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Electromagnetism |
Electric current is a flow of electric charge through a conductive medium.[1]
In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in a plasma.[2]
The SI unit for measuring the rate of flow of electric charge is the ampere, which is charge flowing through some surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. Electric current is measured using an ammeter.[1]
Contents |
The conventional symbol for current is , which originates from the French phrase intensité de courant, or in English current intensity.[3][4] This phrase is frequently used when discussing the value of an electric current, especially in older texts; modern practice often shortens this to simply current but current intensity is still used in many recent textbooks. The symbol was used by André-Marie Ampère, after whom the unit of electric current is named, in formulating the eponymous Ampère's force law which he discovered in 1820.[5] The notation travelled from France to Britain, where it became standard, although at least one journal did not change from using to until 1896.[6]
In metallic solids, electric charge flows by means of electrons, from lower to higher electrical potential. In other media, any stream of charged objects (ions, for example) may constitute an electric current. To provide a definition of current that is independent of the type of charge carriers flowing, conventional current is defined to flow in the same direction as positive charges. So in metals where the charge carriers (electrons) are negative, conventional current flows in the opposite direction as the electrons. In conductors where the charge carriers are positive, conventional current flows in the same direction as the charge carriers.
In a vacuum, a beam of ions or electrons may be formed. In other conductive materials, the electric current is due to the flow of both positively and negatively charged particles at the same time. In still others, the current is entirely due to positive charge flow. For example, the electric currents in electrolytes are flows of positively and negatively charged ions. In a common lead-acid electrochemical cell, electric currents are composed of positive hydrogen ions (protons) flowing in one direction, and negative sulfate ions flowing in the other. Electric currents in sparks or plasma are flows of electrons as well as positive and negative ions. In ice and in certain solid electrolytes, the electric current is entirely composed of flowing ions.
A solid conductive metal contains mobile, or free electrons, originating in the conduction electrons. These electrons are bound to the metal lattice but no longer to an individual atom. Metals are particularly conductive because there are a large number of these free electrons, typically one per atom in the lattice. Even with no external electric field applied, these electrons move about randomly due to thermal energy but, on average, there is zero net current within the metal. At room temperature, the average speed of these random motions is 106 metres per second.[7] Given a surface through which a metal wire passes, electrons move in both directions across the surface at an equal rate. As George Gamow put in his science-popularizing book, One, Two, Three...Infinity (1947), "The metallic substances differ from all other materials by the fact that the outer shells of their atoms are bound rather loosely, and often let one of their electrons go free. Thus the interior of a metal is filled up with a large number of unattached electrons that travel aimlessly around like a crowd of displaced persons. When a metal wire is subjected to electric force applied on its opposite ends, these free electrons rush in the direction of the force, thus forming what we call an electric current."
When a metal wire is connected across the two terminals of a DC voltage source such as a battery, the source places an electric field across the conductor. The moment contact is made, the free electrons of the conductor are forced to drift toward the positive terminal under the influence of this field. The free electrons are therefore the charge carrier in a typical solid conductor.
For a steady flow of charge through a surface, the current I (in amperes) can be calculated with the following equation:
where Q is the electric charge transferred through the surface over a time t. If Q and t are measured in coulombs and seconds respectively, I is in amperes.
More generally, electric current can be represented as the rate at which charge flows through a given surface as:
Electric currents in electrolytes are flows of electrically charged particles (ions). For example, if an electric field is placed across a solution of Na+ and Cl− (and conditions are right) the sodium ions move towards the negative electrode (cathode), while the chloride ions move towards the positive electrode (anode). Reactions take place at both electrode surfaces, absorbing each ion.
Water-ice and certain solid electrolytes called proton conductors contain positive hydrogen ions or "protons" which are mobile. In these materials, electric currents are composed of moving protons, as opposed to the moving electrons found in metals.
In certain electrolyte mixtures, brightly-coloured ions are the moving electric charges. The slow progress of the colour makes the current visible.[8]
In air and other ordinary gases below the breakdown field, the dominant source of electrical conduction is via relatively few mobile ions produced by radioactive gases, ultraviolet light, or cosmic rays. Since the electrical conductivity is low, gases are dielectrics or insulators. However, once the applied electric field approaches the breakdown value, free electrons become sufficiently accelerated by the electric field to create additional free electrons by colliding, and ionizing, neutral gas atoms or molecules in a process called avalanche breakdown. The breakdown process forms a plasma that contains enough mobile electrons and positive ions to make it an electrical conductor. In the process, it forms a light emitting conductive path, such as a spark, arc or lightning.
Plasma is the state of matter where some of the electrons in a gas are stripped or "ionized" from their molecules or atoms. A plasma can be formed by high temperature, or by application of a high electric or alternating magnetic field as noted above. Due to their lower mass, the electrons in a plasma accelerate more quickly in response to an electric field than the heavier positive ions, and hence carry the bulk of the current. The free ions recombine to create new chemical compounds (for example, breaking atmospheric oxygen into single oxygen [O2 → 2O], which then recombine creating ozone [O3]).[9]
Since a "perfect vacuum" contains no charged particles, it normally behaves as a perfect insulator. However, metal electrode surfaces can cause a region of the vacuum to become conductive by injecting free electrons or ions through either field electron emission or thermionic emission. Thermionic emission occurs when the thermal energy exceeds the metal's work function, while field electron emission occurs when the electric field at the surface of the metal is high enough to cause tunneling, which results in the ejection of free electrons from the metal into the vacuum. Externally heated electrodes are often used to generate an electron cloud as in the filament or indirectly heated cathode of vacuum tubes. Cold electrodes can also spontaneously produce electron clouds via thermionic emission when small incandescent regions (called cathode spots or anode spots) are formed. These are incandescent regions of the electrode surface that are created by a localized high current flow. These regions may be initiated by field electron emission, but are then sustained by localized thermionic emission once a vacuum arc forms. These small electron-emitting regions can form quite rapidly, even explosively, on a metal surface subjected to a high electrical field. Vacuum tubes and sprytrons are some of the electronic switching and amplifying devices based on vacuum conductivity.
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.
In a semiconductor it is sometimes useful to think of the current as due to the flow of positive "holes" (the mobile positive charge carriers that are places where the semiconductor crystal is missing a valence electron). This is the case in a p-type semiconductor. A semiconductor has electrical conductivity intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator. This means a conductivity roughly in the range of 10-2 to 104 siemens per centimeter (S⋅cm-1).
In the classic crystalline semiconductors, electrons can have energies only within certain bands (i.e. ranges of levels of energy). Energetically, these bands are located between the energy of the ground state, the state in which electrons are tightly bound to the atomic nuclei of the material, and the free electron energy, the latter describing the energy required for an electron to escape entirely from the material. The energy bands each correspond to a large number of discrete quantum states of the electrons, and most of the states with low energy (closer to the nucleus) are occupied, up to a particular band called the valence band. Semiconductors and insulators are distinguished from metals because the valence band in any given metal is nearly filled with electrons under usual operating conditions, while very few (semiconductor) or virtually none (insulator) of them are available in the conduction band, the band immediately above the valence band.
The ease with which electrons in the semiconductor can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band depends on the band gap between the bands. The size of this energy bandgap serves as an arbitrary dividing line (roughly 4 eV) between semiconductors and insulators.
