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Originally written on
Tennis Grand Stand
Last updated 11/6/14
By Evan Valeri
In this series of articles, I will break down what the ultimate ATP player's game would look like in today's singles game. This first article will dive into which modern players have the most desirable strokes.
Serve: Milos Raonic
In 2012, Milos "The Missile" Raonic led the ATP Tour in service games won (winning 93%), 1st serve points won (winning 82%), and break points saved (74% saved). He also ranked second in the field in aces, by serving 1002 untouchable bombs, only three behind big serving American John Isner. Milos is able to keep opponents guessing because he has a full artillery of serves to choose from. At the 2012 Rogers Cup he served the third fastest serve ever at 155.3mph. Milos backs the heater up by mixing in kick serves that can jump over the heads of opponents as they curve way outside the doubles alley, and sliding slices that are tough to retrieve unless you are stretch Armstrong. And to top it off he can vary the pace and combine the spins so oppo...
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All Dreamweaver Titles
- This book will show you how to combine the power of Adobe Photoshop 7 and Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, both the premier applications in their fields.
The Essential Guide to Dreamweaver CS3 with CSS, Ajax, and PHP
Teaches you everything you need to know about Dreamweaver CS3, from setting up your development environment, to publishing your sites and applications on the web, and everything in between.
The Essential Guide to Dreamweaver CS4 with CSS, Ajax, and PHP
Concentrates on getting the best out of Dreamweaver CS4, in a pragmatic, practical fashion.

subset: commoncrawl


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A Dark Room may not be much to look at, but behind the simple menus and walls of text is an unexpectedly involved (and super-bleak) adventure. And from now until Monday morning (8/4), it's totally free.
If you've been holding off on checking out A Dark Room for whatever reason, well then now is the time to fix that. Regardless of how off-putting the lack of graphics may or may not be, it's a free download. And "as grandpa Alfonse always said, 'anything free is worth saving up for.'"
You can (and should) grab A Dark Room off the App Store now for free.
via: Our Review


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PC Connection Receives Award At Cisco Partner Summit 2013
PC Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ: PCCC), a provider of a full range of information technology (IT) solutions to business, government, and education markets, today announced that it is the recipient of a Cisco Partner Summit Geographical Region award for Americas Strategic Partner Organization Commercial Partner of the Year. This award recognizes exemplary organizations who demonstrate best-in-class business practices and serve as a model to the industry within their respective region.
"Winning the award for our region reflects PC Connection's unparalleled ability to deliver end-to-end IT solutions to all of our customers through Cisco technologies," said Tim McGrath, President and Chief Executive Officer of PC Connection, Inc. "This recognition from Cisco highlights our ability to offer the services and technical expertise our customers require to solve their unique business challenges. We are excited to continue to strengthen our relationship with Cisco as we meet the IT needs of our customers with innovative solutions, value, and exceptional service."
As a Cisco Gold Certified Partner, PC Connection provides the highest possible levels of service, expertise, and reliability. The Company achieved this elite status by heavily investing in and training a highly skilled team in Cisco technologies and by consistently delivering high levels of customer satisfaction. PC Connection has more than 300 Cisco certifications and holds advanced specializations in every Cisco architecture. A deep partnership with Cisco enables PC Connection to deliver an unbeatable customer experience and to develop IT solutions that improve efficiency, reduce costs, and optimize performance from the edge of the wireless network to the core of the data center.
About PC Connection, Inc.
PC Connection, Inc., a Fortune 1000 company, has three wholly owned sales subsidiaries: PC Connection Sales Corporation, MoreDirect, Inc., and GovConnection, Inc., headquartered in Merrimack, NH; Boca Raton, FL; and Rockville, MD; respectively. All three companies can deliver custom-configured computer systems overnight from our ISO 9001:2008 certified technical configuration lab at our distribution center in Wilmington, OH. Investors and media can find more information about PC Connection, Inc. at http://ir.pcconnection.com. PC Connection Sales Corporation (800-800-5555), the original business of PC Connection, Inc. serving primarily the small- and medium-sized business sector, is a rapid-response provider of IT products and services. It offers more than 300,000 brand-name products through its staff of technically trained sales account managers and telesales specialists, catalogs, publications, and its website at www.pcconnection.com. This company also serves consumer and small office users and is, under its MacConnection brand (800-800-2222), one of Apple's largest authorized online resellers at www.macconnection.com. MoreDirect, Inc. (561-237-3300), www.moredirect.com, provides corporate technology buyers with best-in-class IT solutions, in-depth IT supply-chain expertise, and access to over 300,000 products and 1,600 vendors through TRAXX™, our proprietary cloud-based eProcurement system. Backed by over 500 technical certifications, MoreDirect's team of engineers, software licensing specialists, and project managers help reduce the cost and complexity of buying hardware, software, and services throughout the entire IT lifecycle. GovConnection, Inc. (800-800-0019) is a rapid-response provider of IT products and services to federal, state, and local government agencies and educational institutions through specialized account managers, catalogs, publications, and online at www.govconnection.com. "Safe Harbor" Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the impact of changes in market demand and the overall level of economic activity and environment, or in the level of business investment in information technology products, competitive products and pricing, product availability and market acceptance, new products, fluctuations in operating results, the ability of the Company to manage personnel levels in response to fluctuations in revenue, and other risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from these detailed under the caption "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2012. The Company assumes no obligation to update the information in this press release or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Johnsburg A lively history of baseball in the town of Johnsburg is the topic at Wevertown Community Center on Monday, Feb. 17 at 2 p.m. This free event is Johnsburg Historical Society's annual Presidents Day program, a gift to the community. The 2014 title is "Small Towns, Big Leagues: Baseball in Johnsburg 1930 – 1950s."
A panel of speakers, hosted by Bill Bibby, will share stories and memories of America's favorite pastime as it evolved in the town's local hamlets. Among items exhibited will be photos, gloves, spikes, scorebooks, a catcher's outfit, and a Johnsburg Johnnies uniform. The discussion will focus on town teams, Little League (Rotary Little League and Gore Mountain Little League), Babe Ruth Baseball, and Johnsburg's connection to minor and major leagues.
Information for this event has been supplied by Tim and Tom Harrington, Fred Hayes who was scouted for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies, Phil Goodman who will show scorebooks belonging to his father Ned, centerfielder Bill Bibby, Gary McGinn, and Robert Foote of Minerva.
In attendance will be Johnsburg's famous major league player, Jon Matlack. For 13 years Mr. Matlack played major league baseball, pitching for the New York Mets and then the Texas Rangers. Now retired, he lives in the Garnet Lake area.
Host Bill Bibby describes the strong bonds created by playing for a committed baseball team: "It felt like family, like nourishment for your soul. You knew that you were part of something that meant something."
Refreshments served, live music provided, and lively entertainment guaranteed.
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Charter Fair
In 1227 – three years after the building of Salisbury Cathedral began – King Henry III granted a Charter to the Bishop of Salisbury to hold a fair on the third Monday in October. That same Charter granted the City permission to hold a market every Tuesday. Both Charter Market and Annual Fair are still held to this very day.
In 2014 the Charter Fair will run from Sun 19 - Wed 22 October in the Market Place and Guildhall Square. The Fair will open at 7pm on Sunday 19 October, and then from 11am - late Monday 20 - Wednesday 22 October.
A great selection of rides, side stalls and fun for all the family! Check out the new attractions for 2014 including Race-a rama, Stargate, and Crazy Cage! Click here to find out more!


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Christopher Vernon, author of Graceland Cemetery: A Design History (2011), summarizes the largely forgotten history of the landscape design of Chicago's famed Graceland Cemetery. Vernon also discusses what O. C. Simonds, while Superintendent of and Landscape Gardener for Graceland Cemetery, accomplished that resulted in the international acclaim accorded to Graceland Cemetery's landscape design.
Christopher Vernon, Associate Professor at the School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, The University of Western Australia
Have less than five minutes? View the video highlights from the talk. Click the play button on the left.
Download Full Audio
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View upcoming Lunch Talks @ CAF >
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Anime and video game convention starts Friday at the American Bank Center
CORPUS CHRISTI - In its sixth year, Realms Con Anime and Video Game Convention, has added horror to its fusion of fantasy, science fiction, Japanese-created animation and music.
With full-costumed skits, swashbuckling, and a midnight witches' ball, attendees should expect more macabre fun than gore just in time for the Halloween season, said Daniel Velasquez, Realms Con creator and organizer.
"This is the first time we have actually added more horror to it with Halloween coming up, it just made more sense," Velasquez said.
The event includes a haunted house designed by the Horror Society of the Coastal Bend and a ghost-hunting workshop. Horror and sci-fi movie veterans Irwin Keyes and Michael Berryman will be on hand for autographs and discussions.
The convention is staying close to its gaming roots. Flexi Compras and GameStop will sponsor the video game room that includes 20 TVs and game consoles. Anime and video game voice actors Steve Blum, Chris Ayres and Greg Ayres also will be available for questions and autographs.
This is the first year for the convention to be held at the American Bank Center, and it is expected to nearly double its attendance since its first year. Making the convention fun for everyone has helped the event grow, said Velasquez.
"I've had a passion for it since the beginning," he said. " I just love being a part of it."
Many of the convention events offer tips to aspiring comics writers, costume designers and role-playing gamers. Presenters from the Texas State Museum of Asian Cultures will present Japanese culture presentations on origami, calligraphy and Japanese language basics.
Velasquez said the timing also is perfect for its most popular event, the cosplay workshops and contests. Cosplay, or costume play, is the crafting of unique costumes and character for fantasy and role-playing games inspired by anime, graphic novels, comic, sci-fiction and Japanese pop culture.
"All these costumes that you see the kids wear, they make those themselves, and that takes a lot of talent to do," Velasquez said.
What: 6th Annual Realms Con Anime and Video Game Convention
Where: American Bank Center, 1901 N. Shoreline Blvd.
When: 10 a.m. Friday-Sunday
Cost: $20 for a one-day pass or $40 for a three-day pass.
Info: www.realmscon.com
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Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 5am-8pm / Saturday: 7am-12pm / Sunday: 6am-1pm


