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Segmentation of investors based on saving motives.
AbstractSaving motive is a desire to reserve certain portion of income for future needs. Noted economist Keynes has given eight factors which were believed to lead individuals to abstain from spending out of their incomes. The saving rate of household is affected not only by their ability to save but also by their willingness to save. India could be able to save 32 percent of its Gross Domestic Product irrespective o fits low per capita income and high inflation rate mainly because of the attitude of people to save. This study attempts to find out the level of saving motive of Indian salaried class people. The next objective is to segment the investors based on their level of motives. This will be useful to the marketers of investment products to concentrate more on specific segment where people have high level of motivation to save because convincing them to make investment on their products will be easy.
Keywords: Saving motives, Segmentation of investor using saving motives, Characteristics of investor, Testing suitability of investor segmentation
JEL Classification: D14, E21
Financing socio-economic activities in a country requires large amount of resources, which is not possible to secure from taxation alone. It can be carried only through a rise in the rate of capital formation. In the opinion of L.G. Whyte (1976) the future welfare of any country depends, to a great extent upon a high level of investment on capital goods. This is possible only by the generation of an adequate volume of savings. Developing economies lay great emphasis on the importance of domestic savings as they are the source of investment to break the vicious circle of poverty and under employment. Arthur Lewis (1963) asserts that the obstacle to greater investment in the less developed countries is that their current propensity to save is too low.
It has been estimated that the rate of saving in the initial stages of growth of present day advanced economies remained nearly 20 percent of their national income. A study on the pattern of savings in Japan during the post war period revealed that the exceptionally high rate of capital formation in Japan resulted from consistent rate of saving of over 20 percent throughout the period, and with such a high rate of savings, Japan could easily surpass even some of the highly industrialized economies of the west (Sinha, 1964). In a study (Andrea Poltho, 1975) it has been shown that Japan invested 31.8 percent of its GNP (at constant prices) between 1953 and 1972 and during the same period, it was 25.1 percent for West Germany, 23 percent for France, 20.2 per cent for Italy, 17.3 per cent for UK and 17.0 per cent for USA.
The volume of aggregate saving is made up of private savings by individuals or business, savings by the companies, and public savings by the government. This composition may vary from country to country and time to time in the same country. In the democratic welfare states like the United Kingdom, Sweden and France, contribution of corporate and government savings to the total savings is more than 60 percent, whereas in India, Canada and Japan individuals' saving is more, especially in India it is more than 80 percent. This indicates that the higher percentage of corporate savings is due to high industrialization. The reason for less government savings in welfare states like India is that they have invested a large amount on social services and social well being by borrowing on a large scale. People as individuals need to save not only to meet emergencies and uncertainties in future but also to maintain their status in the society.
Many research works have been carried out to find out the variables which could affect the savings rate of the households. The variables identified by the previous researchers are economic variables, psychological variables, social variables and behavioural variables. To put it in simple term the saving is the product of ability to save and willingness to save. The ability to save is influenced by income and wealth of individual. The willingness to save is determined by saving motives. In the absence of other factors the individual saving is the function of their saving motives. Hence it can be presumed that the highly motivated people will save more than the least motivated people. As the motivation level of highly motivated people is high, convincing them to make investment will not require much effort. To sell more with limited effort, the institutions who offer investment products can concentrate on highly motivated segment. To device effective marketing strategy, it is necessary for them to understand the characteristics of this motive segment. Therefore it is necessary to segment the investor into highly motivated and least motivated based on the level of motive. The present study aims to serve that purpose.
While it is common to associate interest in motives with psychologists, economists have long been interested in knowing the motives for saving. For example, Adam smith (1776/ 1993) speculated that "the principle which prompts us to save is the desire of bettering our condition, a desire which is generally calm and dispassionate, comes with us from the womb, and never leaves us still we go into the grave". John Maynard Keynes (1936) proposed eight saving motives: the precautionary, life cycle, intertemporal substitution, improvement, independence, enterprise, bequest, and avarice i.e., inhibitions against acts of expenditure as such. More recently, neo-classical economists have emphasized four motives for saving, including the desire: (1) to maintain consumption in the face of income fluctuations, particularly during retirement; (2) to prepare for income shocks and other emergencies (precautionary saving); (3) to transfer wealth to future generations (bequest motive); and (4) to purchase big ticket items such as consumer durables, education, or a vacation (target saving). The first three are expected to influence long term saving, and the fourth to affect short to medium term saving and dissaving patterns (Sturm, 1983). At the same time, as Owens (1993) says, "these motives are not mutually exclusive, and saving decisions will generally be influenced by more than one of them". Empirical studies observe that Americans generally cite retirement, emergencies, and education as the primary motives for saving (Avery et al., 1986; Bernheim, 1994; Modigliani, 1988; Sturm, 1983). However, it is quite possible that the silence of particular motives varies by socioeconomic status (Solmon, 1975; Avery et al., 1986).
