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Sunday, November 04, 2012
"Racial Disparity in the Criminal Justice Process: Prosecutors, Judges, and the Effects of United States v. Booker"
The title of this post is the title of this notable new empirical paper by Professors Sonja Starr and M. Marit Rehavi now available via SSRN. Here is the abstract:Current empirical estimates of racial and other unwarranted disparities in sentencing suffer from two pervasive flaws. The first is a focus on the sentencing stage in isolation. Studies control for the "presumptive sentence" or closely related measures that are themselves the product of discretionary charging, plea-bargaining, and fact-finding processes. Any disparities in these earlier processes are built into the control variable, which leads to misleading sentencing-disparity estimates. The second problem is specific to studies of sentencing reforms: they use loose methods of causal inference that do not disentangle the effects of reform from surrounding events and trends.
This Article explains these problems and presents an analysis that corrects them and reaches very different results from the existing literature. We address the first problem by using a dataset that traces cases from arrest to sentencing and by examining disparities across all post-arrest stages. We find that most of the otherwise-unexplained racial disparities in sentencing can be explained by prosecutors' choices to bring mandatory minimum charges. We address the problem of disentangling trends using a rigorous method called regression discontinuity design. We apply it to assess the effects of the loosening of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines in United States v. Booker. Contrary to prominent recent studies, we find that Booker did not increase disparity, and may have reduced it.
November 4, 2012 in Booker in district courts, Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Race, Class, and Gender, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (2) | TrackBack
Friday, November 02, 2012
Record-high government-sponsored departure rate in latest quarter of post-Booker data
Late yesterday, I got this e-mail alert via the US Sentencing Commission:
The United States Sentencing Commission's Preliminary Quarterly Data Report for the third quarter of fiscal year 2012 is now available on the Commission's website [at this link]. The report includes an extensive set of tables and charts presenting fiscal year quarterly data on cases in which the offender was sentenced during the first three quarters of fiscal year 2012. The report also provides an analysis of sentencing trends over five years for several key sentencing practices.
Only late today did I finally get a chance to look through these new numbers and the only big story within is what I highlighted via the title of this post coming from Table 4 of this big quarterly data report: during the third quarter of FY 2012 (which runs from April 1 to June 30), the rate of government-sponsored departures hit a record high of 28.7%. For some statistical context, the average rate of government-sponsored departures post-Gall has generally been under 26% (although the last six quarters all show rates above that modern historical average).
Interestingly, though the rate of non-government-sponsored below-guideline sentences has actaully declined each of the last three quarter, the rate of within-guideline sentencing hit a modern record low of 53.1% in the third quarter of FY 2012 because of the record-high rate of government-sponsored departures during this period.
The first sensible explanation I can devise for this latest data is that they reflect the impact of the Justice Department's decision way back in January (reported here and here) to authorize so-called "fast-track" departures in all districts, not just in a select few pre-authorized fast-track districts. I suspect that this decision may have led not only to an uptick in government-sponsored fast-track departures, but perhaps also some other types of "government-sponsored" departures in plea agreements for those who might not quite fit the standard fast-track criteria.
November 2, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Procedure and Proof at Sentencing, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (1) | TrackBack
Wednesday, September 26, 2012
A review of the year that was 2011 in federal sentencing
The US Sentencing Commission has this week released this basic report "Overview of Federal Criminal Cases, Fiscal Year 2011." Though there is no new remarkable data in this report, this overview provides an effective reminder of what the (still growing) massive federal sentencing system is all about. Here is part of the start of the report:The United States Sentencing Commission received information on 86,361 federal criminal cases in which the offender was sentenced in fiscal year 2011. Among these cases, 86,201 involved an individual offender and 160 involved a corporation or "organizational" offender....
The vast majority of the cases reported to the Commission involve an individual defendant. Over the last decade, the number of these cases has increased every year except one. In fiscal year 2011, the increase was 2.7 percent over the number of such cases in fiscal year 2010. Cases involving immigration, drugs, fraud, or firearms continue to be the most common federal criminal cases and make up the vast majority of federal felonies and Class A misdemeanors. These four crime types have been the most common for the last decade. In fiscal year 2011, these crimes accounted for 83.0 percent of all cases reported to the Commission.
Immigration cases continued to be the fastest growing segment of cases in the federal system. In fiscal year 2011, there were 29,717 immigration cases reported to the Commission, an increase of 1,213 cases from the prior fiscal year. In the last ten fiscal years, the number of cases of this type has increased by 153.2 percent, while the total federal caseload has grown by 33.9 percent....
The number of drug cases has been relatively stable over the last five fiscal years, but because of the overall increase in federal cases, the portion of the criminal caseload attributable to those cases decreased to 29.1 percent in fiscal year 2011.... Firearms cases were 9.2 percent of the caseload in fiscal year 2011, a decrease of 2.4 percentage points from five years ago. The proportion of fraud cases over that period also was relatively stable at 9.8 percent in fiscal year 2011, but has declined slightly from 10.7 percent in fiscal year 2007....
The vast majority of convicted defendants plead guilty. In fiscal year 2011, more than 96 percent of all offenders did so, a rate that has been largely the same for ten years. When offenders pled guilty, 44.0 percent received a sentence below the applicable sentencing guideline range, either at the request of the government, at their own request, or initiated by the court. Approximately 61 percent (61.5%) of these below range sentences were requested by the government, usually because the defendant had provided substantial assistance to the government or had agreed to have his or her case handled as part of an early disposition program.
A little simple division brings a little more perspective to these number: with more than 86,000 federal sentencings of individuals in FY2011, the system averaged over 1,650 sentencings per week and thus more than 330 federal sentencing per federal work-day. Put even more starkly, in the 15 minutes it took me to put together this post, on average 10 more persons were sentenced by the federal district judges.
September 26, 2012 in Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Scope of Imprisonment | Permalink | Comments (2) | TrackBack
Tuesday, September 11, 2012
"Estimating Gender Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases"
The title of this post is the title of this great-looking new paper by Sonja Starr, which is now available via SSRN. Here is the abstract:I have long found that, in both the classroom and in other settings, discussion of discretion and disparity in the criminal justice treatment of different genders can often foster more dynamic and less polarizing discusson than when the focus is on race. For this reason (and many others), I hope to soon find time to consume this important new article and may well comment on it further.This paper assesses gender disparities in federal criminal cases. It finds large gender gaps favoring women throughout the sentence length distribution (averaging over 60%), conditional on arrest offense, criminal history, and other pre-charge observables. Female arrestees are also significantly likelier to avoid charges and convictions entirely, and twice as likely to avoid incarceration if convicted.
Prior studies have reported much smaller sentence gaps because they have ignored the role of charging, plea-bargaining, and sentencing fact-finding in producing sentences. Most studies control for endogenous severity measures that result from these earlier discretionary processes and use samples that have been winnowed by them. I avoid these problems by using a linked dataset tracing cases from arrest through sentencing. Using decomposition methods, I show that most sentence disparity arises from decisions at the earlier stages, and use the rich data to investigate causal theories for these gender gaps.
September 11, 2012 in Booker in district courts, Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Race, Class, and Gender, Scope of Imprisonment, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (6) | TrackBack
Tuesday, August 14, 2012
New USSC report provides data on federal sentencing realities
The US Sentencing Commission recently published this interesting and effective little document titled simply "Overview of Federal Criminal Cases, Fiscal Year 2010." Here are one of many passages that should interest federal sentencing data junkies:
Until fiscal year 2009, drug offenses had been the most common federal crime during the 20 years for which the Commission has released sentencing data. In fiscal year 2010, 25,043 offenders were convicted of a drug crime, the majority involving the manufacture, sale, or transportation of a drug. Of these, 1,025 offenders were convicted of an offense involving simple possession of a drug.
Offenses involving cocaine, in either powder form or base (crack) form, were the most common drug crimes, accounting for 43.6 percent of the offenders sentenced under the Chapter Two drug guidelines. These cases were almost evenly split between offenses involving crack cocaine (20.1%) and offenses involving powder cocaine (23.5%).
Marijuana cases were the next most common, representing 26.0 percent of all drug crimes. In fact, marijuana cases were more prevalent than either crack cocaine or powder cocaine cases. Drug offenses involving methamphetamine represented 17.7 percent of all drug crimes. Heroin cases were the least common of the major drug offenses, accounting for 6.7 percent of all drug crimes.
August 14, 2012 in Detailed sentencing data, Drug Offense Sentencing, Federal Sentencing Guidelines | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack
Monday, July 16, 2012
Exciting new data and resources from US Sentencing Commission
Via e-mail, I have today received this exciting news concerning new materials and data available from the US Sentencing Commission via its website:
U.S. Sentencing Commission Presents New Interactive Sourcebook
The United States Sentencing Commission today introduces its new Interactive Sourcebook. The Interactive Sourcebook allows users to re-create and customize the tables and figures presented in the Commission's printed Sourcebooks of Federal Sentencing Statistics, and contains additional viewing options and tables not published in the printed Sourcebooks. Please view the Interactive Sourcebook Features Guide to learn how to use the site. For more information, view the Frequently Asked Questions.
U.S. Sentencing Commission Publishes Second Quarter FY12 Quarterly Sentencing Update
The United States Sentencing Commission's Preliminary Quarterly Data Report for the second quarter of fiscal year 2012 is now available on the Commission's website. The report includes an extensive set of tables and charts presenting fiscal year quarterly data on cases in which the offender was sentenced during the first half of fiscal year 2012. The report also provides an analysis of sentencing trends over five years for several key sentencing practices.
July 16, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines | Permalink | Comments (1) | TrackBack
Friday, July 06, 2012
Federal sentencing data junkies rejoice: USSC creates new "Research and Statistics Page"
A helpful reader reminded me that I had not yet spotlighted with the justified fanfare and blog firework that the US Sentencing Commission has just rolled out this awesome new page on its website, which is excitingly titled the "Research and Statistics Page." Here is how the USSC explains the new website offering: "This page contains content from the Commission's former Research and Data and Statistics pages. It also features new content, including the Commission's annual individual offender datafiles and prison and sentencing impact assessments."
Helpfully, the reader who made sure I posting these USSC developments, also sent me this terrific and insightful account of why the "prison and sentencing impact assessments" (which appear on this new special webpage) merit significant attention:
The Commission finally is publishing prison impact assessments. While it only has the assessments for this amendment cycle, hopefully it will publish retroactively (and should be encouraged to do so).