text: On Thu, 21 Nov 2002, Thomas de Roo wrote: > Hello goup, > > Just out of curiosity, I have the following question: Why is it that xterms do > show up in 'w', 'who' or 'whowatch', and konsoles don't? What is so special > about konsole? Or did I mess-up my installation? I have the same probelm with screen too. -- Unsubscribe: send email to listar at linuxfromscratch.org and put 'unsubscribe blfs-support' in the subject header of the message


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I have been shopping at MJM for a while now and with every order I am simply amazed at the speed and service of this wonderful store. I placed an...Read More ->
It's my first time to order a magic book from outside Asia. I've heard from many friends that had to wait about a month or so from other companies...Read More ->


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Nathan D. Gray, PGA
Main Address:
Tee Aire Golf Range
Brookfield, WI 53072-2925
(262) 781-0159
Brookfield, WI 53072-2925
(262) 781-0159
Nathan Gray is a PGA Professional in Brookfield, WI. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
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National Awards
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(262) 781-0159


text: akhiezer wrote: > Do you automate the testing of the book's urls for brokenness: would have > caught the (apparent) errors in the patch; and save a lot of manual work in > the medium-/long- term. Not sure if Bruce's test-for-updates cron script > would incorporate test-for-brokenness, or if you have access to that. The scripts work from the generated wget-list. There are some errors with the scripts as I haven't updated them in about 6 weeks. I need to do that. -- Bruce


text:
Chile Escondida copper mine union agrees to early labor talks
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* Early talks seen improving chances of new deal
* World's No. 1 copper mine hit by labor action last year
* Escondida produced 787,000 tonnes of copper Jan-Sept
SANTIAGO, Nov 27 (Reuters) - Unionized workers at the world's No.1 copper mine, Chile's Escondida, have voted in favor of early labor talks with the mine's controller, global miner BHP Billiton, a union leader told Reuters on Tuesday.
Escondida's union stunned the copper market last year by staging a two-week strike, which sent the mine's output tumbling and raised the specter of an increase in labor action. Holding early talks this year suggests improved chances that the firm and workers can clinch a deal.
"We were invited by the company (to hold negotiations) and the workers accepted," Marcelo Tapia, a union leader at Escondida, told Reuters.
BHP declined to comment. Escondida's labor contract is set to expire next June.
BHP and Rio Tinto, which owns 30 percent of the mine, have approved plans for a $4.5 billion expansion of Escondida to boost output.
Escondida's third-quarter output surged 72.4 percent from a year earlier to 253,800 tonnes, boosted by better ore grades and a low base of comparison from the year-ago quarter. Output in the January-September period was 787,000 tonnes, up 31.6 percent from a year earlier.
The mining industry in Chile, the world's leading copper producer, is also bracing for collective negotiations at state copper producer Codelco's massive Chuquicamata mine. Most unionized workers at the century-old deposit have voted to start early contract negotiations, a union source told Reuters earlier this month.


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What does PHWF mean in Religion?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PHWF in the Community field in general and in the Religion terminology in particular.
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Rallies Gone Wrong
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Re: Rallies Gone Wrong
Originally Posted by
I am aware of the fine but that was a different scenario. There was a guy in the UK this year who was 'rescued' a number of times. They finally took away his boat. They should have charged him for all the rescues as was my point in my last post.
I do not disagree, not with you neither with Tom. That as to do with responsibility and living in society. Someone that calls for a rescue when there is not a life threatening situation is irresponsible. Someone that sails offshore in a boat not meant to or in bad shape is irresponsible.
This is a question about responsibility an knowledge and the main issue is to know if the decisions should be free (like going to sail without knowing nothing about it or in an unsuitable boat) and later people be held responsible for their actions or if should be taken preventive measures regarding people going to the sea without knowing what they are doing and in anything that floats.
Clearly in Europe they have gone to preventive measures. On most countries the boats have to be insured and RCD says exactly what is the type of boat that can be used in each situation. Defines minimum requirements regarding the boats that can be used offshore and the boats have to be certified by the manufacturer. On top of that the boats have pass regular inspections and it is not only necessary to have a boat that is authorized to do that but also to have all the equipment needed for that.
Even if you have all that is needed in what regards material, you will need a licence that supposedly says that you are competent. An Oceanic licence can only obtained after several years and several other licences that include not only knowledge but practice.
I am not saying that this is a perfect system or the right way but certainly will prevent a crazy guy that decides to set sail for the horizon with a derelict, risking the lives of others and cost a fortune in SAR operations to be paid by all.
The other way to do it is maintaining apparently freedom without any limitations and make mandatory for the ones that sail a SAR insurance that will pay an eventual rescue. Insurance companies will take car of making impossible mad situations. They will charge according to the risk and for the ones that the risk is too high, they simply will not find an insurance and will not be able to put their live or others lives in jeopardy.
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Students with registered disabilities may be entitled to certain accommodations, including extended time for exams. In such cases, students are required to present a letter from Brown's Student and Employee Accessibility Services (SEAS) office to the course instructor stating their right to a particular accommodation. Federal law requires that approved accommodations be granted. Teaching assistants are required to inform course instructors of any documented requests for accommodation.
The SEAS office can help arrange proctors and spaces for exams if necessary. For more information, contact Cathie Axe, Director of Brown's Student and Employee Accessibility Services office, at 863-9588.


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Publisher's Description
+Experience the power of mobile email on a PDA or smartphone, including remote access to corporate email, calendar, contacts, task lists, memos and expenses. Pylon Conduit lets you sync your Pocket PC or Palm OS-based device to your desktop to dramatically improve productivity without requiring involvement of corporate IT departments or development resources. Mobility has never been so powerful, so robust and so simple.


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I can see that ,let the LOL begin! (hi ,long time no see :P)
Haha case sensitive.I'm sorry I'll turn the caps off... :P Don't worry anything I say is in fun
-sit in a corner in the dark- Shame ... on ... me? *sniff* *sniff* I'm case sensitive you see :P lolz!!
Lol.No that's all wrong.It's not the lolly planet.It's planet LOLZY.Man shame on you for not getting it right. Lol.That is short.Anything more?Like what's yoyur favourite cookie?! :P
So you like to lol some lolz to lol the loling loled lolz that lolalized the lolz before the last lol that did a lolment on all lols of the lolly planet?! j/k Well ... about myself? My name is Alaa and I'm from Iraq ... perhaps too short?! lol
Lol.Of course I LOVE to lol.It says so in my name ;P And thanks.I like your profile pic too. Oh and thanks for commenting on my profile I hope you are doing well.(I wish all my enemies well LOL jk)so what can you tell me about yourself? Lolgirl
do you like to lol? ,nice profile pic by the way ...


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MTV throwing a "non-partisan" event
This should work well.
Apparently MTV, CMT, and BET are airing an hour-long promo informative session about politics and educating the youth. Or indoctrinating.
From POLITICO:
"The hour-long, commercial free event, to be broadcast simultaneously on MTV, BET, CMT and a handful of their sister channels, is causing a bit of a stir on the right, which sees the event as an hour of free airtime for a Democrat three weeks before the midterm elections. And not just any Democrat, but the one who energized a generation to vote in unprecedented numbers in 2008, and who Democrats are clearly hoping can do the trick again, even if he's not the one running.
But Sway Calloway, the MTV News reporter and producer who will be co-moderating Thursday's event with BET's April Woodard and CMT's Katie Cook, insists that the event is not political.
"We are non-partisan," he said. "We reach out to everyone. Senator McCain did this forum for us. Then Senator Clinton did it for us. We put out the ask saying 'we have this political platform for you.' It's not what party you represent."
Stephen Friedman, the general manager of MTV, said the network put in a standing request to do something with Obama a year ago, just as it did, unsuccessfully, with President George W. Bush."
Oh really? Was it perhaps because G Dubbs was too busy actually being President and not getting ready for his media blitz every other day while squeezing in a round of golf and a taxpayer-funded vacation? Just wondering.


