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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Energy-Efficient, High-Color-Rendering LED Lamps Using Oxyfluoride and Fluoride Phosphors
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
LED lamps using phosphor downconversion can be designed to replace incandescent or halogen sources with a 'warm-white' correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2700-3200 K and a color rendering index (CRI) greater than 90. However, these lamps have efficacies of {approx}70% of standard 'cool-white' LED packages (CCT = 4500-6000 K; CRI = 75-80). In this report, we describe structural and luminescence properties of fluoride and oxyfluoride phosphors, specifically a (Sr,Ca){sub 3}(Al,Si)O{sub 4}(F,O):Ce{sup 3+} yellow-green phosphor and a K{sub 2}TiF{sub 6}:Mn{sup 4+} red phosphor, that can reduce this gap and therefore meet the spectral and efficiency requirements for high-efficacy LED lighting. LED lamps with a warm-white color temperature (3088 K), high CRI (90), and an efficacy of {approx}82 lm/W are demonstrated using these phosphors. This efficacy is {approx}85% of comparable cool-white lamps using typical Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce{sup 3+}-based phosphors, significantly reducing the efficacy gap between warm-white and cool-white LED lamps that use phosphor downconversion.
Setlur, A.; Radkov, E; Henderson, C; Her, J; Srivastava, A; Karkada, N; Kishore, M; Kumar, N; Aesram, D; et al.
Psychophysical evaluations of modulated color rendering for energy performance of LED-based architectural lighting
E-Print Network (OSTI)
This thesis is focused on the visual perception evaluation of colors within an environment of a highly automated lighting control strategy. Digitally controlled lighting systems equipped with light emitting diodes, LEDs, ...
Thompson, Maria do Ros�rio
RenderAnts: interactive Reyes rendering on GPUs
We present RenderAnts, the first system that enables interactive Reyes rendering on GPUs. Taking RenderMan scenes and shaders as input, our system first compiles RenderMan shaders to GPU shaders. Then all stages of the basic Reyes pipeline, including ... Keywords: GPGPU, RenderMan, dynamic scheduling, feature-film rendering, out-of-core texture fetch, shaders
Kun Zhou; Qiming Hou; Zhong Ren; Minmin Gong; Xin Sun; Baining Guo
Predictive rendering
This course intends to serve two closely related purposes: to provide an accurate definition of the term "predictive rendering" and to present the technological foundations for research in this area. The first goal of the course (a clear definition of ...
Alexander Wilkie; Andrea Weidlich; Marcus Magnor; Alan Chalmers
Bright three-band white light generated from CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot-assisted Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+},Li{sup +}-based white light-emitting diode with high color rendering index
SciTech Connect
In this study, bright three-band white light was generated from the CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot (QD)-assisted Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+},Li{sup +}-based white light-emitting diode (WLED). The CdSe/ZnSe core/shell structure was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CdSe/ZnSe QDs showed high quantum efficiency (79%) and contributed to the high luminous efficiency ({eta}{sub L}) of the fabricated WLED. The WLED showed bright natural white with excellent color rendering property ({eta}{sub L}=26.8 lm/W, color temperature=6140 K, and color rendering index=85) and high stability against the increase in forward bias currents from 20 to 70 mA.
Jang, Ho Seong; Kwon, Byoung-Hwa; Jeon, Duk Young [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Yang, Heesun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1, Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791 (Korea, Republic of)
Programmable rendering of line drawing from 3D scenes
This article introduces a programmable approach to nonphotorealistic line drawings from 3D models, inspired by programmable shaders in traditional rendering. This approach relies on the assumption generally made in NPR that style attributes (color, thickness, ... Keywords: Line drawing, nonphotorealistic rendering (NPR), style
St�phane Grabli; Emmanuel Turquin; Fr�do Durand; Fran�ois X. Sillion
Parallel sphere rendering
Sphere rendering is an important method for visualizing molecular dynamics data. This paper presents a parallel divide-and-conquer algorithm that is almost 90 times faster than current graphics workstations. To render extremely large data sets and large images, the algorithm uses the MIMD features of the supercomputers to divide up the data, render independent partial images, and then finally composite the multiple partial images using an optimal method. The algorithm and performance results are presented for the CM-5 and the T3D.
Krogh, M.; Hansen, C.; Painter, J. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); de Verdiere, G.C. [CEA Centre d`Etudes de Limeil, 94 - Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (France)
NDVI-based vegetation rendering
The area of terrain rendering has seen great improvements both in rendering performance and image quality. The latest terrain rendering algorithms efficiently utilize the capabilities of actual programmable graphics hardware in order to achieve real-time ... Keywords: continuous level of detail, terrain rendering, texture splatting, vegetation rendering
Stefan Roettger
Real-time rendering of daylight sky scene for virtual environment
Realistic rendering of sky scene is important in virtual environment. Traditional methods are mostly based on skybox, thus failing to realistically simulate the change of sky scene under different weathers and conditions. In this paper, a new sky light ...
Changbo Wang
Efficient rendering of atmospheric phenomena
Rendering of atmospheric bodies involves modeling the complex interaction of light throughout the highly scattering medium of water and air particles. Scattering by these particles creates many well-known atmospheric optical phenomena including rainbows, ...
Kirk Riley; David S. Ebert; Martin Kraus; Jerry Tessendorf; Charles Hansen
Programmable shaders for deformation rendering
In this paper, we present a method for rendering deformations as part of the programmable shader pipeline of contemporary Graphical Processing Units. In our method, we allow general deformations including cuts. Previous approaches to deformation place ...
Carlos D. Correa; Deborah Silver
Squeeze: numerical-precision-optimized volume rendering
This paper discusses how to squeeze volume rendering into as few bits per operation as possible while still retaining excellent image quality. For each of the typical volume rendering pipeline stages in texture map volume rendering, ray casting and splatting ...
Ingmar Bitter; Neophytos Neophytou; Klaus Mueller; Arie E. Kaufman
Cinematic color: from your monitor to the big screen
Color affects many areas of the computer-graphics pipeline, From texture painting to lighting, rendering, compositing, image display, and the theater, handling color is a tricky problem. Tired of getting your images right on the monitor only to have ...
Jeremy Selan
Temporal Coherence Methods in Real-Time Rendering
Nowadays, there is a strong trend towards rendering to higher-resolution displays and at high frame rates. This development aims at delivering more detail and better accuracy, but it also comes at a significant cost. Although graphics cards continue ... Keywords: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation�Display Algorithms, I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism�Color, shading, shadowing and texture, Viewing Algorithms
Daniel Scherzer; Lei Yang; Oliver Mattausch; Diego Nehab; Pedro V. Sander; Michael Wimmer; Elmar Eisemann
Color-accurate underwater imaging using perceptual adaptive illumination
Capturing color in water is challenging due to the heavy non-uniform attenuation of light in water across the visible spectrum, which results in dramatic hue shifts toward blue. Yet observing color in water is important for monitoring and surveillance ... Keywords: Accurate colors, Adaptive illumination, Color rendering index, Underwater imaging
Iuliu Vasilescu; Carrick Detweiler; Daniela Rus
GPU-accelerated path rendering
For thirty years, resolution-independent 2D standards (e.g. PostScript, SVG) have depended on CPU-based algorithms for the filling and stroking of paths. Advances in graphics hardware have largely ignored accelerating resolution-independent 2D graphics ... Keywords: OpenGL, path rendering, stencil buffer, vector graphics
Mark J. Kilgard; Jeff Bolz
Real-time rendering systems in 2010
We present a case for future real-time rendering systems that support non-physically-correct global illumination techniques by using ray tracing visibility algorithms, by integrating scene management with rendering, and by executing on general-purpose ...
William R. Mark; Donald Fussell
Artistic minimal rendering with lines and blocks
Many non-photorealistic rendering techniques exist to produce artistic effects from given images. Inspired by various artists, interesting effects can be produced by using a minimal rendering, where the minimum refers to the number of tones as well as ... Keywords: Image abstraction, Line drawing, Non-photorealistic rendering, Tonal blocks
Paul L. Rosin, Yu-Kun Lai
Painterly Rendering for Animation Barbara J. Meier
coherence, we model surfaces as 3d particle sets which are rendered as 2d paint brush strokes in screen: painterly rendering, non-photorealistic rendering, particle systems, painting, abstract images. Author frame methods for animation is getting the paint to "stick" to surfaces rather than randomly change
Meier, Barbara J.
Accelerating volume rendering with texture hulls
Texture-mapping hardware has been successfully exploited for volume rendering. In this paper, we propose algorithms for texture-based volume rendering accelerated by texture hulls that avoid the transferring and compositing of empty voxels. We have developed ... Keywords: 2D texture-based volume rendering, bounding shapes, contour simplification, empty space skipping, graphics hardware, texture hulls
Wei Li; Arie Kaufman
Render Safe | National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Render Safe | National Nuclear Security Administration Render Safe | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Render Safe Home > About Us > Our Programs > Emergency Response > Responding to Emergencies > Render Safe Render Safe NNSA's Render Safe operations involve the deployment of the Accident Response Group (ARG), the Joint Technical Operations Team (JTOT), and the
Use of Hybrid Rendering Styles for Presentation
This paper presents hybrid rendering that combines the use of photorealistic and non-photorealistic rendering styles in the same image. This allows to extend the set of expression dimensions available in a visualization environment. To provide general applicability, this use of hybrid rendering styles is controlled by an XML-based scene description. We discuss the according schema definition and present an architecture for implementing the presented methods as well as two exemplary applications.
Roland Jesse; Tobias Isenberg
Color naming
Color naming consists in assigning a color name, such as �red� or �blue�, to a concrete color one sees (or saw) in the environment. Such a concrete color may be perceived as part of a particular object�s appearance, such as the yellow color of a banana, or a color sample that represents color by itself, such as encountered when choosing a color in a clothing catalogue. This definition might seem simple and self-speaking. However, the mental performance of color naming is not trivial at all since it involves two kinds of transformations. On the one hand, the perception of color is based on three perceptual parameters: hue, saturation and brightness. Color naming combines these parameters to just one level of feature comparison, namely the color names. On the other hand, each of these three parameters varies continuously. Color naming transforms this continuous color space into distinct color categories, to which we assign a word. Taken together this allows us to distinguish millions of different colors, but commonly use only a restricted number of color names when communicating about all these colors. For example, parts of a banana may be darker and less saturated due to shading; parts may also be more yellow-greenish or more yellow-orangish. Yet we perceive all these different shades of colors as belonging to the
Christoph Witzel
Tone Dependent Color Error Diffusion
Conventional grayscale error di#usion halftoning produces worms and other objectionable artifacts. Tone dependent error di#usion #Li and Allebach# reduces these artifacts by controlling the di#usion of quantization errors based on the input graylevel. Li and Allebach design error #lter weights and thresholds for each #input# graylevel optimized based on a human visual system #HVS# model. This paper extends tone dependent error di#usion to color. In color error di#usion, what color to render becomes a major concern in addition to #nding optimal dot patterns. We present a visually optimum design approach for input level #tone# dependent error #lters #for each color plane#. The resulting halftones reduce traditional error di#usion artifacts and achieve greater accuracy in color rendition. 1.
Vishal Monga; Brian L. Evans
Colorizer Slider
... The table is tab delimited and can be cut and pasted into a spreadsheet. ... Add color - Splits a color band where you click, changing the right part of ...
Ryan: rendering your animation nonlinearly projected
Artistic rendering is an important research area in Computer Graphics, yet relatively little attention has been paid to the projective properties of computer generated scenes. Motivated by the surreal storyboard of an animation in production---Ryan---this ... Keywords: Non-Photorealistic Rendering, local illumination, multiprojection, nonlinear perspective
Patrick Coleman; Karan Singh
Why Cogeneration Development Projects Fail
Cogeneration projects that are organized by developers fail to reach fruition for reasons other than the basic economical or technical soundness of the opportunity. Cogeneration development projects fail because of misunderstanding by the host or other participants of their obligations, inadequate management support by the host organization, regulatory changes, environmental difficulties, overly high expectations of profit, changes in fuel economics, utility policy changes, changing financial markets, and a variety of other issues. Each of these potential problem areas will be discussed briefly, examples will be given, and remedies will be suggested. Most of these potential problems then can be either avoided or attenuated by advanced provisions so that they will not become fatal flaws to project completion.
Greenwood, R. W.
Strands and hair: modeling, animation, and rendering
The last six years has seen a renaissance in hair modeling, rendering and animation. This course covers the gamut of hair simulation problems and present working solutions, from recent and novel research ideas to time tested industrial practices that ...
Sunil Hadap; Marie-Paule Cani; Ming Lin; Tae-Yong Kim; Florence Bertails; Steve Marschner; Kelly Ward; Zoran Ka?i?-Alesi?
Image Based Rendering Using Algebraic Techniques
This paper presents an image-based rendering system using algebraic relations between different views of an object. The system uses pictures of an object taken from known positions. Given three such images it can ...
Evgeniou, Theodoros
Realistic hair simulation: animation and rendering
The last five years have seen a profusion of innovative solutions to one of the most challenging tasks in character synthesis: hair simulation. This class covers both recent and novel research ideas in hair animation and rendering, and presents time ...
Florence Bertails; Sunil Hadap; Marie-Paule Cani; Ming Lin; Tae-Yong Kim; Steve Marschner; Kelly Ward; Zoran Ka?i?-Alesi?
Smooth mixed-resolution GPU volume rendering
We propose a mixed-resolution volume ray-casting approach that enables more flexibility in the choice of downsampling positions and filter kernels, allows freely mixing volume bricks of different resolutions during rendering, and does not require modifying ...
Johanna Beyer; Markus Hadwiger; Torsten M�ller; Laura Fritz
Color Management for Color Facsimile
We propose a color management system for the color facsimile. It consists of protocols for the colorimetric calibration of the scanner and the printer by establishing the relationships between the device-dependent color coordinates and the device-independent CIELAB color space. The scanner calibration is based on 3rd order polynomial regression techniques. The printer calibration uses 3D triangulation techniques, which gives us high flexibility and which allows us to apply different color gamut mapping techniques in an efficient way. The online color transformations are calculated by a tetrahedral interpolator using 3D look-up tables provided by the calibration algorithms.
Jon Yngve Hardeberg; Francis Schmitt; Ingeborg Tastl; Hans Brettel; Jean-pierre Crettez
Color Estimation Error Trade-offs Ulrich Barnhfer*a
A. Wandella,b Department of Electrical Engineeringa and Psychologyb , Stanford University, Stanford reflectance (usually drawn from the Macbeth Color Checker). The exposure value (integration time and aperture = || ||i = ^|| ||i i- . For a given color rendering matrix each of the N training patches has its own bias
Wandell, Brian A.
Flower Colors
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Flower Colors Flower Colors Name: hyojung Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why all the flowers have the different colors? Replies: Flower colors are mainly attractive to insects, different colors attract different insects for pollination; many insects can see ultraviolet wavelengths as well, and some flowers look very different when seen in ultraviolet. J. Elliott Hi Kang! Because of biodiversity. The life in earth, both vegetal and animal, evoluted under different circonstances, environment, time and rate, weather, following different trends during all the time since life begun. That is why it has so many species, so diverse between themselves The actual colors are due to pigments, that are chemical compounds. And let's be thankful to nature that gave us such colorful world...
Color Spinners
Color Spinners Color Spinners How can you make green if all you have is yellow and blue? Mix them together! A color spinner is a device that lets you mix different colors together by spinning a disk of paper that you color. A disk that is part blue and part yellow will look green when spun quickly enough! Does it matter how much of the disk is yellow and how much is blue? What happens if the yellow and blue sections are strangely shaped? What happens if you use different colors? Experiment and find out! It's also fun to put a blank disk and color it while it is spinning. See what kind of neat patterns you can make! Download this Activity Minimum Materials Needed for Construction: - Small, Direct Current (DC) motor - 12" of insulated, copper wire - Batteries - Magic markers
The F-Buffer: A Rasterization-Order FIFO Buffer for Multi-Pass Rendering
Multi-pass rendering is a common method of virtualizing graphics hardware to overcome limited resources. Most current multi-pass rendering techniques use the RGBA framebuffer to store intermediate results between each pass. This method of storing intermediate results makes it difficult to correctly render partially-transparent surfaces, and reduces the performance of shaders that need to preserve more than one intermediate result between passes. We propose an alternative approach to storing intermediate results that solves these problems. This approach stores intermediate colors (or other values) that are generated by a rendering pass in a FIFO buffer as the values exit the fragment pipeline. On a subsequent pass, the contents of the FIFO buffer are fed into the top of the fragment pipeline. We refer to this FIFO buffer as a fragment-stream buffer (or F-buffer), because this approach has the effect of associating intermediate results with particular rasterization fragments, rather than with an (x,y) location in the framebuffer. Implementing an F-buffer requires some changes to current mainstream graphics architectures, but these changes can be minor. We describe the design space associated with implementing an F-buffer, and compare the F-buffer to recirculating pipeline designs. We implement F-buffers in the Mesa software renderer, and demonstrate our programmable-shading system running on top of this renderer. CR Categories: I.3.1 [Computer Graphics]: Hardware Architecture---Graphics processors; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism---Color, shading, shadowing, and texture 1
William R. Mark; Kekoa Proudfoot
A shader based approach to painterly rendering
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a texture-based painterly shader that would render computer generated objects or scenes with strokes that are visually similar to paint media like watercolor, oil paint or dry media such as crayons, chalk, et cetera. This method would need an input scene in the form of three dimensional polygonal or NURBS meshes. While the structure of the meshes and the lighting in the scene would both play a crucial role in the ?nal appearance of the scene, the painterly look will be imparted through a shader. This method, therefore, is essentially a rendering technique. Several modi?able parameters in the shader gives the user artistic freedom while overall introducing some amount of automation in the painterly rendering process.
Pal, Kaushik
Two-Level Volume Rendering-Fusing MIP and DVR
In this paper we present a two-level approach for fusing directvolume rendering (DVR) and maximum-intensity projection (MIP)within a joint rendering method. Different structures within thedata-set are rendered locally by either MIP or DVR on an object-by-object ... Keywords: visualization, volume rendering, dynamical systems, medical applications
Helwig Hauser; Lukas Mroz; Gian-Italo Bischi; Eduard Gr�ller
Remote interactive direct volume rendering of AMR data
We describe a framework for direct volume rendering of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) data that operates directly on the hierarchical grid structure, without the need to resample data onto a single, uniform rectilinear grid. The framework can be used for a range of renderers optimized for particular hardware architectures: a hardware-assisted renderer for single-processor graphics workstations, and a massively parallel software-only renderer for supercomputers. It is also possible to use the framework for distributed rendering servers. By exploiting the multiresolution structure of AMR data, the hardware-assisted renderers can render large AMR data sets at interactive rates, even if the data is stored remotely.
Kreylos, Oliver; Weber, Gunther H.; Bethel, E. Wes; Shalf, John M.; Hamann, Bernd; Joy, Kenneth I.
Painting and rendering textures on unparameterized models
This paper presents a solution for texture mapping unparameterized models. The quality of a texture on a model is often limited by the model's parameterization into a 2D texture space. For models with complex topologies or complex distributions of structural ... Keywords: level of detail algorithms, paint systems, rendering systems, spatial data structures, texture mapping
David (grue) DeBry; Jonathan Gibbs; Devorah DeLeon Petty; Nate Robins
Supersymmetric color superconductivity
Supersymmetric Color Superconductivity 1 arXiv:hep-patterns such as color superconductivity and color-?avortional method in color superconductivity, namely � ? ?. In
Harnik, Roni; Larson, Daniel T.; Murayama, Hitoshi
Remote rendering using vtk and vic.
This paper presents a remote rendering application that involves the extension of the Visualization Toolkit (vtk) and the Video Conferencing Tool (vie) for use in remote rendering complete with interaction from the remote site using the vie user interface. Vtk is an open source C++ library, with Tel, Python, and Java bindings for computer graphics, image processing, and visualization [3]. Vtk provides a higher level of support, beyond the traditional low-level libraries, for creating visualization applications. Vtk includes algorithms to support the visualization of scalars, vectors, and tensors. Vic is a flexible tool built by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for real-time video conferencing over the Internet [2]. Vie's user interface is built as Tcl/Tk script embedded in the applications. This allows developers to prototype changes to the interface in a simple and straightforward manner.
Olson, R.; Papka, M.E.
Color imaging
The study of color combines a unique mixture of physics and human visual perception, which in practice makes this seemingly straightforward topic challenging and often misunderstood. This course covers the basics of physical and perceptual processes, ...
Erik Reinhard; Greg Ward; Garrett Johnson
A critical comparison of human face rendering techniques
Human skin exhibits complex light reflectance properties that make it difficult to render realistically. In recent years, many techniques have been introduced to render skin, with varying degrees of complexity and realism. ...
Arizpe, Arturo Andrew
Load balancing utilizing data redundancy in distributed volume rendering
In interactive volume rendering, the cost for rendering a certain block of the volume strongly varies with dynamically changing parameters (most notably the camera position and orientation). In distributed environments � wherein each compute device ...
S. Frey; T. Ertl
Exploiting temporal coherence in real-time rendering
Temporal coherence (TC), the correlation of contents between adjacent rendered frames, exists across a wide range of scenes and motion types in practical real-time rendering. By taking advantage of TC, we can save redundant computation and improve ...
Daniel Scherzer; Lei Yang; Oliver Mattausch
Parallel Monte Carlo approach for integration of the rendering equation
This paper is addressed to the numerical solving of the rendering equation in realistic image creation. The rendering equation is integral equation describing the light propagation in a scene accordingly to a given illumination model. The used illumination ...
Ivan T. Dimov; Anton A. Penzov; Stanislava S. Stoilova
Automatic Misregistration Testing Apparatus for Line Screen Color CRT'S
Optimum color CRT performance requires that the electron beam impinge on the screen at the proper phosphor stripe. The extent to which the beam fails to strike the intended phosphor stripe is referred to as misregistration. Misregistration leads to loss ...
Allan D. Kautz
Rendering for an interactive 360� light field display
We describe a set of rendering techniques for an autostereoscopic light field display able to present interactive 3D graphics to multiple simultaneous viewers 360 degrees around the display. The display consists of a high-speed video projector, a spinning ... Keywords: autostereocopic displays, graphics hardware, image-based rendering, light field, real-time rendering
Andrew Jones; Ian McDowall; Hideshi Yamada; Mark Bolas; Paul Debevec
Multi-GPU volume rendering using MapReduce
In this paper we present a multi-GPU parallel volume rendering implemention built using the MapReduce programming model. We give implementation details of the library, including specific optimizations made for our rendering and compositing design. We ... Keywords: GPU, MapReduce, volume rendering
Jeff A. Stuart; Cheng-Kai Chen; Kwan-Liu Ma; John D. Owens
Non-Photorealistic Volume Rendering Using Stippling Techniques Purdue University
) and approximating different traditional rendering styles including pen & ink stylized rendering, hatching and stip projection framework. All our rendering primitives (silhouette contours, stip- pling, hatching) are points, attenuated hidden-lines and lighting tones by stip- pling and hatching. Our approach demands an initial pre
Rheingans, Penny
Urine color
Urine color Urine color Name: durwood Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: Around 1993 Question: What color is urine supposed to be? What does it mean if it a different color? Replies: Urine typically is a shade of yellow. There are a few disorders which change the color of urine in a dramatic way. To be specific one should see their doctor. Generally when urine gets brown or Coke colored it suggests a liver or bile duct problem. Red urine can be blood or can look red from certain medicines. Black urine is classic for a genetic defect. The shades of yellow of urine are usually related to the concentrated of urine. psych Something that can really change the color of urine is the vitamin B2 (riboflavin). If you swallow a vitamin B2 supplement, and the amount is more than your body needs, the vitamin is excreted in the urine. The urine will be a VERY bright yellow - almost fluorescent (except it probably will not glow in the dark!). But there is nothing wrong with you when this happens - it is just your body getting rid of extra vitamin B2. Some health authorities use this as an example that taking large doses of vitamins only makes expensive urine. However, nutritionists who advocate large vitamin supplementation counter by saying that it is only when the excess amounts of vitamins spill over into the urine that you know for sure that your body is getting the maximum amount of the vitamins.
Autumn Color
Color Color Nature Bulletin No. 38 October 27, 1945 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Clayton F. Smith, President Roberts Mann, Supt. of Conservation AUTUMN COLOR This is a colorful fall; one oil the best in recent years. Folks who get a thrill out of masses of color have been reveling in the rich pageantry of the woodlands. It started about six weeks ago when the sumacs turned magenta and crimson. Gradually the Smaller species of trees and then the larger ones began to "turn". The leaves of the hard maple became a brilliant orange-yellow, the red maples scarlet, the hickory and the ash a rich yellow, the oaks mingled red-and-green, deep red, or even purple. Only such trees as the elms and sycamores turned a nondescript brown. In the southeastern portion Or Cook County the yellow of a few sassafras and the peculiar scarlet of a few sour gum trees punctuate the landscape. Along the banks oi the upper Des Plaines River the hard maples created a fairyland of beauty.
Resolution-independent surface rendering using programmable graphics hardware
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Surfaces defined by a Bezier tetrahedron, and in particular quadric surfaces, are rendered on programmable graphics hardware. Pixels are rendered through triangular sides of the tetrahedra and locations on the shapes, as well as surface normals for lighting evaluations, are computed using pixel shader computations. Additionally, vertex shaders are used to aid interpolation over a small number of values as input to the pixel shaders. Through this, rendering of the surfaces is performed independently of viewing resolution, allowing for advanced level-of-detail management. By individually rendering tetrahedrally-defined surfaces which together form complex shapes, the complex shapes can be rendered in their entirety.
Loop, Charles T. (Bellevue, WA); Blinn, James Frederick (Bellevue, WA)
BWR Failed Fuel Degradation: An EPRI Perspective
In response to severe fuel degradation concerns within the nuclear fuel community, EPRI initiated a comprehensive program to investigate the phenomenon, propose operational guidelines for mitigating the effects of failed fuel rods during a reactor cycle, and develop a model to help predict the behavior of failed fuel rods. The understanding provided by EPRI's program, and others, has resulted in new fuel products expected to be more resistant to degradation. This report provides a convenient reference fo...
T-532: Vulnerability in Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
in Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow Remote Code Execution. PLATFORM: Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 ABSTRACT: Microsoft is...
Modeling and Rendering Physically-Based Wood Combustion
This paper describes extensions to existing methods for rendering of the effects of combustion on a wood object, adding considerations for wood grain and moisture content.
Riensche, Roderick M.; Lewis, Robert R.
Vector Graphics for Real-time 3D Rendering.
??Algorithms are presented that enable the use of vector graphics representations of images in texture maps for 3D real time rendering. Vector graphics images are� (more)
Qin, Zheng
Stippling and silhouettes rendering in geometry-image space
We present a novel non-photorealistic rendering method that performs all operations in a geometry-image domain. We first apply global conformal parameterization to the input geometry model and generate corresponding geometry images. Strokes and silhouettes ... Keywords: geometry image, non-photorealistic rendering, sampling, silhouette, stippling
Xiaoru Yuan; Minh X. Nguyen; Nan Zhang; Baoquan Chen
Method of producing hydrogen, and rendering a contaminated biomass inert
A method for rendering a contaminated biomass inert includes providing a first composition, providing a second composition, reacting the first and second compositions together to form an alkaline hydroxide, providing a contaminated biomass feedstock and reacting the alkaline hydroxide with the contaminated biomass feedstock to render the contaminated biomass feedstock inert and further producing hydrogen gas, and a byproduct that includes the first composition.
Bingham, Dennis N. (Idaho Falls, ID); Klingler, Kerry M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wilding, Bruce M. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Parallel volume rendering on the IBM Blue Gene/P
Parallel volume rendering is implemented and tested on an IBM Blue Gene distributed-memory parallel architecture. The goal of studying the cost of parallel rendering on a new class of supercomputers such as the Blue Gene/P is not necessarily to achieve ...
Tom Peterka; Hongfeng Yu; Robert Ross; Kwan-Liu Ma
ABSTRACT RENDERINGS OF DIFFERENT TIMES AND DAYS ADVANCED FENESTRATION BTDF REDIRECTING DAYLIGHT-directional Videogoniophotometer for Advanced Fenestration Systems. PhD thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 2004 on a standard PC. Using the standard CIE Sky Model [5], the system can render qualitatively accurate images
Linhardt, Robert J.
Performance improvement of physically based spectral rendering using stochastic sampling
In recent years, many researchers in computer graphics pay attention to spectral rendering where light transport is modeled with multiple wavelengths instead of just using the red, green and blue components. This paper discusses some of the advantages ... Keywords: global illumination, photon mapping, spectral distribution, spectral rendering, stochastic sampling
Shin Watanabe; Shota Kanamori; Sho Ikeda; Bisser Raytchev; Toru Tamaki; Kazufumi Kaneda
Parallel Cell Projection Rendering of Adaptive Mesh Refinement Data
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a technique used in numerical simulations to automatically refine (or de-refine) certain regions of the physical domain in a finite difference calculation. AMR data consists of nested hierarchies of data grids. As AMR ... Keywords: volume rendering, adaptive mesh refinement, load balancing, multi-grid methods, parallel rendering, visualization
Gunther H. Weber; Martin Ohler; Oliver Kreylos; John M. Shalf; E. Wes Bethel; Bernd Hamann; Gerik Scheuermann
Non-Photorealistic Rendering with Pixel and Vertex Shaders
Development of cutting-edge graphics techniques like programmable pixel and vertex shaders are often motivated by a desire to achieve photorealistic renderings for gaming or simulation. In this paper, we apply vertex and pixel shaders to Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR). In many types of images such as cartoons and technical
Drew Card; Jason L. Mitchell
Interactive watercolor rendering with temporal coherence and abstraction
This paper presents an interactive watercolor rendering technique that recreates the specific visual effects of lavis watercolor. Our method allows the user to easily process images and 3d models and is organized in two steps: an abstraction step that ... Keywords: abstraction, non-photorealistic rendering, temporal coherence, watercolor
Adrien Bousseau; Matt Kaplan; Jo�lle Thollot; Fran�ois X. Sillion
Deferred blending: Image composition for single-pass point rendering
In this paper, we propose novel GPU accelerated algorithms for interactive point-based rendering (PBR) and high-quality shading of transparent point surfaces. By introducing the concept of deferred blending we are able to formulate the smooth point interpolation ... Keywords: Alpha blending, GPU processing, Hardware acceleration, Point based rendering, Transparency
Yanci Zhang; Renato Pajarola
LoD Volume Rendering of FEA Data
In this article, a new multiple resolution volume rendering method for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data is presented. Our method is composed of three stages: At the first stage, the Gauss points of the FEA cells are calculated. The function values, ... Keywords: Volume rendering, splatting method, level-of-detail, unstructured data, scientific visualization
Shyh-Kuang Ueng; Yan-Jen Su; Chi-Tang Chang
Using Procedural RenderMan Shaders for Global Illumination
Global illumination techniques like radiosity or Monte-Carlo ray-tracing are becoming standard features of rendering systems. However, there is currently no accepted interface format which supports an appropriate physically-based scene description. In this paper we present extensions to the well-known RenderMan interface, which allow for a physically based scene description and support advanced global illumination techniques. Special emphasis has been laid on the support for procedural descriptions of reflection and emission by RenderMan surface shaders. So far, they could not be used with most global illumination algorithms. The extensions have been implemented in a physically-based rendering system and are illustrated with examples. 1. Introduction In recent years physically-based rendering and global illumination have became major topics in computer graphics. While these techniques are on the edge of being used in commercial applications, it is getting more and more important to fi...
Philipp Slusallek; Thomas Pflaum; Hans-peter Seidel
Local and Global Illumination in the Volume Rendering Integral
This article is intended as an update of the major survey by Max [1] on optical models for direct volume rendering. It provides a brief overview of the subject scope covered by [1], and brings recent developments, such as new shadow algorithms and refraction rendering, into the perspective. In particular, we examine three fundamentals aspects of direct volume rendering, namely the volume rendering integral, local illumination models and global illumination models, in a wavelength-independent manner. We review the developments on spectral volume rendering, in which visible light are considered as a form of electromagnetic radiation, optical models are implemented in conjunction with representations of spectral power distribution. This survey can provide a basis for, and encourage, new efforts for developing and using complex illumination models to achieve better realism and perception through optical correctness.
Max, N; Chen, M
Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To...
Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply with Federal Energy Conservation Standards Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply with...
Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to...
Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Comply with DOE Energy Conservation Standards Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Comply...
Jefferson Lab Coloring Book
Programs and Events Search Education Privacy and Security Notice Jefferson Lab Coloring Book Use the multi-colored crayon on the left-hand side of the screen to select a color....
Color blind animals
not color blind. I believe that all the primates also see color as well as dogs, cats, some birds, fish, and insects. --- jade Apes and monkeys see color. So do bees, in a...
Programs and Events Search Education Privacy and Security Notice Jefferson Lab Coloring Book The Jefferson Lab Coloring Book, Quarks - More Than Meets the Eye, was written to help...
Perspective isosurface and direct volume rendering for virtual endoscopy applications
Virtual endoscopy has proven to be a very powerful tool in endoscopic surgery. However, most virtual endoscopy systems are restricted to rendering isosurfaces or require segmentation in order to visualize additional objects behind occluding tissue. This ...
Henning Scharsach; Markus Hadwiger; Andr� Neubauer; Stefan Wolfsberger; Katja B�hler
Real-time shader rendering of holographic stereograms
Horizontal-parallax-only holographic stereograms of nearly SDTV resolution (336 pixels by 440 lines by 96 views) of textured and normal-mapped models (500 polygons) are rendered at interactive rates (10 frames/second) on ...
Smalley, Daniel E.
The CTD Oceanographic Rendering and Analysis Laboratory (CORAL)
The CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) oceanographic Rendering and Analysis Laboratory (CORAL) is a general purpose X Windows/OSF Motif-based computatioal environment for the archiving, browsing, analysis and display of geophysical data. CORAL ...
James J. Simpson; Jeffrey Bloom; Mark Botta
Fast DRR splat rendering using common consumer graphics hardware
Digitally rendered radiographs (DRR) are a vital part of various medical image processing applications such as 2D/3D registration for patient pose determination in image-guided radiotherapy procedures. This paper presents a technique to accelerate DRR creation by using conventional graphics hardware for the rendering process. DRR computation itself is done by an efficient volume rendering method named wobbled splatting. For programming the graphics hardware, NVIDIAs C for Graphics (Cg) is used. The description of an algorithm used for rendering DRRs on the graphics hardware is presented, together with a benchmark comparing this technique to a CPU-based wobbled splatting program. Results show a reduction of rendering time by about 70%-90% depending on the amount of data. For instance, rendering a volume of 2x10{sup 6} voxels is feasible at an update rate of 38 Hz compared to 6 Hz on a common Intel-based PC using the graphics processing unit (GPU) of a conventional graphics adapter. In addition, wobbled splatting using graphics hardware for DRR computation provides higher resolution DRRs with comparable image quality due to special processing characteristics of the GPU. We conclude that DRR generation on common graphics hardware using the freely available Cg environment is a major step toward 2D/3D registration in clinical routine.
Spoerk, Jakob; Bergmann, Helmar; Wanschitz, Felix; Dong, Shuo; Birkfellner, Wolfgang [University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna (Austria) and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (Austria); Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (Austria); Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (Austria); School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing (China) and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (Austria); Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
Your Data Analysis Needs and Tukey Joseph A. Insley Data Representations: Volume Rendering
Data Analysis Needs and Tukey Data Analysis Needs and Tukey Joseph A. Insley Data Representations: Volume Rendering Turn 2- and 3-dimensionsal datasets into 2D images Approximation: Volume ray casting Data Representations: Glyphs 2D or 3D geometric object to represent point data Location dictated by coordinate 3D location on mesh 2D position in table/graph Attributes of graphical entity dictated by attributes of a data color, size, orientation Data Representations: Iso-contours A Line (2D) or Surface (3D), representing a constant value Data Representations: Cutting Planes Slice a plane through the data Can apply additional visualization methods to resulting plane Data Representations: Streamlines From vector field on a mesh (needs connectivity)
Price hikes fail to ease Russian woes
Sharply higher prices decreed for early January by Moscow for crude, refined products, and natural gas have failed to ease the Russian republic's fuel shortages. In many parts of Russia and other areas of the new Commonwealth of Independent States, the fuel crunch appears to have intensified. Even the military, which formerly could count on plentiful fuel supplies while the civilian economy was strapped for energy, is being forced to curtail training because of reduced product deliveries. This paper reports that unconfirmed reports in Moscow say Russia may lift price controls on oil and coal no later than Apr. 1. Some Moscow economists believe freeing prices could provide a beneficial shock to depressed economies of C.I.S. members.
Not Available
Solar Oven, Take One: FAIL | Department of Energy
Oven, Take One: FAIL Solar Oven, Take One: FAIL June 22, 2011 - 11:45am Addthis Our homemade solar oven. | Courtesy of: Moon Choe Our homemade solar oven. | Courtesy of: Moon Choe...