Several of these motives were developed into formal economic models (Browning & Lusardi, 1996). The most influential saving model is the life cycle models (Ando & Modigliani, 1963). This model states that current consumption spending depends on current wealth and lifetime income so that consumers borrow and save to smooth out their consumption throughout their life cycle. This model thus implies a saving motive for retirement. This model was further revised to include intergenerational transfer motive (saving for children) (Barro, 1978; Kurz, 1984) and precautionary motive (Saving for emergencies) (carroll, 1997). Empirical studies using U.S. data were conducted to investigate saving behaviour associated with saving motives for emergencies and retirement (Johnson & Widdows, 1985; Yuh, Montalto, & Hanna, 1998). Using U.S. macro data, Feldtein (1974, 1996) found that social security reduces private savings, indicating that social institutions affect private saving motives. Many economists have noted the limitations of the life cycle model. For example, Wolff (1981) divided families into three classes: the capitalist, the primary working class, and the secondary work force. He found that only the primary working class takes the form of life cycle wealth. Katona (1960, 1980) stressed the importance of psychological aspects of people's economic behaviour and empirically studied saving motives and behaviour using survey methods, which were earlier versions of the Survey of Consumer Finances. His study showed that people's new saving motives emerge when the old saving needs is met and the income is positively related to the number of saving motives (Katona, 1960). Kennickell, Starr-McCluer, & Surette, (2000) using the 1998 survey of consumer Finances data shows that the proportion of families reporting education related reasons for saving has risen since 1989. The Indian households save mainly for the purpose of meeting future contingencies (NCAER, 1964) and for the purpose of meeting the needs of their children (Somasundaram, 2004). From the past studies it is clear that motives of saving are changing over a period of time. So far no study has been conducted to find out the characteristics of people with different levels of motivation.
The primary data have been collected by conducting a survey among teachers working in Government colleges and Universities in Tamil Nadu using well structured questionnaire. The population size was 11867 and the sample size of 614 was calculated by using formula n = [Z.sup.2] *p * q * N/[e.sup.2]* (N-l) + [Z.sup.2] *p *q (Kothari.C.R., 2005) where n is the minimum sample size required. The 614 sample respondents were selected by using multi stage random sampling. The questionnaires were distributed to all 614 selected respondents in person by the researcher. After careful and repeated persuasion only 586 filled questionnaires were received and the remaining respondents did not respond. For the purpose of final analysis 552 questionnaires were used after rejecting some of the questionnaires which were not completed properly. The non response rate and rejection rate totally amounts to 10 percent. The margin of error for the present sample size of 552 is 1.454 percent. The content validity of the questionnaire was verified by panel of experts from the fields of statistics, psychology, management, commerce and investment consultancy. The criterion validity and construct validity have been tested using correlation analysis. The reliability of the survey instrument was tested using Cronbach Alpha method. The standardized item alpha was 0.6879 and the Hotelling's T-square was 909.2650 and probability was 0.0000. This shows that these statements are reliable and will produce desired result consistently.
Saving was treated as residual unspent income (Lunt & Livingstone, 1991). Consistent with this view, Keynes described eight factors which were believed to lead individuals to refrain from spending out of their incomes. Furnham (1985) summarized these findings as follows
(1) Precaution: Desire to build reserve for unforeseen contingencies.
(2) Foresight: To provide for anticipated future needs like old age.
(3) Calculation: Desire to enjoy an enlarged future income like interest and appreciation.
(4) Improvement: To meet gradually increasing expenditure in order to improve the standard of living.
(5) Independence: To enjoy a sense of independence and power to do things.
(6) Enterprise: Desire to carry out speculation business.
(7) Pride: to pass the fortune to next generation (bequeath a fortune).
(8) Avarice: To spend less (satisfy a purely miserly instinct).
Keynes has given not only motives for saving but also offered a list of motives for consumption which include enjoyment, shortsightedness, generosity, miscalculation, ostentation and extravagance.
The investors were asked to rate their motives level in five points Likert rating scale. The value 1 is assigned for very strongly disagree and 5 is assigned for strongly Agree. The mean value of importance assigned to every motive by the investors is given in the table 1.