Such data are very useful, if for nothing else than to get some idea of the real-world effects amendments to the FSGs have. If data show very little impact, then not a lot of fuss should be given to them (and frankly, we should wonder why such amendments even would be necessary). In contrast, those amendments with a projected significant impact should be more thoroughly vetted/reviewed/criticized, and the actual prison effects should be followed (most especially where there is a net impact on prisons, i.e., more beds needed). And, of course, when a politically unpopular amendment is under consideration, if it also lowers the number of beds to be utilizied, then the cost-savings can make an otherwise bitter pill easier to swallow.
BTW, from what I understand, the model used to do these assessments goes all the way back to the late 80s and hasn't been update since (nor an empirical assessment of how well the model predicts the impact). So, with such data available now, this additional area of study is available.
I agree completely with these sentiments, and I will add that another exciting aspect of the USSC's new data page is an icon which indicates that the Commission is developing an "Interactive Sourcebook." I am hopeful and cautiously optimistic that such a resource can and will make it much easier for both academics and practitioners to get quick and helpful federal sentencing data on an array of intricate subtopics.
Kudos to everyone at the USSC for getting this new data page up and running and also (in advance) to any and everyone else who helps me identify the latest and greatest data to mine from the page.
UPDATE: A different helpful reader has told me that the penultimate sentence in the quoted e-mail above contains misinformation and that the USSC's prison impact model is, in fact, regularly updated. Troublesomely, I cannot effectively assess who has the story right about this "insider" debate over the USSC data. But I can say that even questionable data is better than no data, so I just care that the USSC has made this data available no matter its precision.
July 6, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (1) | TrackBack
Tuesday, June 19, 2012
Latest death row data on shows spike in percentage of condemned Latinos
Via this DPIC posting, I see that the NAACP Legal Defense Fund now has some notable updated data on condemned inmates via its Death Row USA publication available here. The DPIC posting summarizes highlights of this data in this way:
The latest edition of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's Death Row USA shows a decrease of 19 inmates between January 1 and April 1, 2012. Over the last decade, the total population of state and federal death rows has decreased significantly, from 3,682 inmates in 2000 to 3,170 inmates as of April 2012. California continues to have the largest death row population (724), followed by Florida (407), Texas (308), Pennsylvania (204), and Alabama (200). Neither California nor Pennsylvania have carried out an execution in the past six years.
The report includes information on the race of death row inmates. Although the overall population of death row has decreased since 2000, the percentage of Latino inmates facing execution has been steadily increasing. In 1991, Latinos made up 6% of the nation's death row. In 2012, Latinos or Latinas comprised 12.4% of death row inmates. In jurisdictions having 10 or more inmates on death row, the states with the highest percent of Latino/Latina death row inmates are Nebraska (45%), Texas (29%) and California (23%). The report also contains statistics on executions and an overview of recent legal developments related to capital punishment.
June 19, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Death Penalty Reforms, Detailed sentencing data, Race, Class, and Gender, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (3) | TrackBack
Wednesday, June 06, 2012
"Time Served: The High Cost, Low Return of Longer Prison Terms"
The title of this post is the title of this big new report from the Pew Center on the States. This page provides this quick summary of the reports themes and findings:
The length of time served in prison has increased markedly over the last two decades, according to a new study by Pew's Public Safety Performance Project. Prisoners released in 2009 served an average of nine additional months in custody, or 36 percent longer, than offenders released in 1990.
Over the past 40 years, criminal justice policy in the U.S. was shaped by the belief that the best way to protect the public was to put more people in prison. Offenders, the reasoning went, should spend longer and longer time behind bars.
Consequently, offenders have been spending more time in prison. According to a new study by Pew's Public Safety Performance Project, the length of time served in prison has increased markedly over the last two decades. Prisoners released in 2009 served an average of nine additional months in custody, or 36 percent longer, than offenders released in 1990.
Those extended prison sentences came at a price: prisoners released from incarceration in 2009 cost states $23,300 per offender -- or a total of over $10 billion nationwide. More than half of that amount was for non-violent offenders.
The report, Time Served: The High Cost, Low Return of Longer Prison Terms, also found that time served for drug offenses and violent offenses grew at nearly the same pace from 1990 to 2009. Drug offenders served 36 percent longer in 2009 than those released in 1990, while violent offenders served 37 percent longer. Time served for inmates convicted of property crimes increased by 24 percent.
Almost all states increased length of stay over the last two decades, though that varied widely from state to state. In Florida, for example, where time served rose most rapidly, prison terms grew by 166 percent and cost an extra $1.4 billion in 2009.
A companion analysis Pew conducted in partnership with external researchers found that many non-violent offenders in Florida, Maryland and Michigan could have served significantly shorter prison terms with little or no public safety consequences.
The report also summarizes recent public opinion polling that shows strong support nationwide for reducing time served for non-violent offenders.
This press release from the Pew folks includes these additional details from the report:
Though almost all states increased length of stay over the last two decades, the overall change varied widely between states. Among 35 reporting states representing nearly 90 percent of 2009 prison releases, time served rose most rapidly in Florida, where terms grew by 166 percent and cost an extra $1.4 billion in 2009. Prison terms increased in Virginia by 91 percent, North Carolina (86 percent), Oklahoma (83 percent), Michigan (79 percent), and Georgia (75 percent). Eight states reduced their overall time served, including Illinois (25 percent) and South Dakota (24 percent).
Among prisoners released in 2009 from the reporting states, Michigan had the longest overall average time served, at 4.3 years, followed by Pennsylvania (3.8 years). South Dakota had the shortest average time served at 1.3 years, followed by Tennessee (1.9 years). The national average time served was 2.9 years.
June 6, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Scope of Imprisonment, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (5) | TrackBack
Tuesday, April 03, 2012
"Racial Disparities, Judicial Discretion, and the United States Sentencing Guidelines"
The title of this post is the title of this new empirical paper available via SSRN authored by Joshua Fischman and Max Schanzenbach on a topic that has already generated significant conflicting empirical analyses and that is always of interest to federal sentencing policy-makers. Here is the abstract:
The United States Sentencing Guidelines were instituted to restrict judicial discretion in sentencing, in part to reduce unwarranted racial disparities. However, judicial discretion may also mitigate disparities that result from prosecutorial discretion or Guidelines factors that have disparate impact. To measure the impact of judicial discretion on racial disparities, we examine doctrinal changes that affected judges' discretion to depart from the Guidelines. We find that racial disparities are either reduced or little changed when the Guidelines are made less binding. Racial disparities increased after recent Supreme Court decisions declared the Guidelines to be advisory; however, we find that this increase is due primarily to the increased relevance of mandatory minimums. Our findings suggest that judicial discretion does not contribute to, and may in fact mitigate, racial disparities in Guidelines sentencing.
April 3, 2012 in Booker and Fanfan Commentary, Booker in district courts, Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Race, Class, and Gender | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack
Wednesday, March 28, 2012
Latest USSC quarterly data show slight downtick in within-guideline sentences
I am pleased to report that the US Sentencing Commission, fresh on the heels of releasing lots of complete Fiscal Year 2011 federal sentencing data (as reported here), today has released on its website the latest, greatest, freshest new quarterly sentencing data. The USSC's latest data report, which can be accessed here, is described this way:
First Quarter FY12 Quarterly Sentencing Update: An extensive set of tables and charts presenting fiscal year quarterly data on cases in which the offender was sentenced during the first quarter of fiscal year 2012. The report also provides an analysis of sentencing trends over five years for several key sentencing practices. (Published March 28, 2012)
The new data continue to show the same basic story lines and relatively stability in the operation and application of the advisory federal guideline sentencing system: these data show, yet again, that just under 55% of all federal sentences are within the calculated guidelines range, with prosecutors requesting a below-range sentence in over 25% of all cases.
Most notably, after the last two quarters revealed a slight uptick in the total number of within-guideline sentences (mostly as a result of a slight decrease in the number of judge-initiated below-guideline sentences), these 1st Quarter FY12 data shows a new downtick in within-guideline sentences, though mostly as a result of an increase in the number of prosecutor-initiated below-guideline sentences.
March 28, 2012 in Booker in district courts, Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack
Monday, March 26, 2012
US Sentencing Commission releases new annual report and sourcebook of federal sentencing stats
Though I continue to have a severe case of March Madness thanks to my Buckeyes making it to the Final Four, the US Sentencing Commission has just posted some new goodies on its website that would also enable me to have a severe case of federal sentencing data madness. Specifically, here's what now available for download via the USSC's website:
NEW 2011 Annual Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
The 2011 Annual Report presents an overview of major Commission activities and accomplishments for fiscal year 2011. See the Commission's 2011 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics for descriptive figures, tables, and charts, and selected district, circuit, and national sentencing data.
I hope to see if there are any interesting stories to mine from these new federal sentencing materials in the next few days. Readers/commentors are welcome and encouraged to help the effort, as there is more of note in these new USSC documents.
UPDATE on 3/27: I just received this email notice of an additional release from the USSC concerning its most up-to-date full-year data runs:
The United States Sentencing Commission's Final Quarterly Data Report for fiscal year 2011 is now available on the Commission's website. The report includes an extensive set of tables and charts presenting fiscal year quarterly data on cases in which the offender was sentenced during fiscal year 2011. The report also provides an analysis of sentencing trends over five years for several key sentencing practices.
March 26, 2012 in Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack
Wednesday, March 07, 2012
Notable FPD fact sheet says "TRAC Analysis of Variations in Sentencing Misses the Mark"
The afternoon I received an effective brief "Fact Sheet" produced by some federal public defenders which discusses limits on the federal sentencing data released by TRAC earlier this week. The full two-page fact sheet, which is titled "TRAC Analysis of Variations in Sentencing Misses the Mark" and can be downloaded below, gets started this way:
On March 5, 2012, the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) announced "Wide Variations Seen in Federal Sentencing." The press release accompanying TRAC's report stated it had discovered "extensive and hard-to-explain variations in the sentencing practices of district court judges." Media reports claimed "widely disparate sentences for similar crimes." (AP)
The data released by TRAC might in the future shed light on federal sentencing, but its initial analyses, and media coverage, demonstrate the danger of a little knowledge about a complex subject. TRAC's analysis fails to meet minimal academic standards and should not be a basis for policy making.
The cases sentenced by the judges in the study are not similar.