Portsmouth Site Feeds Bacteria to Render Hazardous Groundwater Waste
Portsmouth Site Feeds Bacteria to Render Hazardous Groundwater Portsmouth Site Feeds Bacteria to Render Hazardous Groundwater Waste Harmless Portsmouth Site Feeds Bacteria to Render Hazardous Groundwater Waste Harmless April 2, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Neil Smith puts a trained eye on the pressure and flow of a food-grade com¬pound being injected into an under¬ground plume of hazardous waste near the X-720 Maintenance Facility at the DOE Piketon Site. The sodium lactate compound promotes bacterial growth in the groundwater that turns hazardous waste into harmless end-products. Neil Smith puts a trained eye on the pressure and flow of a food-grade com¬pound being injected into an under¬ground plume of hazardous waste near the X-720 Maintenance Facility at the DOE Piketon Site. The sodium lactate compound promotes bacterial growth in the groundwater that turns
Radiation coloration resistant glass
A radiation coloration resistant glass is disclosed which is used in a radiation environment sufficient to cause coloration in most forms of glass. The coloration resistant glass includes higher proportions by weight of water and has been found to be extremely resistant to color change when exposed to such radiation levels. The coloration resistant glass is free of cerium oxide and has more than about 0.5% by weight water content. Even when exposed to gamma radiation of more than 10.sup.7 rad, the coloration resistant glass does not lose transparency.
Tomozawa, Minoru (Troy, NY); Watson, E. Bruce (Troy, NY); Acocella, John (Troy, NY)
Chromium Renderserver: Scalable and Open Source Remote RenderingInfrastructure
Chromium Renderserver (CRRS) is software infrastructure thatprovides the ability for one or more users to run and view image outputfrom unmodified, interactive OpenGL and X11 applications on a remote,parallel computational platform equipped with graphics hardwareaccelerators via industry-standard Layer 7 network protocolsand clientviewers. The new contributions of this work include a solution to theproblem of synchronizing X11 and OpenGL command streams, remote deliveryof parallel hardware-accelerated rendering, and a performance analysis ofseveral different optimizations that are generally applicable to avariety of rendering architectures. CRRSis fully operational, Open Sourcesoftware.
Paul, Brian; Ahern, Sean; Bethel, E. Wes; Brugger, Eric; Cook,Rich; Daniel, Jamison; Lewis, Ken; Owen, Jens; Southard, Dale
Color and experimental physics
After a brief review of the color hypothesis and the motivations for its introduction, the experimental tests arare discussed. It is assumed that colored states have not been produced at present energies and only experimental tests which apply below the color threshold, when color is a ''hidden symmetry,'' are discussed. Some of these tests offer the possibility of distinguishing between quark models with fractional and integral quark charges. (auth)
Chanowitz, M.S.
Real-time rendering of textures with feature curves
The standard bilinear interpolation on normal maps results in visual artifacts along sharp features, which are common for surfaces with creases, wrinkles, and dents. In many cases, spatially varying features, like the normals near discontinuity curves, ... Keywords: Curvilinear feature rendering, GPU algorithms, distance function, normal mapping, resolution independence
Evgueni Parilov; Denis Zorin
Frame sequential interpolation for discrete level-of-detail rendering
In this paper we present a method for automatic interpolation between adjacent discrete levels of detail to achieve smooth LOD changes in image space. We achieve this by breaking the problem into two passes: We render the two LOD levels individually ...
Daniel Scherzer; Michael Wimmer
Rendering of wood combustion has received some attention recently, but prior work has not incorporated effects of internal wood properties such as density variation (i.e. "grain") and pre-combustion processes such as drying. In this paper we present ...
Roderick M. Riensche; Robert R. Lewis
Efficient transmission of rendering-related data using the NIProxy
Despite the emergence of broadband Internet connections, client downstream bandwidth remains a scarce resource and should hence be managed judiciously. Based on this observation, we have previously introduced the NIProxy, a network intermediary supporting ... Keywords: NIProxy, QoE optimization, client bandwidth management, multimedia communication systems, rendering-related data transmission
Maarten Wijnants; Tom Jehaes; Peter Quax; Wim Lamotte
Power-Aware 3D Computer Graphics Rendering
Real-time 3D Graphics rendering consumes significant power because of its very high computation and memory access rate. Due to variation in workload and perceptual tolerance, power-awareness can optimize this power consumption significantly, thus facilitating ... Keywords: 3D Graphics, low-power, reconfigurable, shading, texture mapping
Jeongseon Euh; Jeevan Chittamuru; Wayne Burleson
Enhancing information on large scenes by mixing renderings
We propose a new model for visualization of high scale scenes. It is designed to enhance pertinent informations that become quickly viewable on a large scene. It consists in mixing different kind of rendering techniques in the same frame. This method ...
Vincent Boyer; Dominique Sobczyk
RTVR: a flexible java library for interactive volume rendering
This paper presents several distinguishing design features of RTVR - a Java-based library for real-time volume rendering. We describe, how the careful design of data structures, which in our case are based on voxel enumeration, and an intelligent use ... Keywords: interactive volume visualization, internet-based visualization, java
Lukas Mroz; Helwig Hauser
Introduction to Color Superconductivity
At high nuclear density and small temperature, due to the asymptotic freedom property of Quantum ChromoDynamics and to the existence of an attractive channel in the color interaction, diquark condensates might be formed. Since these condensates break the color gauge symmetry, this phenomenon has the name of color superconductivity. In the last few years this has become a very active field of research. While a direct experimental test is still missing, color superconductivity might have implications in astrophysics because for some compact stars, e.g. pulsars, the baryon densities necessary for color superconductivity can probably be reached.
G. Nardulli
Chicken Egg Colors
Chicken Egg Colors Chicken Egg Colors Name: Jack Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why are eggs different colors? Some are white and some are brown. Also are these the only two colors eggs come in? Replies: Egg colors are determined by genetics. Brown chicken eggs is the original color, however, some hens were found to produce lighter eggs, and with time and breeding selection, white eggs became a reality. During the 50's white bread (bleached flour) and white eggs, and "white" became the symbol for and was accepted as the determination of "purity". It was not until the late 70's, that brown eggs were re-introduced into the market [widespread]. As far as the quality of the egg, it does not seem to be any difference. With the new technology, science probably could make the eggs come out any color!! But, why?
Failed Components in the Ringhals 1 (BWR) Steam Separator - TMS
Aug 1, 1999 ... The failed components were eight tie rods for the steam separators and one condensate collector including respective nuts and sleeves.
Real-Time Out-of-Core Rendering
Hierarchical levels of details (HLODs) have proven to be an efficient way to visualize complex environments and models even in an out-of-core system. Large objects are partitioned into a spatial hierarchy and for each node a level of detail is generated for efficient view-dependent rendering. To ensure correct matching between adjacent nodes in the hierarchy care has to be taken to prevent cracks along the cuts. This either leads to severe simplification constraints at the cuts and thus to a significantly higher number of triangles or the need for a costly runtime stitching of these nodes. In this paper we present an out-of-core visualization algorithm that overcomes this problem by filling the cracks generated by the simplification algorithm with appropriately shaded Fat Borders. Furthermore, several minor yet important improvements of previous approaches are made. This way we come up with a simple nevertheless efficient viewdependent rendering technique which allows for the natural incorporation of state-of-theart culling, simplification, compression and prefetching techniques leading to real-time rendering performance of the overall system. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Michael Guthe; Pavel Borodin; Reinhard Klein
High quality rendering using ray tracing and photon mapping
Ray tracing and photon mapping provide a practical way of efficiently simulating global illumination including interreflections, caustics, color bleeding, participating media and subsurface scattering in scenes with complicated geometry and advanced ...
Henrik Wann Jensen; Per Christensen
Digital color representation
An image population having a large number of attributes is processed to form a display population with a predetermined smaller number of attributes which represent the larger number of attributes. In a particular application, the color values in an image are compressed for storage in a discrete lookup table (LUT) where an 8-bit data signal is enabled to form a display of 24-bit color values. The LUT is formed in a sampling and averaging process from the image color values with no requirement to define discrete Voronoi regions for color compression. Image color values are assigned 8-bit pointers to their closest LUT value whereby data processing requires only the 8-bit pointer value to provide 24-bit color values from the LUT. 4 figs.
White, J.M.; Faber, V.; Saltzman, J.S.
NIST Color and appearance
... The surface color of an object depends upon several factors � the spectral power distribution of the illuminant, the spectral ... Transmission density. ...
The F-buffer: a rasterization-order FIFO buffer for multi-pass rendering
Multi-pass rendering is a common method of virtualizing graphics hardware to overcome limited resources. Most current multi-pass rendering techniques use the RGBA framebuffer to store intermediate results between each pass. This method of storing intermediate ...
The Borneo Project : Indonesia Fails to Stop Illegal Logging, Report Says Indonesia Fails to Stop Illegal Logging, Report Says
The Borneo Project : Indonesia Fails to Stop Illegal Logging, Report Says Indonesia Fails to Stop Illegal Logging, Report Says by Irwan Firdaus, The Associated Press January 15th, 2003 JAKARTA, Indonesia -- Corruption in Indonesia's police and military has contributed to a surge in illegal logging that has
Modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials using the diffusion equation
In this article, we propose techniques for modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials that enable acquisition from measured samples, interactive editing of material attributes, and real-time rendering. The materials are assumed to ... Keywords: Appearance modeling and rendering, diffusion approximation, subsurface scattering
Jiaping Wang; Shuang Zhao; Xin Tong; Stephen Lin; Zhouchen Lin; Yue Dong; Baining Guo; Heung-Yeung Shum
SIPC Advisory -Vulnerability in Windows Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow Remote Code Execution -RISK: HIGH
SIPC Advisory - Vulnerability in Windows Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow Remote Code/4/2011 SUBJECT: Vulnerability in Windows Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow Remote Code Execution OVERVIEW: A new vulnerability has been discovered in Microsoft Windows Graphics Rendering Engine, which could
Holliday, Vance T.
Comparing Simplification and Image-Based Techniques for 3D Client-Server Rendering Systems
Comparing Simplification and Image-Based Techniques for 3D Client-Server Rendering Systems W transfer and rendering load of the methods. Byte size and expected lifetime of simplifications. An example result is that in typical viewing and rendering conditions and for objects with a radius
Jansen, Erik
Technical note: Filling trim cracks on GPU-rendered solid models
We present an algorithm for improving the rendering appearance of CAD models with trimmed freeform surfaces when evaluated on graphics processing units (GPUs). Rendering on client GPUs allows mechanical CAD to embrace cloud computing by storing a single ... Keywords: Cracks, GPU rendering, Geometric modeling, Trimmed surfaces
Sushrut Pavanaskar; Sara Mcmains
An accelerating splatting algorithm based on multi-texture mapping for volume rendering
Texture-mapping hardware has been successfully exploited for volume rendering. In this paper, we combine splatting method with 2D texture mapping efficiently and propose an algorithm for footprint algorithm based volume rendering accelerated by multi ... Keywords: footprint, multi texture blending, splatting, volume render
Han Xiao; De-Gui Xiao
An accelerating rendering method of hybrid point and polygon for complex three-dimensional models
This paper presents an accelerating hybrid rendering method for complex three-dimensional models using both points and polygons. In circumstance of current PC hardware, our rendering method that integrates advantages of both GBMR (Graphics -Based Modeling ... Keywords: continuous multi-resolution models, modeling and rendering, point clouds, real-time property, virtual reality
Aimin Hao; Guifen Tian; Qinping Zhao; Zhide Li
Level-of-detail rendering of large-scale irregular volume datasets using particles
This paper describes a level-of-detail rendering technique for large-scale irregular volume datasets. It is well known that the memory bandwidth consumed by visibility sorting becomes the limiting factor when carrying out volume rendering of such datasets. ... Keywords: large-scale irregular volume, level-of-detail, volume rendering of unstructured meshes
Takuma Kawamura; Naohisa Sakamoto; Koji Koyamada
Testing hypergraph colorability
We study the problem of testing properties of hypergraphs. The goal of property testing is to distinguish between the case whether a given object has a certain property or is "far away" from the property. We prove that the fundamental problem of l-colorability ... Keywords: hypergraph algorithms, hypergraph coloring, hypergraphs, property testing
Artur Czumaj; Christian Sohler
Color of fall leaves
Color of fall leaves Color of fall leaves Name: macmillan Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: Around 1993 Question: Why do leaves change color in the fall? Is the cold a contributing factor? What determines the ultimate color of a leaf? Is the change due to an absence of chlorophyll or the presence of something else? Replies: This will be a partial answer. The colors are due to chemicals called carotenes, the same chemicals that give rise to color of carrots. There are several and they have different colors. They are present in the leaves all of the time. We see them in the fall because the chlorophyll production in the leaves stops. I think it is due to the cooling, not directly the presence of freezing temperatures, it seems to depend on the plant. It would be a good experiment to see what events contribute to the changes. Clearly the amount of water in the plant contributes to the quality of the color.
Eye Color in Humans
Eye Color in Humans Eye Color in Humans Name: Kristi Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: The dominant characteristic is the one most likely to appear in the offspring. In human beings, brown is the dominant color for eyes. The children who inherit at least on dominant gene will have either brown, green, or hazel eyes. Only childten who inherit two recessive genes will have pure blue eyes. If there are eight children in the family, what color eyes will most of them have? Replies: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/archive.htm Search under eye color Steve Sample You answer is of course dependent on the genes of the parents. If both parents do not have the recessive gene, then no children will have light colored eyes. If one has a recessive gene and the other not, then still no children will have light color eyes and on the average 25% of the eight children could have the recessive gene. If both parents have the recessive gene, then 25% of the eight children could have light color eyes.
Cool Roof Colored Materials
Cool Roof Colored Materials Cool Roof Colored Materials Speaker(s): Hashem Akbari Date: May 29, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Raising roof reflectivity from an existing 10-20% to about 60% can reduce cooling-energy use in buildings in excess of 20%. Cool roofs also result in a lower ambient temperature that further decreases the need for air conditioning and retards smog formation. Reflective roofing products currently available in the market are typically used for low-sloped roofs. For the residential buildings with steep-sloped roofs, non-white (colored) cool roofing products are generally not available and most consumers prefer colors other than white. In this collaborative project LBNL and ORNL are working with the roofing industry to develop and produce reflective, colored roofing products and make yhrm a market reality within three to
Color Blind Animals
Blind Animals Name: Hillary Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Are dogs and cats colorblind? If so what is the percentage? Are all animals color blind? Replies: yes,...
Crystalline Color Superconductivity
We give an introduction crystalline color superconductivity, arguing that it is likely to occur wherever quark matter in which color-flavor locking does not occur is found. We survey the properties of this form of quark matter, and argue that its presence in a compact star may result in pulsar glitches, and thus in observable consequences. However, elucidation of this proposal requires an understanding of the crystal structure, which is not yet in hand.
Krishna Rajagopal
On-the-Fly Decompression and Rendering of Multiresolution Terrain
We present a streaming geometry compression codec for multiresolution, uniformly-gridded, triangular terrain patches that supports very fast decompression. Our method is based on linear prediction and residual coding for lossless compression of the full-resolution data. As simplified patches on coarser levels in the hierarchy already incur some data loss, we optionally allow further quantization for more lossy compression. The quantization levels are adaptive on a per-patch basis, while still permitting seamless, adaptive tessellations of the terrain. Our geometry compression on such a hierarchy achieves compression ratios of 3:1 to 12:1. Our scheme is not only suitable for fast decompression on the CPU, but also for parallel decoding on the GPU with peak throughput over 2 billion triangles per second. Each terrain patch is independently decompressed on the fly from a variable-rate bitstream by a GPU geometry program with no branches or conditionals. Thus we can store the geometry compressed on the GPU, reducing storage and bandwidth requirements throughout the system. In our rendering approach, only compressed bitstreams and the decoded height values in the view-dependent 'cut' are explicitly stored on the GPU. Normal vectors are computed in a streaming fashion, and remaining geometry and texture coordinates, as well as mesh connectivity, are shared and re-used for all patches. We demonstrate and evaluate our algorithms on a small prototype system in which all compressed geometry fits in the GPU memory and decompression occurs on the fly every rendering frame without any cache maintenance.
Lindstrom, P; Cohen, J D
Fermilab | Graphics Standards | Guidelines | Colors
Colors Colors Fermilab's core color is NAL blue, developed for Fermilab in the 1970s by the Rustoleum® paint company. NAL blue, Fermilab's core color, should be the main color for: Two-color applications with black ink on white paper. Logo/mark treatments when a color besides black is desirable. Primary communications from the lab Directorate. Primary communications from the Office of Communication. Multicolor treatments in all media that communicate a core Fermilab message. NAL Blue - R0 G51 B153 When more than one color is desired, the use of colors from Fermilabs recommended palette is strongly encouraged. The recommended palette is derived from the original selections of Robert Wilson and Angela Gonzales. The links below provide the colors nearest Pantone Matching System (PMS)
Solar Oven, Take One: FAIL Solar Oven, Take One: FAIL Solar Oven, Take One: FAIL June 15, 2011 - 11:56am Addthis Our homemade solar oven. | Courtesy of Moon Choe Our homemade solar oven. | Courtesy of Moon Choe Moon Choe EERE Summer Intern The first time I ever saw solar cookers was on the news in the summer of 2009 (though that would make it their winter, as I was living in Chile at the time), as part of a development project in the north, which is mostly desert. I had no idea solar cookers were so markedly simple in all various facets, such as appearance, use, and construction, and ever since then, it always remained on my to-do list to make one of my own. Another added benefit that I was unaware of is that a solar cooker works at any time of year, so long as it's receiving direct sunlight (i.e. not
Electrolux Gibson Air Conditioner and Equator Clothes Washer Fail DOE
Electrolux Gibson Air Conditioner and Equator Clothes Washer Fail Electrolux Gibson Air Conditioner and Equator Clothes Washer Fail DOE Energy Star Testing Electrolux Gibson Air Conditioner and Equator Clothes Washer Fail DOE Energy Star Testing October 6, 2010 - 10:08am Addthis DOE testing in support of the ENERGY STAR program has revealed that an Electrolux Gibson air conditioner (model GAH105Q2T1) and an Equator clothes washer (model EZ 3720 CEE), both of which claimed ENERGY STAR ratings, do not meet the ENERGY STAR requirements. Specifically, the test results for the Electrolux Gibson model show that, when tested in accordance with DOE's test procedures, it consumed 6.1 percent more energy than the Energy Star requirement. Test results for the Equator model show that it exceeds Energy Star's water factor requirements by 12.3 percent.
Two ENERGY STAR Products Fail Testing | Department of Energy
Two ENERGY STAR Products Fail Testing Two ENERGY STAR Products Fail Testing Two ENERGY STAR Products Fail Testing August 9, 2011 - 4:42pm Addthis DOE testing has identified two additional models of home appliances that do not meet the ENERGY STAR Program's energy efficiency requirements. A refrigerator manufactured by the Perlick Corporation and a room air conditioner manufactured by Electrolux Home Products, Inc. were selected for testing as part of the DOE's ENERGY STAR Verification Testing Pilot Program. DOE testing revealed that Electrolux air conditioner (model FRA256ST2) and Perlick refrigerator (model HP48RO-S), both of which claimed ENERGY STAR ratings, do not meet the ENERGY STAR requirements. Multiple test results for the Electrolux model show that, when tested in accordance with DOE's
Fat Borders: Gap Filling for Efficient View-dependent LOD Rendering
Real-time high quality rendering of complex models remains a big challenge. Simply splitting the models into several parts which can be simplified and rendered independently introduces disturbing gaps along the common borders. Recent approaches for viewdependent rendering of huge models either neglect the artifacts introduced by the gaps or try to maintain the connectivity of the models. Unfortunately, in the second case the computational complexity and storage requirements of the algorithms are tremendous. In this
�. Bal�zs; M. Guthe; R. Klein
Using wesBench to Study the Rendering Performance of Graphics Processing Units
an NVIDIA Quadro FX 4500 graphics accelerator. The card is athe Rendering Performance of Graphics Processing Units E.January 8, 2010 Introduction Graphics operations consist of
Bethel, Edward W.
A process is given for coloring substantially colorless diamonds in the blue to blue-green range and comprises the steps of irradiating the colorless diamonds with electrons having an energy within the range 0.5 to 2 Mev to obtain an integrated electron flux of between 1 and 2 x 10/sup 18/ thc diamonds may be irradiated 1 hr when they take on a blue color with a slight green tint: After being heated at about 500 deg C for half an hour they become pure blue. Electrons within this energy range contam sufficient energy to displace the diamond atoms from their normal lattice sites into interstitial sites, thereby causing the color changes.
Dugdale, R.A.
Dealing with failed deregulation: what would price c. Watts do?
There has been much thought given to ways that might fix deregulated markets, and there is still no agreement on the correct fix. The once-pseudonymous Price C. Watts thinks it is time to think seriously about ways to reregulate where deregulation has failed. Here are some steps to get us there. (author)
Rothkopf, Michael H.
color: DIVPOP; black: low;
color: DIVPOP; black: low; red: middle; green: high. Vesicle dynamcis · Maturation rate comparison black: low DIVPOP red: middle DIVPOP green: high DIVPOP · Quality of vesicles black: low death rate red: master; red: mutants; black: vesicle boundary. Neutral model Step division model Conclusions (1
Utrecht, Universiteit
Approaching the exa-scale: a real-world evaluation of rendering extremely large data sets
Extremely large scale analysis is becoming increasingly important as supercomputers and their simulations move from petascale to exascale. The lack of dedicated hardware acceleration for rendering on today's supercomputing platforms motivates our detailed evaluation of the possibility of interactive rendering on the supercomputer. In order to facilitate our understanding of rendering on the supercomputing platform, we focus on scalability of rendering algorithms and architecture envisioned for exascale datasets. To understand tradeoffs for dealing with extremely large datasets, we compare three different rendering algorithms for large polygonal data: software based ray tracing, software based rasterization and hardware accelerated rasterization. We present a case study of strong and weak scaling of rendering extremely large data on both GPU and CPU based parallel supercomputers using Para View, a parallel visualization tool. Wc use three different data sets: two synthetic and one from a scientific application. At an extreme scale, algorithmic rendering choices make a difference and should be considered while approaching exascale computing, visualization, and analysis. We find software based ray-tracing offers a viable approach for scalable rendering of the projected future massive data sizes.
Patchett, John M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ahrens, James P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lo, Li - Ta [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Browniee, Carson S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mitchell, Christopher J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hansen, Chuck [UNIV OF UTAH
Non-photorealistic camera: depth edge detection and stylized rendering using multi-flash imaging
We present a non-photorealistic rendering approach to capture and convey shape features of real-world scenes. We use a camera with multiple flashes that are strategically positioned to cast shadows along depth discontinuities in the scene. The projective-geometric ... Keywords: depth edges, image enhancement, non-photorealistic rendering
Ramesh Raskar; Kar-Han Tan; Rogerio Feris; Jingyi Yu; Matthew Turk
Simulation and training of lumbar punctures using haptic volume rendering and a 6DOF haptic device
Simulation and training of lumbar punctures using haptic volume rendering and a 6DOF haptic device needle insertion and rotation. An improved haptic volume rendering approach is used to calculate the forces. This approach makes use of label data of relevant structures like skin, bone, muscles or fat
Lübeck, Universität zu
Hybrid rendering of dynamic heightfields using ray-casting and mesh rasterization
This paper presents a flexible hybrid method designed to render heightfield data, such as terrains, on GPU. It combines two traditional techniques, namely mesh-based rendering and per-pixel ray-casting. A heuristic is proposed to dynamically choose between ...
Lucas Ammann; Olivier G�nevaux; Jean-Michel Dischler
Method and system for rendering and interacting with an adaptable computing environment
An adaptable computing environment is implemented with software entities termed "s-machines", which self-assemble into hierarchical data structures capable of rendering and interacting with the computing environment. A hierarchical data structure includes a first hierarchical s-machine bound to a second hierarchical s-machine. The first hierarchical s-machine is associated with a first layer of a rendering region on a display screen and the second hierarchical s-machine is associated with a second layer of the rendering region overlaying at least a portion of the first layer. A screen element s-machine is linked to the first hierarchical s-machine. The screen element s-machine manages data associated with a screen element rendered to the display screen within the rendering region at the first layer.
Osbourn, Gordon Cecil (Albuquerque, NM); Bouchard, Ann Marie (Albuquerque, NM)
Background Car Color and Safety
A frequently asked question of Foundation staff is "What is the safest car color?" Psychological studies show that color has an effect on behavior, and there are other studies about color and conspicuity, but there are very few studies examining the impact of car color on crash rates. "Colors can create conditions that can cause fatigue, increase stress, decrease visual perception, damage eyesight, increase possible worker errors, and negatively affect orientation and safety " (www.colormatters.com). Studies examining traditional color psychology find blue is relaxing and red increases heart rate and blood pressure. Color affects mood and people make purchasing decisions based on color. However, it seems unlikely that a person who dislikes the color orange, for example, would purposely crash into an orange vehicle. General studies have also been done to show the most visible colors for day and night; however, there are no studies directly addressing the relationship between car color (conspicuity) and crashes among passenger vehicles. The study below discusses colors for fire fighting equipment, and presumably it would have some relevance for passenger
unknown authors
Possibility of color magnetic superconductivity
Two aspects of quark matter at high density are addressed: one is color superconductivity and the other is ferromagnetism. We are mainly concerned with the latter and its relation to color superconductivity, which we call "color magnetic superconductivity". The relation of ferromagnetism and chiral symmetry restoration is also discussed.
Toshitaka Tatsumi; Tomoyuki Maruyama; Eiji Nakano
Use of Poultry Collagen Coating and Antioxidants as Flavor Protection for Cat Foods Made with Rendered Poultry Fat.
??Poultry skins and rendered poultry fat are by-products produced in excess at rendering plants. The use of low value by-products such as poultry collagen, from� (more)
Greene, Donna Mechelle
Fail-safe storage rack for irradiated fuel rod assemblies
A fail-safe storage rack is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.
Lewis, D.R.
Fail-safe storage rack for fuel rod assemblies
This report discusses a fail-safe storage rack which is provided for interim storage of spent but radioactive nuclear fuel rod assemblies. The rack consists of a checkerboard array of substantially square, elongate receiving tubes fully enclosed by a double walled container, the outer wall of which is imperforate for liquid containment and the inner wall of which is provided with perforations for admitting moderator liquid flow to the elongate receiving tubes, the liquid serving to take up waste heat from the stored nuclear assemblies and dissipate same to the ambient liquid reservoir. A perforated cover sealing the rack facilitates cooling liquid entry and dissipation.
A real-time system for crowd rendering: parallel LOD and texture-preserving approach on GPU
In modern games, rendering a massive scene with a large number of animated character is imminent and a very challenging task. In this paper, we present a real-time crowd rendering system on GPUs with a special focus on how to preserve texture appearance ... Keywords: GPGPU, crowd animation, crowd rendering, level of detail, texture-preserving
Chao Peng; Seung In Park; Yong Cao; Jie Tian
Precursor of Color Superconductivity
We investigate possible precursory phenomena of color superconductivity at finite temperature $T$ with an effective theory of QCD. It is found that the fluctuation of the diquark pair field exists with a prominent strength even well above the critical temperature $T_c$. We show that such a fluctuaiton forms a collective mode, the corresponding pole of which approaches the origin as $T$ is lowered to $T_c$ in the complex energy plane. We discuss the possible relevance of the precursor to the observables to be detected in heavy-ion collisions.
M. Kitazawa; T. Koide; T. Kunihiro; Y. Nemoto
Analysis of failed Stratapax-steel stud cutter elements
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Stratapax-steel stud bond strengths were evaluated in a quality control test fixture at loads up to 410 MPa. No failures occurred for cutter elements bonded in the first six diffusion bond runs. In the next two bond runs, Stratapax-steel stud cutter elements failed at test loads significantly less than 410 MPa. A failure analysis was performed on several of the failed cutter elements to isolate the material weakness responsible for the low load failures. Three groups of failures were identified: a cobalt depletion region on and immediately beneath the cemented carbide surface of the as-received Stratapax blanks, surface contamination at the carbide-steel bond joint and a weakness within the seel stud near the bond joint. Two additional defects were observed which were of some concern, namely, lamination line defects within the carbide portion of Stratapax blanks and severe grind damage on carbide surfaces of as-received Stratapax blanks. It was recommended that a grind schedule be included as part of the specimen preparation prior to bonding to alleviate the observed failures.
Pope, L.E.
T-532: Vulnerability in Graphics Rendering Engine Could Allow Remote Code Execution
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Microsoft is investigating new public reports of a vulnerability in the Windows Graphics Rendering Engine. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code in the security context of the logged-on user.
A perceptual study on haptic rendering of surface topography when both surface height and stiffness vary
This study is concerned with the distorted perception of surface topography when both surface height and surface stiffness vary. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted using virtual surfaces rendered with a force-feedback device. In Exp. I, ...
Laron Walker; Hong Z. Tan
Methods for optimizing procedural shaders in interactive three-dimensional rendering systems
Many applications require interactive 3D rendering systems ranging from computer- aided design (CAD) to entertainment. In order to reproduce photorcalistic effects, these systems must evaluate complex program called "shaders" at each pixel. Pixel shaders ...
Pitchaya Sitthi-Amorn / Jason Lawrence
A nNon-photorealistic Model for Procedural Painterly Rendered Trees in the Style of Corot
This thesis describes the development of a system for the procedural generation and painterly rendering of trees. Specifically, the rendered trees are modeled after those found in the oil landscape paintings of 19th century French painter Camille Corot. The rendering system, which is a combination of MEL-scripted Maya tools and Renderman shaders, facilitates the creation of still images that look convincingly painterly, as well as 3D animations with temporal coherence. Brush stroke properties are animated based on distance from the camera, so that traditional painting techniques for representing depth are incorporated into the computer-generated animations. During the development process, the system was generalized to apply to other structures, such as grass and rocks, and allows for the creation and rendering of entire landscapes. Several example animations were created with the system to demonstrate the ideas developed during the process and the quality of the results.
Losure, Michael Robert
Detonating Failed Deflagration Model of Thermonuclear Supernovae I. Explosion Dynamics
We present a detonating failed deflagration model of Type Ia supernovae. In this model, the thermonuclear explosion of a massive white dwarf follows an off-center deflagration. We conduct a survey of asymmetric ignition configurations initiated at various distances from the stellar center. In all cases studied, we find that only a small amount of stellar fuel is consumed during deflagration phase, no explosion is obtained, and the released energy is mostly wasted on expanding the progenitor. Products of the failed deflagration quickly reach the stellar surface, polluting and strongly disturbing it. These disturbances eventually evolve into small and isolated shock-dominated regions which are rich in fuel. We consider these regions as seeds capable of forming self-sustained detonations that, ultimately, result in the thermonuclear supernova explosion. Preliminary nucleosynthesis results indicate the model supernova ejecta are typically composed of about 0.1-0.25 Msun of silicon group elements, 0.9-1.2 Msun of iron group elements, and are essentially carbon-free. The ejecta have a composite morphology, are chemically stratified, and display a modest amount of intrinsic asymmetry. The innermost layers are slightly egg-shaped with the axis ratio ~1.2-1.3 and dominated by the products of silicon burning. This central region is surrounded by a shell of silicon-group elements. The outermost layers of ejecta are highly inhomogeneous and contain products of incomplete oxygen burning with only small admixture of unburned stellar material. The explosion energies are ~1.3-1.5 10^51 erg.
Tomasz Plewa
Modeling and Simulation of a JBIG2 Compliant Color Printer Pipeline
We develop a computer aided design (CAD) tool for the simulation and testing of a color image printing pipeline. True color images typically have three color planes (red, green and blue) with eight bits of resolution per pixel per image plane. Printing these images involves a binarization process called halftoning which converts each color plane into a binary image for rendering on binary devices such as printers. While the halftoning algorithm is the heart of the printer pipeline, several preprocessing methods are often required to perform basic image manipulations. These include printer dependent color transformations, image scaling/resizing, and image compression. Thus images at various stages in the printer pipeline are subjected to various types of distortions. Simulation of the printer pipeline is of key importance for end-to-end performance optimization. We model the printer pipeline using the synchronous data ow (SDF) model of computation in the Ptolemy design environment. We simulate typical tradeo s in a color printer pipeline using JBIG2 compliant image compression. We also provide an interactive high level interface to key pipeline parameters via MATLAB and/or the Ptolemy graphical user interface (GUI).
Niranjan Damera-Venkata; Chase Krumpelman
False color viewing device
This invention consists of a viewing device for observing objects in near-infrared false-color comprising a pair of goggles with one or more filters in the apertures, and pads that engage the face for blocking stray light from the sides so that all light reaching, the user`s eyes come through the filters. The filters attenuate most visible light and pass near-infrared (having wavelengths longer than approximately 700 nm) and a small amount of blue-green and blue-violet (having wavelengths in the 500 to 520 nm and shorter than 435 nm, respectively). The goggles are useful for looking at vegetation to identify different species and for determining the health of the vegetation, and to detect some forms of camouflage.
Kronberg, J.W.
A viewing device for observing objects in near-infrared false-color comprising a pair of goggles with one or more filters in the apertures, and pads that engage the face for blocking stray light from the sides so that all light reaching the user's eyes come through the filters. The filters attenuate most visible light and pass near-infrared (having wavelengths longer than approximately 700 nm) and a small amount of blue-green and blue-violet (having wavelengths in the 500 to 520 nm and shorter than 435 nm, respectively). The goggles are useful for looking at vegetation to identify different species and for determining the health of the vegetation, and to detect some forms of camouflage.
Kronberg, James W. (108 Independent Blvd., Aiken, SC 29801)
A viewing device for observing objects in near-infrared false-color comprising a pair of goggles with one or more filters in the apertures, and pads that engage the face for blocking stray light from the sides so that all light reaching the user's eyes come through the filters. The filters attenuate most visible light and pass near-infrared (having wavelengths longer than approximately 700 nm) and a small amount of blue-green and blue-violet (having wavelengths in the 500 to 520 nm and shorter than 435 nm, respectively). The goggles are useful for looking at vegetation to identify different species and for determining the health of the vegetation, and to detect some forms of camouflage. 7 figs.
Blur Filtration Fails to Preserve Privacy for Home-Based Video Conferencing
Blur Filtration Fails to Preserve Privacy for Home-Based Video Conferencing CARMAN NEUSTAEDTER, S. and Boyle, M. (2006). Blur Filtration Fails to Preserve Privacy for Home-Based Video Conferencing
Greenberg, Saul
Lugano, 12th November 2012 A supercomputer to understand the failing heart
the failing heart Biventricular pacemakers fail to improve the faulty contraction of the diseased heart in thirty per cent of patients with heart failure. Together conduction system in the heart, which keeps the blood circulation going
Image capture system colors transforms
The goal of this paper is to simulate the colors transforms of the reflected light from an illuminated object that passes trough an image capture system. We are interested to see the colors differences at the output of each component from which the light ... Keywords: CIE standards, human eye response, lenses and filters transmittance, spectral images
Toadere Florin
Expanding display color gamut beyond the spectrum locus,� Color Res
Abstract: Digital video and display media are at a �sweet spot � of growth with brighter and more colorful digital projectors and displays available seemingly every day. Much more is possible in achieving brighter and more vibrant colors, colors that may even transcend our typical experience in terms of dynamic range and an expanded gamut in the perceptual sense. If the full capabilities of these technologies to produce a fuller vis-ual experience are to be realized, new processing and encoding methodologies are re-quired. In this paper, the powers of adaptation and the CIECAM02 color appearance model are exploited to define perceptual gamut. The strategy of this methodology is, sim-ply and in effect, to �push down � the white point of the display and demonstrate, both empirically and with a limited set of images, a striking gamut expansion in the percep-tions of lightness, chroma, brightness, and colorfulness beyond the locus of pure, spectral color and the MacAdam Limits as observed with traditional display configurations. Key words: perceptual gamut, display color gamut, high dynamic range displays
Rodney L. Heckaman; Mark D. Fairchild
A Practical Framework for Sharing and Rendering Real-World Bidirectional
A Practical Framework for Sharing and Rendering Real-World Bidirectional A Practical Framework for Sharing and Rendering Real-World Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions Title A Practical Framework for Sharing and Rendering Real-World Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-5954E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Ward, Gregory J., Murat Kurt, and Nicolas Bonneel Date Published 10/2012 Keywords building technology and urban systems department, windows and envelope materials group Abstract The utilization of real-world materials has been hindered by a lack of standards for sharing and interpreting measured data. This paper presents an XML representation and an Open Source C library to support bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) in data-driven lighting simulation and rendering applications.The library provides for the efficient representation, query, and Monte Carlo sampling of arbitrary BSDFs in amodel-free framework. Currently, we support two BSDF data representations: one using a fixed subdivision of thehemisphere, and one with adaptive density. The fixed type has advantages for certain matrix operations, while theadaptive type can more accurately represent highly peaked data. We discuss advanced methods for data-driven BSDF rendering for both types, including the proxy of detailed geometry to enhance appearance and accuracy. We also present an advanced interpolation method to reduce measured data into these standard representations. We end with our plan for future extensions and sharing of BSDF data.
A Volume Rendering Extension for the OpenSG Scene Graph API
We will present the current state of our ongoing work on a simple to use, extensible and cross-platform volume rendering library. Primary target of our framework is interactive scientific visualization, but volumetric effects are also desirable in other fields of computer graphics, e.g. virtual reality applications. The framework we present is based on texture-based direct volume rendering. We apply the concept of volume shaders and demonstrate their usefulness in terms of flexibility, extensibility and adaption to new or different graphics hardware. Our framework is based on the OpenSG scene graph API, that is designed especially with multi-threading and cluster-rendering in mind, thus, it is very easy to integrate volumetric visualizations into powerful virtual reality systems.
