines the off-shell dynamics of the bound state wavefunctions as a function of the invariant mass of the constituents. The hadron eigenstates generally have components with different orbital angular momentum; e.g., the proton eigenstate in AdS/QCD with massless quarks has L = 0 and L = 1 light-front Fock components with equal probability. Higher Fock states with extra quark-anti quark pairs also arise. The soft-wall model also predicts the form of the nonperturbative effective coupling and its {beta}-function. The AdS/QCD model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD light-front Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann-Schwinger method to systematically include QCD interaction terms. Some novel features of QCD are discussed, including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates. A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.
Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Teramond, Guy F.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins /Costa Rica U.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. , NO. , 2012 1 Dynamic Driver Supply Voltage Scaling for Organic
Dynamic Driver Supply Voltage Scaling for Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays Donghwa Shin, Student, Fellow, IEEE Abstract--Organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is a self-illuminating device]. On the other hand, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) is self-illuminating using organic light emission
Pedram, Massoud
White organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ultra-thin, large-area light sources made from organic semiconductor materials. Over the last decades, much research has been spent on finding the suitable materials to realize highly efficient monochrome and white OLEDs. With their high efficiency, color-tunability, and color-quality, white OLEDs are emerging to become one of the next generation light sources. In this review, we discuss the physics of a variety of device concepts that are introduced to realize white OLEDs based on both polymer and small molecule organic materi als. Owing to the fact that about 80 % of the internally generated photons are trapped within the thin-film layer structure, we put a second focus on reviewing promising concepts for improved light outcoupling.
Reineke, Sebastian; L�ssem, Bj�rn; Leo, Karl
Organic light emitting diodes with structured electrodes
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A cathode that contain nanostructures that extend into the organic layer of an OLED has been described. The cathode can have an array of nanotubes or a layer of nanoclusters extending out from its surface. In another arrangement, the cathode is patterned and etched to form protruding nanostructures using a standard lithographic process. Various methods for fabricating these structures are provided, all of which are compatible with large-scale manufacturing. OLEDs made with these novel electrodes have greatly enhanced electron injection, have good environmental stability.
Mao, Samuel S.; Liu, Gao; Johnson, Stephen G.
Battery cell configuration for organic light emitting diode display in modern smartphones and tablet-PCs
Battery cell configuration for organic light emitting diode display in modern smartphones- spite of power efficiency of organic light emitting diode (OLED) display nature, the integrated display
Portable lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution
A double lamp table or floor lamp lighting system has a pair of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) arranged vertically with a reflective septum in between. By selectively turning on one or both of the CFLs, down lighting, up lighting, or both up and down lighting is produced. The control system can also vary the light intensity from each CFL. The reflective septum insures that almost all the light produced by each lamp will be directed into the desired light distribution pattern which is selected and easily changed by the user. Planar compact fluorescent lamps, e.g. circular CFLs, particularly oriented horizontally, are preferable. CFLs provide energy efficiency. The lighting system may be designed for the home, hospitality, office or other environments.
Siminovitch, Michael J. (Pinole, CA); Page, Erik R. (Berkeley, CA)
Dynamic Solid State Lighting Matthew Aldrich
to the fluorescent technology's lower color rendering ability and quality of light [26, 4, 58, 24]. LED implicit and explicit user goals. In this work, the focus in on the efficient control of a LED-based lighting network. This thesis presents a first-of-its-kind pentachromatic LED-based lighting network
Light trapping in a 30-nm organic photovoltaic cell for efficient carrier collection and light absorption
We describe surface patterning strategies that permit high photon-collection efficiency together with high carrier-collection efficiency in an ultra-thin planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell. Optimized designs reach up to 50% photon collection efficiency in a P3HT layer of only 30 nm, representing a 3- to 5-fold improvement over an unpatterned cell of the same thickness. We compare the enhancement of light confinement in the active layer with an ITO top layer for TE and TM polarized light, and demonstrate that the light absorption can increase by a factor of 2 due to a gap-plasmon mode in the active layer.
Tsai, Cheng-Chia; Banerjee, Ashish; Osgood, Richard M; Englund, Dirk
The light-front vacuum and dynamics
I give a quantum theoretical description of kinematically invariant vacuua on the algebra of free fields restricted to a light front and discuss the relation between the light-front Hamiltonian, P-, the vacuum, and Poincare invariance. This provides a quantum theoretical description of zero modes.
W. N. Polyzou
Dynamics and Spatial Distribution of Global Nighttime Lights
Using open source data, we observe the fascinating dynamics of nighttime light. Following a global economic regime shift, the planetary center of light can be seen moving eastwards at a pace of about 60 km per year. Introducing spatial light Gini coefficients, we find a universal pattern of human settlements across different countries and see a global centralization of light. Observing 160 different countries we document the expansion of developing countries, the growth of new agglomerations, the regression in countries suffering from demographic decline and the success of light pollution abatement programs in western countries.
Pestalozzi, Nicola; Sornette, Didier
Organic light-emitting diodes from homoleptic square planar complexes
Homoleptic square planar complexes [M(N.LAMBDA.N).sub.2], wherein two identical N.LAMBDA.N bidentate anionic ligands are coordinated to the M(II) metal center, including bidentate square planar complexes of triazolates, possess optical and electrical properties that make them useful for a wide variety of optical and electrical devices and applications. In particular, the complexes are useful for obtaining white or monochromatic organic light-emitting diodes ("OLEDs"). Improved white organic light emitting diode ("WOLED") designs have improved efficacy and/or color stability at high brightness in single- or two-emitter white or monochrome OLEDs that utilize homoleptic square planar complexes, including bis[3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato]platinum(II) ("Pt(ptp).sub.2").
Omary, Mohammad A
Dynamic Electron Control using Light and Nanostructure.
??The advent of nano-technology has made possible the manipulation of electron or light through nanostructures. For example, a nano-tip in near-field optical microscopy allows imaging� (more)
Huang, Cheng-Wei
Organic light emitting device having multiple separate emissive layers
An organic light emitting device having multiple separate emissive layers is provided. Each emissive layer may define an exciton formation region, allowing exciton formation to occur across the entire emissive region. By aligning the energy levels of each emissive layer with the adjacent emissive layers, exciton formation in each layer may be improved. Devices incorporating multiple emissive layers with multiple exciton formation regions may exhibit improved performance, including internal quantum efficiencies of up to 100%.
Forrest, Stephen R. (Ann Arbor, MI)
Self-organizing traffic lights at multiple-street intersections
Summary: Traffic light coordination is a complex problem. In this paper, we extend previous work on an abstract model of city traffic to allow for multiple street intersections. We test a self-organizing method in our model, showing that it is close to theoretical optima and superior to a traditional method of traffic light coordination. Abstract: The elementary cellular automaton following rule 184 can mimic particles flowing in one direction at a constant speed. This automaton can therefore model highway traffic. In a recent paper, we have incorporated intersections regulated by traffic lights to this model using exclusively elementary cellular automata. In such a paper, however, we only explored a rectangular grid. We now extend our model to more complex scenarios employing an hexagonal grid. This extension shows first that our model can readily incorporate multiple-way intersections and hence simulate complex scenarios. In addition, the current extension allows us to study and evaluate the behavior of two...
Gershenson, Carlos
Market transformation opportunities for emerging dynamic facade and dimmable lighting control systems
Dynamic Fa�ade and Dimmable Lighting Control Systems Eleanorand integrated fa�ade and lighting system that operatesof these cases, electric lighting should be controlled to
Lee, Eleanor S.; Selkowitz, Stephen E.; Hughes, Glenn D.; Thurm, David A.
A Novel Hole-Confining Concept for Efficient Green Organic Light Emitting Diodes.
??Organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology has initiated a lot of interest in the display and solid state lighting market during the last decade. The� (more)
Harikrishna Mohan, Siddharth
The effect of anisotropy on light extraction of organic light-emitting diodes with photonic crystal structure
The light extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) is greatly limited due to the difference in refractive indexes betweenmaterials ofOLED.We fabricatedOLED with photonic crystal microstructures in the interface between the glass ...
Wei Xu, Yang Li
Numerical Modelling of Light Emission and Propagation in (Organic) LEDs with the Green's Tensor
light emitting diodes, light emission, light extraction, dipole radiation, stratified media, layered surpasses incandescent sources by a factor of 2 and with further improvements light emitting diodes could on light extraction techniques from inorganic light emitting diodes we recommend chapter 5 in 1 . Organic
Floreano, Dario
Enhancement of Barrier Properties Using Ultrathin Hybrid Passivation Layer for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
acrylate layer and MS-31 (MgO : SiO2 ¼ 3 : 1 wt %) layer was adopted in organic light emitting diode (OLED the penetrations of oxygen and moisture. [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.45.5970] KEYWORDS: organic light emitting diode (OLED. Introduction As a next generation display, the organic light emitting diode (OLED) has to great performances
Hwang, Sung Woo
Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification
Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate in determining the power efficiency of organic light emitting diodes OLEDs is the coupling effi- ciency ( cp 1999; accepted for publication 1 February 2000 The emission intensity of an organic light-emitting
Local tuning of organic light-emitting diode color by dye droplet application
Local tuning of organic light-emitting diode color by dye droplet application T. R. Hebner and J. C and the spectra of organic light-emitting diodes made from these films can be successfully tuned by this method. S0003-6951 98 01339-4 A main goal of the field of organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs
Organic light-emitting devices using spin-dependent processes
The maximum luminous efficiency of organic light-emitting materials is increased through spin-dependent processing. The technique is applicable to all electro-luminescent processes in which light is produced by singlet exciton decay, and all devices which use such effects, including LEDs, super-radiant devices, amplified stimulated emission devices, lasers, other optical microcavity devices, electrically pumped optical amplifiers, and phosphorescence (Ph) based light emitting devices. In preferred embodiments, the emissive material is doped with an impurity, or otherwise modified, to increase the spin-lattice relaxation rate (i.e., decrease the spin-lattice time), and hence raise the efficiency of the device. The material may be a polymer, oligomer, small molecule, single crystal, molecular crystal, or fullerene. The impurity is preferably a magnetic or paramagnetic substance. The invention is applicable to IR, UV, and other electromagnetic radiation generation and is thus not limited to the visible region of the spectrum. The methods of the invention may also be combined with other techniques used to improve device performance.
Vardeny, Z. Valy (Salt Lake City, UT); Wohlgenannt, Markus (Salt Lake City, UT)
Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes: a promising molecular design
Intramolecular excimer emission as a blue light source in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes Light Emitting Diode (OLED), intermolecular pp interactions should be usually suppressed to avoid any Emitting Diodes (SMOLEDs) is almost absent from the literature. In this work, three aryl-substituted Di
Modeling self-organizing traffic lights with elementary cellular automata
There have been several highway traffic models proposed based on cellular automata. The simplest one is elementary cellular automaton rule 184. We extend this model to city traffic with cellular automata coupled at intersections using only rules 184, 252, and 136. The simplicity of the model offers a clear understanding of the main properties of city traffic and its phase transitions. We use the proposed model to compare two methods for coordinating traffic lights: a green-wave method that tries to optimize phases according to expected flows and a self-organizing method that adapts to the current traffic conditions. The self-organizing method delivers considerable improvements over the green-wave method. For low densities, the self-organizing method promotes the formation and coordination of platoons that flow freely in four directions, i.e. with a maximum velocity and no stops. For medium densities, the method allows a constant usage of the intersections, exploiting their maximum flux capacity. For high dens...
Far-field radiation of photonic crystal organic light-emitting diode
Far-field radiation of photonic crystal organic light-emitting diode Yong-Jae Lee, Se-Heon Kim, Guk-field profile of a photonic crystal organic light emitting diode is studied to understand the viewing angle.3670) Light- emitting diodes References and links 1. M. R. Krames, H. Amano, J. J. Brown, P. L. Heremans
Lee, Yong-Hee
Soft holographic interference lithography microlens for enhanced organic light emitting diode light extraction
Very uniform 2 {micro}m-pitch square microlens arrays ({micro}LAs), embossed on the blank glass side of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated 1.1 mm-thick glass, are used to enhance light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by {approx}100%, significantly higher than enhancements reported previously. The array design and size relative to the OLED pixel size appear to be responsible for this enhancement. The arrays are fabricated by very economical soft lithography imprinting of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold (itself obtained from a Ni master stamp that is generated from holographic interference lithography of a photoresist) on a UV-curable polyurethane drop placed on the glass. Green and blue OLEDs are then fabricated on the ITO to complete the device. When the {mu}LA is {approx}15 x 15 mm{sup 2}, i.e., much larger than the {approx}3 x 3 mm{sup 2} OLED pixel, the electroluminescence (EL) in the forward direction is enhanced by {approx}100%. Similarly, a 19 x 25 mm{sup 2} {mu}LA enhances the EL extracted from a 3 x 3 array of 2 x 2 mm{sup 2} OLED pixels by 96%. Simulations that include the effects of absorption in the organic and ITO layers are in accordance with the experimental results and indicate that a thinner 0.7 mm thick glass would yield a {approx}140% enhancement.
Park, Joong-Mok; Gan, Zhengqing; Leung, Wai Y.; Liu, Rui; Ye, Zhuo; Constant, Kristen; Shinar, Joseph; Shinar, Ruth; Ho, Kai-Ming
Effective Light Dynamics in Photonic Crystals: Isotropic Perturbations
In this work, we establish effective dynamics for light from a limited frequency range propagating in an isotropic photonic crystal that is modulated on the macroscopic level. We do that by reformulating the dynamical Maxwell equations as a Schr\\"odinger-type equation and adapting space-adiabatic perturbation theory. Just like in the case of the Bloch electron, we obtain a simpler, effective Maxwell operator which governs the dynamics for states from a relevant almost invariant subspace. A correct physical interpretation for the effective dynamics necessitates to establish two additional facts about the almost invariant subspace: (1) its elements need to verify the source-free condition and (2) it must contain real-valued elements.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aqueous Organic Contaminants by Semiconductors using Visible Light Radiation
· Continuously mixed Light Source · T5 8 watt florescent bulbs · "Daylight Spectrum" · Color Rendering Index 75Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aqueous Organic Contaminants by Semiconductors using Visible Light
Meyers, Steven D.
The Electric and Optical Properties of Doped Small Molecular Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) constitute a new and exciting emissive display technology. In general, the basic OLED structure consists of a stack of fluorescent organic layers sandwiched between a transparent conducting-anode and metallic cathode. When an appropriate bias is applied to the device, holes are injected from the anode and electrons from the cathode; some of the recombination events between the holes and electrons result in electroluminescence (EL). Until now, most of the efforts in developing OLEDs have focused on display applications, hence on devices within the visible range. However some organic devices have been developed for ultraviolet or infrared emission. Various aspects of the device physics of doped small molecular OLEDs were described and discussed. The doping layer thickness and concentration were varied systematically to study their effects on device performances, energy transfer, and turn-off dynamics. Low-energy-gap DCM2 guest molecules, in either {alpha}-NPD or DPVBi host layers, are optically efficient fluorophores but also generate deep carrier trap-sites. Since their traps reduce the carrier mobility, the current density decreases with increased doping concentration. At the same time, due to efficient energy transfer, the quantum efficiency of the devices is improved by light doping or thin doping thickness, in comparison with the undoped neat devices. However, heavy doping induces concentration quenching effects. Thus, the doping concentration and doping thickness may be optimized for best performance.
Kwang-Ohk Cheon
Low Voltage, Low Power Organic Light Emitting Transistors for AMOLED Displays
Low voltage, low power dissipation, high aperture ratio organic light emitting transistors are demonstrated. The high level of performance is enabled by a carbon nanotube source electrode that permits integration of the drive transistor and the organic light emitting diode into an efficient single stacked device. Given the demonstrated performance, this technology could break the technical logjam holding back widespread deployment of active matrix organic light emitting displays at flat panel screen sizes.
McCarthy, M. A. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Liu, B. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Donoghue, E. P. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Kravchenko, Ivan I [ORNL; Kim, D. Y. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Reynolds, J. R. [University of Florida, Gainesville; So, Franky [University of Florida, Gainesville; Rinzler, A. G. [University of Florida, Gainesville
Laboratory Equipment - DynaPro-LSR 99-E-15 Dynamic Light ...
DynaPro-LSR 99-E-15 Dynamic Light Scattering. Description: Location: N/A. Specifications / Capabilities: Uses: Measuring ...
Dynamics of topological light states in spiraling structures
We expose a mechanism for the dynamical generation and control of light states with diverse topologies in spiraling guiding structures. Specifically, we show that spiraling shallow refractive index landscapes induce coupling and periodic energy exchange between states with different topological charges. Such a resonant effect enables excitation of optical vortices by vortex-free inputs and allows the output topological charge of the beam to be controlled. The presence of nonlinearity results in a strong asymmetrization of the resonant curves and a shift of the resonant frequencies. Resonant vortex dynamic generation, including revivals, is shown to be possible not only in waveguides mediated by total internal reflection but also in Bragg-guiding hollow-core geometries.
Kartashov, Yaroslav V; Torner, Lluis
Dynamic fluctuations in ultrasmall nanocrystals induce white light emission
Nanocrystals typically emit monochromatically at their size-dependent energy gaps. Recently, it was found that by pushing the size of a nanocrystal to its lower limits, absorption occurs at increasingly larger energies, but the expected blue to ultraviolet emission does not occur. Instead, individual ultrasmall CdSe nanocrystals emit white light1-5. Here we show that following excitation, partial thermalization sets the ultrasmall nanocrystals into a fluxional6 state, with a continuously varying energy gap which results in white light emission. Even the larger, monochromatic nanocrystals have a fluxional surface but a stable crystal core. A degree of fluxionality persists even at room temperature and represents a radical change to the accepted view of nanocrystals, with wide-ranging ramifications for other applications. The results were obtained using a combination of state-of-the-art experiment and theory: dynamic imaging by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and finite-temperature quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that small is different, but ultrasmall is different yet again.
Pennycook, Timothy J [ORNL; Mcbride, J. R. [Vanderbilt University; Rosenthal, Sandra [Vanderbilt University; Pennycook, Stephen J [ORNL; Pantelides, Sokrates T. [Vanderbilt University
Probing nonequilibrium dynamics with white-light femtosecond pulses
Femtosecond pulsed lasers have become an invaluable tool for examining ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics. With pulsewidths of a few hundred femtoseconds (fs) to less than 10 fs, these lasers can clearly provide unprecedented temporal resolution. By amplifying ultrashort laser pulses to sufficient levels of energy per pulse, it is possible to exploit the nonlinear optical properties of certain materials to generate extremely broadband pulses. These pulses retain the time structure of the incident pulse, but contain a spectral bandwidth extending from the infrared to as far as the ultraviolet. By generating white-light pulses, it becomes possible to probe ultrafast nonlinear processes over a large range of energies. In this paper, the process of generating white-light ultrashort pulses will be presented, along with a discussion of different probing techniques and procedures necessary for modeling the transient optical data. Finally, results from pump�probe measurements using a white-light probe on indium phosphide (InP) films will be presented as a demonstration of this technique.
John Klopf; Pam Norris
Exploration into lighting dynamics for the design of more pleasurable luminaires
In this paper a study is described that shows how user perception studies can potentially provide designers with guidance into how to design pleasurable lighting effects using dynamic lighting. The advent of the LED within the lighting industry has been ... Keywords: 3D luminaire design, LEDs, UCD, lighting, perception
Jettie Hoonhout, Lillian Jumpertz, Jon Mason, Tom Bergman
Three-color organic light-emitting diodes patterned by masked dye Florian Pschenitzka and J. C. Sturma)
Three-color organic light-emitting diodes patterned by masked dye diffusion Florian Pschenitzka of Physics. S0003-6951 99 02913-7 Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs have demon- strated a remarkable
Electroluminescence property of organic light emitting diode (OLED)
Transport properties of electrons and holes were investigated not only in a anthracene-containing poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)- alt - poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPE-PPV) polymer (AnE-PVstat) light emitting diodes (OLED) but also in an ITO/Ag/polymer/Ag electron and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Au hole only devices. Mobility of injected carriers followed the Poole-Frenkel type conduction mechanism and distinguished in the frequency range due to the difference of transit times in admittance measurement. Beginning of light output took place at the turn-on voltage (or flat band voltage)
Components, production processes, and recommendations for future research in organic light emitting diodes
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are small, optoelectronic devices that can be used in the production of energy-efficient, high definition displays in cell phones, computers, and televisions. These devices have great ...
Hunting, Lindsay (Lindsay E.)
Aspects of charge recombination and charge transport in organic solar cells and light-emitting devices
In this thesis, aspects of charge reconbination and charge transport in organic solar cells and light-emitting devices are presented. These devices show promise relative to traditional inorganic semiconductors. We show ...
Difley, Seth
Storage of charge carriers on emitter molecules in organic light-emitting diodes
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using the red phosphorescent emitter iridium(III)bis(2-methyldibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline) (acetylacetonate) [Ir(MDQ)[subscript 2](acac)] are studied by time-resolved electroluminescence ...
Physical properties and design of light-emitting devices based on organic materials and nanoparticles
This thesis presents the detailed experimental and theoretical characterization of light-emitting devices (LEDs) based on organic semiconductors and colloidal quantum dots (QDs). This hybrid material system has several ...
Anikeeva, Polina Olegovna
Interface electronic structures of organic light-emitting diodes with WO3 interlayer: A study by photoelectron spectroscopy
Interface electronic structures of organic light-emitting diodes with WO3 interlayer: A study injec- tion and transport layers in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure has been studied B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) are display de
Kim, Sehun
4.2: Design of an Improved Pixel for a Polysilicon Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display
4.2: Design of an Improved Pixel for a Polysilicon Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel with high pixel to pixel luminance uniformity such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are presently of great interest due to their potential application
Vacuum-free lamination of low work function cathode for efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes
-coated organic light-emitting diode is transferred from a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold by lamination, or blade coating [1,2] for organic light emitting diode (OLED) as well as solar cell. The top electrodeVacuum-free lamination of low work function cathode for efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting
Meng, Hsin-Fei
The fabrication of small molecule organic light-emitting diode pixels by laser-induced forward transfer
The fabrication of small molecule organic light-emitting diode pixels by laser-induced forward online 23 January 2013) Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a versatile organic light-emitting diode, a modified LIFT process has been used to fabricate small molecule Alq3 organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs
Intermediate connector for stacked organic light emitting devices
A device is provided, having an anode, a cathode, and an intermediate connector disposed between the anode and the cathode. A first organic layer including an emissive sublayer is disposed between the anode and the intermediate connector, and a second including an emissive sublayer is disposed between the intermediate connector and the cathode. The intermediate connector includes a first metal having a work function lower than 4.0 eV and a second metal having a work function lower than 5.0 eV. The work function of the first metal is at least 0.5 eV less than the work function of the second metal. The first metal is in contact with a sublayer of the second organic layer that includes a material well adapted to receive holes from a low work function metal.
D& #x27; Andrade, Brian
ORGANIC SPECIES IN GEOTHERMAL WATERS IN LIGHT OF FLUID INCLUSION GAS ORGANIC SPECIES IN GEOTHERMAL WATERS IN LIGHT OF FLUID INCLUSION GAS ANALYSES Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: ORGANIC SPECIES IN GEOTHERMAL WATERS IN LIGHT OF FLUID INCLUSION GAS ANALYSES Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Measurement of organic compounds in Karaha- Telaga Bodas and Coso fluid inclusions shows there are strong relationships between H2 concentrations and alkane/alkene ratios and benzene concentrations. Inclusion analyses that indicate H2 concentrations > 0.001 mol % typically have ethane > ethylene, propane > propylene, and butane > butylene. There are three end member fluid compositions: type 1 fluids in which alkane compounds predominate, type 2 fluids that have ethane and propylene and no
High-density organic light emitting diodes by nanoimprint technology Krutarth Trivedi, Caleb Nelson, Li Tao, Mathew Goeckner, Walter Hua)
High-density organic light emitting diodes by nanoimprint technology Krutarth Trivedi, Caleb Nelson sources. Despite the considerable development of inorganic semiconductor based light emitting diodes of miniaturization to nanoscale. Organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology is immune to quantum confinement
Hu, Wenchuang "Walter"
Evolution and dynamics of cusped light-like Wilson loops
We discuss the possible relation between the singular structure of TMDs on the light-cone and the geometrical behaviour of rectangular Wilson loops.
Frederik F. Van der Veken
Light generation, size constraints, and dynamic cavities in silicon photonics.
??Silicon photonics is a rapidly-developing field at the confluence of silicon microelectronicsand fiber optics. In this talk we explore several interesting systems of light in� (more)
Shainline, Jeffrey M
Dynamical systems in nanophotonics: From energy efficient modulators to light forces and optomechanics
We demonstrate novel device concepts based on rigorous design of the dynamics of resonant nanophotonic systems, such as dispersionless resonant switches and energy-efficient mo-dulator architectures, slow-light cells, and ...
Kaertner, Franz X.
Static-light mesons on a dynamical anisotropic lattice
We present results for the spectrum of static-light mesons from Nf=2 lattice QCD. These results were obtained using all-to-all light quark propagators on an anisotropic lattice, yielding an improved signal resolution when compared to more conventional lattice techniques. In particular, we consider the inversion of orbitally-excited multiplets with respect to the `standard ordering', which has been predicted by some quark models.
Justin Foley; Alan O Cais; Mike Peardon; Sinead M Ryan
The dynamic simulation of organic farming development scenarios - A case study in Slovenia
In this paper a system dynamics model for organic farming development to support government decision making is presented. The system incorporates relevant variables which affect organic farming development. The user seeks answers to strategic questions ... Keywords: Model, Organic farming, Simulation, System dynamics
Rtomir Rozman, Karmen Paek, Miroljub Kljaji?, Martina Bavec, Jernej Turk, Franc Bavec, Davorin Kofja?, Andrej �Kraba
Manganese-doped indium oxide and its application in organic light-emitting diodes
Thin films of manganese-doped indium oxide (IMO) deposited by electron beam evaporation have been investigated as anodes in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The IMO films have a high work function of 5.35 eV, a desirable surface morphology with an average roughness of 1.1 nm, a high average optical transmittance of 87.2% in the visible region, and a maximum optical transmittance of 92% at 460 nm. It is demonstrated that an IMO anode can effectively improve hole injection at the anode/organic interface, resulting in OLEDs with an increased electroluminescent efficiency.
Liao Yaqin [Key Laboratory of Excited State Processes, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China); Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China); Lu Qipeng; Fan Yi; Liu Xingyuan [Key Laboratory of Excited State Processes, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China)
DC sputtered indium-tin oxide transparent cathode for organic light-emitting diodes
Abstract�The performance of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes depends not just on the choice of the transparent cathodes but also on their techniques of formation. Compared to the damage induced by radio frequency sputtering of indium-tin oxide cathode, that induced by dc sputtering was verified to be less severe and relatively independent of the sputtering power. Consequently, a high dc sputtering power of 120 W could be employed to achieve a high deposition rate of 0.1 nm/s. Adequate emission efficiency was maintained, even with a relatively thin 7-nm copper (II) phthalocyanine buffer layer. Index Terms�Indium-tin oxide, organic light-emitting diodes, sputtering, top-emission, transparent cathode. I.
Haiying Chen; Chengfeng Qiu; Man Wong; Hoi Sing Kwok
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Optically-Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) studies on organic materials
Organic semiconductors have evolved rapidly over the last decades and currently are considered as the next-generation technology for many applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in flat-panel displays (FPDs) and solid state lighting (SSL), and organic solar cells (OSCs) in clean renewable energy. This dissertation focuses mainly on OLEDs. Although the commercialization of the OLED technology in FPDs is growing and appears to be just around the corner for SSL, there are still several key issues that need to be addressed: (1) the cost of OLEDs is very high, largely due to the costly current manufacturing process; (2) the efficiency of OLEDs needs to be improved. This is vital to the success of OLEDs in the FPD and SSL industries; (3) the lifetime of OLEDs, especially blue OLEDs, is the biggest technical challenge. All these issues raise the demand for new organic materials, new device structures, and continued lower-cost fabrication methods. In an attempt to address these issues, we used solution-processing methods to fabricate highly efficient small molecule OLEDs (SMOLEDs); this approach is costeffective in comparison to the more common thermal vacuum evaporation. We also successfully made efficient indium tin oxide (ITO)-free SMOLEDs to further improve the efficiency of the OLEDs. We employed the spin-dependent optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique to study the luminescence quenching processes in OLEDs and organic materials in order to understand the intrinsic degradation mechanisms. We also fabricated polymer LEDs (PLEDs) based on a new electron-accepting blue-emitting polymer and studied the effect of molecular weight on the efficiency of PLEDs. All these studies helped us to better understand the underlying relationship between the organic semiconductor materials and the OLEDs� performance, and will subsequently assist in further enhancing the efficiency of OLEDs. With strongly improved device performance (in addition to other OLEDs' attributes such as mechanical flexibility and potential low cost), the OLED technology is promising to successfully compete with current technologies, such as LCDs and inorganic LEDs.
Cai, Min
Improved property in organic light-emitting diode utilizing two Al/Alq3 layers
We reported on the fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) utilizing the two Al/Alq"3 layers and two electrodes. This novel green device with structure of Al(110nm)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq"3)(65nm)/Al(110nm)/Alq"3(50nm)/N,N'-dipheny1-N, ... Keywords: Emitting layer, OLEDS, Transporting layer
Chunlin Zhang; Su Liu; Fangcong Wang; Yong Zhang
Since lighting accounts for about one-third of the energy used in commercial buildings, there is opportunity to conserve. There are two ways to reduce lighting energy use: modify lighting systems so that they used less electricity and/or reduce the number of hours the lights are used. This booklet presents a number of ways to do both. Topics covered include: reassessing lighting levels, reducing lighting levels, increasing bulb & fixture efficiency, using controls to regulate lighting, and taking advantage of daylight.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDS) and Their Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR)
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDs), both small molecular and polymeric have been studied extensively since the first efficient small molecule OLED was reported by Tang and VanSlyke in 1987. Burroughes' report on conjugated polymer-based OLEDs led to another track in OLED development. These developments have resulted in full color, highly efficient (up to {approx} 20% external efficiency 60 lm/W power efficiency for green emitters), and highly bright (> 140,000 Cd/m{sup 2} DC, {approx}2,000,000 Cd/m{sup 2} AC), stable (>40,000 hr at 5 mA/cm{sup 2}) devices. OLEDs are Lambertian emitters, which intrinsically eliminates the view angle problem of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Thus OLEDs are beginning to compete with the current dominant LCDs in information display. Numerous companies are now active in this field, including large companies such as Pioneer, Toyota, Estman Kodak, Philipps, DuPont, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, and Osram, and small companies like Cambridge Display Technology (CDT), Universal Display Corporation (UDC), and eMagin. The first small molecular display for vehicular stereos was introduced in 1998, and polymer OLED displays have begun to appear in commercial products. Although displays are the major application for OLEDs at present, they are also candidates for nest generation solid-state lighting. In this case the light source needs to be white in most cases. Organic transistors, organic solar cells, etc. are also being developed vigorously.