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Satin Smooth Aloe Wax
HeatherCaliforniaWorks Well!All of my clients love it! I like it alot, so far Ive never had a problem with the wax. But I have noticed it is a little more pricey than the others.posted May 25, 2005Link to this post
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Searched for: "learnings place during ceo transitions"
About 29 results for "learnings place during ceo transitions"
How Kony is streamlining and mobilizing enterprise apps
Mobile traffic is growing quickly and the need for enterprise mobile deployments is paramount. Kony has spent the last seven years building platforms to help enterprises go mobile.
Apple's Continuity vision: bringing better device options to business users
Apple has announced new mobility features coming to their OS X and iOS operating systems to help users work across multiple devices. Learn what's on the roadmap.
Do programmers still need a computer science degree to land a great job?
Degree or no, demand for coding talent continues to make it easier for hopeful programmers seeking a job. However, landing the gig might not be the biggest challenge for those on n...
GE's FirstBuild: Can a big company harness startup mojo on the backs of upstart entrepreneurs?
General Electric is looking to students, entrepreneurs, and makers to co-create the products of the future. We look at what it means for the contributors.
Yodle CIO Eric Raab: Create positive dynamics, and hire great people
In this CIO profile, Yodle's Eric Raab talks about CIOs and company culture, and his passion for working at start-ups.
Beat the technical interview!
Here's an article that makes the process of securing a software development job (which for us usually lands on the .NET/C# side of things) more fun by treating it like the "cheat c...
Peter ffoulkes, Part 2: Effective change management in cloud adoption
451 Research has released its semi-annual TheInfoPro report on cloud computing. In the second part of the interview, analyst Peter ffoulkes speaks with TechRepublic about effective...
The top five Google Apps migration resources
Organizations migrating to Google Apps can alleviate headaches and trepidation by taking advantage of these resources.
On triathlons and IT management
Patrick Gray has been considering the similarities between training for a triathlon and effective, strategic IT management and discovered there are a surprising number of parallels...
How Specsavers is setting its sights on global IT
Specsavers' European IT director Karl de Bruijn on Google Apps, open source and mobile working


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School Events
COME JOIN THE FUN! Weekly, monthly and yearly events are scheduled for our children and families. So take a look and see what events would be right for you and your child. EVERYONE IS WELCOME!
All Schools
October - November 2014
Fall Festival
Our Fall Festival Event is Coming!
October has arrived and with it "Our Fall Festival Event" which is full of fun activities for the entire family.
Some of our FUN activites are:
- Raffles
- Balloon Artist
- Photo Booth
- Haunted House
- Pumpkin Decorating
- Games
- Face Painting
- Arts and Crafts
- Bobbing for Apples
- Refreshments and so much more...


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
3/2/2015 6:11:43 PM. For Customer Service, please call
available for shipping only
wish you were here. Combining community activism and public art, artist Stephen Powers and his team of sign mechanics collaborate with a neighborhood's residents to create visual jingles— sincere and often poignant affirmations and confessions that reflect the collective hopes and dreams of the host community. A Love Letter to the City gathers Powers' powerful public art project for the first time, including murals on the walls and rooftops of Brooklyn and Syracuse, New York; Philadelphia; Dublin and Belfast, Ireland; São Paolo, Brazil, and Johannesburg, South Africa.


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That Drill Eloquently Speaks of Love - "Sono Doriru wa Yūben ni ai o Kataru" (そのドリルは雄弁に愛を語る)
Jaqueline, an old friend and love interest of Grevil arrives at the academy to donate some of her books to the library, but gets her bags mixed up, and Grevil returns it after the book bag is found by the person who lost the other bag. Meanwhile, an old murder mystery involving Jacqueline is re-told, alluding into both hers and Grevil's past.
Opening Theme
"Destine Histoire" by yoshiki☆lisa
Grevil talks to his father on the phone and reassures him that he will protect the honor of the Du Blois family. Grevil's father tells Grevil to watch the Gray Wolf (aka Victorique). Grevil glances at the newspaper of Jacqueline and Signore.
Jaqueline and Marion catches a cart after a refreshing drink. When Marion bumps into a man, they switch suitcases.
At Kujo's school, Cecile reveals Kujo that Jacqueline is donating books to the school. Jacqueline pinches Kujo's cheeks much to Cecile's confusion. Before this incident, Victorique explains to Kujo that Jacqueline is the reason that Grevil styles his hair pointy. Currently, Kujo learns that Jacqueline has not learned why Grevil changes his hair style.
Upon arriving at the library, Jacqueline rushes upstairs which causes Victorique to hide into her hiding spot, the cabinent. However, Victorique hears Kujo's voice, but when she hears Kujo calls her a monster, Victorique pretends to be a doll. Jacqueline gives a lollipop to Victorique to make up to her because she drops Victorique on the floor. Marion has open the suitcase which is full of makeup items. Signore calls Grevil that Jacqueline is going to visit him and deliver the books to Kujo's academy.
As Jaqueline stares at the ceiling paint, Victorique eats cookies. Jacqueline calls Victorique "Q-chan" because she reminds a pet squirrel who has a q mark. Jacqueline begins to explain about a case that she was a suspect for murdering the veterinarian. The veterinarian has written a q with his blood. The wife (Paula) of the veterinarian has writing on her right arm that states that Jaqueline murdered the veterinarian. Victorique states that it is a mirror ritual which surprises Jacqueline.
Meanwhile, Grevil remembers his encounter with Jacqueline in the past. Grevil thinks Jacqueline is framed, and Jacqueline tells him that Signore is cute and turns down Signore's proposal due to the murder case. Grevil arrives at the school.
In the library, Marion states that the murderer confesses and that Jacqueline marry Signore. Jacqueline remembers that Grevil changes his hair style at the same time. Jacqueline leaves when Marion tells her that they have to hurry to get somewhere. Victorique explains to Kujo that the murderer is the Paula, the wife. Outside of the library, Jacqueline misses Grevil on the way out while Grevil heads towards the library.
Victorique continues her explanation that Paula takes advantage of the message written by the doctor. The police thinks it is a "q" which stands for q-chan, yet it is a p from a point of view, lying on the ground. Kujo learns that Grevil's hair style is the price that he has to pay. Victorique gets a bit of shock but claims it is a fair request. Grevil arrives to see Kujo and Victorique and misses Jacqueline.
At the police station, Signore checks the same murder case, and he suspects someone secretly help solve the case for Jacqueline. Jacqueline has return the package to the man. In the library, Grevil orders Kujo to deliver the books by going down the elevator, and when Victorique thinks Jacqueline is too naive, Grevil responds that it is Jacqueline's good qualities.
Grevil tells Victorique that she has no heart. In his flashback, Grevil asks Victorique that he wants to help Jacqueline because he loves Jacqueline. In reality, Grevil's price is to stop loving Jacqueline. Grevil tells Victorique that she has no love. As soon as Grevil leaves, Victorique cries that she is a different person.
On the train, Jacqueline tells Marion that she values the memories she shared with Grevil, and she regrets turning down his kindness. She wishes to turn back time. Back to Grevil, he reads Jacqueline's letter and smiles.
Closing Theme
"Resuscitated Hope" by Lisa Komine
Victorique ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Grevil de Blois ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Kujo Kazuya ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Cécile Lafitte ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Marion ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Signore ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Jacqueline de Signore ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) |
Hitoshi Nanba | Director | |||
Takashi Tomioka | Character Artist/Designer | Animation Director (OP/ED) | ||
Tokuyuki Matsutake | Key Animator | Key Animator for a massive number of series, including many by Madhouse and Studio DEEN. | ||
Hiroko Kazui | Storyboard | ED | ||
Kotaro Nakagawa | Music | |||
Mari Okada | Producer |


text:
Place the blackberries into a blender or food processor. Cover and puree until the mixture is smooth. Pour the blackberry puree through a fine sieve placed over a large bowl to strain out the seeds.
Add the softened frozen yogurt and sugar to the strained blackberry puree and mix well. Pour into ice pop molds, and freeze.
Go to Full Version of
Fresh Blackberries and Cream Ice Pops Recipe