Thomas Klein Manfred; Thomas Klein; Manfred Weiler; Thomas Ertl
Light emitting diode color rendition properties.
??This paper discusses the color rendition capabilities of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and their relationship with the current standard for color rendition quality. The current� (more)
Hood, Sean
Partial Deconfinement in Color Superconductivity
We analyze the fate of the unbroken SU(2) color gauge interactions for 2 light flavors color superconductivity at non zero temperature. Using a simple model we compute the deconfining/confining critical temperature and show that is smaller than the critical temperature for the onset of the superconductive state itself. The breaking of Lorentz invariance, induced already at zero temperature by the quark chemical potential, is shown to heavily affect the value of the critical temperature and all of the relevant features related to the deconfining transition. Modifying the Polyakov loop model to describe the SU(2) immersed in the diquark medium we argue that the deconfinement transition is second order. Having constructed part of the equation of state for the 2 color superconducting phase at low temperatures our results are relevant for the physics of compact objects featuring a two flavor color superconductive state.
F. Sannino; N. Marchal; W. Sch�fer
Same same but different: comparing rendering environments for interactive digital objects
Digital cultural heritage in interactive form can take different shapes. It can be either in the form of interactive virtual representations of nondigital objects like buildings or nature, but also as born digital materials like interactive art and video ... Keywords: characterization, digital preservation, emulation, image segmentation, preservation planning, rendering
M. Guttenbrunner; J. Wieners; A. Rauber; M. Thaller
Uniform illumination rendering using an array of LEDs: a signal processing perspective
An array of a large number of LEDs will be widely used in future indoor illumination systems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of rendering uniform illumination by a regular LED array on the ceiling of a room. We first present two general results ... Keywords: LED illumination, basic illumination pattern, regular grid, two-dimensional signal processing
Hongming Yang; Jan W. M. Bergmans; Tim C. W. Schenk; Jean-Paul M. G. Linnartz; Ronald Rietman
Out-of-core simplification and crack-free LOD volume rendering for irregular grids
We propose a novel out-of-core simplification and level-of-detail (LOD) volume rendering algorithm for large irregular grids represented as tetrahedral meshes. One important feature of our algorithm is that it creates a space decomposition as required ...
Zhiyan Du; Yi-Jen Chiang
Extended Specifications and Test Data Sets for Data Level Comparisons of Direct Volume Rendering Algorithms
Abstract�Direct volume rendering (DVR) algorithms do not generate intermediate geometry to create a visualization, yet they produce countless variations in the resulting images. Therefore, comparative studies are essential for objective interpretation. ... Keywords: Metrics, opacity, gradient, surface classification, volume visualization, image quality, uncertainty visualization.
Kwansik Kim; Craig M. Wittenbrink; Alex Pang
Technical Section: Efficient volume rendering on the body centered cubic lattice using box splines
We demonstrate that non-separable box splines deployed on body centered cubic lattices (BCC) are suitable for fast evaluation on present graphics hardware. Therefore, we develop the linear and quintic box splines using a piecewise polynomial (pp)-form ... Keywords: Body centered cubic lattice, Box splines, Reconstruction, Volume rendering
Bernhard Finkbeiner; Alireza Entezari; Dimitri Van De Ville; Torsten M�ller
OpenFlipper: an open source geometry processing and rendering framework
In this paper we present OpenFlipper, an extensible open source geometry processing and rendering framework. OpenFlipper is a free software toolkit and software development platform for geometry processing algorithms. It is mainly developed in the context ... Keywords: geometry processing, open source, software framework
Jan M�bius; Leif Kobbelt
COMPUTERGRAPHICSProceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1994 Fast Volume Rendering Using a Shear-Warp Factorization
this extension. Third, we introduce a data structure for encoding spatial coherence in unclassified volumes (i extends to support mixed volumes and geometry and is parallelizable. CR Categories: 1.3.7 [Computer--Display Algorithms. Additional Keywords: Volume rendering, Coherence, Scientific visualization, Medical imaging. 1
Stanford University
To appear in the ACM SIGGRAPH conference proceedings Accurate Light Source Acquisition and Rendering
thickness in halogen light bulbs can have a significant impact on the illumination patterns generatedTo appear in the ACM SIGGRAPH conference proceedings Accurate Light Source Acquisition 2) The University of British Columbia Figure 1: Stages of light source measurement and rendering
Heidrich, Wolfgang
thickness in halogen light bulbs can have a significant impact on the illumination patterns generatedTo appear in the ACM SIGGRAPH conference proceedings Accurate Light Source Acquisition) The University of British Columbia Figure 1: Stages of light source measurement and rendering (from left to right
Recanati, Catherine
Color spaces in digital video
Whether it`s photography, computer graphics, publishing, or video; each medium has a defined color space, or gamut, which defines the extent that a given set of RGB colors can be mixed. When converting from one medium to another, an image must go through some form of conversion which maps colors into the destination color space. The conversion process isn`t always straight forward, easy, or reversible. In video, two common analog composite color spaces are Y`tjv (used in PAL) and Y`IQ (used in NTSC). These two color spaces have been around since the beginning of color television, and are primarily used in video transmission. Another analog scheme used in broadcast studios is Y`, R`-Y`, B`-Y` (used in Betacam and Mll) which is a component format. Y`, R`-Y`,B`-Y` maintains the color information of RGB but in less space. From this, the digital component video specification, ITU-Rec. 601-4 (formerly CCIR Rec. 601) was based. The color space for Rec. 601 is symbolized as Y`CbCr. Digital video formats such as DV, Dl, Digital-S, etc., use Rec. 601 to define their color gamut. Digital composite video (for D2 tape) is digitized analog Y`UV and is seeing decreased use. Because so much information is contained in video, segments of any significant length usually require some form of data compression. All of the above mentioned analog video formats are a means of reducing the bandwidth of RGB video. Video bulk storage devices, such as digital disk recorders, usually store frames in Y`CbCr format, even if no other compression method is used. Computer graphics and computer animations originate in RGB format because RGB must be used to calculate lighting and shadows. But storage of long animations in RGB format is usually cost prohibitive and a 30 frame-per-second data rate of uncompressed RGB is beyond most computers. By taking advantage of certain aspects of the human visual system, true color 24-bit RGB video images can be compressed with minimal loss of visual information. For example, humans `see` more white-to-black (luminance) detail then red, green, or blue color detail. Also, the eye is most sensitive to green colors. Taking advantage of this, both composite and component video allocates more bandwidth for the luma (Y`) signal than the chroma signals. Y`611 is composed of 59% green`, 30% red`, and 11% blue` (prime symbol denotes gamma corrected colors). This luma signal also maintains compatibility with black and white television receivers. Component digital video converts R`G`B` signals (either from a camera or a computer) to a monochromatic brightness signal Y` (referred here as luma to distinguish it from the CIE luminance linear- light quantity), and two color difference signals Cb and Cr. These last two are the blue and red signals with the luma component subtracted out. As you know, computer graphic images are composed of red, green, and blue elements defined in a linear color space. Color monitors do not display RGB linearly. A linear RGB color space image must be gamma corrected to be displayed properly on a CRT. Gamma correction, which is approximately a 0.45 power function, must also be employed before converting an RGB image to video color space. Gamma correction is defined for video in the international standard: ITU-Rec. BT.709-4. The gamma correction transform is the same for red, green, and blue. The color coding standard for component digital video and high definition video symbolizes gamma corrected luma by Y`, the blue difference signal by Cb (Cb = B` -Y`), and the red color difference signal by Cr (Cr = R` - Y`). Component analog HDTV uses Y`PbPr. To reduce conversion errors, clip in R`G`B`, not in Y`CbCr space. View video on a video monitor, computer monitor phosphors are wrong. Use a large word size (double precision) to avoid warp around, the0232n round the results to values between 0 and 255. And finally, recall that multiplying two 8- bit numbers results in a 16-bit number, so values need to be clipped to 8-bits.
Gaunt, R.
Virtual Reality in Brazil 2011: RPR-SORS: Real-time photorealistic rendering of synthetic objects into real scenes
This paper presents a review of the Photorealistic Augmented Reality field and proposes a solution for interactively rendering virtual objects into dynamic real scenes in a photorealistic way. This solution features a rendering pipeline that comprises ... Keywords: Augmented reality, Authoring toolkit, Computer graphics, Photorealism, Pipeline
Saulo A. Pessoa; Guilherme de S. Moura; Joao Paulo S. do M. Lima; Veronica Teichrieb; Judith Kelner
Out-of-core volume rendering for time-varying fields using a space-partitioning time (SPT) tree
In this paper, we propose a novel out-of-core volume rendering algorithm for large time-varying fields. Exploring temporal and spatial coherences has been an important direction for speeding up the rendering of time-varying data. Previously, there were ...
Zhiyan Du; Yi-Jen Chiang; Han-Wei Shen
Electroweak Baryogenesis and Colored Scalars
We consider the 2-loop finite temperature effective potential for a Standard Model-like Higgs boson, allowing Higgs boson couplings to additional scalars. If the scalars transform under color, they contribute 2-loop diagrams to the effective potential that include gluons. These 2-loop effects are perhaps stronger than previously appreciated. For a Higgs boson mass of 115 GeV, they can increase the strength of the phase transition by as much as a factor of 3.5. It is this effect that is responsible for the survival of the tenuous electroweak baryogenesis window of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We further illuminate the importance of these 2-loop diagrams by contrasting models with colored scalars to models with singlet scalars. We conclude that baryogenesis favors models with light colored scalars. This motivates searches for pair-produced di-jet resonances or jet(s) + = E{sub T}.
Cohen, Timothy; /SLAC /Michigan U., MCTP; Pierce, Aaron; /Michigan U., MCTP
Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply with
Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply with Federal Energy Conservation Standards Rule Issued to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail To Comply with Federal Energy Conservation Standards July 12, 2013 - 4:08pm Addthis After collaborating with the Department of Energy and considering comments from stakeholders, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") and the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued a final rule last week that allows CBP to refuse admission into the customs territory of the United States for sale within the United States of covered products that fail to meet an applicable DOE energy conservation standard. The notice also allows CBP to refuse admission of covered products that fail to comply with the
Fail Save Shut Off Valve for Filtering Systems Employing Candle Filters
Fail Save Shut Off Fail Save Shut Off Valve for Filtering Systems Employing Candle Filters Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing United States Patent Number 6,981,516 entitled "Fail save shut off valve for filtering systems employing candle filters." Disclosed in this patent is a novel fail save shut off valve system that allows fluid flow during normal operational conditions, but prevents the flow of fluids in the event of system failure upstream that causes over- pressurization. It is particularly well suited for use in conjunction with hot gas filtering systems, which utilize ceramic candle filters. Used in such a hot gas system, the fail save valve stops the flow
A Survey of Ocean Simulation and Rendering Techniques in Computer Graphics
This paper presents a survey of ocean simulation and rendering methods in computer graphics. To model and animate the ocean's surface, these methods mainly rely on two main approaches: on the one hand, those which approximate ocean dynamics with parametric, spectral or hybrid models and use empirical laws from oceanographic research. We will see that this type of methods essentially allows the simulation of ocean scenes in the deep water domain, without breaking waves. On the other hand, physically-based methods use Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE) to represent breaking waves and more generally ocean surface near the shore. We also describe ocean rendering methods in computer graphics, with a special interest in the simulation of phenomena such as foam and spray, and light's interaction with the ocean surface.
Darles, Emmanuelle; Ghazanfarpour, Djamchid; Gonzato, Jean-Christophe; 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2010.01828.x
Manhattan Project: Trinity (Color Photograph)
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
(COLOR PHOTOGRAPH) (COLOR PHOTOGRAPH) Trinity Test Site (July 16, 1945) Resources > Photo Gallery Trinity, July 16, 1945 (This is the page for the photograph only; see "The Trinity Test" for more information about the test itself.) The photo is courtesy Los Alamos National Laboratories; it is reproduced on the front cover of Los Alamos: Beginning of an Era, 1943-1945 (Los Alamos: Public Relations Office, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, ca. 1967-1971). The inside of the front cover describes the history of the photograph this way: Although colored movies were taken of the Trinity test, they were of poor quality and have since deteriorated. This cover photograph, also showing the ravages of time, is the only existing color shot of the test. It was taken, surprisingly enough, by an amateur using his own camera. Jack Aeby, now [ca. 1967-1971] of H-6, was working at Trinity with Emilio Segrè studying delayed gamma rays. Segrè secured permission for Aeby to carry his camera to the site to record the group's activities. Came the test and, as Aeby says, 'it was there so I shot it.' The picture was taken from just outside Base Camp with a Perfex 33 camera using 33 mm film. The photograph provided the basis for the Theoretical Division's earliest calculations of the Trinity weapon's yield and was shortly confiscated by the Army and first published after the announcement was made of the bombing of Japan.
EERE Roofus' Solar and Efficient Home: Color Roofus
Color Roofus Print out this picture and color in Roofus and his dog house. Coloring page of Roofus and his house....
BLM Color Country District Office | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Color Country District Office Jump to: navigation, search Name BLM Color Country District Office Parent Organization BLM Place Cedar City, Utah References BLM Color Country...
Image Source Separation Using Color Channel Dependencies
We investigate the problem of source separation in images in the Bayesian framework using the color channel dependencies. As a case in point we consider the source separation of color images which have dependence between its components. A Markov Random ...
Koray Kayabol; Ercan E. Kuruoglu; Bulent Sankur
Two key questions about color superconductivity
We pose two key questions about color superconductivity: What are the effects of the large strange quark mass, and what are the observable consequences of color superconductivity? Motivated by the first question, we study ...
Kundu, Joydip, 1977-
BCS-Bose Crossover in Color Superconductivity
It is shown that the onset of the color superconducting phase occurs in the BCS-BE crossover region.
B. O. Kerbikov
Color Superconductivity: Symmetries and Effective Lagrangians
I briefly review the symmetries and the associated low energy effective Lagrangian for two light flavor Color Superconductivity (2SC).
Francesco Sannino
Unsupervised multiscale segmentation of color images
This paper proposes a new multiresolution technique for color image representation and segmentation, particularly suited for noisy images. A decimated wavelet transform is initially applied to each color channel of the image, and a multiresolution representation ... Keywords: Color images, Multiresolution, Region merging, Segmentation, Watersheds, Wavelets
Cl�udio Rosito Jung
Color models for outdoor machine vision
This study develops models for illumination and surface reflectance for use in outdoor color vision, and in particular for predicting the color of surfaces under outdoor conditions. Existing daylight and reflectance models have limitations that reduce ... Keywords: color, daylight, outdoor images, photometric function, reflectance model
Shashi D. Buluswar; Bruce A. Draper
A Study of Tabu Search for Coloring Random 3-Colorable Graphs Around the Phase Transition
The authors present an experimental investigation of tabu search (TS) to solve the 3-coloring problem (3-COL). Computational results reveal that a basic TS algorithm is able to find proper 3-colorings for random 3-colorable graphs with up to 11000 vertices ... Keywords: 3-Coloring, Phase Transitions, Random Graphs, TS Algorithm, Tabu Search
Jin-Kao Hao; Jean-Philippe Hamiez; Fred W. Glover
Color naming models for color selection, image editing and palette design
Our ability to reliably name colors provides a link between visual perception and symbolic cognition. In this paper, we investigate how a statistical model of color naming can enable user interfaces to meaningfully mimic this link and support novel interactions. ... Keywords: color modeling, color names, image editing, palette design, perception, visualization
Jeffrey Heer; Maureen Stone
Ray tracing and volume rendering large molecular data on multi-core and many-core architectures
Visualizing large molecular data requires efficient means of rendering millions of data elements that combine glyphs, geometry and volumetric techniques. The geometric and volumetric loads challenge traditional rasterization-based vis methods. Ray casting ...
Aaron Knoll, Ingo Wald, Paul A. Navr�til, Michael E. Papka, Kelly P. Gaither
Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Comply with
Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Comply with DOE Energy Conservation Standards Rule Proposed to Prohibit Importation of Products that Fail to Comply with DOE Energy Conservation Standards March 30, 2012 - 10:45am Addthis This week, after extensive collaboration with the Department of Energy, U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued a notice of proposed rulemaking proposing a mechanism to refuse admission into the customs territory of the United States to covered products that fail to meet an applicable DOE energy conservation standard. This rule, if adopted, would promote a level playing field for U.S. manufacturers and drive additional compliance with DOE energy conservation standards. The notice also provides for refusal of admission for failure
U-027: RSA Key Manager Appliance Session Logout Bug Fails to Terminate
7: RSA Key Manager Appliance Session Logout Bug Fails to 7: RSA Key Manager Appliance Session Logout Bug Fails to Terminate Sessions U-027: RSA Key Manager Appliance Session Logout Bug Fails to Terminate Sessions November 4, 2011 - 8:00am Addthis PROBLEM: RSA Key Manager Appliance Session Logout Bug Fails to Terminate Sessions. PLATFORM: RSA Key Manager Appliance 2.7 Service Pack 1 ABSTRACT: A remote authenticated user session may not terminate properly. reference LINKS: SecurityTracker Alert ID: 1026276 SecurityFocus Bug Traq Seclists: ESA-2011-035 CVE-2011-2740 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Medium Discussion: A vulnerability was reported in RSA Key Manager Appliance. A remote authenticated user session may not terminate properly. When using Firefox 4 and 5, an authenticated user session is not terminated properly when logging out.
LightBox -Exploring Interaction Modalities with Colored Light
-bright multi- colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of our system can generate any visible lighting color
Volume xx (200y), Number z, pp. 16 Volume Rendering Multivariate Data to Visualize
reintroduction success David S. Jachowski a, , Robert A. Gitzen a , Martin B. Grenier b , Brian Holmes c , Joshua- troduction attempts often fail (Beck et al., 1994; Armstrong and Sed- don, 2008). Despite this lack populations of ferrets (Livieri, 2006; Grenier et al., 2007). Factors differentiating successful
Kniss, Joe Michael
Acoustic Rendering and Auditory�Visual Cross-Modal Perception and Interaction
In recent years research in the three-dimensional sound generation field has been primarily focussed upon new applications of spatialized sound. In the computer graphics community the use of such techniques is most commonly found being applied to ... Keywords: I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling�Physically based Modelling, I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-dimensional Graphics and Realism�Virtual Reality, I.6.8 Types of Simulation�Animation, acoustic rendering, attention, auralization, cross-modal interaction, perception
Vedad Hulusic; Carlo Harvey; Kurt Debattista; Nicolas Tsingos; Steve Walker; David Howard; Alan Chalmers
... blue the low order byte. (eg: 255 is bright blue, (ash 255 8 = 65280 = 255 * 2^8) is bright green, etc. The image array of ...
A data distributed, parallel algorithm for ray-traced volume rendering
This paper presents a divide-and-conquer ray-traced volume rendering algorithm and its implementation on networked workstations and a massively parallel computer, the Connection Machine CM-5. This algorithm distributes the data and the computational load to individual processing units to achieve fast, high-quality rendering of high-resolution data, even when only a modest amount of memory is available on each machine. The volume data, once distributed, is left intact. The processing nodes perform local ray-tracing of their subvolume concurrently. No communication between processing units is needed during this locally ray-tracing process. A subimage is generated by each processing unit and the final image is obtained by compositing subimages in the proper order, which can be determined a priori. Implementations and tests on a group of networked workstations and on the Thinking Machines CM-5 demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm and expose different performance tuning issues for each platform. We use data sets from medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics simulations in the study of this algorithm.
Ma, Kwan-Liu; Painter, J.S. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Computer Science; Hansen, C.D.; Krogh, M.F. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Color Superconductivity in Asymmetric Matter
The influence of different chemical potential for different flavors on color superconductivity is analyzed. It is found that there is a first order transition as the asymmetry grows. This transition proceeds through the formation of bubbles of low density, flavor asymmetric normal phase inside a high density, superconducting phase with a gap {\\it larger} than the one found in the symmetric case. For small fixed asymmetries the system is normal at low densities and superconducting only above some critical density. For larger asymmetries the two massless quarks system stays in the mixed state for arbitrarily high densities.
Paulo F. Bedaque
DOE CALiPER Program, Report 20.1 Subjective Evaluation of Beam Quality, Shadow Quality, and Color Quality for LED PAR38 Lamps
This report focuses on human-evaluated characteristics, including beam quality, shadow quality, and color quality. Using a questionnaire that included rank ordering, opinions on 27 of the Report 20 PAR38 lamps were gathered during a demonstration event for members of the local Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) chapter. This was not a rigorous scientific experiment, and the data should not be extrapolated beyond the scope of the demonstration. The results suggest that many of the LED products compared favorably to halogen PAR38 benchmarks in all attributes considered. LED lamps using a single-emitter design were generally preferred for their beam quality and shadow quality, and the IES members ranking of color quality did not always match the rank according to the color rendering index (CRI).
Royer, Michael P.; Poplawski, Michael E.; Miller, Naomi J.
Demosaicing: image reconstruction from color ccd samples
A simplified color image formation model is used to construct an algorithm for image reconstruction from CCD sensors samples. The proposed method involves two successive steps. The first is motivated by Cok�s template matching technique, while the second step uses steerable inverse diffusion in color. Classical linear signal processing techniques tend to oversmooth the image and result in noticeable color artifacts along edges and sharp features. The question is how should the different color channels support each other to form the best possible reconstruction. Our answer is to let the edges support the color information, and the color channels support the edges, and thereby achieve better perceptual results than those that are bounded by the sampling theoretical limit.
Ron Kimmel
Multithreaded Algorithms for Graph Coloring
Graph algorithms are challenging to parallelize when high performance and scalability are primary goals. Low concurrency, poor data locality, irregular access pattern, and high data access to computation ratio are among the chief reasons for the challenge. The performance implication of these features is exasperated on distributed memory machines. More success is being achieved on shared-memory, multi-core architectures supporting multithreading. We consider a prototypical graph problem, coloring, and show how a greedy algorithm for solving it can be e*ectively parallelized on multithreaded architectures. We present in particular two di*erent parallel algorithms. The first relies on speculation and iteration, and is suitable for any shared-memory, multithreaded system. The second uses data ow principles and is targeted at the massively multithreaded Cray XMT system. We benchmark the algorithms on three di*erent platforms and demonstrate scalable runtime performance. In terms of quality of solution, both algorithms use nearly the same number of colors as the serial algorithm.
Catalyurek, Umit V.; Feo, John T.; Gebremedhin, Assefaw H.; Halappanavar, Mahantesh; Pothen, Alex
Electrically actuatable temporal tristimulus-color device
The electrically actuated light filter operates in a cyclical temporal mode to effect a tristimulus-color light analyzer. Construction is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer comprised of a high-speed movable mirror pair and cyclically powered electrical actuators. When combined with a single vidicon tube or a monochrome solid state image sensor, a temporally operated tristimulus-color video camera is effected. A color-generated is accomplished when constructed with a companion light source and is a flicker-free colored-light source for transmission type display systems. Advantages of low cost and small physical size result from photolithographic batch-processing manufacturability.
Koehler, Dale R. (1332 Wagontrain Dr., Albuquerque, NM 87123)
Bird's Eggs - Their Size, Shape and Color
Search Engine Table of Contents Copyright Disclaimer Bird's Eggs - Their Size, Shape and Color Nature Bulletin No. 455-A April 29, 1972 Forest Preserve District of Cook...
Two key questions about color superconductivity.
??We pose two key questions about color superconductivity: What are the effects of the large strange quark mass, and what are the observable consequences of� (more)
A laboratory evaluation of color video monitors
Sandia National Laboratories has considerable experience with monochrome video monitors used in alarm assessment video systems. Most of these systems, used for perimeter protection, were designed to classify rather than to identify intruders. There is a growing interest in the identification function of security video systems for both access control and insider protection. Because color video technology is rapidly changing and because color information is useful for identification purposes, Sandia National Laboratories established a program to evaluate the newest relevant color video equipment. This report documents the evaluation of an integral component, color monitors. It briefly discusses a critical parameter, dynamic range, details test procedures, and evaluates the results.
Terry, P.L.
Guidelines for Using Color to Depict Meteorological Information: IIPS Subcommittee for Color Guidelines
Color has a long history of use for visually communicating weather information; however, the mapping of colors to meteorological features has been dictated, for the most part, by common practice and has remained undocumented throughout the ...
The invention relates to an apparatus that acts as a fail save shut off valve. More specifically, the invention relates to a fail save shut off valve that allows fluid flow during normal operational conditions, but prevents the flow of fluids in the event of system failure upstream that causes over-pressurization. The present invention is particularly well suited for use in conjunction with hot gas filtering systems, which utilize ceramic candle filters. Used in such a hot gas system the present invention stops the flow of hot gas and prevents any particulate laden gas from entering the clean side of the system.
VanOsdol, John
Web queries with style: Rendering xcerpt programs with css-ng
Abstract. Styling and formatting of XML documents for various target media is often specified with the Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) language. An appealing feature of CSS is that it specifies formatting instructions using rather simple guarded rules. A limitation of CSS is that it focuses on static formatting rules. As a consequence scripting languages such as ECMA Script are used in practice for dynamic adaptation of formatting. CSS NG is a novel extension of CSS 3, the newest version of CSS, introducing just a few rules for a dynamic rendering and for markup visualization. This limited extension of CSS 3 turns out to make possible a rather advanced visualization of programs. This article (1) introduces into the extensions of CSS NG with respect to CSS 3, (2) describes a proof-of-concept prototype implementation of CSS NG, and (3) demonstrates CSS NG on Xcerpt query programs. 1
Fran�ois Bry; Christoph Wieser
Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi- and Many-core Systems
With the computing industry trending towards multi- and many-core processors, we study how a standard visualization algorithm, ray-casting volume rendering, can benefit from a hybrid parallelism approach. Hybrid parallelism provides the best of both worlds: using distributed-memory parallelism across a large numbers of nodes increases available FLOPs and memory, while exploiting shared-memory parallelism among the cores within each node ensures that each node performs its portion of the larger calculation as efficiently as possible. We demonstrate results from weak and strong scaling studies, at levels of concurrency ranging up to 216,000, and with datasets as large as 12.2 trillion cells. The greatest benefit from hybrid parallelism lies in the communication portion of the algorithm, the dominant cost at higher levels of concurrency. We show that reducing the number of participants with a hybrid approach significantly improves performance.
Howison, Mark; Bethel, E. Wes; Childs, Hank
MPI-hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi-core Systems
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid'" parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi-core Systems
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid'"parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid" parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
Planarity, colorability and minor games
Let m and b be positive integers and let F be a hypergraph. In an (m, b)Maker-Breaker game F two players, called Maker and Breaker, take turns selecting previously unclaimed vertices of F. Maker selects m vertices permove and Breaker selects b vertices per move. The game ends when every vertex has been claimed by one of the players. Maker wins if he claims all the vertices of some hyperedge of F; otherwise Breaker wins. An (m, b) Avoider-Enforcer game F is played in a similar way. The only difference is in the determination of the winner: Avoider loses if he claims all the vertices of some hyperedge of F; otherwise Enforcer loses. In this paper we consider the Maker-Breaker and Avoider-Enforcer versions of the planarity game, the k-colorability game and the K_t-minor game.
Dan Hefetz; et al.
Color symmetric superconductivity in a phenomenological QCD model
In this paper, we construct a theory of the NJL-type where superconductivity is present, and yet the super-conducting state remains, in the average, color symmetric. This shows that the present approach to color superconductivity is consistent with color singlet-ness. Indeed, quarks are free in the deconfined phase, but the deconfined phase itself is believed to be a color singlet. The usual description of the color superconducting state violates color singlet-ness. On the other hand, the color superconducting state here proposed, is color symmetric in the sense that an arbitrary color rotation leads to an equivalent state, with precisely the same physical properties.
Henrik Bohr; Constan�a Provid�ncia; Jo�o da Provid�ncia
A biologically inspired technique for sampling of color images
Color space dimensionality possesses main problem in fast processing of color images so appropriate sampling of color images is very important. Unlike the existing statistical sampling algorithm, in this paper, a biologically inspired non-linear color ... Keywords: Buchsbaum non-linearity, human retinal receptors, just noticeable difference (JND), model of color vision, non-linear sampling
Rajesh B Raut; K. M. Bhurchandi
Color image segmentation by means of a similarity function
An interactive, semiautomatic image segmentation method is presented which, unlike most of the existing methods in the published literature, processes the color information of each pixel as a unit, thus avoiding color information scattering. The process ... Keywords: HSI parameter distances, adaptive color similarity function, color image segmentation, morphology in color images
Rodolfo Alvarado-Cervantes; Edgardo M. Felipe-Riveron; Luis P. Sanchez-Fernandez
How Quantum Computers Fail: Quantum Codes, Correlations in Physical Systems, and Noise Accumulation
How Quantum Computers Fail: Quantum Codes, Correlations in Physical Systems, and Noise Accumulation Dedicated to the memory of Itamar Pitowsky Abstract The feasibility of computationally superior quantum computers is one of the most exciting and clear-cut sci- entific questions of our time. The question touches
Kalai, Gil
Ocean Color Web | Data.gov
Ocean Color Web Ocean Color Web Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean » Data Ocean Color Web Dataset Summary Description A comprehensive image analysis package for the processing, display, analysis, and quality control of ocean color data. Tags {Ocean,"water color",spectrometer,"sea viewing",MODIS,"marine biology",NASA,GSFC,"Goddard Space Flight Center"} Dataset Ratings Overall 0 No votes yet Data Utility 0 No votes yet Usefulness 0 No votes yet Ease of Access 0 No votes yet Dataset Additional Information Last Updated 15-Jan-2010 Publisher National Aeronautics and Space Administration Contact Name Contact Email email@example.com Unique Identifier NASA-1547
Long alternating cycles in edge-colored complete graphs
Let Knc denote a complete graph on n vertices whose edges are colored in an arbitrary way. And let ?(Knc) denote the maximum number of edges of the same ... Keywords: alternating cycle, color degree, edge-colored graph
Hao Li; Guanghui Wang; Shan Zhou
2013 Women of Color STEM Conference | Department of Energy
2013 Women of Color STEM Conference 2013 Women of Color STEM Conference October 17, 2013 9:45AM EDT to October 19, 2013 5:45PM EDT Dallas Texas Hosted by Women of Color magazine....
Factors influencing the neglect of color photography : 1860 to 1970
While the history of photographic color technology has been adequately discussed by E.J. Hall, Joseph Friedman, and Brian Coe, the relationship between complex tri-color systems and generalized use of color photography has ...
Milanowski, Stephen R
A hybrid parallel genetic algorithm approach for graph coloring
Graph-Coloring problem (GCP) deals with assigning labels (colors) to the vertices of a graph such that adjacent vertices do not get the same color. Coloring a graph with minimum number of colors is a well-known NP-hard problem. In this paper a new permutation ... Keywords: Graph coloring problem, message passing interface (MPI), migration model, parallel genetic algorithm, static wavelength assignment
S. N. Sivanandam; S. Sumathi; T. Hamsapriya
The Color Glass Condensate at RHIC
The Color Glass Condensate formalism and its application to high energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC are discussed. We argue that the RHIC data supports the view that the Color Glass Condensate provides the initial conditions for gold-gold collisions at RHIC while final state (Quark Gluon Plasma) effects are responsible for the high $p_t$ suppression in mid rapidity. At forward rapidities in deuteron-gold collisions, however, Color Glass Condensate is the underlying physics of the observed suppression of the particle spectra and their centrality dependence.
Jamal Jalilian-Marian
Some aspects of color superconductivity: an introduction
A pedagogical introduction to color superconductivity in the weak coupling limit is given. The focus is on the basic tools of thermal field theory necessary to compute observables of color superconductivity. The rich symmetry structure and symmetry breaking patterns are analyzed on the basis of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism. Some techniques can also be applied for computing neutrino processes in compact stars. As an example, we show how to obtain the neutrino emissivity for Urca processes in neutron stars by computing the polarization tensor of the W-boson. We also illustrate how a spin-1 color superconducting phase generates an anisotropic neutrino emissions in compact stars.
Qun Wang
Failed Fuel Analyses on Fuel Rods from Exelon BWRs, Volume 1: Poolside Inspection
Six Exelon plants currently using Framatome ANP (FANP) boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel with an iron-enriched liner in the cladding have experienced fuel failures at five of the six plants in the past 33 months. Current information about the failed fuel has been assembled into this technical report. The report includes manufacturing, operating, coolant activity, poolside examination, and water chemistry data as well as fuel design details, mechanical analyses, and a failure modes and effects analysis cha...
Color symmetrical superconductivity in a schematic nuclear quark model
In this note, a novel BCS-type formalism is constructed in the framework of a schematic QCD inspired quark model, having in mind the description of color symmetrical superconducting states. The physical properties of the BCS vacuum (average numbers of quarks of different colors) remain unchanged under an arbitrary color rotation. In the usual approach to color superconductivity, the pairing correlations affect only the quasi-particle states of two colors, the single particle states of the third color remaining unaffected by the pairing correlations. In the theory of color symmetrical superconductivity here proposed, the pairing correlations affect symmetrically the quasi-particle states of the three colors and vanishing net color-charge is automatically insured. It is found that the groundstate energy of the color symmetrical sector of the Bonn model is well approximated by the average energy of the color symmetrical superconducting state proposed here.
Henrik Bohr; Jo�o da Provid�ncia
Assessment of Snared-Loop Technique When Standard Retrieval of Inferior Vena Cava Filters Fails
Purpose To identify the success and complications related to a variant technique used to retrieve inferior vena cava filters when simple snare approach has failed. Methods A retrospective review of all Cook Guenther Tulip filters and Cook Celect filters retrieved between July 2006 and February 2008 was performed. During this period, 130 filter retrievals were attempted. In 33 cases, the standard retrieval technique failed. Retrieval was subsequently attempted with our modified retrieval technique. Results The retrieval was successful in 23 cases (mean dwell time, 171.84 days; range, 5-505 days) and unsuccessful in 10 cases (mean dwell time, 162.2 days; range, 94-360 days). Our filter retrievability rates increased from 74.6% with the standard retrieval method to 92.3% when the snared-loop technique was used. Unsuccessful retrieval was due to significant endothelialization (n = 9) and caval penetration by the filter (n = 1). A single complication occurred in the group, in a patient developing pulmonary emboli after attempted retrieval. Conclusion The technique we describe increased the retrievability of the two filters studied. Hook endothelialization is the main factor resulting in failed retrieval and continues to be a limitation with these filters.
Doody, Orla, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Noe, Geertje; Given, Mark F.; Foley, Peter T.; Lyon, Stuart M. [Alfred Hospital, Department of Radiology (Australia)
Water Surface Topography Retrieved from Color Images
Submerged objects viewed through wavy water surfaces appear distorted by refraction. An imaging system exploiting this effect is implemented using a submerged planar light source designed so that color images reveal features of small-amplitude ...
Jeffrey Koskulics; Steven Englehardt; Steven Long; Yongxiang Hu; Matteo Ottaviani; Knut Stamnes
Dichromatic color representations for complex display systems
New display technologies have begun to provide more innovative and potentially powerful methods to present information to a viewer. However, many of these techniques struggle to deliver accurate full color. In this paper, we address this difficulty by ...
Mark S. Peercy; Lambertus Hesselink
Multiresolution histogram analysis for color reduction
A new technique for color reduction is presented, based on the analysis of the histograms of an image at different resolutions. Given an input image, lower resolution images are generated by using a scaling down interpolation method. Then, peaks and ...
Giuliana Ramella; Gabriella Sanniti Di Baja
Photochromic sculpture: volumetric color-forming pixels
In contrast to light-emitting displays like plasma display panels (PDPs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs), color-forming displays like "E-Ink" which displays information by reflecting surrounding light are being actively researched as a technology ...
Tomoko Hashida; Yasuaki Kakehi; Takeshi Naemura
A Quaternion Framework for Color Image Smoothing and Segmentation
In this paper, we present feature/detail preserving models for color image smoothing and segmentation using the Hamiltonian quaternion framework. First, we introduce a novel quaternionic Gabor filter (QGF) which can combine the color channels and the ... Keywords: Color image segmentation, Color image smoothing, Continuous mixture models, Directional distributions, Matrix-Fisher distribution, Quaternion Gabor filter, Quaternions, Watson distribution, von Mises distribution
�zlem N. Subakan; Baba C. Vemuri
New and Underutilized Technology: Colored Paint | Department of Energy
Colored Paint Colored Paint New and Underutilized Technology: Colored Paint October 8, 2013 - 2:51pm Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for colored paints within the Federal sector. Benefits Colored paints have the potential to optimize heat reflective properties or decrease heat absorptive applications. New technologies allow the paint to be any color within the visible spectrum with either the absorptive or the reflective properties optimized for specific applications (disassociating it from the traditional color properties). Application Colored paints are appropriate for deployment within most building categories. Key Factors for Deployment Colored paint technologies and applications have come quite far. One application example for colored paints is to reduce the heat load on a wall
The Particle Adventure | What holds it together? | Color charge
The Standard Model > What holds it together? > Color charge The Standard Model > What holds it together? > Color charge Color charge Quarks and gluons are color-charged particles. Just as electrically-charged particles interact by exchanging photons in electromagnetic interactions, color-charged particles exchange gluons in strong interactions. When two quarks are close to one another, they exchange gluons and create a very strong color force field that binds the quarks together. The force field gets stronger as the quarks get further apart. Quarks constantly change their color charges as they exchange gluons with other quarks. How does color charge work? There are three color charges and three corresponding anticolor (complementary color) charges. Each quark has one of the three color charges and each antiquark has one of the three anticolor charges. Just as a mix of red, green, and blue light yields white light, in a baryon a combination of "red," "green," and "blue" color charges is color neutral, and in an antibaryon "antired," "antigreen," and "antiblue" is also color neutral. Mesons are color neutral because they carry combinations such as "red" and "antired."