Gang Li
High dynamic range�a gateway for predictive ancient lighting
In the last few years, the number of projects involving historical reconstruction has increased significantly. Recent technologies have proven a powerful tool for a better understanding of our cultural heritage through which to attain a glimpse of the ... Keywords: Conimbriga, High dynamic range, eye adaptation, visualization
Alexandrino Gon�alves; Lu�s Magalh�es; Jo�o Moura; Alan Chalmers
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
There are many different types of artificial lights, all of which have different applications and uses.�Types of lighting include:
Low Power, Red, Green and Blue Carbon Nanotube Enabled Vertical Organic Light Emitting Transistors for Active Matrix OLED Displays
Organic semiconductors are potential alternatives to polycrystalline silicon as the semiconductor used in the backplane of active matrix organic light emitting diode displays. Demonstrated here is a light-emitting transistor with an organic channel, operating with low power dissipation at low voltage, and high aperture ratio, in three colors: red, green and blue. The single-wall carbon nanotube network source electrode is responsible for the high level of performance demonstrated. A major benefit enabled by this architecture is the integration of the drive transistor, storage capacitor and light emitter into a single device. Performance comparable to commercialized polycrystalline-silicon TFT driven OLEDs is demonstrated.
McCarthy, M. A. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Liu, B. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Donoghue, E. P. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Kravchenko, Ivan I [ORNL; Kim, D. Y. [University of Florida, Gainesville; So, Franky [University of Florida, Gainesville; Rinzler, A. G. [University of Florida, Gainesville
Hierarchical cross-linking in physical alginate gels: a rheological and dynamic light scattering investigation
We investigate the dynamics of alginate gels, an important class of biopolymer-based viscoelastic materials, by combining mechanical tests and non-conventional, time-resolved light scattering methods. Two relaxation modes are observed upon applying a compressive or shear stress. Dynamic light scattering and diffusive wave spectroscopy measurements reveal that these modes are associated with discontinuous rearrangement events that restructure the gel network via anomalous, non-diffusive microscopic dynamics. We show that these dynamics are due to both thermal activation and internal stress stored during gelation and propose a scenario where a hierarchy of cross-links with different life times is responsible for the observed complex behavior. Measurements at various temperatures and sample ages are presented to support this scenario.
Domenico Larobina; Luca Cipelletti
Light-harvesting in bacteria exploits a critical interplay between transport and trapping dynamics
Light-harvesting bacteria Rhodospirillum Photometricum were recently found to adopt strikingly different architectures depending on illumination conditions. We present analytic and numerical calculations which explain this observation by quantifying a dynamical interplay between excitation transfer kinetics and reaction center cycling. High light-intensity membranes (HLIM) exploit dissipation as a photo-protective mechanism, thereby safeguarding a steady supply of chemical energy, while low light-intensity membranes (LLIM) efficiently process unused illumination intensity by channelling it to open reaction centers. More generally, our analysis elucidates and quantifies the trade-offs in natural network design for solar energy conversion.
Felipe Caycedo-Soler; Ferney J. Rodriguez; Luis Quiroga; Neil F. Johnson
NDN, volume transmission, and self-organization in brain dynamics
NDN, VOLUME TRANSMISSION, AND SELF- ORGANIZATION IN BRAINThese systems instantiate volume transmission bynonsynaptic diffusion transmission, in concert with the
Freeman, Walter J III
Highly efficient blue organic light emitting devices with indium-free transparent anode on flexible substrates
Indium-free transparent conducting oxides may provide a lower cost solution for the transparent anode in flexible displays and energy efficient solid state lighting. We report herein a near room temperature sputtering process for generating an indium-free transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating on a flexible substrate. Specifically, we deposited gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) uniformly over a 12� diameter area at room temperature on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). During deposition, the system heats to about 60oC due to the energetic sputtering conditions, without any noticeable damage to the PET substrate. The GZO films exhibit excellent physical, optical and electrical properties: roughness ~7 nm, transmittance >85% and resistivity ~ 10-3 ohm� cm. Phosphorescent blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated on these substrates with comparable performance (16% external quantum efficiency and 33 lm/W power efficiency at 1mA/cm2) to that of devices fabricated on GZO (or ITO) deposited on glass substrates, suggesting flexible GZO/PET substrates may be used instead of high-cost and rigid ITO and glass for flexible displays and solid state lighting.
Wang, Liang; Swensen, James S.; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Matson, Dean W.; Bonham, Charles C.; Bennett, Wendy D.; Gaspar, Daniel J.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.
Modifying the organic/electrode interface in Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) and improving the efficiency of solution-processed phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Organic semiconductors devices, such as, organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have drawn increasing interest in recent decades. As organic materials are flexible, light weight, and potentially low-cost, organic semiconductor devices are considered to be an alternative to their inorganic counterparts. This dissertation will focus mainly on OSCs and OLEDs. As a clean and renewable energy source, the development of OSCs is very promising. Cells with 9.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) were reported this year, compared to < 8% two years ago. OSCs belong to the so-called third generation solar cells and are still under development. While OLEDs are a more mature and better studied field, with commercial products already launched in the market, there are still several key issues: (1) the cost of OSCs/OLEDs is still high, largely due to the costly manufacturing processes; (2) the efficiency of OSCs/OLEDs needs to be improved; (3) the lifetime of OSCs/OLEDs is not sufficient compared to their inorganic counterparts; (4) the physics models of the behavior of the devices are not satisfactory. All these limitations invoke the demand for new organic materials, improved device architectures, low-cost fabrication methods, and better understanding of device physics. For OSCs, we attempted to improve the PCE by modifying the interlayer between active layer/metal. We found that ethylene glycol (EG) treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) improves hole collection at the metal/polymer interface, furthermore it also affects the growth of the poly(3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends, making the phase segregation more favorable for charge collection. We then studied organic/inorganic tandem cells. We also investigated the effect of a thin LiF layer on the hole-collection of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C70-based small molecular OSCs. A thin LiF layer serves typically as the electron injection layer in OLEDs and electron collection interlayer in the OSCs. However, several reports showed that it can also assist in holeinjection in OLEDs. Here we first demonstrate that it assists hole-collection in OSCs, which is more obvious after air-plasma treatment, and explore this intriguing dual role. For OLEDs, we focus on solution processing methods to fabricate highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs. First, we investigated OLEDs with a polymer host matrix, and enhanced charge injection by adding hole- and electron-transport materials into the system. We also applied a hole-blocking and electron-transport material to prevent luminescence quenching by the cathode. Finally, we substituted the polymer host by a small molecule, to achieve more efficient solution processed small molecular OLEDs (SMOLEDs); this approach is cost-effective in comparison to the more common vacuum thermal evaporation. All these studies help us to better understand the underlying relationship between the organic semiconductor materials and the OSCs and OLEDs� performance and will subsequently assist in further enhancing the efficiencies of OSCs and OLEDs. With better efficiency and longer lifetime, the OSCs and OLEDs will be competitive with their inorganic counterparts.
Xiao, Teng
Performance enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes by chlorine plasma treatment of indium tin oxide
The characteristics of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated on ITO/glass substrates pretreated with low-energy O{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} plasma were compared. At 20 mA/cm{sup 2}, the OLEDs with O{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} plasma-treated indium tin oxide (ITO) had voltages of 9.6 and 7.6 eV, and brightness of 9580 and 12380 cd/m{sup 2}, respectively. At {approx}10{sup 4} cd/m{sup 2}, the latter had a 30% higher external quantum efficiency and a 74% higher power efficiency. Photoelectron spectroscopies revealed that Cl{sub 2} plasma treatment created stable In-Cl bonds and raised the work function of ITO by up to 0.9 eV. These results suggest that the better energy level alignment at the chlorinated ITO/organic interface enhances hole injection, leading to more efficient and more reliable operation of the OLEDs. The developed plasma chlorination process is very effective for surface modification of ITO and compatible with the fabrication of various organic electronics.
Cao, X. A.; Zhang, Y. Q. [Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States)
Charge Dynamics Breakthrough May Improve Organic-Based PV Device...
scientists working on molecular systems comprising the active element of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices develop a new understanding of the processes responsible for charge...
Dynamic implementation in organizing an ice hockey tournament.
??The aim of this thesis is to follow, describe and evaluate the phases of organizing internationally recognized ice hockey tournament. The authors were following the� (more)
Ij�s, Juhani
Using atmospheric fallout to date organic horizon layers and quantify metal dynamics during decomposition
Using atmospheric fallout to date organic horizon layers and quantify metal dynamics during- tribution of geochemical tracers from weapons fallout, air pollution, and a direct 207 Pb application at one
Heimsath, Arjun M.
The lighting section of ASHRAE standard 90.1 is discussed. It applies to all new buildings except low-rise residential, while excluding specialty lighting applications such as signage, art exhibits, theatrical productions, medical and dental tasks, and others. In addition, lighting for indoor plant growth is excluded if designed to operate only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Lighting allowances for the interior of a building are determined by the use of the system performance path unless the space functions are not fully known, such as during the initial stages of design or for speculative buildings. In such cases, the prescriptive path is available. Lighting allowances for the exterior of all buildings are determined by a table of unit power allowances. A new addition the exterior lighting procedure is the inclusion of facade lighting. However, it is no longer possible to trade-off power allotted for the exterior with the interior of a building or vice versa. A significant change is the new emphasis on lighting controls.
McKay, H.N. (Hayden McKay Lighting Design, New York, NY (US))
A self-organizing random immigrants genetic algorithm for dynamic optimization problems
In this paper a genetic algorithm is proposed where the worst individual and individuals with indices close to its index are replaced in every generation by randomly generated individuals for dynamic optimization problems. In the proposed genetic algorithm, ... Keywords: Dynamic optimization problems, Genetic algorithms, Random immigrants, Self-organized criticality
Renato Tin�s; Shengxiang Yang
Linear driving force models for dynamic adsorption of volatile organic compound traces by porous adsorbent beds
Models for the dynamic adsorption of volatile organic compound (VOC) traces in air are considered. They are based on the linear driving force approximation associated with various adsorption isotherms characteristic of the couple VOC-adsorbent (Langmuir, ... Keywords: Comsol, Dubinin-Astakhov isotherm, Dynamic adsorption modelling, Finite element
Agn�s Joly; Alain Perrard
Organization Print Organization Print 2012-12 org chart A complete ALS organization chart (June 2013) is available in PDF. Appointed and elected members of advisory panels provide guidance to Berkeley Lab and ALS management in developing the ALS scientific and user programs. ALS Staff Photo staff photo thumb Click on the image to see a recent photo of ALS staff in front of the dome. The photo was taken on May 14, 2013. ALS Management and Advisory Team Steve Kevan, Deputy Division Director, Science Michael J. Banda, Deputy Division Director, Operations Robert W. Schoenlein, Senior Staff Scientist, Next Generation Light Source Initiative Janos Kirz, Scientific Advisor Paul Adams, Division Deputy for Biosciences ALS Scientific, Technical, and User Support Groups Accelerator Physics
Dynamic modeling and multivariable control of organic Rankine cycles in waste heat utilizing processes
In this paper, the dynamics of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) in waste heat utilizing processes is investigated, and the physical model of a 100 kW waste heat utilizing process is established. In order to achieve both transient performance and steady-state ... Keywords: Linear quadratic regulator, Organic Rankine cycles, Process control
Jianhua Zhang; Wenfang Zhang; Guolian Hou; Fang Fang
Ultrahigh sensitivity of rotation sensing beyond the trade-off between sensitivity and linewidth by the storage of light in a dynamic slow-light resonator
We propose to employ the storage of light in a dynamically tuned add-drop resonator to realize an optical gyroscope of ultrahigh sensitivity and compact size. Taking the impact of the linewidth of incident light on the sensitivity into account, we investigate the effect of rotation on the propagation of a partially coherent light field in this dynamically tuned slow-light structure. It is demonstrated that the fundamental trade-off between the rotation-detection sensitivity and the linewidth will be overcome and the sensitivity-linewidth product will be enhanced by two orders of magnitude in comparison to that of the corresponding static slow-light structure. Furthermore, the optical gyroscope employing the storage of light in the dynamically tuned add-drop resonator can acquire ultrahigh sensitivity by extremely short fiber length without a high-performance laser source of narrow linewidth and a complex laser frequency stabilization system. Thus the proposal in this paper provides a promising and feasible scheme to realize highly sensitive and compact integrated optical gyroscopes by slow-light structures.
Zhang Xuenan; Zhang Yundong; Tian He; Wu Hao; Li Geng; Zhu Ruidong; Yuan Ping [National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080 (China)
Light-front Holography - A New Approach to Relativistic Hadron Dynamics and Nonperturbative QCD
The holographic mapping of gravity in AdS space to QCD, quantized at fixed light-front time, provides a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in the fifth dimension of AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. In particular, the elastic and transition form factors of the pion and the nucleons are well described in this framework. The light-front AdS/QCD holographic approach thus gives a frame-independent first approximation of the color-confining dynamics, spectroscopy, and excitation spectra of relativistic light-quark bound states in QCD. More generally, we show that the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of the eigensolutions of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion, analogous to the nonrelativistic radial Schroedinger equation, with an effective confining potential which systematically incorporates the effects of higher quark and gluon Fock states. The proposed method to compute the effective interaction thus resembles the two-particle-irreducible functional techniques used in quantum field theory.
de Teramond, Guy F.; Brodsky, Stanley J.
Dynamic muscle fatigue detection using self-organizing maps
Wavelets are used for the processing of signals that are non-stationary and time varying. The electromyogram (EMG) contains transient signals related to muscle activity. Wavelet coefficients are proposed as features for identifying muscle fatigue. By ... Keywords: Biomedical signal processing, Comfort, EMG, Muscle fatigue, Neural networks, Self-organizing maps, Transient signal, Visualization, Wavelets
Dimitrios Moshou; Ivo Hostens; George Papaioannou; Herman Ramon
Fabrication and Characterization of New Hybrid Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED): Europium-picrate-triethylene oxide Complex
Thin-film light emitting devices based on organic materials have attracted vast interest in applications such as light emitting diode (LED) and flat-panel display. The organic material can be attached with inorganic material to enhance the performance of the light emitting device. A hybrid OLED based on a new complex of europium picrate (Eu-pic) with triethylene oxide (EO3) ligand is fabricated. The OLED is fabricated by using spin coating technique with acetone as the solvent and aluminum as the top electrode. The optical, photoluminescence (PL) and electrical properties of the sample are carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy (Jasco V-750), luminescence spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer LS-500) and source measure unit (SMU)(Keithly), respectively.
Sarjidan, M. A. Mohd; Abu Zakaria, N. Z. A.; Abd. Majid, W. H. [Solid State Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Kusrini, Eny; Saleh, M. I. [School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang (Malaysia)
The MACODO organization model for context-driven dynamic agent organizations
Today's distributed applications such as sensor networks, mobile multimedia applications, and intelligent transportation systems pose huge engineering challenges. Such systems often comprise different components that interact with each other as peers, ... Keywords: Context, intelligent transportation systems, middleware, multiagent system, organization, role
Danny Weyns; Robrecht Haesevoets; Alexander Helleboogh
Molecular dynamics simulations of ion range profiles for heavy ions in light targets
The determination of stopping powers for slow heavy ions in targets containing light elements is important to accurately describe ion�solid interactions, evaluate ion irradiation effects and predict ion ranges for device fabrication and nuclear applications. Recently, discrepancies of up to 40% between the experimental results and SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) predictions of ion ranges for heavy ions with medium and low energies (25 keV/nucleon) in light elemental targets have been reported. The longer experimental ion ranges indicate that the stopping powers used in the SRIM code are overestimated. Here, a molecular dynamics simulation scheme is developed to calculate the ion ranges of heavy ions in light elemental targets. Electronic stopping powers generated from both a reciprocity approach and the SRIM code are used to investigate the influence of electronic stopping on ion range profiles. The ion range profiles for Au and Pb ions in SiC and Er ions in Si, with energies between 20 and 5250 keV, are simulated. The simulation results show that the depth profiles of implanted ions are deeper and in better agreement with the experiments when using the electronic stopping power values derived from the reciprocity approach. These results indicate that the origin of the discrepancy in ion ranges between experimental results and SRIM predictions in the low energy region may be an overestimation of the electronic stopping powers used in SRIM.
Lan, C.; Xue, J. M.; Zhang, Y.; Morris, J. R.; Zhu, Zh.; Gao, Yanfei; Wang, Y. G.; Yan, S.; Weber, William
The determination of stopping powers for slow heavy ions in targets containing light elements is important to accurately describe ion-solid interactions, evaluate ion irradiation effects and predict ion ranges for device fabrication and nuclear applications. Recently, discrepancies of up to 40% between the experimental results and SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) predictions of ion ranges for heavy ions with medium and low energies (< {approx} 25 keV/nucleon) in light elemental targets have been reported. The longer experimental ion ranges indicate that the stopping powers used in the SRIM code are overestimated. Here, a molecular dynamics simulation scheme is developed to calculate the ion ranges of heavy ions in light elemental targets. Electronic stopping powers generated from both a reciprocity approach and the SRIM code are used to investigate the influence of electronic stopping on ion range profiles. The ion range profiles for Au and Pb ions in SiC and Er ions in Si, with energies between 20 and 5250 keV, are simulated. The simulation results show that the depth profiles of implanted ions are deeper and in better agreement with the experiments when using the electronic stopping power values derived from the reciprocity approach. These results indicate that the origin of the discrepancy in ion ranges between experimental results and SRIM predictions in the low energy region may be an overestimation of the electronic stopping powers used in SRIM.
Lan, Chune [Peking University; Xue, Jianming [Peking University; Zhang, Yanwen [ORNL; Morris, James R [ORNL; Zhu, Zihua [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Gao, Yuan [Peking University; Wang, Yugang [Peking University; Yan, Sha [Peking University; Weber, William J [ORNL
The determination of stopping powers for slow heavy ions in targets containing light elements is important to accurately describe ion-solid interactions, evaluate ion irradiation effects and predict ion ranges for device fabrication and nuclear applications. Recently, discrepancies of up to 40% between the experimental results and SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) predictions of ion ranges for heavy ions with medium and low energies (<25 keV/nucleon) in light elemental targets have been reported. The longer experimental ion ranges indicate that the stopping powers used in the SRIM code are overestimated. Here, a molecular dynamics simulation scheme is developed to calculate the ion ranges of heavy ions in light elemental targets. Electronic stopping powers generated from both a reciprocity approach and the SRIM code are used to investigate the influence of electronic stopping on ion range profiles. The ion range profiles for Au and Pb ions in SiC and Er ions in Si, with energies between 20 and 5250 keV, are simulated. The simulation results show that the depth profiles of implanted ions are deeper and in better agreement with the experiments when using the electronic stopping power values derived from the reciprocity approach. These results indicate that the origin of the discrepancy in ion ranges between experimental results and SRIM predictions in the low energy region may be an overestimation of the electronic stopping powers used in SRIM.
Lan, Chune; Xue, Jianming; Zhang, Yanwen; Morris, James R.; Zhu, Zihua; Gao, Yuan; Wang, Yugang; Yan, Sha; Weber, William J.
Enterprise design for dynamic complexity : architecting & engineering organizations using system & structural dynamics
As the business world is neither linear nor static, the mastery of its "chaotic" nonlinear dynamics lies at the heart of finding high-leverage policies that return uncommon benefits for marginal costs. Today's global ...
Piepenbrock, Theodore F. (Theodore Frederick), 1965-
Effective hole-injection layer for non-doped inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting devices
Non-doped inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diode with high efficiency is demonstrated through employing an effective hole-injection layer composed of MoO"x. One reason for high efficiency lies on the energy-level matching between MoO"x and ... Keywords: 78.60.Fi, 82.45.Mp, 85.60.Jb, Hole-injection, ITEOLEDs, MoOx
Yanlong Meng; Wenfa Xie; Ning Zhang; Shufen Chen; Jiang Li; Wei Hu; Yi Zhao; Jingying Hou; Shiyong Liu
Coherent exciton dynamics in supramolecular light-harvesting nanotubes revealed by ultrafast quantum process tomography
Long-lived exciton coherences have been recently observed in photosynthetic complexes via ultrafast spectroscopy, opening exciting possibilities for the study and design of coherent exciton transport. Yet, ambiguity in the spectroscopic signals has led to arguments for interpreting them in terms of the exciton dynamics, demanding more stringent tests. We propose a novel strategy, Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) for ultrafast spectroscopy, to reconstruct the evolving quantum state of excitons in double-walled supramolecular light-harvesting nanotubes at room temperature. The protocol calls for eight transient grating experiments with varied pulse spectra. Our analysis reveals unidirectional energy transfer from the outer to the inner wall excitons, absence of nonsecular processes, and an unexpected coherence between those two states lasting about 150 femtoseconds, indicating weak electronic coupling between the walls. Our work constitutes the first experimental QPT in a 'warm' and complex system, and provides an elegant scheme to maximize information from ultrafast spectroscopy experiments.
Joel Yuen-Zhou; Dylan H. Arias; Dorthe M. Eisele; Colby P. Steiner; Jacob J. Krich; Moungi Bawendi; Keith A. Nelson; Al�n Aspuru-Guzik
The 19th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources
ICFA2000t.GIF (31362 bytes) ICFA2000t.GIF (31362 bytes) The 19th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources Physics of and Science with The X-ray Free-Electron Laser (Arcidosso, Italy, September 10-15, 2000) Workshop Summary The19th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on "The Physics of, and the Science with, X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers" took place in Arcidosso (Italy) from the 10th to the 15th of September, 2000. The Workshop was sponsored by the International Committee for Future Accelerators, the US Department of Energy, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, together with local authorities of the Tuscany, Grosseto and Arcidosso areas. The Workshop's chairmen were M. Cornacchia (SLAC), I. Lindau (SLAC/Lund. Un.) and C. Pellegrini (UCLA). Seventy-five scientists, of which 50 are involved in the physics and technology of accelerators, free-electron lasers and x-ray optics, and 25 in the scientific applications, attended the workshop. There were plenary and parallel sessions and many lively discussions, during and after the regular workshop schedule.
SciDAC advances in beam dynamics simulation: from light sources to colliders
simulations of next generation light sources and of high-RF linac for a next generation FEL light source at LBNL. Ain light sources The next generation of accelerator based
Qiang, Ji
Qiang, J.
Speciation of Organic Aerosols in the Tropical Mid-Pacific and Their Relationship to Light Scattering
Although the importance of the aerosol contribution to the global radiative budget has been recognized, the forcings of aerosols in general, and specifically the role of the organic component in these forcings, still contain large uncertainties. ...
Kathleen K. Crahan; Dean A. Hegg; David S. Covert; Haflidi Jonsson; Jeffrey S. Reid; Djamal Khelif; Barbara J. Brooks
Measurement and control of exciton spin in organic light emitting devices
Organic semiconductors are a promising new material set for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Their properties can be precisely controlled through chemistry, and they are well-suited for large-area, flexible, and ...
Segal, Michael, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MoO3 as combined hole injection layer and tapered spacer in combinatorial multicolor microcavity organic light emitting diodes
Multicolor microcavity ({mu}C) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) arrays were fabricated simply by controlling the hole injection and spacer MoO{sub 3} layer thickness. The normal emission was tunable from {approx}490 to 640 nm and can be further expanded. A compact, integrated spectrometer with two-dimensional combinatorial arrays of {mu}C OLEDs was realized. The MoO{sub 3} yields more efficient and stable devices, revealing a new breakdown mechanism. The pixel current density reaches {approx}4 A/cm{sup 2} and a maximal normal brightness {approx}140 000 Cd/m{sup 2}, which improves photoluminescence-based sensing and absorption measurements.
Liu, R.; Xu, Chun; Biswas, Rana; Shinar, Joseph; Shinar, Ruth
Driving conditions dependence of magneto-electroluminescence in tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum based organic light emitting diodes
we investigated the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) in tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through the steady-state and transient method simultaneously. The MELs show the great different behaviors when we turn the driving condition from a constant voltage to a pulse voltage. For devices driven by the constant voltage, the MELs are similar with the literature data; for devices driven by the pulse voltage, the MELs are quite different, they firstly increase to a maximum then decrease as the magnetic field increases continuously. Negative MELs can be seen when both the magnetic field and driving voltage are high enough.
Peng, Qiming; Li, Xianjie; Li, Mingliang; Li, Feng
Optical Simulation of Top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes H. J. Peng, C.F. Qiu, Z. L. Xie, H. Y. Chen, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok
8.3.3-89 Optical Simulation of Top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes H. J. Peng, C.F. Qiu, Z the optical effects for the top-emitting organic light emitting diodes. The optical performance of the devices with experiments Keywords: Top-emitting organic light emitting diode, optical modeling, microcavity INTRODUCTION
A Polysilicon Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display with Integrated Drivers R.M.A. Dawson, Z. Shen, D.A. Furst, S. Connor, J. Hsu, M.G. Kane, R.G. Stewart, A. Ipri
A Polysilicon Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display with Integrated Drivers R.S.A. Abstract The design of an active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display using a polysilicon. Introduction Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are presently of great interest due to their potential
Journal of Light Emitting Diodes Vol 2 N0 1, April 2010 1 Abstract--In metal organic vapor phase epitaxy we developed
Journal of Light Emitting Diodes Vol 2 N0 1, April 2010 1 Abstract-- In metal organic vapor phase epitaxy we developed GaInN/GaN quantum well material suitable for 500 580 nm light emitting diodes at longer wavelengths. Index Terms-- a-plane GaN, GaInN, Green light emitting diode, m-plane GaN I
Wetzel, Christian M.
Automated shading and daylighting control systems have been commercially available for decades. The new challenge is to provide a fully functional and integrated fagade and lighting system that operates appropriately for all environmental conditions and meets a range of occupant subjective desires and objective performance requirements. These rigorous performance goals must be achieved with solutions that are cost effective and can operate over long periods with minimal maintenance. It will take time and effort to change the marketplace for these technologies and practices, particularly in building a series of documented success stories, and driving costs and risks to much lower levels at which their use becomes the norm. In recent years, the architectural trend toward highly-transparent all-glass buildings presents a unique challenge and opportunity to advance the market for emerging, smart, dynamic window and dimmable daylighting control technologies. We believe it is possible to accelerate product market transformation by developing projects where technical advances and the interests of motivated manufacturers and innovative owners converge. In this paper we present a case study example that explains a building owner's decision-making process to use dynamic window and dimmable daylighting controls. The case study project undertaken by a major building owner in partnership with a buildings R&D group was designed explicitly to use field test data in conjunction with the market influence of a major landmark building project in New York City to stimulate change in manufacturers' product offerings. Preliminary observations on the performance of these systems are made. A cost model that was developed with the building owner is explained.
Light-induced switching in the back-gated organic transistors with built-in conduction channel
We report on observation of a light-induced switching of the conductance in the back-gated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with built-in conduction channel. In the studied devices, the built-in channel is formed owing to the self-sensitized photo-oxidation of rubrene surface. In the dark, the back gate controls the charge injection from metal contacts into the built-in channel: the high-current ON state corresponds to zero or negative back-gate voltage; the low-current OFF state - to a positive back-gate voltage that blocks the Schottky contacts. Illumination of the OFET in the OFF state with a short pulse of light switches the device into the ON state that persists in the dark for days. The OFF state can be restored by cycling the back gate voltage. The observed effect can be explained by screening of the back-gate electric field by the charges photo-generated in the bulk of organic semiconductor.
V. Podzorov; V. M. Pudalov; M. E. Gershenson
The Dynamics of Employees' Identities in the Organization: Evidence from a Korean Company by Eun-Suk Lee.
This dissertation is about identity and identification in organizations. I analyze the dynamic processes by which individual employees' identities are constructed in a large global Korean company (K-Co) that actively pursues ...
Lee, Eun-Suk
Open Chemical Systems Theory and Its Implications to Darwinian Evolutionary Dynamics, Complex Self-Organization and Beyond
The study of biological cells as a nonequilibrium, nonlinear, stochastic open chemical systems provides a paradigm for other complex, self-organizing systems with short-time deterministic and long-time evolutionary dynamics.
Qian, Hong
We perform a detailed study on the dynamics of a relativistic blast wave with the presence of a long-lived reverse shock (RS). Although a short-lived RS has been widely considered, the RS is believed to be long-lived as a consequence of a stratification expected on the ejecta Lorentz factors. The existence of a long-lived RS causes the forward shock (FS) dynamics to deviate from a self-similar Blandford-McKee solution. Employing the ''mechanical model'' that correctly incorporates the energy conservation, we present an accurate solution for both the FS and RS dynamics. We conduct a sophisticated calculation of the afterglow emission. Adopting a Lagrangian description of the blast wave, we keep track of an adiabatic evolution of numerous shells between the FS and RS. An evolution of the electron spectrum is also followed individually for every shell. We then find the FS and RS light curves by integrating over the entire FS and RS shocked regions, respectively. Exploring a total of 20 different ejecta stratifications, we explain in detail how a stratified ejecta affects its blast wave dynamics and afterglow light curves. We show that, while the FS light curves are not sensitive to the ejecta stratifications, the RS light curves exhibit much richer features, including steep declines, plateaus, bumps, re-brightenings, and a variety of temporal decay indices. These distinctive RS features may be observable if the RS has higher values of the microphysics parameters than the FS. We discuss possible applications of our results in understanding the gamma-ray burst afterglow data.
Uhm, Z. Lucas; Zhang Bing [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154 (United States); Hascoeet, Romain; Daigne, Frederic; Mochkovitch, Robert [Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095 Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-CNRS, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris (France); Park, Il H., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 (Korea, Republic of)
Effect of Biodiesel Blending on the Speciation of Soluble Organic Fraction from a Light Duty Diesel Engine
Soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel was volumetrically blended with 2007 certification ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel and run in a 1.7L direct-injection common rail diesel engine at one speed-load point (1500rpm, 2.6bar BMEP). Engine fueling rate and injection timing were adjusted to maintain a constant load, while particulate samples were collected in a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and with a dilution tunnel sampling train. The samples collected at these two locations were found to contain different levels of soluble organic fraction (SOF) and the different hydrocarbon species in the SOF. This observation indicates that traditional SOF measurements, in light of the specific sampling procedure used, may not be appropriate to DPF applications.
Strzelec, Andrea [ORNL; Storey, John Morse [ORNL; Lewis Sr, Samuel Arthur [ORNL; Daw, C Stuart [ORNL; Foster, Prof. Dave [University of Wisconsin; Rutland, Prof. Christopher J. [University of Wisconsin
ZnO light-emitting diode grown by plasma-assisted metal organic chemical vapor deposition
We report a breakthrough in fabricating ZnO homojunction light-emitting diode by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Using NO plasma, we are able to grow p-type ZnO thin films on n-type bulk ZnO substrates. The as-grown films on glass substrates show hole concentration of 10{sup 16}-10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} and mobility of 1-10 cm{sup 2} V{sup -1} s{sup -1}. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveal nitrogen-related emissions. A typical ZnO homojunction shows rectifying behavior with a turn-on voltage of about 2.3 V. Electroluminescence at room temperature has been demonstrated with band-to-band emission at I=40 mA and defect-related emissions in the blue-yellow spectrum range.