- The only similarity among the cases sentenced in each district is that prosecutors categorized them as "drug," "white collar," etc. All other case differences are ignored. Heroin or marijuana cases, involving 1 gram or 1 ton, are all called "similar" drug cases. First-time offenders are lumped with lifetime criminals.
- Academic researchers studying disparity use data from the U. S. Sentencing Commission to categorize cases along dozens of different variables, but this data was not used in TRAC's analysis.
The intra-district comparisons intended to control for differences among cases are flawed.
- The study compared median (half below, half above) sentences among judges in a particular district, on the assumption that these judges sentenced similar types of cases. But this is often untrue.
- Many districts have several courthouses in different cities, which sentence very different types of crimes. Average sentences should be different among judges who sentence different types of offenses and offenders.
- Academic researchers faced with this problem are careful to compare only judges in the same courthouse who are part of the same random case assignment pool. This helps compensate for individual case differences in the long run.
Recent related posts:
- New TRAC federal sentencing data (with judge identifiers!) highlights post-Booker variations
- "Surprising Judge-to-Judge Variations Documented In Federal Sentencing"
- Trying to unpack the new federal sentencing data from TRAC
March 7, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (4) | TrackBack
Monday, March 05, 2012
Trying to unpack the new federal sentencing data from TRAC
As reported in prior posts here and here, the folks at the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (aka TRAC) have assembled important new data on federal sentencing outcomes which includes information (linked here, but requiring a subscription) on sentencing outcomes for nearly every federal judge over the last five years. The New York Times has this new article about the TRAC data, which is headlined "Wide Sentencing Disparity Found Among US Judges," and highlights some more of the backstory concerning why the new TRAC data is so notable:
The trove of data subjects individual district court judges to a level of scrutiny unprecedented in the history of the judiciary....
Until the release of the data on Monday, it was difficult to review a judge's sentencing history over time, because public court records in criminal cases could not be searched by the names of judges, only by the names of criminal defendants or lawyers.
In addition, the United States Sentencing Commission excludes the name of the judge from its sentencing data, in part, experts said, because of the judiciary's concern that such data could be used to single out judges, who were freed from restrictive sentencing guidelines in 2005.
The new data were obtained under the Freedom of Information Act and analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, or TRAC, an organization based at Syracuse University that gathers data on the federal government.
The study covered each sentence imposed by federal district court judges in the past five years, for drug, white-collar and other kinds of crimes. Judges who had not sentenced at least 50 defendants were excluded, resulting in a pool of 885 judges who cumulatively had sentenced more than 370,000 defendants.
Unfortunately, based only on the publicly available materials set out by TRAC here in this simple report, I find it extremely hard to reach any new or refined views or conclusions about post-Booker sentencing practices. It seems that one must purchase a TRAC subscription to be only able even to understand the nature and potential limits of the data that TRAC has assembled concerning the sentencings of individual judges. Moreover, based on the TRAC reporting, I fear that the TRAC data only includes final sentencing outcomes and lacks any refined information about applicable mandatory minimums, calculated guideline ranges, offender criminal histories and other obviously relevant considerations that may be driving different sentencing patterns in different sets of cases.
Notably, at the end of the TRAC report, the folks at TRAC praise their justifiably praise their data compilation efforts with this comment: "TRAC has collected hundreds of thousands of required records, analyzed them in a new way and developed a sophisticated online system so that judges, law schools, scholars, public interest groups, Congress and others can easily access them and be better informed about the best ways to achieve the broad goal of improving the federal courts." I very much like this sentiment, and hope in the days and weeks ahead to see judges, law schools, scholars, public interest groups, Congress and others trying to unpack the TRAC data so we can all better understand and assess what it may be telling us.
Recent related posts:
- New TRAC federal sentencing data (with judge identifiers!) highlights post-Booker variations
- "Surprising Judge-to-Judge Variations Documented In Federal Sentencing"
March 5, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (1) | TrackBack
"Surprising Judge-to-Judge Variations Documented In Federal Sentencing"
As previously "previewed" in this post, today the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (aka TRAC) has released important new data and a report concerning federal sentencing practices in recent years. This TRAC report, which carries the same title as this post, is now available at this link, and it gets started this way:
An analysis of more than 370,000 cases completed in the nation's federal courts during the last five years has documented extensive and hard-to-explain differences in the sentencing practices by the judges working in many federal districts.
This first-of-its-kind, judge-by-judge review by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) of federal sentences imposed for drugs, white collar and other kinds of crimes from FY 2007 to FY 2011 indicates that the typical sentence handed down by a federal district court judge can be very different than the typical sentences handed down for similar cases by other judges in that same district. This finding raises questions about the extent to which federal sentences are influenced by the particular judge who was assigned to decide it rather than just the specific facts and circumstances of that case.
Caution. A key requirement for achieving justice is that the judges in a court system have sufficient discretion to consider the totality of circumstances in deciding that a sentence in a specific case is "just." No set of rules, including the federal sentencing guidelines, can substitute for this necessary flexibility.
But a fair court system also requires "equal justice" under the law. This means that the average or typical sentences of the judges will not be widely different for similar kinds of cases. So the goal of systematically examining sentences is not to develop a lockstep sentencing system. Rather, the goal is to provide both the courts and the public with accurate information so that they can examine whether justice is being achieved.
There is a whole lot here to consume and discuss in this TRAC report, and I hope to discuss what I see as soon as I get back from my afternoon class and have time to consume it.
Recent related post:
March 5, 2012 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (2) | TrackBack
Sunday, March 04, 2012
New TRAC federal sentencing data (with judge identifiers!) highlights post-Booker variations
A potential blockbuster new set of federal sentencing data is emerging this coming week thanks to the folks at TRAC, as first reported in this new AP article headlined "Federal sentences still vary widely." Here are excerpts from this first report on a story which I suspect will garner lots of attention (and posts) in the coming days and weeks:
A new study shows that federal judges are handing out widely disparate sentences for similar crimes 30 years after Congress tried to create fairer results, but the differences don't line up with the party of the president who appointed the judges, despite any impressions that Republicans or Democrats may be tougher or softer on crime.
Sentencing data from the past five years that was analyzed for The Associated Press by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse during this presidential election year show that sentences for the same types of crimes vary significantly between judges in the same courthouse. But the party of the president who picked a judge is not a good predictor of whether a judge will be tough or lenient on a defendant found guilty at trial.
The analysis showed the judges who meted out the harshest average sentences after trials for three of the most common types of crime — drugs, weapons and white-collar charges — were split evenly between the two parties, based on which president appointed them....
The sentencing disparities can be vast, but the study shows they are not partisan. For example, defendants convicted in a drug trial in the Southern District of California got an average sentence of 17 years before Republican-appointed judges, compared with six years before Democratic counterparts. But a weapons conviction after trial in the Eastern District of Michigan resulted in an average sentence of 21 years before the Democratic-appointed judges and an average of less than 12 from the Republican ones.
Those figures come from TRAC, a research center at Syracuse University that uses the Freedom of Information Act to collect data about federal law enforcement activities.
On Monday, TRAC planned to launch the first publicly available database of sentencing records, sortable by judge, after a 15-year struggle to get records from a reluctant Justice Department. The center has filed FOIA lawsuits against the department four times, dating to 1998, and combined the hundreds of thousands of records it ultimately obtained with information directly from the federal courts to produce the database.
The database, available to anyone who pays $65 a month for a TRAC subscription, shows how many sentencings each federal judge has handled from the 2007-2011 budget years, the average sentence each issues and how long on average it takes the judge to dispose of a case. It compares each judge's figures with others in the same district and across the country, as well as the percentage of their cases by type of crime. That data could be useful to researchers or attorneys trying to gauge the odds their clients face with a particular judge.
TRAC co-director David Burnham said the data raises questions about the extent to which the goal of equal justice under the law is being served in some districts. He said TRAC doggedly pursued the data because it's vital the public and the courts have evidence that could improve the justice system....
A striking difference jumps out on first glance at the database: The huge variation in workloads between judges. Eleven judges in Southwest border states handled more than 800 cases on average a year, because of the large number of illegal immigrants captured in the region. All of the judges ranked in the top 25 for heaviest caseload are from Southwest border districts, led by U.S. District Judge Robert Brack in New Mexico with 6,331 sentencings over the five years and Judges George Kazen and Micaela Alvarez from the Southern District of Texas with more than 5,750 each.
There is so much of political and practical importance to this story and the data that TRAC has assembled (and I have placed the important data backstory in bold because it merits extra attention).
Most fundamentally, the data TRAC have assembled involve, to my knowledge, the first major compilation of federal sentencing outcomes with specific information about which judges imposed what sentences. For that reason (and many others), I suspect a lot of folks (myself included) will be looking to buy this valuable data from TRAC and will be eager to figure out (a) how accurately it is assmebled and reported, and (b) how best to utilize this important new data for various purposes.
Wowsa! And stay tuned federal sentencing fans...
March 4, 2012 in Booker in district courts, Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (16) | TrackBack
Thursday, January 26, 2012
"The Price of Prisons: What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers"
The title of this post is the title of this important new (and relatively brief) report from the Vera Institute of Justice, which aspires to provide a complete picture of state prison costs to taxpayers. Here is the text of the e-mail blast I received about the report:
A newly released study by a team of Vera researchers calculates—for the first time—the full cost of prisons to taxpayers, including costs outside states' corrections budgets. The Price of Prisons: What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers—published today—shows that in 40 participating states the aggregate cost of prisons in FY2010 was $38.8 billion, $5.4 billion more than their corrections budgets reflected.
Individually, states' costs outside their corrections departments ranged from less than 1 percent of total prison costs in Arizona to as much as 34 percent in Connecticut. Detailed fact sheets for each of the 40 participating states are available [at this link].
The Price of Prisons is a joint product of Vera's Center on Sentencing and Corrections and its Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, and was conducted in partnership with the Public Safety Performance Project of the Pew Center on the States.
January 26, 2012 in Detailed sentencing data, Prisons and prisoners, Purposes of Punishment and Sentencing, Scope of Imprisonment | Permalink | Comments (17) | TrackBack