Color Changes in Fish, Frogs and Lizards
Color Changes in Fish, Frogs and Lizards Color Changes in Fish, Frogs and Lizards Nature Bulletin No. 706 February 23, 1963 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President David H. Thompson, Senior Naturalist COLOR CHANGES IN FISH, FROGS AND LIZARDS Proverbially, the chameleon changes its color to suit every mood or situation. Hence the word is also an expression of contempt for a person who is fickle or changeable in character. That little lizard which is peddled at circuses or sold in pet shops under the name of "chameleon" is not the true Chameleon of the Old World tropics but the Anole, a native of the warm humid regions of our southeastern states. It is able to change from green to brown, or reverse, with some intermediate colors. Ordinarily it is pale green when quite warm or after it has been in the dark. In bright light or at low temperatures it is brown. Contrary to popular belief a brown anole may be found on a green leaf or a green one on brown bark.
Web-based Stereo Rendering for Visualization and Annotation of Scientific Volumetric Data
Eng, Daniel C.
We show that the photospheres of 'failed' gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), whose bulk Lorentz factors are much lower than 100, can be outside of internal shocks. The resulting radiation from the photospheres is thermal and bright in the UV/soft X-ray band. The photospheric emission lasts for about 1000 s with a luminosity about several times 10{sup 46} erg s{sup -1}. These events can be observed by current and future satellites. It is also shown that the afterglows of failed GRBs are peculiar at the early stage, which makes it possible to distinguish failed GRBs from ordinary GRBs and beaming-induced orphan afterglows.
Xu, M.; Huang, Y. F. [Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China); Nagataki, S.; Lee, S.-H., E-mail: email@example.com [Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
Philips Color Kinetics | Open Energy Information
Color Kinetics Color Kinetics Jump to: navigation, search Name Philips Color Kinetics Address 3 Burlington Woods Drive, 4th Floor Place Burlington, Massachusetts Zip 01803 Sector Efficiency Product LED lighting systems Website http://www.colorkinetics.com/ Coordinates 42.5005723°, -71.2042619° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.5005723,"lon":-71.2042619,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Preparation of Metal Filter Element for Fail Safety in IGCC Filter Unit
Metal filter elements as the fail safety filter are fabricated by the methods using cold isostatic pressure (compress method) and binder (binder method) to form the filter element and tested in a experimental and bench units. The fail safety filter on the filtration system is mounted additionally in order to intercept the particle leak when the main filter element is broken. So it should have two contrary functions of a high permeability and being plugged easily. The filter element having high porosity and high plugging property was fabricated by the bind method. It has the porosity more than 50%, showed very small pressure drop less than 10mmH2O at the face velocity of 0.15m/s, and plugged within 5 minutes with the inhibition of the particle leak larger than 4 {micro}m. The test result of corrosion tendency in IGCC gas stream at 500 C shows SUS310L material is very reasonable among SUS310, SUS316, Inconel 600, and Hastelloy X.
Choi, J-H.; Ahn, I-S.; Bak, Y-C.; Bae, S-Y.; Ha, S-J.; Jang, H-J.
On Color Superconductivity in External Magnetic Field
We study color superconductivity in external magnetic field. We discuss the reason why the mixing angles in color-flavor locked (CFL) and two-flavor superconductivity (2SC) phases are different despite the fact that the CFL gap goes to the 2SC gap for $m_s \\to \\infty$. Although flavor symmetry is explicitly broken in external magnetic field, we show that all values of gaps in their coset spaces of possible solutions in the CFL phase are equivalent in external magnetic field.
E. V. Gorbar
Midea Agrees to Pay $4.5M for Four Models that Fail to Meet Federal Energy
Midea Agrees to Pay $4.5M for Four Models that Fail to Meet Federal Midea Agrees to Pay $4.5M for Four Models that Fail to Meet Federal Energy Standards Midea Agrees to Pay $4.5M for Four Models that Fail to Meet Federal Energy Standards November 28, 2012 - 5:47pm Addthis Midea America Corp., Hefei Hualing Co., Ltd., and China Refrigeration Industry Co., Ltd. ("Midea")-all subsidiaries or affiliates of GD Midea Holding Co., Ltd.-agreed to pay $4,562,838 after admitting in a Compromise Agreement that one refrigerator-freezer basic model and three freezer basic models fail to meet the relevant federal energy conservation standards. Specifically, Midea admitted that the DOE-tested units of the offending basic models consumed energy at approximately the following rates: UL-WD195-D: 55% over the standard UL-WD145-D: 28% over the standard
Deterministic distributed vertex coloring in polylogarithmic time
Consider an n-vertex graph G = (V,E) of maximum degree ?, and suppose that each vertex v ? V hosts a processor. The processors are allowed to communicate only with their neighbors in G. The communication ... Keywords: arbdefective-coloring, arboricity, partial-orientation
Leonid Barenboim; Michael Elkin
Quark-gluon correlations and Color Polarizabilities
We discuss the present status of the twist-3 matrix element in the spin srtructure of the nucleon and describe two proposed experiments that will improve on the precision of the present measurements of the twist-3 and twist-4 matrix elements for both the proton and the neutron and consequently will improve on our knowledge of the �color polarizabilitites� in the nucleon.
Zein-Eddine Meziani
Color superconductivity and the strange quark
At ultra-high density, matter is expected to form a degenerate Fermi gas of quarks in which there is a condensate of Cooper pairs of quarks near the Fermi surface: color superconductivity. In these proceedings I review some of the underlying physics, and discuss outstanding questions about the phase structure of ultra-dense quark matter.
Mark G Alford
Color selective photodetector and methods of making
A photoelectric device, such as a photodetector, can include a semiconductor nanowire electrostatically associated with a J-aggregate. The J-aggregate can facilitate absorption of a desired wavelength of light, and the semiconductor nanowire can facilitate charge transport. The color of light detected by the device can be chosen by selecting a J-aggregate with a corresponding peak absorption wavelength.
Walker, Brian J.; Dorn, August; Bulovic, Vladimir; Bawendi, Moungi G.
Light and Color in Nature -Scattering Effects -
in reactor, nuclear bomb · Limit: Diffusion Theory Very many scattering events Effective anisotropy · Strongly wavelength-dependent (1/4) WS03/04: Light and Color in Nature Scattering Scattering Theory equation · Astrophysics Radiation density inside stars · Nuclear physics Neutron density & velocity
Assarsson, Ulf
The rules of perception : American color science, 1831-1931
Although vision was seldom studied in Antebellum America, color and color perception became a critical field of scientific inquiry in the United States during the Gilded Age and progressive era. Through a historical ...
Rossi, Michael Paul, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Relevance Feedback Techniques for Color-based Image Retrieval
Color has been widely used in content-based image retrieval systems. The problem with using color is that its representation is low level and hence its retrieval effectiveness is limited. This paper investigates techniques to improving the effectiveness ...
T. S. Chua; W. C. Low; C. X. Chu
Capturing color in water is challenging due to the heavy non-uniform attenuation of light in water across the visible spectrum, which results in dramatic hue shifts toward blue. Yet observing color in water is important ...
Vasilescu, Iuliu
An empirical comparison of some approximate methods for graph coloring
The Graph Coloring Problem (GCP) is a classical NP-complete problem for which several approximate solution algorithms have been proposed: Brelaz algorithm, simulated annealing (SA), ant colony optimization (ACO). This paper reports empirical results ... Keywords: graph coloring, gravitational swarm
Israel Rebollo-Ruiz; Manuel Gra�a
Vegetable Oil for Color Only Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program
Lab Proficiency Testing service for Vegetable Oil for Color Only. Sample Includes soybean oil. Vegetable Oil for Color Only Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program Laboratory Proficiency Program (LPP) aocs applicants certified chemist chemists Lab laborat
Electron beam irradiation of gemstone for color enhancement
Numerous treatment of gemstones has been going on for hundreds of years for enhancing color and clarity of gems devoid of these attributes. Whereas previous practices included fraudulent or otherwise processes to achieve the color enhancement
Sarada Idris; Zulkafli Ghazali; Siti A'iasah Hashim; Shamshad Ahmad; Mohd Suhaimi Jusoh
A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete...
green and blue to prepare 24 cool colored prototype tiles and 24 cool colored prototypes shingles. The solar reflectances of the tiles ranged from 0.26 (dark brown; CIELAB...
A visual language for color-based painting retrieval
The availability of large image databases is emphasizing the relevance of filters, which permit one to focus on a small subset of data. Visual specification of such filters provides a natural way to express content-oriented queries. To support a high ... Keywords: art, color arrangement, color quality, color semantics, color-based painting retrieval, content-oriented queries, data subsets, expressiveness, filters, grammar, large image databases, symbolic representation, visual language, visual querying paradigm, visual specification
J. M. Corridoni; A. Del Bimbo; S. De Magistris; E. Vicario
Underwater Color Constancy : Enhancement of Automatic Live Fish Recognition
Underwater Color Constancy : Enhancement of Automatic Live Fish Recognition M. Chambah, D. Semani-mail: email@example.com ABSTRACT We present in this paper some advances in color restoration of underwater images, especially with regard to the strong and non uniform color cast which is typical of underwater
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Solar infrared colors provide powerful constraints on the stellar effective temperature scale, but they must be measured with both accuracy and precision in order to do so. We fulfill this requirement by using line-depth ratios to derive in a model-independent way the infrared colors of the Sun, and we use the latter to test the zero point of the Casagrande et al. effective temperature scale, confirming its accuracy. Solar colors in the widely used Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) JHK{sub s} and WISE W1-4 systems are provided: (V - J){sub Sun} = 1.198, (V - H){sub Sun} = 1.484, (V - K{sub s} ){sub Sun} = 1.560, (J - H){sub Sun} = 0.286, (J - K{sub s} ){sub Sun} = 0.362, (H - K{sub s} ){sub Sun} = 0.076, (V - W1){sub Sun} = 1.608, (V - W2){sub Sun} = 1.563, (V - W3){sub Sun} = 1.552, and (V - W4){sub Sun} = 1.604. A cross-check of the effective temperatures derived implementing 2MASS or WISE magnitudes in the infrared flux method confirms that the absolute calibration of the two systems agrees within the errors, possibly suggesting a 1% offset between the two, thus validating extant near- and mid-infrared absolute calibrations. While 2MASS magnitudes are usually well suited to derive T{sub eff}, we find that a number of bright, solar-like stars exhibit anomalous WISE colors. In most cases, this effect is spurious and can be attributed to lower-quality measurements, although for a couple of objects (3% {+-} 2% of the total sample) it might be real, and may hint at the presence of warm/hot debris disks.
Casagrande, L.; Asplund, M. [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australian National University, ACT 2611 (Australia); Ramirez, I. [McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C1400 Austin, TX 78712-0259 (United States); Melendez, J., E-mail: email@example.com [Departamento de Astronomia do IAG/USP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, 05508-900 SP (Brazil)
Probing Color Octet Electrons at the LHC
Models with quark and lepton compositeness predict the existence of colored partners of the Standard Model leptons. In this paper we study the LHC phenomenology of a charged colored lepton partner, namely the color octet electron, $e_8$ in an effective theory framework. We explore various mechanisms for resonant production of $e_8$'s. With the pair production channel the 14 TeV LHC can probe $e_8$'s with masses up to 2.5 TeV (2.8 TeV) with 100 fb$^{-1}$ (300 fb$^{-1}$) of integrated luminosity. A common feature in all the resonant production channels is the presence of two high $p_T$ electrons and at least one high $p_T$ jet in the final state. Using this feature, we implement a search method where the signal is a combination of pair and single production events. This method has potential to increase the LHC reach significantly. Using the combined signal we estimate the LHC discovery potential for the $e_8$'s. Our analysis shows that the LHC with 14 TeV center-of-mass energy and 100 fb$^{-1}$ (300 fb$^{-1}$) of integrated luminosity can probe $e_8$'s with masses up to 3.4 TeV (4 TeV) for the compositeness scale of 5 TeV.
Tanumoy Mandal; Subhadip Mitra
Color Diffusion and Conductivity in a Quark-Gluon Plasma
Color diffusion is shown to be an important dissipative property of quark-gluon plasmas that rapidly damps collective color modes. We derive the characteristic color relaxation time scale, $t_c\\approx (3\\alpha_s T \\log(m_E/m_M ))^{-1}$, showing its sensitivity to the ratio of the static color electric and magnetic screening masses. This leads to a surprisingly small color conductivity, $\\sigma_c\\approx 2 T/\\log(m_E/m_M)$, which in fact vanishes in the semi-classical (1-loop) limit.
Alexei V. Selikhov; Miklos Gyulassy
Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems
A fault leading to a thermal runaway in a lithium-ion battery is believed to grow over time from a latent defect. Significant efforts have been made to detect lithium-ion battery safety faults to proactively facilitate actions minimizing subsequent losses. Scaling up a battery greatly changes the thermal and electrical signals of a system developing a defect and its consequent behaviors during fault evolution. In a large-capacity system such as a battery for an electric vehicle, detecting a fault signal and confining the fault locally in the system are extremely challenging. This paper introduces a fail-safe design methodology for large-capacity lithium-ion battery systems. Analysis using an internal short circuit response model for multi-cell packs is presented that demonstrates the viability of the proposed concept for various design parameters and operating conditions. Locating a faulty cell in a multiple-cell module and determining the status of the fault's evolution can be achieved using signals easily measured from the electric terminals of the module. A methodology is introduced for electrical isolation of a faulty cell from the healthy cells in a system to prevent further electrical energy feed into the fault. Experimental demonstration is presented supporting the model results.
Kim, G. H.; Smith, K.; Ireland, J.; Pesaran, A.
Additional Studies of the Criticality Safety of Failed Used Nuclear Fuel
Commercial used nuclear fuel (UNF) in the United States is expected to remain in storage for periods potentially greater than 40 years. Extended storage (ES) time and irradiation to high-burnup values (>45 GWd/t) may increase the potential for fuel failure during normal and accident conditions involving storage and transportation. Fuel failure, depending on the severity, could result in changes to the geometric configuration of the fuel, which has safety and regulatory implications. The likelihood and extent of fuel reconfiguration and its impact on the safety of the UNF is not well understood. The objective of this work is to assess and quantify the impact of fuel reconfiguration due to fuel failure on criticality safety of UNF in storage and transportation casks. Criticality analyses are conducted considering representative UNF designs covering a range of enrichments and burnups in multiple cask systems. Prior work developed a set of failed fuel configuration categories and specific configurations were evaluated to understand trends and quantify the consequences of worst-case potential reconfiguration progressions. These results will be summarized here and indicate that the potential impacts on subcriticality can be rather significant for certain configurations (e.g., >20% keff). It can be concluded that the consequences of credible fuel failure configurations from ES or transportation following ES are manageable (e.g., <5% keff). The current work expands on these efforts and examines some modified scenarios and modified approaches to investigate the effectiveness of some techniques for reducing the calculated increase in keff. The areas included here are more realistic modeling of some assembly types and the effect of reconfiguration of some assemblies in the storage and transportation canister.
Marshall, William BJ J [ORNL; Wagner, John C [ORNL
Non-Markovianity of colored noisy channels
We address the non-Markovian character of noisy maps describing the interaction of a qubit with a random classical field. In particular, we evaluate trace- and capacity-based non-Markovianity measures for two relevant classes of environments showing non-Gaussian fluctuations, described respectively by random telegraph noise (RTN) and colored noise with spectra of the the form 1/f^\\alpha. We analyze the dynamics of both the trace distance and the quantum or entanglement assisted capacity, and show that the behaviour of non-Markovianity based on both measures is qualitatively similar. Our results show that environments with a spectrum that contains a relevant low-frequency contribution are generally non-Markovian. We also find that non-Markovianity of colored environments decreases when the number of fluctuators realizing the envinroment increases. Finally, we discuss how reliable transmission of information through a quantum channel subjected to random classical noise may be achieved by tailoring the channel length and properly engineering the structured environments.
C. Benedetti; M. G. A. Paris; S. Maniscalco
Color stable manganese-doped phosphors
A process for preparing color stable Mn.sup.+4 doped phosphors includes providing a phosphor of formula I; A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]:Mn.sup.+4 I and contacting the phosphor in particulate form with a saturated solution of a composition of formula II in aqueous hydrofluoric acid; A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]; II wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NR.sub.4 or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; R is H, lower alkyl, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MF.sub.y] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. In particular embodiments, M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, or a combination thereof. A lighting apparatus capable of emitting white light includes a semiconductor light source; and a phosphor composition radiationally coupled to the light source, and which includes a color stable Mn.sup.+4 doped phosphor.
Lyons, Robert Joseph (Burnt Hills, NY); Setlur, Anant Achyut (Niskayuna, NY); Deshpande, Anirudha Rajendra (Twinsburg, OH); Grigorov, Ljudmil Slavchev (Sofia, BG)
Color Printer Characterization Using a Computational Geometry Approach
We propose a method for the colorimetric characterization of a printer which can also be applied to any other type of digital image reproduction device. The method is based on a computational geometry approach. It uses a 3D triangulation technique to build a tetrahedral partition of the printer color gamut volume and it generates a surrounding structure enclosing the definition domain. The characterization provides the inverse transformation from the device-independent color space CIELAB to the device-dependent color space CMY, taking into account both colorimetric properties of the printer, and color gamut mapping.
Jon Yngve Hardeberg; Francis Schmitt
A bijection between planar constellations and some colored ... - CECM
having a given face color distribution and systems of functional equations for the ..... induces a random generation algorithm for the considered objects) ;.
Chiral Anomaly and Decay of Color Electric Field
Using the formula of chiral anomaly, we discuss the pair production of quarks under color electric field $\\vec{E}$ without addressing explicit formula of quark's wavefunctions. The production is assumed to occur under the effect of color magnetic field $\\vec{B}$ as well as the color electric field. We obtain the life time $t_c$ of the color electric field in the limit of $B\\gg E$. Applying it to the glasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, we find that $t_c\\simeq 10Q_s^{-1}$ with saturation momentum $Q_s$.
Aiichi Iwazaki
Numerous treatment of gemstones has been going on for hundreds of years for enhancing color and clarity of gems devoid of these attributes. Whereas previous practices included fraudulent or otherwise processes to achieve the color enhancement, the ionizing radiation has proven to be a reliable and reproducible technique. Three types of irradiation processes include exposure to gamma radiation, electron beam irradiation and the nuclear power plants. Electron Beam Irradiation of Gemstone is a technique in which a gemstone is exposed to highly ionizing radiation electron beam to knock off electrons to generate color centers culminating in introduction of deeper colors. The color centers may be stable or unstable. Below 9MeV, normally no radioactivity is introduced in the exposed gems. A study was conducted at Electron Beam Irradiation Centre (Alurtron) for gemstone color enhancement by using different kind of precious gemstones obtained from Pakistan. The study shows that EB irradiation not only enhances the color but can also improves the clarity of some type of gemstones. The treated stones included kunzite, tourmaline, topaz, quartz, aquamarine and cultured pearls. Doses ranging from 25 kGy to 200 KGy were employed to assess the influence of doses on color and clarity and to select the optimum doses. The samples used included both the natural and the faceted gemstones. It is concluded that significant revenue generation is associated with the enhancement of the color in clarity of gemstones which are available at very cheap price in the world market.
Idris, Sarada; Ghazali, Zulkafli; Hashim, Siti A'iasah; Ahmad, Shamshad; Jusoh, Mohd Suhaimi [Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Selangor (Malaysia); School of Chemicals and Material Engineering, NUST Islamabad (Pakistan); Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Selangor (Malaysia)
THE MAXIMUM k-COLORABLE SUBGRAPH PROBLEM AND ...
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the polyhedral con- .... The resulting graph with a maximum (black,white,crossed)-colorable ...... Due to the ad-.
Production of High Translucent Self-Colored Dental Zirconia Blocks
Borate Glass Nanofiber/Whiskers in a Hybrid Orthopedic Composite Implants for ... G6: Production of High Translucent Self-Colored Dental Zirconia Blocks.
Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in
Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water More Documents & Publications Application of Environmental Isotopes to the Evaluation of the Origin of Contamination in a Desert Arroyo: Many Devils Wash, Shiprock, New Mexico Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Chemistry in Evaluating the Origin of Contamination in Many Devils Wash, Shiprock, New Mexico Natural Contamination from the Mancos Shale
Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water Characterization and Isolation of Constituents Causing Red Coloration in Desert Arroyo Seepage Water More Documents & Publications Natural Contamination from the Mancos Shale Application of Environmental Isotopes to the Evaluation of the Origin of Contamination in a Desert Arroyo: Many Devils Wash, Shiprock, New Mexico Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Chemistry in Evaluating the Origin of Contamination in Many Devils Wash, Shiprock, New Mexico
People of Color and Disenfranchised Communities Environmental Health
People of Color and Disenfranchised Communities Environmental People of Color and Disenfranchised Communities Environmental Health Network (the Coalition) People of Color and Disenfranchised Communities Environmental Health Network (the Coalition) Since 1997, federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Energy, have been working with the Coalition to respond to the recommendations in their Implementation Plan. The recommendations and plan describe activities that are aimed at building more positive relationships with agency officials and building the means for community empowerment to seek effective redress of the problems, which continue to plague such communities. People of Color and Disenfranchised Communities Environmental Health Network (May 2000) More Documents & Publications Environmental Justice Brochure
Maximum Availability Architecture Oracle Best Practices For High AvailabilityOracle White Paper�Configuring Oracle Management Agent to Manage Oracle Fail Safe
Setting up Oracle Management Agent and Oracle Fail Safe.............. 3 Step 1: Install a Management Agent on each cluster node............ 3
Executive Overview; Introduction Oracle; Fail Safe
Modeling and Rendering of the Anisotropic Reflection on Ukiyo-e Xin Yin, Kangying Cai, Ryohei Yoshikawa, Yuki Takeda, Ryo Akama, Hiromi T.Tanaka
. And the particle of the mica and the gold are used as the pigment also. As these reasons, the reflectionModeling and Rendering of the Anisotropic Reflection on Ukiyo-e Xin Yin, Kangying Cai, Ryohei. This phenomenon is the anisotropic reflection of the Ukiyo-e. The subject of this research is representing
Thawonmas, Ruck
LED lamp color control system and method
An LED lamp color control system and method including an LED lamp having an LED controller 58; and a plurality of LED channels 60 operably connected to the LED controller 58, each of the plurality of LED channels 60 having a channel switch 62 in series with at least one shunted LED circuit 83, the shunted LED circuit 83 having a shunt switch 68 in parallel with an LED source 80. The LED controller 58 determines whether the LED source 80 is in a feedback controllable range, stores measured optical flux for the LED source 80 when the LED source 80 is in the feedback controllable range, and bypasses storing the measured optical flux when the LED source 80 is not in the feedback controllable range.
Gaines, James; Clauberg, Bernd; Van Erp, Josephus A.M.
Scannerless loss modulated flash color range imaging
Scannerless loss modulated flash color range imaging methods and apparatus are disclosed for producing three dimensional (3D) images of a target within a scene. Apparatus and methods according to the present invention comprise a light source providing at least three wavelengths (passbands) of illumination that are each loss modulated, phase delayed and simultaneously directed to illuminate the target. Phase delayed light backscattered from the target is spectrally filtered, demodulated and imaged by a planar detector array. Images of the intensity distributions for the selected wavelengths are obtained under modulated and unmodulated (dc) illumination of the target, and the information contained in the images combined to produce a 3D image of the target.
Sandusky, John V. (Albuquerque, NM); Pitts, Todd Alan (Rio Rancho, NM)
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Preservation of Failed Parts to Facilitate Failure Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant Componen ts
Equipment failure analysis and damage mode determination are cornerstones for improving equipment reliability. Methods and techniques for performing failure analysis are becoming more sophisticated and are used to prevent recurring equipment failures. Maintenance and engineering personnel usually perform at least initial troubleshooting and disassembly of failed components. Preservation and documentation of as-found part conditions, configuration, and environment as well as the handling and proper storag...
Failed Fuel Analysis on Fuel Rods from Exelon BWRs: Volume 2: Hot Cell Investigation Of LaSalle Fuel Rods
A number of fuel failures were experienced in ATRIUM-9B fuel manufactured by Framatome ANP (FANP) and operated at Exelon plants between late 2000 and 2003. The failures tended to correlate with power changes (control blade movement), but a large number of poolside inspections, documented in Volume 1 of this investigation (Failed Fuel Analyses on Fuel Rods from Exelon BWRs, Volume 1: Poolside Inspection, EPRI report 1009494), were unable to determine the precise cause of failure. This Volume 2 report desc...
Color-Accurate Underwater Imaging using Perceptual Adaptive Illumination
Color-Accurate Underwater Imaging using Perceptual Adaptive Illumination Iuliu Vasilescu, Carrick, and ecosystem health and activity monitoring. Underwater robots are equipped with motor control for large scale transects but they lack sensors that enable capturing color-accurate underwater images. We present a method
Farritor, Shane
An adaptive color marker for Spatial Augmented Reality environments and visual feedback
This demonstration presents an adaptive visual marker optimised to improve tracking performance in Spatial Augmented Reality environments. The adaptive marker uses a color light sensor to capture the projected light color from a SAR system. The color ... Keywords: fixed color passive marker, spatial augmented reality, visual feedback, adaptive visual marker, color light sensor, projected light color, optimal tracking, light emitting diode, visible light spectrum, user interface
R T. Smith; M R. Marner; B H. Thomas
VELOCITY EVOLUTION AND THE INTRINSIC COLOR OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
To understand how best to use observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to obtain precise and accurate distances, we investigate the relations between spectra of SNe Ia and their intrinsic colors. Using a sample of 1630 optical spectra of 255 SNe, based primarily on data from the CfA Supernova Program, we examine how the velocity evolution and line strengths of Si II {lambda}6355 and Ca II H and K are related to the B - V color at peak brightness. We find that the maximum-light velocity of Si II {lambda}6355 and Ca II H and K and the maximum-light pseudo-equivalent width of Si II {lambda}6355 are correlated with intrinsic color, with intrinsic color having a linear relation with the Si II {lambda}6355 measurements. Ca II H and K does not have a linear relation with intrinsic color, but lower-velocity SNe tend to be intrinsically bluer. Combining the spectroscopic measurements does not improve intrinsic color inference. The intrinsic color scatter is larger for higher-velocity SNe Ia-even after removing a linear trend with velocity-indicating that lower-velocity SNe Ia are more 'standard crayons'. Employing information derived from SN Ia spectra has the potential to improve the measurements of extragalactic distances and the cosmological properties inferred from them.
Foley, Ryan J.; Sanders, Nathan E.; Kirshner, Robert P., E-mail: email@example.com [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
OpenGL Functionality Visualization Tool Functionality 1. 3D shape/adding color 1. Atom/element representations
. Parameter mapping onto 5. CG vertex shader surfaces Sofware Tools Rendering for Materials Science 1. AVS 1
Single-fiber multi-color pyrometry
This invention is a fiber-based multi-color pyrometry set-up for real-time non-contact temperature and emissivity measurement. The system includes a single optical fiber to collect radiation emitted by a target, a reflective rotating chopper to split the collected radiation into two or more paths while modulating the radiation for lock-in amplification (i.e., phase-sensitive detection), at least two detectors possibly of different spectral bandwidths with or without filters to limit the wavelength regions detected and optics to direct and focus the radiation onto the sensitive areas of the detectors. A computer algorithm is used to calculate the true temperature and emissivity of a target based on blackbody calibrations. The system components are enclosed in a light-tight housing, with provision for the fiber to extend outside to collect the radiation. Radiation emitted by the target is transmitted through the fiber to the reflective chopper, which either allows the radiation to pass straight through or reflects the radiation into one or more separate paths. Each path includes a detector with or without filters and corresponding optics to direct and focus the radiation onto the active area of the detector. The signals are recovered using lock-in amplification. Calibration formulas for the signals obtained using a blackbody of known temperature are used to compute the true temperature and emissivity of the target. The temperature range of the pyrometer system is determined by the spectral characteristics of the optical components.
Small, IV, Ward (Livermore, CA); Celliers, Peter (Berkeley, CA)
Small, W. IV; Celliers, P.
Thermal evolution of rotating strange stars in color superconductivity phase
Under the combination effect of the recommencement heating due to spin-down of strange stars and the heat perseveration due to weak conduct heat of the crust, the Cooper pair breaking and formation(PBF) in color superconduction quark matter arises. We investigated the cooling of the strange stars with a crust in color superconductivity phase including both decomfinement heating and PBF process. We find that deconfinement heating can delay the thermal evolution of strange stars and the PBF process suppresses the early temperature rise of the stars. The cooling strange stars behave within the brightness constraint of young compact objects when the color superconductivity gap is small enough.
X. P. Zheng; X. Zhou; Y. W. Yu
ColorPower: A Structured Approach to Demand Response
ColorPower: A Structured Approach to Demand Response Speaker(s): Steven Florek Date: August 31, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Janie Page...
Some Considerations in Using Color in Meteorological Displays
This article is intended to facilitate discussion of issues related to the use of color in new meteorological displays. Given the proliferation of new graphics display capabilities (e.g., overlays, animation, the combination of statistical models ...
Robert R. Hoffman; Mark Detweiler; Jane A. Conway; Kevin Lipton
Computer rotoscoping with the aid of color recognition
Rotoscoping is explored as a computer animation technique. The optical videodisc serves as the image storage and input source. Image processing and tablet painting routines are applied to digitized frames. "Color recognition", ...
Allen, Rebecca A
Cool colors for Summer: Characterizing the Radiative Properties...
Cool colors for Summer: Characterizing the Radiative Properties of Pigments for Cool Roofs Speaker(s): Ronnen Levinson Date: April 22, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 In recent...
A Color Camera for In Situ Photography of Cloud Particles
A technique is described for photographing airborne particles using small forward-scattering angles. The sample volume is defined as the region where collimated light beams of two different primary colors overlap. Images of particles within that ...
Theodore W. Cannon
Neuronal Synchronization and Selective Color Processing in the Human Brain
In the present study, subjects selectively attended to the color of checkerboards in a feature-based attention paradigm. Induced gamma band responses (GBRs), the induced alpha band, and the event-related potential (ERP) were analyzed to uncover neuronal ...
Matthias M. M�ller; Andreas Keil
Cool Colored Roofs to Save Energy and Improve Air Quality
Konopacki. 1998b. "Measured Energy Savings of Light- coloredPeak Power and Cooling Energy Savings of High-Albedo Roofs,�Peak Power and Cooling Energy Savings of High-albedo Roofs,"
Akbari, Hashem; Levinson, Ronnen; Miller, William; Berdahl, Paul
Interpreting Meteorological Satellite Images Using a Color-Composite Technique
An image-display technique is described that simultaneously combines three meteorological satellite images into a color-image product. The technique reveals many features of meteorological interest. It is frequently noted that interpretations of ...
Robert P. d'Entremont; Larry W. Thomason
How ocean color can steer Pacific tropical cyclones
Because ocean color alters the absorption of sunlight, it can produce changes in sea surface temperatures with further impacts on atmospheric circulation. These changes can project onto fields previously recognized to alter ...
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Property:Number of Color Cameras | Open Energy Information
Color Cameras Color Cameras Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Number of Color Cameras Property Type Number Pages using the property "Number of Color Cameras" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) A Alden Large Flume + 2 + Alden Small Flume + 2 + Alden Tow Tank + 2 + Alden Wave Basin + 2 + C Chase Tow Tank + 1 + Conte Large Flume + 5 + Conte Small Flume + 5 + D Davidson Laboratory Tow Tank + 2 + DeFrees Flume 1 + 5 + DeFrees Flume 2 + 5 + DeFrees Flume 3 + 5 + DeFrees Flume 4 + 5 + DeFrees Large Wave Basin + 5 + DeFrees Small Wave Basin + 5 + F Flood Fighting Research Facility + 1 + H Haynes Tow Tank + 6 + Haynes Wave Basin + 6 + Hinsdale Wave Basin 1 + 20 + Hinsdale Wave Basin 2 + 20 + M MIT Tow Tank + 1 + MMA Tugboat/ Barge/ Vessel + 1 +
Efficient Sparse Matrix-Matrix Products Using Colorings | Argonne National
Efficient Sparse Matrix-Matrix Products Using Colorings Efficient Sparse Matrix-Matrix Products Using Colorings Title Efficient Sparse Matrix-Matrix Products Using Colorings Publication Type Journal Year of Publication 2013 Authors McCourt, M, Smith, BF, Zhang, H Other Numbers ANL/MCS-P5007-0813 Abstract Sparse matrix-matrix products appear in multigrid solvers and computational methods for graph theory. Some formulations of these products require the inner product of two sparse vectors, which have inefficient use of cache memory. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for computing sparse matrix-matrix products by exploiting matrix nonzero structure through the process of graph coloring. We prove the validity of this technique in general and demonstrate its viability for multigrid methods used to solve three-dimensional boundary value problems.
Two-dimensional color-code quantum computation
We describe in detail how to perform universal fault-tolerant quantum computation on a two-dimensional color code, making use of only nearest neighbor interactions. Three defects (holes) in the code are used to represent logical qubits. Triple-defect logical qubits are deformed into isolated triangular sections of color code to enable transversal implementation of all single logical qubit Clifford group gates. Controlled-NOT (CNOT) is implemented between pairs of triple-defect logical qubits via braiding.
Fowler, Austin G. [Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia)
Nuclear chromodynamics is not the colorization of nuclear physics
The successful description of nuclei in terms of nucleons, deltas and mesons provides an enormous challenge to QCD. It compels us to pursue our theoretical understanding of chromodynamics into the realm of multiple color singlets in order to examine the concept of color saturation. To pursue this theme, we examine the idea of nuclear transparency in the light of models for confinement and describe the formulation of lattice simulations sensitive to exchange forces. 22 refs., 7 figs.
Sivers, D.
Color Maintenance of LEDs in Laboratory and Field Applications
Synopsis: To date, consideration for parametric failure of LED products has largely been focused on lumen maintenance. However, color shift is a cause of early failure for some products, and is especially important to consider in certain applications, like museums, where visual appearance is critical. Example data collected by the GATEWAY program for LED lamps installed in museums shows that many have changed color beyond a reasonable tolerance well before their rated lifetime was reached, necessitating replacement. Similar data collected by the CALiPER program between 2008 and 2010 reveals that many early products shifted beyond acceptable tolerances in as little as a few thousand hours. In contrast, data from the L Prize program illustrates that commercially available LED products can have exemplary color stability that is unmatched by traditional light sources. Beyond presenting data from the aforementioned DOE programs, this report discusses the metrics used for communicating color shift�namely MacAdam ellipses and ?u'v'�as well as providing guidance for end users on how to monitor color shift and what to look for in manufacturer warranties. Also included are descriptions of the physical changes that have been documented as leading to color shift in some example types of LED packages. As with complete products, the data presented herein for LED packages shows that a wide variety of products are available; in order for specifiers and consumers to make educated choices, more detailed and standardized information should be made available.
Royer, Michael P.; Tuttle, Ralph; Rosenfeld, Scott M.; Miller, Naomi J.
What is the Space of Spectral Sensitivity Functions for Digital Color Cameras? Sabine Susstrunk
such as a fluorescent checker [6], a LED-based emissive chart [1], or multiple instead of a single picture of a color- pared to fluorescent or LED-based color targets, reflective color targets are still much more stable-band LED illumination or fluorescent color targets. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to solve
Gu, Jinwei
I explore the origins of the unphysical predictions from rooted staggered fermion algorithms. Before rooting, the exact chiral symmetry of staggered fermions is a flavored symmetry among the four 'tastes.' The rooting procedure averages over tastes of different chiralities. This averaging forbids the appearance of the correct 't Hooft vertex for the target theory.
OPEC the failing giant
This book discusses about OPEC and the world oil situation. The author contends that OPEC's failure to develop pricing formulas sensitive to fluctuations in the international oil market has made them highly vulnerable.
Ahrari, M.E.