Xu, W.Z.; Ye, Z.Z.; Zeng, Y.J.; Zhu, L.P.; Zhao, B.H.; Jiang, L.; Lu, J.G.; He, H.P.; Zhang, S.B. [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 (United States)
Systematic examination of dynamically driven organic reactions via kinetic isotope effects
Organic reactions are systematically examined experimentally and theoretically to determine the role dynamics plays in the outcome of the reaction. It is shown that trajectory studies are of vital importance in understanding reactions influenced by dynamical motion. This dissertation discusses how a combination of kinetic isotope effects, theoretical calculations, and quasiclassical dynamics trajectories aid in the understanding of the solvolysis of p-tolyldiazonium cation in water, the cycloadditions of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene and dichloroketene, and the cycloaddition of 2- methyl-2-butene with dichloroketene. In the solvolysis of p-tolyldiazonium cation, significant 13C kinetic isotope effects are qualitatively consistent with a transition state leading to formation of an aryl cation, but on a quantitative basis, the isotope effects are not adequately accounted for by simple SN1 heterolysis to the aryl cation. The best predictions of the 13C isotope effects for the heterolytic process arise from transition structures solvated by clusters of water molecules. Dynamic trajectories starting from these transition structures afford products very slowly. The nucleophilic displacement process for aryldiazonium ions in water is determined to be at the boundary of the SN2Ar and SN1 mechanisms. The reaction of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene affords both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloadducts directly. This is surprising. There is only one low-energy transition structure for adduct formation. Investigation of this reaction indicates that quasiclassical trajectories started from a single transition structure afford both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] products. Overall, an understanding of the products, rates, selectivities, isotope effects, and mechanism in these reactions requires the explicit consideration of dynamic trajectories.
Ussing, Bryson Richard
Table lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution and uniformly illuminated luminous shade
A double lamp table or floor lamp lighting system has a pair of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) or other lamps arranged vertically, i.e. one lamp above the other, with a reflective septum in between. By selectively turning on one or both of the CFLs, down lighting, up lighting, or both up and down lighting is produced. The control system can also vary the light intensity from each CFL. The reflective septum ensures that almost all the light produced by each lamp will be directed into the desired light distribution pattern which is selected and easily changed by the user. In a particular configuration, the reflective septum is bowl shaped, with the upper CFL sitting in the bowl, and a luminous shade hanging down from the bowl. The lower CFL provides both task lighting and uniform shade luminance. Planar compact fluorescent lamps, e.g. circular CFLs, particularly oriented horizontally, are preferable. CFLs provide energy efficiency. However, other types of lamps, including incandescent, halogen, and LEDs can also be used in the fixture. The lighting system may be designed for the home, hospitality, office or other environments.
Predicting Agricultural Management Influence on Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: Implications for Biofuel Production
Long-term field experiments (LTE) are ideal for predicting the influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and examining biofuel crop residue removal policy questions. Our objectives were (i) to simulate SOC dynamics in LTE soils under various climates, crop rotations, fertilizer or organic amendments, and crop residue managements using the CQESTR model and (ii) to predict the potential of no-tillage (NT) management to maintain SOC stocks while removing crop residue. Classical LTEs at Champaign, IL (1876), Columbia, MO (1888), Lethbridge, AB (1911), Breton, AB (1930), and Pendleton, OR (1931) were selected for their documented history of management practice and periodic soil organic matter (SOM) measurements. Management practices ranged from monoculture to 2- or 3-yr crop rotations, manure, no fertilizer or fertilizer additions, and crop residue returned, burned, or harvested. Measured and CQESTR predicted SOC stocks under diverse agronomic practices, mean annual temperature (2.1 19 C), precipitation (402 973 mm), and SOC (5.89 33.58 g SOC kg 1) at the LTE sites were significantly related (r 2 = 0.94, n = 186, P < 0.0001) with a slope not significantly different than 1. The simulation results indicated that the quantities of crop residue that can be sustainably harvested without jeopardizing SOC stocks were influenced by initial SOC stocks, crop rotation intensity, tillage practices, crop yield, and climate. Manure or a cover crop/intensified crop rotation under NT are options to mitigate loss of crop residue C, as using fertilizer alone is insufficient to overcome residue removal impact on SOC stocks
Gollany, H. T. [USDA ARS; Rickman, R. W. [USDA ARS; Albrecht, S. L. [USDA ARS; Liang, Y. [University of Arkansas; Kang, Shujiang [ORNL; Machado, S. [Oregon State University, Corvallis
Effect of light intensity variations on the rate of photosynthesis of algae: A dynamical approach
In biology, it is common practice to describe the photosynthetic activity of algae (P) with respect to light (I) by means of static models in the form of single-valued functions P = f(I). This implies that the photosynthetic response to any light variation ...
A. Cloot
??This research investigates whether a High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) technique can accurately capture luminance values of a single LED chip. Previous studies show that� (more)
Tyukhova, Yulia I.
Transcriptome and Proteome Dynamics of a Light-Dark Synchronized Bacterial Cell Cycle
Growth of the ocean's most abundant primary producer, the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, is tightly synchronized to the natural 24-hour light-dark cycle. We sought to quantify the relationship between transcriptome and ...
Chisholm, Sallie (Penny)
Developing a dynamic envelope/lighting control system with field measurements
The feasibility of an intelligent venetian blind/lighting control system was tested in a 1:3 scale model outdoors under variable sun and sky conditions. The control algorithm, block direct sun and meet the design workplane illuminance level, was implemented using commercially available and custom designed blind and lighting systems hardware. While blocking direct sunlight, the blinds were properly controlled to maintain the design workplane illuminance within a tolerance of -10%, +25% when there was sufficient daylight. When daylight levels alone were inadequate, the electric lighting control system maintained the design workplane illuminance. The electric lighting could be turned off if a user-specified time period at minimum power was exceeded. Lighting energy savings of 51-71% (southwest) and 37-75% (south) was attained for the period from 8:00 to 17:00 on clear sunny days, compared to a fixed, partially closed blind with the same lighting system. Practical details for implementation and commissioning are discussed. The impact of control variations, such as profile angle, time step interval, and control area, on energy demand is investigated.
DiBartolomeo, D.L.; Lee, E.S.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Selkowitz, S.E.
Flow dynamics and potential for Biodegradation of Organic Contaminants in Fractured Rock Vadose Zones
We present an experimental approach for investigating the potential for bioremediation of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in fractured-rock vadose zones. This approach is based on the coupling of fluid flow dynamics and biotransformation processes. Fluid flow and distribution within fracture networks may be a significant factor in the ability of microorganisms to degrade VOCs, as they affect the availability of substrate, moisture and nutrients. Biological activity can change liquid surface tension and generate biofilms that may change the nettability of solid surfaces, locally alter fracture permeability and redirect infiltrating liquids. Our approach has four components: (1) establishing a conceptual model for fluid and contaminant distribution in the geologic matrix of interest; (2) physical and numerical experiments of liquid seepage in the fracture plane; (3) non-destructive monitoring of biotransformations on rock surfaces at the micron-scale; and, (4) integration of flow and biological activity in natural rock ''geocosms''. Geocosms are core-scale flow cells that incorporate some aspects of natural conditions, such as liquid seepage in the fracture plane and moisture content. The experimental work was performed with rock samples and indigenous microorganisms from the site of the US Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), located in a basalt flow basin where VOC contamination threatens the Snake River Aquifer. The insights gained from this approach should contribute to the design of techniques to monitor and stimulate naturally occurring biological activity and control the spread of organic contaminants.
Geller, J.T.; Holman, H.-Y.; Su, T.-S.; Liou, M.S.; Conrad, M.S.; Pruess, K.; Hunter-Devera, J.C.
Highly-selective wettability on organic light-emitting-diodes patterns by sequential low-power plasmas
Patterned organic light-emitting-diode substrates were treated by oxygen (O{sub 2}) and tetrafluoromethane (CF{sub 4}) radio-frequency (rf, 13.56 MHz) plasmas of low-power (close to 1 W) that were capacitively-coupled. An unexpected wettability contrast (water contact angle difference up to 90 deg. ) between the indium-tin-oxide anode and the bank resist regions was achieved, providing excellent conditioning prior to the ink-jet printing. This selectivity was found to be adjustable by varying the relative exposure time to the O{sub 2} and CF{sub 4} sequential plasmas. Static contact angle measurements and extensive x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the wetting properties depend on the carbon and fluorine chemical functional groups formed at the outermost surface layers, whereas atomic force microscopy images did not show a morphological change. Plasma optical emission spectroscopy and ion mass spectroscopy suggested that surface functionalization was initiated by energy transfer from ionic species (O{sup +}, O{sub 2}{sup +}, CF{sup +}, CF{sub 2}{sup +}, and CF{sub 3}{sup +}) and excited neutrals (O{sup *} and F{sup *}). The absolute ion fluxes measured on the substrates were up to 10{sup 14} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} and the ion energies up to 20 eV, despite the low powers applied during the process.
Svarnas, P.; Edwards, A. J.; Bradley, J. W. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Technological Plasmas Group, University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GJ (United Kingdom); Yang, L.; Munz, M.; Shard, A. G. [Analytical Science Division, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW (United Kingdom)
Indium-tin-oxide-free tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al organic light-emitting diodes with 80% enhanced power efficiency
Efficient indium tin oxide (ITO)-free small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs) with multilayered highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the anode are demonstrated. PEDOT:PSS/MoO{sub 3}/N,N'-diphenyl- N,N'-bis(1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al (Alq{sub 3})/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)/LiF/Al SMOLEDs exhibited a peak power efficiency of 3.82 lm/W, 81% higher than that of similar ITO-based SMOLEDs (2.11 lm/W). The improved performance is believed to be due to the higher work function, lower refractive index, and decreased surface roughness of PEDOT:PSS vs ITO, and to Ohmic hole injection from PEDOT:PSS to the NPD layer via the MoO{sub 3} interlayer. The results demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS can substitute ITO in SMOLEDs with strongly improved device performance.
Cai, Min; Xiao, Teng; Liu, Rui; Chen, Ying; Shinar, Ruth; Shinar, Joseph
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts
incorporating LEDs into tomorrows task lights, to reducing light entrapment within the LED, to fundamental research into how Organic Lighting Emitting Diodes operate. LED and...
A web-based approach to image-based lighting using high dynamic range images and QuickTime object virtual reality
This thesis presents a web-based approach to lighting three-dimensional geometry in a virtual scene. The use of High Dynamic Range (HDR) images for the lighting model makes it possible to convey a greater sense of photorealism than can be provided with a conventional computer generated three-point lighting setup. The use of QuickTime � Object Virtual Reality to display the three-dimensional geometry offers a sophisticated user experience and a convenient method for viewing virtual objects over the web. With this work, I generate original High Dynamic Range images for the purpose of image-based lighting and use the QuickTime � Object Virtual Reality framework to creatively alter the paradigm of object VR for use in object lighting. The result is two scenarios: one that allows for the virtual manipulation of an object within a lit scene, and another with the virtual manipulation of light around a static object. Future work might include the animation of High Dynamic Range image-based lighting, with emphasis on such features as depth of field and glare generation.
Cuellar, Tamara Melissa
National Ignition Facility computational fluid dynamics modeling and light fixture case studies
This report serves as a guide to the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a design tool for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) program Title I and Title II design phases at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In particular, this report provides general guidelines on the technical approach to performing and interpreting any and all CFD calculations. In addition, a complete CFD analysis is presented to illustrate these guidelines on a NIF-related thermal problem.
Martin, R.; Bernardin, J.; Parietti, L.; Dennison, B.
Light beam dynamics in materials with radially-inhomogeneous thermal conductivity
We study the properties of bright and vortex solitons in thermal media with nonuniform thermal conductivity and homogeneous refractive index, whereby the local modulation of the thermal conductivity strongly affects the entire refractive index distribution. While regions where the thermal conductivity is increased effectively expel light, self-trapping may occur in the regions with reduced thermal conductivity, even if such regions are located close to the material boundary. As a result, strongly asymmetric self-trapped beams may form inside a ring with reduced thermal conductivity and perform persistent rotary motion. Also, such rings are shown to support stable vortex solitons, which may feature strongly non-canonical shapes.
Observation and Nature of Non-statistical Dynamics in Ordinary Organic Reactions
Statistical models like Transition State Theory (TST) and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) Theory have generally been successful in predicting the rates and selectivities of chemical reactions. However, these statistical models can fail to explain experimental results of ordinary organic reactions. For these reactions, consideration of nonstatistical dynamic effects or the detailed motion and momenta of the atoms is necessary to account for the experimental observations. Dynamic effects have been found to be important in a growing number of reactions and the nature of these effects can be varied. One of the most interesting reactions investigated is the ozonolysis of vinyl ethers. Ozonolysis of a homologous series of vinyl ethers in solution exhibit experimental product ratios wherein the selectivity among cleavage pathways increases with the size of the alkyl group to an extent that is far less than RRKM theory would predict. Trajectory studies account for the observed selectivities and support a mechanism involving a competition between cleavage of the primary ozonide and intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. A recent theoretical study from our group predicted that a highly asynchronous organocatalytic Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, which is concerted in the potential energy surface, is stepwise in the free energy surface. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were measured for three DA reactions. We envision that the entropic barrier may have several experimental consequences such as unusual isotope effects due to extensive recrossing. Preliminary results for the organocatalytic reaction show an intramolecular KIE close to unity that cannot be reconciled with statistical theories. This is in contrast with Lewis-acid catalyzed and thermal DA reactions, which exhibit substantial "normal" intramolecular KIEs that are in accord with TST predictions. Finally, the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cylohexanone in water was investigated. KIEs were measured for the oxidation of cyclohexanone with peracetic acid and trifluoroperacetic acid. When using peracetic acid as the oxidant, the alkyl migration was determined to be the rate-determining step based on significant intermolecular KIEs on the carbonyl and alpha-methylene carbons. A change in the rate-determining step is seen when trifluoroperacetic acid is used. Only the carbonyl carbon exhibits a significant isotope effect. Theoretical predictions provide an experimental picture of the transition states and qualitatively support these conclusions.
Quijano, Larisa Mae 1984-
Charge Dynamics Breakthrough May Improve Organic-Based PV Device Efficiencies (Fact Sheet)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) scientists working on molecular systems comprising the active element of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices develop a new understanding of the processes responsible for charge generation in organic bulk heterojunctions.
Not Available
The temporal dynamics of terrestrial organic matter transfer to the oceans : initial assessment and application
This thesis employs compound-specific stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopic analysis of organic biomarkers to (a) resolve petrogenic from pre-aged vascular plant organic carbon (OC) in continental margin sediments, (b) ...
Drenzek, Nicholas J
Dynamics of organic matter production and degradation during coastal diatom blooms.
??Experiments were designed to answer key questions about diatom-derived organic matter cycling (i.e., production and degradation) in coastal systems. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) production was� (more)
[No author
Dynamic light scattering study on phase separation of a protein-water mixture: Application on cold cataract development in the ocular lens
We present a detailed dynamic light scattering study on the phase separation in the ocular lens emerging during cold cataract development. Cold cataract is a phase separation effect that proceeds via spinodal decomposition of the lens cytoplasm with cooling. Intensity auto-correlation functions of the lens protein content are analyzed with the aid of two methods providing information on the populations and dynamics of the scattering elements associated with cold cataract. It is found that the temperature dependence of many measurable parameters changes appreciably at the characteristic temperature ~16+1 oC which is associated with the onset of cold cataract. Extending the temperature range of this work to previously inaccessible regimes, i.e. well below the phase separation or coexistence curve at Tcc, we have been able to accurately determine the temperature dependence of the collective and self-diffusion coefficient of proteins near the spinodal. The analysis showed that the dynamics of proteins bears some resemblance to the dynamics of structural glasses where the apparent activation energy for particle diffusion increases below Tcc indicating a highly cooperative motion. Application of ideas developed for studying the critical dynamics of binary protein/solvent mixtures, as well as the use of a modified Arrhenius equation, enabled us to estimate the spinodal temperature Tsp of the lens nucleus. The applicability of dynamic light scattering as a non-invasive, early-diagnostic tool for ocular diseases is also demonstrated in the light of the findings of the present paper.
V. Petta; N. Pharmakakis; G. N. Papatheodorou; S. N. Yannopoulos
The synthesis of inorganic semiconductor nanocrystalline materials for the purpose of creating hybrid organic/inorganic light-emitting devices
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) can be synthesized to efficiently emit light from the ultraviolet, across the entire visible spectrum, and into the near infrared. This is now possible due ...
Steckel, Jonathan S. (Jonathan Stephen)
DRIVER FOR A 4TH GENERATION LIGHT SOURCE ? M. Venturini � ,of designing a 4th generation light source in the 0.27 ? 1.2
Ventturini, M.
Comparison of five organic wastes regarding their behaviour during composting: Part 2, nitrogen dynamic
This paper aimed to compare household waste, separated pig solids, food waste, pig slaughterhouse sludge and green algae regarding processes ruling nitrogen dynamic during composting. For each waste, three composting simulations were performed in parallel in three similar reactors (300 L), each one under a constant aeration rate. The aeration flows applied were comprised between 100 and 1100 L/h. The initial waste and the compost were characterized through the measurements of their contents in dry matter, total carbon, Kjeldahl and total ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate. Kjeldahl and total ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite and nitrate were measured in leachates and in condensates too. Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions were monitored in continue. The cumulated emissions in ammonia and in nitrous oxide were given for each waste and at each aeration rate. The paper focused on process of ammonification and on transformations and transfer of total ammoniacal nitrogen. The parameters of nitrous oxide emissions were not investigated. The removal rate of total Kjeldahl nitrogen was shown being closely tied to the ammonification rate. Ammonification was modelled thanks to the calculation of the ratio of biodegradable carbon to organic nitrogen content of the biodegradable fraction. The wastes were shown to differ significantly regarding their ammonification ability. Nitrogen balances were calculated by subtracting nitrogen losses from nitrogen removed from material. Defaults in nitrogen balances were assumed to correspond to conversion of nitrate even nitrite into molecular nitrogen and then to the previous conversion by nitrification of total ammoniacal nitrogen. The pool of total ammoniacal nitrogen, i.e. total ammoniacal nitrogen initially contained in waste plus total ammoniacal nitrogen released by ammonification, was calculated for each experiment. Then, this pool was used as the referring amount in the calculation of the rates of accumulation, stripping and nitrification of total ammoniacal nitrogen. Separated pig solids were characterised by a high ability to accumulate total ammoniacal nitrogen. Whatever the waste, the striping rate depended mostly on the aeration rate and on the pool concentration in biofilm. The nitrification rate was observed as all the higher as the concentration in total ammoniacal nitrogen in the initial waste was low. Thus, household waste and green algae exhibited the highest nitrification rates. This result could mean that in case of low concentrations in total ammoniacal nitrogen, a nitrifying biomass was already developed and that this biomass consumed it. In contrast, in case of high concentrations, this could traduce some difficulties for nitrifying microorganisms to develop.
Guardia, A. de, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Cemagref, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucille, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes (France); Universite Europeenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes (France); Mallard, P.; Teglia, C.; Marin, A.; Le Pape, C.; Launay, M.; Benoist, J.C.; Petiot, C. [Cemagref, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucille, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes (France); Universite Europeenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes (France)
Ultrafast dynamics of excitons and charges in organic materials and semiconductor nanocrystals
and electronic properties that are of interest for applications in e.g. solar cells, photodiodes, light- emitting diodes, field-effect transistors and nanoscale molecular electronics. We studied the mechanism of charge
Schuster, Assaf
Resistance from top to bottom : the dynamics of risk management in complex organizations
Organizations today devote substantial resources towards the development of governance systems to increase transparency and accountability in areas such as quality, safety, financial accounting, and environmental performance. ...
Lyneis, John Landry
Molecular C dynamics downstream: The biochemical decomposition sequence and its impact on soil organic
Molecular C dynamics downstream: The biochemical decomposition sequence and its impact on soil chemistry. As a result, the molecular characteristics of soil C are now known for a range of ecosystems research. Here we present a conceptual model of molecular soil C dynamics to stimulate inter- disciplinary
Neff, Jason
Please cite this article in press as: J. Shaw-Stewart, et al., The optimisation of the laser-induced forward transfer process for fabrication of polyfluorene-based organic light-emitting diode pixels, Appl. Surf. Sci. (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.a
-induced forward transfer process for fabrication of polyfluorene-based organic light-emitting diode pixels, Appl-induced forward transfer process for fabrication of polyfluorene-based organic light-emitting diode pixels James been used to fabricate various types of organic light- emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the process itself
Effects of metallic absorption and the corrugated layer on the optical extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes
The absorption of a metallic cathode in OLEDs is analyzed by using FDTD calculation. As the light propagates parallel to the layer, the intensity of Ez polarization decreases rapidly. The intensity at 2.0 um from the dipole is less than a quarter of that at 0.5 um. The strong absorption by a cathode can be a critical factor when considering the increase of optical extraction by means of bending the optical layers. The calculation indicates that the corrugation of layers helps the guided light escape the guiding layer, but also increases the absorption into a metallic cathode. The final optical output power of the corrugated OLED can be smaller than that of the flat OLED. On the contrary, the corrugated structure with a non-absorptive cathode increases the optical extraction by nearly two times.
Lee, Baek-Woon
Distributed storage management using dynamic pricing in a self-organized energy community
We consider a future self-organized energy community that is composed of "prosumer" households that can autonomously generate, store, import and export power, and also selfishly strive to minimize their cost by adjusting their load profiles using the ...
Ebisa Negeri; Nico Baken
Layered 3D: tomographic image synthesis for attenuation-based light field and high dynamic range displays
We develop tomographic techniques for image synthesis on displays composed of compact volumes of light-attenuating material. Such volumetric attenuators recreate a 4D light field or high-contrast 2D image when illuminated ...
Wetzstein, Gordon
Investigating potential efficiency improvement for light-duty transportation applications through simulation of an organic Rankine cycle for waste-heat recovery
Modern diesel engines used in light-duty transportation applications have peak brake thermal efficiencies in the range of 40-42% for high-load operation with substantially lower efficiencies at realistic road-load conditions. Thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis reveals that the largest losses from these engines are due to heat loss and combustion irreversibility. Substantial improvement in overall engine efficiency requires reducing or recovering these losses. Unfortunately, much of the heat transfer either occurs at relatively low temperatures resulting in large entropy generation (such as in the air-charge cooler), is transferred to low-exergy flow streams (such as the oil and engine coolant), or is radiated or convected directly to the environment. While there are significant opportunities for recovery from the exhaust and EGR cooler for heavy-duty applications, the potential benefits of such a strategy for light-duty applications are unknown due to transient operation, low-load operation at typical driving conditions, and the added mass of the system. We have developed an organic Rankine cycle model using GT-Suite to investigate the potential for efficiency improvement through waste-heat recovery from the exhaust and EGR cooler of a light-duty diesel engine. Results from steady-state and drive-cycle simulations are presented, and we discuss strategies to address operational difficulties associated with transient drive cycles and competition between waste-heat recovery systems, turbochargers, aftertreatment devices, and other systems for the limited thermal resources.
Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL; Wagner, Robert M [ORNL
Dynamic solid state lighting
Energy conservation concerns will mandate near-future environments to regulate themselves to accommodate occupants' objectives and best tend to their comfort while minimizing energy consumption. Accordingly, smart energy ...
Aldrich, Matthew (Matthew Henry)
Multivariable self-organizing fuzzy logic control using dynamic performance index and linguistic compensators
As far as fuzzy logic based multivariable control systems are concerned, it is not always an easy task to express control strategies in the form of related multi-situations to multi-actions control rules. Decoupled control is one possible and attractive ... Keywords: Compensator, Decoupled control, Fuzzy logic control, Multivariable system, Self-organizing
Qing Lu; Mahdi Mahfouf
Lighting Group: Links
Links Links Links Organizations Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) International Commission on Illumination (CIE) International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) International Association of Energy-Efficient Lighting Lightfair International Energy Agency - Task 21: Daylight in Buildings: Design Tools and Performance Analysis International Energy Agency - Task 31: Daylighting Buildings in 21st Century National Association on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) National Association of Independent Lighting Distributors (NAILD) International Association of Lighting Management Companies (NALMCO) Research Centers California Lighting Technology Center Lighting Research Center Lighting Research at Canada Institute for Research in Construction
Top-emission Si-based phosphor organic light emitting diode with Au doped ultrathin n-Si film anode and bottom Al mirror
We report a highly efficient top-emission Si-based phosphor organic light emitting diode (PhOLED) with an ultrathin polycrystalline n-Si:Au film anode and a bottom Al mirror. This anode is formed by magnetron sputtering followed by Ni induced crystallization and then Au diffusion. By optimizing the thickness of the n-Si:Au film anode, the Au diffusion temperature, and the other parameters of the PhOLED, the highest current and power efficiencies of the n-Si:Au film anode PhOLED reached 85{+-}9 cd/A and 80{+-}8 lm/W, respectively, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 21{+-}2% and a power conversion efficiency of 15{+-}2%, respectively, which are about 60% and 110% higher than those of the indium tin oxide anode counterpart and 70% and 50% higher than those of the bulk n{sup +}-Si:Au anode counterpart, respectively.
Li, Y. Z.; Xu, W. J.; Ran, G. Z. [State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Qin, G. G. [State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials, CAS, Beijing 100083 (China)
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Speaker(s): Mehlika Inanici Date: July 7, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Satkartar K. Kinney Virtual Lighting Laboratory is a Radiance-based lighting analysis tool and methodology that proposes transformations in the utilization of computer visualization in lighting analysis and design decision-making. It is a computer environment, where the user has been provided with matrices of illuminance and luminance values extracted from high dynamic range images. The principal idea is to provide the laboratory to the designer and researcher to explore various lighting analysis techniques instead of imposing limited number of predetermined metrics. In addition, it introduces an analysis approach for temporal and spatial lighting
Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating
The availability of economically-produced and environmentally-stable transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coatings is critical for the development of a variety of electronic devices requiring transparent electrodes. Such devices include liquid crystal display pixels and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),[1, 2] solar cell applications,[3, 4] and electrically heated windows.[5, 6] The materials fulfilling these requirements are usually wide band gap inorganic transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). Tin-doped indium oxide, or ITO, has traditionally been used for electronic TCO applications because of its low resistivity, high work function and transparency. Due to the increasing cost and limited supply of indium and its tendency to migrate in to the device, there has been increasing research interest to substitute ITO with an indium-free material. A number of alternative metal oxides and doped oxides have been evaluated as TCO materials with varying degrees of success.[7, 8] Among these alternatives to ITO, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) [2, 9] and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [10, 11] have drawn particular attention. These materials have been demonstrated to have resistivities and transparencies approaching those of the best ITO, low toxicity, and much lower materials cost. Although AZO is attractive as a TCO electrode material, GZO features a greater resistance to oxidation as a result of gallium�s greater electronegativity compared to Submitted to 2 aluminum.[12, 13
Wang, Liang (Frank); Matson, Dean W.; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Swensen, James S.; Bonham, Charles C.; Cosimbescu, Lelia; Berry, J. J.; Ginley, D. S.; Gaspar, Daniel J.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.
Characterization of Light Scattering in Transparent Polycrystalline Laser Ceramics
and R. Pecora, Dynamic Light Scattering, Wiley, New York (Fleury, The Spectrum of Light Scattered by Fluids, AcademicAbsorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles,
Sharma, Saurabh
Spin-out in cutting-edge light source technology
and Biochemsitry Organic light emitting diode (OLED) synthesis Information and Safety Research Facilities Education: Vojislav Sradnov Faculty Supervisor: Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
Mottram, Nigel
Light-Light Scattering
For a long time, it is believed that the light by light scattering is described properly by the Lagrangian density obtained by Heisenberg and Euler. Here, we present a new calculation which is based on the modern field theory technique. It is found that the light-light scattering is completely different from the old expression. The reason is basically due to the unphysical condition (gauge condition) which was employed by the QED calcualtion of Karplus and Neumann. The correct cross section of light-light scattering at low energy of $(\\frac{\\omega}{m} \\ll 1)$ can be written as $ \\displaystyle{\\frac{d\\sigma}{d\\Omega}=\\frac{1}{(6\\pi)^2}\\frac{\\alpha^4} {(2\\omega)^2}(3+2\\cos^2\\theta +\\cos^4\\theta)}$.
Kanda, Naohiro
Naohiro Kanda
Slow-light solitons
A new type of soliton with controllable speed is constructed generalizing the theory of slow-light propagation to an integrable regime of nonlinear dynamics. The scheme would allow the quantum-information transfer between optical solitons and atomic media.
Ulf Leonhardt
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
Dynamic Dynamic , and Static , Res.ponse of the Government Oil Shale Mine at ' , . , Rifle, Colorado, to the Rulison Event. , . ; . . DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. p ( y c - - a 2-1 0 -4- REPORT AT (29-2) 914 USBM 1 0 0 1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F THE I NTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES e s.09 P. L. R U S S E L L RESEARCH D l RECTOR Februory 2, lB7O DYNAMIC AND STATIC RESPONSE 'OF THE GOVERNMENT OIL SHALE MINE A T RIFLE, COLORADO, T O THE, RULISON EVENT ORDER FROM CFSTl A S ~ B ~ &J C / This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H i s t o r i c . a l Des c r i p t i o n 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction 3
Dynamics of low-energy nuclear forces and Solar Neutrino Problems in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of light nuclei
The Solar Neutrino Problems (SNP's) are analysed in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of light nuclei. In this model a possible clue to the solution of the SNP's is in the reduction of the solar neutrino fluxes relative to the predicted by the Standard Solar Model through the decrease of the solar core temperature. The former can be realized through the enhancement of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning. The enhancement the upper bound of which is restricted by the helioseismological data goes dynamically via the contribution of the nucleon tensor current coupled to the deuteron. The agreement of the reduced solar neutrino fluxes with the experimental data can be reached within a scenario of vacuum two-flavour neutrino oscillations without a fine tuning of the neutrino-flavour oscillation parameters. In the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of light nuclei an enhancement of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning entails a change of the cross sections for neutrino and anti-neutrino disintegration of the deuteron at low energies. This provides a theoretical foundation for a new check of a value of the astrophysical factor in terrestrial laboratories.
A. N. Ivanov; H. Oberhummer; N. I. Troitskaya; M. Faber
Dynamics of low�energy nuclear forces and Solar Neutrino Problems in the Nambu�Jona�Lasinio model of light nuclei
The Solar Neutrino Problems (SNP�s) are analysed in the Nambu�Jona�Lasinio model of light nuclei. In this model a possible clue to the solution of the SNP�s is in the reduction of the solar neutrino fluxes relative to the predicted by the Standard Solar Model through the decrease of the solar core temperature. The former can be realized through the enhancement of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning. The enhancement the upper bound of which is restricted by the helioseismological data goes dynamically via the contribution of the nucleon tensor current coupled to the deuteron. The agreement of the reduced solar neutrino fluxes with the experimental data can be reached within a scenario of vacuum two� flavour neutrino oscillations without a fine tuning of the neutrino�flavour oscillation parameters. In the Nambu�Jona�Lasinio model of light nuclei an enhancement of the astrophysical factor for the solar proton burning entails a change of the cross sections for neutrino and anti�neutrino disintegration of the deuteron at low energies. This provides a theoretical foundation for a new check of a value of the astrophysical factor in terrestrial laboratories.