Sunday, January 08, 2012
Interesting new data on operation of death penalty in Connecticut
Thanks to this New York Times editorial by Lincoln Caplan, which carries the provocative headlined "The Random Horror of the Death Penalty," I saw this fascinating new study by Professor John Donohue concerning the operation of the death penalty in the Nutmeg State. First, from the study: it is titled "Capital Punishment in Connecticut, 1973-2007: A Comprehensive Evaluation from 4686 Murders to One Execution," and here is the start of the abstract:
This study explores and evaluates the application of the death penalty in Connecticut from 1973 until 2007, a period during which 4686 murders were committed in the state. The objective is to assess whether the system operates lawfully and reasonably or is marred by arbitrariness, caprice, or discrimination. My empirical approach has three components. First, I provide background information on the overall numbers of murders, death sentences, and executions in Connecticut. The extreme infrequency with which the death penalty is administered in Connecticut raises a serious question as to whether the state's death penalty regime is serving any legitimate social purpose.
Specifically, of the 4686 murders committed during the sample period, 205 are death-eligible cases that resulted in a homicide conviction, and 138 of these were charged with a capital felony. Of the 92 convicted of a capital felony, 29 then went to a death penalty sentencing hearing, resulting in 9 sustained death sentences, and one execution (in 2005). A comprehensive assessment of this process of winnowing reveals a troubling picture. Overall, the state's record of handling death-eligible cases represents a chaotic and unsound criminal justice policy that serves neither deterrence nor retribution.
Second, from the start and end of the NYT editorial:
The Supreme Court has not banned capital punishment, as it should, but it has long held that the death penalty is unconstitutional if randomly imposed on a handful of people. An important new study based on capital cases in Connecticut provides powerful evidence that death sentences are haphazardly meted out, with virtually no connection to the heinousness of the crime....
Professor Donohue designed an "egregiousness" ratings system to compare all 205 cases. It considered four factors: victim suffering (like duration of pain); victim characteristics (like age, vulnerability); defendant's culpability (motive, intoxication or premeditation); and the number of victims. He enlisted students from two law schools to rate each case (based on fact summaries without revealing the case's outcome or the race of the defendant or victim) on a scale from 1 to 3 (most egregious) for each of the four factors. The raters also gave each case an overall subjective assessment of egregiousness, from 1 (low) to 5 (high), to ensure that more general reactions could be captured.
The egregiousness scores for those charged with capital murder and those who were not were virtually identical; the nature of the crime bore almost no relationship to how the case came out. Among the 29 who had a death penalty hearing, there is no clear difference in the level of egregiousness for the 17 who got life without parole and the 12 sentenced to death (three eventually had their sentences vacated for various reasons). Among the 32 most awful cases on the four-factor egregiousness scale, only one resulted in a death sentence. Rather than punish the worst criminals, the Connecticut system, Professor Donohue found, operates with "arbitrariness and discrimination." The racial effect is very evident (minority defendants with white victims were far more likely to be sentenced to death than others), as is geographic disparity. In the city of Waterbury, a death-eligible killer was at least seven times as likely to be sentenced to death as in the rest of the state.
In 1972, the Supreme Court in Furman v. Georgia struck down state death-penalty laws that lacked guidelines on how the penalty should be applied. It found that with only 15 percent of death-eligible murder convictions in Georgia leading to a death sentence, imposition of the penalty was "freakishly" rare — and therefore arbitrary and unconstitutional. The rate in the Donohue study is far more extreme at 4.4 percent.
The court also said in Furman that a death-penalty system must have a "meaningful basis for distinguishing the few cases in which it is imposed from the many cases in which it is not." Clearly, Connecticut's system fails this requirement. Because it's a small state, Professor Donohue was able to conduct a comprehensive study of every capital murder case with a conviction. But Connecticut's lessons also apply to bigger states, like California, Texas and Ohio, where prosecutors even in neighboring counties use drastically different factors to impose the death penalty.
In 2011, the number of new death sentences imposed in the United States fell by 25 percent to 78, the lowest number since capital punishment was reinstated in 1976. This "freakishly" rare application — among the thousands of murder cases a year — is strong evidence that every state system is arbitrary and capricious. The death penalty in Connecticut is clearly unconstitutional, barbaric and should be abolished, as it should be everywhere.
I may have a lot more to say about the implications of Professor Donohue's research once I have a chance to reads his entire study. But I will begin by suggesting that I do not think Furman can or should be read to hold or even imply that county-by-county differences in the application of the death penalty within a state serve to make the operation of the death penalty unconstitutional. A state's policymakers may surely decide that such geographic differences make for bad policy and should be addressed legislatively; but I do not think the judiciary can or should hold that such differences alone make the death penalty unconstitutional.
January 8, 2012 in Apprendi / Blakely Retroactivity , Data on sentencing, Death Penalty Reforms, Detailed sentencing data, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (10) | TrackBack
Thursday, December 15, 2011
Latest official BJS numbers show historic modern decrease in prison population
Proving once again the aphorism that what goes up (and up and up and up) must eventually come down, this new press release reports on a notable new development concerning modern prison populations:
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported today that the number of offenders under adult correctional supervision in the U.S. declined 1.3 percent in 2010, the second consecutive year of decline since BJS began reporting on this population in 1980. At yearend 2010, about 7.1 million people, or 1 in 33 adults, were under the supervision of adult correctional authorities in the U.S.
In addition, the total U.S. prison population fell to 1.6 million at yearend 2010, a decline of 0.6 percent during the year, the first decline in the total prison population in nearly four decades. This decline was due to a decrease of 10,881 in the number of state prisoners, which fell to just under 1.4 million persons and was the largest yearly decrease since 1977. The federal prison population grew by 0.8 percent (1,653 prisoners) to reach 209,771, the smallest percentage increase since 1980....
During 2010, prison releases (708,677) exceeded prison admissions (703,798). The decrease in commitments into state prison, especially the 3.3 percent decrease in the number committed from the courts on a new sentence, was responsible for the decline in the state prison population. The time that offenders entering state prison could expect to serve on a commitment, about 2 years, remained relatively stable between 2009 and 2010, which indicates that the decline in the state prison population during the year was the result of a decrease in admissions.
Half of state departments of corrections reported decreases in their prison population during 2010. California (down 6,213) and Georgia (down 4,207) reported the largest decreases, followed by New York (down 2,031) and Michigan (down 1,365). Illinois (up 3,257) reported the largest increase, followed by Texas (up 2,400) and Arkansas (up 996).
In 2010, the U.S. imprisonment rate dropped to 497 inmates per 100,000 residents, continuing a decline since 2007, when the imprisonment rates peaked at 506 inmates per 100,000 residents. The national imprisonment rate for males (938 per 100,000 male U.S. residents) was about 14 times the imprisonment rate for females (67 per 100,000 female U.S. residents).
Among offender age groups, about 3.1 percent of black males in the nation were in state or federal prison, compared to just under 0.5 percent of white males and 1.3 percent of Hispanic males. Also, an estimated 7.3 percent of all black males ages 30 to 34 were incarcerated with a sentence of more than 1 year.
All of these interesting data and lots and lots more appear this pair of new documents:
I cannot overstate how excited I am to learn that, at the same time that US crime rates continue to hit record modern lows, we are also seeing a decrease in the number of persons incarcerated throughout the country. And I hope and trust that all readers, no matter what their perspective on sentencing law and policy, will also see this news as cause for celebration.
December 15, 2011 in Data on sentencing, Detailed sentencing data, Prisons and prisoners, Scope of Imprisonment, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (2) | TrackBack
DPIC year-end report indicates record-low number of US death sentences in 2011
The Death Penalty Information Center has just released its always notable year-end report for 2011, which can be accessed here. The report carries this lengthy sub-title: "Illinois Abolition, Oregon Moratorium, and Troy Davis Execution Highlight Growing Concerns About Death Penalty; Executions Decline, Death Sentences Fall Well Below 100." As the title to this post reveals, I think the most notable and important part of the 2011 story is the significant decline in death sentences as discussed in these passages from the report:
Death sentences continued their sharp decline since the 1990s. The number of new death sentences imposed in 2011 stands at 78, a decline of about 75% since 1996, when 315 inmates were sentenced to death. This is the lowest number of death sentences in any year since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. Texas, which had 48 new death sentences in 1999, had only 8 this year.
California, the state with the largest death row, saw its death sentences drop by more than half this year -- 10 compared with 29 in 2010 (at least 2 other cases resulted in a jury verdict of death, but the judge has not imposed the sentence). Many death penalty states, such as Maryland, South Carolina, Missouri and Indiana had no new death sentences in 2011. The South and West combined for 87% of the death sentences, while the Midwest and Northeast had 12%.
The annual number of death sentences began declining after 1998. In the 1990s there were close to 300 death sentences annually. Since then, the number has dropped steadily, as the risks of executing the innocent grew more apparent and life without parole sentences became more common. In every region of the country, death sentences have declined, which eventually will affect the number of executions.
Couple points of follow-up to detail some of my thoughts about this part of the story:
1. Though innocence concerns and an LWOP alternative definitely help explain why the national death sentences have declined "about 75% since 1996," these factors do not alone strike me as a sufficient explanation for the big dip in death sentences from 2010 (with 112 death sentences nationwide) to 2011 (with only 78 death sentences). As reflected in this effective Wall Street Journal article about this DPIC report, I suspect the high costs of prosecuting capital cases is prompting fewer prosecutors to seek death sentences and/or more prosecutors being willing to accept plea deals that take death off the table after a capital indictment.
2. I seriously doubt that a decline of the national number of death sentences, unless and until the number gets into teens, "will affect the number of executions" anytime soon. There are still well over 3000 murderers on death row right now, which means the US could have more than five decades of executions at the now-common pace of around 50 executions (and 10 death sentence reversals) each year even if there were zero new death sentences over the next half-century. In addition, there are reasons to believe that many of the newer death sentences in recent years are "better" (i.e., less likely to be reversed) because prosecutors, jurors and judges are not seeking or imposing death sentences in more questionable cases.
3. Speaking of execution rates and death sentences, the latest DPIC data highlight that the yearly execution numbers lately are principally a function of how quickly and how often Texas, Ohio, Alabama, Georgia, Florida and a few other serious death penalty states get murderers from death row to the execution chamber. These five states alone already have nearly 1200 murderers condemned to die, which means these five states alone could sustain a pace of, say, thirty executions per year until the year 2050 without the imposition of any new executions over that time. And if California with its more than 700 condemned murderers were ever to get seriously back into the execution business (which I very much doubt)....
December 15, 2011 in Death Penalty Reforms, Detailed sentencing data, Who Sentences? | Permalink | Comments (3) | TrackBack