The investors give more importance to precautionary motive which means that people want to build reserve to meet unforeseen contingencies. The Indian investors have not shown much interest for the speculative motive which is otherwise called enterprise motive. In the order of priority people want to save money mainly for precautionary motive and least priority is given to speculative motive. The mean values of two motives namely Enterprise and Avarice are less than three which indicate that most of the people do not agree with the existence of such motives for the purpose of saving. The mean values of all other six motives are more than three which explains the existence of such motives for saving. As the motive has influence on saving and the presence of strong motive for saving among Indians makes them save more though their per capita income is less when compared to developed countries.
To reduce the number of variables into minimum manageable variables, factor analysis is performed. The suitability for factor analysis is tested using two analysis namely KMO test and Bartlett's test of Sphericity. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is a statistic which indicates the proportion of variance in the variables which might be caused by new factors. High values generally indicate that a factor analysis may be useful with the data. If the value is less than 0.50, the results of the factor analysis probably won't be very useful.
Table 2 shows that the KMO value as 0.731 which indicates that the factor analysis is useful with the data. The chi-square value for Bartlett's test of Sphericity is 804.442 and the significant value is 0.000 which is significant at more than 99 percent level of confidence. For the purpose of extraction, Principal Component Analysis is used and for the rotation Varimax rotation is used which is the standard rotation method (Kaiser,1958). The factors which have Eigen value greater than unity are taken as reduced factors which are used as new factors for further analysis. From the factor analysis two factors are extracted from original eight variables. Five variables (motives) are grouped under the first factor and another three variables are included in the second factor. The first factor can be named as self support motive and the second factor can be designated as family oriented motive. The motives which are included in the each factor along with their loadings are given below.
(i) Self Support Motive
Self support motive is a motive related to needs and wants of an individual. People mainly want to reserve some money for the purpose of meeting their own future contingencies. The variables included under this motive along with their respective loadings are given in the Table 3.
The need to save for future anticipated requirements and the need to save for future unexpected contingencies are the primary motives included under self support motive. People also save to live independently and to have higher standard of living.
(ii) Family Oriented Motive
People not only reserve money for the purpose of meeting their own needs and they also give equal importance to family related needs. They want to leave some assets to their family members after their death. For the purpose of creating more assets to their family members, they may spend less during their life time and may involve into some business to earn more money.
From the above analysis, the eight motives of saving given by Keynes are reduced into two factors namely self support motive and family oriented motive. For the purpose of future analysis only these two motives are considered.
The following table shows mean value for the self support motive and family oriented motive which signifies the importance of each motive.
Of those two motives self support motive is very dominant than family oriented motive and its presence is very strong among individual investors. The average level of self support motive among individuals is 3.54 which indicates that its presence is very predominant among individuals.
About 95 percent of people agree with the need to save to support them in future. The self support need mainly comprises of the need to save for meeting future unforeseen contingencies and future anticipated expenses. The presence of strong motives among Indians indicates that people will definitely save if they have any surplus money after meeting their basic consumption needs.
Of the total investors only 52 percent of investors agree with the need to reserve money for family oriented needs. The family oriented need is represented by need to create assets to leave it for their future family use. The presence of family oriented motives among investors is much less than self support motives.
The Eigen value and variance explained by each factor (motive) is given in the table 8.
The reduced two factors explain 52.5 percent of total variance which is fairly significant. Among the two motives, self support occupies pivotal position and it alone explains 29.3 percent of total variance. This indicates that the primary motive of every individual is self support motive and individuals differ from each other mainly on the level of their self support motive.
The individual investors can be grouped on the basis of similarities between these two factors namely self support motive and family oriented motive. Cluster analysis is performed for the purpose of segmentation of investors based on the level of motives they have on self support motive and family oriented motive.
If the investors are grouped into three segments then the first group can be called as highly motivated group because their average level of motivation is high when compared to the other two groups and they can also be called as family oriented group because they rank first in the family oriented motive. The second group can be called as least motivated group because they are not agreeable to the existence of both self support motive and family oriented motive. The third group can be christened as average level motivated group because their average level of motivation is around three which is in the middle of 1 to 5 point scale. The third group can also be called as self centered group because they have very strong self support motive.
The Analysis of variance explains that both motives are playing influential role in dividing the investors into three groups. The Anova table also indicates that there exists a significant difference in the mean scores of these three groups on both self support motive and family oriented motive. The significant difference in mean score indicates that these three groups can be explained by using these two motive categories.
A brief description of the three motive based investor groups namely highly motivated, least motivated and self centered segments is given below.