Julian Schwinger; A. N. Ivanov; H. Oberhummer; N. I. Troitskaya; M. Faber
Lumental : web-based tunable lighting control
Dynamically adjusting the light spectrum of spectrum-tunable light fixtures promises significant energy savings over binary or incremental dimming control. To enable this level of controllability, lighting must evolve from ...
Hall, Harrison King
Exploring Lighting Spaces
We present a simple system for interactively specifying lighting parameters, including position, for high-quality image synthesis. Unlikeinverse approaches to the lighting-design problem, we do not require the user to indicate a priori the desired illuminative characteristics of an image. In our approach the computer proposes, culls, and organizes a set of candidate lights automatically, using an elementary measure of image similarityasthe basis for both culling and organization. The user then browses the set of candidate-light images, selects which lights to include, and combines them as desired. This work is a particular instance of a general strategy --- sampling a design space broadly and intelligently and organizing the results for rapid browsing by the user --- that may be applicable to many other design problems in computer graphics.
T. Kang; J. Seims; J. Marks; S. Shieber
Organic photovoltaics and concentrators
The separation of light harvesting and charge generation offers several advantages in the design of organic photovoltaics and organic solar concentrators for the ultimate end goal of achieving a lower cost solar electric ...
Mapel, Jonathan King
Light: in response to time.
??Light can be described as the sensation aroused by stimulation of the visual organs; making vision possible. Being predominately visual beings, understanding the power of� (more)
Hydration Hydration Water on Rutile Studied by Backscattering Neutron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation E. Mamontov,* ,† D. J. Wesolowski, ‡ L. Vlcek, § P. T. Cummings, §,| J. Rosenqvist, ‡ W. Wang, ⊥ and D. R. Cole ‡ Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6473, Chemical Sciences DiVision, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniVersity, NashVille, Tennessee 37235-1604, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6496, and EnVironmental Sciences DiVision, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036 ReceiVed: December 20, 2007; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed: June 4, 2008 The high energy resolution, coupled with the wide dynamic range, of the new backscattering
Developing architectural lighting representations
This paper reports on the development of a visualization system for architectural lighting designers. It starts by motivating the problem as both complex in its physics and social organization. Three iterations of prototypes for displaying time and space ... Keywords: architectural lighting design, energy efficiency, ethnographic fieldwork, information visualization, qualitative analysis
Daniel C. Glaser; Roger Tan; John Canny; Ellen Yi-Luen Do
Advanced Lighting Technologies
This report continues the technical assessment of advanced lighting technologies in the following product areasdimmable light-emitting diode (LED) screw-in replacement lamp, hybrid compact fluorescent lamp/halogen screw-in replacement lamp, replacement recessed can LED downlight, organic LED (OLED) disc, replacement mini high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp and ballast system, and solid-state plasma lighting (miniature HID technology) high-bay fixture. The research in this project helps to demonstrate how...
Atomistic Time-Domain Simulations of Light-Harvesting and Charge-Transfer Dynamics in Novel Nanoscale Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production.
Funded by the DOE grant (i) we continued to study and analyze the atomistic detail of the electron transfer (ET) across the chromophore-TiO2 interface in Gratzel cell systems for solar hydrogen production. (ii) We extensively investigated the nature of photoexcited states and excited state dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots (QD) designed for photovoltaic applications. (iii) We continued a newly initiated research direction focusing on excited state properties and electron-phonon interactions in nanoscale carbon materials. Over the past year, the results of the DOE funded research were summarized in 3 review articles. 12 original manuscripts were written. The research results were reported in 28 invited talks at conferences and university seminars. 20 invitations were accepted for talks in the near future. 2 symposia at national and international meetings have being organized this year on topics closely related to the DOE funded project, and 2 more symposia have been planned for the near future. We summarized the insights into photoinduced dynamics of semiconductor QDs, obtained from our time-domain ab initio studies. QDs exhibit both molecular and bulk properties. Unlike either bulk or molecular materials, QD properties can be modified continuously by changing QD shape and size. However, the chemical and physical properties of molecular and bulk materials often contradict each other, which can lead to differing viewpoints about the behavior of QDs. For example, the molecular view suggests strong electron-hole and charge-phonon interactions, as well as slow energy relaxation due to mismatch between electronic energy gaps and phonon frequencies. In contrast, the bulk view advocates that the kinetic energy of quantum confinement is greater than electron-hole interactions, that charge-phonon coupling is weak, and that the relaxation through quasi-continuous bands is rapid. By synthesizing the bulk and molecular viewpoints, we clarified the controversies and provided a unified atomistic picture of the nature and dynamics of photoexcited states in semiconductor QDs. We also summarized our recent findings about the photoinduced electron dynamics at the chromophore-semiconductor interfaces from a time-domain ab initio perspective. The interface provides the foundation for a new, promising type of solar cell and presents a fundamentally important case study for several fields, including photo-, electro- and analytical chemistries, molecular electronics, and photography. Further, the interface offers a classic example of an interaction between an organic molecular species and an inorganic bulk material. Scientists employ different concepts and terminologies to describe molecular and solid states of matter, and these differences make it difficult to describe the interface with a single model. At the basic atomistic level of description, however, this challenge can be largely overcome. Recent advances in non-adiabatic molecular dynamics and time-domain density functional theory have created a unique opportunity for simulating the ultrafast, photoinduced processes on a computer very similar to the way that they occur in nature. These state-of-the-art theoretical tools offered a comprehensive picture of a variety of electron transfer processes that occur at the interface, including electron injection from the chromophore to the semiconductor, electron relaxation and delocalization inside the semiconductor, back-transfer of the electron to the chromophore and to the electrolyte, and regeneration of the neutral chromophore by the electrolyte. The ab initio time-domain modeling is particularly valuable for understanding these dynamic features of the ultrafast electron transfer processes, which cannot be represented by a simple rate description. We demonstrated using symmetry adapted cluster theory with configuration interaction (SAC-CI) that charging of small PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) greatly modifies their electronic states and optical excitations. Conduction and valence band transitions that are not available in neutral NCs dominate
Prezhdo, Oleg V.
LED Lighting
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are semiconductor devices that produce light when an electrical current is applied....
Lighting Techniques
...Lighting is very critical in photography. The specimen should be placed on a background which will not detract from the resolution of the fracture surface. For basic lighting, one spotlight is suggested. The light is then raised or lowered, and
Lighting Group: Light Distribution Systems
Retrofit Alternatives to Incandescent Downlights Hotel and Institutional Bathroom Lighting Portable Office Lighting Systems Low Glare Outdoor Retrofit Luminaire LED Luminaires...
Lighting Research Center Lighting Products
... 12) Solid State Lighting Luminaires - Color Characteristic Measurements. [22/S04] IES LM-16:1993 Practical Guide to Colorimetry of Light Sources. ...
Outlaw lighting
Demand-side management programs by utilities and the federal government`s Green Lights program have made significant inroads in promoting energy-efficient lighting. But the Energy Policy Act now prohibits certain types of lighting. This article provides analysis to help architects determine new lamp performance compared with older lighting products.
Bryan, H.
Quasi light fields: Extending the light field to coherent radiation
Imaging technologies such as dynamic viewpoint generation are engineered for incoherent radiation using the traditional light field, and for coherent radiation using electromagnetic field theory. We present a model of ...
Accardi, Anthony J.
Atomistic study of energy funneling in the light-harvesting complex of green sulfur bacteria
Phototrophic organisms such as plants, photosynthetic bacteria and algae use microscopic complexes of pigment molecules to absorb sunlight. Within the light-harvesting complexes, which frequently have multiple functional and structural subunits, the energy is transferred in the form of molecular excitations with very high efficiency. Green sulfur bacteria are considered to be amongst the most efficient light-harvesting organisms. Despite multiple experimental and theoretical studies of these bacteria the physical origin of the efficient and robust energy transfer in their light-harvesting complexes is not well understood. To study excitation dynamics at the systems level we introduce an atomistic model that mimic a complete light-harvesting apparatus of green sulfur bacteria. The model contains about 4000 pigment molecules and comprises a double wall roll for the chlorosome, a baseplate and six Fenna-Matthews-Olson trimer complexes. We show that the fast relaxation within functional subunits combined with the...
Huh, Joonsuk; Brookes, Jennifer C; Valleau, St�phanie; Fujita, Takatoshi; Aspuru-Guzik, Al�n
Lighting Controls
corridors. The overall range of savings was six to 80 percent. The Advanced Lighting Guidelines On-Line Edition New Buildings Institute 2011 presents a table of lighting energy...
Enhanced performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and OLED-based photoluminescent sensing platforms by novel microstructures and device architectures
After a general introduction to OLEDs and OLED-based PL sensors, the transient emission mechanism of guest-host OLEDs is described both experimentally and theoretically. A monolithic and easy-to-apply process is demonstrated for fabricating multicolor microcavity OLEDs (that improve the sensor platform). The outcoupling issues of OLEDs at the substrate/air interface are addressed by using a microstructured polymer film resulting from a PS and polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixture. Based on the understanding of OLEDs and their improvement, research was done in order to realize integrated all organic-based O{sub 2} and pH sensors with improved signal intensity and sensitivity. The sensor design modification and optimization are summarized
Liu, Rui [Ames Laboratory
Shape the light, light the shape - lighting installation in performance.
??This thesis investigates the lighting design theory Light Inside Out, which is the technique of shaping light toward a creation of lighting installation in performance� (more)
Yu, Lih-Hwa, 1972-
Stored light and released fiction
It is shown that the interpretation of the experimental results reported in the publication "Storage of Light in Atomic Vapor" by D.F.Phillips et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 86, 783 (2001) [quant-ph/0012138] is incorrect. The experimental observation of this paper can be consistently explained in the framework of standard concepts of the physics of optical pumping and has nothing to do with "storage of light", or "dynamic reduction of the group velocity", or "light pulse compression".
Alexandrov, E B
It is shown that the interpretation of the experimental results reported in the publication Storage of Light in Atomic Vapor" by D.F.Phillips et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 86, 783 (2001) is incorrect. The experimental observation of this paper can be consistently explained in the framework of standard concepts of the physics of optical pumping and have nothing to do with "storage of light'', or "dynamic reduction of the group velocity'', or "light pulse compression''.
E. B. Alexandrov; V. S. Zapasskii
Light-by-Light Scattering Effect in Light-Cone Supergraphs
We give a relatively simple explanation of the light-cone supergraph prediction for the UV properties of the maximally supersymmetric theories. It is based on the existence of a dynamical supersymmetry which is not manifest in the light-cone supergraphs. It suggests that N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is UV finite and N=8 supergravity is UV finite at least until 7 loops whereas the $n$-point amplitudes have no UV divergences at least until $L=n+3$. Here we show that this prediction can be deduced from the properties of light-cone supergraphs analogous to the light-by-light scattering effect in QED. A technical aspect of the argument relies on the observation that the dynamical supersymmetry action is, in fact, a compensating field-dependent gauge transformation required for the retaining the light-cone gauge condition $A_+=0$.
Renata Kallosh; Pierre Ramond
Lighting Systems
Purple LED lamp Purple LED lamp Lighting Systems Lighting research is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes across the nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research falls into four main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems, Controls and Communications, and Human Factors. Contacts Francis Rubinstein firstname.lastname@example.com (510) 486-4096 Links Lighting Research Group Batteries and Fuel Cells Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs and Heat Islands Demand Response Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends
Innovation in Processing of Light Metals for Transportation Industries
Symposium, Innovation in Processing of Light Metals for Transportation Industries: A Symposium in Honor of C. Ravi Ravindran. Sponsorship. Organizer(
National Initiatives and Programs in Solid-State Lighting
these results is called "The Promise of Solid-State Lighting for General Illumination: Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Light Emitting Diodes" (pdf - 329kb). The full SSL-LED...
Adsorption and Separation of Light Gases on an Amino-Functionalized Metal�Organic Framework: An Adsorption and In Situ XRD Study
The NH{sub 2}-MIL-53(Al) metal-organic framework was studied for its use in the separation of CO{sub 2} from CH{sub 4}, H{sub 2}, N{sub 2} C{sub 2}H{sub 6} and C{sub 3}H{sub 8} mixtures. Isotherms of methane, ethane, propane, hydrogen, nitrogen, and CO{sub 2} were measured. The atypical shape of these isotherms is attributed to the breathing properties of the material, in which a transition from a very narrow pore form to a narrow pore form and from a narrow pore form to a large pore form occurs, depending on the total pressure and the nature of the adsorbate, as demonstrated by in-situ XRD patterns measured during adsorption. Apart from CO{sub 2}, all tested gases interacted weakly with the adsorbent. As a result, they are excluded from adsorption in the narrow pore form of the material at low pressure. CO{sub 2} interacted much more strongly and was adsorbed in significant amounts at low pressure. This gives the material excellent properties to separate CO{sub 2} from other gases. The separation of CO{sub 2} from methane, nitrogen, hydrogen, or a combination of these gases has been demonstrated by breakthrough experiments using pellets of NH{sub 2}-MIL-53(Al). The effect of total pressure (1-30 bar), gas composition, temperature (303-403 K) and contact time has been examined. In all cases, CO{sub 2} was selectively adsorbed, whereas methane, nitrogen, and hydrogen nearly did not adsorb at all. Regeneration of the adsorbent by thermal treatment, inert purge gas stripping, and pressure swing has been demonstrated. The NH{sub 2}-MIL-53(Al) pellets retained their selectivity and capacity for more than two years.
Couck S.; Stavitski E.; Gobehiya, E.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Serra-Crespo, P.; Juan-Alcaniz, J.; Martinez Joaristi, A.; Gascon, J.; Kapteijn, F.; Baron, G. V.; Denayer J.F.M.
Commercial Lighting and LED Lighting Incentives
Incentives for energy efficient commercial lighting equipment as well as commercial LED lighting equipment are available to businesses under the Efficiency Vermont Lighting and LED Lighting...
High Efficiency Organic Light Emitting Devices for Lighting
Incorporate internal scattering layers and microlens arrays in high efficiency OLED to achieve up to 70% EQE.
So, Franky; Tansu, Nelson; Gilchrist, James
Northern Lights
Northern Lights Northern Lights Nature Bulletin No. 178-A February 6, 1965 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation NORTHERN LIGHTS To a person seeing the Aurora Borealis or "northern lights" for the first time, it is an uncanny awe-inspiring spectacle. Sometimes it begins as a glow of red on the northern horizon, ominously suggesting a great fire, gradually changing to a curtain of violet-white, or greenish-yellow light extending from east to west. Some times this may be transformed to appear as fold upon fold of luminous draperies that march majestically across the sky; sometimes as a vast multitude of gigantic flaming swords furiously slashing at the heavens; sometimes as a flowing crown with long undulating colored streamers fanning downward and outward.
Cathode encapsulation of organic light emitting diodes by atomic layer deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/a-SiN{sub x}:H stacks
Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films synthesized by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) at room temperature (25 deg. C) have been tested as water vapor permeation barriers for organic light emitting diode devices. Silicon nitride films (a-SiN{sub x}:H) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition served as reference and were used to develop Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/a-SiN{sub x}:H stacks. On the basis of Ca test measurements, a very low intrinsic water vapor transmission rate of {<=} 2 x 10{sup -6} g m{sup -2} day{sup -1} and 4 x 10{sup -6} g m{sup -2} day{sup -1} (20 deg. C/50% relative humidity) were found for 20-40 nm Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 300 nm a-SiN{sub x}:H films, respectively. The cathode particle coverage was a factor of 4 better for the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films compared to the a-SiN{sub x}:H films and an average of 0.12 defects per cm{sup 2} was obtained for a stack consisting of three barrier layers (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/a-SiN{sub x}:H/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}).
Keuning, W.; Weijer, P. van de; Lifka, H.; Kessels, W. M. M.; Creatore, M. [Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (Netherlands); Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, P.O. Box WAG12, 5656 AE Eindhoven (Netherlands); Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts
Market-Based Programs Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on AddThis.com... LED Lighting Facts CALiPER Program Standards Development Technical Information Network Gateway Demonstrations Municipal Consortium Design Competitions LED Lighting Facts LED lighting facts - A Program of the U.S. DOE DOE's LED Lighting Facts® program showcases LED products for general
New Morphological Paradigm Uncovered in Organic Solar Cells
New Morphological Paradigm Uncovered in Organic Solar Cells Print Organic solar cells are made of light, flexible, renewable materials; they require simple and inexpensive...
Silescent Lighting Corp | Open Energy Information
Silescent Lighting Corp Silescent Lighting Corp Jump to: navigation, search Name Silescent Lighting Corp Place Fort Lauderdale, Florida Zip 33315 Product Florida-based LED lighting fixtures maker. References Silescent Lighting Corp[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Silescent Lighting Corp is a company located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida . References ↑ "Silescent Lighting Corp" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Silescent_Lighting_Corp&oldid=351074" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load)
Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL
Why SSL to someone by E-mail Why SSL to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Why SSL on AddThis.com... Why SSL LED Basics OLED Basics Using LEDs R&D Challenges Market Challenges Why SSL Resources Solid-State Lighting: Brilliant Solutions for America's Energy Future PDF Energy Savings Potential of SSL PDF Energy Savings Estimates of LEDs PDF More Resources Since 2003, the U.S. Department of Energy has invested with industry partners in research and development of solid-state lighting (SSL)-including both light-emitting diode (LED) and organic light
Electroluminescence in ion gel gated organic polymer semiconductor transistors
emission in ion gel gated, thin film organic semiconductor tran- sistors and investigates the light emission mechanism behind these devices. We report that ion gel gated organic polymer semiconductor transistors emit light when the drain source volt- age... the organic light emitting devices become mainstream, there are several challenges that need to be resolved and current research focus is to ad- dress those challenges. One particular challenge is relatively high operating volt- ages of light emitting organic...
Bhat, Shrivalli
Degradation of organic chemicals with titanium ceramic membranes
Complex organic molecules, such as polychlorinated biphenyls can be degraded on porous titanium ceramic membranes by photocatalysis under ultraviolet light.
Anderson, Marc A. (Madison, WI); Tunesi, Simonetta (Madison, WI); Xu, Qunyin (Madison, WI)
MST: Organizations: Organic Materials
Adhesive Bonding Adhesive Bonding Composites Encapsulation Materials Characterization Mechanical Testing Molding, Thermoforming, & Compounding Organizations Organic Materials Composite-to-metal adhesive bond Experimental/analytical study of composit-to-metal adhesive bond. The Organic Materials department in the Advanced Manufacturing and Processing Laboratory provides innovative prototype fabrication, full service small lot production, materials technology, processing expertise, and a broad range of organic material characterization and mechanical testing techniques. We encapsulate, we join and bond, we foam, we analyze and image, we build composite structures. We strive to make you, our customers, successful! We partner with you to find the right combination of materials, processing, and fixturing that will result in the highest value
Lighting technology specifications for relighting federal buildings
Under a Federal Relighting Initiative (FRI) project, a set of Master Lighting Technology Specifications was developed for use by the Federal sector in relighting buildings. The specifications were to cover all major lighting technologies. The initial set was developed and issued for extensive peer review in December 1991. Extensive comments were received from industry, Federal sector participants (DOD, GSA, NASA, DOE, etc.), national laboratories, professional lighting organizations, private lighting professionals, and recognized experts in the lighting community. The document underwent extensive revision and was reissued in June 1992 for a second round of peer review. The current FRI Lighting Technology Specifications are organized into two sections: (1) Technical Notes and (2) Master Specifications. The Technical Notes contain explanations that enable the users to understand the background and reasons for specification requirements. The Master Specifications are organized in the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) format and are intended to form the basis for competitive bidding and contracting to undertake relighting initiatives.
Harris, L. [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States); Purcell, C. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Gordon, H. [Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Associates (United States); McKay, H. [McKay (Hayden) Lighting Design (United States)
Session V: Organic Photovoltaics and Photoelectrochemical Cells
Jun 23, 2011 ... V2, Improved High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells via Incorporation of .... in design are broad absorption spectrum and effective light absorption,�...
EK101 Engineering Light Smart Lighting
extensively in concert lighting and are finding increased usage in dance lighting because refers to the upstage back curtain (is white or a light color), which can be us for lighting or special Mixer #12;Monitor House speaker Lighting System Control Board: Similar to the sound board, the light
Bifano, Thomas
Light Computing
A configuration of light pulses is generated, together with emitters and receptors, that allows computing. The computing is extraordinarily high in number of flops per second, exceeding the capability of a quantum computer for a given size and coherence region. The emitters and receptors are based on the quantum diode, which can emit and detect individual photons with high accuracy.
Gordon Chalmers
Technology reviews: Lighting systems
We present a representative review of existing, emerging, and future technology options in each of five hardware and systems areas in envelope and lighting technologies: lighting systems, glazing systems, shading systems, daylighting optical systems, and dynamic curtain wall systems. The term technology is used here to describe any design choice for energy efficiency, ranging from individual components to more complex systems to general design strategies. The purpose of this task is to characterize lighting system in the state of the art in envelope and lighting technologies in order to identify those with promise for advanced integrated systems, with an emphasis on California commercial buildings. For each technology category, the following activities have been attempted to the extent possible: Identify key performance characteristics and criteria for each technology. Determine the performance range of available technologies. Identify the most promising technologies and promising trends in technology advances. Examine market forces and market trends. Develop a continuously growing in-house database to be used throughout the project. A variety of information sources have been used in these technology characterizations, including miscellaneous periodicals, manufacturer catalogs and cut sheets, other research documents, and data from previous computer simulations. We include these different sources in order to best show the type and variety of data available, however publication here does not imply our guarantee of these data. Within each category, several broad classes are identified, and within each class we examine the generic individual technologies that fall into that class.
Schuman, J.; Rubinstein, F.; Papamichael, K.; Beltran, L.; Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.
Renaissance Lighting Inc | Open Energy Information
Lighting Inc Lighting Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Renaissance Lighting Inc. Place Herndon, Virginia Product Utilizing patented LED optics, Renaissance Lighting delivers uniformity in wall wash and floodlight applications by using fewer luminaires, powered by efficient sources, to produce only the amount of light needed References Renaissance Lighting Inc.[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Renaissance Lighting Inc. is a company located in Herndon, Virginia . References ↑ "Renaissance Lighting Inc." Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Renaissance_Lighting_Inc&oldid=350285" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations
IFC-Lighting Africa | Open Energy Information
IFC-Lighting Africa IFC-Lighting Africa Jump to: navigation, search Logo: IFC-Lighting Africa Name IFC-Lighting Africa Agency/Company /Organization International Finance Corporation (IFC) Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access Website http://www.lightingafrica.org/ References IFC-Lighting Africa[1] "Lighting Africa, a joint IFC and World Bank program, is helping develop commercial off-grid lighting markets in Sub-Saharan Africa as part of the World Bank Group's wider efforts to improve access to energy. Lighting Africa is mobilizing the private sector to build sustainable markets to provide safe, affordable, and modern off-grid lighting to 2.5 million people in Africa by 2012 and to 250 million people by 2030."
Fabrication and Characterization of Organic Solar Cells
treatment� of� indium� tin� oxide� for� organic�solar�JR. �Criteria�for�ITO�(indium?tin?oxide)�an�organic� light�expansive material, indium thin oxide (ITO) thin films, with
Yengel, Emre
Texas Electric Lighting Report
electric lighting electric lighting The SNAP House's lighting design aims for elegant simplicity in concept, use, and maintenance. Throughout the house, soft, ambient light is juxtaposed with bright, direct task lighting. All ambient and most task lighting is integrated directly into the architectural design of the house. An accent light wall between the bedroom and bathroom provides a glowing light for nighttime navigation.
This paper reports on the development of a visualization system for architectural lighting designers. It starts by motivating the problem as both complex in its physics and social organization. Three iterations of prototypes for displaying time and space varying phenomena are discussed. Fieldwork is presented to identify where in practice they will be most effective. A set of user studies, one of which is analyzed in fine-grained detail, show how building designers incorporate visualization on hypothetical design problems. This has positive implications for both energy efficiency and lighting quality in buildings. CR Categories: H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems�Human factors; D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design
Daniel C. Glaser; Roger Tan
Phototrophic organisms such as plants, photosynthetic bacteria and algae use microscopic complexes of pigment molecules to absorb sunlight. Within the light-harvesting complexes, which frequently have multiple functional and structural subunits, the energy is transferred in the form of molecular excitations with very high efficiency. Green sulfur bacteria are considered to be amongst the most efficient light-harvesting organisms. Despite multiple experimental and theoretical studies of these bacteria the physical origin of the efficient and robust energy transfer in their light-harvesting complexes is not well understood. To study excitation dynamics at the systems level we introduce an atomistic model that mimic a complete light-harvesting apparatus of green sulfur bacteria. The model contains about 4000 pigment molecules and comprises a double wall roll for the chlorosome, a baseplate and six Fenna-Matthews-Olson trimer complexes. We show that the fast relaxation within functional subunits combined with the transfer between collective excited states of pigments can result in robust energy funneling that is weakly dependent on the initial excitation conditions and temperature changes. Moreover, the same mechanism describes the coexistence of multiple timescales of excitation dynamics frequently observed in ultrafast optical experiments. While our findings support the hypothesis of supertransfer, the model reveals energy transport through multiple channels on different length scales.
Joonsuk Huh; Semion K. Saikin; Jennifer C. Brookes; St�phanie Valleau; Takatoshi Fujita; Al�n Aspuru-Guzik
Qualitatitive description : light in the urban environment
The quality of our built environment is difficult to describe and to regulate; using light as an example, this thesis develops a descriptive framework using elementary, dynamic and connective forms. The combination of these ...
Stuebing, Susan
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting and Systems
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the most promising and unique energy efficient light source light emitting diode (LED) lighting. Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the upcoming growth of the LED and LED lighting market. Future technical improvements to LEDs and systems are also emphasized. Discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from traditional lighting to LED lighting is provided. LED lighting technologies are covered in...
Efficient energy transfer in light-harvesting systems, III: The influence of the eighth bacteriochlorophyll on the dynamics and efficiency in FMO
The most recent crystal structure of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex indicates that each subunit contains an additional eighth chromophore. It has been proposed that this extra site functions as a link between the chlorosome antenna complex and the remaining seven chromophores in FMO [Schmidt am Busch et al, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., {\\bf 2}, 93 (2011)]. Here, we investigate the implications of this scenario through numerical calculations with the generalized Bloch-Redfield (GBR) equation and the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA). Three key insights into the population dynamics and energy transfer efficiency in FMO are provided. First, it is shown that the oscillations that are often observed in the population relaxation of the dimer composed of sites one and two may be completely suppressed in the eight site model. The presence of the coherent oscillations is shown to depend upon the particular initial preparation of the dimer state. Secondly it is demonstrated that while the presence of the eighth chromophore does not cause a dramatic change in the energy transfer efficiency, it does however lead to a dominant energy transfer pathway which can be characterized by an effective three site system arranged in an equally spaced downhill configuration. Such a configuration leads to an optimal value of the site energy of the eighth chromophore which is shown to be near to its suggested value. Finally we confirm that the energy transfer process in the eight site FMO complex remains efficient and robust. The optimal values of the bath parameters are computed and shown to be closer to the experimentally fitted values than those calculated previously for the seven site system.
Jeremy Moix; Jianlan Wu; Pengfei Huo; David Coker; Jianshu Cao
Design Method for Light Absorption Enhancement in Ultra-Thin Film ...
ultra-thin film organic solar cells (OSCs) to improve the light absorption. ... In the promising field of solar cells, organic solar cells (OSCs) are advantageous in its�...
System Compatibility of Modern Lighting Control Systems
The state of the energy industry combined with growing economic pressures will drive accelerated use of energy-efficient dimmable lighting devices and control systems. While penetration and application will be different across customer sectors, the goal is to dynamically reduce lighting load without compromising productivity and the quality of light and life in a timely manner. Continual improvement of dimmable devices and controls is paramount to achieving that goal. EPRI research concepts in system com...
Energy and lighting design
A detailed examination of the current energy conservation practices for lighting systems is presented. This first part of a two-part presentation covers the following: energy and lighting design; lighting and energy standards; lighting efficiency factors; light control and photometrics; lighting and the architectural interior; luminaire impact on the environment; basic design techniques; the lighting power budget; and conservation through control.
Helms, R.N.
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting Speaker(s): Martin Moeck Date: August 6, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 We give a short overview on high-power light emitting diodes,...
lightsources.org: An Internet Site for Light Source Communication
and light source users and facilities. News is a broadthe Department of Energy�s user facilities have establisheda National User Facility Organization consisting of user
Robinson, Art
Recipients: 2006 Light Metals Division JOM Best Paper Award
STAFF DIRECTORY ... activities has clearly facilitated the Society's capability to serve its light metals-oriented members and their supporting organizations.
Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings
Conferences and Meetings to Conferences and Meetings to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Conferences and Meetings on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Past Conferences Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Conferences and Meetings DOE organizes three annual workshops to bring together a diverse gathering of participants-government, industry, academia, research institutions, energy efficiency organizations, utilities, retailers, and designers-to
Evaluation of Lighting and Lighting Control Technologies
Energy efficient lighting and lighting controls have been a means to significant energy savings for many facilities around the world. Advances in lighting sources often allow for the conservation of quality of light while providing more flexibility in the control of light. Additionally, advances in core technologies within the lighting marketplace regularly lead to the introduction of new lamps, fixtures and controls.� With the rapid introduction of new products and designs, it is important to ...
Lighting Group: Controls: PIER Lighting Projects
PIER Lighting Projects CEC Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Projects Objective Lighting controls are often expensive, complex, hard to commission properly and difficult to...
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be updated...
Towards Truly White LED Lighting | U.S. DOE Office of Science...
to emit light of different colors is a key step toward a new kind of organic light-emitting diode, or OLED, that can emit truly white light while improving efficiency and...
LightWeight KerneL
Catamount n-Way LightWeight KerneL 1 R&D 100 Entry Catamount n-Way LightWeight KerneL 2 R&D 100 Entry Submitting organization Sandia National Laboratories PO Box 5800 Albuquerque,...
Organization Chart
and Mission Organization Staff - Organization Chart About Us Bob Cottingham, 865-241-0554 Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Meghan Drake 865-241-8288 Michael...
Science Organizations
Organizations Science Organizations National security depends on science and technology. The United States relies on Los Alamos National Laboratory for the best of both. No place...
Organic electrophosphorescence device having interfacial layers
Techniques are described for forming an organic light emitting diode device with improved device efficiency. Materials having at least one energy level that is similar to those of a phosphorescent light emitting material in the diode are incorporated into the device to directly inject holes or electrons to the light emitting material.