text:
2008 Paul Mas Estate, Single-Vineyard Collection, Marsanne, Vin de Pays d'Oc
Producer: | Les Domaines Paul Mas |
Vintage: | 2008 |
Grape variety: | Marsanne |
Date tasted: | 4 December 2009 |
Price when tasted: | £7.99 |
Tasting notes
Made by a winery that has a big presence in Languedoc. This is a lovely, brisk Marsanne boasting a fleshy, broad nose of honey, nectarine and herbs. To taste, it's juicy and mineral, with a pleasing texture that is weighty but never cloying. Drink from 2009. (16 points) £7.99

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jewish History
Jewish History, the sole English language publication devoted exclusively to history and the Jews, expands the horizons of historical writing on the Jews. Not only does the journal publish contributions from the field of history, but also from the intersection of history with art, literature, sociology, and anthropology.
The diverse personal and professional backgrounds of the journal's contributors represent a truly international meeting of the minds and are reflected in the journal's innovative essays. Special issues have included women and Jewish inheritance, the Jews of Latin America, and Jewish self-imaging.
- 28 Volumes
- 67 Issues
- 598 Articles
- 7 Open Access
- 1986 - 2014 Available between
Latest Articles
"A Questioning of the Jewish Status Quo": Midstream, Shlomo Katz, and American Zionist Letters at Midcentury
Emily Alice Katz (March 2015)
Anthony Molho (December 2014)
Toward a Greek History of the Jews of Salonica?
Efi Avdela (December 2014)
- Journal Title
- Jewish History
- Coverage
- Volume 1 / 1986 - Volume 28 / 2014
- Print ISSN
- Online ISSN
- 1572-8579
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
Previous Title | Print ISSN | Online ISSN |
Hîstôry¯a yêhûdît | 0334-701X | 1572-8579 |
Continue reading...
To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