Crayola's True Color Shines Through: Green | Department of Energy
Crayola's True Color Shines Through: Green Crayola's True Color Shines Through: Green Crayola's True Color Shines Through: Green August 13, 2010 - 10:00am Addthis The Crayola solar farm became fully operational this week. Ten children from around the country, known as the "Crayola Green Team," helped dedicate the newest addition to the Easton, Pa.-plant. Photos courtesy of Crayola. | Photo Courtesy of Crayola The Crayola solar farm became fully operational this week. Ten children from around the country, known as the "Crayola Green Team," helped dedicate the newest addition to the Easton, Pa.-plant. Photos courtesy of Crayola. | Photo Courtesy of Crayola Stephen Graff Former Writer & editor for Energy Empowers, EERE What does this project do? The solar panels produce enough energy to produce 1 billion crayons
THE UBV(RI){sub C} COLORS OF THE SUN
Photometric data in the UBV(RI){sub C} system have been acquired for 80 solar analog stars for which we have previously derived highly precise atmospheric parameters T{sub eff}, log g, and [Fe/H] using high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra. UBV and (RI){sub C} data for 46 and 76 of these stars, respectively, are published for the first time. Combining our data with those from the literature, colors in the UBV(RI){sub C} system, with {approx_equal} 0.01 mag precision, are now available for 112 solar analogs. Multiple linear regression is used to derive the solar colors from these photometric data and the spectroscopically derived T{sub eff}, log g, and [Fe/H] values. To minimize the impact of systematic errors in the model-dependent atmospheric parameters, we use only the data for the 10 stars that most closely resemble our Sun, i.e., the solar twins, and derive the following solar colors: (B - V){sub Sun} = 0.653 {+-} 0.005, (U - B){sub Sun} = 0.166 {+-} 0.022, (V - R){sub Sun} = 0.352 {+-} 0.007, and (V - I){sub Sun} = 0.702 {+-} 0.010. These colors are consistent, within the 1{sigma} errors, with those derived using the entire sample of 112 solar analogs. We also derive the solar colors using the relation between spectral-line-depth ratios and observed stellar colors, i.e., with a completely model-independent approach, and without restricting the analysis to solar twins. We find (B - V){sub Sun} = 0.653 {+-} 0.003, (U - B){sub Sun} = 0.158 {+-} 0.009, (V - R){sub Sun} = 0.356 {+-} 0.003, and (V - I){sub Sun} = 0.701 {+-} 0.003, in excellent agreement with the model-dependent analysis.
Ramirez, I. [McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C1400 Austin, TX 78712-0259 (United States); Michel, R.; Schuster, W. J. [Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 877, Ensenada, B.C., CP 22800 (Mexico); Sefako, R.; Van Wyk, F. [South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town (South Africa); Tucci Maia, M. [UNIFEI, DFQ-Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Itajuba, Itajuba MG (Brazil); Melendez, J. [Departamento de Astronomia do IAG/USP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, 05508-900 SP (Brazil); Casagrande, L. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, Postfach 1317, D-85741 Garching (Germany); Castilho, B. V. [Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica/MCT, Rua Estados Unidos 154, 37504-364 Itajuba, MG (Brazil)
Rational choices for the wavelengths of a two color interferometer
If in a two color interferometer for plasma density measurements, the two wavelengths are chosen to have a ratio that is a rational number, and if the signals from each of the wavelengths are multiplied in frequency by the appropriate integer of the rational number and then heterodyned together, the resultant signal will have all effects of component motion nulled out. A phase measurement of this signal will have only plasma density information in it. With CO{sub 2} lasers, it is possible to find suitable wavelength pairs which are close enough to rational numbers to produce an improvement of about 100 in density resolution, compared to standard two color interferometers.
Jobes, F.C.
Color superconductivity in ultra-dense quark matter
At ultra-high density, matter is expected to form a degenerate Fermi gas of quarks in which there is a condensate of Cooper pairs of quarks near the Fermi surface. This phenomenon is called color superconductivity. In these proceedings I review the underlying physics of color superconductivity and our current understanding of the possible phases of real-world quark matter. Then I consider how lattice gauge theorists would proceed to investigate the phase structure of dense quark matter if it were possible to perform the path integral numerically, i.e. if the sign problem had been solved.
Mark G. Alford
The Color Flux Tube as an Effective String
We investigate the low-energy regime of the confining string connecting color sources in Yang-Mills theory. First, we present results of the Monte Carlo measurement of the width of the flux tube between two static quarks in the fundamental representation both at zero and at finite temperature. Then we consider the confining flux tube connecting color sources in larger representations of the gauge group. For stable string - the k-strings - we study the Luscher term; for unstable strings we investigate their decay as the distance between the static sources is increased.
Pepe, Michele [INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Edificio U2, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano (Italy)
Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in Quark Matter - Color magnetic superconductivity -
A coexistent phase of spin polarization and color superconductivity in high-density QCD is studied at zero temperature. The axial-vector self-energy stemming from the Fock exchange term of the one-gluon-exchange interaction has a central role to cause spin polarization. As a significant feature, the Fermi surface is deformed by the axial-vector self-energy and then rotation symmetry is spontaneously broken down. The gap function results in being anisotropic in the momentum space in accordance with the deformation. It is found that spin polarization barely conflicts with color superconductivity, and almost coexists with it.
Analysis of failed and nickel-coated 3093 beam clamp components at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP).
The U.S. Department of Energy and its contractor, Bechtel Jacobs Company (BJC), are undertaking a major effort to clean up the former gaseous diffusion facility (K-25) located in Oak Ridge, TN. The decontamination and decommissioning activities require systematic removal of contaminated equipment and machinery followed by demolition of the buildings. As part of the cleanup activities, a beam clamp, used for horizontal life lines (HLLs) for fall protection, was discovered to be fractured during routine inspection. The beam clamp (yoke and D-ring) was a component in the HLL system purchased from Reliance Industries LLC. Specifically, the U-shaped stainless steel yoke of the beam clamp failed in a brittle mode at under less than 10% of the rated design capacity of 14,500 lb. The beam clamp had been in service for approximately 16 months. Bechtel Jacobs approached Argonne National Laboratory to assist in identifying the root cause of the failure of the beam clamp. The objectives of this study were to (1) review the prior reports and documents on the subject, (2) understand the possible failure mechanism(s) that resulted in the failed beam clamp components, (3) recommend approaches to mitigate the failure mechanism(s), and (4) evaluate the modified beam clamp assemblies. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and chemical analysis of the corrosion products on the failed yoke and white residue on an in-service yoke indicated the presence of zinc, sulfur, and calcium. Analysis of rainwater in the complex, as conducted by BJC, indicated the presence of sulfur and calcium. It was concluded that, as a result of galvanic corrosion, zinc from the galvanized components of the beam clamp assembly (D-ring) migrated to the corroded region in the presence of the rainwater. Under mechanical stress, the corrosion process would have accelerated, resulting in the catastrophic failure of the yoke. As suggested by Bechtel Jacobs personnel, hydrogen embrittlement as a consequence of corrosion was also explored as a failure mechanism. Corroded and failed yoke samples had hydrogen concentrations of 20-60 ppm. However, the hydrogen content reduced to 4-11 ppm (similar to baseline as-received yoke samples) when the corrosion products were polished off. The hydrogen content in the scraped off corrosion product powders was >7000 ppm. These results indicate that hydrogen is primarily present in the corrosion products and not in the underlying steel. Rockwell hardness values on the corroded yoke and D-rings were R{sub c} {approx} 41-46. It was recommended to the beam clamp manufacturer that the beam clamp components be annealed to reduce the hardness values so that they are less susceptible to brittle failure. Upon annealing, hardness values of the beam clamp components reduced to R{sub c} {approx} 25. Several strategies were recommended and put in place to mitigate failure of the beam clamp components: (a) maintain hardness levels of both yokes and D-rings at R{sub c} < 35, (b) coat the yoke and D-rings with a dual coating of nickel (with 10% phosphorus) to delay corrosion and aluminum to prevent galvanic corrosion since it is more anodic to zinc, and (c) optimize coating thicknesses for nickel and aluminum while maintaining the physical integrity of the coatings. Evaluation of the Al- and Ni-coated yoke and D-ring specimens indicated they appear to have met the recommendations. Average hardness values of the dual-coated yokes were R{sub c} {approx} 25-35. Hardness values of dual-coated D-ring were R{sub c} {approx} 32. Measured average coating thicknesses for the aluminum and nickel coatings for yoke samples were 22 {micro}m (0.9 mils) and 80 {micro}m (3 mils), respectively. The D-rings also showed similar coating thicknesses. Microscopic examination showed that the aluminum coating was well bonded to the underlying nickel coating. Some observed damage was believed to be an artifact of the cutting-and-polishing steps during sample preparation for microscopy.
Singh, D.; Pappacena, K.; Gaviria, J.; Burtsteva, T.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Licensing topical report: the measurement and modelling of time-dependent fission product release from failed HTGR fuel particles under accident conditions
The release of fission products from failed fuel particles was measured under simulated accident (core heatup) conditions. A generic model and specific model parameters that describe delayed fission product release from the kernels of failed HTGR fuel particles were developed from the experimental results. The release of fission products was measured from laser-failed BISO ThO/sub 2/ and highly enriched (HEU) TRISO UC/sub 2/ particles that had been irradiated to a range of kernel burnups. The burnups were 0.25, 1.4, and 15.7% FIMA for ThO/sub 2/ particles and 23.5 and 74% FIMA for UC/sub 2/ particles. The fission products measured were nuclides of xenon, iodine, krypton, tellurium, and cesium.
Myers, B.F.; Morrissey, R.E.
Parallel file system measurement and modeling using colored petri nets
Parallel file systems are significant challenges for high performance data-intensive system designers due to their complexity. Being able to study features and designs before building the actual system is an advantage that a simulation model can offer. ... Keywords: colored petri net, parallel file system modeling, parallel file system simulation, pvfs
Hai Quang Nguyen; Amy Apon
Real-Time Face Detection in Color Video
In this paper, we propose a novel and fast facedetection algorithm for detecting face in color videosequences. This algorithm can be integrated into a real-timesurveillance or a video retrieval or indexing system.We focus on both speed and accuracy in ...
Szu-Hao Huang; Shang-Hong Lai
A simple proof of orientability in colored group field theory
In this short note we use results from the theory of crystallizations to prove that color in group field theories garantees orientability of the piecewise linear pseudo-manifolds associated to each graph generated perturbatively. The origin of orientability is the presence of two interaction vertices.
Francesco Caravelli
Electron Electric Dipole Moment induced by Octet-Colored Scalars
An appended sector of two octet-colored scalars, each an electroweak doublet, is an interesting extension of the simple two Higgs doublet model motivated by the minimal flavor violation. Their rich CP violating interaction gives rise to a sizable electron electric dipole moment, besides the quark electric dipole moment via the two-loop contribution of Barr-Zee mechanism.
Jae Ho Heo; Wai-Yee Keung
Edge-preserving color image denoising through tensor voting
This paper presents a new method for edge-preserving color image denoising based on the tensor voting framework, a robust perceptual grouping technique used to extract salient information from noisy data. The tensor voting framework is adapted to encode ... Keywords: CIEDE2000, CIELAB, Edge preservation, Image denoising, Perceptual grouping, Tensor voting
Rodrigo Moreno; Miguel Angel Garcia; Domenec Puig; Carme Juli�
Nuclear DVCS within the high energy QCD color dipole formalism
In this contribution, we present a study of the coherent and incoherent nuclear DVCS process in the small-$x$ regime within the color dipole formalism. Predictions for the nuclear DVCS cross section at photon level in the collider kinematics are presented.
M. V. T. Machado
Machado, M V T
A robust color object analysis approach to efficient image retrieval
We describe a novel indexing and retrieval methodology integrating color, texture, and shape information for content-based image retrieval in image databases. This methodology, we call CLEAR, applies unsupervised image segmentation to partition an image ... Keywords: clustering, content-based image retrieval, efficiency, fuzzy logic, object analysis, region-based features
Ruofei Zhang; Zhongfei Zhang
We propose a chemical and dynamical process to explain the surface colors of the Kuiper belt. In our hypothesis, the initial bulk compositions of the bodies themselves can be quite diverse-as is seen in comets-but the early surface compositions are set by volatile evaporation after the objects are formed. Strong gradients in surface composition, coupled with UV and particle irradiation, lead to the surface colors that are seen today. The objects formed in the inner part of the primordial belt retain only H{sub 2}O and CO{sub 2} as the major ice species on their surfaces. Irradiation of these species plausibly results in the dark neutrally colored centaurs and Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). Object formed further in the disk retain CH{sub 3}OH, which has been shown to lead to brighter redder surfaces after irradiation, as seen in the brighter redder centaurs and KBOs. Objects formed at the current location of the cold classical Kuiper belt uniquely retain NH{sub 3}, which has been shown to affect irradiation chemistry and could plausibly lead to the unique colors of these objects. We propose observational and experimental tests of this hypothesis.
Brown, M. E.; Fraser, W. C. [Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Schaller, E. L., E-mail: email@example.com [NASA Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility, Palmdale, CA 93550 (United States)
Image reconstruction for two-color microgrid polarimetric imagers
A Fourier domain method for reconstructing passive Stokes imagery from a two-color microgrid polarization imager is presented in this paper. This new filter-based technique is designed to avoid aliased spectrum content caused by sampling in a checkerboard ...
Daniel A. LeMaster
Enriching music with synchronized lyrics, images and colored lights
We present a method to synchronize popular music with its lyrics at the stanza level. First we apply an algorithm to segment audio content into harmonically similar and/or contrasting progressions, i.e. the stanzas. We map the stanzas found to a sequence ... Keywords: ambience creation, color extraction, images, lyrics synchronization, multimedia, search engines, term identification, world wide web
Gijs Geleijnse; Dragan Sekulovski; Jan Korst; Steffen Pauws; Bram Kater; Fabio Vignoli
Parallel detection of violations of color constancy David H. Foster*
21). A charac- teristic property of preattentive vision is that search or detection performance is independent. 36 and Discussion). Visual search for targets defined by color is similar when targets and fields., Scho¨nle, P. & Sharpe, L. T. (1999) J. Neurosci. 19, 30943106. 51. De Valois, R. L. & De Valois, K. K
Foster, David H.
Color measurements and albedo distributions introduce non-intuitive observational biases in size-color relationships among Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) that cannot be disentangled without a well characterized sample population with systematic photometry. Peixinho et al. report that the form of the KBO color distribution varies with absolute magnitude, H. However, Tegler et al. find that KBO color distributions are a property of object classification. We construct synthetic models of observed KBO colors based on two B-R color distribution scenarios: color distribution dependent on H magnitude (H-Model) and color distribution based on object classification (Class-Model). These synthetic B-R color distributions were modified to account for observational flux biases. We compare our synthetic B-R distributions to the observed ''Hot'' and ''Cold'' detected objects from the Canada-France Ecliptic Plane Survey and the Meudon Multicolor Survey. For both surveys, the Hot population color distribution rejects the H-Model, but is well described by the Class-Model. The Cold objects reject the H-Model, but the Class-Model (while not statistically rejected) also does not provide a compelling match for data. Although we formally reject models where the structure of the color distribution is a strong function of H magnitude, we also do not find that a simple dependence of color distribution on orbit classification is sufficient to describe the color distribution of classical KBOs.
Pike, R. E.; Kavelaars, J. J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6 (Canada)
An eye for vulgarity : how MoMA saw color through Wild Bill's lens
This thesis is an examination of the 1976 Museum of Modern Art exhibition of color photographs by William Eggleston-the second one-man show of color photography in the museum's history- with particular attention to the ...
Kivlan, Anna Karrer
AERONET-OC: A Network for the Validation of Ocean Color Primary Products
The ocean color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) has been implemented to support long-term satellite ocean color investigations through cross-site consistent and accurate measurements collected by autonomous radiometer ...
Giuseppe Zibordi; Fr�d�ric M�lin; Jean-Fran�ois Berthon; Brent Holben; Ilya Slutsker; David Giles; Davide D�Alimonte; Doug Vandemark; Hui Feng; Gregory Schuster; Bryan E. Fabbri; Seppo Kaitala; Jukka Sepp�l�
An Example Crossover Experiment for Testing New Vicarious Calibration Techniques for Satellite Ocean Color Radiometry
Vicarious calibration of ocean color satellites involves the use of accurate surface measurements of water-leaving radiance to update and improve the system calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. An experiment was performed to compare a ...
Kenneth J. Voss; Scott McLean; Marlon Lewis; Carol Johnson; Stephanie Flora; Michael Feinholz; Mark Yarbrough; Charles Trees; Mike Twardowski; Dennis Clark
Color and perceptual variation revisited: Unknown facts, alien modalities, and perfect psychosemantics
29�39. Jakab, Z. , and B. McLaughlin (2003) �Why Not ColorUniversity Press, Oxford. McLaughlin, B. (2003a) �Color,Press, New York, 97�154. McLaughlin, B. (2003b) �The Place
Cohe, J
Development and application of ocean color algorithms for estimating particulate organic carbon in the Southern Ocean from satellite observations
and C. R. McClain (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithmsand C. R. McClain (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithmsand M. Culver (2000), Ocean color chlorophyll a algorithms
Allison, David Benjamin
A weighted dominant color descriptor for content-based image retrieval
Color has been extensively used in the process of image retrieval. The dominant color descriptor (DCD) that was proposed by MPEG-7 is a famous case in point. It is based on compactly describing the prominent colors of an image or a region. However, this ... Keywords: Background dominance problem, Dominant color descriptor, Linear Block Algorithm, MPEG-7, Object- and content-based image retrieval, Salient object detection, Semantic feature, Similarity measures
Ahmed Talib; Massudi Mahmuddin; Husniza Husni; Loay E. George
Fossilized Biophotonic Nanostructures Reveal the Original Colors of 47-Million-Year-Old Moths
lepidopterans; specimens are from the 47-million-year-old Messel oil shale (Germany). The preserved colors
Cao, Hui
A Brief Introduction to the Color Glass Condensate and the Glasma
I provide a brief introduction to the theoretical ideas and phenomenological motivation for the Color Glass Condensate and the Glasma
Larry McLerran
Unsharp Masking-Based Approach for Color Image Faouzi Alaya Cheikh, Lazhar Khriji and Moncef Gabbouj
the vector rational #12;lters (VRF) for color image interpola- tion was introduced in [3]. Rational #12;lters
Gabbouj, Moncef
CLex: a lexicon for exploring color, concept and emotion associations in language
Existing concept-color-emotion lexicons limit themselves to small sets of basic emotions and colors, which cannot capture the rich pallet of color terms that humans use in communication. In this paper we begin to address this problem by building a novel, ...
Svitlana Volkova; William B. Dolan; Theresa Wilson
Two- and three-color two-quark states in warm, dense quark matter
We study the Gaussian fluctuations of the two-flavor, meson-diquark bosonized NJL model for two and three colors at the color superconducting phase transition. The analysis is based on analytical properties of the polarization matrix. Pionic fluctuations are shown to be stabilised in the 2SC phase compared to the two-color result where they are right on threshold.
Zablocki, D. S., E-mail: email@example.com; Blaschke, D. [University of Wroclaw, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Poland); Buballa, M. [Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Institut fuer Kernphysik (Germany)
Cool colors for Summer: Characterizing the Radiative Properties of Pigments
Cool colors for Summer: Characterizing the Radiative Properties of Pigments Cool colors for Summer: Characterizing the Radiative Properties of Pigments for Cool Roofs Speaker(s): Ronnen Levinson Date: April 22, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 In recent years roofing manufacturers have incorporated near-infrared (NIR) reflecting pigments in coatings applied to a variety of nonwhite roofing products, such as metal panels and clay tiles. We have developed and validated a model for computation of solar spectral absorption (K) and backscattering (S) coefficients, and used it to characterize a wide variety of pigments that may be used in architectural coatings.Measured values of backscattering coefficients for generic titanium dioxide (rutile) white pigment are in rough agreement with values computed from Mie theory. Pigments in widespread use are examined, with particular emphasis on those
Monolithic multi-color light emission/detection device
A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, multi-color optical transceiver device is described, including (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a first junction on the upper surface of the InP substrate, (c) a second junction on the first junction. The first junction is preferably GaInAsP of defined composition, and the second junction is preferably InP. The two junctions are lattice matched. The second junction has a larger energy band gap than the first junction. Additional junctions having successively larger energy band gaps may be included. The device is capable of simultaneous and distinct multi-color emission and detection over a single optical fiber.
Wanlass, Mark W. (Golden, CO)
Color Superconductivity in Compact Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts
We study the effects of color superconductivity on the structure and formation of compact stars. We show that it is possible to satisfy most of recent observational boundaries on masses and radii if a diquark condensate forms in a hybrid or a quark star. Moreover, we find that a huge amount of energy, of the order of $10^{53}$ erg, can be released in the conversion from a (metastable) hadronic star into a (stable) hybrid or quark star, if the presence of a color superconducting phase is taken into account. Accordingly to the scenario proposed in Astrophys.J.586(2003)1250, the energy released in this conversion can power a Gamma Ray Burst. This mechanism can explain the recent observations indicating a delay, of the order of days or years, between a few Supernova explosions and the subsequent Gamma Ray Burst.
A. Drago; A. Lavagno; G. Pagliara
EFFICIENT EFFICIENT SPARSE MATRIX-MATRIX PRODUCTS USING COLORINGS MICHAEL MCCOURT ∗ , BARRY SMITH ∗ , AND HONG ZHANG ∗ Abstract. Sparse matrix-matrix products appear in multigrid solvers and computational methods for graph theory. Some formulations of these products require the inner product of two sparse vectors, which have inefficient use of cache memory. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for computing sparse matrix-matrix products by exploiting matrix nonzero structure through the process of graph coloring. We prove the validity of this technique in general and demonstrate its viability for multigrid methods used to solve three-dimensional boundary value problems. 1. Introduction. Matrix-matrix multiplication is a fundamental linear algebra operation [4]. The operation of concern in this work is C = AB T , which arises in algebraic multigrid and certain graph algorithms.
Three Successful Tests of Color Transparency and Nuclear Filtering
We review the theoretical formalism for hard exclusive processes in a nuclear medium. Theory suggests that these processes will show the very interesting phenomena of color transparency and nuclear filtering. The survival probability in nuclear media has also been predicted to show a scaling behavior at large momentum and large nuclear number. We show that all of these effects may have already been seen experimentally.
Pankaj Jain; John P. Ralston
Phase Structure and Instability Problem in Color Superconductivity
We address the phase structure of color superconducting quark matter at high quark density. Under the electric and color neutrality conditions there appear various phases as a result of the Fermi surface mismatch among different quark flavors induced by finite strange quark mass; the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase where quarks are all energy gapped, the u-quark superconducting (uSC) phase where u-quarks are paired with either d- or s-quarks, the d-quark superconducting (dSC) phase that is the d-quark analogue of the uSC phase, the two-flavor superconducting (2SC) phase where u- and d-quarks are paired, and the unpaired quark matter (UQM) that is normal quark matter without pairing. Besides these possibilities, when the Fermi surface mismatch is large enough to surpass the gap energy, the gapless superconducting phases are expected. We focus our discussion on the chromomagnetic instability problem related to the gapless CFL (gCFL) onset and explore the instability regions on the phase diagram as a function of the temperature and the quark chemical potential. We sketch how to reach stable physical states inside the instability regions.
Kenji Fukushima
Techno-economic Analysis for Labeling Color Televisions in India
Techno-economic Analysis for Labeling Color Televisions in India Techno-economic Analysis for Labeling Color Televisions in India Title Techno-economic Analysis for Labeling Color Televisions in India Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2007 Authors Iyer, Maithili Date Published 12/1/2007 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Keywords developing country studies, labeling Abstract The analysis summarized in this report supports the ongoing work of India's Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in its mandate to implement a standards and labeling (S&L) program for consumer electronics in India. US EPA actively supports the S&L program of the BEE. The analysis deals with establishing an efficiency threshold for an endorsement label. The purpose of endorsement labeling is to indicate clearly to the consumer that the labeled product saves energy compared to others on the market. The endorsement levels can be set on the basis of their relative place in the efficiency distribution. Typically, these levels are applied to the top tier (e.g., the top 15 to 25%) of energy-efficient products in a market. One example of an endorsement label for energy efficiency is the U.S. Energy Star® label. These levels can also be designed to target a specific efficiency level, as is mostly done with thresholds for standby power ratings.
Failure Root Cause of PCI Suspect Fuel Rods from Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt (KKL) Reactor: Part 2: PIE of Failed and Sibling Sound Rods
Researchers can best determine in-reactor fuel behavior by performing detailed post irradiation examinations (PIE) of carefully selected fuel rods. By applying PIE techniques to failed and sibling sound rods, they can often determine the failure mechanism or root cause. Similarly, they can obtain critical performance-limiting data by PIE of sound high burn-up fuel rods. The investigations and results detailed in this report achieve both of these goals.
FAILED-DETONATION SUPERNOVAE: SUBLUMINOUS LOW-VELOCITY Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR KICKED REMNANT WHITE DWARFS WITH IRON-RICH CORES
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) originate from the thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen (C-O) white dwarfs (WDs). The single-degenerate scenario is a well-explored model of SNe Ia where unstable thermonuclear burning initiates in an accreting, Chandrasekhar-mass WD and forms an advancing flame. By several proposed physical processes, the rising, burning material triggers a detonation, which subsequently consumes and unbinds the WD. However, if a detonation is not triggered and the deflagration is too weak to unbind the star, a completely different scenario unfolds. We explore the failure of the gravitationally confined detonation mechanism of SNe Ia, and demonstrate through two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations the properties of failed-detonation SNe. We show that failed-detonation SNe expel a few 0.1 M{sub Sun} of burned and partially burned material and that a fraction of the material falls back onto the WD, polluting the remnant WD with intermediate-mass and iron-group elements that likely segregate to the core forming a WD whose core is iron rich. The remaining material is asymmetrically ejected at velocities comparable to the escape velocity from the WD, and in response, the WD is kicked to velocities of a few hundred km s{sup -1}. These kicks may unbind the binary and eject a runaway/hypervelocity WD. Although the energy and ejected mass of the failed-detonation SN are a fraction of typical thermonuclear SNe, they are likely to appear as subluminous low-velocity SNe Ia. Such failed detonations might therefore explain or are related to the observed branch of peculiar SNe Ia, such as the family of low-velocity subluminous SNe (SN 2002cx/SN 2008ha-like SNe).
Jordan, George C. IV; Van Rossum, Daniel R. [Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States); Perets, Hagai B. [Physics Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Fisher, Robert T. [Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02740 (United States)
High-Contrast Color-Stripe Pattern for Rapid Structured-Light Range Imaging
For structured-light range imaging, color stripes can be used for increasing the number of distinguishable light patterns compared to binary BW stripes. Therefore, an appropriate use of color patterns can reduce the number of light projections and range imaging is achievable in single video frame or in �one shot�. On the other hand, the reliability and range resolution attainable from color stripes is generally lower than those from multiply projected binary BW patterns since color contrast is affected by object color reflectance and ambient light. This paper presents new methods for selecting stripe colors and designing multiple-stripe patterns for �one-shot� and �two-shot� imaging. We show that maximizing color contrast between the stripes in one-shot imaging reduces the ambiguities resulting from colored object surfaces and limitations in sensor/projector resolution. Two-shot imaging adds an extra video frame and maximizes the color contrast between the first and second video frames to diminish the ambiguities even further. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented one-shot and two-shot color-stripe imaging schemes.
Changsoo Je; Sang Wook Lee; Rae-Hong Park
Types of Lighting in Commercial Buildings - Lighting Characteristics
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Characteristics of Lighting Types Characteristics of Lighting Types Efficacy Efficacy is the amount of light produced per unit of energy consumed, expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W). Lamps with a higher efficacy value are more energy efficient. Average Rated Life The average rated life of a particular type of lamp is defined by the number of hours when 50 percent of a large sample of that type of lamp has failed. Color Rendering Index (CRI) The CRI is a measurement of a light source's accuracy in rendering different colors when compared to a reference light source. The highest attainable CRI is 100. Lamps with CRIs above 70 are typically used in office and living environments. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) The CCT is an indicator of the "warmth" or "coolness" of the color
New Cool Roof Coatings and Affordable Cool Color Asphalt
New Cool Roof Coatings and New Cool Roof Coatings and Affordable Cool Color Asphalt Shingles Meng-Dawn Cheng Oak Ridge National Laboratory email@example.com; 865-241-5918 April 4, 2013 PM: Andre Desjarlais PI: Meng-Dawn Cheng, Ph.D. David Graham, Ph.D. Sue Carroll Steve Allman Dawn Klingeman Susan Pfiffner, Ph.D. (FY12) Karen Cheng (FY12) Partner: Joe Rokowski (Dow) Roof Testing Facility at ORNL Building Technologies Research and Integration Center 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov * Building accounted for 41% of the US energy consumption in 2010 greater than either transportation (28%) or industry (31%).
Energy States of Colored Particle in a Chromomagnetic Field
The unitary transformation, which diagonalizes squared Dirac equation in a constant chromomagnetic field is found. Applying this transformation, we find the eigenfunctions of diagonalized Hamiltonian, that describe the states with definite value of energy and call them energy states. It is pointed out that, the energy states are determined by the color interaction term of the particle with the background chromofield and this term is responsible for the splitting of the energy spectrum. We construct supercharge operators for the diagonal Hamiltonian, that ensure the superpartner property of the energy states.
Sh. Mamedov
A green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid solution phosphor Sr[subscript 2]Ba(AlO[subscript 4]F)[subscript 1;#8722;x](SiO[subscript 5])x:Ce[superscript 3+] for thermally stable, high color rendition solid state white lighting
A near-UV excited, oxyfluoride phosphor solid solution Sr{sub 1.975}Ce{sub 0.025}Ba(AlO{sub 4}F){sub 1-x}(SiO{sub 5}){sub x} has been developed for solid state white lighting applications. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce{sup 3+} activator ions through a combination of density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance, points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The maximum emission wavelength can be tuned from green ({lambda}{sub em} = 523 nm) to yellow ({lambda}{sub em} = 552 nm) by tuning the composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70 {+-} 5% for some of the examples in the series. Excellent thermal properties were found for the x = 0.5 sample, with the photoluminescence intensity at 160 C only decreased to 82% of its room temperature value. Phosphor-converted LED devices fabricated using an InGaN LED ({lambda}{sub max} = 400 nm) exhibit high color rendering white light with R{sub a} = 70 and a correlated color temperature near 7000 K. The value of R{sub a} could be raised to 90 by the addition of a red component, and the correlated color temperature lowered to near 4000 K.
Denault, Kristin A.; George, Nathan C.; Paden, Sara R.; Brinkley, Stuart; Mikhailovsky, Alexander A.; Neuefeind, J�rg; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram (UCSB); (ORNL)
Plastics' Color Problem: How a New Device Will Prevent Waste | Department
Plastics' Color Problem: How a New Device Will Prevent Waste Plastics' Color Problem: How a New Device Will Prevent Waste Plastics' Color Problem: How a New Device Will Prevent Waste July 22, 2010 - 3:20pm Addthis This is a probe for use in an extruder, similar to the one being developed by Guided Wave of Rancho Cordova, Calif. | Photo courtesy of Guided Wave. This is a probe for use in an extruder, similar to the one being developed by Guided Wave of Rancho Cordova, Calif. | Photo courtesy of Guided Wave. What are the key facts? Commercial plastics made at 752 degrees Fahrenheit and 2,000 psi Conventional plastic color detectors break at high temps and pressures Plastics with incorrect colors, require rerunning production - wasting energy $250,000 DOE grant to support development of improved probe Color can make or break commercial plastics. And commercial or extruded
Generating color terrain images in an emergency response system
The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) provides real-time assessments of the consequences resulting from an atmospheric release of radioactive material. In support of this operation, a system has been created which integrates numerical models, data acquisition systems, data analysis techniques, and professional staff. Of particular importance is the rapid generation of graphical images of the terrain surface in the vicinity of the accident site. A terrain data base and an associated acquisition system have been developed that provide the required terrain data. This data is then used as input to a collection of graphics programs which create and display realistic color images of the terrain. The graphics system currently has the capability of generating color shaded relief images from both overhead and perspective viewpoints within minutes. These images serve to quickly familiarize ARAC assessors with the terrain near the release location, and thus permit them to make better informed decisions in modeling the behavior of the released material. 7 refs., 8 figs.
Belles, R.D.
Higgs Boson Mass predicted by the Four Color Theorem
We show that the mathematical proof of the four color theorem yields a perfect interpretation of the Standard Model of particle physics. The steps of the proof enable us to construct the t-Riemann surface and particle frame which forms the gauge. We specify well-defined rules to match the Standard Model in a one-to-one correspondence with the topological and algebraic structure of the particle frame. This correspondence is exact - it only allows the particles and force fields to have the observable properties of the Standard Model, giving us a Grand Unified Theory. In this paper, we concentrate on explicitly specifying the quarks, gauge vector bosons, the Standard Model scalar Higgs $H^{0}$ boson and the weak force field. Using all the specifications of our mathematical model, we show how to calculate the values of the Weinberg and Cabibbo angles on the particle frame. Finally, we present our prediction of the Higgs $H^{0}$ boson mass $M_{H^{0}} = 125.992 \\simeq 126 GeV$, as a direct consequence of the proof of the four color theorem.
Ashay Dharwadker; Vladimir Khachatryan
Assuming that density waves trigger star formation, and that young stars preserve the velocity components of the molecular gas where they are born, we analyze the effects that non-circular gas orbits have on color gradients across spiral arms. We try two approaches, one involving semianalytical solutions for spiral shocks, and another with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulation data. We find that, if non-circular motions are ignored, the comparison between observed color gradients and stellar population synthesis models would in principle yield pattern speed values that are systematically too high for regions inside corotation, with the difference between the real and the measured pattern speeds increasing with decreasing radius. On the other hand, image processing and pixel averaging result in systematically lower measured spiral pattern speed values, regardless of the kinematics of stellar orbits. The net effect is that roughly the correct pattern speeds are recovered, although the trend of higher measured OMEGA{sub p} at lower radii (as expected when non-circular motions exist but are neglected) should still be observed. We examine the MartInez-GarcIa et al. photometric data and confirm that this is indeed the case. The comparison of the size of the systematic pattern speed offset in the data with the predictions of the semianalytical and MHD models corroborates that spirals are more likely to end at outer Lindblad resonance, as these authors had already found.
Martinez-Garcia, Eric E. [Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia, Apartado Postal 264, Merida 5101-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Gonzalez-Lopezlira, Rosa A.; Gomez, Gilberto C., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Centro de Radioastronomia y Astrofisica, UNAM, Campus Morelia, Michoacan, C.P. 58089 (Mexico)
Cooling of Neutron Stars with Color Superconducting Quark Cores
We show that within a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model the critical density for a phase transition to color superconducting quark matter under neutron star conditions can be low enough for these phases to occur in compact star configurations with masses below 1.3 M_solar. We study the cooling of these objects in isolation for different values of the gravitational mass. Our equation of state (EoS) allows for 2SC quark matter with a large quark gap \\~100 MeV for u and d quarks of two colors that coexists with normal quark matter within a mixed phase in the hybrid star interior. We argue that, if the phases with unpaired quarks were allowed, the corresponding hybrid stars would cool too fast. If they occured for M cooling data existing by today. We discuss a "2SC+X" phase, as a possibility to have all quarks paired in two-flavor quark matter under neutron star constraints, where the X-gap is of the order of 10 keV - 1 MeV. Density independent gaps do not allow to fit the cooling data. Only the presence of an X-gap that decreases with increase of the density could allow to appropriately fit the data in a similar compact star mass interval to that following from a purely hadronic model. This scenario is suggested as an alternative explanation of the cooling data in the framework of a hybrid star model.
Hovik Grigorian; David Blaschke; Dmitri Voskresensky
Proceedings from the 6th International Symposium on Light and Color
The 6th EPRI/LRO Lighting Research Symposium (February, 2006) was organized to present and examine current research information on the subject of Light and Color in relation to how they work together to affect the appearance of people and things. The intent was to provide consistent, industry-wide communication of lamp color properties to end users in a simple, easily-understood way. Historically, these color properties have not been well communicated. Consequently, an important "value-added" feature of ...
A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing products
Wavelength (nm) In press at Solar Energy Materials & Solarcool asphalt shingles. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cellsof common colorants, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Levinson, Ronnen
Interrelation of surface tension, optical turbidity, and color of operational transformer oils
Measurements of the acidity, optical turbidity, surface tension, and color of transformer oil from 54 power transformers, autotransformers, and shunt reactors are reported. Changes in surface tension, optical turbidity, and color are found to obey adequate linear correlations, while the acidity has no correlation with any of these properties. Numerical criteria for the maximum permissible state (quality) of the oil with respect to optical turbidity and color are obtained. Recommendations to operating staff are provided for cases in which the criteria for optical turbidity and color are exceeded.
L'vov, S. Yu.; Lyut'ko, E. O.; Lankau, Ya. V.; Komarov, V. B.; Seliverstov, A. F.; Bondareva, V. N.; L'vov, Yu. N.; L'vov, M. Yu.; Ershov, B. G.
The Flexible Display Center and Universal Display Corporation Produce Flexible, Full-Color AMOLED Prototype Displays
successfully fabricated the first full-color, flexible active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display prototypes using the Center's bond/de-bond manufacturing
Rhoads, James
The Latent Heat of Single Flavor Color Superconductivity in a Magnetic Field
We calculate the energy release associated with first-order phase transition between different types of single flavor color superconductivity in a magnetic field.
Ping-ping Wu; Hang He; Defu Hou; Hai-cang Ren
Patterned three-color ZnCdSeZnCdMgSe quantum-well structures for integrated full-color and white light emitters
. This result demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating integrated full-color light emitting diode and laser American Institute of Physics. S0003-6951 00 04149-8 Light emitting diodes LEDs and laser diodes LDs having
The asymmetric relations among galaxy color, structure, and environment
We investigate the dependences of galaxy star-formation history and galaxy morphology on environment, using color and H-alpha equivalent width as star-formation history indicators, using concentration and central surface brightness as morphological indicators, and using clustocentric distance as an environment indicator. Clustocentric distance has the virtue that it can be measured with very high precision over a large dynamic range. We find the following asymmetry between morphological and star-formation history parameters: star-formation history parameters relate directly to the clustocentric distance while morphological parameters relate to the clustocentric distance only indirectly through their relationships with star-formation history. This asymmetry has important implications for the role that environment plays in shaping galaxy properties and it places strong constraints on theoretical models of galaxy formation. Current semi-analytic models do not reproduce this effect.