text:
Are you sure your veterinary clients can hear you?
My first step was completing a questionnaire on my nutritional needs and goals. The follow-up with Dr. Fred showed me that he'd done a thorough job evaluating the questionnaire and knew plenty about nutrition. But I walked out of his office without taking any action. Why? Because like many health practitioners, Dr. Fred has never learned how to communicate with his clients in a way that invites compliance. I recognized this problem because I spent several years in my own veterinary practice being at least as ineffective as Dr. Fred. When it came to straight talk that prompted action and compliance, instead of being a strong communicator, I was a 97-pound weakling. Like Dr. Fred, I knew my stuff. I could conduct a thorough history and physical examination, and I was a competent diagnostician, but when it came to making recommendations that would serve both my patients and clients, I often fell flat. It sounded something like this:"Well, Ms. Kapp, I've noticed a few things on Tobie's physical exam that you might want to know about, like his teeth." "What about his teeth?" "Well, uh, they could stand to be cleaned." "Really? Is that where that awful smell is coming from?" "Yes, it could be. So, sometime you might want to, you know, drop him by so we can take care of them." "Sure thing, doctor." Of course, Ms. Kapp—being as busy as everyone else—never did get around to dropping Tobie off. Luckily, when I finally hired a business coach, we worked extensively on my communication skills. Learning to be a more effective communicator was a major factor in the 40 percent growth we experienced in that first year after I started working with the coach. It took work, but over time I went from a 97-pound weakling to a powerful heavyweight communicator. So can you. Ready to get to work? Let's start with the foundation of relationship-building. |
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Oil Rises As US, China Manufacturing Improves
By PABLO GORONDI
The price of oil was steady above $96 a barrel on Tuesday, supported by expanding manufacturing output in the world's two largest economies and ahead of the release this week of several key U.S. economic indicators.
By early afternoon in Europe, benchmark oil for March delivery was up 5 cents to $96.50 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose 56 cents to finish at $96.44 a barrel on the Nymex on Monday.
On Monday, the U.S. reported that demand for long-lasting manufactured goods rose sharply in December. That comes on top of an improved housing picture and strong earnings by major companies. Many analysts think the economy's sluggish recovery will pick up stream by 2014.
China's manufacturing activity has also recently rebounded as the country emerges from its deepest slump since the 2008 global financial crisis. Analysts have all but stopped predicting that the world's No. 2 economy will have a "hard landing," or a sharp downturn. "Oil prices are continuing to profit from the brightening of market sentiment," said a report from Commerzbank in Frankfurt. "However, as compared to equity markets, which are trading at multi-year highs, oil prices have underperformed of late and therefore have catch-up potential." It's a big week for U.S. economic indicators. The government will release reports on weekly jobless claims, unemployment and fourth-quarter growth. And the Federal Reserve's policy committee holds a two-day meeting that concludes on Wednesday. Brent crude, used to price international varieties of oil, was down 12 cents to $113.36 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange in London. In other energy futures trading on Nymex: â¿¿ Wholesale gasoline declined 1.31 cents to $2.9278 per gallon. â¿¿ Natural gas lost 5.4 cents to $3.235 per 1,000 cubic feet. â¿¿ Heating oil retreated 0.11 cent to $3.0532 a gallon. ___ Pamela Sampson in Bangkok contributed to this report.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text:
Since my native language happens to be the same as Cara Mia's, and even though it has probably been done countless times, I thought I'd explain the lyrics a bit more in depth than usual, also giving a few interpretations.
In an interview, Ellen McLain declared she made up the lyrics on the spot, in her somewhat shaky Italian — a knowledge naturally coming from her career as an opera singer. Well, she did a simple but excellent job. Let's go explore it together.
Cara bel, cara mia bella
Dear (female adj.) beautiful (female adj., here probably used as a noun), my dear beautiful (same use as before).
Bel is an actually incorrect form for "beautiful", as the elision of the last part (bel-lo, male, or bel-la, female — my language has no neuter gender, and that's a real nuisance…) is only used for the male gender, sometimes, when the noun starts with a consonant. When the noun is female and it starts with a vocal, we have apocope.
Ex. Un bel gioco (male, "a good game"), una bell'amica (female, "a good friend").
Up to here, the meaning is all perfectly clear; I can add that these adjectives are being used in a very affectionate way, but with no particular connotations in regards of the relationship between the singer and Chell.
Mia bambina
My child (female noun)
This is, as you all know, one of the strongest pieces of evidence for the supporters of the "Caroline is Chell's mother" theory. Yet, there is some thought to put in the use of this noun and what it can mean.
In its basic use, bambina is the generic female word for child. With the possessive adjective my (mio/a), it becomes a form typically used by parents to address their children. Its use in daily life, however, is almost nil: it's way common to use words as "honey" or "sweetheart" when talking to both your son or daughter.
It is interesting to notice that, unlike English, the position of the adjective can change (bambina mia or mia bambina).
The first use, way more common, has a strong vocative vibe, and it's more commonly used by any adult to address children when teaching something in general. It is used in exclamations, at the end of the sentence, when the person speaking wants to give an admonition and pose as the "wisest" of the two. Funnily enough, the latter is the meaning cara mia (or caro mio, male) has 90% of the time in daily use — it is a noun that usually expresses irritation, a bit ironically, towards the other person. (Eh no, cara mia! Stop right there! can give you the feeling.) The second use, the one in the song, is extremely rare in common language and it conveys the idea of closeness and affection — as in you really, really care about your child.
However, the point here is that this word can be used in several other ways. Bambina is very commonly used as a loving name for any girl or woman; it expresses affection and closeness, friendliness and intimacy, and it can fit perfectly fine a younger girl or friend, and also a lover. On another relevant note, when it comes to these miscellaneous meanings, the word was largely spread in the archaic language of Italian opera, in the 18th and 19th centuries.
In conclusion, I hardly think mia bambina is used in Cara Mia in the strict sense of parenthood. That's just my two cents — but I am inclined to believe it's a more generic use, accompanied by a noticeable hint of quasi-motherly affection which implies protectiveness and care. Ironical, huh?
Oh ciel
Oh, heavens
Ciel is the elision for cielo (male noun for sky). Oh cielo is an exclamation still widely in use today and it equals "oh God" or "good heavens". You all probably noticed the word game on ciel/Chell; the es are differently pronounced, but it's still close enough to confound the two words. The most beautiful pun.
Ch'ella stima, ch'ella stima/ oh, cara mia, addio
Whom she esteems - oh, my dear, goodbye
I have seen a lot of different versions for the first line — someone even thought it said qué làstima, Spanish for "what a pity", except the accent is different.
I really believe this is the correct version, because of how fitting it sounds for our story. Although che can work both as subject and object pronoun (who and whom), "whom she esteems" is the one correct version, and the subject is ella, an unnamed she.
We can effortlessly identify her as GLaDOS — as far as we know, she is the only feminine entity active in the Portal games who has the chance to see Chell in action, as well as esteem her for some reason. Hinting at someone else we don't know of would be pretty contradictory in this dense and emotional endgame.
In our interpretation, it is important to notice ella is a third person pronoun. The natural consequence, at least following the logic of the language, is that the singer and the person who esteems Chell are not the same person.
And here is where I ask myself the question — what do we know about Caroline's independence in her existence as GLaDOS? Is it possible that she is the singer, or, in alternative, the person who holds Chell in such high esteem?
In any way, we now have several options.
1. The entity behind this lovely serenade is Caroline, or, possibly, the more emotional and human part of GLaDOS, and she perceives herself as a separate identity from GLaDOS.
2. The entity behind Cara Mia is GLaDOS herself, who both refuses and accepts the Caroline-like side in her, and nonetheless refers as the entity esteeming Chell as other than herself (that is Caroline, or her emotions.)
3. The entity behind Cara Mia is the turret opera group, and they sing this to Chell as a goodbye on their own. This I find it less likely, but it's not an option to be ignored.
My interpretation of choice is either of the first two. I happened to have to explain this in fanfiction a while ago, and to fill the prompt I described GLaDOS' struggle to hastily come to an agreement with the turrets. My favourite idea, although personal and debatable, is that it was our AI to prepare a moving goodbye for her dearest and most hated test subject.
Perché non passi lontana/ sì, lontana da Scïenza?
Why don't you walk away/ yes, far (female adjective, referring to you = Chell) from Science? (female noun)
This is going to be the last part of my post, as the rest of the lyrics are mere repetitions.
These lines have a couple of mistakes: the verb passare doesn't mean to go or walk away, but it actually means to pass; and thinking of Chell's situation, the literal translation — "to pass away from Science" — ends up in a phrasal verb that makes it sound pretty grim.
I'll also note that the modern pronunciation of scienza is ['ʃɛntsa], and that Scïenza is an archaic form, dating back to the 14th century.
In any case, the meaning is obvious — the singer is warmly inviting Chell to walk away from her terrible past in Aperture, and stay lontana (far) from it. This invite clearly forms a subtle parallel, and also creates a contrast, with the sardonic (if heartfelt) goodbye GLaDOS gives in Want You Gone; and it may just be me, but comparing the two pieces makes the Caroline/GLaDOS dichotomy more evident, while making the whole thing ten times sweeter and sadder.
I hope you found my analysis interesting. As a final bonus, I give you a version of Cara Mia sung by me, with the rigorously correct accent — if you listen to it, you'll notice Ellen already has a really great accent herself.
Until next time!