Choulis, Stelios A. (San Jose, CA); Mathai, Mathew (Santa Clara, CA); Choong, Vi-En (San Jose, CA); So, Franky (Gainesville, FL)
Next Generation Light Source
�Next Generation Light Source � Super Thin Light Bulb, Energy Efficient, Long Life, Dimmable, and Uniform Illumination �High Entry Barrier � 71 ...
Surface plasmon polariton mediated energy transfer from external antennas into organic photovoltaic cells
Despite significant improvements in the performance of organic photovoltaic devices in recent years, the tradeoff between light absorption and charge separation efficiency remains pervasive; increasing light absorption by ...
Heidel, Timothy David
Organization | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
About Us Organization Organization Leadership Organization History Careers Contact Us Organization...
Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting Lighting Lighting When you're shopping for lightbulbs, compare lumens and use the Lighting Facts label to be sure you're getting the amount of light, or level of brightness, you want. You can save money and energy while lighting your home and still maintaining good light quantity and quality. Consider energy-efficient lighting options to use the same amount of light for less money. Learn strategies for comparing and buying lighting products and using them efficiently. Featured Lighting Choices to Save You Money Light your home for less money while using the same amount of light. How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents Energy-efficient light bulbs are available today and could save you about $50 per year in energy costs when you replace 15 traditional incandescent bulbs in your home.
Damage tolerant light absorbing material
A light absorbing article comprised of a composite of carbon-bonded carbon fibers, is prepared by: blending carbon fibers with a carbonizable organic powder to form a mixture; dispersing the mixture into an aqueous slurry; vacuum molding the aqueous slurry to form a green article; drying and curing the green article to form a cured article; and, carbonizing the cured article at a temperature of at least about 1000 C to form a carbon-bonded carbon fiber light absorbing composite article having a bulk density less than 1 g/cm[sup 3]. 9 figures.
Lauf, R.J.; Hamby, C. Jr.; Akerman, M.A.; Seals, R.D.
A light absorbing article comprised of a composite of carbon-bonded carbon fibers, prepared by: blending carbon fibers with a carbonizable organic powder to form a mixture; dispersing the mixture into an aqueous slurry; vacuum molding the aqueous slurry to form a green article; drying and curing the green article to form a cured article; and, carbonizing the cured article at a temperature of at least about 1000.degree. C. to form a carbon-bonded carbon fiber light absorbing composite article having a bulk density less than 1 g/cm.sup.3.
Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN); Hamby, Jr., Clyde (Harriman, TN); Akerman, M. Alfred (Knoxville, TN); Seals, Roland D. (Oak Ridge, TN)
First Light
The first dwarf galaxies, which constitute the building blocks of the collapsed objects we find today in the Universe, had formed hundreds of millions of years after the big bang. This pedagogical review describes the early growth of their small-amplitude seed fluctuations from the epoch of inflation through dark matter decoupling and matter-radiation equality, to the final collapse and fragmentation of the dark matter on all mass scales above \\~10^{-4} solar masses. The condensation of baryons into halos in the mass range of ~10^5-10^{10} solar masses led to the formation of the first stars and the re-ionization of the cold hydrogen gas, left over from the big bang. The production of heavy elements by the first stars started the metal enrichment process that eventually led to the formation of rocky planets and life. A wide variety of instruments currently under design [including large-aperture infrared telescopes on the ground or in space (JWST), and low-frequency arrays for the detection of redshifted 21cm radiation], will establish better understanding of the first sources of light during an epoch in cosmic history that was largely unexplored so far. Numerical simulations of reionization are computationally challenging, as they require radiative transfer across large cosmological volumes as well as sufficently high resolution to identify the sources of the ionizing radiation. The technological challenges for observations and the computational challenges for numerical simulations, will motivate intense work in this field over the coming decade.
Abraham Loeb
Next Generation Light Source Workshops
Next Generation Light Source Workshops Next Generation Light Source Workshops A series of workshops will be held in late August with the goal of refining the scientific drivers for the facility and translating the scientific needs into the technical performance requirements. Feedback from these workshops will provide important input for advancing the design of the facility. Workshops are planned in the following areas Fundamental Atomic, Molecular, Optical Physics & Combustion Dynamics Mon. Aug. 20 - Tues. Aug 21, 2012 Physical Chemistry, Catalysis, & Photosynthesis Thurs. Aug. 23 - Fri. Aug 24, 2012 Quantum Materials, Magnetism & Spin Dynamics Mon. Aug. 27 - Tues. Aug 28, 2012 Materials & Bio-imaging at the Nanoscale Thurs. Aug. 30 - Fri. Aug 31, 2012 Further information is available on the workshop website:
Light Dynamics in a Quantum Dot
Single Photon from a Quantum Emitter? It's a Matter of Timing . . . ... They also created a model to explain the physics of the phenomenon. ...
Vision 2020: Lighting Technology Roadmap | Open Energy Information
Vision 2020: Lighting Technology Roadmap Vision 2020: Lighting Technology Roadmap Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Vision 2020: Lighting Technology Roadmap Agency/Company /Organization: United States Department of Energy, LBNL International Energy Studies, International Association of Lighting Designers, International Association of Lighting Management Companies Partner: NAED, NEMA, NEMRA, NECA, NAILD Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency Topics: Market analysis, Technology characterizations Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/27996.pdf References: Vision 2020: Lighting Technology Roadmap[1] Overview "Continued innovation in lamps and other system components, as well as in design practices, have made lighting progressively more effective,
New Light Sources for Tomorrow's Lighting Designs
The lighting industry is driven to provide light sources and lighting systems that, when properly applied, will produce a suitable luminous environment in which to perform a specified task. Tasks may include everything from office work, manufacturing and inspection to viewing priceless art objects, selecting the right chair for your living room, and deciding which produce item to select for tonight's dinner. While energy efficiency is a major consideration in any new lighting system design, the sacrifice of lighting quality may cost more in terms of lost productivity and user dissatisfaction than can ever be saved on that monthly energy bill. During the past several years, many new light sources have been developed and introduced. These product introductions have not been limited to anyone lamp type, but instead may be found in filament, fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamp families. Manufacturers of light sources have two basic goals for new product development. These goals are high efficiency lighting and improved color rendering properties. High efficiency lighting may take the form of either increasing lamp efficiency (lumens of light delivered per watt of power consumed) or decreasing lamp size, thus making a more easily controlled light source that places light where it is needed. The manufacturer's second goal is to produce lamps that render colors accurately while maintaining high efficiency. This paper will discuss new introductions in light sources and lighting systems and how they may impact the design of luminous environments of the future.
Krailo, D. A.
Light source comprising a common substrate, a first led device and a second led device
At least one stacked organic or polymeric light emitting diode (PLEDs) devices to comprise a light source is disclosed. At least one of the PLEDs includes a patterned cathode which has regions which transmit light. The patterned cathodes enable light emission from the PLEDs to combine together. The light source may be top or bottom emitting or both.
Choong, Vi-En (Carlsbad, CA)
Symposium Organizer
Volunteer Training Module. March 2013. 1. Your Professional Partner for Career Advancement. Symposium Organizer. Online Training Module. March 2013�...
NIST Organization
... What We Do; Organization Chart; Budget Information; Office of the Director; Laboratories & Major Programs; Locations; Staff Directory; Working With ...
Lighting Options for Homes.
This report covers many aspects of various lighting options for homes. Types of light sources described include natural light, artificial light, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and high intensity discharge lamps. A light source selection guide gives the physical characteristics of these, design considerations, and common applications. Color, strategies for efficient lighting, and types of lighting are discussed. There is one section giving tips for various situations in specific rooms. Rooms and types of fixtures are shown on a matrix with watts saved by using the recommended type lighting for that room and room location. A major emphasis of this report is saving energy by utilizing the most suitable, recommended lighting option. (BN)
Baker, W.S.
Mobile lighting apparatus
A mobile lighting apparatus includes a portable frame such as a moveable trailer or skid having a light tower thereon. The light tower is moveable from a stowed position to a deployed position. A hydrogen-powered fuel cell is located on the portable frame to provide electrical power to an array of the energy efficient lights located on the light tower.
Roe, George Michael; Klebanoff, Leonard Elliott; Rea, Gerald W; Drake, Robert A; Johnson, Terry A; Wingert, Steven John; Damberger, Thomas A; Skradski, Thomas J; Radley, Christopher James; Oros, James M; Schuttinger, Paul G; Grupp, David J; Prey, Stephen Carl
Solid-state lighting technology perspective.
Solid-State Lighting (SSL) uses inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to convert electricity into light for illumination. SSL has the potential for enormous energy savings and accompanying environmental benefits if its promise of 50% (or greater) energy efficiencies can be achieved. This report provides a broad summary of the technologies that underlie SSL. The applications for SSL and potential impact on U.S. and world-wide energy consumption, and impact on the human visual experience are discussed. The properties of visible light and different technical metrics to characterize its properties are summarized. The many factors contributing to the capital and operating costs for SSL and traditional lighting sources (incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps) are discussed, with extrapolations for future SSL goals. The technologies underlying LEDs and OLEDs are also described, including current and possible alternative future technologies and some of the present limitations.
Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Coltrin, Michael Elliott
Exciting White Lighting | Department of Energy
Exciting White Lighting Exciting White Lighting Exciting White Lighting April 23, 2010 - 10:27am Addthis Joshua DeLung In the future, your office building's windows might be replaced with windows that have transparent organic light-emitting diodes in them so that, during the day, you can see through them, but at night you might turn on your windows so that the OLEDs emit light into the room. That's what Janice Mahon, vice president of Technology Commercialization at New Jersey-based Universal Display, calls "a fun concept with real potential." Though Universal Display's PHOLED technology and materials can already be found in a variety of OLED displays for cell phones and TVs, OLED production for lighting may ramp up much faster because they are easier to manufacture. Universal Display specializes in developing patents in advanced
Solar Electric Light Fund | Open Energy Information
Solar Electric Light Fund Solar Electric Light Fund Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Solar Electric Light Fund Agency/Company /Organization: Solar Electric Light Fund Sector: Energy Focus Area: Solar Phase: Create Early Successes Resource Type: Publications, Training materials Website: www.self.org/ Locality: US, Africa, Asia, Latin America Cost: Free The mission of the Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) is to empower people in developing countries to rise from poverty using energy from the sun. What We Do The Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) has been working in the field of renewable energy, household energy and decentralized rural electrification for over 18 years. We have a proven track record of managing complex, multi-disciplinary international projects and have worked on renewable
Precomputed local radiance transfer for real-time lighting design
This paper introduces a new method for real-time relighting of scenes illuminated by local light sources. We extend previous work on precomputed radiance transfer for distant lighting to local lighting by introducing the concept of unstructured light clouds. The unstructured light cloud enables a compact representation of local lights in the model and real-time rendering of complex models with full global illumination due to local light sources. We use simplification of lights, and clustered PCA to obtain a compressed representation. When storing only the indirect component of the illumination, we are able to get high quality with only 8� 16 lighting coefficients per vertex. Our results demonstrate real-time rendering of scenes with moving lights, dynamic cameras, glossy materials and global illumination.
Anders Wang Kristensen
EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.p...
Geometry-dependent lighting
Abstract � In this paper we introduce geometrydependent lighting that allows lighting parameters to be defined independently and possibly discrepantly over an object or scene based on the local geometry. We present and discuss Light Collages, a lighting design system with geometry-dependent lights for effective feature-enhanced visualization. Our algorithm segments the objects into local surface patches and places lights that are locally consistent but globally discrepant to enhance the perception of shape. We use spherical harmonics for efficiently storing and computing light placement and assignment. We also outline a method to find the minimal number of light sources sufficient to illuminate an object well with our globally discrepant lighting approach. Index Terms � Lighting design, scientific illustration, discrepant lighting, light placement, silhouette enhancement, proximity shadows, spherical harmonics I.
Chang Ha Lee; Xuejun Hao; Amitabh Varshney
Lighting Group: What's New
What's New What's New in the Lighting Group For more information on what's new in the Lighting Group, please contact: Francis Rubinstein Lighting Group Leader (510) 486-4096...
Light in the city
This thesis focuses on enhancing the awareness of light for the pedestrian,and using light as a way of revealing the structure of the city and its relation to the cosmos. It proposes that aesthetic qualities of light inform ...
Srinivasan, Kavita, 1976-
Specific light in sculpture
Specific light is defined as light from artificial or altered natural sources. The use and manipulation of light in three dimensional sculptural work is discussed in an historic and contemporary context. The author's work ...
Powell, John William
Prospects for LED lighting.
Solid-state lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has the potential to reduce energy consumption for lighting by 50% while revolutionizing the way we illuminate our homes, work places, and public spaces. Nevertheless, substantial technical challenges remain in order for solid-state lighting to significantly displace the well-developed conventional lighting technologies. We review the potential of LED solid-state lighting to meet the long-term cost goals.
Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Gee, James Martin; Simmons, Jerry Alvon
Lighting Control Systems
The demand for lighting control systems in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities is on the rise with the demand for increased energy savings. With lighting accounting for almost 23% of grid load, there is significant opportunity to reduce lighting load while improving the quality of light for customers. Lighting control systems are becoming more intelligent as the need for them to interface with building control systems and demand response systems also increases. Lighting control systems use...
FAQ of Overview of Solid-State Lighting
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 3 Leds FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 3 Leds 1. What is solid-state lighting? 2. What is a semiconductor? 3. What is a semiconductor LED (light emitting diode)? 4. What is an organic LED (OLED)? 5. Where can I see LED lighting today? 6. How do you produce white light using LEDs? 7. How does solid-state lighting differ from conventional lighting? 8. What is the energy efficiency of solid-state lighting today? How does the energy efficiency compare with incandescent and fluorescent lamps? 9. What is the cost of solid-state lighting today? How does the cost compare with incandescent and fluorescent lamps? 10. What is the quality of the white light using solid-state lighting today? How does it compare with incandescent and fluorescent lamps?
Composite Lighting Simulations with Lighting Networks
A whole variety of different techniques for simulating global illumination in virtual environments have been developed over recent years. Each technique, including Radiosity, Monte-Carlo ray- or photon tracing, and directional-dependent Radiance computations, is best suited for simulating only some special case environments. None of these techniques is currently able to efficiently simulate all important lighting effects in non-trivial scenes. In this paper, we describe a new approach for efficiently combining different global illumination algorithms to yield a composite lighting simulation: Lighting Networks. Lighting Networks can exploit the advantages of each algorithm and can combine them in such a way as to simulate lighting effects that could only be computed at great costs by any single algorithm. Furthermore, this approach allows a user to configure the Lighting Network to compute only specific lighting effects that are important for a given task, while avoiding a costly simulation of the full global illumination in a scene. We show how the light paths computed by a Lighting Network can be described using regular expressions. This mapping allows us to analyze the composite lighting simulation and ensure completeness and redundant-free computations. Several examples demonstrate the advantages and unique lighting effects that can be obtained using this technique. 1
Philipp Slusallek; Marc Stamminger; Wolfgang Heidrich; Jan-Christian Popp; Hans-peter Seidel
Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting
Demand Demand Responsive Lighting Host: Francis Rubinstein Demand Response Research Center Technical Advisory Group Meeting August 31, 2007 10:30 AM - Noon Meeting Agenda * Introductions (10 minutes) * Main Presentation (~ 1 hour) * Questions, comments from panel (15 minutes) Project History * Lighting Scoping Study (completed January 2007) - Identified potential for energy and demand savings using demand responsive lighting systems - Importance of dimming - New wireless controls technologies * Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting (commenced March 2007) Objectives * Provide up-to-date information on the reliability, predictability of dimmable lighting as a demand resource under realistic operating load conditions * Identify potential negative impacts of DR lighting on lighting quality Potential of Demand Responsive Lighting Control
Light Metals 2010
Feb 1, 2010 ... Softcover book: Light Metals 2008 Volume 2: Aluminum Reduction. Hardcover book and CD-ROM: Light Metals 2009�...
Properties of Light
... Scattering of Light. Exploration: Sunset in a glass. ... How would you design a camera that could see through a sand storm? Invisible Light. ...
Lighting | Open Energy Information
Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Lighting Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Lighting Incentives...
Lighting Systems Test Facilities
Measurement equipment with light beam Lighting Systems Test Facilities NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be...
Lighting and Daylighting
Buildings can be lit in two ways: by using artificial lighting, or by using daylighting, or the process of using natural sunlight, windows, and skylights to provide lighting.
Looking For Light.
??In my search for the way light can dictate the overall expression of an image, I have found that light is the means that activates� (more)
Lindholm, Kevin R.
LBNL Lighting Research Group
LED and ballast berkeley lamp workstation light switch Overview | What's New | Publications | Software | Facilities | People | Contact Us | Links Sources and Ballasts | Light...
Lighting and Daylighting Basics
Light Laboratory, Inc.
Hubbell Lighting Photometric Laboratory
Energy Efficient Lighting Products
... Road Vista, San Diego, CA [200823- 0] Light Laboratory, Inc ... GA. CSA Group, Alpharetta, GA [200732- 0] Cooper Lighting Photometric Laboratory ...
Plant and Lighting
publicationshouseplantligh t.html Sincerely, Anthony R. Brach "Artificial" light comes from many kinds of bulbs that emit different wavelengths of light; Many plants...
National Synchrotron Light Source
Angle Limit," Phys. Rev. Lett., 99: 134801 (2007). 33 Researchers Produce Firsts with Bursts of Light BNL researchers have generated extremely short pulses of light that are the...
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF...
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF Jump to: navigation, search Name Cree LED Lighting Solutions (Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures (LLF)) Place...
Synergies Connecting the Photovoltaics and Solid-State Lighting Industries
Recent increases in the efficiencies of phosphide, nitride, and organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) inspire a vision of a revolution in lighting. If high efficiencies, long lifetimes, and low cost can be achieved, solid-state lighting could save our country many quads of electricity in the coming years. The solid-state lighting (SSL) and photovoltaic (PV) industries share many of the same challenges. This paper explores the similarities between the two industries and how they might benefit by sharing information.
Kurtz, S.
Complex organic molecules, such as polychlorinated biphenyls can be degraded on porous titanium ceramic membranes by photocatalysis under ultraviolet light. 3 figures.
Anderson, M.A.; Tunesi, S.; Xu, Q.
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts: OLED Cathodes
OLED Cathodes OLED Cathodes Development of New Cathodes for OLED's Objective The objective of this project is to develop improved cathodes for use in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Approach A major challenge for organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology is to improve electron injection into the organic electroluminescent layer, which limits the efficiency of the device and the luminous flux per unit area. This project aims at overcoming such barriers by developing structured cathodes based on functional materials (nanotubes and nanoclusters) with characteristic size smaller than the optical wavelength. The incorporation of such nanostructured cathodes in OLEDs can significantly improve device efficiency by lowering operating voltage, and increase device stability and light extraction.
spacer spacer spacer About DOE Organization News Contact Us Search Search Go spacer U.S. Department of Energy header image Science & Technology Energy Sources Energy Efficiency...
Solid-State Lighting: Registration
Lighting: Registration on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Solid-State Lighting: Postings
Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Incandescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Incandescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis Incandescent lighting is the most common type of lighting used in homes. Incandescent lamps operate...
Census and viewing of organisms
Census and viewing of organisms Census and viewing of organisms Name: m hariaczyi Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: Around 1993 Question: How many organisms exist in the world today? What is the most powerful microscope that could be used for viewing organism? Replies: The most powerful microscope is called an electron microscope, which can be used for viewing entire organisms, although few organisms are small enough to see all of them at high magnifications allowed by this microscope. So most often its used to look at fixed sections of organisms. Since the electron microscope only works in a vacuum, with no air, you cannot look at live organisms. To do that, probably the most powerful microscope is called a Nomarski, or in technical terms, a "differential interference contrast" microscope. This is a modification of a normal light microscope that allows better contrast in living tissue. It is not any more powerful than a light microscope, and is much less powerful than an electron microscope, but it allows you to see living things much better.
Stationary light in cold atomic gases
We discuss stationary light created by a pair of counter-propagating control fields in Lambda-type atomic gases with electromagnetically induced transparency for the case of negligible Doppler broadening. In this case the secular approximation used in the discussion of stationary light in hot vapors is no longer valid. We discuss the quality of the effective light-trapping system and show that in contrast to previous claims it is finite even for vanishing ground-state dephasing. The dynamics of the photon loss is in general non exponential and can be faster or slower than in hot gases.
Gor Nikoghosyan; Michael Fleischhauer
Lighting Research Group
Lighting Research Group overview what's new publications software facilities people contact us links...
Organic LEDs for optoelectronic neural networks
In this thesis, I investigate the characteristics of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and assess their suitability for use in the Compact Optoelectronic Integrated Neural (COIN) coprocessor. The COIN coprocessor, a ...
Mars, Risha R
Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/tris(8-hydroxy) quinoline aluminum heterostructure light emitting diode
Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/tris(8-hydroxy) quinoline aluminum heterostructure light emitting diode are presented from polymer/molecular organic heterostructure light emitting diodes composed of a layer,2 organic light emitting diodes OLEDs utilizing fluorescent molecules have attracted considerable interest
Energy and lighting decisions
This report reviews the fundamental principles of lighting and uses them to evaluate energy-conserving lighting equipment and techniques. The selection of the proper lighting components and systems is complex, requiring a knowledge of the characteristics of light sources and their interactions with the auxiliary equipment and the environment. Furthermore, there are subjective aspects of lighting that are difficult to quantify. We address the simplistic way in which lighting is commonly approached, then present an argument as to the critical nature of the lighting decision. In the final sections we discuss and evaluate lighting equipment in terms of its applications and characteristics. Familiarity with the fundamental characteristics of the elements of lighting equipment will also permit more judicious appraisal and use of lighting concepts that may be introduced in the future. 6 figs., 9 tabs.
Verderber, R.R.
Lighting Inventory Lighting Theatre and Drama
Strand Basic Palette 400 channel 800 attrib. 1 Strand Lighting 200 Series 24/48 1 1 MicroVision 2 HORIZON
Indiana University
Lighting Retrofit Study
The Lighting Retrofit Study was an effort to determine the most cost-effective methods of retrofitting several configurations of lighting systems at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). We developed a test protocol to compare a variety of lighting technologies for their applicability in labs and offices and designed and constructed a novel lighting contrast potential meter to allow for comparison of lighting quality as well as quantity.
Kromer, S.; Morse, O.; Siminovitch, M.
Theoretical characterization of excitation energy transfer in chlorosome light-harvesting antennae from green sulfur bacteria
Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient natural light-harvesting antenna systems. They contain thousands of pigment molecules - bacteriochlorophylls (BChls)- that are organized into supramolecular aggregates and form a very efficient network for excitonic energy migration. Here, we present a theoretical study of excitation energy transfer (EET) in the chlorosome based on experimental evidence of the molecular assembly. Our model for the exciton dynamics throughout the antenna combines a stochastic time propagation of the excitonic wave function with molecular dynamics simulations of supramolecular structure, and electronic structure calculations of the excited states. The simulation results reveal a detailed picture of the EET in the chlorosome. Coherent energy transfer is significant only for the first 50 fs after the initial excitation, and the wavelike motion of the exciton is completely damped at 100 fs. Characteristic time constants of incoherent energy transfer, subsequently, vary from 1 ps to se...
Fujita, Takatoshi; Saikin, Semion K; Brookes, Jennifer C; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
Organic Solar Cells: Absolute Measurement of Domain Composition and
Organic Solar Cells: Absolute Organic Solar Cells: Absolute Measurement of Domain Composition and Nanoscale Size Distribution Explains Performance in Solar Cells Organic Solar Cells: Absolute Measurement of Domain Composition and Nanoscale Size Distribution Explains Performance in Solar Cells Print Tuesday, 22 January 2013 00:00 This front cover represents the morphology and resulting device dynamics in organic solar cell blend films of PTB7 and PC71BM, as revealed by combined resonant x-ray scattering and microscopy done at the Advanced Light Source. Harald Ade and co-workers find that the fullerene molecules (red) are miscible in the polymer (blue) up to 30 wt.%, above which they begin to agglomerate (bottom). This agglomeration is important for the optoelectronic processes within the device, but the agglomerates must be kept to small sizes by the solvent processing additive diiodooctane (DIO). Correlation of this morphology with the spectrally resolved quantum efficiency shows that the yellow excitons created upon photoabsorption must arrive at the agglomerate interface for charge separation to occur. The blue electrons and green holes can then percolate through appropriate molecules in the mixed matrix to the electrodes for harvesting of electrical energy. Article Link (PDF)
represents high usage of an engine and the violet end represents low usage. A light blue coloring represents from red to light blue), and slowly increase their usage of engine A. The seventh row show a patternModeling Long-Term Search Engine Usage Ryen W. White, Ashish Kapoor, and Susan T. Dumais Microsoft
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting
November 2007 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 1 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Brian Liebel, PE, LC Brian Liebel, PE, LC November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 29 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 2 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting This is not a technology; just a This is not a technology; just a different way to quantify light based on different way to quantify light based on well established scientific findings well established scientific findings Can be used in conjunction with ANY Can be used in conjunction with ANY type of lighting design to gain
LED Lighting | Department of Energy
LED Lighting LED Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:07am Addthis Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are...
Natural lighting and skylights
There are many physiological and psychological factors which enter into the proper design of space for human occupancy. One of these elements is light. Both natural light and manufactured light are basic tools with which any designer must work. However, they are only two of the many, many elements which must be considered; and they, therefore, must be considered, always, in relation to the other elements. The achievement of good lighting depends on a reasonable understanding of three primary factors: one, the visual response to lighting; two, the availability and types of lighting; and three, methods for controlling light. This thesis is intended to supply enough information to provide a working knowledge of each of these facets. The human visual response is discussed in "Goals For Good Lighting." The availability and types of lighting are dealt with in the section on available light. The remainder of the thesis concerns methods for controlling light. The use of scale models for studying the natural lighting characteristics of buildings due to the building geometry, the fenestration details and the interior reflectance has been well established as pointed out in the earlier part of this thesis. With the completion of the work outlined herein, the feasibility of using scale models for studying skylights is also an established fact. The method of analysis by models can be a valuable tool to any designer who is concerned about day-lighting.
Evans, Benjamin Hampton
f(R) cosmological solutions with varying speed of light
We consider f(R) modified gravity theories for describing varying speed of light in a spatially flat FRW model, and find some exact solutions. Also we examine the dynamics of this model by dynamical system method assuming a LambdaCDM background and we find some exact solutions by considering the character of critical points of the theory in both formalisms. The behaviour of the speed of light is obtained.
Azam Izadi; Ali Shojai
Conversion of organic solids to hydrocarbons
A method of converting organic solids to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons includes impregnating an organic solid with photosensitizing ions and exposing the impregnated solid to light in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a time sufficient to photocatalytically reduce the solid to at least one of a liquid and a gaseous hydrocarbon.
Greenbaum, Elias (Oak Ridge, TN)
A method of converting organic solids to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons includes impregnating an organic solid with photosensitizing ions and exposing the impregnated solid to light in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a time sufficient to photocatalytically reduce the solid to at least one of a liquid and a gaseous hydrocarbon. 5 Figs.
Greenbaum, E.
Inverse Lighting for Photography
We introduce a technique for improving photographs using inverse lighting, a new process based on algorithms developed in computer graphics for computing the reflection of light in 3D space. From a photograph and a 3D surface model for the object pictured, inverse lighting estimates the directional distribution of the incident light. We then use this information to process the photograph digitally to alter the lighting on the object. Inverse lighting is a specific example of the general idea of inverse rendering. This refers to the practice of using the methods of computer graphics, which normally are used to render images from scene information, to infer scene information from images. Our system uses physically based rendering technology to construct a linear least squares system that we solve to find the lighting. As an application, the results are then used to simulate a change in the incident light in the photograph. An implementation is described that uses 3D models from a laser...
Stephen R. Marschner; Donald P. Greenberg
Fast Light, Fast Neutrinos?
Light has been observed with group velocities both faster and slower than the speed of light. The recent report from OPERA of superluminal 17 GeV neutrinos may describe a similar phenomenon.
Cahill, Kevin
Light Wavelength and Plants
Light Wavelength and Plants Name: John Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: I just was wandering whether plants grow better in artificial light or in sunlight. I am...
Germinating and Light
Germinating and Light Name: Chris Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Can you tell me how plants determine where the light is once they are out of the soil and not a...
Madrid Electric Lighting Report
Electric Lighting Quality Page 1 of 2 ELECTRIC LIGHTING QUALITY MAGIC BOX is a versatile home. Its design allows to change the room size by opening and closing the movable walls...
Automatic lighting controls demonstration
The purpose of this work was to demonstrate, in a real building situation, the energy and peak demand reduction capabilities of an electronically ballasted lighting control system that can utilize all types of control strategies to efficiently manage lighting. The project has demonstrated that a state-of-the-art electronically ballasted dimmable lighting system can reduce energy and lighting demand by as least 50% using various combinations of control strategies. By reducing light levels over circulation areas (tuning) and reducing after hours light levels to accommodate the less stringent lighting demands of the cleaning crew (scheduling), lighting energy consumption on weekdays was reduced an average of 54% relative to the initial condition. 10 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.
Rubinstein, F.; Verderber, R.
Lighting energy audit workbook
A simple test to determine the need for a lighting energy audit is followed by how-to information on conducting the audit, identifying savings opportunities, and developing an energy management plan for lighting.
Lighting Group: Overview
Overview Overview Overview of the Lighting Research Group The Lighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory performs research aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes, throughout the State of California and across the Nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research in the Lighting Group falls into three main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems and Controls and Communications. Click on a link below for more information about each of these research areas. Sources and Ballasts investigates next generation light sources, such as
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting
Solid-State Lighting Search Solid-State Lighting Search Search Help Solid-State Lighting HOME ABOUT THE PROGRAM R&D PROJECTS MARKET-BASED PROGRAMS SSL BASICS INFORMATION RESOURCES FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES EERE » Building Technologies Office » Solid-State Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards.
PFP Emergency Lighting Study
NFPA 101, section 5-9 mandates that, where required by building classification, all designated emergency egress routes be provided with adequate emergency lighting in the event of a normal lighting outage. Emergency lighting is to be arranged so that egress routes are illuminated to an average of 1.0 footcandle with a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle, as measured at floor level. These levels are permitted to drop to 60% of their original value over the required 90 minute emergency lighting duration after a power outage. The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) has two designations for battery powered egress lights ''Emergency Lights'' are those battery powered lights required by NFPA 101 to provide lighting along officially designated egress routes in those buildings meeting the correct occupancy requirements. Emergency Lights are maintained on a monthly basis by procedure ZSR-12N-001. ''Backup Lights'' are battery powered lights not required by NFPA, but installed in areas where additional light may be needed. The Backup Light locations were identified by PFP Safety and Engineering based on several factors. (1) General occupancy and type of work in the area. Areas occupied briefly during a shiftly surveillance do not require backup lighting while a room occupied fairly frequently or for significant lengths of time will need one or two Backup lights to provide general illumination of the egress points. (2) Complexity of the egress routes. Office spaces with a standard hallway/room configuration will not require Backup Lights while a large room with several subdivisions or irregularly placed rooms, doors, and equipment will require Backup Lights to make egress safer. (3) Reasonable balance between the safety benefits of additional lighting and the man-hours/exposure required for periodic light maintenance. In some plant areas such as building 236-Z, the additional maintenance time and risk of contamination do not warrant having Backup Lights installed in all rooms. Sufficient light for egress is provided by existing lights located in the hallways.