With covalent bonds, an electron moves by hopping to a neighboring bond. The Pauli exclusion principle requires the electron to be lifted into the higher anti-bonding state of that bond. For delocalized states, for example in one dimension – that is in a nanowire, for every energy there is a state with electrons flowing in one direction and another state with the electrons flowing in the other. For a net current to flow, more states for one direction than for the other direction must be occupied. For this to occur, energy is required, as in the semiconductor the next higher states lie above the band gap. Often this is stated as: full bands do not contribute to the electrical conductivity. However, as the temperature of a semiconductor rises above absolute zero, there is more energy in the semiconductor to spend on lattice vibration and on exciting electrons into the conduction band. The current-carrying electrons in the conduction band are known as "free electrons", although they are often simply called "electrons" if context allows this usage to be clear.
Current density is a measure of the density of an electric current. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area. In SI units, the current density is measured in amperes per square metre.
where I is current in the conductor, J is the current density, and A is the cross-sectional area. The dot product of the two vector quantities (A and J) is a scalar that represents the electric current.
Current density (current per unit area) J in a material is proportional to the conductivity σ and electric field in the medium:
Instead of conductivity, a reciprocal quantity called resistivity ρ, can be used:
Conduction in semiconductor devices may occur by a combination of drift and diffusion, which is proportional to diffusion constant and charge density . The current density is then:
with being the elementary charge and the electron density. The carriers move in the direction of decreasing concentration, so for electrons a positive current results for a positive density gradient. If the carriers are holes, replace electron density by the negative of the hole density .
In linear anisotropic materials, σ, ρ and D are tensors.
In linear materials such as metals, and under low frequencies, the current density across the conductor surface is uniform. In such conditions, Ohm's law states that the current is directly proportional to the potential difference between two ends (across) of that metal (ideal) resistor (or other ohmic device):
where is the current, measured in amperes; is the potential difference, measured in volts; and is the resistance, measured in ohms. For alternating currents, especially at higher frequencies, skin effect causes the current to spread unevenly across the conductor cross-section, with higher density near the surface, thus increasing the apparent resistance.
The mobile charged particles within a conductor move constantly in random directions, like the particles of a gas. In order for there to be a net flow of charge, the particles must also move together with an average drift rate. Electrons are the charge carriers in metals and they follow an erratic path, bouncing from atom to atom, but generally drifting in the opposite direction of the electric field. The speed at which they drift can be calculated from the equation:
Typically, electric charges in solids flow slowly. For example, in a copper wire of cross-section 0.5 mm2, carrying a current of 5 A, the drift velocity of the electrons is on the order of a millimetre per second. To take a different example, in the near-vacuum inside a cathode ray tube, the electrons travel in near-straight lines at about a tenth of the speed of light.
Any accelerating electric charge, and therefore any changing electric current, gives rise to an electromagnetic wave that propagates at very high speed outside the surface of the conductor. This speed is usually a significant fraction of the speed of light, as can be deduced from Maxwell's Equations, and is therefore many times faster than the drift velocity of the electrons. For example, in AC power lines, the waves of electromagnetic energy propagate through the space between the wires, moving from a source to a distant load, even though the electrons in the wires only move back and forth over a tiny distance.
The ratio of the speed of the electromagnetic wave to the speed of light in free space is called the velocity factor, and depends on the electromagnetic properties of the conductor and the insulating materials surrounding it, and on their shape and size.
The magnitudes (but, not the natures) of these three velocities can be illustrated by an analogy with the three similar velocities associated with gases.
This analogy is extremely simplistic and incomplete: The rapid propagation of a sound wave does not impart any change in the air molecules' drift velocity, whereas EM waves do carry the energy to propagate the actual current at a rate which is much, much higher than the electrons' drift velocity. To illustrate the difference: The sound and the change in the air's drift velocity (the force of the wind gust) cross distance at rates equaling the speeds of sound and of mechanical transmission of force (not higher than rate of drift velocity); while a change in an EM field and the change in current (electrons' drift velocity) both propagate across distance at rates much higher than the actual drift velocity. You can hear wind much earlier than the force of the gust reaches you, but you do not observe a change in an EM field earlier than you can observe the change of current.
Electric current produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field can be visualized as a pattern of circular field lines surrounding the wire.
Electric current can be directly measured with a galvanometer, but this method involves breaking the electrical circuit, which is sometimes inconvenient. Current can also be measured without breaking the circuit by detecting the magnetic field associated with the current. Devices used for this include Hall effect sensors, current clamps, current transformers, and Rogowski coils.
The theory of Special Relativity allows one to transform the magnetic field into a static electric field for an observer moving at the same speed as the charge in the diagram. The amount of current is particular to a reference frame.
A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction. Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention for the direction of current which is independent of the type of charge carriers is needed. The direction of conventional current is defined arbitrarily to be the direction of the flow of positive charges.
In metals, which make up the wires and other conductors in most electrical circuits, the positive charges are immobile, and the charge carriers are electrons. Because the electron carries negative charge, the electron motion in a metal conductor is in the direction opposite to that of conventional (or electric) current.
When analyzing electrical circuits, the actual direction of current through a specific circuit element is usually unknown. Consequently, each circuit element is assigned a current variable with an arbitrarily chosen reference direction. When the circuit is solved, the circuit element currents may have positive or negative values. A negative value means that the actual direction of current through that circuit element is opposite that of the chosen reference direction. In electronic circuits the reference current directions are usually chosen so that all currents flow toward ground. This often matches conventional current direction, because in many circuits the power supply voltage is positive with respect to ground.
The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.[10] [11]
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric charge flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for direct current was galvanic current.[12]
In alternating current (AC, also ac), the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. In direct current (DC, also dc), the flow of electric charge is only in one direction.
AC is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences. The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is a sine wave. In certain applications, different waveforms are used, such as triangular or square waves. Audio and radio signals carried on electrical wires are also examples of alternating current. In these applications, an important goal is often the recovery of information encoded (or modulated) onto the AC signal.
Natural examples include lightning and the solar wind, the source of the polar auroras (the aurora borealis and aurora australis).
The human caused occurrences of electric current includes the flow of conduction electrons in metal wires, such as the overhead power lines that deliver electrical energy across long distances and the smaller wires within electrical and electronic equipment. Eddy currents are electric currents that occur in conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields. Similarly, electric currents occur, particularly in the surface, of conductors exposed to electromagnetic waves. When oscillating electric currents flow at the correct voltages within radio antennas, radio waves are generated.
In electronics, other forms of electric current include the flow of electrons through resistors or through the vacuum in a vacuum tube, the flow of ions inside a battery or a neuron, and the flow of holes within a semiconductor.
Current can be measured using an ammeter.
At the circuit level, there are various techniques that can be used to measure current:


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Innova Disc Golf Innova Shark DX Mid-Range Golf Disc: Assorted Colors
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The Shark is the perfect mid-range disc for players of all skill levels.
- Slightly Understable, with a Distance Rating of 4
- A very accurate disc for drives, approach shots, and putting
- Best Choice for stable straight, Hyzer and sidearm mid-range shots
- Beginners will benefit from the smooth rim and consistent release
- Good carry and makes long approaches easy to reach
- Disc Diameter: 21.7cm
- Assorted Colors in the bin; color choices cannot be guaranteed
- DX Plastic offers great grip at a great price
- Disc Weight Range: 150-180g
Item Specifications | |
Color | Assorted Colors |
Disc Type | Mid-Range |
Disc Type | Putter |
Disc Material | DX |
Defined Color | Assorted Colors |
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Matthew L. Ganey, PGA
Main Address:
Country Club Of Orlando
Orlando, FL 32804-6603
(407) 425-2319
Orlando, FL 32804-6603
(407) 425-2319
Matthew Ganey is a PGA Professional in Orlando, FL. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
National Awards
- 2010 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
(407) 425-2319


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Bossier City, La — A memorial ceremony in remembrance of the victims of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks will be held Tuesday morning in Bossier City.
The event will take place at 10 a.m. at the Liberty Garden inside the Bossier City Municipal Complex between the Bossier City Police and Fire Departments, 620 Benton Road. The public is invited to attend.
The event will feature remarks from Bossier City Mayor Lorenz Walker and Bossier Parish Sheriff Julian Whittington with the keynote address provided by State Representative Henry Burns. The Airline High School JROTC Color Guard will also take part.
The event is sponsored by Keep Bossier Beautiful and the City of Bossier City.


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George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill
Item # HN-EMG1158- Patented sloped design with double non-stick coating
- Preheat indicator light for convenience
- Can cook up to 2 servings
- Dishwasher-safe
- Dimensions: 9.5L x 5.7W x 10.25H in.
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by PowerReviewsMost Liked Positive Review
I love this grill and have now upgraded
I have used this grill for years and although it is a pain to clean because the plates do not come out, the food it produces is awesome!! Of course never use cooking...Read complete review
I have used this grill for years and although it is a pain to clean because the plates do not come out, the food it produces is awesome!! Of course never use cooking spray, and you should oil the grill so it does not stick, but most of the oil runs off anyway in cooking. I personall just plopped this sucker in my sink, not full of water of course and let a bit of water run on the plate and used a soft sponge to whip it off. I have never had major issues getting food off the grill. I just upgraded to the next grilleration, because I cook for my parents and needed a bigger version. I'd say that with some practice, you will find any of these grill products just what u need, to making cooking faster and easier. I make a lot of scallops and shrimp on the grill, and burgers and even just veggies. You will be happy you try it, just remember to take good care of your non stick, and do not use metal, or scrubbies that will take off the coating. I have had mine for about 7 years and it is still fully intact.
Most Liked Negative Review
efficient but difficult to clean
My sister purchased this grill for me a couple of years ago. It's efficient in grilling burgers, chicken breasts, and fish. But, it's very difficult to clean. I used it at least...Read complete review
My sister purchased this grill for me a couple of years ago. It's efficient in grilling burgers, chicken breasts, and fish. But, it's very difficult to clean. I used it at least 30 times or more, but the nonstick surface eventually wore down. My kit did not include a sponge. Perhaps, using the sponge would prevent coating break-down. I'm planning on purchasing a removable plate grill, but it seems as though removable plates are only included in larger grills. I tried broiling burgers in my oven yesterday night, and I realized that I need to purchase another grill. I threw away this smaller model a few months ago because it was no longer useful to me with the worn down surface and difficulty in cleaning. I'm hoping my next George Foreman with removable plates will be more useful than my last.
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Comments about George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill:
I consider this to be an excellant product and would reccommend it to anyone.
Comments about George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill:
Awesome grill! We have used it almost every day since we purchased it! So quick and easy to use. ... and to clean up! Love it! Would highly recommend this to anyone! !
Comments about George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill:
Wipe immediately with a paper towel while the grill is hot, (watch your fingers!) and it will clean up with no effort. Then wipe again with another paper towel (wet this time) after it is cool. Great grill. Does veggies as well as meat perfectly.
Comments about George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill:
I love the grill. I have fixed bacon and did a steak and all of it turned out just right. I would like to have more instructions on cooking times for other things. Not enough instructions. Other than that, it's great. Thank You!
Comments about George Foreman GR10WSP1 Indoor Grill:
I received this grill as a gift. I proudly admit that I have owned this model for over 2 and a half years and this grill has NEVER quit on me. I used this grill to cook all kinds of meat such as steak, pork chops, chicken breasts, franks, hamburgers, etc. As the grill cooks the meat, it creates the unique delicious "Foreman" aroma in the house! I warn future customers that if you want to use this model to cook marinated meats on it, you'll be in for a huge disappointment. I used to cook numerous marinated cuts of meat and it cooked the meat to perfection, but cleaning the plates became a challenging task over time. I found out that as the plates cook the meat, the marinade had the tendency to melt and cling onto the non-stick coating. I had to use numerous genuine George Foreman Grill sponges to get all of the melted marinade off the grill plates. Bottom Line: Don't use this model for 'grilling' marinated cuts of meat. Cleaning the plates will be a challenge because the plates are NOT removable. If you want to look for a model for also cooking marinated cuts of meat, I strongly recommend researching for a model that has removable grill plates to make cleaning an easier task.
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Macreddin Village, Aughrim
Macreddin Village Food Markets run from April to October and are held the first Sunday of each month. Wild and Organic foods, cheeses, chutneys, crepes, fruit, veg, meat, fish and so much more….
Local Markets
Macreddin Village Food Markets
North Wicklow Country Market
Newcastle Village Community Centre, Newcastle, Tel.: +353 86 870 8517 / 087 395 8831
North Wicklow Country Market has been in existence for over 38 years and is a member of Country Markets Limited which have over 60 markets in Ireland. All products at the market are produced locally by members and these include cakes, biscu


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If you have a Wet Seal in your area, you may want to stop in this weekend for their 5 items for $20 sale going on in stores only till 9/23.
Find a location here.
This post may contain affiliate links. For more information please refer to our Disclosure Policy.