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Warring States period
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009) |
History of China | |||||||
Neolithic c. 8500 – c. 2100 BC | |||||||
Xia dynasty c. 2100 – c. 1600 BC | |||||||
Shang dynasty c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC | |||||||
Zhou dynasty c. 1045 – 256 BC | |||||||
Western Zhou | |||||||
Eastern Zhou | |||||||
Spring and Autumn | |||||||
Warring States | |||||||
Qin dynasty 221–206 BC | |||||||
Han dynasty 206 BC – 220 AD | |||||||
Western Han | |||||||
Xin dynasty | |||||||
Eastern Han | |||||||
Three Kingdoms 220–280 | |||||||
Wei, Shu and Wu | |||||||
Jin dynasty 265–420 | |||||||
Western Jin | |||||||
Eastern Jin | Sixteen Kingdoms | ||||||
Southern and Northern Dynasties 420–589 |
Sui dynasty 581–618 | |||||||
Tang dynasty 618–907 | |||||||
(Second Zhou 690–705) | |||||||
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907–960 |
Liao dynasty 907–1125 |
Song dynasty 960–1279 |
Northern Song | W. Xia | ||||||
Southern Song | Jin | ||||||
Yuan dynasty 1271–1368 | |||||||
Ming dynasty 1368–1644 | |||||||
Qing dynasty 1644–1911 | |||||||
Republic of China 1912–1949 | |||||||
People's Republic of China 1949–present |
Republic of China on Taiwan 1949–present |
The Warring States period (simplified Chinese: 战国时代; traditional Chinese: 戰國時代; pinyin: Zhànguó Shídài) is a period in ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the victory of the state of Qin in 221 BC, creating a unified China under the Qin dynasty. Different scholars use dates for the beginning of the period ranging between 481 BC and 403 BC, but Sima Qian's date of 475 BC is most often cited. Most of this period coincides with the second half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, although the Chinese sovereign (king of Zhou) was merely a figurehead.
The name of the period was derived from the Record of the Warring States, a work compiled early in the Han dynasty.
The political geography of the era was dominated by the Seven Warring States, namely:
- Qin: The State of Qin was in the far west, with its core in the Wei River Valley and Guanzhong. This geographical position offered protection from the states of the Central Plains and it also limited its initial influence.
- The Three Jins: Northeast of Qin, on the Shanxi plateau, were the three successor states of Jin. These were:
- Han, south, along the Yellow River, controlling the eastern approaches to Qin.
- Wei, middle.
- Zhao, the northernmost of the three.
- Qi: located in the east of China, centred on the Shandong Peninsula, described as east of Mount Tai but whose territory extended far beyond.
- Chu: located in the south of China, with its core territory around the valleys of the Han River and, later, the Yangtze River.
- Yan: located in the northeast, centred on modern-day Beijing. Late in the period Yan pushed northeast and began to occupy the Liaodong Peninsula
Besides these seven major states, some minor states also survived into the period.
- Yue: On the southeast coast near Shanghai was the State of Yue, which was highly active in the late Spring and Autumn era but was eventually annexed by Chu.
- Sichuan: In the far southwest were the States of Ba and Shu. These were non-Zhou states that were conquered by Qin late in the period.
- In the Central Plains comprising much of modern-day Henan Province, many smaller city states survived as satellites of the larger states, though they would eventually be absorbed as well.
- Zhongshan: Between the states of Zhao and Yan was the state of Zhongshan which was eventually annexed by Zhao in 296 BC.
The Spring and Autumn period was initiated by the eastward flight of the Zhou court. There is no one single incident or starting point for the Warring States era. The political situation of the period was a culmination of historical trends of conquest and annexation which also characterised the Spring and Autumn period; as a result there is some controversy as to the beginning of the era. Some proposed starting points are as follows:
- 481 BC: Proposed by Song-era historian Lü Zuqian, since it is the end of the Spring and Autumn Annals.
- 476–475 BC: The author, Sima Qian, of Records of the Grand Historian who chose the inaugural year of King Yuan of Zhou.
- 453 BC: The Partition of Jin saw the dissolution/destruction of that key state of the earlier period and creating three of the seven warring states: Han, Zhao, and Wei.
- 441 BC: The inaugural year of Zhou Kings starting with King Ai of Zhou.
- 403 BC: The year when Han, Zhao and Wei were officially recognised as states by the Zhou court. Author Sima Guang of Zizhi Tongjian tells us that the symbol of eroded Zhou authority should be taken as the start of the Warring States era.
Background and formation[edit]
The system of feudal states created by the Western Zhou dynasty underwent enormous changes after 771 BC with the flight of the Zhou court to modern-day Luoyang and the diminution of its relevance and power. The Spring and Autumn period led to a few states gaining power at the expense of many others, the latter no longer able to depend on central authority for legitimacy or protection. During the Warring States period, many rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven to justify their conquest of other states and spread their influence.[2]
The struggle for hegemony eventually created a state system dominated by several large states, such as Jin, Chu, Qin and Qi, while the smaller states of the Central Plains tended to be their satellites and tributaries. Other major states also existed, such as Wu and Yue in the southeast. The last decades of the Spring and Autumn era were marked by increased stability, as the result of peace negotiations between Jin and Chu which established their respective spheres of influence. This situation would end with the partition of Jin, whereby the state was divided between the houses of Han, Zhao and Wei, and thus enabling the creation of the seven major warring states.
Partition of Jin[edit]
The rulers of Jin had steadily lost political powers since the middle of the 6th century BC to their nominally subordinate nobles and military commanders, a situation arising from the traditions of the Jin which forbade the enfeoffment of relatives of the ducal house. This allowed other clans to gain fiefs and military authority, and decades of internecine struggle led to the establishment of four major families, the Han, Zhao, Wei and Zhi.
The Battle of Jinyang (453 BC) saw the allied Han, Zhao and Wei destroy the Zhi family and their lands were distributed among them. With this, they became the de facto rulers of most of Jin's territory, though this situation would not be officially recognised until half a century later, by King Weilie of Zhou.
Three Jins[edit]
The Jin division created a political vacuum that enabled during the first 50 years expansion of Chu and Yue northward and Qi southward. Qin increased its control of the local tribes and began its expansion southwest to Sichuan.
From before 405 until 383 the three Jins were united under the leadership of Wei and expanded in all directions. The most important figure was Marquess Wen of Wei (445–396). In 408–406 he conquered the State of Zhongshan to the northeast on the other side of Zhao. At the same time he pushed west across the Yellow River to the Luo River taking the area of Xihe (literally 'west of the [Yellow] river').
The growing power of Wei caused Zhao to back away from the alliance. In 383 it moved its capital to Handan and attacked the small state of Wey. Wey appealed to Wei which attacked Zhao on the western side. Being in danger, Zhao called in Chu. As usual, Chu used this as a pretext to annex territory to its north, but the diversion allowed Zhao to occupy a part of Wei. This conflict marked the end of the power of the united Jins and the beginning a period of shifting alliances and wars on several fronts.
In 370 BC, Marquess Wu of Wei died without naming a successor, which led to a war of succession. After three years of civil war, Zhao from the north and Han from the south invaded Wei. On the verge of conquering Wei, the leaders of Zhao and Han fell into disagreement about what to do with Wei, and both armies abruptly retreated. As a result, King Hui of Wei (still a Marquess at the time) was able to ascend the throne of Wei.
By the end of the period Zhao extended from the Shanxi plateau across the plain to the borders of Qi. Wei reached east to Qi, Lu and Song. To the south, the weaker state of Han held the east-west part of the Yellow River valley, surrounded the Zhou royal domain at Luoyang and held an area north of Luoyang called Shangdang.
Wei defeated by Qin[edit]
King Hui of Wei (370–319 BC) set about restoring the state. In 362–359 BC he exchanged territories with Han and Zhao in order to make the boundaries of the three states more rational. In 344 BC he assumed the title of king.
In 364 BC Wei was defeated by Qin at the Battle of Shimen and was only saved by the intervention of Zhao. Qin won another victory in 362 BC. In 361 BC the capital was moved east to Daliang to be out of the reach of Qin.
In 354 BC, King Hui of Wei started a large-scale attack on Zhao. By 353 BC, Zhao was losing badly and its capital, Handan, was under siege. The State of Qi intervened. The famous Qi strategist, Sun Bin the great-great-great-grandson of Sun Tzu (author of the Art of War), proposed to attack the Wei capital while the Wei army was tied up besieging Zhao. The strategy was a success; the Wei army hastily moved south to protect its capital, was caught on the road and decisively defeated at the Battle of Guiling. The battle is remembered in the second of the Thirty-Six Stratagems, "besiege Wei, save Zhao" meaning to attack a vulnerable spot to relieve pressure at another point.
In 341 BC, Wei attacked Han. Qi allowed Han to be nearly defeated and then intervened. The generals from the Battle of Guiling met again (Sun Bin and Tian Ji versus Pang Juan), by using the same tactic, attacking Wei's capital. Sun Bin feigned a retreat and then turned on the overconfident Wei troops and decisively defeated them at the Battle of Maling.
In the following year Qin attacked the weakened Wei. Wei was devastatingly defeated and ceded a large part of its territory in return for truce. With Wei severely weakened, Qi and Qin became the dominant states in China.
This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. (March 2014) |
This period corresponds to the reign of King Min of Qi and the schemes of Lord Mengchang of Qi and Su Qin.
300 BC: Lord Mengchang of Qi, grandson of the former King Wei of Qi came to power when King Min acceded to the throne. He made a westward alliance with the States of Wei and Han. In the far west, Qin, which had been weakened by a succession struggle in 307, yielded to the new coalition and appointed Lord Mengchang its chief minister. This "horizontal" or east-west alliance might have secured peace except that it excluded the State of Zhao.
298 BC: Zhao offered Qin an alliance and Lord Mengchang was driven out of Qin. The remaining three allies, Qi, Wei and Han, attacked Qin, driving up the Yellow River below Shanxi to the Hangu Pass. After 3 years of fighting they took the pass and forced Qin to return territory to Han and Wei. They next inflicted major defeats on Yan and Chu. During the 5-year administration of Lord Menchang, Qi was the major power in China.
294 BC: Lord Mengchang was implicated in a coup d'etat and fled to Wei. His alliance system collapsed. Qi and Qin made a truce and pursued their own interests. Qi moved south against the State of Song whilst the Qin General Bai Qi pushed back eastward against a Han/Wei alliance, gaining victory at the Battle of Yique. In 288 BC the two rulers took the title of "Di", (帝 literally emperor), of the east and west respectively. They swore a covenant and started planning an attack on Zhao.
287 BC: The diplomat Su Qin, possibly an agent of Yan, persuaded King Min that the Zhao war would only benefit Qin. King Min agreed and formed a 'vertical' alliance with the other states against Qin. Qin backed off, abandoned the presumptuous title of "Di", and restored territory to Wei and Zhao. In 286 Qi annexed the state of Song.