Light-weight communal digital libraries
We describe Kepler, a collection of light-weight utilities that allow for simple and quick digital library construction. Kepler bridges the gap between established, organization-backed digital libraries and groups of researchers that wish to publish ... Keywords: Documentation, Performance, Design
Kurt J. Maly; Michael L. Nelson; Mohammad Zubair; Ashraf Amrou; S. Kothasama; Lan Wang; Richard Luce
TMS Light Metals Publication
The following instructions should be used when submitting a manuscript for any TMS Light Metals proceedings volume. INTRODUCTION. Orientation to�...
EMSL: Science: Biological Interactions and Dynamics
Biological Interactions and Dynamics Cryo-transmission electron microscope image of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Understanding and optimizing the response of organisms and...
Lighting management casebook
Fifteen examples illustrate how lighting system projects can save energy as well as improve productivity and safety. The case histories include the use of programmable lighting, fiber optics, skylights, voltage reduction, ultrasonic and infrared sensors, and other strategies for improving lighting efficiency. Each case history includes the management approach, site information, and applications. (DCK)
Advanced Lighting Guidelines
Information about energy-effective lighting technologies is required to be updated as old technologies become obsolete and new technologies begin to make important market impacts. Providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art update of lighting technology application and information is necessary to ensure that lighting decision-makers have the best possible information available at all times.
Energy conserving practices in providing lighting for today's buildings are examined in this second of a two-part presentation. Discussion on light source characteristics, ballast characteristics for gaseous discharge lamps, quality and the cost of lighting, and equivalent sphere illumination are included.
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts: LED Task Light
light The goal of this project is to accelerate the use of energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) technology for general lighting applications by developing a task lamp...
Resonant energy transfer in light harvesting and light emitting applications.
??The performance of light emitting and light harvesting devices is improved by utilising resonant energy transfer. In lighting applications, the emission energy of a semiconductor� (more)
Chanyawadee, Soontorn
LIGHT FORCE: An Exploration of Light through Design.
??What falls into the realm of light and what it means to design and the human experience? Can light be material? How does light change� (more)
Chen, Tzu
Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting...
Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions on Facebook Tweet about...
Argonne CNM News: Enhanced Light-Harvesting in Quantum Dot -...
Enhanced Light-Harvesting in Quantum Dot-Metal Organic Frameworks A schematic of directional energy (exciton) migration in the MOF, along with the porphyrin building-blocks of the...
Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects
R&D R&D Projects Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: R&D Projects on AddThis.com... R&D Highlights R&D Projects DOE leadership and support spur advances in the efficacy and performance of light-emitting diode (LED) and organic LED (OLED) technologies-advances that might not otherwise be achieved without DOE funding. (Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. Download Adobe
Trust negotiation: authorization for virtual organizations
Trust negotiation is an authorization approach for open distributed systems, such as dynamic coalitions and other types of virtual organizations. Under the trust negotiation approach to authorization, every resource that might be shared within the coalition ...
M. Winslett; Adam J. Lee; Kenneth J. Perano
Lighting Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards. Register Now for DOE's 11th Annual SSL R&D Workshop January 28-30, join other SSL R&D professionals from industry, government, and academia to learn, share, and shape the future of lighting.
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts
About the About the Program Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on AddThis.com... Contacts Partnerships Solid-State Lighting Contacts For information about Solid-State Lighting, contact James Brodrick Lighting Program Manager Building Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy
Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls
Adaptive Street Lighting Adaptive Street Lighting Controls to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Adaptive Street Lighting Controls This two-part DOE Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium webinar focused on LED street lighting equipped with adaptive control components.
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos
Solid-State Lighting Videos to Solid-State Lighting Videos to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Solid-State Lighting Videos On this page you can access DOE Solid-State Lighting (SSL) Program videos. Photo of a museum art gallery with LED lights in track fixtures overhead. The City of Los Angeles LED Streetlight Program
Per-Pixel Lighting Data Analysis
This report presents a framework for per-pixel analysis of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of luminous environments. Recognizing the need for better lighting analysis capabilities and appreciating the new measurement abilities developed within the LBNL Lighting Measurement and Simulation Toolbox, ''Per-pixel Lighting Data Analysis'' project demonstrates several techniques for analyzing luminance distribution patterns, luminance ratios, adaptation luminance and glare assessment. The techniques are the syntheses of the current practices in lighting design and the unique practices that can be done with per-pixel data availability. Demonstrated analysis techniques are applicable to both computer-generated and digitally captured images (physically-based renderings and High Dynamic Range photographs).
Inanici, Mehlika
Emerging Lighting Technology
Emerging Lighting Technology Emerging Lighting Technology Bruce Kinzey Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FUPWG - Portland, OR April 20, 2011 www.ssl.energy.gov 2 | Solid-State Lighting Program GATEWAY Demonstration Program * Purpose: demonstrate new SSL products in real-world applications that save energy, match or improve illumination, and are cost- effective * Demos generate critical field experience providing: - Feedback to manufacturers - Data for utility incentives - Market readiness of specific applications to users - Advancement in lighting knowledge Central Park, NY Photo: Ryan Pyle Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C. Photo: Scott Rosenfeld www.ssl.energy.gov 3 | Solid-State Lighting Program LED Product Explosion www.ssl.energy.gov 4 | Solid-State Lighting Program LEDs are Not a Universal Lighting
Photonic crystal light source
A light source is provided by a photonic crystal having an enhanced photonic density-of-states over a band of frequencies and wherein at least one of the dielectric materials of the photonic crystal has a complex dielectric constant, thereby producing enhanced light emission at the band of frequencies when the photonic crystal is heated. The dielectric material can be a metal, such as tungsten. The spectral properties of the light source can be easily tuned by modification of the photonic crystal structure and materials. The photonic crystal light source can be heated electrically or other heating means. The light source can further include additional photonic crystals that exhibit enhanced light emission at a different band of frequencies to provide for color mixing. The photonic crystal light source may have applications in optical telecommunications, information displays, energy conversion, sensors, and other optical applications.
Fleming, James G. (Albuquerque, NM); Lin, Shawn-Yu (Albuquerque, NM); Bur, James A. (Corrales, NM)
Evolution in lighting
Lights consume 20-25% of the nation's electricity, establishing strong incentives to develop more efficient lighting strategies. Attention is turning to where, when, and how we light our environment, and the potential savings add up to half the lighting load nationwide. Some types of lamp are more efficient than others, but characteristics other than energy consumption may dictate where they can be used. Current lighting strategies consider task requirements, light quality, and the potential for daylighting. Energy management systems that control the timing and intensity of light and new types of energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures are increasingly attractive to consumers. The effort will require continued research and the awareness of decision makers. 4 references, 8 figures.
Lihach, N.; Pertusiello, S.
Advances in Lighting
Increasing electricity costs have made a significant impact on lighting. The Illuminating Engineering society (I.E.S.) and the lighting industry are producing new standards, procedures and products to make lighting more appropriate and energy efficient. This paper will describe the factors which affect the performance of lighting systems, introduce the new I.E.S. procedures for selecting illuminance values and lighting power limits, and illustrate some of the recent developments in the lighting industry. The importance of efficient lighting may be measured by the potential reduction in the electrical demand, and energy consumed. Since it also represents a visible use (or misuse) of energy, it may also reflect on other aspects of a company's energy management program.
Tumber, A. J.
Industrial lighting handbook
Technological advances in industrial lighting system components now make it possible to reduce lighting system consumption by up to 50% or more without loss of the benefits inherent in good quality electric illumination. Management involvement in decisions about industrial lighting is essential, however, and this document provides generalized information in lay terms to help decision-makers become familiar with the concerns that affect industrial environment and the financial well-being of their companies. The five sections (1) discuss the benefits of good lighting, (2) review certain major lighting issues and terms, (3) identify procedures for developing a lighting energy management plan, (4) identify lighting energy management options (LEMOs), and (5) discuss sources of assistance. 19 figures, 8 tables.
Energy Basics: Lighting and Daylighting
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
by using artificial lighting, or by using daylighting, or the process of using natural sunlight, windows, and skylights to provide lighting. Learn more about: Lighting Daylighting...
Lighting in Commercial Buildings, 1986
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
6 Lighting in Commercial Buildings Lighting in Commercial Buildings --1986 Overview Full Report and Tables Detailed analysis of energy consumption for lighting for U.S. commercial...
Lighting Daylighting Passive Solar Design Space Heating & Cooling Water Heating Lighting and Daylighting Buildings can be lit in two ways: by using artificial lighting, or by...
Northern Lights, Inc (Washington) | Open Energy Information
Lights, Inc (Washington) Lights, Inc (Washington) Jump to: navigation, search Name Northern Lights, Inc Place Washington Utility Id 13758 References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File2_2010[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates Residential: $0.0982/kWh References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File2_2010" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Lights,_Inc_(Washington)&oldid=412730" Categories: EIA Utility Companies and Aliases Utility Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop
Solid-State Lighting Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Past Conferences Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Workshop Nearly 200 lighting industry leaders, chip makers, fixture and component
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting | Department...
and compact fluorescent lights. And I've already purchased a few of the new light emitting diode (LED) solid-state lighting lights-but that's the topic of a future blog. Stay...
LightBox -Exploring Interaction Modalities with Colored Light
-bright multi- colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of our system can generate any visible lighting color
Lighting the Night: Technology, Urban Life and the Evolution of Street Lighting [Light in Place
Electrical 16. "Highway Lighting by So� dium Vapor Lamps,"Possibilities of Street: Lighting Improve� ments," TheLaunches Broad Street Lighting Promotion Campaign," The
Holden, Alfred
May 1912), 783. 8. "New Street Lights Increase Trade 3 5 Perlight, including street light, became part of America'sBeautiful-inspired street� lights graced wealthy residen�
Light-Front Holography and the Light-Front Schrodinger Equation
One of the most important nonperturbative methods for solving QCD is quantization at fixed light-front time {tau} = t+z=c - Dirac's 'Front Form'. The eigenvalues of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian predict the hadron spectrum and the eigensolutions provide the light-front wavefunctions which describe hadron structure. More generally, we show that the valence Fock-state wavefunctions of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion, analogous to the nonrelativistic radial Schrodinger equation, with an effective confining potential U which systematically incorporates the effects of higher quark and gluon Fock states. We outline a method for computing the required potential from first principles in QCD. The holographic mapping of gravity in AdS space to QCD, quantized at fixed light-front time, yields the same light front Schrodinger equation; in fact, the soft-wall AdS/QCD approach provides a model for the light-front potential which is color-confining and reproduces well the light-hadron spectrum. One also derives via light-front holography a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in the fifth dimension of AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. The elastic and transition form factors of the pion and the nucleons are found to be well described in this framework. The light-front AdS/QCD holographic approach thus gives a frame-independent first approximation of the color-confining dynamics, spectroscopy, and excitation spectra of relativistic light-quark bound states in QCD.
Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Teramond, Guy
Arnold Schwarzenegger LIGHTING RESEARCH PROGRAM
Project Summaries ELEMENT 2: ADVANCE LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES PROJECT 2.1 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED light emitting diodes (LED) technology for general lighting applications by developing a task lamp
Solid-State Lighting: Tools
about Solid-State Lighting: Tools on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Tools on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Tools on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Tools on...
Solid-State Lighting: News
about Solid-State Lighting: News on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: News on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: News on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: News on...
High-Intensity Discharge Lighting
High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting provides the highest efficacy and longest service life of any lighting type. It can save 75%-90% of lighting energy when it replaces incandescent lighting.
Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting
Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting This November 19, 2013 webinar presented issues and considerations related to pedestrian-friendly nighttime lighting, such as color rendering, safety,
Lighting Research Group: Facilities
Facilities Facilities Lighting Research Facilities at LBNL gonio-photometer Gonio-photometer We use this device to measure the intensity and direction of the light from a lamp or fixture. integrating sphere Integrating sphere This instrument allows us to get a fast and accurate measurement of the total light output of a lamp. We are not able to determine the direction of the light, only the intensity. power analyzer Power analyzer We use our power analyzer with the lamps in the gonio-photometer to measure input power, harmonic distortion, power factor, and many other signals that tell us how well a lamp is performing. spectro-radiometer Spectro-radiometer This device measures not only the intensity of a light source but also the intensity of the light at each wavelength.
Lighting Group: Software
Software Software Lighting Software The Lighting Group has developed several computer programs in the course of conducting research on energy efficient lighting. Several of these programs have proven useful outside the research environment. One of the most popular programs for advanced lighting applications is Radiance. For more information on this program and its availability, click on the link below. RADIANCE Radiance is a suite of programs for the analysis and visualization of lighting in design. The primary advantage of Radiance over simpler lighting calculation and rendering tools is that there are no limitations on the geometry or the materials that may be simulated. Radiance is used by architects and engineers to predict illumination, visual quality and appearance of innovative design spaces, and by researchers to evaluate new
Excited light isoscalar mesons from lattice QCD
I report a recent lattice QCD calculation of an excited spectrum of light isoscalar mesons, something that has up to now proved challenging for lattice QCD. With novel techniques we extract an extensive spectrum with high statistical precision, including spin-four states and, for the first time, light isoscalars with exotic quantum numbers. In addition, the hidden flavour content of these mesons is determined, providing a window on annihilation dynamics in QCD. I comment on future prospects including applications to the study of resonances.
Christopher Thomas
Applicant Organization: | Department of Energy
Applicant Organization: Applicant Organization: Applicant Organization: More Documents & Publications BlueFire Ethanol, Inc. Applicant Organization: Applicant Organization:...
Advanced Light Sources
In the generation of artificial light using electric lamps, photometric and color performance have been paramount in lamp design, manufacturing, measurement, lighting design, and visual perception. Many designers and researchers have strived to understand how light and color are generated, related, and to improve them. This has stemmed from the development of incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, linear fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) among other...
Red-green-blue polymer light-emitting diode pixels printed by optimized laser-induced forward transfer
Red-green-blue polymer light-emitting diode pixels printed by optimized laser-induced forward tri-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels. At reduced pressures, and with a defined donor already been used to fabricate basic small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)2,3 and polymeric
Effect of carbazoleoxadiazole excited-state complexes on the efficiency of dye-doped light-emitting diodes
a profound effect on the external quantum efficiency of dye-doped organic light-emitting diodes employing Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.1469692 I. INTRODUCTION Thin-film organic light-emitting diodes LEDsEffect of carbazoleoxadiazole excited-state complexes on the efficiency of dye-doped light-emitting
Light truck forecasts
The recent dramatic increase in the number of light trucks (109% between 1963 and 1974) has prompted concern about the energy consequences of the growing popularity of the light truck. An estimate of the future number of light trucks is considered to be a reasonable first step in assessing the energy impact of these vehicles. The monograph contains forecasts based on two models and six scenarios. The coefficients for the models have been derived by ordinary least squares regression of national level time series data. The first model is a two stage model. The first stage estimates the number of light trucks and cars (together), and the second stage applies a share's submodel to determine the number of light trucks. The second model is a simultaneous equation model. The two models track one another remarkably well, within about 2%. The scenarios were chosen to be consistent with those used in the Lindsey-Kaufman study Projection of Light Truck Population to Year 2025. Except in the case of the most dismal economic scenario, the number of light trucks is expected to increase from the 1974 level of 0.09 light truck per person to about 0.12 light truck per person in 1995.
Liepins, G.E.
NIST Stray light correction
... A correction, which can be done in real time, can reduce errors due to stray light by more than one order of magnitude. ...
Faster Than Light?
It is argued that special relativity remains a viable physical theory even when there is permitted signals traveling faster than light.
Robert Geroch
Energy Basics: Fluorescent Lighting
& Cooling Water Heating Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of...
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Site Lighting. This analysis is in support of design drawing BABBDF000-01717-2100-23016.
M. Gomez
Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends High Technology and Industrial Buildings Lighting Systems Residential Buildings Simulation Tools Sustainable Federal Operations Windows...
Photovoltaic lighting system performance
The performance of 21 PV-powered low pressure sodium lighting systems on a multi-use has been documented in this paper. Specific areas for evaluation include the vandal resistant PV modules, constant voltage and on/off PV charge controllers, flooded deep-cycle lead-antimony and valve regulated lead-acid (VLRA) gel batteries, and low pressure sodium ballasts and lights. The PV lighting system maintenance intervals and lessons learned have been documented over the past 2.5 years. The above performance data has shown that with careful hardware selection, installation, and maintenance intervals the PV lighting systems will operate reliably.
Harrington, S.R.; Hund, T.D.
Total Light Management
Light Management Light Management Why is saving Energy Important World Electricity Consumption (2007) Top 20 Countries 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 U n i t e d S t a t e s C h i n a J a p a n R u s s i a I n d i a G e r m a n y C a n a d a A f r i c a F r a n c e B r a z i l K o r e a , S o u t h U n i t e d K i n g d o m I t a l y S p a i n A u s t r a l i a T a i w a n S o u t h A f r i c a M e x i c o S a u d i A r a b i a I r a n Billion kWh Source: US DOE Energy Information Administration Lighting Control Strategies 4 5 6 Occupancy/Vacancy Sensing * The greatest energy savings achieved with any lighting fixture is when the lights are shut off * Minimize wasted light by providing occupancy sensing or vacancy sensing 7 8 Daylight Harvesting * Most commercial space has enough natural light flowing into it, and the amount of artificial light being generated can be unnecessary * Cut back on the production of artificial lighting by
Automating Lighting Design for Interactive Entertainment
Recent advances in computer graphics, particularly in real-time rendering, have caused major improvements in 3D graphics and rendering techniques used in interactive entertainment. In this paper, we focus on the scene lighting process, which we define as the process of configuring the number of lights used in a scene, their properties (e.g. range and attenuation), positions, angles, and colors. Lighting design is well known among designers, directors, and visual artists for its vital role in influencing viewers� perception by evoking moods, directing their gaze to important areas (i.e. providing visual focus), and conveying visual tension. It is, however, difficult to set positions, angles, or colors for lights within interactive scenes to accommodate these design goals, because an interactive scene�s spatial and dramatic configuration, including mood, dramatic intensity, and the relative importance of different characters, change unpredictably in real-time. There are several techniques developed by the game industry that establish spectacular real-time lighting effects within 3-D interactive environments. These techniques are often time and labor intensive. In addition, they are not easily used to dynamically mold the visual design to convey communicative, dramatic, and aesthetic functions as addressed in creative disciplines, such as art, film, and theatre. In this paper, we present a new real-time lighting design model based on cinematic and theatric lighting design theory. The proposed model is designed to automatically, and in real-time, adjust lighting in an interactive scene accommodating the dramatic, aesthetic, and communicative functions described by traditional lighting design theories while accommodating artistic constraints concerning style, visual continuity, and aesthetic function.
Magy Seif El-nasr; Ian Hosrwill
En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) | Open Energy Information
En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Environment Programme Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Buildings Topics: Resource assessment Website: hqweb.enlighten-initiative.org/CountrySupport/CountryLightingAssessmen En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) Screenshot References: CLAs[1] Logo: En.lighten Country Lighting Assessments (CLAs) About "A large scale shift to efficient lighting is one of the most effective and economically advantageous means to combat climate change. In order to demonstrate the potential opportunities in terms of CO2 emissions reduction and financial economies to be realized by countries that adopt efficient
Slide Template (Light Background)
... technologies for energy and chemical production from biodegradable ... organic degradation, salt removal, and energy production (ONR, NSF) ...
Lakeview Light and Power - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program | Department
Lakeview Light and Power - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program Lakeview Light and Power - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program Lakeview Light and Power - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government Local Government Nonprofit State Government Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info Funding Source Funded by Bonneville Power Administration Expiration Date 9/1/2013 State District of Columbia Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Commercial Lighting Installation: Up to 70% of cost Provider Lakeview Light and Power Lakeview Light and Power offers a commercial lighting rebate program. Rebates apply to the installation of energy efficient lighting retrofits in non-residential buildings. The rebate program is funded by BPA and ends in September of 2010 or earlier if the funding is exhausted. Lakeview Light
Light control of the flow of phototactic microswimmer suspensions
Some micro-algae are sensitive to light intensity gradients. This property is known as phototaxis: the algae swim toward a light source (positive phototaxis). We use this property to control the motion of micro-algae within a Poiseuille flow using light. The combination of flow vorticity and phototaxis results in a concentration of algae around the center of the flow. Intermittent light exposure allows analysis of the dynamics of this phenomenon and its reversibility. With this phenomenon, we hope to pave the way toward new algae concentration techniques (a bottleneck challenge in hydrogen algal production) and toward the improvement of pollutant bio-detector technology.
Xabel Garcia; Salima Rafa�; Philippe Peyla
Light-Front Holographic QCD
The relation between the hadronic short-distance constituent quark and gluon particle limit and the long-range confining domain is yet one of the most challenging aspects of particle physics due to the strong coupling nature of Quantum Chromodynamics, the fundamental theory of the strong interactions. The central question is how one can compute hadronic properties from first principles; i.e., directly from the QCD Lagrangian. The most successful theoretical approach thus far has been to quantize QCD on discrete lattices in Euclidean space-time. Lattice numerical results follow from computation of frame-dependent moments of distributions in Euclidean space and dynamical observables in Minkowski spacetime, such as the time-like hadronic form factors, are not amenable to Euclidean lattice computations. The Dyson-Schwinger methods have led to many important insights, such as the infrared fixed point behavior of the strong coupling constant, but in practice, the analyses are limited to ladder approximation in Landau gauge. Baryon spectroscopy and the excitation dynamics of nucleon resonances encoded in the nucleon transition form factors can provide fundamental insight into the strong-coupling dynamics of QCD. New theoretical tools are thus of primary interest for the interpretation of the results expected at the new mass scale and kinematic regions accessible to the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade Project. The AdS/CFT correspondence between gravity or string theory on a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and conformal field theories in physical space-time has led to a semiclassical approximation for strongly-coupled QCD, which provides physical insights into its nonperturbative dynamics. The correspondence is holographic in the sense that it determines a duality between theories in different number of space-time dimensions. This geometric approach leads in fact to a simple analytical and phenomenologically compelling nonperturbative approximation to the full light-front QCD Hamiltonian 'Light-Front Holography'. Light-Front Holography is in fact one of the most remarkable features of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The Hamiltonian equation of motion in the light-front (LF) is frame independent and has a structure similar to eigenmode equations in AdS space. This makes a direct connection of QCD with AdS/CFT methods possible. Remarkably, the AdS equations correspond to the kinetic energy terms of the partons inside a hadron, whereas the interaction terms build confinement and correspond to the truncation of AdS space in an effective dual gravity approximation. One can also study the gauge/gravity duality starting from the bound-state structure of hadrons in QCD quantized in the light-front. The LF Lorentz-invariant Hamiltonian equation for the relativistic bound-state system is P{sub {mu}}P{sup {mu}}|{psi}(P)> = (P{sup +}P{sup -} - P{sub {perpendicular}}{sup 2})|{psi}(P)> = M{sup 2}|{psi}(P)>, P{sup {+-}} = P{sup 0} {+-} P{sup 3}, where the LF time evolution operator P{sup -} is determined canonically from the QCD Lagrangian. To a first semiclassical approximation, where quantum loops and quark masses are not included, this leads to a LF Hamiltonian equation which describes the bound-state dynamics of light hadrons in terms of an invariant impact variable {zeta} which measures the separation of the partons within the hadron at equal light-front time {tau} = x{sup 0} + x{sup 3}. This allows us to identify the holographic variable z in AdS space with an impact variable {zeta}. The resulting Lorentz-invariant Schroedinger equation for general spin incorporates color confinement and is systematically improvable. Light-front holographic methods were originally introduced by matching the electromagnetic current matrix elements in AdS space with the corresponding expression using LF theory in physical space time. It was also shown that one obtains identical holographic mapping using the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor by perturbing the AdS metric around its static solution. A gravity dual to QCD is not known, but th
Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; de Teramond, Guy F.; /Costa Rica U.
Quantum Dot Light Enhancement Substrate for OLED Solid-State Lighting
With DOE Award No. DE-EE00000628, QD Vision developed and demonstrated a cost-competitive solution for increasing the light extraction efficiency of OLEDs with efficient and stable color rendering index (CRI) for solid state lighting (SSL). Solution processable quantum dot (QD) films were integrated into OLED ITO-glass substrates to generate tunable white emission from blue emitting OLED) devices as well as outcouple light from the ITO film. This QD light-enhancement substrate (QD-LED) technology demonstrated a 60% increase in OLED forward light out-coupling, a value which increases to 76% when considering total increase in multi-directional light output. The objective for the first year was an 80% increase in light output. This project seeks to develop and demonstrate a cost-competitive solution for realizing increased extraction efficiency organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) with efficient and stable color rendering index (CRI) for SSL. Solution processible quantum dot (QD) films will be utilized to generate tunable white emission from blue emitting phosphorescent OLED (Ph-OLED) devices.
James Perkins; Matthew Stevenson; Gagan Mahan; Seth Coe-Sullivan; Peter Kazlas
Hybrid lighting: Illuminating our future
Hybrid lighting is a combination of natural and artificial illumination to be used indoors for all lighting needs. Ideally, hybrid lighting is effectively indistinguishable from standard artificial lighting except in quality and cost, where it will likely be an improvement. Hybrid lighting systems are produced by a combination of four technologies: collecting natural light, generating artificial light, transporting and distributing light to where it is needed, and controlling the amounts of both natural and artificial light continuously during usage. Lighting demands a large fraction of our energy needs. If we can control or decrease this demand, we are able to accommodate societal growth without energy demand growth.
Cates, M.R.
Energy conserving automatic light output system
An energy conserving lighting system is provided wherein a plurality of fluorescent lamps are powered by a poorly regulated voltage source power supply which provides a decreasing supply voltage with increasing arc current so as to generally match the volt-ampere characteristics of the lamps. A transistor ballast and control circuit connected in the arc current path controls the arc current, and hence the light output, in accordance with the total ambient light, i.e., the light produced by the lamps together with whatever further light is produced by other sources such as daylight. In another embodiment, a transistor ballast is utilized in combination with an inductive ballast. The transistor ballast provides current control over a wide dynamic range up to a design current maximum at which maximum the transistor is saturated and the inductive ballast takes over the current limiting function. An operational amplifier is preferably connected in the base biassing circuit of the control transistor of the transistor ballast. In an embodiment wherein two sets of lamps with separate inductive ballasts are provided, the arc currents for the two ballasts are scaled or matched to provide the desired light output.
Widmayer, D.F.
The gravity of light
A solution of the old problem raised by Tolman, Ehrenfest, Podolsky and Wheeler, concerning the lack of attraction of two light pencils "moving parallel", is proposed, considering that the light can be source of nonlinear gravitational waves corresponding (in the would be quantum theory of gravity) to spin-1 massless particles.
G. Sparano; G. Vilasi; S. Vilasi
Light intensity compressor
In a system for recording images having vastly differing light intensities over the face of the image, a light intensity compressor is provided that utilizes the properties of twisted nematic liquid crystals to compress the image intensity. A photoconductor or photodiode material that is responsive to the wavelength of radiation being recorded is placed adjacent a layer of twisted nematic liquid crystal material. An electric potential applied to a pair of electrodes that are disposed outside of the liquid crystal/photoconductor arrangement to provide an electric field in the vicinity of the liquid crystal material. The electrodes are substantially transparent to the form of radiation being recorded. A pair of crossed polarizers are provided on opposite sides of the liquid crystal. The front polarizer linearly polarizes the light, while the back polarizer cooperates with the front polarizer and the liquid crystal material to compress the intensity of a viewed scene. Light incident upon the intensity compressor activates the photoconductor in proportion to the intensity of the light, thereby varying the field applied to the liquid crystal. The increased field causes the liquid crystal to have less of a twisting effect on the incident linearly polarized light, which will cause an increased percentage of the light to be absorbed by the back polarizer. The intensity of an image may be compressed by forming an image on the light intensity compressor.
Rushford, Michael C. (Livermore, CA)
Explosively pumped laser light
A single shot laser pumped by detonation of an explosive in a shell casing. The shock wave from detonation of the explosive causes a rare gas to luminesce. The high intensity light from the gas enters a lasing medium, which thereafter outputs a pulse of laser light to disable optical sensors and personnel.
Piltch, Martin S. (Los Alamos, NM); Michelotti, Roy A. (Los Alamos, NM)
Induction Lighting: An Old Lighting Technology Made New Again | Department
Induction Lighting: An Old Lighting Technology Made New Again Induction Lighting: An Old Lighting Technology Made New Again Induction Lighting: An Old Lighting Technology Made New Again July 27, 2009 - 5:00am Addthis John Lippert Induction lighting is one of the best kept secrets in energy-efficient lighting. Simply stated, induction lighting is essentially a fluorescent light without electrodes or filaments, the items that frequently cause other bulbs to burn out quickly. Thus, many induction lighting units have an extremely long life of up to 100,000 hours. To put this in perspective, an induction lighting system lasting 100,000 hours will last more than 11 years in continuous 24/7 operation, and 25 years if operated 10 hours a day. The technology, however, is far from new. Nikola Tesla demonstrated induction lighting in the late 1890s around the same time that his rival,
Columbia Water and Light - HVAC and Lighting Efficiency Rebates |
Columbia Water and Light - HVAC and Lighting Efficiency Rebates Columbia Water and Light - HVAC and Lighting Efficiency Rebates Columbia Water and Light - HVAC and Lighting Efficiency Rebates < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate Lighting: 50% of invoiced cost up to $22,500 Program Info State Missouri Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount HVAC Replacements: $570 - $3,770 Lighting: $300/kW reduction or half of project cost Provider Columbia Water and Light Columbia Water and Light (CWL) offers rebates to its commercial and industrial customers for the purchase of high efficiency HVAC installations and efficient lighting. Incentives for certain measures are based upon the
Proceedings from the 5th International Symposium on Light and Human Health: November 3-5, 2002, Orlando, Florida--EPRI Lighting Rese arch Office
The 5th EPRI/LRO Lighting Research Symposium (November, 2002) was organized to present and examine current research information on the subject of Light and Human Health in response to a growing sense that light -- both electric lighting and daylighting -- impacts human beings well beyond what has been traditionally studied as vision and visual performance. This Final Report of the Symposium is a collection of 23 presented and seven poster papers grouped under the following headings: I � Medical App...
Reading Municipal Light Department - Business Lighting Rebate Program |
Reading Municipal Light Department - Business Lighting Rebate Reading Municipal Light Department - Business Lighting Rebate Program Reading Municipal Light Department - Business Lighting Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Schools State Government Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate Commercial Customers: $10,000 per calendar year Municipal Customers: $15,000 per calendar year Program Info State Massachusetts Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount T-8/T-5 Lamp with Electronic Ballasts: $11 - $35/fixture Interior High Output Lamp with Electronic Ballasts: $100/fixture De-lamping: $4 - $9/lamp Lighting Sensors: $20/sensor LED Exit Signs: $20/fixture Provider Incentive Programs
> 0.001 mol % typically have ethane > ethylene, propane > propylene, and butane > butylene. There are three end member fluid compositions: type 1 fluids in which...