Alejandro D. Quintero; Andreas A. Berlind; MichaelR. Blanton; David W. Hogg
Color superconductivity with determinant interaction in strange quark matter
We investigate the effect of six fermion determinant interaction on color superconductivity as well as on chiral symmetry breaking. Coupled mass gap equations and the superconducting gap equation are derived through the minimisation of the thermodynamic potential. The effect of nonzero quark -- antiquark condensates on the superconducting gap is derived. This becomes particularly relevant for the case of 2-flavor superconducting matter with unpaired strange quarks in the diquark channel. While the effect of six fermion interaction leads to an enhancement of u-d superconductivity, due to nonvanishing strange quark--antiquark condensates, such an enhancement will be absent at higher densities for u-s or d-s superconductivity due to early (almost) vanishing of light quark-- antiquark condensates.
Amruta Mishra; Hiranmaya Mishra
Categorical perception of voicing, colors and facial expressions: A developmental study
The aim of the present paper was to compare the development of perceptual categorization of voicing, colors and facial expressions in French-speaking children (from 6 to 8 years) and adults. Differences in both categorical perception, i.e. the correspondence ... Keywords: Boundary precision, Categorical perception, Colors, Development, Facial expressions, Voice onset time
I. Hoonhorst; V. Medina; C. Colin; E. Markessis; M. Radeau; P. Deltenre; W. Serniclaes
Power-Saving Color Transformation of Mobile Graphical User Interfaces on OLED-based Displays
Power-Saving Color Transformation of Mobile Graphical User Interfaces on OLED-based Displays Mian to their emissive nature. They bring a new opportunity for power saving by transforming GUI colors. In this work, we to automatically transform GUIs for power reduction. Firstly, most existing GUIs are designed for conventional LCDs
Zhong, Lin
Color space transformations for analysis and enhancement of ancient degraded manuscripts
In this paper we focus on ancient manuscripts, acquired in the RGB modality, which are degraded by the presence of complex background textures that interfere with the text of interest. Removing these artifacts is not trivial, especially with ancient ... Keywords: Color Channel Decorrelation, Color Space Transformations, document Analysis and Enhancement
A. Tonazzini
A color-action perceptual approach to the classification of animated movies
We address a particular case of video genre classification, namely the classification of animated movies. This task is achieved using two categories of content descriptors, temporal and color based, which are adapted to this particular content. Temporal ... Keywords: action content, animated genre classification, color properties, video indexing
Bogdan Ionescu; Constantin Vertan; Patrick Lambert; Alexandre Benoit
Vector Color Filter Array Demosaicing Maya R. Gupta and Ting Chen
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA ABSTRACT Single-sensor digital, Color Demosaicing, Color Filter Array (CFA), Vector Median 1. INTRODUCTION Usage of digital cameras has provided motivation to improve all elements of the digital photography signal chain. To lower cost
Salvaggio, Carl
A Statistical Learning-Based Method for Color Correction of Underwater Images
A Statistical Learning-Based Method for Color Correction of Underwater Images Luz A. Torres the problem of color correction of un- derwater images using statistical priors. Underwater images present by using a non-parametric sampling procedure. Experimental results on a variety of underwater scenes
Dudek, Gregory
Review: A general framework for second-order blind separation of stationary colored sources
This paper focuses on the blind separation of stationary colored sources using the second-order statistics (SOS) of their instantaneous mixtures. We first start by presenting a brief overview of existing contributions in that field. Then, we present ... Keywords: Blind source separation, Second-order statistics, Stationary colored sources
Abdeldjalil A?ssa-El-Bey; Karim Abed-Meraim; Yves Grenier; Yingbo Hua
Parallel Color Coding and Graph Partitioning Enabling Subgraph Counting for Massive Graphs
Zhao, Maleq Khan, V.S. Anil Kumar, Madhav V. Marathe Virginia Tech The Problem The problem is to count the error.) a) Color each vertex of G uniformly at random with a color from {1,...,k}. b) Count Xi The total running time of ParSE can be bounded by: Here P is the number of partitions, Q is the number
Khan, Maleq
Color Removal from Pulp Mill Effluent Using Coal Ash Produced from Georgia Coal Combustion Power Plants
Color Removal from Pulp Mill Effluent Using Coal Ash Produced from Georgia Coal Combustion Power color from pulp mill effluent using coal ash. Prevent coal ash adsorbent from leaching arsenic, chromium, lead, and zinc. Define a treatment procedure using coal ash that will result in the maximum
Hutcheon, James M.
A design decision-making support model for customized product color combination
The need for product customization during product development processes will continue to increase. Product customization can satisfy consumer needs and preferences. Altering the colors and appearance of module parts is an effectual method of achieving ... Keywords: Color combination, Customization, Decision-making, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), Image compositing
Min-Yuan Ma; Cheih-Ying Chen; Fong-Gong Wu
Generation kinetics of color centers in irradiated poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)
The transient absorbance of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) irradiated with gamma rays at elevated temperatures has been investigated. The absorbance in the ultraviolet and visible range increases with gamma ray dose. A bathochromic shift in transmission spectra emerges significantly upon irradiation. A first-order generation model is proposed to analyze the kinetics of color centers during annealing. The activation energy of the color center increases with increasing gamma ray dose. The equilibrium behavior of color centers in PMP is similar to that of vacancies in metals, and the formation energy of color centers in PMP decreases with increasing gamma ray dose. However, annealable color centers are not observed in this study.
Peng, J. S.; Li, C. L.; Lee, Sanboh [Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan (China); Chou, K. F. [Department of Biomechanical Engineering Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan (China)
Color, the Visual Arts, and Representations of Otherness in the Victorian Novel
This dissertation investigates the cultural connections made between race and color in works of fiction from the Victorian and Edwardian era, particularly how authors who are also artists invent fantastically colored characters who are purple, blue, red, and yellow to rewrite (and sometimes reclaim) difference in their fiction. These strange and eccentric characters include the purple madwoman in Charlotte Bront�s Jane Eyre (1847), the blue gentleman from Wilkie Collins�s Poor Miss Finch (1872), the red peddler in Thomas Hardy�s The Return of the Native (1878), and the little yellow girls of Arthur Conan Doyle�s �The Yellow Face� (1893) and Frances Hodgson Burnett�s The Secret Garden (1911). These fictional texts serve as a point of access into the cultural meanings of color in the nineteenth century and are situated at the intersection of Victorian discourses on the visual arts and race science. The second half of the nineteenth century constitutes a significant moment in the history of color: the rapid development of new color technologies helps to trigger the upheavals of the first avant-garde artistic movements and a reassessment of coloring�s prestige in the art academies. At the same time, race science appropriates color, using it as a criterion for classification in the establishment of global racial hierarchies. By imagining what it would be like to change one�s skin color, these artist-authors employ the aesthetic realm of color to explore the nature of human difference and alterity. In doing so, some of them are able to successfully formulate their own challenges to nineteenth-century racial discourse.
Durgan, Jessica
Collective modes in the color flavor-locked phase.
We study the low-energy effective action for some collective modes of the color flavor-locked (CFL) phase of QCD. This phase of matter has long been known to be a superfluid because by picking a phase its order parameter breaks the quark-number U(1){sub B} symmetry spontaneously. We consider the modes describing fluctuations in the magnitude of the condensate, namely the Higgs mode, and in the phase of the condensate, namely the Nambu-Goldstone (NG) (or Anderson-Bogoliubov) mode associated with the breaking of U(1){sub B}. By employing as microscopic theory the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we reproduce known results for the Lagrangian of the NG field to the leading order in the chemical potential and extend such results evaluating corrections due to the gap parameter. Moreover, we determine the interaction terms between the Higgs and the NG field. This study paves the way for a more reliable study of various dissipative processes in rotating compact stars with a quark matter core in the CFL phase.
Anglani, R.; Mannarelli, M.; Ruggieri, M. (Physics); (Univ. of Barcelona); (Kyoto Univ.); (Italian National Research Council)
1-2-3-flavor color superconductivity in compact stars
We suggest a scenario where the three light quark flavors are sequentially deconfined under increasing pressure in cold asymmetric nuclear matter, e.g., as in neutron stars. The basis for our analysis is a chiral quark matter model of Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type with diquark pairing in the spin-1 single flavor (CSL) and spin-0 two/three flavor (2SC/CFL) channels, and a Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach in the nuclear matter sector. We find that nucleon dissociation sets in at about the saturation density, n_0, when the down-quark Fermi sea is populated (d-quark dripline) due to the flavor asymmetry imposed by beta-equilibrium and charge neutrality. At about 3n_0 u-quarks appear forming a two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase, while the s-quark Fermi sea is populated only at still higher baryon density. The hybrid star sequence has a maximum mass of 2.1 M_sun. Two- and three-flavor quark matter phases are found only in gravitationally unstable hybrid star solutions.
David Blaschke; Fredrik Sandin; Thomas Klahn
Twelve massless flavors and three colors below the conformal window
We report new results for a frequently discussed gauge theory with twelve fermion flavors in the fundamental representation of the SU(3) color gauge group. The model, controversial with respect to its conformality, is important in non-perturbative studies searching for a viable composite Higgs mechanism Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). To resolve the controversy, we subject the model to opposite hypotheses inside and outside of the conformal window. In the first hypothesis we test chiral symmetry breaking ($\\chi{\\rm SB}$) with its Goldstone spectrum, $F_\\pi$, the $\\chi{\\rm SB}$ condensate, and several composite hadron states as the fermion mass is varied in a limited range with our best effort to control finite volume effects and extrapolation to the massless chiral limit. Supporting results for $\\chi{\\rm SB}$ from the running coupling based on the force between static sources and some preliminary evidence for the finite temperature transition are also presented. In the second test for the alternate hypothesis we probe conformal behavior driven by a single anomalous mass dimension under the assumption of unbroken chiral symmetry. Our results show a very low level of confidence in the conformal scenario. Staggered lattice fermions with stout-suppressed taste breaking are used throughout the simulations.
Zoltan Fodor; Kieran Holland; Julius Kuti; Daniel Nogradi; Chris Schroeder
Modeling of marine light absorption and ocean color : : Partitioning of total and particulate absorption coefficients and evaluation of an inverse reflectance algorithm
and C. McClain (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms6306. Mueller, J. L. , et al. (2003), Ocean Optics Protocolsfor Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4,
Zheng, Guangming
The Color of Money in Greater Boston: Patterns of Mortgage Lending and Residential Segregation at the Beginning of the New Century
1999. ��The Color of Money� Revisited: Racial Lending1988. �The Color of Money,� Atlanta-Journal Constitution (Nancy McArdle, 2004. �More than Money: The Spatial Mismatch
Campen, Jim
Quantum manipulation of two-color stationary light: Quantum wavelength conversion
We present a quantum manipulation of a traveling light pulse using double atomic coherence for two-color stationary light and quantum frequency conversion. The quantum frequency conversion rate of the traveling light achieved by the two-color stationary light phenomenon is near unity. We theoretically discuss the two-color stationary light for the frequency conversion process in terms of pulse area, energy transfer and propagation directions. The resulting process may apply the coherent interactions of a weak field to nonlinear quantum optics such as quantum nondemolition measurement.
S. A. Moiseev; B. S. Ham
Identification of failed fuel element
A passive fission product gas trap is provided in the upper portion of each fuel subassembly in a nuclear reactor. The gas trap consists of an inverted funnel of less diameter than the subassembly having a valve at the apex thereof. An actuating rod extends upwardly from the valve through the subassembly to a point where it can be contacted by the fuel handling mechanism for the reactor. Interrogation of the subassembly for the presence of fission products is accomplished by lowering the fuel handling machine onto the subassembly to press down on the actuating rod and open the valve.
Fryer, Richard M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Matlock, Robert G. (Hinsdale, IL)
Primary Metals - Compressor Motors Failing
This power quality (PQ) case study presents the investigation of four failures of compressor motors for a two stage chiller at a primary metals manufacturing facility.
Why Green is Your Color: A Woman's Guide to a Sustainable Career...
Career February 13, 2012 - 12:15pm Addthis Why Green is Your Color: A Woman's Guide to a Sustainable Career "Many occupations in the clean energy economy remain virtually untapped...
Calibration and Validation of Remotely Sensed Observations of Ocean Color from a Moored Data Buoy
Satellite remote sensing of ocean color has the potential to map global surface phytoplankton concentrations at rates of up to once per day, providing wide-area data on a number of fundamental ocean processes relating to biological production, ...
M. H. Pinkerton; J. Aiken
Two-Color Self-Seeding at LCLS | Stanford Synchrotron Radiation...
Two-Color Self-Seeding at LCLS Wednesday, September 18, 2013 - 3:00pm SLAC, Redtail Hawk Conference Room 108A Franz-Josef Decker, Accelerator Directorate The Linac Coherent Light...
Color measurements with a consumer digital camera using spectral estimation techniques
The use of spectrophotometers for color measurements on printed substrates is widely spread among paper producers as well as within the printing industry. Spectrophotometer measurements are precise, but time-consuming procedures and faster methods are ...
Martin Solli; Mattias Andersson; Reiner Lenz; Bj�rn Kruse
A context-sensitive meta-classifier for color-naming
Humans are sensitive to situational and semantic context when applying labels to colors. This is especially challenging for algorithms which attempt to replicate human categorization for communicative tasks. Additionally, ...
Kubat, Rony Daniel
A color spatial display based on a Raster framebuffer and varifocal mirror
A very simple 30 color display has been constructed. It consists of a 20 display viewed in a rapidly vibrating varifocal mirror. The changing focal length of the mirror is responsible for providing the depth; when the ...
Carson, Kenneth M
Cultural Differences in the Prevalence of Stereotype Activation and Explanations of Crime: Does Race Color Perception?
G. (2004). Seeing black: race, crime, and visual processing.and Explanations of Crime: Does Race Color Perception? Aand race-nonstereotypic crimes: the impact of response-time
Briones, Lilia Rebeca
Color neutrality effects in the phase diagram of the Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
The phase diagram of a two-flavor Polyakov-loop Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is analyzed imposing the constraint of color charge neutrality. The main effect of this constraint is a coexistence of the chiral symmetry breaking ({chi}SB) and two-flavor superconducting phases. Additional effects are a shrinking of the {chi}SB domain in the T-{mu} plane and a shift of the end point to lower temperatures, but their quantitative importance is shadowed by the intrinsic uncertainties of the model. The effects can be understood in view of the presence of a nonvanishing color chemical potential {mu}{sub 8}, which is introduced to compensate the color charge density {rho}{sub 8} induced by a background color gauge mean field {phi}{sub 3}. At low temperatures and large chemical potentials the model exhibits a quarkyonic phase, which gets additional support from the diquark condensation.
Dumm, D. Gomez [IFLP, CONICET - Departmento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata (Argentina); CONICET, Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Blaschke, D. B. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Max Born Place 9, 50204 Wroclaw (Poland); Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR Dubna, Joliot-Curie Street 6, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Grunfeld, A. G. [CONICET, Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Physics Department, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Scoccola, N. N. [CONICET, Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Physics Department, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Universidad Favaloro, Solis 453, 1078 Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Computer image analysis of seed shape and seed color for flax cultivar description
We applied computer image analysis to group together flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.) according to their similarity in commercially important dry seed traits. Both the seed shape and seed-color traits were tested on 53 cultivars from world germplasm ... Keywords: Agro-biodiversity preservation, Computer image analysis, Flax cultivar clustering, Flax seed descriptors, Hierarchical clustering, Multivariate analysis, Principal component analysis, Seed color, Seed shape
Wiesnerov� Dana; Wiesner Ivo
Solar DEM Models : A solar image in color band b, mn pixels,
Solar DEM Models : A solar image in color band b, m�?n pixels, containing a particular solar feature, for t = 1, 2, . . . , T. btM sianFieldRandomGaus I M I I bbb T t bbtt bbb bb 2 1 2 )( #12;Solar DEM.bI : the measure error of the ith row and jth column pixel of the certain image in color band b. ijbe #12;Solar DEM
Wolfe, Patrick J.
Energy Gaps in the Failed High-Tc Superconductor La1.875Ba0.125CuO4
A central issue in high-T{sub c} superconductivity is the nature of the normal-state gap (pseudogap) in the underdoped regime and its relationship with superconductivity. Despite persistent efforts, theoretical ideas for the pseudogap evolve around fluctuating superconductivity, competing order, and spectral weight suppression due to many-body effects. Recently, although some experiments in the superconducting state indicate a distinction between the superconducting gap and pseudogap, others in the normal state, either by extrapolation from high-temperature data or directly from La{sub 1.875)Ba{sub 0.125}CuO{sub 4} (LBCO-1/8) at low temperature, suggest the ground-state pseudogap is a single gap of d-wave form. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission data from LBCO-1/8, collected with improved experimental conditions, that reveal the ground-state pseudogap has a pronounced deviation from the simple d-wave form. It contains two distinct components: a d-waev component within an extended region around the node and the other abruptly enhanced close to the antinode, pointing to a dual nature of the pseudogap in this failed high-T{sub c} superconductor that involves a possible precursor-pairing energy scale around the node and another of different but unknown origin near the antinode.
Energy Gaps in the Failed High-Tc Superconductor La_1.875Ba_0.125Cu_O4
A central issue on high-T{sub c} superconductivity is the nature of the normal-state gap (pseudogap) in the underdoped regime and its relationship with superconductivity. Despite persistent efforts, theoretical ideas for the pseudogap evolve around fluctuating superconductivity, competing order and spectral weight suppression due to many-body effects. Recently, while some experiments in the superconducting state indicate a distinction between the superconducting gap and pseudogap, others in the normal state, either by extrapolation from high-temperature data or directly from La{sub 1.875}Ba{sub 0.125}CuO{sub 4} (LBCO-1/8) at low temperature, suggest the ground-state pseudogap is a single gap of d-wave form. Here we report angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) data from LBCO-1/8, collected with improved experimental conditions, that reveal the ground-state pseudogap has a pronounced deviation from the simple d-wave form. It contains two distinct components: a d-wave component within an extended region around the node and the other abruptly enhanced close to the antinode, pointing to a dual nature of the pseudogap in this failed high-T{sub c} superconductor which involves a possible precursor pairing energy scale around the node and another of different but unknown origin near the antinode.
Tanaka, K.
A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and
A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing products Title A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing products Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2010 Authors Levinson, Ronnen M., Hashem Akbari, Paul Berdahl, Kurt Wood, Wayne Skilton, and Jerry Petersheim Journal Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Volume 94 Start Page 946 Issue 6 Pagination 946-954 Date Published 06/2010 Keywords asphalt shingle, concrete tile, Cool colored roof, Cool Colored Roofs, cool roofs, Heat Island, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Solar reflectance, surface roughness Abstract The widespread use of solar-reflective roofing materials can save energy, mitigate urban heat islands and slow global warming by cooling the roughly 20% of the urban surface that is roofed. In this study we created prototype solar-reflective nonwhite concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing materials using a two-layer spray coating process intended to maximize both solar reflectance and factory-line throughput. Each layer is a thin, quick-drying, pigmented latex paint based on either acrylic or a poly(vinylidene fluoride)/acrylic blend. The first layer is a titanium dioxide rutile white basecoat that increases the solar reflectance of a gray-cement concrete tile from 0.18 to 0.79, and that of a shingle surfaced with bare granules from 0.06 to 0.62. The second layer is a "cool" color topcoat with weak near-infrared (NIR) absorption and/or strong NIR backscattering. Each layer dries within seconds, potentially allowing a factory line to pass first under the white spray, then under the color spray.
A Failed Gamma-Ray Burst with Dirty Energetic Jets Spirited Away? New Implications for the GRB-SN Connection from Supernova 2002ap
(Abridged) SN 2002ap is an interesting event with broad spectral features like the famous SN 1998bw / GRB 980425. Here we examine the recently proposed jet hypothesis from SN 2002ap by a spectropolarimetric observation. We show that jets should be moving at about 0.23c with a jet kinetic energy of ~5 x 10^{50} erg, a similar energy scale to the GRB jets. The weak radio emission from SN 2002ap has been used to argue against the jet hypothesis, but we show that this problem can be avoided. However, the jet cannot be kept ionized because of adiabatic cooling without external photoionization or heating source. We found that only the radioactivity of 56Ni is a possible source, indicating that the jet is formed and ejected from central region of the core collapse. Then we point out that the jet will eventually sweep up enough interstellar medium and generate shocks in a few to 10 years, producing strong radio emission that can be spatially resolved, giving us a clear test for the jet hypothesis. Discussions are given on possible implications for the GRB-SN connection in the case that the jet is real. We suggest existence of two distinct classes of GRBs from similar core-collapse events but by completely different mechanisms. Cosmologically distant GRBs (~10^{50} erg) are collimated jets generated by central activity of core collapses. SN 2002ap could be a failed GRB of this type with a large baryon load. On the other hand, much less energetic ones like GRB 980425 are rather isotropic, which may be produced by hydrodynamical shock acceleration at the outer envelope. We propose that the radioactive ionization for the SN 2002ap jet may give a new explanation also for the X-ray line features often observed in GRB afterglows.
Tomonori Totani
Colors of c-type RR Lyrae Stars and Interstellar Reddening
RR Lyrae stars pulsating in the fundamental mode have long been used to measure interstellar reddening, based on their observed uniformity of $B-V$ color at minimum light after small corrections for metallicity and period are applied. However, little attention has been paid to the first overtone pulsators (RRc or RR1). We present new $V-I$ observations of field RRc stars, supplemented with published data from uncrowded RRc in globular clusters. Preliminary results indicate the RRc colors are correlated with period, but appear to be independent of the stars' metallicity. The scatter around the period-color relation is slightly larger than a comparable relation for RRab. Thus, RRc can be useful indicators of line of sight reddening toward old stellar systems, particularly when multiple stars are available as in Oosterhoff II globular clusters and metal-poor galaxies.
Layden, Andrew; Husband, Paul
We study the mid-infrared color space of 30 galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) survey for which Sloan Digital Sky Survey data are also available. We construct two-color maps for each galaxy and compare them to results obtained from combining Maraston evolutionary synthesis models, galactic thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) colors, and smooth star formation histories. For most of the SINGS sample, the spatially extended mid-IR emission seen by Spitzer in normal galaxies is consistent with our simple model in which circumstellar dust from TP-AGB stars dominates at 8 and 24 {mu}m. There is a handful of exceptions that we identify as galaxies that have high star formation rates presumably with star formation histories that cannot be assumed to be smooth, or anemic galaxies, which were depleted of their H I at some point during their evolution and have very low ongoing star formation rates.
Chisari, Nora E. [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Kelson, Daniel D., E-mail: email@example.com [Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States)
Nano-Enabled Titanium Dioxide Ultraviolet Protective Layers for Cool-Color
Nano-Enabled Titanium Dioxide Ultraviolet Nano-Enabled Titanium Dioxide Ultraviolet Protective Layers for Cool-Color Roofing Research Project Nano-Enabled Titanium Dioxide Ultraviolet Protective Layers for Cool-Color Roofing Research Project The Department of Energy (DOE) is currently undertaking research into nano-enabled titanium dioxide (TiO2) ultraviolet (UV) protective layers for cool-color roofing applications. Project Description This project entails optimizing and scaling up silicon dioxide-coated TiO2 nanocrystal synthesis and functionalization in aqueous solution in order to formulate a 10 gallon waterborne clear UV protective nanocomposite coating material. Project Partners This project is being undertaken between DOE and Nanotrons, a Massachusetts-based company that uses nano-engineering technologies to
Phi-Meson Production at RHIC, Strong Color Fields and Intrinsic Transverse Momenta
We investigate the effects of strong color fields and of the associated enhanced intrinsic transverse momenta on the phi-meson production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The observed consequences include a change of the spectral slopes, varying particle ratios, and also modified mean transverse momenta. In particular, the composition of the production processes of phi mesons, that is, direct production vs. coalescence-like production, depends strongly on the strength of the color fields and intrinsic transverse momenta and thus represents a sensitive probe for their measurement.
Sven Soff; Srikumar Kesavan; Jorgen Randrup; Horst Stocker; Nu Xu
Interplay between Spin Polarization and Color Superconductivity in High Density Quark Matter
Here, it is suggested that a four-point interaction of the tensor type may lead to spin polarization in quark matter at high density. It is found that the two-flavor superconducting phase and the spin polarized phase correspond to distinct local minima of a certain generalized thermodynamical potential. It follows that the transition from one to the other phase occurs passing through true minima with both a spin polarization and a color superconducting gap. It is shown that the quark spin polarized phase is realized at rather high density, while the two-flavor color superconducting phase is realized at a lower density region.
Y. Tsue; J. da Providencia; C. Providencia; M. Yamamura; H. Bohr
An optimal text/background color combination of LED information boards for visibility improvement based on psychological measurements
In this study, conspicuity and readability of the text on light-emitting diode (LED) information boards were evaluated by psychological experiments, and the influences of color combinations of text / background, luminance, and shadow were evaluated quantitatively. ... Keywords: LED, Scheffe's paired comparison, color combination, visibility
Aya Shiraiwa; Eriko Aiba; Takayuki Shimotomai; Hiroya Inome; Noriko Nagata
EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Phase Structure and Instability Problem in Color
Abstract. We address the phase structure of color superconducting quark matter at high quark density. Under the electric and color neutrality conditions there appear various phases as a result of the Fermi surface mismatch among different quark flavors induced by finite strange quark mass; the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase where quarks are all energy gapped, the u-quark superconducting (uSC) phase where u-quarks are paired with either d- or s-quarks, the d-quark superconducting (dSC) phase that is the d-quark analogue of the uSC phase, the two-flavor superconducting (2SC) phase where u- and d-quarks are paired, and the unpaired quark matter (UQM) that is normal quark matter without pairing. Besides these possibilities, when the Fermi surface mismatch is large enough to surpass the gap energy, the gapless superconducting phases are expected. We focus our discussion on the chromomagnetic instability problem related to the gapless CFL (gCFL) onset and explore the instability regions on the phase diagram as a function of the temperature and the quark chemical potential. We sketch how to reach stable physical states inside the instability regions. PACS. 12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics � 12.38.Aw General properties of QCD 1 Family of color superconducting phases The phase structure of matter composed of quarks and
Chameleon: Color Transformation on OLED Displays Mian Dong, and Lin Zhong
. However, there is a great need for tools to automatically transform GUIs for power reduction. Firstly transformation can readily adapt them for power savings on OLED-based displays. Secondly, transformation tools includes two steps. In first step, chameleon transforms the colors of a given GUI to minimize the power
Fast solution of NP-hard coloring problems on large random graphs
Combining tree decomposition and transfer matrix techniques provides a highly efficient and very general algorithm for computing exact partition functions of statistical models defined on large graphs. We illustrate this by considering the hard problem of computing the exact number of vertex colorings for randomly generated planar graphs with up to N = 100 vertices.
Bedini, Andrea
Retrieving Cloud Characteristics from Ground-Based Daytime Color All-Sky Images
A discussion is presented of daytime sky imaging and techniques that may be applied to the analysis of full-color sky images to infer cloud macrophysical properties. Descriptions of two different types of sky-imaging systems developed by the ...
C. N. Long; J. M. Sabburg; J. Calb�; D. Pag�s
Minimally flavored colored scalar in $\\bar B \\to D^{(*)} \\tau \\bar \
The presence of a colored scalar that is a weak doublet with fractional electric charges of $|Q|=2/3$ and $|Q|=5/3$ with mass below 1\\,TeV can provide an explanation of the observed branching ratios in $B \\to D^{(*)} \\tau \\bar \
Dorsner, Ilja; Kosnik, Nejc; Nisandzic, Ivan
Color texture analysis and classification: an agent approach based on partially self-avoiding deterministic walks
Recently, we have proposed a novel approach of texture analysis that has overcome most of the state-of-art methods. This method considers independent walkers, with a given memory, leaving from each pixel of an image. Each walker moves to one of its neighboring ... Keywords: color images, partially self-avoiding deterministic walks, texture analysis
Andr� Ricardo Backes; Alexandre Souto Martinez; Odemir Martinez Bruno
Solar DEM Model Proposal : A solar image in color band b, mn pixels,
Solar DEM Model Proposal : A solar image in color band b, m�?n pixels, containing a particular solar 11 )( #12;Solar DEM Model Proposal : the volume (abundance?) of ion ii : the proportion of the total volume at temperature t t T t bitt I i ib MIE 11 )( #12;Solar Dataset · 15 Filters.txt files
Quark deconfinement in protoneutron star cores: effect of color superconductivity within the MIT bag model
We analyze the effect of color superconductivity in the transition from hot hadron matter to quark matter in the presence of a gas of trapped electron neutrinos. To describe strongly interacting matter we adopt a two-phase picture in which the hadronic phase is described by means of a non-linear Walecka model and just deconfined matter through the MIT bag model including color superconductivity. We impose flavor conservation during the transition in such a way that just deconfined quark matter is transitorily out of equilibrium with respect to weak interactions. Our results show that color superconductivity facilitates the transition for temperatures below $T_c$. This effect may be strong if the superconducting gap is large enough. As in previous work we find that trapped neutrinos increase the critical density for deconfinement; however, if the just deconfined phase is color superconducting this effect is weaker than if deconfined matter is unpaired. We also explore the effect of different parametrizations of the hadronic equation of state (GM1 and NL3) and the effect of hyperons in the hadronic phase. We compare our results with those previously obtained employing the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in the description of just deconfined matter and show that they are in excellent agreement if the bag constant $B$ is properly chosen.
Taiza A. S. do Carmo; Germ�n Lugones
Comparative Study of Brightness/Whiteness Using Various Analytical Methods on Coated Papers Containing Colorants
the appearance and optical performance of coated and uncoated papers. There are several different systems in use the UV portion of the illuminant to a constant value, c) a reverse optical system that prevents for the description and specification of color and optical properties of paper, using colorimeters, spectrophotometers
Fleming, Paul D. "Dan"
Local tuning of organic light-emitting diode color by dye droplet application
Local tuning of organic light-emitting diode color by dye droplet application T. R. Hebner and J. C and the spectra of organic light-emitting diodes made from these films can be successfully tuned by this method. S0003-6951 98 01339-4 A main goal of the field of organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs
Spatial Domain Watermarking Scheme for Colored Images Based on Log-average Luminance
In this paper a new watermarking scheme is presented based on log-average luminance. A colored-image is divided into blocks after converting the RGB colored image to YCbCr color space. A monochrome image of 1024 bytes is used as the watermark. To embed the watermark, 16 blocks of size 8X8 are selected and used to embed the watermark image into the original image. The selected blocks are chosen spirally (beginning form the center of the image) among the blocks that have log-average luminance higher than or equal the log-average luminance of the entire image. Each byte of the monochrome watermark is added by updating a luminance value of a pixel of the image. If the byte of the watermark image represented white color (255) a value is added to the image pixel luminance value, if it is black (0) the is subtracted from the luminance value. To extract the watermark, the selected blocks are chosen as the above, if the difference between the luminance value of the watermarked image pixel and the original image pixe...
Hussein, Jamal A
Depth recovery using an adaptive color-guided auto-regressive model
This paper proposes an adaptive color-guided auto-regressive (AR) model for high quality depth recovery from low quality measurements captured by depth cameras. We formulate the depth recovery task into a minimization of AR prediction errors subject ... Keywords: AR model, depth camera, depth recovery, nonlocal filtering
Jingyu Yang; Xinchen Ye; Kun Li; Chunping Hou
Lowering Color Temperature of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ White Light
to light bulbs, which require high durability and low energy consumption. How- ever, for warm white indoorLowering Color Temperature of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ White Light Emitting Diodes Using Reddish Light light emitting diodes LEDs coated with a single phosphor is realized by employing a tunable short wave
Lee, Yong-Hee
Cooling energy savings potential of light-colored roofs for residential and commercial buildings in 11 US metropolitan areas
Light-colored roofs reflect more sunlight than dark roofs, thus they keep buildings cooler and reduce air-conditioning demand. Typical roofs in the United States are dark, which creates a potential for savings energy and money by changing to reflective roofs. In this report, the authors make quantitative estimates of the impact of roof color by simulating prototypical buildings with light- and dark-colored roofs and calculating savings by taking the differences in annual cooling and heating energy use, and peak electricity demand. Monetary savings are calculated using local utility rates. Savings are estimated for 11 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in a variety of climates.
Konopacki, S.; Akbari, H.; Pomerantz, M.; Gabersek, S.; Gartland, L.
What is the meaning of this map's colors | Open Energy Information
What is the meaning of this map's colors What is the meaning of this map's colors Jump to: navigation, search Note -Provided here to describe content - this information will be shown in a pop-up box on the appropriate map pages Commercial Data Access Tiers - Benchmarking Tier 1 Basic data is available by meter or account. Customer does not have access to the last 12 months of data, cannot authorize third-party access to the data, and cannot download the data in a machine-readable format or spreadsheet. Tier 2 Basic data is available by meter or account. Customer has access to the last 12 months of data and can download it in a machine-readable format but may have to pay for one or more of these services. Customer cannot authorize third-party access to the data. Tier 3 Basic data is available by meter and in aggregate for all meters in a
Hadron Collider Production of Massive Color-Octet Vector Bosons at Next-to-Leading Order
This paper completes the study of the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to massive color-octet vector boson production at the LHC and Tevatron. The massive color-octet vector bosons are generically referred to as colorons. Building on our previous calculation of quark-initiated coloron production at NLO, we use the pinch technique to investigate coloron production via gluon fusion. We demonstrate that this one-loop production amplitude is finite, and find that its numerical contribution to coloron production is typically four orders of magnitude smaller than the contribution from quark annihilation. Coloron production via gluon fusion is therefore only relevant if the colorons are (nearly) fermiophobic. We then present extensive plots and tables of our full results for NLO coloron production at the Tevatron and the LHC.
R. Sekhar Chivukula; Arsham Farzinnia; Jing Ren; Elizabeth H. Simmons
Phase diagram of chiral quark matter: Color and electrically neutral Fulde-Ferrell phase
The phase diagram of charge and color neutral two-flavor color superconducting quark matter is studied including the homogeneous two-flavor superconductor (2SC) and the inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell (FF) phases within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The low-temperature domain T{<=}5 MeV of the phase diagram contains the FF phase, which borders at high temperatures to the 2SC phase. The critical temperature of phase transition from the 2SC to the unpaired state is in the range 20-30 MeV. We derive the equation of state of matter and its composition and show that matter in mature compact stars should be in the inhomogeneous FF-like superconducting state. We briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of such a phase in compact stars.
Huang Xuguang [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Sedrakian, Armen [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
Color Superconductivity, Fermionic Quasinormal Modes in Reissner-Nordstr�m-anti-de Sitter Spacetimes and Supersymmetry
We study two fermionic systems that have an underlying supersymmetric structure, namely a color superconductor and Dirac fermion in a Reissner-Nordstr\\"{o}m-anti-de Sitter gravitational background. In the chiral limit of the color superconductor, the localized fermionic zero modes around the vortex form an N=2 with zero central charge $d=1$ quantum algebra, with all the operators being Fredholm. We compute the Witten index of this algebra and we find an unbroken supersymmetry. The fermionic gravitational system in the chiral limit too, has two underlying unbroken N=2, $d=1$ supersymmetric algebras. The unbroken supersymmetry in the later is guaranteed by the existence of fermionic quasinormal modes in the Reissner-Nordstr\\"{o}m-anti-de Sitter background. In this case the operators are not Fredholm and regularized indices are deployed.
V. K. Oikonomou
Field-free orientation of CO molecules by femtosecond two-color laser fields
We report the first experimental observation of non-adiabatic field-free orientation of a heteronuclear diatomic molecule (CO) induced by an intense two-color (800 and 400 nm) femtosecond laser field. We monitor orientation by measuring fragment ion angular distributions after Coulomb explosion with an 800 nm pulse. The orientation of the molecules is controlled by the relative phase of the two-color field. The results are compared to quantum mechanical rigid rotor calculations. The demonstrated method can be applied to study molecular frame dynamics under field-free conditions in conjunction with a variety of spectroscopy methods, such as high-harmonic generation, electron diffraction and molecular frame photoemission.
De, S; Ray, D; Anis, F; Johnson, Nora G; Bocharova, I A; Magrakvelidze, M; Esry, B D; Cocke, C L; Litvinyuk, I V; Kling, M F
Effective hadron theories from a quark model in U(1) and SU( N ) color
This is an extension of the earlier work of Gardner and Moniz (Phys. Rev. C 36, 2504 (1987)) in the context of the quark-exchange model, in which effective hadron theories were constructed and their resulting physical observables were compared to the exact observables defined by the underlying quark model. The earlier U(1) study of the binding energy and form factor of a {ital q}{sup 2}{ital {bar q}} {sup 2} system is augmented, and it is extended in two different ways. First, the momentum distribution in U(1) color is now examined as well, since it is an observable which manifests behavior qualitatively distinct from that of an inert meson description; and, second, the hadronic theory construction is generalized to SU({ital N}) color.