285 BC: The success of Qi frightened the other states (some say that this was part of Su Qin's plan[who?]). Under the leadership of Lord Mengchang, who was exiled in Wei, Qin, Zhao, Wei and Yan formed an alliance. Yan had normally been a relatively weak ally of Qi and Qi feared little from this quarter. Yan's onslaught under general Yue Yi came as a devastating surprise. Simultaneously, the other allies attacked from the west. Chu declared itself an ally of Qi but contented itself with annexing some territory to its north. Qi's armies were destroyed while the territory of Qi was reduced to the two cities of Ju and Jimo. King Min himself was later captured and executed by his own followers.
After 284 BC Tian Dan was able to restore much of the state's territory, but it never regained the influence it had under King Min.
After Chu was defeated in 278, the remaining great powers were Qin in the west and Zhao in the north-center. There was little room for diplomatic maneuver and matters were decided by war in 265–260. Zhao had been much strengthened by King Wuling of Zhao (325–299). In 307 he enlarged his cavalry by copying the northern nomads. In 306 he took more land in the northern Shanxi plateau. In 305 he defeated the northeastern border state of Zhongshan. In 304 he pushed far to the northwest and occupied the east-west section of the Yellow River in the north of the Ordos Loop. King Huiwen of Zhao (298–266) chose able servants and expanded against the weakened Qi and Wei. In 296 his general Lian Po defeated two Qin armies.
In 265 King Zhaoxiang of Qin made the first move by attacking the weak state of Han which held the Yellow River gateway into Qin. He moved northeast across Wei territory to cut off the Han exclave of Shangdang north of Luoyang and south of Zhao. The Han king agreed to surrender Shangdang, but the local governor refused and presented it to King Xiaocheng of Zhao. Zhao sent out Lian Po who based his armies at Changping and Qin sent out general Wang He. Lian Po was too wise to risk a decisive battle with the Qin army and remained inside his fortifications. Qin could not break through and the armies were locked in stalemate for three years. The Zhao king decided that Lian Po was not aggressive enough and sent out Zhao Kuo who promised a decisive battle. At the same time Qin secretly replaced Wang He with the notoriously violent Bai Qi. When Zhao Kuo left his fortifications, Bai Qi used a Cannae maneuver, falling back in the center and surrounding the Zhao army from the sides. After being surrounded for 46 days, the starving Zhao troops surrendered (September 260 BC). It is said that Bai Qi had all the prisoners killed and that Zhao lost 400,000 men.
Qin was too exhausted to follow up its victory. Some time later it sent an army to besiege the Zhao capital but the army was destroyed when it was attacked from the rear. Zhao survived, but there was no longer a state that could resist Qin on its own. The other states could have survived if they remained united against Qin, but they did not.
Chu expansion[edit]
This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. (March 2014) |
The general policy of Chu was to slowly annex the small states to its north. By late in the period it had a common border with Qi and Wei.
389: Early in the Warring States period, Chu was one of the strongest states in China. The state rose to a new level of power around 389 BC when King Dao of Chu (楚悼王) named the famous reformer Wu Qi as his chancellor.
334:Chu rose to its peak in 334 BC, when it conquered Yue to its east on the Pacific coast. The series of events leading up to this began when Yue prepared to attack Qi to its north. The King of Qi sent an emissary who persuaded the King of Yue to attack Chu instead. Yue initiated a large-scale attack at Chu but was defeated by Chu's counter-attack. Chu then proceeded to conquer Yue.
278: General Bai Qi of Qin attacked from Qin's new (from 316) territory in Sichuan to the west of Chu. The capital of Ying was captured and Chu's western lands on the Han River were lost. The effect of 334 and 278 was to shift Chu significantly to the east.
Royal titles[edit]
The title of "king" (wang, 王) was held by figurehead rulers of the Zhou dynasty, while the rulers of most states held the title of "duke" (gong, 公) or "marquess" (hou, 侯). A major exception was Chu, whose rulers were called kings since King Wu of Chu started using the title c. 703 BC.
In 344 BC King Hui of Wei changed his title from Marquess to King. In 334 BC his victorious enemy, King Wei of Qi adopted the same title. In 325 the rulers of Qin and Han declared themselves kings, followed by those of Zhao, Yan, and Zhongshan in 323 BC. In 318 BC, the ruler of Song, a relatively minor state, declared himself king. The ruler of Zhao held out until around 299 BC, and was the last to take the royal title. In 288–287 the kings of Qin and Qi briefly called themselves "emperor" (di), before reverting to "king".
Horizontal and vertical alliances[edit]
Towards the end of the Warring States period, the Qin state became disproportionately powerful compared to the other six states. As a result, the policies of the six states became overwhelmingly oriented towards dealing with the Qin threat, with two opposing schools of thought. One school advocated a 'vertical' or north-south alliance called hezong (合縱/合纵) in which the states would ally with each other to repel Qin. The other advocated a 'horizontal' or east-west alliance called lianheng (連橫/连横) in which a state would ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy.
There were some initial successes in hezong, though mutual suspicions between allied states led to the breakdown of such alliances. Qin repeatedly exploited the horizontal alliance strategy to defeat the states one by one. During this period, many philosophers and tacticians travelled around the states, recommending that the rulers put their respective ideas into use. These "lobbyists," such as Su Qin (who advocated vertical alliances) and Zhang Yi (who advocated horizontal alliances), were famous for their tact and intellect, and were collectively known as the School of Diplomacy, whose Chinese name (縱橫家, literally 'the school of the vertical and horizontal') was derived from the two opposing ideas.
Qin ascendency[edit]
After the Zhou were driven out of the Wei River valley in 771 BC the house of Qin was given the task of restoring Zhou rule in the valley. This they did by slowly absorbing the local Rong tribes. The valley was bounded on the south by high mountains and on the north by dry country. Its great advantage was its location in the far west "within the passes" which tended to keep Qin out of needless wars with the other states.
Little information exists with regard to the early history of Qin during the Spring and Autumn period. Most of its interactions were with its powerful eastern neighbor, Jin. In 632 Duke Mu of Qin (660–621) helped Jin win the Battle of Chengpu against Chu. In 579 Qin, Jin, Chu and Qi held a peace conference and agreed to limit the size of their armies.
During the early Warring States period Qin generally avoided conflicts with the other states. It began to become aggressive after the Shang Yang reforms of about 356 and then played a very active role in the final 180 years (300–221 BC).
- Circa 408 Wei pushed Qin back to the Luo River occupying the Xihe area west of the Yellow River.
- 364: Qin defeated Wèi and Han at the battle of Shimen. Wei was saved by the intervention of Zhao.
- 356–338: Shang Yang made centralizing and authoritarian reforms.
- 340: Qin took land from Wèi after it had been defeated by Qi.
- 316: Qin conquered Shu and Ba in Sichuan to the southwest. Development of this area took a long time but slowly added greatly to Qin's wealth and power.
- 325: The Duke of Qin took the title of king.
- 312: Qin defeated an attack from Chu.
- 307: Qin was weakened by a disputed succession.
- 301: For the intervention of Qi see "period of Qi" above.
- 269: General Lian Po of Zhao decisively defeated two Qin armies.
- After 269: Fan Sui became chief advisor. He advocated authoritarian reforms, irrevocable expansion and an alliance with distant states to attack nearby states (the twenty-third of the Thirty-Six Stratagems). His maxim "attack not only the territory, but also the people" enunciated a policy of mass slaughter that became increasingly frequent.
- 278: Qin's notoriously bloody general Bai Qi captured the Chu capital and pushed the Qin frontier east of Sichuan.
- 265: Qin started a war with Han, probably to open up the Yellow River corridor south of Shanxi.
- 260: Zhao aided Han but its power was broken by Bai Qi at the Battle of Changping. Qin was now the strongest state in China.
Qin wars of unification[edit]
In 230 BC, the Qin state conquered the Han state under the leadership of the ruler Zheng.[3] Han, the weakest of the Seven Warring States, was adjacent to the much stronger Qin, and had suffered continuous assaults by Qin in earlier years of the Warring States period. This went on until Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent general Wang Jian to attack Zhao. King An of Han, frightened by the thought that Han would be the next target of the Qin state, immediately sent diplomats to surrender the entire kingdom without a fight, saving the Han populace from the terrible potential consequences of an unsuccessful resistance.
In 225 BC, Qin conquered Wei. The Qin army led a direct invasion into Wei by besieging its capital Daliang but soon realized that the city walls were too tough to break into. They devised a new strategy in which they utilized the power of a local river that was linked to the Yellow River. The river was used to flood the city's walls, causing massive devastation to the city. Upon realizing the situation, King Jia of Wei hurriedly came out of the city and surrendered its city to the Qin army in order to avoid further bloodshed of his people.
In 223 BC, Qin invaded the relatively strong Chu state. However, the first invasion was an utter disaster when 200,000 Qin troops, led by the inexperienced general, Li Xin, were defeated by 500,000 Chu troops in the unfamiliar territory of Huaiyang, modern-day northern Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Xiang Yan, the Chu commander, had lured Qin by allowing a few initial victories, but then counterattacked and burnt two large Qin camps.
The following year, Wang Jian was recalled to lead a second invasion with 600,000 men. High in morale after their victory in the previous year, the Chu forces were content to sit back and defend against what they expected to be a siege of Chu. However, Wang Jian decided to weaken Chu's resolve and tricked the Chu army by appearing to be idle in his fortifications whilst secretly training his troops to fight in Chu territory. After a year, the Chu defenders decided to disband due to apparent lack of action from the Qin. Wang Jian invaded at that point, with full force, and overran Huaiyang and the remaining Chu forces. Chu lost the initiative and could only sustain local guerrilla-style resistance until it too was fully conquered with the destruction of Shouchun and the death of its last leader, Lord Changping of Chu, in 223 BC. At their peak, the combined armies of Chu and Qin are estimated to have ranged from hundreds of thousands to a million soldiers, more than those involved in the campaign of Changping between Qin and Zhao 35 years earlier.[4]
In 222 BC, Qin conquered Yan and Zhao. After the conquest of Zhao, the Qin army then turned its attention towards Yan. Realizing the danger and gravity of this situation, Crown Prince Dan of Yan had sent the assassin Jing Ke to kill the Qin king, but this failure only helped to fuel the rage and determination of the Qin king, and he increased the number of troops to conquer the Yan state.
In 221 BC, Qin conquered Qi. Qi was the final unconquered warring state. It had not previously contributed or helped other states when Qin was conquering them. As soon as Qin's intention to invade it became clear, Qi swiftly surrendered all its cities, completing the unification of China and ushering in the Qin dynasty. The ruler Zheng declared himself Qin Shi Huangdi, "The first Sovereign Emperor of Qin".[3]