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Mt. Stuart Climber Survives 800-Foot Fall
After her fall, Viviane Debros spent nearly 21 hours seriously injured and awaiting rescue.
Climber in Serious Condition After Fall From Cliff
New Mexico rescuers rappelled down steep and rocky terrain to retrieve the woman who fell 30 feet.


text:
PlantFiles: Louisiana Blue Phlox, Woodland Phlox, Wild Sweet William, Wild Blue Phlox
Phlox divaricata 'Blue Perfume'
Family: Polemoniaceae (po-le-moh-nee-AY-see-ee) (Info) Genus: Phlox (floks) (Info) Species: divaricata (dy-vair-ih-KAY-tuh) (Info) Cultivar: Blue Perfume One member has or wants this plant for trade. Category: Height: Spacing: Hardiness: Sun Exposure: Danger: Bloom Color: Bloom Time: Foliage: Other details: Soil pH requirements: Patent Information: Propagation Methods: Seed Collecting: |
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This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Hebron, Kentucky


text:
Little Dragon Tickets
Find the Little Dragon tickets you're looking for on NME ticket exchange, the world's largest ticket marketplace. Select an event to view the range of tickets available or view the Little Dragon tour on a map to find an event near you. You can also sell your spare Little Dragon Concert Tickets on NME ticket exchange, and listing tickets is free. All Little Dragon tickets are covered by the NME ticket exchange Ticket guarantee!
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text: Here's one I just finished. The Testors 25 Model T with pre-painted metal body. I like to do a quick builder like this every now & then just to keep from getting burned out on the more detailed kits. I gave this one a coat of HOK clear to shine it up a bit & did some detail painting throughout. Hope you enjoy.


text:
Atlassian's Farquhar justifies London switch
PUBLISHED: 18 Feb 2014 00:05:47 | UPDATED: 22 Feb 2014 02:58:14PUBLISHED: 17 Feb 2014 PRINT EDITION: 18 Feb 2014Scott Farquhar of Atlassian . . . its plans to relocate its headquarters caused concern among the technology start-up community. Photo: Louise Kennerley
James Hutchinson
Atlassian co-chief executive Scott Farquhar has defended relocating the company's headquarters from Sydney to London, saying it was seeking to gain traction with global investors as it prepares for an imminent public float.
A fortnight after the Federal Court approved the company's move to "top hat" its company in London, Mr Farquhar acknowledged the company was seeking greater fortunes outside Australia but would continue to invest in its Sydney office.
"We did a global search . . . and it turned out it made more sense to put our headquarters there rather than leave it in Australia," he told The Australian Financial Review.
"As we head towards being a public company, which at some stage is most likely in our future – most technology companies go public at some stage – we thought it would be best prepared for a global investor base."
Mr Farquhar said there were no plans to change the tax structure, which has seen the company recognise $US641 million ($709 million) in export revenue since he and co-chief Mike Cannon-Brookes founded Atlassian in 2002.
The company makes tools for software developers at 33,000 companies globally, 93 per cent of which are outside Australia. It is recognised as one of the country's most successful technology exports after it raised $US60 million venture capital from Silicon Valley's Accel Partners in 2010.
But the plans to relocate its headquarters caused concern among the technology start-up community, with suggestions it was indicative of an exodus of companies to economies more conducive to tech start-ups such as the UK and Israel.
Plans for 85 new hires in Sydney alone
The company, which is majority owned by Mr Farquhar and Mr Cannon-Brookes, has all but ruled out a public float on the Australian Securities Exchange, decrying lack of knowledge or support from local investors for technology companies, leading to speculation Atlassian could list on the tech-heavy Nasdaq in New York.
Mr Farquhar would not confirm a time frame or location for a float, but said that other companies had begun considering exchanges outside New York as technology hubs.
"We want to have a company that's around in 50 years time, that lasts well beyond the Mike and Scott show that it is today," Mr Farquhar said.
"We're practising being a public company at the moment where we do earnings reports internally."
The company increased revenues by 34 per cent during the 2013 financial year to $149.4 million, according to regulatory filings, with earnings of $21 million.
Mr Farquhar said the company planned to increase its global staff of 800 by 30 per cent over the next six months, with 85 new hires being planned for its core Sydney office alone.
But he said it had become difficult and expensive to find enough experienced graduates to take up developer positions, leading to the company hiring more developers in the United States, and opening a new development centre in Vietnam, where high school students are required to take computer science courses.
"The Australian dollar coming off has made it easier for us to be more globally competitive in hiring staff," he said.
"When the dollar was $US1.07 . . . it was more expensive to hire people in Sydney than in Silicon Valley, which blows my mind. The main constraint we have is still finding good people and getting graduates."
The Australian Financial Review


text:
Proposed Ocean City Ad: Gov. Stealing Fun
School test scores are important, but let's not forget mini-golf scores. That's the tongue-in-cheek message coming from MGH, Ocean City's advertising agency, to encourage Maryland's children to support a school year that starts after Labor Day.
Pair Charged With 46 Counts In Thefts From Cars
A Frostburg couple has been indicted on charges of stealing from cars in Allegany County.
Juvenile Charged With Thefts From Frederick Cars
Police say they've charged a juvenile with stealing from cars in downtown Frederick.
Md. Man Convicted Of Stealing Apple Products Off Trucks
A Maryland man has been convicted of conspiring to commit armed robberies of delivery trucks that were distributing Apple Inc. products throughout the region.
Elusive Glen Burnie Teacher Avoids Warrant For 3 Months
Anne Arundel County authorities have been trying for three months to serve a warrant on a Glen Burnie teacher accused of stealing from a community charity.
Holiday Thief Caught On Camera Stealing Packages
Howard County police are looking for a man caught on video stealing packages that had just been delivered to a Columbia home.
City Workers Being Investigated For Scrap Metal Theft
More than a dozen city transportation workers could lose their jobs for misconduct and theft, after stealing thousands of dollars worth of scrap metal.
Ex-Postal Worker Pleads Guilty To Mail Theft
A former postal service employee has pleaded guilty to stealing cash and gift cards from the mail.
Homeless Duo Charged With Stealing From Businesses
Westminster police have arrested a homeless couple they say stole $1,400 worth of jewelry from two businesses.
Ex-Employee Admits To Stealing $200K In Jewelry
A woman has admitted to stealing more than $200,000 worth of jewelry from the Arundel Mills store where she worked.
Police: 3 Md. Men Stole $35K In Fuel In Pa.
Police say three Maryland men accused of stealing $35,000 in diesel fuel in the last two months were taken into custody in central Pennsylvania.
2 Aberdeen Proving Ground Employees Plead Guilty To Stealing Tons Of Metal
Federal prosecutors say two employees at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) have pleaded guilty to stealing several tons of aluminum and copper wire from several locations and buildings at the site.