Gardner, S. (Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Instituteof Technology, Cambridge, MA (USA) Laboratory for Nuclear Science Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (USA) Institut fuer Theoretische Physik der Universitaet Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, D-6900 Heidelberg (Federal Republic of Germany))
The influence of temperature on the color of TiO{sub 2}:Cr pigments
TiO{sub 2}:Cr brown pigments were prepared via a polymeric precursor derived from the Pechini method. The pigments were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy, and colorimetry. The increase of the calcination temperature from 700 to 1000 deg. C led to a decrease in the L* values, corresponding to darkening of the pigments. The pigments obtained in this work are darker than those produced by a solid-state reaction method reported before. The change in the pigment color is due to the anatase-rutile phase transition, which leads to a shift in the charge transfer bond (Ti{sup 4+} {r_reversible} O{sup 2-}) due to a change in the crystal field around the chromophore ions. Moreover, the oxidation state of chromium was observed to change, and this also alters the color of the pigments.
Gomes Vieira, Fagner Ticiano; Silva Melo, Danniely [LACOM, Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Cidade Universitaria, Campus I, CEP:58059 900, Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil); Jackson Guedes de Lima, Severino [LSR, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil); Longo, Elson [CMDMC-LIEC, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP (Brazil); Paskocimas, Carlos Alberto [Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN (Brazil); Silva Junior, Wilson [Icra Produtos para Ceramica, Mogi Guacu, SP (Brazil); Gouveia de Souza, Antonio [LACOM, Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Cidade Universitaria, Campus I, CEP:58059 900, Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil); Garcia dos Santos, Ieda Maria [LACOM, Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Cidade Universitaria, Campus I, CEP:58059 900, Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil)], E-mail: email@example.com
Two-color mid-infrared thermometer with a hollow glass optical fiber
We have developed a low-temperature optical-fiber-based two-color infrared thermometer. A single 700-{mu}m-bore hollow glass optical fiber collects and transmits radiation that is then modulated and split into two paths by a reflective optical chopper. Two different thermoelectrically cooled mid-infrared HgCdZnTe photoconductors monitor the chopped signals that are recovered with lock-in amplification. With the two previously obtained blackbody calibration equations, a computer algorithm calculates the true temperature and emissivity of a target in real time, taking into account reflection of the ambient radiation field from the target surface. The small numerical aperture of the hollow glass fiber and the fast response of the detectors, together with the two-color principle, permit high spatial and temporal resolution while allowing the user to dynamically alter the fiber-to-target distance. {copyright} 1998 Optical Society of America
Small, W. IV; Celliers, P.M.; Da Silva, L.B.; Matthews, D.L. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-399, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Soltz, B.A. [Conversion Energy Enterprises, 81 Pinebrook Road, Spring Valley, New York 10977 (United States)
Calculating What's in the Universe from the Biggest Color 3-D Map
Calculating What's Calculating What's in the Universe from the Biggest Color 3-D Map Calculating What's in the Universe from the Biggest Color 3-D Map Berkeley Lab scientists and their Sloan Digital Sky Survey colleagues use galactic brightness to build a precision model of the cosmos January 11, 2012 | Tags: Astrophysics Paul Preuss, +1 510 486 6249, firstname.lastname@example.com This image shows over a million luminous galaxies at redshifts indicating times when the universe was between seven and eleven billion years old, from which the sample in the current studies was selected. (By David Kirkby of the University of California at Irvine and the SDSS collaboration.) Since 2000, the three Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS I, II, III) have surveyed well over a quarter of the night sky and produced the biggest
A new method for determining the plasma electron density using three-color interferometer
A new method for determining the plasma electron density using the fractional fringes on three-color interferometer is proposed. Integrated phase shift on each interferometer is derived without using the temporal history of the fractional fringes. The dependence on the fringe resolution and the electrical noise are simulated on the wavelengths of CO{sub 2} laser. Short-time integrations of the fractional fringes enhance the reliability of this method.
Arakawa, Hiroyuki; Kawano, Yasunori; Itami, Kiyoshi [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0193 (Japan)
The widespread use of solar-reflective roofing materials can save energy, mitigate urban heat islands and slow global warming by cooling the roughly 20% of the urban surface that is roofed. In this study we created prototype solar-reflective nonwhite concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing materials using a two-layer spray coating process intended to maximize both solar reflectance and factory-line throughput. Each layer is a thin, quick-drying, pigmented latex paint based on either acrylic or a poly(vinylidene fluoride)/acrylic blend. The first layer is a titanium dioxide rutile white basecoat that increases the solar reflectance of a gray-cement concrete tile from 0.18 to 0.79, and that of a shingle surfaced with bare granules from 0.06 to 0.62. The second layer is a 'cool' color topcoat with weak near-infrared (NIR) absorption and/or strong NIR backscattering. Each layer dries within seconds, potentially allowing a factory line to pass first under the white spray, then under the color spray. We combined a white basecoat with monocolor topcoats in various shades of red, brown, green and blue to prepare 24 cool color prototype tiles and 24 cool color prototypes shingles. The solar reflectances of the tiles ranged from 0.26 (dark brown; CIELAB lightness value L* = 29) to 0.57 (light green; L* = 76); those of the shingles ranged from 0.18 (dark brown; L* = 26) to 0.34 (light green; L* = 68). Over half of the tiles had a solar reflectance of at least 0.40, and over half of the shingles had a solar reflectance of at least 0.25.
Levinson, Ronnen; Akbari, Hashem; Berdahl, Paul; Wood, Kurt; Skilton, Wayne; Petersheim, Jerry
Cooling our communities: A guidebook on tree planting and light-colored surfacing
This book is a practical guide that presents the current state of knowledge on potential environmental and economic benefits of strategic landscaping and altering surface colors in our communities. The guidebook, reviews the causes, magnitude, and impacts of increased urban warming, then focuses on actions by citizens and communities that can be undertaken to improve the quality of our homes and towns in cost-effective ways.
Akbari, H.; Davis, S.; Huang, J. [eds.] [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Dorsano, S. [ed.] [The Bruce Co., (United States); Winnett, S. [ed.] [Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (United States). Climate Change Div.
Dual-color superresolution imaging of genetically expressed probes within individual
to search for new, spectrally distinct PA-FPs with high on/off contrast ratios to pair with existing PA, Westphal V, Scho¨ nle A, Jahn R, Jakobs S, Eggeling C, Hell SW (2007) Two-color far-field fluorescence:32853290. 14. Bock H, Geisler C, Wurm CA, von Middendorff C, Jakobs S, Scho¨ nle A, Egner A, Hell SW, Eggeling
Eddy, Sean
Equilibration of anisotropic quark-gluon plasma produced by decays of color flux tubes
A set of kinetic equations is used to study equilibration of the anisotropic quark-gluon plasma produced by decays of color flux tubes possibly created at the very early stages of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The decay rates of the initial color fields are given by the Schwinger formula, and the collision terms are treated in the relaxation-time approximation. By connecting the relaxation time with viscosity we are able to study production and thermalization processes in the plasma characterized by different values of the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, eta/s. For the lowest (KSS) value of this ratio, 4 pi eta/s = 1, and realistic initial conditions for the fields, the system approaches the viscous-hydrodynamics regime within 1-2 fm/c. On the other hand, for larger values of the viscosity, 4 pi eta/s greater or equal to 3, the collisions in the plasma become inefficient to destroy collective phenomena which manifest themselves as oscillations of different plasma parameters. The presence of such oscillations brings in differences between the kinetic and hydrodynamic descriptions, which suggest that the viscous-hydrodynamics approach after 1-2 fm/c is not complete if 4 pi eta/s is greater or equal to 3 and should be extended to include dissipative phenomena connected with color conductivity.
Radoslaw Ryblewski; Wojciech Florkowski
Color transparency after the NE18 and E665 experiments: Outllok and perspectives at CEBAF
CEBAF is a high-luminocity factory of virtual photons with variable virtuality $Q^{2}$ and transverse size. This makes CEBAF, in particular after the energy upgrade to (8-12)GeV, an ideal facility for uncovering new phenomena, and opening new windows, at the interface of the perturbative and nonperturbative QCD. We discuss color transparency as the case for a broad program on electroproduction of vector mesons $\\rho^{0},\\,\\omega^{0},\\,\\phi^{0}$ and their radial excitations $\\rho',\\,\\omega',\\,\\phi'$ at CEBAF. We also comment on the second generation of experiments on color transparency in $^{4}He(e,e'p)$ scattering, which are also feasible at CEBAF. In 1994, we can make more reliable projections into future because our understanding of the onset of color transparency has greatly been augmented by two experiments completed in 1993:\\\\ i) no effect of CT was seen in the SLAC NE18 experiment on $A(e,e'p)$ scattering at virtualities of the exchanged photon $Q^{2} \\lsim 7$ GeV$^{2}$, \\\\ ii) strong signal of CT was observed in the FNAL E665 experiment on exclusive $\\rho^{0}$- meson production in deep inelastic scattering in the same range of $Q^{2}$. \\\\ We discuss the impact of these observations on the CEBAF experimental program. We argue they both are good news, both were anticipated theoretically, and both rule in the correct QCD mechanism of the onset of CT.
J. Nemchik; N. N. Nikolaev; B. G. Zakharov
Improved visual detection of moving objects in astronomical images using color intensity projections with hue cycling
While fully automated methods for detecting faint moving objects in astronomical images - such as Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) - are constantly improving, visual detection still has a role to play especially when the fixed background is cluttered with stars. Color intensity projections (CIPs) using hue cycling - which combines a sequence of greyscale images into a single color image - aids in the visual detection of moving objects by highlighting them using color in an intuitive way. To demonstrate the usefulness of CIPs in detecting faint moving objects a sequence of 16 images from the SuprimeCam camera of the Subaru telescope were combined into a CIPs image. As well has making even faint moving objects easier to visually detect against a cluttered background, CCD artefacts were also more easily recognisable. The new Hyper SuprimeCam for the Subaru telescope - which will allow many short exposure images to be acquired with little dead time between images - should provide ideal data for use with the CIPs algori...
Cover, Keith S
The First Systematic Study of Type Ibc Supernova Multi-color Light-curves
We present detailed optical photometry for 25 Type Ibc supernovae within d~150 Mpc obtained with the robotic Palomar 60-inch telescope in 2004-2007. This study represents the first uniform, systematic, and statistical sample of multi-color SNe Ibc light-curves available to date. We correct the light-curves for host galaxy extinction using a new technique based on the photometric color evolution, namely, we show that the (V-R) color of extinction-corrected SNe Ibc at t~10 days after V-band maximum is tightly distributed, (V-R)=0.26+-0.06 mag. Using this technique, we find that SNe Ibc typically suffer from significant host galaxy extinction, E(B-V)~0.4 mag. A comparison of the extinction-corrected light-curves for SNe Ib and Ic reveals that they are statistically indistinguishable, both in luminosity and decline rate. We report peak absolute magnitudes of M_R=-17.9+-0.9 mag and M_R=-18.3+-0.6 mag for SNe Ib and Ic, respectively. Focusing on the broad-lined SNe Ic, we find that they are more luminous than the n...
Drout, Maria R; Gal-Yam, A; Cenko, S B; Fox, D B; Leonard, D C; Sand, D J; Moon, D -S; Arcavi, I; Green, Y
Investigation about the effects of exterior surface paint color on temperature development in aboveground pipeline
A practical analytical model for predicting temperature development of incompressible flow inside an aboveground pipeline has been constructed and presented in this research work. The outer surface of the pipeline is exposed to solar radiation and wind stream. The radiation heat exchange with ambient is also taken into account. The effects of exterior surface paint color represented by emissivity and absorptivity, have been studied. The model has been developed to study crude oil flow temperature development through a specific pipeline. The results obtained by the model show that the bulk temperature inclined to a limiting value in some distance which affected mainly by Reynolds numbers. It is found that emissivity and absorptivity of surface are predominant parameters in temperature development in an aboveground pipeline flow which can increase or decrease pipe surface and fluid temperature especially for low Reynolds number flow. Based on the results which indicated significantly of exterior surface paint color, one should choose the paint color by considering its effects on temperature development. (author)
Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood; Rasekh, Alireza; Nabati, Amin; Saadat, Morteza [Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Two-Color Self-Seeding at LCLS | Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Two-Color Self-Seeding at LCLS Two-Color Self-Seeding at LCLS Wednesday, September 18, 2013 - 3:00pm SLAC, Redtail Hawk Conference Room 108A Franz-Josef Decker, Accelerator Directorate The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) produces typically SASE FEL pulses with intensities of up to 5 mJ and at high photon energy an FEL bandwidth 0.2% (FWHM). Self-seeding with a diamond crystal reduces the bandwidth by a factor of 10 to 40. The range depends on which Bragg reflection is used, or the special setup of the electron beam like over-compression. The peak intensity level is lower by a factor of only five, giving the seeded beam an advantage of about 2.5 in average intensity over the use of a monochromator with SASE. At certain energies and crystal angles different Bragg lines cross which allows seeding at two or even three different colors inside the bandwidth
Three-color organic light-emitting diodes patterned by masked dye Florian Pschenitzka and J. C. Sturma)
Three-color organic light-emitting diodes patterned by masked dye diffusion Florian Pschenitzka of Physics. S0003-6951 99 02913-7 Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs have demon- strated a remarkable
Use of a Neurovariational Inversion for Retrieving Oceanic and Atmospheric Constituents from Ocean Color Imagery: A Feasibility Study
This paper presents a neurovariational method for inverting satellite ocean-color signals. The method is based on a combination of neural networks and classical variational inversion. The radiative transfer equations are modeled by neural ...
C. Jamet; S. Thiria; C. Moulin; M. Crepon
Artistic rendering to represent quality of information
The representation of information quality, also known as "verity visualization," can be explained as a judgment of the accuracy of specific information in a dataset relative to the whole. The visualization of information quality is an important factor ...
Katharine H. Wray
Revisiting parallel rendering for shared memory machines
Increasing the core count of CPUs to increase computational performance has been a significant trend for the better part of a decade. This has led to an unprecedented availability of large shared memory machines. Programming paradigms and systems are ...
B. Nouanesengsy; J. Ahrens; J. Woodring; H. Shen
Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure...
Rendering Wave Effects with Augmented Light Field
Ray�based representations can model complex light transport but are limited in modeling diffraction effects that require the simulation of wavefront propagation. This paper provides a new paradigm that has the simplicity ...
Raskar, Ramesh
Color Charge
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Central and Satellite Colors in Galaxy Groups: A Comparison of the Halo Model and SDSS Group Catalogs
Current analytic and semi-analytic dark matter halo models distinguish between the central galaxy in a halo and the satellite galaxies in halo substructures. It is expected that galaxy properties are correlated with host halo mass, and that central galaxies tend to be the most luminous, massive, and reddest galaxies in halos while the satellites around them are fainter and bluer. Using a recent halo-model description of the color dependence of galaxy clustering (Skibba & Sheth 2008), we investigate the colors of central and satellite galaxies predicted by the model and compare them to those of two galaxy group catalogs constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Yang et al. 2007, Berlind et al. 2006a). In the model, the environmental dependence of galaxy color is determined by that of halo mass, and the predicted color mark correlations were shown to be consistent with SDSS measurements. The model assumes that satellites tend to follow a color-magnitude sequence that approaches the red sequence at bright luminosities; the model�s success suggests that bright satellites tend to be �red and dead � while the star formation in fainter ones is in the process of being quenched. In both the model and the SDSS group catalogs, we find that at fixed luminosity or stellar mass, central galaxies tend to be bluer than satellites. In contrast, at fixed group richness or halo mass, central galaxies tend to be redder than satellites, and galaxy colors become redder with increasing mass. We also compare the central and satellite galaxy color distributions, as a function of luminosity and as a function of richness, in the model and in the two group catalogs. Except for faint galaxies and small groups, the model and both group catalogs are in very good agreement.
Ramin A. Skibba
The J - K{sub s} color distributions (CDs) with a bin size of 0.05 mag has been carried out for the entire Milky Way using the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). The CDs are bimodal, with a red peak at 0.8 < J - K{sub s} < 0.85 and a blue peak at 0.3 < J - K{sub s} < 0.4. The colors of the red peak are more or less the same for the whole sky, but those of the blue peak depend on Galactic latitude (J - K{sub s} {approx} 0.35 at low Galactic latitudes and 0.35 < J - K{sub s} < 0.4 for other sky areas). The blue peak dominates the bimodal CDs at low Galactic latitudes and becomes comparable with the red peak in other sky regions. In order to explain the bimodal distribution and the global trend shown by the all-sky 2MASS CDs, we assemble an empirical Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram, which is composed of observational-based near-infrared H-R diagrams and color-magnitude diagrams, and incorporate a Milky Way model. In the empirical H-R diagram, the main-sequence turn-off for stars in the thin disk is relatively bluer, (J - K{sub s} ){sub 0} = 0.31, compared with that of the thick disk which is (J - K{sub s} ){sub 0} = 0.39. The age of the thin/thick disk is roughly estimated to be around 4-5/8-9 Gyr according to the color-age relation of the main-sequence turn-off. In general, the 2MASS CDs can be treated as a tool to measure the age of the stellar population of the Milky Way in a statistical manner and to our knowledge it is the first attempt to do so.
Chang, Chan-Kao; Lai, Shao-Yu; Peng, Ting-Hung [Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan (China); Ko, Chung-Ming, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Astronomy, Department of Physics and Center of Complex Systems, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan (China)
Engineering task plan for Tanks 241-AN-103, 104, 105 color video camera systems
This Engineering Task Plan (ETP) describes the design, fabrication, assembly, and installation of the video camera systems into the vapor space within tanks 241-AN-103, 104, and 105. The one camera remotely operated color video systems will be used to observe and record the activities within the vapor space. Activities may include but are not limited to core sampling, auger activities, crust layer examination, monitoring of equipment installation/removal, and any other activities. The objective of this task is to provide a single camera system in each of the tanks for the Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program.
Kohlman, E.H.
Locating strongly coupled color superconductivity using universality and experiments with trapped ultracold atoms
Cold fermionic atoms are known to enter the universal strongly coupled regime as their scattering length $a$ gets large compared to the inter-particle distances. Recent experimental data provide important critical parameters of such system. We argue that quarks may enter the same regime due to marginal binding of diquarks, and if so one can use its universality in order to deduce such properties as the slope of the critical line of color superconductivity, $dT_c/d\\mu$. We further discuss limitations on the critical temperature itself and conclude that it is limited by $T_c<70\\, MeV$.
E. V. Shuryak
Error Threshold for Color Codes and Random 3-Body Ising Models
We study the error threshold of color codes, a class of topological quantum codes that allow a direct implementation of quantum Clifford gates suitable for entanglement distillation, teleportation and fault-tolerant quantum computation. We map the error-correction process onto a statistical mechanical random 3-body Ising model and study its phase diagram via Monte Carlo simulations. The obtained error threshold of p_c = 0.109(2) is very close to that of Kitaev's toric code, showing that enhanced computational capabilities does not necessarily imply lower resistance to noise.
Helmut G. Katzgraber; H. Bombin; M. A. Martin-Delgado
Katzgraber, Helmut G; Mart�n-Delgado, M A
Brown is the color of many things: a collection of short stories
The purpose of my thesis is to demonstrate a grasp of the techniques covered in Creative Writing workshops and lectures. The thesis consists of two parts-the critical introduction and the creative body. In the critical introduction, I locate my work within the Modernist literary tradition that has influenced my writing. The importance of this critical introduction should not be underestimated. However, the real test of my understanding lies in the creative body that follows, for there I put to good use the techniques. The creative body is a collection of short stories that captures the dichotomy of the common, yet distinct "encounters'' between the East and the West. This creative text renders the conflict within and among characters having roots in two different cultures. The central consciousness occupies this space between cultures a sort of limbo. All the stories refute such stereotypes of the East as an exotic land of karma and the West as only the hub of commercialism. In this sense, my writing reflects the voice of Indian writers in English. Yet, the collection does not define me as merely an "Indian writer in English.'' The symbolical representation of the human condition, along with the narrative technique adopted in the stories, places my work within the Modernist literary tradition of fragmentation, alienation, and subjective reality--elements that appeal to different audiences through their questioning of identity, security, and conditioned responses to life.
Gupta, Chandralekha
Lactate dehydrogenase regulation of the metmyoglobin reducing system to improve color stability of bovine muscles through lactate enhancement
The primary objectives of this research were to characterize the involvement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in color stability of physiologically different bovine muscles, and to investigate the influence of lactate enhancement on the myoglobin redox state of bovine muscles. In experiment 1, three different bovine muscles; Longissimus lumborum (LD), Semimembranosus (SM), Psoas major (PM) were (n=7 respectively) cut into steaks, and displayed for 7 days. Instrumental color, LDH-B, LDH isozyme expression, and NADH were measured. In experiment 2, strip steaks (n=8) were cut into half, and one side was injected with oxamate (LDH inhibitor), and the other was injected with water. Surface color, LDH, and NADH were measured after 10 days. In experiment 3, the three bovine muscles (n=10) were enhanced with solutions containing lactate and/or phosphate. Steaks were stored and displayed for 14 days. Instrumental color, LDH-B, total reducing activity (TRA), and NADH were measured. In experiment 4, fifteen beef strip loins were divided individually into four equal sections, and one of six treatments containing phosphate and/or calcium lactate with or without irradiation (2.4 kGy) randomly assigned to each loin section (n=10). Steaks were packaged in highoxygen modified atmosphere package, irradiated, stored in the dark at 1�C for 14 days. Instrumental color, TRA, lipid oxidation, and NADH were measured. LD remained the most red, whereas PM was most discolored. LD had a significantly higher level of LDH-1 responsible for LDH-B activity as compared to SM and PM. Consequently, LD had a higher LDH-B, and more NADH (p < 0.05). Inclusion of oxamate inhibited LDH-B, decreased NADH, and consequently discolored more. Potassium lactate enhancement led to more NADH through elevated LDH flux and subsequently increased (p < 0.05) color stability of LD and PM throughout display. Loins with calcium lactate/phosphate maintained the most stable red color during display. Calcium lactate/phosphate in loins increased NADH concentration, TRA, and were the least oxidized over display. These results confirm the involvement of LDH in meat color stability through replenishment of NADH. Lactate enhancement promotes meat color stability by providing superior antioxidant capacity and increased reducing activity of myoglobin by elevating NADH concentration.
Kim, Yuan Hwan
REVEALING VELOCITY DISPERSION AS THE BEST INDICATOR OF A GALAXY's COLOR, COMPARED TO STELLAR MASS, SURFACE MASS DENSITY, OR MORPHOLOGY
Using data of nearby galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey we investigate whether stellar mass (M{sub star}), central velocity dispersion ({sigma}), surface mass density ({Sigma}), or the Sersic n parameter is best correlated with a galaxy's rest-frame color. Specifically, we determine how the mean color of galaxies varies with one parameter when another is fixed. When M{sub star} is fixed we see that strong trends remain with all other parameters, whereas residual trends are weaker when {Sigma}, n, or {sigma} is fixed. Overall {sigma} is the best indicator of a galaxy's typical color, showing the largest residual color dependence when any of the other three parameters are fixed, and M{sub star} is the poorest. Other studies have indicated that both the central black hole mass and possibly host dark matter halo properties (mass or concentration) are also better correlated with {sigma} than with M{sub star}, {Sigma}, or n. Therefore, it could be the case that the strong correlation between color and {sigma} reflects an underlying relationship between a galaxy's star formation history and/or present star formation rate and the properties of its dark matter halo and/or the feedback from its central supermassive black hole.
Wake, David A.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); Franx, Marijn [Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, NL-2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands)
Single-photon emission from Ni-related color centers in CVD diamond
Color centers in diamond are very promising candidates among the possible realizations for practical single-photon sources because of their long-time stable emission at room temperature. The popular nitrogen-vacancy center shows single-photon emission, but within a large, phonon-broadened spectrum (~100nm), which strongly limits its applicability for quantum communication. By contrast, Ni-related centers exhibit narrow emission lines at room temperature. We present investigations on single color centers consisting of Ni and Si created by ion implantation into single crystalline IIa diamond. We use systematic variations of ion doses between 10^8/cm^2 and 10^14/cm^2 and energies between 30keV and 1.8MeV. The Ni-related centers show emission in the near infrared spectral range (~770nm to 787nm) with a small line-width (~3nm FWHM). A measurement of the intensity correlation function proves single-photon emission. Saturation measurements yield a rather high saturation count rate of 77.9 kcounts/s. Polarization dependent measurements indicate the presence of two orthogonal dipoles.
David Steinmetz; Elke Neu; Christian Hepp; Roland Albrecht; Wolfgang Bolse; Jan Meijer; Detlef Rogalla; Christoph Becher
Improving the Quality of Alerts and Predicting Intruder's Next Goal with Hidden Colored Petri-Net
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) often provide poor quality alerts, which are insufficient to support rapid identification of ongoing attacks or predict an intruder�s next likely goal. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to alert post-processing and correlation, the Hidden Colored Petri-Net (HCPN). Different from most other alert correlation methods, our approach treats the alert correlation problem as an inference problem rather than a filter problem. Our approach assumes that the intruder�s actions are unknown to the IDS and can be inferred only from the alerts generated by the IDS sensors. HCPN can describe the relationship between different steps carried out by intruders, model observations (alerts) and transitions (actions) separately, and associate each token element (system state) with a probability (or confidence). The model is an extension to Colored Petri-Net (CPN) .It is so called �hidden� because the transitions (actions) are not directly observable but can be inferred by looking through the observations (alerts). These features make HCPN especially suitable for discovering intruders� actions from their partial observations (alerts,) and predicting intruders� next goal. Our experiments on DARPA evaluation datasets and the attack scenarios from the Grand Challenge Problem (GCP) show that HCPN has promise as a way to reducing false positives and negatives, predicting intruder�s next possible action, uncovering intruders� intrusion strategies after the attack scenario has happened, and providing confidence scores.
Yu, Dong; Frincke, Deb A.
Reduction of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth with cocktail color irradiation
A novel method for reducing the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) growth in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets is reported. It is well known that high-density compression of ICF targets is potentially prevented by the RTI. Previous studies [K. Shigemori et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 250 (1997), S. G. Glendinning et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3318 (1997), and H. Azechi et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 4079 (1997)] have indicated that nonlocal electron heat transport enhances the effect on the ablative stabilization of the RTI growth with long wavelength laser irradiation. Planar target experiments, using a small fraction of a long wavelength laser ({lambda}=0.53 or 1.05 {mu}m) in addition to the main drive laser ({lambda}=0.35 {mu}m), were conducted to verify the RTI reduction by inducing the effect of the nonlocal electron heat transport. The measured RTI growth rate for this ''cocktail-color'' laser irradiation was clearly reduced from that for the ''single-color'' short-wavelength laser irradiation. The experimental growth factors are in good agreement with the ablative RTI formula coupled with a one-dimensional Fokker-Planck simulation code.
Otani, K.; Shigemori, K.; Sakaiya, T.; Fujioka, S.; Sunahara, A.; Nakai, M.; Shiraga, H.; Azechi, H.; Mima, K. [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)
Bio-optical profiling floats as new observational tools for biogeochemical and ecosystem studies: Potential synergies with ocean color remote sensing
an autonomous float and ocean color satellite. Limnology andoxygen in the subtropical ocean. Nature, 451, 323-325. 15.M. (2005). Carbon-based ocean productivity and phytoplankton
Claustre, H.
Genetic Diversity of White Tigers and Genetic Factors Related to Coat Color
White tigers are greatly cherished by the public, making them valuable to zoos and breeders. Unfortunately, a number of health issues have occasionally surfaced within some of the white tiger population such as neurological and facial defects. There is interest amongst private tiger breeders to determine if these maladies are associated with the coat color or breeding practices, and to find ways to prevent these health issues. The genes involved in producing the white phenotype and the disease phenotype are currently unknown. Furthermore, the relationship between the genes associated with coat color and levels of inbreeding also remain unknown. Microsatellites are a tool frequently used by geneticists and ecologists alike. These segments of highly repeatable DNA mutate frequently and are variable in length. Thus microsatellites can be used to determine heterozygosity within a population by detecting the alleles present at the loci of interest. The amount of heterozygosity within a population can be indicative of the amount of inbreeding present and overall levels of genetic diversity. A panel of twelve microsatellites was used to analyze heterozygosity, thus inferring the levels of genetic diversity present. Among the tigers sampled, estimated heterozygosity was determined to be 0.761 in white tigers and 0.772 in orange tigers. The genes Melanocortin-1-Receptor (MC1R) and Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) have been found to affect coat color phenotypes in other species similar to that of the white tiger, making them ideal candidates for this project. These genes work antagonistically to each other in production of melanin. MC1R is responsible for the production of ?-melanocyte stimulating hormone (?-MSH) while ASIP silences this activity. Thus, a loss-of-function associated with MC1R or a gain-of-function associated with ASIP could lead to reduced pigment production. This study continues the initial investigation by focusing on sequencing MC1R. Differences in the nucleotides and amino acids of the sequences were compared through alignment in Sequencher. At this time a causal mutation has not been found within exons 1 and 2 of ASIP or MC1R.
Carney, Sara Elizabeth
Solid tags for identifying failed reactor components
A solid tag material which generates stable detectable, identifiable, and measurable isotopic gases on exposure to a neutron flux to be placed in a nuclear reactor component, particularly a fuel element, in order to identify the reactor component in event of its failure. Several tag materials consisting of salts which generate a multiplicity of gaseous isotopes in predetermined ratios are used to identify different reactor components.
Bunch, Wilbur L. (Richland, WA); Schenter, Robert E. (Richland, WA)
Assured Reconfiguration of Fail-Stop Systems
Hardware dependability improvements have led to a situation in which it is sometimes unnecessary to employ extensive hardware replication to mask hardware faults. Expanding upon our previous work on assured reconfiguration for single processes and building ...
Elisabeth A. Strunk; John C. Knight; M. Anthony Aiello
Hamiltonian Thermostats Fail to Promote Heat Flow
Hamiltonian mechanics can be used to constrain temperature simultaneously with energy. We illustrate the interesting situations that develop when two different temperatures are imposed within a composite Hamiltonian system. The model systems we treat are "phi-4" chains, with quartic tethers and quadratic nearest-neighbor Hooke's-law interactions. This model is known to satisfy Fourier's law. Our prototypical problem sandwiches a Newtonian subsystem between hot and cold Hamiltonian reservoir regions. We have characterized four different Hamiltonian reservoir types. There is no tendency for any of these two-temperature Hamiltonian simulations to transfer heat from the hot to the cold degrees of freedom. Evidently steady heat flow simulations require energy sources and sinks, and are therefore incompatible with Hamiltonian mechanics.
Wm. G. Hoover; Carol G. Hoover
PDSF FAQ - Why are my logins failing?
your login failures on all NERSC systems. - Your account might have been "security disabled" by NERSC staff for some reason. If you were not notified of this it probably isn't...
Unlocking the Nanoscale Secrets of Bird-Feather Colors | Advanced Photon
An Unlikely Route to Ferroelectricity An Unlikely Route to Ferroelectricity How to Make a Splash Pressure-Tuning the Quantum Phase Transition in a Model 2-D Magnet Reappearing Superconductivity Surprises Scientists Manipulating Genes with Hidden TALENs Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Unlocking the Nanoscale Secrets of Bird-Feather Colors MAY 18, 2012 Bookmark and Share This collage shows the ring-shaped, isotropic x-ray diffraction pattern and electron microscope cross-section of the three-dimensional amorphous or quasi-ordered biophotonic nanostructure in spongy medullary feather barbs responsible for the vivid turquoise plumage of the Plum-throated Cotinga
Composition and stability of hybrid stars with hyperons and quark color-superconductivity
The recent measurement of 1.97 solar mass pulsar places a stringent lower bound on the maximum mass of compact stars and thus challenges the existence of any agents which soften the equation of state of ultra-dense matter. We address the question whether hyperons and/or quark matter can be accommodated in massive compact stars by constructing an equation of state based on a combination of phenomenological relativistic hyper-nuclear density functional and an effective model of QCD (the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model). Stable configurations are obtained with M < 1.97M_{\\sun} featuring hyper-nuclear and quark matter in color superconducting state if the equation of state of nuclear matter is stiff above the saturation density, the transition to quark matter takes place at a few times the nuclear saturation density, and the repulsive vector interactions in quark matter are substantial.
Bonanno, Luca
The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Deep Field polarization study has been matched with the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic Survey of the European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory Survey North 1 field. We have used Very Large Array observations with a total intensity rms of 87 {mu}Jy beam{sup -1} to match SWIRE counterparts to the radio sources. Infrared color analysis of our radio sample shows that the majority of polarized sources are elliptical galaxies with an embedded active galactic nucleus. Using available redshift catalogs, we found 429 radio sources of which 69 are polarized with redshifts in the range of 0.04 < z < 3.2. We find no correlation between redshift and percentage polarization for our sample. However, for polarized radio sources, we find a weak correlation between increasing percentage polarization and decreasing luminosity.
Banfield, Julie K.; George, Samuel J.; Taylor, A. Russ; Stil, Jeroen M. [Institute for Space Imaging Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 (Canada); Kothes, Roland [Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9 (Canada); Scott, Douglas [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
Engineering task plan for flammable gas atmosphere mobile color video camera systems
This Engineering Task Plan (ETP) describes the design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of the mobile video camera systems. The color video camera systems will be used to observe and record the activities within the vapor space of a tank on a limited exposure basis. The units will be fully mobile and designed for operation in the single-shell flammable gas producing tanks. The objective of this tank is to provide two mobile camera systems for use in flammable gas producing single-shell tanks (SSTs) for the Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program. The camera systems will provide observation, video recording, and monitoring of the activities that occur in the vapor space of applied tanks. The camera systems will be designed to be totally mobile, capable of deployment up to 6.1 meters into a 4 inch (minimum) riser.
Spectral Linewidth Narrowing and Tunable Two-Color Laser Operation of Two Diode Laser Arrays
We propose and implement a common external cavity to narrow spectral linewidth of two broad-area laser diode arrays (LDAs) and align their center wavelengths. The locked center wavelength of two LDAs can be tuned in the range of {approx}10 nm by tuning the tilted angle of the diffraction grating. The output beams of two LDAs are spatially overlapped through the polarization beam splitter of the common external cavity, and the total output power equals the power of two LDAs. The center wavelength of each LDA can be independently tuned by shifting the corresponding fast-axis collimation lens. As a result, the high-power two-color LDA operation is demonstrated with the tunable wavelength difference of up to 2 nm ({approx}1 THz).
Liu, Bo [ORNL; Braiman, Yehuda [ORNL
Nonperturbative enhancement of heavy quark-pair production in a strong SU(2) color field
Nonperturbative charm and bottom quark-pair production is investigated in the early stage of heavy-ion collisions. The time-dependent study is based on a kinetic description of fermion-pair production in strong non-Abelian fields. We introduce a time-dependent chromo-electric external field with a pulselike time evolution to simulate the overlap of two colliding heavy ions. The calculations is performed in a SU(2) color model with finite current quark masses. Yields of heavy quark pairs are compared to the ones of light and strange quark pairs. We show that the small inverse duration time of the field pulse determines the efficiency of the quark-pair production. The expected suppression for heavy quark production, as follows from the Schwinger formula for a constant field, is not seen, but rather an enhanced heavy quark production appears at ultrarelativistic energies.
Levai, Peter; Skokov, Vladimir [KFKI RMKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest 1525 (Hungary); Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt (Germany)
Color fluctuation approximation for multiple interactions in leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing
The leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing predicts the shadowing correction to nuclear parton distributions at small $x$ by connecting it to the leading twist hard diffraction in electron-nucleon scattering. The uncertainties of the predictions are related to the shadowing effects resulting from the interaction of the hard probe with $N \\ge 3$ nucleons. We argue that the pattern of hard diffraction observed at HERA allows one to reduce these uncertainties. We develop a new approach to the treatment of these multiple interactions, which is based on the concept of the color fluctuations and accounts for the presence of both point-like and hadron-like configurations in the virtual photon wave function. Using the developed framework, we update our predictions for the leading twist nuclear shadowing in nuclear parton distributions of heavy nuclei at small $x$.
V. Guzey; M. Strikman
A proposal for a generation of two-color ultra-short x-ray pulses
3 3 A proposal for a generation of two-color ultra-short x-ray pulses * Alexander Zholents Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL 60439 * Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE- AC02-06CH11357. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare
Image fusion algorithms for color and gray level images based on LCLS method and novel artificial neural network
In this paper, two neural image fusion algorithms for color and gray level images are proposed. These algorithms are based on a linearly constrained least square (LCLS) method and a novel projection recurrent artificial neural network. The theoretical ... Keywords: Image fusion, LCLS method, Neural networks, Real-time applications, Stability and convergence analysis
Alaeddin Malek; Maryam Yashtini
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Luminosity and Color Dependence and Redshift Evolution
We measure the luminosity and color dependence and the redshift evolution of galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Ninth Data Release. We focus on the projected two-point correlation function (2PCF) of subsets of its CMASS sample, which includes about 260,000 galaxies over ~3,300 sq. deg in the redshift range 0.43color subsamples by carefully accounting for the CMASS galaxy selection cuts. The 2PCF of the whole CMASS sample, if approximated by a power-law, has a correlation length of r_0=7.93\\pm0.06Mpc/h and an index of \\gamma=1.85\\pm0.01. Clear dependences on galaxy luminosity and color are found for the projected 2PCF in all redshift bins, with more luminous and redder galaxies generally exhibiting stronger clustering and steeper 2PCF. The color dependence is also clearly seen for galaxies within the red sequence, consistent with the behavior o...