(i) Highly Motivated Investors
The motivation level of this group is high in both the family oriented motive and self support motive as the mean values of both motives are above three in the five point rating scale. They rank among the top in the family oriented motive, second in the self support motive and first in the over all average of mean values of both motives. Though they are second in the self support motive they can be termed as highly motivated group because their motivational level is high in both motives. In the sample of 552 respondents 206 respondents are in this group which means that 37 percent of investors are highly motivated.
(ii) Least Motivated Investors
The second segment of people with respect to motives of savings is called Least Motivated Investors because people in this segment have least level of motivation for savings. This group has very less level of motivation on family oriented motives and self support motives and the mean values of both these motives are less than three in the five point scale. They also rank third in both motives. They also have less level of motivation for saving in the over all average of mean values. In the overall investor population, around 25% of investors are in this category.
(iii) Self Centered Investors
The average score of mean values of both motives of this segment is 3.01; hence this group can be treated as average motivation groups. This group can also be treated as self support motivated group because they have very high level of self support motive. As these groups have high level of self support motive, very least and insignificant level of family oriented motive, this group of investors can be called as self centered investors. Around 38 percent of investing population is in this category.
Table 12 explains the number of people present in each cluster. The highly motivated group and the self centered group account for 75 percent of the total population.
If the investors are grouped into two clusters then 45% of the investors are highly motivated investors and 55% of the investors are least motivated investors. The self centered people are mainly grouped into least motivated group because they have insignificant level of motivation in family oriented motives.
The investors are classified into three clusters based on the level of motives they have for savings. The three identified clusters are highly motivated clusters, self centered clusters and least motivated clusters. Around 37 percent of investors are treated as highly motivated people and 25 percent of investors are least motivated people and 38 percent of the investors are self centered people. The next primary question is whether the identified clusters are genuine and each cluster differs from the other significantly and both motives play a role in separating investors into three segments. For this purpose discriminant analysis is used.
Wilks' lambda is the ratio of the within-groups sum of squares to the total sum of squares. Wilks' lambda is very small for family orientation which means there is a strong group difference among the three motive segmentation in a family oriented motive. The mean values of family oriented motive are significantly different among the three segments. Wilks' Lambda for self support motive is comparatively high because there is no much difference between the first segment and the third segment in the mean values of self support motive. The F statistic is a ratio of 'between-groups variability' to the 'within-groups variability'. The value of F ratio with respect to degrees of freedom is very significant which is indicated in the significance value. The low value of significance indicates that there exists a significant difference in motivational levels among the three groups. The above two facts explain that the present segmentation is right and there exists a significant group difference.
The Eigen value is the ratio of 'between-groups sum of squares' and 'within-groups sum of squares'. The largest Eigen value corresponds to the maximum spread of the groups' means. Small Eigen accounts for very little of the total dispersion. The Eigen for first discriminant function is very high when compared to second function. For the three clusters two discriminant functions can be formed and there will be two canonical correlations. The canonical correlation is a tool used to measure the association between discriminant functions and the two motives. The canonical correlation between the first function and the two motives is very high which is 0.8, but canonical correlation for the second function is only 0.6. The Wilks Lambda table indicates that both canonical correlations are significant.
Wilks' lambda for the first function is 0.226 which indicates the group means are different in the first function which is the function of family oriented motive and Wilks lambda for second function is 0.636 which also indicates that group means are different but not to the extent of the first function. The second function is the function of self support motive where the group difference is less. A chi-square transformation of Wilks' lambda is used along with the degrees of freedom to determine the degree of significance. The significance value is small for the first function which is 0.000. It indicates that group means differ very much significantly in the first function which is represented by family oriented motive. The Chi-square value for the second function is 248.443 which is also significant by 0.000.
The structure matrix indicates that two functions can be formed for the three clusters. These two domain functions can be used separately, to describe the characteristics of population. The two domain functions are
Z1 = 0.994 * Family oriented motive--1
Z2 = 0.970 * Self Support motive.--2
Diagram 1 shows that all the three clusters are distinctive clusters having different group centroids and different mean values. The cluster members are aligned separately from other group members.
The Classification of Results table measures the degree of success of the classification on the basis of motives. The number and percentage of cases correctly classified and misclassified are displayed in the table. Here 203 cases or 98.5 percent of highly motivated segments are correctly classified and only 3 cases are included in to self centered segment. In the least motivated segment 134 cases accounting for 97.8 percent are correctly classified. In self centered, it is 100 percent correctly classified. From this it can be clearly inferred that the segmentation of investors based on motive is correct by more than 98.9 percent.