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greatlakes4x4.com is the premier Great Lakes 4x4 Forum on the internet. Registered Users do not see the above ads.
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December 20th, 2011, 09:10 PM | #1 |
Does not own a jeep...
98 f150, out side of normal inspection
i just inherited my grandpas 1998 f150 ext. short box 4x4. i am not a ford guy at all but because this was my grandpas truck i want to take very good care of it. It only has 90k on it but is there any major this that go wrong with these trucks out side of the regular wear and tear items?
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December 22nd, 2011, 11:10 PM | #3 |
Senior Member
what xj said plus ignition coils/blown out spark plugs (on v8's), 4x4 front end shift fork, and manifold leaks. Make sure you have it checked for the fuel tank strap recall. Don't wanna run over your own fuel tank. :)
December 23rd, 2011, 12:30 AM | #5 | |
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these motors like there oil changes, so stay on top of those. ive had a few 5.4s and a 4.6 never have i had a plug blow out. iirc that was later on after 2000. when the manifolds leak replace with headers its easy to do while you have it apart and you will like the results. motorcraft finewire platinum plugs, motorcraft oil filters and you should have a truck that will last a long time. theres alot of info for mods out there. f150online is a good site. long tube headers, exhaust, chip, intake and electric fan will make the truck fun to drive. |
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I have trouble keeping my mash temp over the course of the hour. But I can't decide whether to fire up the keggle during the hour and risk scorching the grains/overheating or leave it alone and let it drop to low 140's if stirred? FYI:I do the later more often than not and I never stir. The temp on top of mash usually reads 147-148 by end of 60 minutes. I always raise temp to 165+ for mash out and get between 68-73% efficiency.
Diamond Head Brewery (DHB) Carboy #1: Tallgrass Talcyon Wheat Carboy #2: Full Sail Amber Clone Carboy #3: Graff In the Hole: Keg #5: Citra Pale Ale Keg #1: Darth Vader (Black IPA) Keg #2: Smash Ale Keg #3: Amayson Saison Keg #4: Citra Pale Ale
That efficiency isn't bad. Do you use insulation on your tun during the mash? I have a 15.5 gal sanke tun that I put reflectix insulation on, and I only lose maybe 2 degrees in 70 - 80 mins...
I use a blanket I rap around it, but not every time. Honestly, looking back on past brews it seems to make no difference.
I tried the blanket thing at first, and it is highly inefficient. I actually use the reflectix and blankets (I forgot to mention that).. After I started doing that my temp stayed stable. The reflectix works. I also set it up so that I have a heating pad in between the layers of the reflectix. If I'm worried the temp is dropping too much I just turn the heating pad on to high.


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Boyce Ditto Public Library
Resource Type:
A. F. Weaver Collection
A Camera Trip Through Camp Wolters
Date: unknown
Creator: unknown
Description: Shown here is a booklet of 15 folios, 9 1/4" x 6 1/8", detailing life for the inmates of Camp Wolters. The booklet displays no copyright date, but the illustrations strongly suggest World War II. The booklet is in poor condition, and it is probably perishing from old age.
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library
Souvenir Views of Mineral Wells, Texas
Date: unknown
Creator: Yeager Drug Co.
Description: Shown here is a bottle-shaped souvenir of Mineral Wells. It consists of fourteen folios, showing various views of the attractions found in Mineral Wells. The clothing of the people photographed suggests a date of the early twentieth century.
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library
Famous Mineral Water "At the Sign on of the Old Well"
Date: unknown
Creator: unknown
Description: None
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library
Crazy Hotel: Formal Opening Menu
Date: 1927
Creator: unknown
Description: This photograph shows a SOUVENIR MENU on the occasion of the formal opening of the Crazy Hotel on March 11, 1927. The hotel, now [2008] a retirement hotel, is still located on the corner of N. Oak Avenue and NW 3rd Street, Mineral Wells, Texas. It was closed as a retirement hotel, under a considerable cloud, in 2012.
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library
Three Railroads to Mineral Wells
Date: 1976
Creator: Payne, H. L.
Description: Pamphlet containing a brief history of the Weatherford, Mineral Wells and Northwestern Railway, the Gulf and Brazos Valley Railway, and the Gulf, Texas and Western Railway. It has a map of rail routes, photographs, and copies of schedules with ticket prices.
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library
[A Brochure, Titled "Mineral Wells - A Town Built on Water"]
Date: 1981~
Creator: unknown
Description: One side of a fold-out brochure produced by the Mineral Wells Chamber of Commerce, probably during the City's centennial year, 1981. On the reverse side is a statement: "Mineral Wells, a Texas Main Street City, looks back over a century of history rich with the tales of early day ranching and the discovery of mineral water and its medicinal qualities." Color photographs of the city and its scenic area landmarks are contained in the brochure, along with a listing of some annual local activities.
Contributing Partner: Boyce Ditto Public Library