Guo, Hong; Zheng, Zheng; Weinberg, David H; Berlind, Andreas A; Blanton, Michael; Chen, Yanmei; Eisenstein, Daniel J; Ho, Shirley; Kazin, Eyal; Manera, Marc; Maraston, Claudia; McBride, Cameron K; Nuza, Sebastian E; Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Parejko, John K; Percival, Will J; Ross, Ashley J; Ross, Nicholas P; Samushia, Lado; Sanchez, Ariel G; Schlegel, David J; Schneider, Donald P; Skibba, Ramin A; Swanson, Molly E C; Tinker, Jeremy L; Tojeiro, Rita; Wake, David A; White, Martin; Bahcall, Neta A; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Bundy, Kevin; da Costa, Luiz N A; Ebelke, Garrett; Malanushenko, Viktor; Malanushenko, Elena; Oravetz, Daniel; Rossi, Graziano; Simmons, Audrey; Snedden, Stephanie; Streblyanska, Alina; Thomas, Daniel
SU(N) group-theory constraints on color-ordered five-point amplitudes at all loop orders
Color-ordered amplitudes for the scattering of n particles in the adjoint representation of SU(N) gauge theory satisfy constraints arising solely from group theory. We derive these constraints for n=5 at all loop orders using an iterative approach. These constraints generalize well-known tree-level and one-loop group theory relations.
Alexander C. Edison; Stephen G. Naculich
Edison, Alexander C
Color transformations and bolometric corrections for Galactic halo stars: alpha-enhanced vs scaled-solar results
We have performed the first extensive analysis of the impact of an [alpha/Fe]>0 metal distribution on broadband colors in the parameter space (surface gravity, effective temperature, metal content) covered by Galactic globular cluster stars.A comparison of updated and homogeneous ATLAS9 UBVRIJHKL synthetic photometry, for both alpha-enhanced and scaled-solar metal distributions, has shown that it is impossible to reproduce alpha-enhanced (B-V) and (U-B) color transformations with simple rescalings of the scaled-solar ones. At [Fe/H]$\\sim -$2.0 alpha-enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar ones with the same [Fe/H], but this good agreement breaks down at [Fe/H] larger than about -1.6.As a general rule, (B-V) and (U-B) alpha-enhanced colors are bluer than scaled-solar ones at either the same [Fe/H] or [M/H], and the differences increase with increasing metallicity and decreasing T_eff. A preliminary analysis of the contribution of the various alpha elements to the stellar colors shows that the magnesium abundance (and to lesser extent oxygen and silicon) is the main responsible for these differences. On the contrary, the bolometric correction to the V band and more infrared colors predicted by alpha-enhanced transformations are well reproduced by scaled-solar results, due to their weak dependence on the metal content.Key parameters like the Turn Off and Zero Age Horizontal Branch V magnitudes, as well as the red Giant Branch tip I magnitude obtained from theoretical isochrones are in general unaffected when using the appropriate alpha-enhanced transformations in place of scaled-solar ones. We have also studied the effect of boundary conditions obtained from appropriate alpha-enhanced model atmospheres on the evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram.
Santi Cassisi; Maurizio Salaris; Fiorella Castelli; Adriano Pietrinferni
Solar process water heat for the Iris Images Custom Color Photo Lab. Final report
This is the final technical report of the solar facility locted at Iris Images Custom Photo Laboratory in Mill Valley, California. It was designed to provide 59 percent of the hot water requirements for developing photographic film and domestic hot water use. The design load is to provide 6 gallons of hot water per minute for 8 hours per working day at 100/sup 0/F. It has 640 square feet of flat plate collectors and 360 gallons of hot water storage. The auxiliary back up system is a conventional gas-fired water heater. Freeze protection in this mild climate was originally provided by closed-loop circulation of hot water from the storage tank. Later this was changed to a drain-down system due to a freeze when electrical power failed. This system has been relatively successful with little or no scheduled maintenance. The site and building description, subsystem description, as-built drawings, cost breakdown and analysis, performance analysis, lessons learned, and the operation and maintenance manual are included.
We present evidence that the incidence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the distribution of their accretion rates do not depend on the stellar masses of their host galaxies, contrary to previous studies. We use hard (2-10 keV) X-ray data from three extragalactic fields (XMM-LSS, COSMOS, and ELAIS-S1) with redshifts from the Prism Multi-object Survey to identify 242 AGNs with L{sub 2-10keV} = 10{sup 42-44} erg s{sup -1} within a parent sample of {approx}25,000 galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.0 over {approx}3.4 deg{sup 2} and to i {approx} 23. We find that although the fraction of galaxies hosting an AGN at fixed X-ray luminosity rises strongly with stellar mass, the distribution of X-ray luminosities is independent of mass. Furthermore, we show that the probability that a galaxy will host an AGN can be defined by a universal Eddington ratio distribution that is independent of the host galaxy stellar mass and has a power-law shape with slope -0.65. These results demonstrate that AGNs are prevalent at all stellar masses in the range 9.5< log M{sub *}/M{sub sun}<12 and that the same physical processes regulate AGN activity in all galaxies in this stellar mass range. While a higher AGN fraction may be observed in massive galaxies, this is a selection effect related to the underlying Eddington ratio distribution. We also find that the AGN fraction drops rapidly between z {approx} 1 and the present day and is moderately enhanced (factor {approx}2) in galaxies with blue or green optical colors. Consequently, while AGN activity and star formation appear to be globally correlated, we do not find evidence that the presence of an AGN is related to the quenching of star formation or the color transformation of galaxies.
Aird, James; Coil, Alison L.; Moustakas, John; Smith, M. Stephen M. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 (United States); Blanton, Michael R.; Zhu Guangtun [Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 (United States); Burles, Scott M. [D.E. Shaw and Co., L.P., 20400 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 850, Cupertino, CA 95014 (United States); Cool, Richard J. [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Eisenstein, Daniel J. [Harvard College Observatory, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Wong, Kenneth C. [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)
Identification and confirmation of molecular markers and orange flesh color associated with major QTL for high beta-carotene content in muskmelon
Beta-carotene presence or absence in muskmelon is controlled by two genes, green flesh gf and white flesh wf. In its dominant form the wf gene is responsible for orange flesh color; however, the epistatic interactions of gf and wf can create three flesh colors: orange, white and green. Two F2 populations, consisting of 77 greenhouse grown and 117 field grown plants, from the cross of �Sunrise� (white fleshed) by �TAM Uvalde� (orange fleshed), were used to examine the relationships of beta-carotene content, flesh color, and flesh color intensity. Bulk segregent analysis was used with RAPD markers to identify molecular markers associated with high beta-carotene content. Flesh color and flesh color intensity both had significant relationships with beta-carotene content. A significant correlation between total soluble solids and beta-carotene content was also found. Molecular markers were identified in both F2 populations and all significant, associated markers from �TAM Uvalde� were linked with WF. A single QTL was also found to be linked with the WF locus. The identified QTL can be used to screen potential breeding lines for high beta-carotene. It was also confirmed that the visual ratings of flesh color intensity can be reliably used to select high beta-carotene content melons.
Napier, Alexandra Bamberger
Steep-Slope Assembly Testing of Clay and Concrete Tile With and Without Cool Pigmented Colors
Cool color pigments and sub-tile venting of clay and concrete tile roofs significantly impact the heat flow crossing the roof deck of a steep-slope roof. Field measures for the tile roofs revealed a 70% drop in the peak heat flow crossing the deck as compared to a direct-nailed asphalt shingle roof. The Tile Roofing Institute (TRI) and its affiliate members are keenly interested in documenting the magnitude of the drop for obtaining solar reflectance credits with state and federal "cool roof" building efficiency standards. Tile roofs are direct-nailed or are attached to a deck with batten or batten and counter-batten construction. S-Misson clay and concrete tile roofs, a medium-profile concrete tile roof, and a flat slate tile roof were installed on fully nstrumented attic test assemblies. Temperature measures of the roof, deck, attic, and ceiling, heat flows, solar reflectance, thermal emittance, and the ambient weather were recorded for each of the tile roofs and also on an adjacent attic cavity covered with a conventional pigmented and directnailed asphalt shingle roof. ORNL measured the tile's underside temperature and the bulk air temperature and heat flows just underneath the tile for batten and counter-batten tile systems and compared the results to the conventional asphalt shingle.
Miller, William A [ORNL
We present Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) data for 44 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) obtained during three GALEX observing cycles between 2004 and 2008. This is the largest homogeneous data set on the UV photometric properties of Galactic GCs ever collected. The sample selection and photometric analysis are discussed, and color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are presented. The blue and intermediate-blue horizontal branch is the dominant feature of the UV CMDs of old Galactic GCs. Our sample is large enough to display the remarkable variety of horizontal branch shapes found in old stellar populations. Other stellar types that are obviously detected are blue stragglers and post-core-He burning stars. The main features of UV CMDs of Galactic GCs are briefly discussed. We establish the locus of post-core-He burning stars in the UV CMD and present a catalog of candidate asymptotic giant branch (AGB), AGB-manque, post early-AGB, and post-AGB stars within our cluster sample.
Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Rhee, Jaehyon [Gemini Observatory, 670 N. A'Ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Dalessandro, Emanuele; Ferraro, Francesco R.; Lanzoni, Barbara, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna (Italy); and others
Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
We explore the spectral and atmospheric properties of brown dwarfs cooler than the latest known T dwarfs. Our focus is on the yet-to-be-discovered free-floating brown dwarfs in the \\teff range from $\\sim$800 K to $\\sim$130 K and with masses from 25 to 1 \\mj. This study is in anticipation of the new characterization capabilities enabled by the launch of SIRTF and the eventual launch of JWST. We provide spectra from $\\sim$0.4 \\mic to 30 \\mic, highlight the evolution and mass dependence of the dominant H$_2$O, CH$_4$, and NH$_3$ molecular bands, consider the formation and effects of water-ice clouds, and compare our theoretical flux densities with the sensitivities of the instruments on board SIRTF and JWST. The latter can be used to determine the detection ranges from space of cool brown dwarfs. In the process, we determine the reversal point of the blueward trend in the near-infrared colors with decreasing \\teff, the \\teffs at which water and ammonia clouds appear, the strengths of gas-phase ammonia and methan...
Burrows, A; Lunine, J; Burrows, Adam; Sudarsky, David; Lunine, Jonathan
AdS/QCD, Light-Front Holography, and Color Confinement
A remarkable holographic feature of dynamics in AdS space in five dimensions is that it is dual to Hamiltonian theory in physical space-time, quantized at fixed light-front time {\\tau} = t+z/c. This light-front holographic principle provides a precise relation between the bound-state amplitudes in AdS space and the boost-invariant light-front wavefunctions describing the internal structure of hadrons in physical space-time. The fifth dimension coordinate z is dual to the light front variable {\\zeta} describing the invariant separation of the quark constituents. The resulting valence Fock-state wavefunction eigensolutions of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian satisfy a single-variable relativistic equation of motion, analogous to the nonrelativistic radial Schr\\"odinger equation. The soft-wall dilaton profile exp ({\\kappa}^2 {\\zeta}^2) provides a model for the light-front potential which is color-confining and reproduces well the linear Regge behavior of the light-quark hadron spectrum in both L, the orbital angu...
Brodsky, Stanley J
Health hazard evaluation report HETA 92-064-2222, Ohio Valley Litho Color, Inc. , Florence, Kentucky
In response to a confidential request from a worker at Ohio Valley Litho Color, Inc. (SIC-2652) in Florence, Kentucky, an evaluation was made of possible exposure to electrical currents during the operation of an industrial papercutter. The company used industrial papercutters to prepare various types of advertising material for their clients. An operator of the papercutters had been diagnosed with a brain tumor. Measurements indicated that operators of the equipment had electrical currents of 9.7 to 160 microamperes passing through their bodies. There do not appear to be any standards related to exposure to currents of this magnitude passing through the body. The authors conclude that no electrocution or electrical burn hazard existed at the time of the survey. The lack of data to indicate the outcome of chronic exposure to low levels of currents passing through the body over a period of several years makes it impossible to rule out a connection between this exposure and chronic diseases such as brain tumors or cancers. The authors recommend that efforts be made to eliminate this exposure.
Moss, C.E.; Burr, G.
Exploring the evolution of color-luminosity parameter $\\beta$ and its effects on parameter estimation
In Phys. Rev. D 88, 043511 (2013), using the Supernova Legacy Survey Three Year (SNLS3) data, Wang & Wang found that there is a strong evidence for the redshift-evolution of color-luminosity parameter $\\beta$. In this paper, using three simplest dark energy models ($\\Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM, and CPL), we further explore the evolution of $\\beta$ and its effects on parameter estimation. In addition to the SNLS3 data, we also take into account the Planck distance priors data, as well as the latest galaxy clustering (GC) data extracted from SDSS DR7 and BOSS. We find that, for all the models, $\\beta$ deviates from a constant at 5$\\sigma$ confidence levels. Moreover, adding a parameter of $\\beta$ can reduce the best-fit values of $\\chi^2$ by $\\sim$ 35, showing the importance of considering the evolution of $\\beta$ in the cosmology-fits. We find that, using the SNLS3 data alone, varying $\\beta$ yields a larger $\\Omega_m$ for the $\\Lambda$CDM model; using the SNLS3+CMB+GC data, varying $\\beta$ yields a larger $\\Omega...
Wang, Shuang; Zhang, Xin
This paper analyzes the first obtained four-color light curves of V396 Mon using the 2003 version of the W-D code. It is confirmed that V396 Mon is a shallow W-type contact binary system with a mass ratio q = 2.554({+-}0.004) and a degree of contact factor f = 18.9%({+-}1.2%). A period investigation based on all available data shows that the period of the system includes a long-term decrease (dP/dt = -8.57 x 10{sup -8} days yr{sup -1}) and an oscillation (A{sub 3} = 0.0160 day, T{sub 3} = 42.4 yr). They are caused by angular momentum loss and light-time effect, respectively. The suspect third body is possibly a small M-type star (about 0.31 solar mass). Though some observations indicate that this system has strong magnetic activity, by our analysis we found that the Applegate mechanism cannot explain the periodic changes. This binary is an especially important system according to Qian's statistics of contact binaries as its mass ratio lies near the proposed pivot point about which the physical structure of contact binaries supposedly oscillates.
Liu, L.; Qian, S.-B.; Liao, W.-P.; He, J.-J.; Zhu, L.-Y.; Li, L.-J.; Zhao, E.-G., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, 650011 Kunming (China)
Obtaining reliable, matched photometry for galaxies imaged by different observatories represents a key challenge in the era of wide-field surveys spanning more than several hundred square degrees. Methods such as flux fitting, profile fitting, and PSF homogenization followed by matched-aperture photometry are all computationally expensive. We present an alternative solution called 'synthetic aperture photometry' that exploits galaxy profile fits in one band to efficiently model the observed, point-spread-function-convolved light profile in other bands and predict the flux in arbitrarily sized apertures. Because aperture magnitudes are the most widely tabulated flux measurements in survey catalogs, producing synthetic aperture magnitudes (SYNMAGs) enables very fast matched photometry at the catalog level, without reprocessing imaging data. We make our code public and apply it to obtain matched photometry between Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugriz and UKIDSS YJHK imaging, recovering red-sequence colors and photometric redshifts with a scatter and accuracy as good as if not better than FWHM-homogenized photometry from the GAMA Survey. Finally, we list some specific measurements that upcoming surveys could make available to facilitate and ease the use of SYNMAGs.
Bundy, Kevin; Yasuda, Naoki [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, the University of Tokyo (Kavli IPMU, WPI), Kashiwa 277-8583 (Japan); Hogg, David W. [Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 (United States); Higgs, Tim D.; Nichol, Robert C.; Masters, Karen L. [Institute for Cosmology and Gravitation, Dennis Sciama Building, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX (United Kingdom); Lang, Dustin [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Wake, David A. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101 (United States)
Could strange stars be in the color-flavor-locked phase: Tested by their thermal evolutions
The thermal evolution of strange stars in both normal and color-flavor-locked (CFL) phases are investigated together with the evolutions of the stellar rotation and the r-mode instability. The heating effects due to the deconfinement transition of the stellar crust and the dissipation of the r-modes are considered. As a result, the cooling of the stars in the normal phase is found to be not very different from the standard one. In contrast, for the stars in the CFL phase, a big bump during the first hundred years and a steep decay ($\\sim$7% in ten years) at the ages of $\\sim10^{4-6}$ yrs are predicted in their thermal evolution curves. These unique features provide an effective observational test for determining whether or not the CFL phase is reached in strange stars. This thermal test method is independent of and complementary to the rotational test method, which is a direct consequence of the r-mode instability.
Quan Cheng; Yun-Wei Yu; Xiao-Ping Zheng
Preliminary results of a precision measurement of the neutron d2: Probing the Lorentz color force
The quantity d{sub 2}, related to a twist-three matrix element, is a measure of the average restoring Lorentz color force experienced by a quark inside a polarized nucleon after it is struck by a virtual photon in electron Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). With its information encoded in both spin structure functions g{sub 1} and g{sub 2} in the quark valence region at large Bjorken x, this confining local force is a result of the remnant di-quark system attracting the struck quark. While bag-and chiralsoliton-model calculations for the neutron d{sub 2} are consistent with those of lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), current experimental data differ by approximately two standard deviations from those theoretical results. To address this issue, the experiment E06-014 was carried out from February to March of 2009 at Jefferson Lab. It consisted of measuring doublespin asymmetries and the total cross section by scattering a longitudinally polarized electron beam from a longitudinally or transversely polarized {sup 3}He target, allowing for the extraction of the neutron d{sub 2}. The experiment covered excitation energies in the resonance and DIS valence quark regions. Preliminary cross sections and asymmetries will be presented.
D. Flay, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration,E06-014 Collaboration
Spitzer SAGE survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud II: Evolved Stars and Infrared Color Magnitude Diagrams
Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are presented for the Spitzer SAGE (Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution) survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). IRAC and MIPS 24 um epoch one data are presented. These data represent the deepest, widest mid-infrared CMDs of their kind ever produced in the LMC. Combined with the 2MASS survey, the diagrams are used to delineate the evolved stellar populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud as well as Galactic foreground and extragalactic background populations. Some 32000 evolved stars brighter than the tip of the red giant branch are identified. Of these, approximately 17500 are classified as oxygen-rich, 7000 carbon-rich, and another 1200 as ``extreme'' asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Brighter members of the latter group have been called ``obscured'' AGB stars in the literature owing to their dusty circumstellar envelopes. A large number (1200) of luminous oxygen--rich AGB stars/M supergiants are also identified. Finally, there is strong evidence from the 24 um MIPS channel that previously unexplored, lower luminosity oxygen-rich AGB stars contribute significantly to the mass loss budget of the LMC (1200 such sources are identified).
R. D. Blum; J. R. Mould; K. A. Olsen; J. A. Frogel; M. Werner; M. Meixner; F. Markwick-Kemper; R. Indebetouw; B. Whitney; M. Meade; B. Babler; E. B. Churchwell; K. Gordon; C. Engelbracht; B. -Q. For; K. Misselt; U. Vijh; C. Leitherer; K. Volk; S. Points; W. Reach; J. L. Hora; J. -P. Bernard; F. Boulanger; S. Bracker; M. Cohen; Y. Fukui; J. Gallagher; V. Gorjian; J. Harris; D. Kelly; A. Kawamura; W. B. Latter; S. Madden; A. Mizuno; N. Mizuno; A. Nota; M. S. Oey; T. Onishi; R. Paladini; N. Panagia; P. Perez-Gonzalez; H. Shibai; S. Sato; L. Smith; L. Staveley-Smith; A. G. G. M. Tielens; T. Ueta; S. Van Dyk; D. Zaritsky
From DIS to proton-nucleus collisions in the Color Glass Condensate model
We show that particle production in proton-nucleus (pA) collisions in the Color Glass Condensate model can be related to Deep Inelastic Scattering of leptons on protons/nuclei (DIS). The common building block is the quark antiquark (or gluon-gluon) dipole cross section which is present in both DIS and pA processes. This correspondence in a sense generalizes the standard leading twist approach to pA collisions based on collinear factorization and perturbative QCD, and allows one to express the pA cross sections in terms of a universal quantity (dipole cross section) which, in principle, can be measured in DIS or other processes. Therefore, using the parameterization of dipole cross section at HERA, one can calculate particle production cross sections in proton-nucleus collisions at high energies. Alternatively, one could use proton-nucleus experiments to further constrain models of the dipole cross-section. We show that the McLerran-Venugopalan model predicts enhancement of cross sections at large p_t (Cronin effect) and suppression of cross sections at low p_t. The cross over depends on rapidity and moves to higher p_t as one goes to more forward rapidities.
F. Gelis; J. Jalilian-Marian
Generation and Manipulation of Multi-Color Stationary Light Field Using Electromagnetically Induced Transperancy
Dynamic control of a weak quantum probe light pulse for the generation and quantum manipulations of a stationary multi-color (MC-) light field in a resonant coherent atomic medium using electromagnetically induced transparency is proposed. The manipulations have been analyzed based on the analytical solution of the adiabatic limit in the evolution of MC-light fields resulting from interaction of the slow probe light with the new fields generated in the nondegenerate multi-wave mixing scheme. We have found a critical stopping condition for the MC-light fields where the group velocity of light should reduce down to zero. Semiclassical dynamics and behavior of specific quantum correlations of the MC-light fields have been studied in detail for particular initial quantum states of the probe pulse. The stationary MC-field dynamics are treated in terms of dark MC-polariton states constructed for the studied multi-wave mixing processes. We have found the conditions for optimal manipulation of the MC-light while preserving the delicate quantum correlations of the initial probe light pulse. The quantum manipulations leading to the frequency and direction switching of the initial probe light pulse as well as to the quantum swapping of probe light into the new multi-frequency light fields have been proposed. The possibilities of the interaction time lengthening and enhancement of the electric field amplitudes of the stationary MC-light are also discussed for enhancement of the interactions with weak quantum fields in the spatially limited media.
Imaging extrasolar planets by stellar halo suppression in separately-corrected color bands
Extra-solar planets have not been imaged directly with existing ground or space telescopes because they are too faint to be seen against the halo of the nearby bright star. Most techniques being explored to suppress the halo are achromatic, with separate correction of diffraction and wavefront errors. Residual speckle structure may be subtracted by differencing images taken through narrowband filters, but photon noise remains and ultimately limits sensitivity. Here we describe two ways to take advantage of narrow bands to reduce speckle photon flux and to obtain better control of systematic errors. Multiple images are formed in separate color bands of 5-10% bandwidth, and recorded by coronagraphic interferometers equipped with active control of wavefront phase and/or amplitude. In one method, a single deformable pupil mirror is used to actively correct both diffraction and wavefront components of the halo. This yields good diffraction suppression for complex pupil obscuration, with high throughput over half the focal plane. In a second method, the coronagraphic interferometer is used as a second stage after conventional apodization. The halo from uncontrollable residual errors in the pupil mask or wavefront is removed by destructive interference made directly at the detector focal plane with an "anti-halo", synthesized by spatial light modulators in the reference arm of the interferometer. In this way very deep suppression may be achieved by control elements with greatly relaxed, and thus achievable, tolerances. In both examples, systematic errors are minimized because the planet imaging cameras themselves also provide the error sensing data.
Johanan L. Codona; Roger Angel
Journal of Electronic Imaging 16(4), 043009 (Oct�Dec 2007) Scanner characterization for color measurement and diagnostics
Abstract. We propose a novel scanner characterization approach for applications requiring color measurement of hardcopy output in calibration, characterization, and diagnostics applications. The method is advantageous for common practical color printing systems that use more than the minimum of three colorants necessary for subtractive color reproduction; printing with cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) is the most prevalent example we use in our description. The proposed method exploits the fact that for the scenarios in consideration, in addition to the scanner RGB values for a scanned patch, the CMYK control values used to print the patch are also available and can be exploited in characterization. An indexed family of 3D scanner characterizations is created, each characterization providing a mapping from scanner RGB to CIELAB for a fixed value of K, the latter constituting the index for the characterization. Combined together, the family of 3D characterizations provides a single 4D characterization that maps scanner RGB obtained from scanning a patch and the K control value used for printing the patch to a colorimetric CIELAB measurement for the patch. A significant improvement in the robustness of the method to variations in printing is obtained by modifying the K index to utilize the scanned output for a black-only patch printed with the corresponding K value instead of directly utilizing the control K value used at the printer. Results show that the proposed 4D scanner characterization technique can significantly outperform standard 3D approaches in the target applications. � 2007 SPIE and IS&T. ?DOI: 10.1117/1.2803833? 1
Bong-sun Lee; Raja Bala; Gaurav Sharma
Two-Loop Leading Color Corrections to Heavy-Quark Pair Production in the Gluon Fusion Channel
We evaluate the two-loop QCD diagrams contributing to the leading color coefficient of the heavy-quark pair production cross section in the gluon fusion channel. We obtain an analytic expression, which is valid for any value of the Mandelstam invariants s and t and of the heavy-quark mass m. Our findings agree with previous analytic results in the small-mass limit and with recent results for the coefficients of the IR poles.
R. Bonciani; A. Ferroglia; T. Gehrmann; A. von Manteuffel; C. Studerus
CANDELS OBSERVATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE OF THE COLOR-MASS-MORPHOLOGY RELATION AT z = 1.6
We study the environmental dependence of color, stellar mass, and morphology by comparing galaxies in a forming cluster to those in the field at z = 1.6 with Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared imaging in the CANDELS/UDS field. We quantify the morphology of the galaxies using the effective radius, r{sub eff}, and Sersic index, n. In both the cluster and field, approximately half of the bulge-dominated galaxies (n > 2) reside on the red sequence of the color-magnitude diagram, and most disk-dominated galaxies (n < 2) have colors expected for star-forming galaxies. There is weak evidence that cluster galaxies have redder rest-frame U - B colors and higher stellar masses compared to the field. Star-forming galaxies in both the cluster and field show no significant differences in their morphologies. In contrast, there is evidence that quiescent galaxies in the cluster have larger median effective radii and smaller Sersic indices compared to the field with a significance of 2{sigma}. These differences are most pronounced for galaxies at clustercentric distances 1 Mpc Bassett, Robert; Papovich, Casey; Tran, Kim-Vy [George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843-4242 (United States); Lotz, Jennifer M.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Koekemoer, Anton M. [Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Bell, Eric F. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Finkelstein, Steven L. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Newman, Jeffrey A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (United States); Almaini, Omar; Lani, Caterina [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); Cooper, Michael [Center for Galaxy Evolution, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Croton, Darren [Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn (Australia); Dekel, Avishai [Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel); Kocevski, Dale D.; Koo, David C.; McGrath, Elizabeth J. [UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); McIntosh, Daniel H. [Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 (United States); Wechsler, Risa [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Physics Department, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States) 2013-06-10T23:59:59.000Z
Bassett, Robert; Papovich, Casey; Tran, Kim-Vy [George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843-4242 (United States); Lotz, Jennifer M.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Koekemoer, Anton M. [Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Bell, Eric F. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Finkelstein, Steven L. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Newman, Jeffrey A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (United States); Almaini, Omar; Lani, Caterina [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); Cooper, Michael [Center for Galaxy Evolution, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Croton, Darren [Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn (Australia); Dekel, Avishai [Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel); Kocevski, Dale D.; Koo, David C.; McGrath, Elizabeth J. [UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); McIntosh, Daniel H. [Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 (United States); Wechsler, Risa [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Physics Department, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
As a test bed for future investigations of directly imaged terrestrial exoplanets, we present the recovery of the surface components of the Earth from multi-band diurnal light curves obtained with the EPOXI spacecraft. We find that the presence and longitudinal distribution of ocean, soil, and vegetation are reasonably well reproduced by fitting the observed color variations with a simplified model composed of a priori known albedo spectra of ocean, soil, vegetation, snow, and clouds. The effect of atmosphere, including clouds, on light scattered from surface components is modeled using a radiative transfer code. The required noise levels for future observations of exoplanets are also determined. Our model-dependent approach allows us to infer the presence of major elements of the planet (in the case of the Earth, clouds, and ocean) with observations having signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) {approx}> 10 in most cases and with high confidence if S/N {approx}> 20. In addition, S/N {approx}> 100 enables us to detect the presence of components other than ocean and clouds in a fairly model-independent way. Degradation of our inversion procedure produced by cloud cover is also quantified. While cloud cover significantly dilutes the magnitude of color variations compared with the cloudless case, the pattern of color changes remains. Therefore, the possibility of investigating surface features through light-curve fitting remains even for exoplanets with cloud cover similar to Earth's.
Fujii, Yuka; Suto, Yasushi; Turner, Edwin L. [Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Kawahara, Hajime [Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 (Japan); Fukuda, Satoru; Nakajima, Teruyuki [Center of Climate System Research, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568 (Japan); Livengood, Timothy A., E-mail: email@example.com [NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
About 70% of intermediate-age star clusters in the Large Magellanic Clouds have been confirmed to have broad main sequence, multiple or extended turnoffs, and dual red giant clumps. The observed result seems to be at odds with the classical idea that such clusters are simple stellar populations. Although many models have been used to explain the results via factors such as prolonged star formation history, metallicity spread, differential reddening, selection effect, observational uncertainty, stellar rotation, and binary interaction, the reason for the special color-magnitude diagrams is still uncertain. We revisit this question via the combination of stellar rotation and binary effects. As a result, it shows 'golf club' color-magnitude diagrams with broad or multiple turnoffs, dual red clumps, blue stragglers, red stragglers, and extended main sequences. Because both binaries and massive rotators are common, our result suggests that most color-magnitude diagrams, including extended turnoff or multiple turnoffs, can be explained using simple stellar populations including both binary and stellar rotation effects, or composite populations with two components.
Li Zhongmu; Mao Caiyan; Chen Li; Zhang Qian, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute for Astronomy and History of Science and Technology, Dali University, Dali 671003 (China)
Measured energy savings of light colored roofs: Results from three California demonstration sites
Measured data and computer simulations have demonstrated the impact of roof albedo in reducing cooling energy use in buildings. Savings are a function of both climate and the amount of roof insulation. The cooling energy savings for reflective roofs are highest in hot climates. A reflective roof may also lead to higher heating energy use. Reflective coatings are also used in commercial buildings to protect the roofing membrane, and hence, maintain and prolong the useful life of the roof. Reflectivity of coatings changes with weathering and aging which in turn could have an effect on building cooling-energy savings. For that reason, reflective roof coatings are not primarily marketed for their energy savings potential. To monitor the field performance of reflective coatings, the authors initiated a demonstration project where three commercial buildings in California were painted with light-colored roof coatings. The buildings are two medical care centers and one drug store. At all sites, the roof reflectance, both fresh and aged, and cooling energy use were monitored. In addition, they measured temperature throughout the roof systems and inside the conditioned space. In the monitored buildings, increasing the roof reflectance from an initial value of about 20% to 60%, dropped the roof temperature on hot summer afternoons by about 45 F. Summertime standard-weekday average daily air-conditioning savings were 18% (198 kWh) in the first medical office building, 13% (86 kWh) in the second medical office building, and 2% (13 kWh) in the drug store. The overall u-value of the roofs had dictated the impact of roof reflectance.
Akbari, H.; Gartland, L.; Konopacki, S.
A General Effective Action for Quark Matter and its Application to Color Superconductivity
I derive a general effective theory for hot and/or dense quark matter. After introducing general projection operators for hard and soft quark and gluon degrees of freedom, I explicitly compute the functional integral for the hard quark and gluon modes in the QCD partition function. Upon appropriate choices for the projection operators one recovers various well-known effective theories such as the Hard Thermal Loop/ Hard Dense Loop Effective Theories as well as the High Density Effective Theory by Hong and Schaefer. I then apply the effective theory to cold and dense quark matter and show how it can be utilized to simplify the weak-coupling solution of the color-superconducting gap equation. In general, one considers as relevant quark degrees of freedom those within a thin layer of width 2 Lambda_q around the Fermi surface and as relevant gluon degrees of freedom those with 3-momenta less than Lambda_gl. It turns out that it is necessary to choose Lambda_q << Lambda_gl, i.e., scattering of quarks along the Fermi surface is the dominant process. Moreover, this special choice of the two cutoff parameters Lambda_q and Lambda_gl facilitates the power-counting of the numerous contributions in the gap-equation. In addition, it is demonstrated that both the energy and the momentum dependence of the gap function has to be treated self-consistently in order to determine the imaginary part of the gap function. For quarks close to the Fermi surface the imaginary part is calculated explicitly and shown to be of sub-subleading order in the gap equation.
Philipp T. Reuter
Using Satellite Ocean Color Data to Derive an Empirical Model for the Penetration Depth of Solar Radiation (Hp) in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Satellite-based ocean color measurements indicate clear evidence for bioclimate interactions in the tropical Pacific associated with El Ni�o�Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Recent modeling studies have demonstrated that ocean biology can potentially ...
Rong-Hua Zhang; Dake Chen; Guihua Wang
particles from satellite remote sensing of the global ocean.Breon F. M. (2005). Remote sensing of phytoplankton groupsWITH OCEAN COLOR REMOTE SENSING. Herv� Claustre (1) , Jim
More than Money: The Spatial Mismatch Between Where Homeowners of Color in Metro Boston Can Afford to Live and Where They Actually Reside Part II
argue, simply a matter of money. People of color do not livecosts � both in terms of money and time � of traveling vastthe same or slightly less money. Why not have a home Many
Harris, David J.; McArdle, Nancy
Aesthetically pleasing dark roofs can be formulated to reflect like a highly reflective white roof in the near infrared portion of the solar spectrum. New paint pigments increase the near infrared reflectance of exterior finishes by minimizing the absorption of near-infrared radiation (NIR). The boost in the NIR reflectance drops the surface temperatures of roofs and walls, which in turn reduces cooling-energy use and provides savings for the homeowner and relief for the utilities. In moderate and hot climates, a roof surface with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance was shown by Akbari et al. (2004) and by Parker and Sherwin (1998) to reduce the exterior temperature and produce savings in comfort cooling. The new cool color pigments can potentially reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, which in turn reduces metropolitan heat buildup and urban smog. The pigments can also help conserve water resources otherwise used to clean and process fuel consumed by fossil-fuel driven power plants. Cool roofs also result in a lower ambient temperature that further decreases the need for air conditioning, retards smog formation, and improves thermal comfort. Parker, Sonne and Sherwin (2002) demonstrated that white barrel and white flat tiles reduced cooling energy consumption by 22% of the base load used by an adjacent and identical home having direct nailed dark shingles. Part of the savings was due to the reflectance of the white tiles; however, another part was due to the mass of the tile and to the venting occurring within the double batten installation. With, Cherry and Haig (2009) have studied the influence of the thermal mass and batten space ventilation and have found that, referenced to an asphalt shingle system, it can be equivalent to an additional 28 points of solar reflectivity. The double batten arrangement has wooden counter battens laid vertically (soffit-to-ridge) against the roof deck, and then the conventional battens are laid horizontally across the counter battens, providing a nailing surface for the concrete tile. This double batten construction forms an inclined air channel running from the soffit to the ridge. The bottom surface of the channel is formed by the roof decking and is relatively flat and smooth. The top surface is created by the underside of the roofing tiles, and is designed to be an air permeable covering to alleviate the underside air pressure and minimize wind uplift on the tiles. The resulting air flows also have a cooling influence which further complicates prediction of the heat penetrating through the deck because an accurate measure of the airflow is required to predict the heat transfer. Measured temperatures and heat flows at the roof surface, within the attic and at the ceiling of the houses are discussed as well as the power usage to help gauge the benefit of cool-pigmented reflective roof products fitted with and without ventilation above the roof deck. Ventilation occurring above the deck is an inherent feature for tile roof assemblies, and is formed by an air space between the exterior face of the roof sheathing and the underside of the tile. The greater the tile s profile the greater is the effect of the ventilation which herein is termed above-sheathing ventilation (ASV). However, because of the complexity of the thermally induced flow, little credit is allowed by state and federal building codes. ASHRAE (2005) provides empirical data for the effective thermal resistance of plane air spaces. A -in. (0.0191-m) plane air space inclined at 45 with the horizontal has an RUS-0.85 (RSI-0.15) . Our intent is to help further deploy cool color pigments in roofs by conducting field experiments to evaluate the new cool-colored roofing materials in the hot climate of Southern California. The collected data will be used to showcase and market the performance of new cool-roof products and also to help formulate and validate computer codes capable of calculating the heat transfer occurring within the attic and the whole building. Field measures and computer predictions showed that the d
Miller, William A [ORNL; Cherry, Nigel J [ORNL; Allen, Richard Lowell [ORNL; Childs, Phillip W [ORNL; Atchley, Jerald Allen [ORNL; Ronnen, Levinson [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Akbari, Hashem [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Berhahl, Paul [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Feb 12, 2010 ... This efficiency is more than five times greater than that of traditional ... offers better color rendering properties than is typically found in CFLs.
NIST Measurement of solid-state lighting products
... luminous efficacy (lm/W), chromaticity, color rendering, and luminous intensity distribution ... of SSL products and is used by DOE Energy Star program ...