Bacillus anthracis genome organization in light of whole transcriptome sequencing
Emerging knowledge of whole prokaryotic transcriptomes could validate a number of theoretical concepts introduced in the early days of genomics. What are the rules connecting gene expression levels with sequence determinants such as quantitative scores of promoters and terminators? Are translation efficiency measures, e.g. codon adaptation index and RBS score related to gene expression? We used the whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing of a bacterial pathogen Bacillus anthracis to assess correlation of gene expression level with promoter, terminator and RBS scores, codon adaptation index, as well as with a new measure of gene translational efficiency, average translation speed. We compared computational predictions of operon topologies with the transcript borders inferred from RNA-Seq reads. Transcriptome mapping may also improve existing gene annotation. Upon assessment of accuracy of current annotation of protein-coding genes in the B. anthracis genome we have shown that the transcriptome data indicate existence of more than a hundred genes missing in the annotation though predicted by an ab initio gene finder. Interestingly, we observed that many pseudogenes possess not only a sequence with detectable coding potential but also promoters that maintain transcriptional activity.
Martin, Jeffrey; Zhu, Wenhan; Passalacqua, Karla D.; Bergman, Nicholas; Borodovsky, Mark
Functional Polymer Architectures for Solution Processed Organic Light Emitting Diodes
OLED emitter and indium tin oxide (ITO) as the transparentanode (typically indium tin oxide, ITO) and the cathode (solution on pre-treated indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass
Poulsen, Daniel Andrew
Microdisplays based upon organic light-emitting diodes
Microdisplays, some of which exploit the dense electronic circuitry in a silicon chip, are enabling a new wave of ultraportable information products, including headsets for viewing movies and cell phones with full-screen Internet access. This paper reports ...
W. E. Howard; O. F. Prache
Organic light-emitting diodes with carbon nanotube cathode ...
parent indium-tin-oxide !IT O " anode in combination with ... Of�ce of Ener gy Ef�ciency and Renewable Ener gy , under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1 1231. 1C. W .
Light and Bread Mold
Light and Bread Mold Light and Bread Mold Name: CHASE Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: HOW CAN I EFICTIVELY TEST THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON BREAD MOLD? Replies: Hello Chase, In order to test the effects of light on bread mould you need to set up an experiment. There are two things you need to have in your experiment to make it a good experiment: 1. A 'control'. 2. Replicates 1. The 'control' Obviously in order to test the effects of light on bread mold you will need to actually shine some light on some bread mold and see what happens. This is your 'treatment'. However, it is vitally important that you know what would have happened without the treatment (in this case added light). Let's pretend that you do a test a you find that the bread mold under the light actually dies. How do you know if your bread mold died because light was added or because at that time of year all bread mold would die naturally or because by adding light you caused the temperature to rise and that killed the bread mold? The answer is that you do not know unless you have taken the trouble to find out with anouther test called the 'control'. The 'control' is a piece of bread mold, identical to the 'treatment' bread mold, which is placed in identical conditions to the 'treatment' piece of bread mold except that light is removed. Your 'control' piece of bread mold will need to be (to the best of your abillity) at the same temperature, in the same area, at similar humidity, etc. Part of the skill of designing a scientific experiment is being able think of all the possible things which might be affecting the bread mold and keeping them the same in both the 'treatment' and the 'control' (except, of course, for the presence of light) so that when you find a difference between the 'treatment' and the 'control' you are sure that it is the result of the light rather than something else.
Lighting fundamentals handbook: Lighting fundamentals and principles for utility personnel
Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of overall electricity use and demand in commercial buildings. This handbook for utility personnel provides a source of basic information on lighting principles, lighting equipment, and other considerations related to lighting design. The handbook is divided into three parts. Part One, Physics of Light, has chapters on light, vision, optics, and photometry. Part Two, Lighting Equipment and Technology, focuses on lamps, luminaires, and lighting controls. Part Three, Lighting Design Decisions, deals with the manner in which lighting design decisions are made and reviews relevant methods and issues. These include the quantity and quality of light needed for visual tasks, calculation methods for verifying that lighting needs are satisfied, lighting economics and methods for evaluating investments in efficient lighting systems, and miscellaneous design issues including energy codes, power quality, photobiology, and disposal of lighting equipment. The handbook contains a discussion of the role of the utility in promoting the use of energy-efficient lighting. The handbook also includes a lighting glossary and a list of references for additional information. This convenient and comprehensive handbook is designed to enable utility lighting personnel to assist their customers in developing high-quality, energy-efficient lighting systems. The handbook is not intended to be an up-to-date reference on lighting products and equipment.
Eley, C.; Tolen, T. (Eley (Charles) Associates, San Francisco, CA (United States)); Benya, J.R. (Luminae Souter Lighting Design, San Francisco, CA (United States))
EK101 Engineering Light Project: Evaluate Residential Lighting
the same level of performance in the LED Lighting product solution (retrofit light bulb, ceiling lighting minute of networking refreshments will be served) Thinking Differently about LED Lighting Dr. Matthew A, LEDs have emerged as the next "filament" for the lighting industry. While LEDs are not new
Advanced Light Source
the charging and discharging dynamics of lithium iron phosphate, a promising positive battery electrode. Summary Slide Handout Read more... ALS in the News Roman Seawater...
Nonlinear longitudinal dynamics studies at the ALS
dynamics studies at the ALS J. M. Byrd � , W-H Cheng, S.MV 4.5 mm Table 1: Nominal ALS longitudinal parameters. "in the Advanced Light Source (ALS), an electron storage ring
Byrd, J.M.; Cheng, W.-H.; De Santis, S.; Li, D.; Stupakov, G.; Zimmermann, F.
High efficiency light emitting diode with anisotropically etched GaN-sapphire interface
High efficiency light emitting diode with anisotropically etched GaN- sapphire interface M. H. Lo and optimization of a light-emitting diode projection micro-stereolithography three-dimensional manufacturingGaN micro-light emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 231110 (2012) A bright cadmium-free, hybrid organic
Generation and Manipulation of Multi-Color Stationary Light Field Using Electromagnetically Induced Transperancy
Dynamic control of a weak quantum probe light pulse for the generation and quantum manipulations of a stationary multi-color (MC-) light field in a resonant coherent atomic medium using electromagnetically induced transparency is proposed. The manipulations have been analyzed based on the analytical solution of the adiabatic limit in the evolution of MC-light fields resulting from interaction of the slow probe light with the new fields generated in the nondegenerate multi-wave mixing scheme. We have found a critical stopping condition for the MC-light fields where the group velocity of light should reduce down to zero. Semiclassical dynamics and behavior of specific quantum correlations of the MC-light fields have been studied in detail for particular initial quantum states of the probe pulse. The stationary MC-field dynamics are treated in terms of dark MC-polariton states constructed for the studied multi-wave mixing processes. We have found the conditions for optimal manipulation of the MC-light while preserving the delicate quantum correlations of the initial probe light pulse. The quantum manipulations leading to the frequency and direction switching of the initial probe light pulse as well as to the quantum swapping of probe light into the new multi-frequency light fields have been proposed. The possibilities of the interaction time lengthening and enhancement of the electric field amplitudes of the stationary MC-light are also discussed for enhancement of the interactions with weak quantum fields in the spatially limited media.
S. A. Moiseev; B. S. Ham
Green Light Pulse Oximeter
A reflectance pulse oximeter that determines oxygen saturation of hemoglobin using two sources of electromagnetic radiation in the green optical region, which provides the maximum reflectance pulsation spectrum. The use of green light allows placement of an oximetry probe at central body sites (e.g., wrist, thigh, abdomen, forehead, scalp, and back). Preferably, the two green light sources alternately emit light at 560 nm and 577 nm, respectively, which gives the biggest difference in hemoglobin extinction coefficients between deoxyhemoglobin, RHb, and oxyhemoglobin, HbO.sub.2.
Scharf, John Edward (Oldsmar, FL)
White light velocity interferometer
The invention is a technique that allows the use of broadband and incoherent illumination. Although denoted white light velocimetry, this principle can be applied to any wave phenomenon. For the first time, powerful, compact or inexpensive sources can be used for remote target velocimetry. These include flash and arc lamps, light from detonations, pulsed lasers, chirped frequency lasers, and lasers operating simultaneously in several wavelengths. The technique is demonstrated with white light from an incandescent source to measure a target moving at 16 m/s. 41 figs.
Erskine, D.J.
Entangled states of light
These notes are more or less a faithful representation of my talk at the Workshop on ``Quantum Coding and Quantum Computing'' held at the University of Virginia. As such it is an introduction for non-physicists to the topics of the quantum theory of light and entangled states of light. In particular, I discuss the photon concept and what is really entangled in an entangled state of light (it is not the photons). Moreover, I discuss an example that highlights the peculiar behavior of entanglement in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.
S. J. van Enk
The invention is a technique that allows the use of broadband and incoherent illumination. Although denoted white light velocimetry, this principle can be applied to any wave phenomenon. For the first time, powerful, compact or inexpensive sources can be used for remote target velocimetry. These include flash and arc lamps, light from detonations, pulsed lasers, chirped frequency lasers, and lasers operating simultaneously in several wavelengths. The technique is demonstrated with white light from an incandescent source to measure a target moving at 16 m/s.
Erskine, David J. (Oakland, CA)
A control system for a projection kinescope used in a facsimile scanning system and, in particular, meams for maintaining substantially constant the light emanating from the flying spot on the face of the kinescope are described. In general, the invention provides a feeler member disposed in such a position with respect to a projecting lens as to intercept a portion of the light striking the lens. Suitable circuitry in conjunction with a photomultiplier tube provides a signal proportional to the light intensity of the flying spot. The grid bias on the kinescope is controlled by this signal to maintain the intensity of the spot substantially constant.
Artzt, M.
Lighting Group: Controls: IBECS
IBECS IBECS Integrated Building Environmental Communications System Objective The overall technical goal of the IBECS project is to develop an integrated building equipment communications network that will allow appropriate automation of lighting and envelope systems to increase energy efficiency, improve building performance, and enhance occupant experience in the space. This network will provide a low-cost means for occupants to control local lighting and window systems, thereby improving occupant comfort, satisfaction and performance. A related goal is to improve existing lighting control components and accelerate development of new daylighting technologies that will allow daylighting to be more extensively applied to a larger proportion of building floor space.
Lighting Basics | Department of Energy
Lighting Basics Lighting Basics Lighting Basics August 15, 2013 - 5:12pm Addthis Text Version There are many different types of artificial lights, all of which have different applications and uses. Types of lighting include: Fluorescent Lighting High-intensity Discharge Lighting Incandescent Lighting LED Lighting Low-pressure Sodium Lighting. Which type is best depends on the application. See the chart below for a comparison of lighting types. Lighting Comparison Chart Lighting Type Efficacy (lumens/watt) Lifetime (hours) Color Rendition Index (CRI) Color Temperature (K) Indoors/Outdoors Fluorescent Straight Tube 30-110 7000-24,000 50-90 (fair to good) 2700-6500 (warm to cold) Indoors/outdoors Compact Fluorescent 50-70 10,000 65-88 (good) 2700-6500 (warm to cold) Indoors/outdoors
Lighting Renovations | Department of Energy
Lighting Renovations Lighting Renovations Lighting Renovations October 16, 2013 - 4:54pm Addthis When undertaking a lighting renovation in a Federal building, daylighting is the primary renewable energy opportunity. Photovoltaics (PV) also present an excellent opportunity. While this guide focuses on the renewable energy opportunities, energy efficiency may also present amble opportunity for energy and cost savings. Renewable Energy Options for Lighting Renovations Daylighting Photovoltaics Daylighting Daylighting maximizes the use of natural light in a space to reduce the need for artificial lighting. Incorporating daylighting into a lighting strategy should occur during the planning stage of design since it affects all aspects. Ambient light dimming controls are critical in daylighting, since the
Light Water Reactors Technology Development - Nuclear Reactors
Light Water Reactors Light Water Reactors About Director's Welcome Organization Achievements Highlights Fact Sheets, Brochures & Other Documents Multimedia Library Visit Argonne Work with Argonne Contact us Nuclear Energy Why Nuclear Energy? Why are some people afraid of Nuclear Energy? How do nuclear reactors work? Cheaper & Safer Nuclear Energy Helping to Solve the Nuclear Waste Problem Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Reactors Early Exploration Training Reactors Basic and Applied Science Research LWR Technology Development BORAX-III lighting Arco, Idaho (Press Release) Heavy Water and Graphite Reactors Fast Reactor Technology Integral Fast Reactor Argonne Reactor Tree CP-1 70th Anniversary CP-1 70th Anniversary Argonne's Nuclear Science and Technology Legacy Argonne's Nuclear Science and Technology Legacy
AFRD - Advanced Light Source Accelerator Physics
ALS Accelerator Physics ALS Accelerator Physics Home Organization Outreach and Diversity News Highlights Safety Links Intramural FPO Accelerator Physics Group This page and the Group's own site emphasize the continuing effort to improve the performance and versatility of the accelerator-related systems of the ALS. If you want to start with a nontechnical explanation of what synchrotron light is, how scientists use it, and how the Advanced Light Source works, try About the ALS. The research performed using beams from the ALS is a vast topic that spans many scientific disciplines; a good overview with in-depth links is available at the ALS Science Briefs page. The ALS is a synchrotron light source based on a low-emittance electron storage ring with a nominal energy of 1.9 GeV. Since the machine
Reading Comprehension - Organs and Organ Systems
together in a group make up an organ system. Examples of organ systems are cats and dogs the circulatory system and the respiratory system the stomacular system and...
Solid-State Lighting: 2013 Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing...
2013 Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing R&D Workshop Presentations and Materials to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: 2013 Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing R&D...
Peninsula Light Company - Commercial Efficient Lighting Rebate Program |
Peninsula Light Company - Commercial Efficient Lighting Rebate Peninsula Light Company - Commercial Efficient Lighting Rebate Program Peninsula Light Company - Commercial Efficient Lighting Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info State District of Columbia Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount General: 30% - 70% of cost Provider Peninsula Light Company Peninsula Light Company (PLC) offers a rebate program for commercial customers who wish to upgrade to energy efficient lighting. Participating customers must be served by PLC commercial service. Customers who upgrade to highly efficient fixtures and systems are eligible to receive a rebate generally covering 30% - 70% of the project cost. These retrofits improve light quality and reduce energy costs in participating facilities. PLC
Organic materials with nonlinear optical properties
The present invention is directed to organic materials that have the ability to double or triple the frequency of light that is directed through the materials. Particularly, the present invention is directed to the compound 4-[4-(2R)-2-cyano-7-(4'-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonyloxy)phenylheptylidene) phenylcarbonyloxy]benzaldehyde, which can double the frequency of light that is directed through the compound. The invention is also directed to the compound (12-hydroxy-5,7-dodecadiynyl) 4'-[(4'-pentyloxy-4-biphenyl)carbonyloxy]-4-biphenylcarboxylate, and its polymeric form. The polymeric form can triple the frequency of light directed through it.
Stupp, Samuel I. (Champaign, IL); Son, Sehwan (Savoy, IL); Lin, Hong-Cheu (Taipei, TW)
The present invention is directed to organic materials that have the ability to double or triple the frequency of light that is directed through the materials. Particularly, the present invention is directed to the compound 4-[4-(2R)-2-cyano-7-(4{prime}-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonyloxy)phenylheptylidenephenylcarbonyloxy]benzaldehyde, which can double the frequency of light that is directed through the compound. The invention is also directed to the compound (12-hydroxy-5,7-dodecadiynyl)-4{prime}-[(4{prime}-pentyloxy-4-biphenyl)carbonyloxy]-4-biphenylcarboxylate, and its polymeric form. The polymeric form can triple the frequency of light directed through it. 4 figs.
Stupp, S.I.; Son, S.; Lin, H.C.
Light Vector Mesons
This article reviews the current status of experimental results obtained in the measurement of light vector mesons produced in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions at different energies. The review is focused on two phenomena related to the light vector mesons; the modification of the spectral shape in search of Chiral symmetry restoration and suppression of the meson production in heavy ion collisions. The experimental results show that the spectral shape of light vector mesons are modified compared to the parameters measured in vacuum. The nature and the magnitude of the modification depends on the energy density of the media in which they are produced. The suppression patterns of light vector mesons are different from the measurements of other mesons and baryons. The mechanisms responsible for the suppression of the mesons are not yet understood. Systematic comparison of existing experimental results points to the missing data which may help to resolve the problem.
Alexander Milov
Light Duty Vehicle Pathways
in 2030 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Million BarrelsDay IMPORTS DOMESTIC OIL SUPPLY OIL DEMAND ELECTRICITY RES. & COM. INDUSTRY MISC. TRANSPORT AIR TRUCKS LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES ETHANOL...
General Light Metals
Mar 3, 2011 ... A detailed literature survey indicates that vacuum sintering is able to produce ... In recent years, there is a high demand for light-weight metals foams. ... Each powder mixture's composition is determined by response surface�...
Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of 30-110 lumens per watt). They...
Energy Basics: LED Lighting
positivenegative junction of the diode, the electrons slow down to orbit at a lower energy level. The electrons emit the excess energy as photons of light. LEDs are often used...
Lots of Light Literature
Lots of Light Literature Lots of Light Literature The Teacher Resource Center contains a great variety of resources for all areas of science K-12. For the concepts of light here is a sampling of some of these resources. Science is Elementary - Spring 1995, vol. 6, no. 4. Science is Elementary is produced by the Museum Institute for Teaching Science, 79 Milk Street, Suite 210, Boston, MA 02109-3903. Science is Elementary is a newsletter we have admired for years. The topic of this issue deals with Color and Light. It contains content information to the teacher, trade secrets or teaching tips, "Book Looking" section and the section call "Sciencing" which includes a variety of activities. Science is Elementary is published quarterly. Subscription cost is: $22.00/year.
Lighting Search Search Help Solid-State Lighting HOME ABOUT THE PROGRAM R&D PROJECTS MARKET-BASED PROGRAMS SSL BASICS INFORMATION RESOURCES FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES EERE...
Commercial Lighting and LED Lighting Incentives (Vermont) | Open...
form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Commercial Lighting and LED Lighting Incentives (Vermont) This is the approved revision of this page, as well as...
Towards a poetics of light : the conceits of light.
??Towards a Poetics of Light; The Conceits of Light is a critical quest to map associations between rhetorical figures, psychological defences and spatial tropes in� (more)
Evans, M
Types of Lighting in Commercial Buildings - Lighting Characteristics
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
U.S. Lighting Market Characterization, Vol. 1: National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,...
Solid-State Lighting: Residential Lighting End-Use Consumption
Lighting End-Use Consumption Study aims to improve the understanding of lighting energy usage in U.S. residential dwellings using a regional estimation framework. The...
Columbia Water & Light- HVAC and Lighting Efficiency Rebates
Columbia Water & Light (CWL) offers rebates to its commercial and industrial customers for the purchase of high efficiency HVAC installations and efficient lighting. Incentives for certain...
Information for Media on Lighting Choices | Department of Energy
Media on Lighting Choices Media on Lighting Choices Information for Media on Lighting Choices July 30, 2012 - 8:25am Addthis Information for Media on Lighting Choices These videos, presentation, and images are available for use by media organizations. The materials are copyright-free, and you are welcome to cite the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy as the source. Public Service Announcements These PSAs educate consumers about saving money on their electric bill with new lighting choices and looking for "lumens," a new way to shop for light bulbs. Two :30 and two :60 audio PSAs are available for your download below. Download Windows Media Player or iTunes. PSA Format Length File Size A New Generation .MP3 0:30 483 KB A New Generation .MP3 1:00
NREL-Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Webinar |
NREL-Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Webinar NREL-Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Webinar Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Agency/Company /Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Buildings Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Webinar, Guide/manual, Training materials, Lessons learned/best practices Website: www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/state_local_activities/webinar_2010 Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Screenshot References: Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs[1] Logo: Lessons Learned from Energy Efficiency Lighting Programs Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Technical Assistance
Practical image based lighting
In this thesis, we present a user-friendly and practical method for seamless integration of computer-generated images (CG) with real photographs and video. In general such seamless integration is extremely hard and requires recovery of real world information to simulate the same environment for both CG and real objects. This real world information includes camera positions and parameters, and shapes, material properties, and motion of real objects. Among these one of the most important real world information is lighting. Image based lighting that is developed to recover illumination information of the real world from photographs has recently been popular in computer graphics. In this thesis we present a practical image based lighting method. Our method is based on a simple and easily constructible device: a square plate with a cylindrical stick. We have developed a user-guided system to approximately recover illumination information (i.e. orientations, colors, and intensities of light sources) from a photograph of this device. Our approach also helps to recover surface colors of real objects based on reconstructed lighting information. In addition, we will address our observation on shadows with multi-color lights in a compositing aspect and will present a solution to handle the addressed issue.
Lee, Jaemin
Probing Organic Transistors with Infrared Beams
Probing Organic Transistors with Infrared Beams Print Probing Organic Transistors with Infrared Beams Print Silicon-based transistors are well-understood, basic components of contemporary electronic technology. In contrast, there is growing need for the development of electronic devices based on organic polymer materials. Organic field-effect transistors (FETs) are ideal for special applications that require large areas, light weight, and structural flexibility. They also have the advantage of being easy to mass-produce at very low cost. However, even though this class of devices is finding a growing number of applications, electronic processes in organic materials are still not well understood. A group of researchers from the University of California and the ALS has succeeded in probing the intrinsic electronic properties of the charge carriers in organic FETs using infrared spectromicroscopy. The results of their study could help in the future development of sensors, large-area displays, and other plastic electronic components.
Lighting Design | Department of Energy
Design Design Lighting Design July 29, 2012 - 6:28pm Addthis Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/chandlerphoto. Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/chandlerphoto. How does it work? Buy ENERGY STAR-rated lighting for the highest quality, energy-efficient lighting. Use timers and other controls to turn lights on and off. Use outdoor solar lighting. Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. If you're constructing a new house, consider lighting as part of your whole-house design -- an
Low-Pressure Sodium Lighting
Low-pressure sodium lighting provides more energy-efficient outdoor lighting than high-intensity discharge lighting, but it has very poor color rendition. Typical applications include highway and...
Materials for solid state lighting
in the Proceedings. Materials for Solid State Lighting S.G.Johnson Lighting Research Group Building TechnologiesMaterials for Solid State Lighting S.G. Johnson 1 and J. A.
Johnson, S.G.; Simmons, J.A.
Light as a Healing Mechanism
S. (1991). Meridians conduct light. Moskow: Raum and Zeit.the bod�ys absorption of light. Explore, 9(2), doi: https://01). The healing use of light and color. Health Care Design
Lingampalli, Nithya
LED Lighting LED Lighting LED Lighting July 29, 2012 - 4:43pm Addthis LED Lighting What are the key facts? Quality LED products can last 25 times longer than an incandescent bulb and use 75% less energy. LEDs are directional, focusing light in ways that are useful in homes and commercial settings. The light-emitting diode (LED) is one of today's most energy-efficient and rapidly-developing lighting technologies. Quality LED light bulbs last longer, are more durable, and offer comparable or better light quality than other types of lighting. Check out the top 8 things about LEDs to learn more. Energy Savings LED is a highly energy efficient lighting technology, and has the potential to fundamentally change the future of lighting in the United States. Residential LEDs -- especially ENERGY STAR rated products -- use at least
Light diffusing fiber optic chamber
A light diffusion system for transmitting light to a target area. The light is transmitted in a direction from a proximal end to a distal end by an optical fiber. A diffusing chamber is operatively connected to the optical fiber for transmitting the light from the proximal end to the distal end and transmitting said light to said target area. A plug is operatively connected to the diffusing chamber for increasing the light that is transmitted to the target area.
Maitland, Duncan J. (Lafayette, CA)
Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop
Los Angeles, CA to someone Los Angeles, CA to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Los Angeles, CA on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Los Angeles, CA on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Los Angeles, CA on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Los Angeles, CA on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Los Angeles, CA on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium
Liquid-phase and vapor-phase dehydration of organic/water solutions
Processes for dehydrating an organic/water solution by pervaporation or vapor separation using fluorinated membranes. The processes are particularly useful for treating mixtures containing light organic components, such as ethanol, isopropanol or acetic acid.
Huang, Yu (Palo Alto, CA); Ly, Jennifer (San Jose, CA); Aldajani, Tiem (San Jose, CA); Baker, Richard W. (Palo Alto, CA)
This meeting focuses on the latest progress and challenges regarding organic electronics devices, artificial light-harvesting systems, and inorganic/organic hybrid nanoscale systems and especially on the synergy between these fields.
Eisele, Dorthe
Physics Out Loud - Cerenkov Light
Baryon Previous Video (Baryon) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Cross Section) Cross Section Cerenkov Light The bright blue glow from nuclear reactors is Cerenkov light....
Flash Lighting with Fluorescent Lamp.
??A flash lighting circuit with the fluorescent lamp is designed to produce lighting flicker by means of controlling the operating frequency and the duty-ratio of� (more)
Hsieh, Horng
Light pipe - design for efficiency
The high cost and availability of materials which are clear enough to transmit light without absorption has limited the idea of piping large-scale quantities of light. The light pipe uses the principle of Total Internal Reflection, with the light guided by very accurate prisms. The transmission of light directed into the end of a Light Pipe at an angle of less than 27.6 degrees is theoretically 100% efficient. The author describes its uses and advantages for lighting offices, cold storage areas, difficult access and hazardous areas, and for solar lighting. Future directions will be to improve the economics and accuracy of the technology. 4 references, 2 figures.
Hockey, S.N.
Artificial light and plant growth
Artificial light and plant growth Name: Lim Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: What color of artificial light works the best in plant growth? Replies:...
Lighting Controls | Department of Energy
fluorescent lighting fixtures rather than replace them. Dimmers and LEDs Some light-emitting diode (LED) lightbulbs can be used with dimmers. LED bulbs and fixtures must be...
Physics Out Loud - Cherenkov Light
Baryon Previous Video (Baryon) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Cross Section) Cross Section Cherenkov Light The bright blue glow from nuclear reactors is Cherenkov light....
Virginia Tech Electric Lighting Report
LIGHTING Daylight and Electric Careful consideration has been given to the integration of daylight, electric light, and the consequences relative to energy conservation, spatial...
Science Afternoon Properties of Light
... Science Afternoon. Properties of Light. ... We discovered that there was a lot to learn about the Properties of Light! Supplemental Materials. ...
Hybrid organic/quantum dot thin film structures and devices
Organic light emitting diodes have undergone rapid advancement over the course of the past decade. Similarly, quantum dot synthesis has progressed to the point that room temperature highly efficient photoluminescence can ...
Coe-Sullivan, Seth (Seth Alexander)
July 18, 2012 Using QECBs for Street Lighting Upgrades
lighting technologies (e.g. light-emitting diodes, induction lighting) can reduce street light energy
TOPIC Brief BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Lighting: Residential...
Lighting: Residential and Commercial Requirements TOPIC BRIEF 1 Lighting: Residential and Commercial Requirements Residential Lighting Requirements The 2009 International Energy...
Light Field Appearance Manifolds
Abstract. Statistical shape and texture appearance models are powerful image representations, but previously had been restricted to 2D or 3D shapes with smooth surfaces and lambertian reflectance. In this paper we present a novel 3D appearance model using image-based rendering techniques, which can represent complex lighting conditions, structures, and surfaces. We construct a light field manifold capturing the multi-view appearance of an object class and extend the direct search algorithm of Cootes and Taylor to match new light fields or 2D images of an object to a point on this manifold. When matching to a 2D image the reconstructed light field can be used to render unseen views of the object. Our technique differs from previous view-based active appearance models in that model coefficients between views are explicitly linked, and that we do not model any pose variation within the shape model at a single view. It overcomes the limitations of polygonal based appearance models and uses light fields that are acquired in real-time. 1
Chris Mario Christoudias; Trevor Darrell
Solar lighting | Open Energy Information
lighting lighting Jump to: navigation, search Introductory Facts About Solar Lights It is not just a normal light bulb.The solar light consists of a LED or Light Emitting Diode, which draw little power. Coupled with constantly recharging batteries, you will never run out of light! They will save the customer money. By Replacing all outdoor lighting with solar lights there is no need to plug in to the electrical system. The lights will automatically turn on at dusk and will be charged during the day. They help out the environment.Not only does not plugging in to the power system save money but also energy, therefore protecting the Earth. Easy to Install No wires necessary, just pop in the battery. They come in all designs Just because they are solar lights doesn't
Lighting and Surfaces 11.1 Introduction to Lighting
-object-at-a-time. "Intrinsic" light is the light emitted by the object itself, such as the glow from a TV screen, a light-emitting diode, or a star. "Ambient" light is an illumination that seems to come from all sides. In the real
Boyd, John P.
Deficiencies of Lighting Codes and Ordinances in Controlling Light Pollution from Parking Lot Lighting Installations.
??The purpose of this research was to identify the main causes of light pollution from parking lot electric lighting installations and highlight the deficiencies of� (more)
Royal, Emily
Heavy-to-light form factors on the light cone
The light cone method provides a convenient non-perturbative tool to study the heavy-to-light form factors. We construct a light cone quark model utilizing the soft collinear effective theory. In the leading order of effective theory, the ten $B$ to light physical form factors are reduced to three universal form factors which can be calculated as overlaps of hadron light front wave functions in the light cone quark model. The numerical results show that the leading contribution is close to the results from other approaches. The $q^2$ dependence of the heavy-to-light form factors are also presented.