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BASF has expanded production capacities for the company's Ultramid C–branded nylon copolymer for flexible food packaging films at Ludwigshafen, BASF announced today. The...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/BASF-completes-nylon-expansion-at-Ludwigshafen_59366.html February 12, 2014
Nexam (Lund, Sweden) and BASF have developed a cross-linkable nylon-6,6 and agreed to initiate the commercialization phase for the compound, Nexam announced. Nexam has awarded BASF...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Nexam-BASF-establish-partnership-for-cross-linkable-nylon-66-compound-commercialization_58769.html February 11, 2014
Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) says it has made a $25-million equity investment in Rennovia (Menlo Park, CA), a start-up developing catalytic processes for producing chemicals from...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/ADM-invests-in-biobased-nylon-start-up_58745.html December 19, 2013
Invista plans to become a significant supplier of nylon-12, building its position on a new monomer technology, the company announced on 18 December. Invista says it will soon employ...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Invista-plans-to-produce-nylon-12_57518.html October 30, 2013
Sunil Kumar, former president and CEO of International Specialty Products (ISP), has teamed up with his daughter, Monica Kumar, to acquire Nylon Corp. of America (Nycoa; Manchester, NH). Terms of the deal were not released....http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Sunil-Kumar-acquires-second-plastics-firm-Nycoa_56286.html October 23, 2013
Arkema (Colombes, France) and Addiplast (Saint-Pal-de-Mons, France), a company specializing in the manufacture of specialty compounds, have signed an agreement whereby Arkema will...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Arkema-to-supply-Addiplast-with-nylon-10-11-and-12_56110.html October 16, 2013
DSM has developed a special grade of its high-performance nylon-4T, for one of the first-ever integrated plastic holders for a light-emitting diode (LED) array, the company announced...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/K-2013-DSM-develops-special-grade-of-nylon-for-LED-applications_55979.html October 16, 2013
DSM has joined the Lightweight Integrated Process Application (LIPA) Team, established to develop an industrial process for the manufacture of endless-fiber-reinforced advanced...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/K-2013-DSM-joins-team-developing-process-for-advanced-thermoplastic-composite-parts_55978.html October 16, 2013
Ascend Performance Materials (Houston) announced today at the K 2013 plastics trade show, taking place in Düsseldorf, the start-up of a new compounding line at Pensacola, FL...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/K-2013-Ascend-starts-up-nylon-66-compounding-facility-at-Pensacola_55965.html October 15, 2013
DSM has signed an agreement with Petropol Polimeros (Mauá, Brazil) under which Petropol will produce DSM's Akulon-branded nylon-6 compounds. DSM will market the compounds...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/DSM-and-Petropol-Polimeros-in-agreement-for-production-and-marketing-of-nylon-6_55940.html October 2, 2013
Rennovia (Menlo Park, CA) has produced, and shipped to a prospective partner, samples of what it believes to be the first 100% biobased nylon-6,6. The product is made from Rennovia's...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Rennovia-ships-100-percent-biobased-nylon-66_55589.html September 20, 2013
Kuraray (Tokyo) says it has completed a ¥1-billion ($10 million) expansion of its Kashima, Japan, plant for the production of Genestar, a heat-resistant nylon resin used in auto parts and electrical and electronic components....http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Kuraray-aims-new-Genestar-capacity-at-LED-market_55277.html September 18, 2013
Brazil has imposed provisional antidumping duties on nylon imports originating in China, Thailand, and Taiwan, says Camex (Brasilia), Brazil's chamber of foreign trade. The antidumping...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Brazil-imposes-antidumping-duties-on-nylon-imports-from-three-Asian-countries_55230.html September 3, 2013
A. Schulman has purchased the Perrite Group (Warrington, UK), a thermoplastics manufacturing business with operations in Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and France, for approximately $52...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/A-Schulman-acquires-plastics-compounder-Perrite-Group-in-$52-million-deal_54877.html August 14, 2013
Toyobo do Brasil, a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyobo (Osaka), has decided to build an engineering plastics production plant at the company's Americana, Brazil site, the company...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Toyobo-to-build-engineering-plastics-plant-in-Brazil_54476.html August 8, 2013
BASF said today that it is building a new Ultramid nylon polymerization plant, with a capacity of 100,000 m.t./year, at Shanghai. The plant is scheduled onstream in 2015. "As...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/BASF-invests-in-nylon-polymerization-plant-in-China_54007.html July 30, 2013
Evonik Industries has begun operating a pilot plant for ω-amino lauric acid (ALS) at Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia, the company announced today. The biobased ALS is an...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Evonik-launches-pilot-production-of-biobased-lauric-acid-in-Slovakia_54064.html July 11, 2013
Radici Chimica (Bergamo, Italy) says it has signed an agreement with the Italian ministry for the environment to measure and reduce the company's environmental impact. The agreement...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Radici-Chimica-signs-agreement-to-measure-and-reduce-its-environmental-impact_53519.html June 25, 2013
The facility will have an initial installed capacity of 50 million lbs/year (23,000 m.t./year), which will ultimately be expanded to 150 million lbs/year....http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Softer-building-compounding-facility-to-enter-US-engineering-plastics-market_53112.html June 21, 2013
Solvay is investing in the adipic acid production line at its Chalampé, France site, the company announced today. The investment will result in a further improvement in the...http://www.chemweek.com/markets/engineering_plastics/nylon/Solvay-invests-to-improve-efficiency-at-adipic-acid-plant-in-France_53039.html |
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text:
Concierge Auctions Sells Big Sky, Montana Estate In The Exclusive Yellowstone Club And Returns To The Community With Another Auction
"I am honored to be working the Rainins and Concierge Auctions, with whom I have a successful partnership, having sold multiple properties together over the last year including another home within the Yellowstone Club, estates within The Club at Spanish Peaks and a 180-acre ranch estate in nearby Cameron, MT," Johnson stated. "I know that being a part of the Concierge team leads to success. I am looking forward to launching 16 Travertine and ultimately bringing a new family to this incredible community."
Big Sky is located approximately midway between West Yellowstone and Bozeman in the southwestern part of Montana. Nestled in the Rocky Mountains just west of the famed Gallatin River near the northwest corner of 2.2 million-acre Yellowstone National Park, the Club is a private residential community known for its exclusivity. In addition to world-renowned skiing and an 18-hole, championship caliber golf course, residents and visitors also enjoy mountain biking, fishing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, rock climbing and white water rafting. Warming huts, the extravagant Rainbow and Warren Miller Lodges and the Timberline Café, among others, offer guests fine dining, relaxation areas, retail shops and even a day spa. The closest airport is Gallatin Field Airport, located about 50 miles south in Belgrade.
This is Concierge Auctions' second auction within the Club in 2013. On Saturday Concierge sold 26 Obsidian Road — a 15,552-square-foot estate that was one of the first and largest residences built in the community. The sale was handled in cooperation with listing agents Lynn Milligan and Shawna Winter of Winter & Company Real Estate and buyer's agent Scott Samuels of Keller Williams St. Petersburg. The buyers are from Florida and will be new residents of the community and new members of the Club.
"Concierge Auctions is pleased to return Big Sky, where our platform has proven successful as recently as Saturday, with the sale of 26 Obsidian Road. We're fortunate to have established relationships with agents like Martha Johnson, who understand the benefits of combining our resources to find the ideal owners for these unique, luxurious properties," stated Laura Brady, President of Concierge Auctions. "The Rainins are dream clients — motivated to sell and confident in our ability to achieve fair market value. The stage is set for buyers in search of today's best opportunity to purchase an exclusive mountain chalet. This is it: 16 Travertine Road."
The auction of 16 Travertine will be held on February 22 nd. A 3% commission is offered to the buyer's representing broker. The property will be open for preview daily from 1 to 4 p.m. by appointment. See Auction Terms and Conditions for full details. For more information visit BigSkyAuction.com, call 877.812.0402, or join the social discussion at #16Travertine. About Concierge Auctions : Concierge Auctions is the preeminent luxury real estate auction firm serving high-end sellers nationwide through an accelerated marketing process that obtains fair market value for high-end properties in a 60-day timeframe. The company has executed auctions from New York to Hawaii and hosts a database that includes more than 100,000 luxury real estate buyers and agents from all 50 states and 38 countries and territories. The principals of Concierge Auctions have been involved in the transfer of more than $2 billion in luxury real estate sales over the past 10 years. For more information, call 888-966-4759 or visit ConciergeAuctions.com.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text:
Far from knocking Food LionSubmitted by SurfCityTom on Fri, 01/21/2011 - 2:38pm.
I often name Food Lion as a place those who live on entitlements can work for. My poorly worded attempt at association was to point out the lifestyle differences between playing college sports; earning a degree; possibly entering pro sports; and living a well heeled lifestyle as opposed to the opportunities awaiting one who is a Father and still in High School »
Reply |