In the rule of the Qin state, the union was based solely on military power. The feudal holdings were abolished, and noble families were forced to live in the capital of China, Xianyang in order to be supervised. A national road as well as greater use of canals was used in order for deployment and supply of the army can be done at ease and with speed. The peasants were given a wider range of rights in regards of land, although were subject of taxation creating a large amount of revenue to the state.[3]
Military theory and practice[edit]
Increasing scale of warfare[edit]
The chariot remained a major factor in Chinese warfare long after it went out of fashion in the Middle East. Near the beginning of the Warring States period there is a shift from chariots to massed infantry, possibly associated with the invention of the crossbow. This had two major effects. First it led the dukes to weaken their chariot-riding nobility so they could get direct access to the peasantry who could be drafted as infantry. This change was associated with the shift from aristocratic to bureaucratic government. Second, it led to a massive increase in the scale of warfare. When the Zhou overthrew the Shang at the Battle of Muye they used 45,000 troops and 300 chariots. For the Warring States period the following figures for the military strengths of various states are reported:
- Qin: 1,000,000 infantry, 1,000 chariots, 10,000 horses;
- Chu: same numbers;
- Wei: 200–360,000 infantry, 200,000 spearmen, 100,000 servants, 600 chariots, 5,000 cavalry;
- Han: 300,000 total;
- Qi: several hundred thousand;
For major battles, the following figures are reported:
- Battle of Maling: 100,000 killed;
- Battle of Yique: 240,000 killed;
- General Bai Qi is said to have been responsible for 890,000 enemy deaths over his career.
Many scholars think these numbers are exaggerated (records are inadequate, they are much larger than those from similar societies, soldiers were paid by the number of enemies they killed and the Han dynasty had an interest in exaggerating the bloodiness of the age before China was unified). Regardless of exaggeration, it seems clear that warfare had become excessive during this period. The bloodshed and misery of the Warring States period goes a long way in explaining China's traditional preference for a united throne.[5]
Military developments[edit]
The Warring States period saw the introduction of many innovations to the art of warfare in China, such as the use of iron and of cavalry.
Warfare in the Warring States period evolved considerably from the Spring and Autumn period, as most armies made use of infantry and cavalry in battles, and the use of chariots became less widespread. The use of massed infantry made warfare bloodier and reduced the importance of the aristocracy which in turn made the kings more despotic. From this period onward, as the various states competed with each other by mobilizing their armies to war, nobles in China belonged to the literate class, rather than to the warrior class as had previously been the case.
The various states fielded massive armies of infantry, cavalry, and chariots. Complex logistical systems maintained by efficient government bureaucracies were needed to supply, train, and control such large forces. The size of the armies ranged from tens of thousands to several hundred thousand men.[6] Iron became more widespread and began to replace bronze. Most armour and weapons of this period were made from iron.
The first official native Chinese cavalry unit was formed in 307 BC during the military reforms of King Wuling of Zhao, who advocated 'Nomadic dress and horse archery'.[7] But the war chariot still retained its prestige and importance, despite the tactical superiority of cavalry.
The crossbow was the preferred long-range weapon of this period, due to several reasons. The crossbow could be mass-produced easily, and mass training of crossbowmen was possible. These qualities made it a powerful weapon against the enemy.
Infantrymen deployed a variety of weapons, but the most popular was the dagger-axe. The dagger-axe came in various lengths, from 9 to 18 feet; the weapon consisted of a thrusting spear with a slashing blade appended to it. Dagger-axes were an extremely popular weapon in various kingdoms, especially for the Qin who produced 18-foot-long pikes.
Military thought[edit]
The Warring States was a great period for military strategy; of the Seven Military Classics of China, four were written during this period:
- The Art of War, attributed to Sun Tzu, a highly influential study of strategy and tactics.[8]
- Wuzi, attributed to Wu Qi, a statesman and commander who served the states of Wei and then Chu.
- Wei Liaozi, of uncertain authorship.
- The Methods of the Sima, attributed to Sima Rangju, a commander serving the state of Qin.
Culture and society[edit]
The Warring States period was an era of intensive warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation; the major states, ruling over large territories, quickly sought to consolidate their powers, leading to the final erosion of the Zhou court's prestige. As a sign of this shift, the rulers of all the major states (except for Chu, which had claimed kingly title much earlier) abandoned their former feudal titles for the title of 王, or King, claiming equality with the rulers of the Zhou.
At the same time, the constant conflict and need for innovative social and political models led to the development of many philosophical doctrines, later known as the Hundred Schools of Thought. The most notable schools of thought include Mohism, expounded by Mozi; Confucianism, represented by Mencius and Xunzi, and Legalism, represented by Shang Yang and Han Feizi, and Taoism, most openly represented by Lao Tzu.
The many states that were competing between each other attempted to display their power not only militarily but in their courts and state philosophy. Many differing rulers adopted the differing philosophies in their own advantage or that of their kingdom.
Confucianism during the Warring States Period was attempted to be instated as a state philosophy through the efforts of Mencius, proposing that through the governing of moral principles like benevolence and righteousness, the state would win popular support from one state and those neighboring, eliminating the need of a war altogether. Mencius had attempted to convince King Hui of Liang, although was unsuccessful since the king saw no advantage in the period of wars.[9]
Mohism was expanded by Mozi (468–376 BC) and it had the belief that people change depending on environments around. The same is applied to rulers, where depending on their surroundings, which is why one must be cautious of influences. He was very much against warfare, although was a great tactician in defense. He defended the small state of Song from many attempts of the Chu state.[10]
Taoism was advocated by Laozi, and believed that human nature was good and can achieve perfection by returning to original state. It believed that like a baby, humans are simple and innocent although with development of civilizations it lost its innocence only to be replaced by fraud and greed. Contrarily to other schools, it did not want to gain influence in the offices of states and Laozi even refused to be in the minister of the state of Chu.[10]
Legalism created by Shang Yang in 338 BC, rejected all notions of religion and practices, and believed a nation should be governed by strict law. Not only were severe punishments applied, but they would be grouped with the families and made mutually responsible for criminal act. It proposed radical reforms, and established a society based on solid ranks. Peasants were encouraged to practice agriculture as occupation, and military performance was rewarded. Laws were also applied to all ranks with no exception, even the king was not above punishment. The philosophy was adapted by the Qin state and it created it into a well-organized, centralized state with a bureaucracy chosen on the basis of merit.[9] This period is most famous for the establishment of complex bureaucracies and centralized governments, as well as a clearly established legal system. The developments in political and military organization were the basis of the power of the Qin state, which conquered the other states and unified them under the Qin Empire in 221 BC.
Nobles, bureaucrats and reformers[edit]
The phenomenon of intensive warfare, based on mass formations of infantry rather than the traditional chariots, was one major trend which led to the creation of strong central bureaucracies in each of the major states. At the same time, the process of secondary feudalism which permeated the Spring and Autumn period, and led to such events as the partition of Jin and the usurpation of Qi by the Tian clan, was eventually reversed by the same process of bureaucratisation.
The reforms of Shang Yang in Qin, and of Wu Qi in Chu, both centred on increased centralisation, the suppression of the nobility, and a vastly increased scope of government based on Legalist ideals, which were necessary to mobilise the large armies of the period.
Sophisticated arithmetic[edit]
A bundle of 21 bamboo slips from the Tsinghua collection dated to 305 BC are the worlds' earliest example of a two digit decimal multiplication table, indicating that sophisticated commercial arithmetic was already established during this period.[11]
Economic developments[edit]
The Warring States period saw the proliferation of iron working in China, replacing bronze as the dominant type of metal used in warfare. Areas such as Shu (present-day Sichuan) and Yue (present-day Zhejiang) were also brought into the Chinese cultural sphere during this time. Trade also became important, and some merchants had considerable power in politics, the most prominent of which was Lü Buwei, who rose to become Chancellor of Qin and was a key supporter of the eventual Qin Shihuang.[citation needed]
At the same time, the increased resources of consolidated, bureaucratic states, coupled with the logistical needs of mass levies and large-scale warfare, led to the proliferation of economic projects such as large-scale waterworks. Major examples of such waterworks include the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, which controlled the Min River in Sichuan and turned the former backwater region into a major Qin logistical base, and the Zhengguo Canal which irrigated large areas of land in the Guanzhong Plain, again increasing Qin's agricultural output.
- ^ "MDBG", Sökord: 战国策
- ^ S. Cook, "San De" and Warring States Views on Heavenly Retribution. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 37. (2010) pp. 101–123
- ^ a b c Cotterell (2010), pp. 90–91.
- ^ Lewis (1999), pp. 626–629.
- ^ Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, The Cambridge History of Ancient China,1999,page 625
- ^ Ebrey, Walthall & Palais (2006), p. ?[page needed]
- ^ Ebrey, Walthall & Palais (2006), p. 29.
- ^ Tzu & Griffith (1963), p. v.
- ^ a b Stephen G. Haw. "A traveller's history of China. Interlink Books". (Canada 2008) Library of Congress. pp. 64–71
- ^ a b Lu & Ke (2012).
- ^ NatureThe 2,300-year-old matrix is the world's oldest decimal multiplication table
- Cotterell, Arthur (2010), Asia, a Concise History, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-82959-2.
- Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006), Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company, ISBN 0-618-13386-0.
- Lewis, Mark Edward (1999), "Warring States Political History", in Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L., The Cambridge history of ancient China: from the origins of civilization to 221 B.C., Cambridge University Press, pp. 587–649, ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
- Lu, Liqing; Ke, Jinhua (2012), "A Concise History of Chinese Psychology of Religion", Pastoral Psychology 61 (5–6): 623–639, doi:10.1007/s11089-011-0395-y.
- Tzu, Sun; Griffith, Samuel B. (1963), The Art of War, New York: Oxford University Press
Further reading[edit]
- Li Xueqin. Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations. Trans. K.C. Chang. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-300-03286-2.
- Yap, Joseph P. (2009). Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation from Zizhi tongjian. AuthorHouse, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warring States Period. |
- Warring States Project, University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Rulers of the warring states – Chinese Text Project