text:
Cocosa Family Photos
Find Cocosa records
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other Cocosa records at Ancestry.com.
Search for Cocosa recordsLatest Photos
We couldn't find any Cocosa family photos, if you have any to share with the community, click here. Return to this page to find Cocosa pictures as they are uploaded by the community. Here are the latest photos upload to AncientFaces:


text:
Competition closes today, Saturday 26 October at 12 noon.
We have 20 fabulous Coronation Street caricature fridge magnets designed by @pickledjo to be won in an exclusive competition here on the Coronation Street Blog.
Check out Pickled Jo's ebay shop here and her website here.
Anticipating a lot of love for Hayley Cropper, we have 5 magnets with Hayley on them, one with Roy and Hayley and one with Roy. The others feature Emily Bishop, Michelle Connor, Owen Armstrong, Tina McIntyre, Audrey Roberts, David and Kylie Platt, Peter Barlow, Ken and Deirdre Barlow, Bet Lynch, Elsie Tanner, Hilda Ogden, Jack Duckworth and Eileen Grimshaw.
To be in with a chance of winning one of these great Corrie charicature fridge magnets, all you have to do is....
...email me at email@example.com with MAGNET in your email subject header and the correct answers to the two questions below.
20 winners will be drawn at random from all correct entries received. Overseas fans can enter this competition. Entries from moneysavingsexpert, Loquax and all other competition entry websites will not be included.
Good luck! Deadline for entries is Saturday 26 October 2013 at 2pm.
When you email in, please say which magnet you would prefer to win as your first choice and also list a second and third choice (incase you're drawn as a winner and your first and second choices have already been won by someone who has been drawn ahead of you).
Question 1: On Pickled Jo's website in the Corrie charicatures, what is Dev wearing on his head?
Question 2: On the Coronation Street Blog's Corrie Panto 2013 page, which Yorkshire town is Steve Huison starring in panto this year?
Check out all our current competitions here
You can follow us on Twitter @CoroStreetBlog and Facebook: CoronationStreetBlog
All original work on the Coronation Street Blog is covered by a Creative Commons License
Saturday, 26 October 2013
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text:
Win and they're in is the simple reality that faces Oakland Athletics when they play Texas Rangers at the Globe Life Park in Arlington on Sunday.
Seattle Mariners fell three games behind in the race for the American League Wild Card when they were hammered 10-2 by the Blue Jays.
Logic dictates that with seven games remaining in the regular season that the Oakland Athletics are in the post-season.
The Oakland Athletics prolonged slump continued on Saturday when they were blanked 3-0 by the visiting Philadelphia Phillies at the O.co Coliseum.
The Seattle Mariners got the better of the LA Angels to move to within a game of the Oakland Athletics in the race for an American League wildcard place.
The Oakland Athletics bounced back from the disappointment of an extra innings loss to the White Sox on Monday, by hammering their hosts 11-2 on Tuesday at US Cellular Park in Chicago.
The Oakland Athletics visit the White Sox at US Cellular Field in Chicago seven games adrift of the Los Angeles Angels in the race for the American League West crown.
The Seattle Mariners picked up their fifth straight victory on Saturday to move to within two games of the Oakland Athletics in the chase for the first of two American League Wild Cards.
The Oakland Athletics open a three-game series with the Houston Astros on Friday evening at the O.co Coliseum.
The Los Angeles Angels completed an improbable four-game sweep of the Oakland Athletics over the weekend to move five games clear of their rivals in American League West.
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Roy Miller
Setting goals: Recapping the year, picking 2015 resolutions for Florida teams
Marks, fellow tackle Roy Miller and middle linebacker ..... injury, though Lamar Miller played well and enjoyed ..... centers. -- KH TAMPA BAY BUCCANEERS 2014 overview What was ..... nightmare instead. The Bucs finished 2-14, their ..... often. Smith says his Bucs are close to turning
Blake Bortles to make home debut for winless Jags vs. Steelers
Antonio Brown and TE Heath Miller against the Jaguars ..... receptions with nine. Miller began the week seventh ..... with 21 catches. While Miller is averaging fewer than ..... against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers , Bell became the first ..... the previously winless Bucs was their 13 penalties ..... Davis (shoulder), DT Roy Miller (ankle), T Austin
Jaguars take on Colts as both teams look for first win this season
after what happened Thursday night with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers , they can't lay claim to the title of the team in ..... start at the basic level." -- Jaguars defensive tackle Roy Miller on what coach Gus Bradley counted as 10 busted assignments
Jaguars open regular season with road game at Eagles
line, particularly DT Roy Miller and DE Red Bryant. The ..... run, the side where Miller and Bryant ordinarily ..... during the preseason. Miller is showing no lingering ..... defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 41-14 in December 2011
Preseason primer: Jaguars look to take step forward in Year 2 under Bradley
steer clear of major injuries. A rotation of Hood, Roy Miller and Sen'Derrick Marks in the middle of the defensive ..... looks formidable on paper. LB Dekoda Watson (Tampa Bay Buccaneers ) was placed Tuesday on the active/physically unable


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What does PWB 6.5 stand for?
What does PWB 6.5 mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: PWB 6.5.
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"PWB 6.5." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/PWB%206.5>.


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This recipe goes with Umatilla Smash
Southern Living SEPTEMBER 2012
Cut kumquats into thin slices, and place in a medium bowl. Combine sugar and water in a small saucepan; bring to a boil over medium-high heat, stirring often. Boil, stirring often, 1 minute. Pour mixture over kumquats; let stand at room temperature 30 minutes.
Go to Full Version of


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v0.1 Beta release of openoffice.org addon
Friday, November 30th, 2007Finally, there's a light at the end of the tunnel. It's 4:21 AM and I'm very happy to reach this stage with the openoffice addon.
You can download it Openoffice.org addon for clker.com integration . Installation is very easy, from the tools menu in openoffice, select Extension Manager. Click add, and point to the file. You will need to restart openoffice for it to work.
This extension will show you the contents of your basket stored on clker, and will allow you to place any clipart image in the clipboard, then you can paste it in the correct place in your document.
Still there are some minor issues:
- The addon parent is currently null, so an extra window will appear in the task bar
- The way we place the picture in the clipboard is by loading it in draw, select all and copy then closing draw. There are better ways for doing this. You will notice that the screen will flicker especially if your using the ODG or the SVG formats since draw takes some time to render the vectors.
In case you wanted to play with the source, the addon source is here.
Technorati Tags: addon, uno, openoffice, gallery, clipart, online, clker


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My time spent working at a thrift store has all been worth it on this very day.
Where else can you get a kick-awesome, never-been-opened drawing tablet for so little money?
I mean, hey. It may be just a little outdated... but wouja believe it was only FIFTEEN BUCKS???
It's a Bamboo Fun. Small size. From 2007 or so.
I am so excited.
Now I just have to figure out how to use it...


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by removing oklahoma and texas from the big 12 coaches list, which coach in the remainder of the big 12 does the best job of recruting???? i think mike gundy may have an edge on the rest of the remainder coaches because boone pickens gave oklahoma state tons or wheelbarrows of dollar bills to upgrade their facilities. i think facilities make a big impression on incoming or potential recruits. mack brown's two new coaches(the offensive coordinator and defensive coordinator) are recruiting taller athletes this year for 2013... i think they have about 12 recruits and a majority of them are taller than 6-4 and several are close to 6-6 in height.. i think paul rhoads will become a good recruiter if he starts winning more ball games. we need to recruit homegrown iowa kids and keep them away from uni,iowa and drake.
**2014 CRZZZFFL REGULAR SEASON CHAMPION*** "Id rather f------ work at McDonalds than work with some of those guys. Not that there is anything bad about working at McDonalds. - Bo Pelini
CFH since this is the MBB forum.
Tommy Tuberville just put together a nice class, probably the third-best in the Big 12.
Forum Rules