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i thought this might be a good gentle shampoo to give my hair a break from the deep cleansing ones I normally use.
It does seem gentle but makes my hair too slippery, flyaway and fluffy. Silky, but with no grip or body.This might be due to the added proteins (pretty common in V05 products).
The strawberry scent is really cheap/artificial, not tart and fruity.
Water (Aqua), Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Chloride, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Fragrance, Glycol Stearate, DMDM Hydantoin, Polyquaternium-7, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Disodium EDTA, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Red 40 (CI 16035), Red 33 (CI 17200), Red 4 (CI 14700), Polysorbate 20, Propylene Glycol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Soymilk, Panthenol, Fragaria Vesca Leaf Extract (Strawberry), Ascorbic Acid, Niacinamide, Biotin
This is in my line up of go to daily shampoos, it's a very basic shampoo, but it never disappoints. It smells absolutely delicious and gets my hair squeaky clean, it is just a teeny bit drying, but for this price range it's expected. It's much better than a lot of other VO5 or Sauve shampoo as far as moisture retention.
I only wash my hair 3 times a week so it works well for my lifestyle. I need a little strip when I've gone all weekend without washing my hair (gross, but that's restaurant life!).
I never pair this w/ the matching conditioner though, IMO it's not made well enough. I use this shampoo with sauve professionals conditioner and the two make a nice team.
More reviews by UrbanObsession
This smells like a strawberry cupcake!! If it were edible, I would absolutely devour it, and it's 79 cents, so if you hate it, then you're not out a whole bunch of money. I personally like Vo5 shampoos because they don't build up in my thick hair, instead they leave it looking thicker and full of vitality. This shampoo is no exception, it may be a bit drying for everyday use, so I counteract this by adding some EVOO to it for moisture. Love this yummy shampoo and highly recommend.
More reviews by fashionista121
So I was looking for a really cheap product for my generally "out-of-control" hair and I stumbled upon this one at the dollar tree. Yep, it was just for a dollar! So I obviously had to try it.
So I've been using it for a couple weeks and I'm not too let down by the results, yet not exactly happy with them either. It can't be used without a conditioner. And it dries out your hair a bit, too.
But for the price, everything else about it is great. It stays true to its fragrance (very yummy) and lathers up and cleans your hair out very well. Just be sure to use a good conditioner afterwards. Tryy it! :)
I have been on the search for my HG shampoo & condish for as long as I can remember and of all things to work for me, the VO5 Moisture Milks Shampoo & Conditioner do. I've used the Strawberries & Cream as well as the Passionfruit Smoothie. Both were labeled "Moisture Milks" and not "Smoothing" that I saw anywhere on the package.
The shampoo lathers well and cleanses without stripping. The shampoo moisturizes without weighing my (fine) hair down. And the best part: my usually tangle-prone hair is easy to comb through.
I seriously cannot believe these are $1.00 each! That is just insane.
My only complaint is that the product literally flies out of the bottle top if you're not careful...DO NOT SQUEEZE! :) After one or two uses you get the hang of it, but it would be nice if they redesigned so the flow was slower.
I can't see myself buying another brand of shampoo & condish as long as these continue to work so well for me.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I love the scent of this shampoo. It lathers well and it leaves behind nice, soft hair. Its really cheap so I can buy if I run out of other pricier shampoos.
Every couple years I grow my hair out and I end up going back to one of the V05s because for whatever reason they make my fine hair look way thicker. I used to use the "extra body" shampoo but the smell bothers me now (was the fragrance always that strong? Who knows) so I picked up the green tea one and the strawberries and cream version....and all I can say is this: when I use the strawberries and cream type I can feel my hair thickening as I lather. No doubt this is psychological - I dunno - but whatever it is I'm converting. Will pick up some of the conditioner this weekend at the CVS Black Friday extravaganza. I alternate this with Infusium Volumologie and frankly this works better for me. Dare I call it an HG? Yup.
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
More reviews by peppermintpolish
LOVE this shampoo! The scent is great, and it helps control my frizzy/wavy/curly hair.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Under a buck and works great. I need a few shampoos in my rotation to take out all the build up so I keep this in my shower. I love it and only need a tiny bit to sud up my hair and get it clean. It's super thin so you'll probably over squeeze too much the first time you use it - but once you learn you shouldn't do it again! I'm bummed I didn't know this before I tried it as a ton of it got wasted! But for the price it can't be beat. Now I need to find a good clarifying shampoo to replace the Pantene Pro-V clarifying shampoo that is discontinued! HELP!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


text:
GH's Fiction Story Contest Grand-Prize Winner: Layers of Love - Page 5
By Lori Rader Day
Special Offers
Sam looks over at me, frowning. "Are you crazy?"
"Just a minute." Snow swirls in when I swing open the door. I pull it closed again and walk back toward the couch.
"I told you," he says, smiling.
"Merry Christmas," I say, smiling back. I grab my trifle and spoon.
Outside the wind rushes up from the cold ground. Snow pellets land harsh across my face. I leave man-size footprints across my lawn and into the neighbors', and turn back to enjoy them and my house, the windows filled with tree lights. The neighbors' house is dark except for a quiet orange circle of light in a window upstairs.
I crouch down, grab the basketball, and shake loose the snow. I have to form it back into a bowl. For a moment I'm uncertain. This is a religious rite, but not my own. Surely it is selfish to bribe someone else's gods.
But, I think, turning back to the orange circle of light in the neighbors' window, not everything I wanted is for me. Shaking snow from the ball again, I begin to think of spring, when my neighbors' flowering tree will bloom, and of how every morning when the woman's son comes home from work, she meets him at the door and draws him in with her reedy arm. I think about holding our children tightly, and start to spoon trifle into the basketball's wide mouth.
Meet the Winner
Lori Rader Day grew up in Indiana and now lives in Chicago with her husband. She has an MFA in creative writing and is currently working on a mystery novel. Her winning entry drew raves from best-selling author/judge Jodi Picoult: "The subtlety of an unreliable narrator's character development was what blew me away in this story. Jolie's complaints only serve to help the reader and eventually Jolie herself see her own fears and flaws more clearly."
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text: Will this ban also mean that people who find a stray pet cannot place an ad to find them a home ? We didn't breed these animals an we should still be allowwed to place ads to find them safe loving homes an sometimes that means charging a small rehoming fee to keep them from being sold to labs. All my pets are fixed but I always end up with cats/kittens and dogs/puppies that are homeless, I place ads to find them homes, I do not sell them for profit. Am I suppose to just turn my back on them now?


text: ALL GLORY TO THE HYPNOTOAD Luke PlunkettProfileFollowUnfollow Luke PlunkettFiled to: Blip Nintendo Mario tshirt Clothing Humor 3/22/11 1:30am 3/22/11 1:30am EditDelete InviteInvite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for KotakuHideShare to KinjaShare to FacebookShare to PinterestShare to TwitterGo to permalink You can grab this shirt for $10 from Ript. See here for reference. 82Reply 82Discuss