Cai-Dian Lu; Wei Wang; Zheng-Tao Wei
Light Duty Efficient, Clean Combustion
Cummins has successfully completed the Light Duty Efficient Clean Combustion (LDECC) cooperative program with DoE. This program was established in 2007 in support of the Department of Energy's Vehicles Technologies Advanced Combustion and Emissions Control initiative to remove critical barriers to the commercialization of advanced, high efficiency, emissions compliant internal combustion (IC) engines for light duty vehicles. Work in this area expanded the fundamental knowledge of engine combustion to new regimes and advanced the knowledge of fuel requirements for these diesel engines to realize their full potential. All of the following objectives were met with fuel efficiency improvement targets exceeded: (1) Improve light duty vehicle (5000 lb. test weight) fuel efficiency by 10.5% over today's state-of-the-art diesel engine on the FTP city drive cycle; (2) Develop and design an advanced combustion system plus aftertreatment system that synergistically meets Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx and PM emissions standards while demonstrating the efficiency improvements; (3) Maintain power density comparable to that of current conventional engines for the applicable vehicle class; and (4) Evaluate different fuel components and ensure combustion system compatibility with commercially available biofuels. Key accomplishments include: (1) A 25% improvement in fuel efficiency was achieved with the advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system compared to the 10.5% target; (2) An 11% improvement in fuel efficiency was achieved with the advanced LDECC engine and no NOx aftertreamtent system; (3) Tier 2 Bin 5 and SFTP II emissions regulations were met with the advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system; (4) Tier 2 Bin 5 emissions regulations were met with the advanced LDECC engine and no NOx aftertreatment, but SFTP II emissions regulations were not met for the US06 test cycle - Additional technical barriers exist for the no NOx aftertreatment engine; (5) Emissions and efficiency targets were reached with the use of biodiesel. A variety of biofuel feedstocks (soy, rapeseed, etc.) was investigated; (6) The advanced LDECC engine with low temperature combustion was compatible with commercially available biofuels as evaluated by engine performance testing and not durability testing; (7) The advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system is the engine system architecture that is being further developed by the Cummins product development organization. Cost reduction and system robustness activities have been identified for future deployment; (8) The new engine and aftertreatment component technologies are being developed by the Cummins Component Business units (e.g. fuel system, turbomachinery, aftertreatment, electronics, etc.) to ensure commercial viability and deployment; (9) Cummins has demonstrated that the technologies developed for this program are scalable across the complete light duty engine product offerings (2.8L to 6.7L engines); and (10) Key subsystems developed include - sequential two stage turbo, combustions system for low temperature combustion, novel SCR aftertreatment system with feedback control, and high pressure common rail fuel system. An important element of the success of this project was leveraging Cummins engine component technologies. Innovation in component technology coupled with system integration is enabling Cummins to move forward with the development of high efficiency clean diesel products with a long term goal of reaching a 40% improvement in thermal efficiency for the engine plus aftertreatment system. The 40% improvement is in-line with the current light duty vehicle efficiency targets set by the 2010 DoE Vehicle Technologies MYPP and supported through co-operative projects such as the Cummins Advanced Technology Powertrains for Light-Duty Vehicles (ATP-LD) started in 2010.
Donald Stanton
Cummins has successfully completed the Light Duty Efficient Clean Combustion (LDECC) cooperative program with DoE. This program was established in 2007 in support of the Department of Energy�s Vehicles Technologies Advanced Combustion and Emissions Control initiative to remove critical barriers to the commercialization of advanced, high efficiency, emissions compliant internal combustion (IC) engines for light duty vehicles. Work in this area expanded the fundamental knowledge of engine combustion to new regimes and advanced the knowledge of fuel requirements for these diesel engines to realize their full potential. All of the following objectives were met with fuel efficiency improvement targets exceeded: 1. Improve light duty vehicle (5000 lb. test weight) fuel efficiency by 10.5% over today�s state-ofthe- art diesel engine on the FTP city drive cycle 2. Develop & design an advanced combustion system plus aftertreatment system that synergistically meets Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx and PM emissions standards while demonstrating the efficiency improvements. 3. Maintain power density comparable to that of current conventional engines for the applicable vehicle class. 4. Evaluate different fuel components and ensure combustion system compatibility with commercially available biofuels. Key accomplishments include: ? A 25% improvement in fuel efficiency was achieved with the advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system compared to the 10.5% target ? An 11% improvement in fuel efficiency was achieved with the advanced LDECC engine and no NOx aftertreamtent system ? Tier 2 Bin 5 and SFTP II emissions regulations were met with the advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system ? Tier 2 Bin 5 emissions regulations were met with the advanced LDECC engine and no NOx aftertreatment, but SFTP II emissions regulations were not met for the US06 test cycle � Additional technical barriers exist for the no NOx aftertreatment engine ? Emissions and efficiency targets were reached with the use of biodiesel. A variety of biofuel feedstocks (soy, rapeseed, etc.) was investigated. ? The advanced LDECC engine with low temperature combustion was compatible with commercially available biofuels as evaluated by engine performance testing and not durability testing. ? The advanced LDECC engine equipped with a novel SCR aftertreatment system is the engine system architecture that is being further developed by the Cummins product development organization. Cost reduction and system robustness activities have been identified for future deployment. ? The new engine and aftertreatment component technologies are being developed by the Cummins Component Business units (e.g. fuel system, turbomachinery, aftertreatment, electronics, etc.) to ensure commercial viability and deployment ? Cummins has demonstrated that the technologies developed for this program are scalable across the complete light duty engine product offerings (2.8L to 6.7L engines) ? Key subsystems developed include � sequential two stage turbo, combustions system for low temperature combustion, novel SCR aftertreatment system with feedback control, and high pressure common rail fuel system An important element of the success of this project was leveraging Cummins engine component technologies. Innovation in component technology coupled with system integration is enabling Cummins to move forward with the development of high efficiency clean diesel products with a long term goal of reaching a 40% improvement in thermal efficiency for the engine plus aftertreatment system. The 40% improvement is in-line with the current light duty vehicle efficiency targets set by the 2010 DoE Vehicle Technologies MYPP and supported through co-operative projects such as the Cummins Advanced Technology Powertrains for Light- Duty Vehicles (ATP-LD) started in 2010.
Stanton, Donald W
Wisconsin Business Sheds Light on Lighting | Department of Energy
Wisconsin Business Sheds Light on Lighting Wisconsin Business Sheds Light on Lighting Wisconsin Business Sheds Light on Lighting April 29, 2010 - 4:59pm Addthis When this photograph was taken, the upper floors of Wisconsinâs Department of Transportation were using a new lighting plan from EPS, while the lower ones were still using the pre-audit lighting scheme. | Photo Courtesy of Energy Performance Specialists, LLC When this photograph was taken, the upper floors of Wisconsin's Department of Transportation were using a new lighting plan from EPS, while the lower ones were still using the pre-audit lighting scheme. | Photo Courtesy of Energy Performance Specialists, LLC Joshua DeLung Wisconsin-based Energy Performance Specialists LLC is helping clients reduce energy consumption in a very simple way-by just using less.
Solid-State Lighting: OLED Basics
Lighting: OLED Basics on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: OLED Basics on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: OLED Basics on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Energy 101: Lighting Choices | Department of Energy
Lighting Choices Energy 101: Lighting Choices Addthis Below is the text version for the Energy 101: Lighting Choices video: The video opens with "Energy 101: Lighting Choices."...
Lighting Principles and Terms | Department of Energy
Principles and Terms Lighting Principles and Terms July 29, 2012 - 5:20pm Addthis Light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality are the basic principles of lighting. |...
Environmental Assessment Environmental Assessment Proposed Upgrade and Improvement of the National Synchrotron Light Source Complex at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York This Environmental Assessment addresses the proposed action by the U.S. Department of Energy to upgrade the facilities of the National Synchrotron Light Source Complex, namely the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), the Accelerator Test Facility and the Source Development Laboratory. The environmental effects of a No-Action Alternative as well as a Proposed Action are evaluated in the Environmental Assessment. The NSLS Environmental Assessment Fact Sheet link below leads to a one-page summary of the Environmental Assessment. The NSLS Environmental Assessment link below leads to the whole 41-page
Lighting Technology Panel
Technology Panel Technology Panel Federal Utility Partnership Working Group N b 2009 November 1 1 8, 2009 Doug Avery Southern California Edison Southern California Edison National Energy Conservation M d t Mandates * There are Federal and State Mandates to reduce energy consumption - California Investor Owned Electric Utilities are ordered to save around 3 Billion kWh's each y year from 2007-2113 - Federal buildings ordered to reduce electrical Federal buildings ordered to reduce electrical energy consumption 35% by 2012 Energy Consump ption gy Lighting accounts for 42 7% of energy consumption Lighting accounts for 42.7% of energy consumption Data Courtesy of SDG&E Data Courtesy of SDG&E Energy Consump ption gy More than ¾ of the lighting load is non-residential. Data Courtesy of SDG&E
Pupillary efficient lighting system
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination.
Berman, Samuel M. (San Francisco, CA); Jewett, Don L. (Mill Valley, CA)
Light harvesting arrays
A light harvesting array useful for the manufacture of devices such as solar cells comprises: (a) a first substrate comprising a first electrode; and (b) a layer of light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode, each of the light harvesting rods comprising a polymer of Formula I: X.sup.1.paren open-st.X.sup.m+1).sub.m (I) wherein m is at least 1, and may be from two, three or four to 20 or more; X.sup.1 is a charge separation group (and preferably a porphyrinic macrocycle, which may be one ligand of a double-decker sandwich compound) having an excited-state of energy equal to or lower than that of X.sup.2, and X.sup.2 through X.sup.m+1 are chromophores (and again are preferably porphyrinic macrocycles).
Lindsey, Jonathan S. (Raleigh, NC)
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination. 5 figs.
Berman, S.M.; Jewett, D.L.
Understanding Degradation Pathways in Organic Photovoltaics (Poster)
Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) recently attained power conversion efficiencies that are of interest for commercial production. Consequently, one of the most important unsolved issues facing a new industry is understanding what governs lifetime in organic devices and discovering solutions to mitigate degradation mechanisms. Historically, the active organic components are considered vulnerable to photo-oxidation and represent the primary degradation channel. However, we present several (shelf life and light soaking) studies pointing the relative stability of the active layers and instabilities in commonly used electrode materials. We show that engineering of the hole/electron layer at the electrode can lead to environmentally stable devices even without encapsulation.
Lloyd, M. T.; Olson, D. C.; Garcia, A.; Kauvar, I.; Kopidakis, N.; Reese, M. O.; Berry, J. J.; Ginley, D. S.
Radioluminescent lighting technology
The glow-in-the-dark stereotype that characterizes the popular image of nuclear materials is not accidental. When the French scientist, Henri Becquerel, first discovered radioactivity in 1896, he was interested in luminescence. Radioluminescence, the production of light from a mixture of energetic and passive materials, is probably the oldest practical application of the unstable nucleus. Tritium-based radioluminescent lighting, in spite of the biologically favorable character of the gaseous tritium isotope, was included in the general tightening of environmental and safety regulations. Tritium light manufacturers would have to meet two fundamental conditions: (1) The benefit clearly outweighed the risk, to the extent that even the perceived risk of a skeptical public would be overcome. (2) The need was significant enough that the customer/user would be willing and able to afford the cost of regulation that was imposed both in the manufacture, use and eventual disposal of nuclear materials. In 1981, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were investigating larger radioluminescent applications using byproduct nuclear material such as krypton-85, as well as tritium. By 1982, it appeared that large source, (100 Curies or more) tritium gas tube, lights might be useful for marking runways and drop zones for military operations and perhaps even special civilian aviation applications. The successful development of this idea depended on making the light bright enough and demonstrating that large gas tube sources could be used and maintained safely in the environment. This successful DOE program is now in the process of being completed and closed-out. Working closely with the tritium light industry, State governments and other Federal agencies, the basic program goals have been achieved. This is a detailed report of what they have learned, proven, and discovered. 91 refs., 29 figs., 5 tabs. (JF)
Light Logger Placement Guidelines for Residential Lighting Studies
New technological advancements in lighting have increased the efficiency of residential lighting loads. Light loggers, which use a photocell to sense when lights are on or off, provide valuable metering information for use in measuring technology effectiveness and designing marketing programs. Placement of the loggers is critical to the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. This report provides placement recommendations for various types of lighting, expected accuracy compared to metered energy, ...
Fiberoptic home lighting
Initial effort on this grant project was to construct a model that would demonstrate the feasibility of various lighting theories. Testing of suitable materials for utilization as fibreoptic components was the second priority. The material chosen for the project was 5/8 inch diameter plexiglas rod. The next step involved determining the limitations and other properties of the plexiglas rod. The final factor in developing a useable system involved testing different types and colors of light and their ability to be transmitted by the optic fibre. The culmination of the research and testing resulted in the demonstration projects.
Keleher, D.
Good lighting with energy conservation
The publicity and economic impact of the oil embargo of 1973-74 has frequently caused over-reactive, indiscriminate reductions in lighting without eliminating many of the truly energy-wasteful aspects of lighting system usage. With current technology and a clear knowledge of the lighting requirements significant contributions to energy conservation can be achieved without unnecessarily sacrificing the benefits of good lighting.
Clark, G.W.
Developing integrated envelop and lighting systems for commercial buildings
Integrated envelope and lighting systems achieve significant energy, peak demand, and cost savings over typical component-by-component design practice by leveraging the interactive energy balance between electric lighting energy use and cooling due to lighting and solar radiation. We discuss how these savings can be achieved using conventional glazing and lighting components by taking an integrated systems design approach. We describe integrated dynamic envelope and lighting systems, currently under development, that actively achieve this energy balance through the use of intelligent control systems. We show how prototypical daylighting systems can be used to increase the efficacy and distribution of daylight throughout the space for the same or less glazing area as a typical window, while achieving greater energy savings with increased visual comfort. Energy performance simulations and field tests conducted to date illustrate significant energy savings, peak demand reductions, and potential practical implementation of these proposed systems.
Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.E.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Klems, J.H.; Beltran, L.O.; DiBartolomeo, D.L.; Sullivan, R.
Another Side of Light - D
D. Three quantum phenomena D. Three quantum phenomena In fluorescence, matter absorbs light waves of a high frequency and then emits light of the same or lower frequency. This process was studied and named by George Gabriel Stokes in the mid-19th century. Today, fluorescence is familiar to us from fluorescent light bulbs. A fluorescent bulb's filament produces ultraviolet light, which is absorbed by the bulb's inner coating, which then emits lower-frequency visible light-more visible light than an incandescent bulb produces with the same wattage. According to the hypothesis of light quanta, during fluorescence an atom absorbs a quantum of light whose energy is proportional to the light wave's frequency. If the atom doesn't supply any extra energy of its own, the light quantum emitted should either have the same energy or less energy
Tips: Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting Lighting Tips: Lighting May 4, 2012 - 3:16pm Addthis Lighting Choices Save You Money. Energy-efficient light bulbs are available in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Lighting Choices Save You Money. Energy-efficient light bulbs are available in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. What does this mean for me? Replacing 15 inefficient incandescent bulbs in your home with energy-saving bulbs could save you about $50 per year. For the greatest savings, replace your old incandescent bulbs with ENERGY STAR-qualified bulbs. An average household dedicates about 10% of its energy budget to lighting. Switching to energy-efficient lighting is one of the fastest ways to cut your energy bills. Timers and motion sensors save you even more money by reducing the amount of time lights are on but not being used.
Solid-state radioluminscent compsitions and light sources
Two new types of radioluminescent (RL) compositions light sources are provided. The first type is an all-organic system, consisting of covalently bound tritium within a solid, optically clear polymeric matrix. The matrix contains organic scintillation dyes that capture excitation energy from beta decay and red-shift the energy in a stepwise fashion, after which a chosen wavelength is emitted as fluorescence. The second type of RL light source consists of a zeolite crystalline material, in which material's intralattice spaces a tritiated compound and a luminophore are sorbed, and which material is optionally further dispersed in a refractive index-matched polymer matrix. 10 refs.
Clough, R.L.; Gill, J.T.; Hawkins, D.B. Renschler, C.L.; Shepodd, T.J.; Smith, H.M.
Self-Organized Network Flows
A model for traffic flow in street networks or material flows in supply networks is presented, that takes into account the conservation of cars or materials and other significant features of traffic flows such as jam formation, spillovers, and load-dependent transportation times. Furthermore, conflicts or coordination problems of intersecting or merging flows are considered as well. Making assumptions regarding the permeability of the intersection as a function of the conflicting flows and the queue lengths, we find self-organized oscillations in the flows similar to the operation of traffic lights.
Helbing, D; L�mmer, S; Helbing, Dirk; Siegmeier, Jan; L\\"{a}mmer, Stefan
Windows and lighting program
More than 30% of all energy use in buildings is attributable to two sources: windows and lighting. Together they account for annual consumer energy expenditures of more than $50 billion. Each affects not only energy use by other major building systems, but also comfort and productivity -- factors that influence building economics far more than does direct energy consumption alone. Windows play a unique role in the building envelope, physically separating the conditioned space from the world outside without sacrificing vital visual contact. Throughout the indoor environment, lighting systems facilitate a variety of tasks associated with a wide range of visual requirements while defining the luminous qualities of the indoor environment. Windows and lighting are thus essential components of any comprehensive building science program. Despite important achievements in reducing building energy consumption over the past decade, significant additional savings are still possible. These will come from two complementary strategies: (1) improve building designs so that they effectively apply existing technologies and extend the market penetration of these technologies; and (2) develop advanced technologies that increase the savings potential of each application. Both the Windows and Daylighting Group and the Lighting System Research Group have made substantial contributions in each of these areas, and continue to do so through the ongoing research summarized here. 23 refs., 16 figs.
Green Light for Renewables in Developing Countries | Open Energy
Green Light for Renewables in Developing Countries Green Light for Renewables in Developing Countries Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Green Light for Renewables in Developing Countries Agency/Company /Organization: Alliance for Rural Electrification Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy Phase: Create a Vision Resource Type: Publications User Interface: Website Website: www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_pa Cost: Free Language: English The publication "Green light for renewable energies in developing countries" underpins how development and access to electricity are intertwined. The publication "Green light for renewable energies in developing countries" underpins how development and access to electricity are intertwined. It highlights the pros and cons of various technologies. Cost breakdowns
Independence Power and Light - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
Independence Power and Light - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Independence Power and Light - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Independence Power and Light - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Design & Remodeling Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate $20,000, or 30% of the total project cost annually per organization Program Info State Missouri Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount High Performance T-8 Systems: $20-$30 Reduced-Wattage T-8 Systems: $20-$30 Standard T-8 Lamp: $2 Standard T-8 Electric Ballast: $10 400W HID Replacement (250W or less T8, T5, or T5HO Fluorescent): $75 Pulse Start Metal Halide Fixture: $50
Method of photocatalytic conversion of C-H organics
The present invention is the addition of a semiconductor material and energy to the reaction mixture of organic, acid (for example, trifluoroacetate), and oxygen. A transition metal ion may be added to the reaction mixture. The semiconductor material converts energy to oxidants thereby promoting oxidation of the organic. Alternatively, using metal in combination with exposure to light may be used.
Camaioni, Donald M. (Richland, WA); Lilga, Michael A. (Richland, WA)
Fluorescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting October 17, 2013 - 5:44pm Addthis Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting Fluorescent lamps use 25%-35% of the energy used by incandescent products to provide a similar amount of light. They also last about 10 times longer (7,000-24,000 hours). The two general types of fluorescent lamps are: Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) -- commonly found with integral ballasts and screw bases, these are popular lamps often used in household fixtures Fluorescent tube and circline lamps -- typically used for task lighting such as garages and under cabinet fixtures, and for lighting large areas in commercial buildings. CFLs CFLs combine the energy efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience and popularity of incandescent fixtures. CFLs fit most fixtures
Incandescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting October 17, 2013 - 6:15pm Addthis Incandescent lighting is the most common, and least energy efficient, type of lighting used in homes. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/TokenPhoto. Incandescent lighting is the most common, and least energy efficient, type of lighting used in homes. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/TokenPhoto. Incandescent lamps are often considered the least energy efficient type of electric lighting commonly found in residential buildings. Although inefficient, incandescent lamps possess a number of key advantages--they are inexpensive to buy, turn on instantly, are available in a huge array of sizes and shapes and provide a pleasant, warm light with excellent color rendition. However, because of their relative inefficiency and short life spans, they
Edmund G. Brown Jr. LIGHTING CALIFORNIA'S FUTURE
Edmund G. Brown Jr. Governor LIGHTING CALIFORNIA'S FUTURE: SMART LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE LIGHTING's Future: Smart LightEmitting Diode Lighting in Residential Fans. California Energy Commission, PIER. For the Smart Light emitting Diode Lighting in Residential Fans Project, the California Lighting Technology
Lighting for video February 23, 2012
) LED light panel, C) HMI/MH light with diffusion, D) fluorescent ("kino flo") style light fluorescent or LED lights. In the earlier days this was created by bouncing light off reflectors, for example a soft light as a key light (LED or fluorescent) and then use available lights in the back- ground
Porr, Bernd
Gradient Combinatorial Libraries via Modulated Light ...
... Libraries via Modulated Light Exposure. Bookmark and Share Gradient Combinatorial Libraries via Modulated Light Exposure. ...
A Light-Weight Instrumentation System Design
To meet challenging constraints on telemetry system weight and volume, a custom Light-Weight Instrumentation System was developed to collect vehicle environment and dynamics on a short-duration exo-atmospheric flight test vehicle. The total telemetry system, including electronics, sensors, batteries, and a 1 watt transmitter weighs about 1 kg. Over 80 channels of measurement, housekeeping, and telemetry system diagnostic data are transmitted at 128 kbps. The microcontroller-based design uses the automotive industry standard Controller Area Network to interface with and support in-flight control fimctions. Operational parameters are downloaded via a standard asynchronous serial communications intefiace. The basic design philosophy and functionality is described here.
Kidner, Ronald
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for General Illumiation
LIGHT LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION AN OIDA TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP An OIDA Report March 2001 Co-Sponsored by DOE/BTS and OIDA Compiled by Eric D. Jones Sandia National Laboratories OIDA Member Use Only OIDA OPTOELECTRONICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 1133 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 Ph: (202) 785-4426 Fax: (202) 785-4428 Web: http://www.OIDA.org © 2001 OIDA Optoelectronics Industry Development Association All data contained in this report is proprietary to OIDA and may not be distributed in either original or reproduced form to anyone outside the client's internal organization within five years of the report date without prior written permission of the Optoelectronics Industry Development Association. Published by: Optoelectronics Industry Development Association
Catamount n-Way Catamount n-Way LightWeight KerneL 1 R&D 100 Entry Catamount n-Way LightWeight KerneL 2 R&D 100 Entry Submitting organization Sandia National Laboratories PO Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185-1319 USA Ron Brightwell Phone: (505) 844-2099 Fax: (505) 845-7442 email@example.com AFFIRMATION: I affirm that all information submitted as a part of, or supplemental to, this entry is a fair and accurate representation of this product. _____________________________ Ron Brightwell Joint entry Operating Systems Research 1527 16th NW #5 Washington, DC 20036 USA Trammell Hudson Phone: (240) 283-1700 Fax: (843) 971-9774 firstname.lastname@example.com ProduCt name Catamount N-Way (CNW) Lightweight Kernel brief deSCriPtion CNW is an operating system that exploits existing features of multi-core processors
Dynamics of spectral algorithms for distributed routing
In the past few decades distributed systems have evolved from man-made machines to organically changing social, economic and protein networks. This transition has been overwhelming in many ways at once. Dynamic, heterogeneous, ...
Maymounkov, Petar (Petar Borissov)
Report 2001 Report 2001 National Synchrotron Light Source For the period October 1, 2000 through September 30, 2001 Introduction Science Highlights Year in Review Operations Publications Abstracts Nancye Wright & Lydia Rogers The National Synchrotron Light Source Department is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences United States Department of Energy Washington, D.C. Brookhaven National Laboratory Brookhaven Science Associates, Inc. Upton, New York 11973 Under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 Mary Anne Corwin Steven N. Ehrlich & Lisa M. Miller Managing Editor Science Editors Production Assistants Cover images (clockwise from top left) 1. from Science Highlight by K.R. Rajashankar, M.R. Chance, S.K. Burley, J. Jiang, S.C. Almo, A. Bresnick, T. Dodatko, R. Huang, G. He,
Fusion pumped light source
Apparatus is provided for generating energy in the form of light radiation. A fusion reactor is provided for generating a long, or continuous, pulse of high-energy neutrons. The neutron flux is coupled directly with the lasing medium. The lasing medium includes a first component selected from Group O of the periodic table of the elements and having a high inelastic scattering cross section. Gamma radiation from the inelastic scattering reactions interacts with the first component to excite the first component, which decays by photon emission at a first output wavelength. The first output wavelength may be shifted to a second output wavelength using a second liquid component responsive to the first output wavelength. The light outputs may be converted to a coherent laser output by incorporating conventional optics adjacent the laser medium.
Pappas, Daniel S. (Los Alamos, NM)
Clusters in Light Nuclei
A great deal of research work has been undertaken in the alpha-clustering study since the pioneering discovery, half a century ago, of 12C+12C molecular resonances. Our knowledge of the field of the physics of nuclear molecules has increased considerably and nuclear clustering remains one of the most fruitful domains of nuclear physics, facing some of the greatest challenges and opportunities in the years ahead. In this work, the occurence of "exotic" shapes in light N=Z alpha-like nuclei is investigated. Various approaches of superdeformed and hyperdeformed bands associated with quasimolecular resonant structures are presented. Results on clustering aspects are also discussed for light neutron-rich Oxygen isotopes.
C. Beck; P. Papka; A. Sanchez i Zafra; S. Thummerer; F. Azaiez; P. Bednarczyk; S. Courtin; D. Curien; O. Dorvaux; A. Goasduff; D. Lebhertz; A. Nourreddine; M. Rousseau; M. -D. Salsac; W. von Oertzen; B. Gebauer; C. Wheldon; Tz. Kokalova; G. Efimov; V. Zherebchevsky; Ch. Schulz; H. G. Bohlen; D. Kamanin; G. de Angelis; A. Gadea; S. Lenzi; D. R. Napoli; S. Szilner; M. Milin; W. N. Catford; D. G. Jenkins; G. Royer
Apparatus is provided for generating energy in the form of light radiation. A fusion reactor is provided for generating a long, or continuous, pulse of high-energy neutrons. The neutron flux is coupled directly with the lasing medium. The lasing medium includes a first component selected from Group O of the periodic table of the elements and having a high inelastic scattering cross section. Gamma radiation from the inelastic scattering reactions interacts with the first component to excite the first component, which decays by photon emission at a first output wavelength. The first output wavelength may be shifted to a second output wavelength using a second liquid component responsive to the first output wavelength. The light outputs may be converted to a coherent laser output by incorporating conventional optics adjacent the lasing medium. 3 figs.
Pappas, D.S.
Light from cosmic strings
The time-dependent metric of a cosmic string leads to an effective interaction between the string and photons--the ''gravitational Aharonov-Bohm'' effect--and causes cosmic strings to emit light. We evaluate the radiation of pairs of photons from cosmic strings and find that the emission from cusps, kinks and kink-kink collisions occurs with a flat spectrum at all frequencies up to the string scale. Further, cusps emit a beam of photons, kinks emit along a curve, and the emission at a kink-kink collision is in all directions. The emission of light from cosmic strings could provide an important new observational signature of cosmic strings that is within reach of current experiments for a range of string tensions.
Steer, Daniele A.; Vachaspati, Tanmay [APC 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France); Physics Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (United States)
Light amplification using semiconductors
During the summer of 1953, John von Neumann discussed his ideas concerning light amplification using semiconductors with Edward Teller. In September of that year, von Neumann sent a manuscript containing his ideas and calculations on this subject to Teller for his comments. To the best of our knowledge, von Neumann did not take time to work further on these ideas, and the manuscript remained unpublished. These previously unpublished writings of John von Neumann on the subject of light amplification in semiconductors are printed as a service to the laser community. While von Neumann's original manuscript and his letter to Teller are available to anyone who visits the Library of Congress, it is much more convenient to have this paper appear in an archival journal.
Dupuis, R.D.
Light-Matter Quantum Interface
We propose a quantum interface which applies multiple passes of a pulse of light through an atomic sample with phase/polarization rotations in between the passes. Our proposal does not require nonclassical light input or measurements on the system, and it predicts rapidly growing unconditional entanglement of light and atoms from just coherent inputs. The proposed interface makes it possible to achieve a number of tasks within quantum information processing including teleportation between light and atoms, quantum memory for light and squeezing of atomic and light variables.
K. Hammerer; K. Molmer; E. S. Polzik; J. I. Cirac
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting Lighting the Way with Compact Fluorescent Lighting April 28, 2009 - 5:00am Addthis John Lippert There is a major push today to get homeowners to adopt compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) light bulbs. They have been on the market for nearly three decades, and many homeowners still do not use them widely. But the tide is definitely turning. Their availability and the percentage of homeowners familiar with the technology and purchasing them for their homes have been steadily rising. The products have improved considerably compared to early products, and their prices have plummeted. The ENERGY STAR® Change a Light, Change the World Campaign has been running now for more than half a dozen years. This campaign is designed to
Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting...
Boston, MA to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Boston, MA on Facebook Tweet about...
Dallas, TX to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Municipal Consortium LED Street Lighting Workshop Presentations and Materials-Dallas, TX on Facebook Tweet about...
Energy Savings Potential of Solid State Lighting in General Lighting...
by Arthur D. Little, Inc. for U.S. Department of Energy Energy Savings Potential of Solid State Lighting in General Lighting Applications Final Report April 2001 Energy Savings...
Studies in Chaotic adiabatic dynamics
Chaotic adiabatic dynamics refers to the study of systems exhibiting chaotic evolution under slowly time-dependent equations of motion. In this dissertation the author restricts his attention to Hamiltonian chaotic adiabatic systems. The results presented are organized around a central theme, namely, that the energies of such systems evolve diffusively. He begins with a general analysis, in which he motivates and derives a Fokker-Planck equation governing this process of energy diffusion. He applies this equation to study the {open_quotes}goodness{close_quotes} of an adiabatic invariant associated with chaotic motion. This formalism is then applied to two specific examples. The first is that of a gas of noninteracting point particles inside a hard container that deforms slowly with time. Both the two- and three-dimensional cases are considered. The results are discussed in the context of the Wall Formula for one-body dissipation in nuclear physics, and it is shown that such a gas approaches, asymptotically with time, an exponential velocity distribution. The second example involves the Fermi mechanism for the acceleration of cosmic rays. Explicit evolution equations are obtained for the distribution of cosmic ray energies within this model, and the steady-state energy distribution that arises when this equation is modified to account for the injection and removal of cosmic rays is discussed. Finally, the author re-examines the multiple-time-scale approach as applied to the study of phase space evolution under a chaotic adiabatic Hamiltonian. This leads to a more rigorous derivation of the above-mentioned Fokker-Planck equation, and also to a new term which has relevance to the problem of chaotic adiabatic reaction forces (the forces acting on slow, heavy degrees of freedom due to their coupling to light, fast chaotic degrees).
Jarzynski, C.
New Lighting Technologies
This Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) technical update continues the technical assessment of advanced lighting technologies in the following product areas�linear LED T8 fluorescent replacements, Edison-based dimmable LED lamps, commercial replacement side-lit LED fixtures, Edison-based reduced-consumption halogen lamps designed to replace 100W incandescent lamps, high bay induction LED lamps, and architectural LED lamps. Many of the products in this year�s report are designed as ...
Efficient Light Sources Today
This paper reviews new lamp and lighting technology in terms of application and economic impact. Included are the latest advances in High Intensity Discharge systems, energy saving fluorescent lamps and ballasts, and the new state of the art high performance fluorescent systems. Cost analyses will show that typical owning and operating cost reductions of 15 to 65% can be achieved without sacrificing illumination levels when the right system is chosen and properly applied.
Hart, A. L.
SSRL Users' Organization Ballot
2003 SSRL Users' Organization Executive Committee (SSRLUO-EC) Ballot The SSRL Users' Organization Executive Committee represents the scientific user community to the SSRL...
Organization Leadership Organization Contact Us The Office of Economic Impact and Diversity is comprised of six offices: The Office of the Director- contact us Office of...