text:
House Cleaning Schedule
roshini farhan • 43 weeks ago
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But WaitThere's More
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Note: Performance lineups and schedules have changed since this article was first published; check the venue's website for current listings
September means that school is in session, and that means Austin is hopping again. This town runs on youthful energy, and as the heat drops and the dorms fill, downtown comes alive. Make a pilgrimage to the always-rocking Austin City Limits Musical Festival (September 15–17), a three-day jam session at Zilker Park with more than 130 bands and musicians—including, this year, Willie Nelson, Gnarls Barkley, and Van Morrison. In fact, all of Texas Hill Country comes alive after Labor Day, with roots-music concerts in Fredericksburg, a metal-arts festival in Gruene (that's metal sculpture, not music), fly-fishing workshops in Concan, and the blue sage blooming all over the countryside. Make your base at the Driskill Hotel, an elegant but unpretentious spot just off energetic Sixth Street. And as you look off your balcony at the students whooping it up, be glad that this time you actually do know better.
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text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20824
Title: | Student Culture and Classroom Assessment Practices |
Author: | Giron, Tilia |
Advisor(s): | Parkes, Jay |
Committee Member(s): | Armstrong, Jan Trinidad Galvan, Ruth Flowerday, Terri |
Department: | University of New Mexico. Division of Individual, Family and Community Education |
Subject: | classroom assessment, student culture, formative assessment, dual language, constructivism elementary education |
LC Subject(s): | Educational tests and measurements Education, bilingual Constructivism (Education) |
Degree Level: | Doctoral |
Abstract: | Constructivism maintains that instruction is more meaningful when it is relevant, social and interactive. Formative assessment has been empirically demonstrated as being an effective form of instruction and assessment for learners (Black & Wiliam, 1998a, 1998b). Since assessment orients instruction and learning, combining student culture with formative assessment could result in a powerful approach to learning. This study explored what a sample of dual language teachers, primarily grades four and five, reported about their classroom assessments, culture and student learning. This study also inquired whether these teachers said they used formative assessment. The research question was: What do dual language elementary school teachers report that they do and how do they do what they report doing in order to incorporate student culture within their classroom assessment practices? Participants reported that they accommodated student individuality within their own classroom assessment practices, which, as described, resemble actual formative assessment. These teachers said they modified assessments for student differences despite a mandate to observe scripted curricula with strict fidelity. Some teachers seemed pre-occupied with large scale testing. They disparaged the No Child Left Behind legislation for precipitating large-scale standards-based testing, heavy reliance on data, and incessant pressure to continually improve scores. Some also held in high disfavor district administrators whom they deemed responsible for reportedly requiring assessments in a language in which students had not been instructed; they, further, indicated they may have intervened on their students' behalf. |
Graduation Date: | May 2012 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20824 |
Files | Size | Format | View | Description |
DissertationTiliaGiron.pdf | 1.442Mb |
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So awhile back I bought a Sentry 14 gun safe at Kittery Trading Post for $800, on closeout from like $1999 or so if I recall. It weighs about 500# and was a stone cold ***** to get up the stairs and into the master walk-in closet. Fast forward a couple of years and the thing won't open. It has an electronic lock with no key or other mechanical backup.
So the thing is closed and will not open. I have been on the phone with Sentry, and first they tell me that the battery isn't fresh enough, so I find a Duracell dated 3/2014 and give that a try. No luck. They still think that the lock isn't getting enough juice to open, so I am headed to Radio Shack to get some 9V connectors and hook several batteries in parallel (still putting out 9V, but more current available) and give that a try.
If that doesn't work, the bottom line is that I will need to pay a locksmith to drill the safe, thus ruining it.
Going forward I will never buy a safe with an electronic lock. Luckily I have one pistol that was on my person when I closed the safe last, but I can't lock it up obviously, and I don't have access to the shotties and other goodies locked within.
Any locksmiths on the forum with some tips?


text:
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Food environment factors—such as store/restaurant proximity, food prices, food and nutrition assistance programs, and community characteristics—interact to influence food choices and diet quality. Research has been documenting the complexity of these interactions, but more research is needed to identify causal relationships and effective policy interventions.
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