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I have trouble with my knees so I bought this memory foam pillow. I thought this would help my knees and it did. I fold the pillow in two and place it under my knee. It does exactly what I wanted it to do and I am very happy that I bought it. I would recommend it to anyone. One other comment about the memory foam pillow was It seemed smaller than I thought it would be, but it does a good job for me.
The travel pillow pleases my wife for extended trips in the car. It is flexible and she can bend it to fit differing positions.
This version with memory foam and fleece covering is a dramatic improvement over the original.(which used some kind of filler beads and a slippery cover) Loved it from the second I got it!!
This scrunchabel pillow works expecially well in limited or cramped quarters. If you want to rest your nek or shoulder, just twist it up to fit a comfortable spot and lean back (or sideways) on it.
Would not recommend--designed poorly for air travel.
Great travel pillow, especially for daily commuting on the train!
this pillow is pretty in color but too small and very unconfortable, i got up with neck pain after i had it on my neck all night. i would not recommended to any of my family or friends.
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Nov 20, 2012, 04:24 PM | |||
I think this is true in some respects but for the most part I find FPV easier, mainly because i never lose orientation. I'm flying multis and the takeoff and landings were a little scary at first, but now I prefer FPV and only fly LOS to check things out. here's my latest outting this weekend.
BTW: I'm wanting a new video Rx antenna. I'm currently running 1280 MHz with diversity with a SPW and a stock whip on the GS, CL on the Tx. I want a circularly polarized, directional antenna to replace the whip. Would you recommend a helical or a bi-quad or other?
Nov 20, 2012, 04:52 PM | ||
HTH Markus |
Nov 20, 2012, 06:05 PM | ||
Thanks |
Nov 21, 2012, 12:36 AM | |
I'm sorry, earlier when I asked about bi-quad vs helical, I meant cross-hair vs helical, since I'm looking for cp. Sorry for the confusion. So, how do these antennas compare? It looks like the 5 turn helical and bi-quad have similar gains, so what are the advantages/disadvantages of one over the other? I still think I'm leaning towards the lower gain 3 turn helical, but I'm just curious. Thanks
Nov 21, 2012, 08:16 AM | ||
I think for what you have in mind a lower turn helical is a better choice because it has a wider beam. I would NOT combind a helical with an SPW. You will have more "bad switching" of the diversity than you like this way. Either go for a single helical, but then disable the second receiver or use two identical ones right from start. The helical has enough sensitivity to land even behind you if used allone. Markus |
Nov 21, 2012, 09:28 AM | ||
Nov 21, 2012, 10:45 AM | |
From what I understand, the Crosshair is generally superior to the Helical at <10dbic.
(I couldn't find a radiation pattern for the 5 turn IBCrazy helicals, so this is just a "generic helical" radiation pattern. Look at the pattern, not the dbic numbers) Crosshair
Sources: http://fpvlab.com/forums/showthread....air-vs-Helical http://fpvlab.com/forums/showthread....enna-tutorial! http://fpvlab.com/forums/showthread....gains-lt-10dBi http://fpvlab.com/forums/showthread....crosshair-5.8! |
Nov 21, 2012, 11:02 AM | ||
I do of course not generally doubth what you (or better said Alex and Hugo) tell us about this antenna, but again, the information base of the crosshair is very thin compared to the helical. So what I try to say is to keep this in mind when doing comparisons. Just my 2¢ of course. Markus |
Nov 21, 2012, 11:55 AM | |
Joined Feb 2011
2,098 Posts
I could not disagree less lol. It's far easier to fly FPV, the thing is that doing it right and comfortably requires a lot of knowledge and a very decent setup. Cut too much corners and it'll come right back to haunt you.
From a technical point of view it's not really that difficult if you are well prepared and listen to correct advise. |
Nov 21, 2012, 12:15 PM | ||
Joined Jan 2012
250 Posts
Hope you have a great Thanksgiving!! Best Michael |
Nov 21, 2012, 05:32 PM | |
Question for the FPV experts.
I'm flying a RMRC 800 mw 900mhz system with one of their Rx (including saw upgrade). I have a small LCD scree for viewing and am using the stock antennas. I had my Rx Velcroed to the back of my LCD and it seems to greatly reduce my range. I used my TV with a friends Rx setup and was able to fly almost a mile. Does the TV interfere with the Rx? |
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OLD LYME, CONNECTICUT – APRIL 2008: Drawing on its unparalleled expertise in CD-R technology, HHB is showing, what could well be the world's most advanced professional audio CD recorder, their new CDR-882 DualBurn, at the 2008 NAB Show(tm).
The HHB CDR-882 DualBurn is compatible with all types of CD-R media, both low and high-speed up to 52X, including HHB's own new CDR80HS 2X-52X disc. With genuine REC-REC drive configuration, the CDR-882 resolves the inherent limitations of previous generation CD recorders by supporting seamless extended recording time across two or more discs, as well as simultaneous recording of two discs, high-speed duplication and intelligent disc management.
The CDR-882 is designed from the ground up for high-end performance in a range of professional music recording and digital media applications. Full 24-bit A/D and D/A converters with noise-shaped dither onto CD combine with a high-quality quartz crystal-derived internal clock and audiophile-grade analogue circuitry to deliver superior sonic performance.
Build quality is similarly uncompromised, with the CDR-882 weighing in at 6.7 kg / 14.7 lbs. Unlike adapted consumer devices, the CDR-882 uses high-quality IDE CD-R drives mounted in a massive steel 2U rack-mounting chassis to ensure reliable, glitch-free recording, even in unfavorable environments such as live concerts.
Comprehensive professional connectivity includes balanced XLR analogue I/O, unbalanced phono analogue I/O, balanced XLR AES/EBU digital I/O, coaxial and optical S/PDIF digital I/O, external word clock input, RS232 remote control and parallel control interface. An on-board sample rate converter accepts digital signals from 32-96kHz, and the CDR-882 ships with an infra-red remote control.
A full complement of professional features equips the CDR-882 for a wide variety of tasks. Track IDs may be manually created, or auto-generated from the digital input, audio level threshold or time period, both of which are user-definable. When recording seamlessly across two or more discs, track IDs are inserted when the next disc starts, and where the user-definable fade out and fade in start and finish. With an overlap between the two discs, the whole program can either be played back uninterrupted in the CDR-882, or easily reconstructed in a DAW using the track IDs to precisely align the audio from the two or more discs.
The CDR-882 supports CD Text, and makes its own use of it to identify multi-disc recordings and the correct order.
The versatility of the CDR-882 is enhanced further by the inclusion of Sync Record and Disc Copy modes, a Program mode to enable selective track record/replay, and Single/Clone modes to select recording to one or both drives.
Commenting on the launch of the CDR-882, HHB Managing Director, Ian Jones, says, "With CD-R continuing to play an important role in all kinds of professional applications, we've used our experience in CD-R technology to build the ultimate CD recorder, providing users with advanced record and playback facilities, along with uncompromised sonic performance, high-end build-quality and comprehensive professional connectivity."
The CDR-882 will be available in April 2008 with an MSRP of $1,149.00.
HHB products are distributed exclusively in the United States, Mexico, Central and South America and the Caribbean by Sennheiser Electronic Corporation. HHB joins a list of distinguished audio brands distributed by Sennheiser, including Neumann microphones and Klein + Hummel studio systems and installed sound products.
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Incessant rain hits production
Natural rubber prices have taken a sharp upturn owing to disruption of production following incessant rain, reaching a high of Rs.194 a kg for the Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)-4 grade in the Kottayam and Kochi markets on Tuesday.
George Valy, president of the Indian Rubber Dealers' Federation, said Rs.194 was the weighted average and transactions had taken place at the rate of Rs.196 even on Tuesday.
Natural rubber prices which had touched Rs.180 a kg in July had come down to a more realistic Rs.160 by August after the declaration of the new import duty regime. The month of September saw the prices stabilise around the same level, the average for the month being Rs.166.45 a kg. Natural rubber production during the month recorded a rise of 4.3 per cent, a Rubber Board statement said.
However, with the rain extending into October, the prices started climbing. After a five-week gaining streak, they ended in an all-time high for the month — Rs.190 on October 30.
Natural rubber production during the month could be less by over 10 per cent than the earlier estimate, board sources said.
On Monday, prices continued to go north and reached Rs.192.
Tapping resumes
Mr. Valy said the traditional growing areas in Central Kerala had experienced relatively sunny weather in the past few days and tapping had resumed, but the Malabar region was still experiencing heavy rain.
Little natural rubber had reached the internal market, he said, pointing to possible hoarding by growers. "They are expecting the prices to breach the golden mark of Rs.200 a kg," he said.
Global prices
International prices too were showing a nominal recovery, with Bangkok prices for the comparable grade fetching Rs.178.68 a kg on Monday.
The projected Indian output of natural rubber for 2010 is 8.93 lakh tonnes, denoting an increase of 7.4 per cent from the previous year. Consumption is expected to reach a whopping 9.78 lakh tonnes, registering an increase of 5 per cent during the period.
Keywords: rubber prices, Ribbed Smoked Sheet