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In Defense of Orgasms
I recently read Peace Between the Sheets by Marnia Robinson. In this book, Robinson proposes that orgasms are bad for your health and your relationship. In the grand scheme of things, I beg to disagree.
I agree with some of what she has written. The brain responds to orgasms the same way it responds to addictive chemicals. We can, in effect, become addicted to orgasms. I don't mean becoming a full fledged sex addict. Instead, I'm talking about a more subtle addiction. This low level addiction is what makes many men (and some women) think they need sex every day and causes them to masturbate daily even when they are in a relationship.
Mindless, disconnected orgasms like that aren't necessarily bad for you. However, when those kinds of orgasms are typical and habitual, you're really selling yourself short. They may help to relieve tension, but they can also dissipate beneficial energy in the body. Most men have learned to orgasm in this way: the "fantasize, stimulate, ejaculate" model. It's not related to real life and takes you away from awareness of your self or your partner. That kind of orgasm is like eating astronaut ice cream (you know, the freeze dried kind) instead of Haagen-Dazs. It'll do in a pinch, but it's not really satisfying.
A better, more satisfying orgasm is what I would call a mindful or connected orgasm. This is usually associated with a partner, but it can be done solo as well. Akin to meditation, you focus your attention on the task at hand, rather than rushing to the end result. The feel of your partner's skin, their scent, their responses, are all focus points for you, and vice versa. You don't have to be romantic or leisurely, either; you just have to focus your attention on what's happening in each moment. To go deeper into this type of orgasm, try it with your eyes open, looking into your partner's eyes.
The best type of orgasm is what I call a union orgasm. This is what Robinson was attempting to educate people about. It's a Tantric orgasm in the truest sense and creates a full-body, every cell involved orgasm that rocks you to the core of your being. Your sense of individual self dissolves into union with the Divine. During intercourse, a man can receive this kind of orgasm by withholding his ejaculation. It takes a lot of practice, but the idea behind it is that you take all that sexual tension and re-circulate it through the body using a certain type of breath work, and channel it to access the kundalini energy.


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hazardous materials Companies in United Kingdom
PE International AG
based in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, GERMANY
PE are the leading sustainability performance management company, a trusted partner and supplier to over 40% of the fortune 500 companies. We help companies to create business value by enabling them to architect their business to succeed sustainably – Increase sales through product innovation, brand enhancement through improved reputation, reduced cost through operational ...
Eriez Magnetics Europe Ltd
based in Bedwas, UNITED KINGDOM
Extensive range of ferrous and non-ferrous metal separators to separate and recover all metals, including stainless steel. Eriez products include overband magnetic separators, ferrite and rare earth drum magnets, eddy current separators (non-ferrous metal separators), magnetic filters, high sensitivity all-metal separators and metal detectors. Eriez is a well-established ...
Tetronics (International) Ltd
based in Swindon, UNITED KINGDOM
Tetronics is a global leader in the supply of Waste Recovery Plants. We have the capability to manage the complete deployment lifecycle of a Waste Recovery Plant from initial testing of the waste material at Tetronics' test facility, the most comprehensive in Europe, through to the physical onsite installation of a full commercial plant. Tetronics' patented Plasma Arc ...
Analytik Jena AG
based in Jena, GERMANY
Analytik Jena is a provider of instruments and products in the areas of analytical measuring technology, life science, and optoelectronics. Its portfolio includes the most modern analytical technology, complete systems for bioanalytical applications in the life science area, and high-end optical consumer products. Comprehensive laboratory software management and ...
based in Helsingborg, SWEDEN
Nederman, one of the world's leading environment technology companies, develops, produces and markets products and systems for the extraction of dust, smoke, vehicle exhaust fumes and equipment for industrial cleaning. Nederman also produces and sells a comprehensive range of hose and cable reels.
ITK Envifront
based in Växjö, SWEDEN
We offer clean air and better economy. Our idea of business is to help our customers to reduce their costs within the air pollution control. We develop, design and manufacture flue gas cleaning systems for various processes within different branches. Such as fabric filters, bag filters, cassette filters, pre collectors, dry adsorbtion technology for flue gas. Flu gas ...
International Products Corporation
based in Burlington, NEW JERSEY (USA)
International Products Corporation manufactures specialty cleaners and temporary assembly lubricants at their ISO 9001-Certified facility in Burlington, NJ. They are equipped with state-of-the-art manufacturing, packaging, and warehousing equipment, and their on-site laboratory is equipped for analytical work and continued development of products. International Products ...
EcoIntense GmbH
based in Berlin, GERMANY
With offices in Germany and the U.S. EcoIntense (founded 2007) is the leading specialist for HSE management software solutions. Our 100% web-based software solution EcoWebDesk complies with ISO 14001, ISO 50001 and OHSAS 18001. EcoWebDesk is the one-stop shopping solution for organizations providing data consistency, streamlined processes, real time information as well as ...
based in Englewood, COLORADO (USA)
IHS is the leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape – including environmental, health, safety and sustainability (EHS&S). Businesses and governments worldwide rely on IHS software, content and expertise to manage a broad spectrum of critical EHS business challenges, including operational risk, product stewardship, ...
MEGTEC Systems
based in De Pere, WISCONSIN (USA)
MEGTEC Systems provides environmental compliance solutions that make economic sense. MEGTEC offers a portfolio of proven, high-efficiency technologies including wet electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and liquid atomization systems for particulate and acid gas control, DeNOx and evaporative gas cooling, regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) for VOC abatement and odor ...


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Deep Green Bungalows
Apartment | Yazir Koyu, Olympos, Kumluca, Antalya, Olympos, Turkey 07350
17 out of 17 customers would recommend this property
Recent review (22/09/2013)
Paul Luning thinks…
"The staff was very friendly, the breakfast and dinner delicious, and overall atmosphere great."
Read all Deep Green Bungalows reviewsFacilities
- Air Conditioning
- Bar
- Credit cards accepted
- Car Parking
- No curfew
- Currency Exchange
- Games room
- Secure lockers
- Lounge area
- Internet / Wi-Fi
- Restaurant
- Safety deposit
- 24 hour hot showers
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Washing machines
Purchasable Extras
- Airport Pickup USD 63.75
What's Included
- Breakfast
- Linen
- Towel
Cancellation Policy
Customers can cancel their reservation free of charge up to 2 days before arrival (local time). Payments made to HostelBookers are non-refundable.
Check-In/Out Details
Earliest check-in: 13:00
Latest Check-out: 11:00
See other properties in Olympos
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Hostel |
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Hotel |
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Enter dates to check prices
About Deep Green Bungalows
Room rates include breakfast and dinner.
Hot water is available all day.
Wireless internet connection, library, and games are available and free of charge.
Deep Bar;
Is waiting for you with meticulously chosen music, fire, reasonable prices and live music from time to time.
Daily Boat Trips;
Depending on the route preferences and weather conditions, Ceneviz Cove, Sazak Cove, Çoban Harbour (Pirate Cove) or Suluada (Water Island), American Cove routes can be visited. The trips are all day trips and departure time is 10 am at Deep Green. Lunch (fish-salad-macaroni/pilaf), hot drinks and fruits are included in the trip price. Booking a day before is highly recomended.
Yanartas (Chimaera) Trip;
Every evening after dinner Yanartas Trips are organised so that you can see the eternal fire and enjoy the landscape.
Boat Fishing;
We arrange boats departuring from Adrasan Cove, for all day or half of the day depending on your fishing preferences.
Trekking; Olympos Ancient City is located on the Lycian Way, and have many lovely walking parcours.
Diving, Rock Climbing, Canyon Trips and activities likewise are organized through other establishments.
Check in - 13:00
Check out - 11:00
We support our guests about check in/out depending on availability of the room.
Please contact us regarding your arrival time.
Cash or credit cards accepted for payment of balance upon arrival
Accommodation Information
Deep Green Bungalows offer 2 types of accomodation.
There are hostel style dormitories in which guests share a room. Up to 3 guests can accomodate in each dormitory.
Deep Green also offers private bungalows which can accomodate 2 - 4 guests.
The private bungalow types avaible are: single, double/twin, triple and quad.
- Single rooms come with a comfortable single bed.
- Double/twin rooms come with a double bed/two single beds.
- Triple rooms come with one double and one single/three single beds.
- Quad rooms come with one double and one bunk beds.
All of the room rates include breakfast and dinner.
Room rates are per night and per person.
All rooms (private bungalows & dormitories) have private bathrooms (shower and wc) and cabinet.
All of the private bungalows have air conditioning.
Hot water is available all day.
Location Information
Deep Green Bungalows
Yazir Koyu, Olimpos
Kumluca, Antalya
Deep Green Bungalows is in the middle of Olmpos Valley with its great pine landscape and only 1 km far from the beach.
Other languages
- Deutsch: Deep Green Bungalows
- Español: Deep Green Bungalows
- Français: Deep Green Bungalows
- Italiano: Deep Green Bungalows
- Português: Deep Green Bungalows