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Viva Spring!
• 31 Mar, 2009 • Catégorie: Chloe, contemporary traveler •I will finally be able to show my little light sweater and my beautiful legs. With Jules, we really dream of celebrating the rise of the sun rays by wandering around for a few days in the most beautiful regions of France, and discover the design hotels and the eco-chic charm. Lying on the grass, listening to the sound of birds, whispering sweet words in the ear, spring comes naturally, softly and smoothly. Here are some of my favorite places to share with you for you to profit your spring.
In full Garrigue
It is hard to resist the south of France on spring, with its small stone paths and its first vernal rays. An unusual and chic stopover, Hotel Disini, near Montpellier, does not lack of charm at all.
Disini Hotel – 1, rue des Carrières, 34160 Castries, France -T. : +184.108.40.206.97.86
My other favourite? Brunel Hotel, which offers nine rooms with nine different environments and carries you into five different continents, but at the same time, they keep the sublime landscape of Lozère that surrounds the hotel on the backdrop.
Hôtel Restaurant Brunel- Le Rocher Blanc, 48200 La Garde, France -T. : +188.8.131.52.90.09
Between heaven and earth
Spring is also an opportunity to nourish yourself with seafood cuisine and why not having a seafood platter, just like at Hôtel de la Vallée located on the Emerald Coast, in Dinard at Brittany. Here, the chic liner atmosphere can be felt thanks to the waterfront decoration and design.
Hôtel de la Vallée- 6, avenue George V, 35800 Dinard, France- T. : +33 (0)126.96.36.199.00
Another perfect getaway, as if you lost in the midst of vineyards, Hotel Le Saint-James in Bordeaux offers moments of relaxation, around the table and a good glass of wine. The hotel has an exceptionally attractive design inspired by Jean Nouvel.
Hôtel Le Saint-James- 3, place Camille Hostein, 33270 Bouliac, France- T. : +33 (0)5.57.97.06.00
If you go further north, the Hotel Les Rives in Guebwiller in Alsace, on one side emphasizes its contemporary side and on the other side, its eco side, being located just at the bottom of the Vosges.
Hôtel Les Rives-Le Domaine du Lac, 244, rue de la République, 68500 Guebwiller, France-T. : +18.104.22.168.15.00
At Spa Lecoq-Gadby Hotel in Rennes, you will have the opportunity to be pampered in a green environment, in this 100% ecological hotel. At the poolside or in the garden, daisies surrounded the hotel, "Fairies Whisper " care based on apple cider and Sarazin wheat, this will without a doubt give you an eco-friendly experience.
Hôtel Spa Lecoq-Gadby-156, rue d'Antrain, 35700 Rennes, France- T. : 33 (0)2.99.38.05.55
On the Spain's air
Change of atmosphere at Zazpi Hotel in Saint-Jean-de-Luz. This boutique hotel is invigorating, pile in the trend where the spring buds of the fruit trees and colors of the flowers in the parks, take control of its design. Inspired by the living art of the Basque, with a little Spanish touch, this hotel, which consists of 7 rooms (of which 2 are suites), displays energy and cheerful colors: green apple color, blue, red and white, on each of floors of the hotel. We will absolutely leave with some souvenirs, because here everything is showed, everything can be looked and can be bought!
Zazpi Hotel-21, boulevard Thiers, 64500 Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France- T. : +33 (0)5.59.26.07.77
A little farther, the magnificent Villa Arguibelle that warms our heart and draws us likes a magnet. Sumptuous with its neo-Basque style and architecture, this hotel on the heights of Guethary, offers a journey of culture and art throughout the room.
Villa Arguibel-1146, Chemin de Laharraga, 64210 Guethary-Ahetze, France- T. : +33 (0)18.104.22.168.46
A breath of fresh air.
If you prefer a trip to the mountains, the Hotel Saint-Roch Courchevel offers a great opportunity to find what you need in Carita Spa.
Le Saint-Roch-Piste de Bellecote, BP 3, 73121 Courchevel Cedex, France- T. : +33 (0)4.79.08.02.66
In a totally different atmosphere, Cashmere Chalet in Megève combines sober colors and clean lines in the heart of the Alps. Come on, breathe deeply and take a breath of pure oxygen and enjoy the nature!
Le Chalet Cashmere-210, Chemin de Fanou, 74120 Megève, France, T.: +33(0)4 50 78 27 44


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Loaded Smashed Taters Recipe
I can make an entire pot of smashed taters in the time it takes to bake a single potato. I like to use baby Yukon Golds because the skins are very thin and easy to mash. Make this to your taste—sometimes I add in garlic and chives or sub shallots for the green onions. My husband loves these potatoes with a steak, and even my 20-month-old daughter enjoys them! —Andrea Quiroz, Chicago, Illinois
- 2-1/2 pounds baby Yukon Gold potatoes
- 1 cup 2% milk, warmed
- 1/2 cup spreadable garlic and herb cream cheese
- 3 tablespoons butter, softened
- 1 pound bacon strips, cooked and crumbled
- 1 cup (4 ounces) shredded cheddar cheese
- 1/2 cup shredded Parmesan cheese
- 3 green onions, chopped
- 1/3 cup oil-packed sun-dried tomatoes, chopped
- 2 teaspoons dried parsley flakes
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon pepper
- Place potatoes in a large saucepan; add water to cover. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cook, uncovered, 15-20 minutes or until tender.
- Drain; return to pan. Lightly mash potatoes, gradually adding milk, cream cheese and butter to reach desired consistency. Stir in bacon, cheeses, green onions, tomatoes, parsley, salt and pepper. Yield: 8 servings.
Originally published as Loaded Smashed Taters in Taste of Home
December 2013
Reviews for Loaded Smashed Taters
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Reviewed Dec. 27, 2013
"Great variation on regular mashed potatoes. My sons loved the bacon; we enjoyed the different cheese flavors and substituted chives for the parsley. We doubled the recipe and needed to adjust the prep time upward."
Reviewed Dec. 8, 2013
"Delicious to the eye and easy to make. DH and I thought it good, but, with so many ingredients, it was hard to taste the potatoes, and it overwhelmed our palates. We did not enjoy the garlic and herb cream cheese and would use plain garlic and herbs. I cut down on the bacon to 8 slices from the pound recommended and cut out the butter, but everything else I kept the same. Thank you Andrea for the inspiration."
Reviewed Nov. 21, 2013
"Over-the-top and delicious!"


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This is the best magic shop ever! Low prices, fast shipping, and GOOD SERVICE!Read More ->
This has to be the best magic site I have ever used. I must say I have been using it for a long time now, and I am even an affiliate. I hope to do...Read More ->


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Everything comes together perfectly when you stay at Annas in Kristianstad Sweden! The rooms are exquisitely appointed, bright and warm. The breakfasts are fit for a king(or queen) and the entire facility is spotlessly shiny, immaculate and clean beyond belief...Anna involves herself personally and quickly with every guest, and pays individual attention to each person, helping with the days travel... More
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