It can be concluded from the above analysis that around 95 percent of Indians agree with the existence of motives to save and 75 percent of the people have high level of motivation to save. Another important finding of the study is that the level of motives has a significant influence on size of saving. India has high saving rate because Indians have high level of motives to save. The present high level of saving rate will continue as long as Indians have high level of motives. Hence the savings in India depends mainly on the ability to save. Understanding the requirements and characteristics of various segments, the marketers of investment products can tailor different instruments exclusively for different segments to fit their needs. This will help them to tide over the competition effectively and efficiently which might arise out of globalisation.
Ando, A., & Modigliani, F. (1963), The "Life Cycle" Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests. American Economic Review, 53, 55-84.
Andrea Poltho (1975), Japan: An Economic Survey 1953-1972, Oxford University Press, p. 76.
Arthur Lewis, W. (1963), Economic Development with Unlimited Supplied of Labour, in Agarwala and S. P. Singh (Ed.) The Economics of Underdevelopment, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 416.
Avery, Robert, B., Elliehausen, G. E. (1986), Financial Characteristics of High Income Families, Federal Reserve Bulletin, March 1986, pp. 163-177.
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Browning, M., & Lusardi, A. (1996), Household Saving: Micro Theories and Macro Facts, Journal of Economic Literature, 34, 1797-1855.
Carrol, C. D. (1997), Buffer Stock Saving and the Life Cycle/Permanent Income Hypothesis, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 1-55.
Feldstein, M. S. (1974), Social Security, Included Retirement, and Aggregate Capital Accumulation, Journal of Political Economy, 82(5), 905-926.
Feldstein, M. S. (1996), Social Security Saving: New Time Series Evidence, National Tax Journal, 49(2), 151-154.
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Kennickell, A. B., Starr-McCluer, M., & Surettc. B. J. (2000), Recent Changes in U.S. Family Fiances: Results from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 86, 1-29.
Keynes, J. M. (1958). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company. (Original Work Published 1936).
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Kurz, M. (1984), Capital Accumulation and the Characteristics of Private Intergenerational Transfers, Economica, 51.1-22.
Lunt, P. K., & Livingstone, S. M. (1991), Psychological, Social and Economic Determinants of Saving: Comparing Recurrent and Total Savings, Journal of Economic Psychology, 12, 621-641.
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Alagappa University, Karaikudi
Table 1 Priorities of Motives S. No Motives Mean Value Rank 1 Precaution 3.95 I 2 Foresight 3.80 II 3 Improvement 3.45 III 4 Independence 3.35 IV 5 Pride 3.27 V 6 Calculation 3.16 VI 7 Avarice 2.42 VII 8 Enterprise 2.30 VIII Table 2 KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0.731 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Chi-Square 804.442 df 28 Sig. 0.000 Table 3 Factor Loadings for Self Support Motive Statements Factor Loading 1.1) I save because I desire to provide for anticipated future needs like old age. 0.762 (1.2) I save because I desire to build reserve 0.684 for unforeseen contingencies. (1.3) 1 save because I desire to enjoy an enlarged future income like interest and appreciation 0.654 (1.4) I save because I desire to meet gradually increasing expenditure in order to improve the standard of living 0.624 (1.5) I save because I desire to enjoy a sense of independence and power to do 0.609 things Table 4 Factor Loadings for Family Oriented Motive Statements Factor Loading (2.1) I save because I desire to carry out 0.830 speculation business. (2.2) I save because I desire to spend less 0.686 (satisfy a purely miserly instinct) (2.3) I save because I desire to pass the fortune to next generation (bequeath a fortune) 0.636 Table 5 Strength of Motives S. No. Motive Mean Rank 1 Self Support 3.54 I 2 Family Oriented 2.66 II Table 6 Self Support Motive Frequency Percent Disagree 29 5.3 Agree 523 94.7 Total 552 100.0 Table 7 Family Oriented Motive Frequency Percent Disagree 265 48.0 Agree 287 52.0 Total 552 100.0 Table 8 Variance Explained by Factors % Variance S. No. Factors Eigen Value Explained Cumulative 1 Self Support Motive 2.597 29.337 29.337 2 Family Oriented Motive 1.604 23.173 52.510 Table 9 FINAL CLUSTER CENTERS Cluster 1 2 Self Support 3.75(I) 3.37(II) Family Oriented 3.38(I) 2.09(II) Table 10 Final Cluster Centers Motives Cluster 1 2 3 Self Support 3.72(II) 2.81(III) 3.85(I) Family Oriented 3.51(II) 2.12(III) 2.18(II) Average 3.61 2.46 3.01 Table 11 Anova Motives Cluster Error F Mean Square df Mean Square df Self Support 50.253 2 0.283 549 177.428 Family Oriented 118.658 2 0.241 549 492.222 Motives Sig. Self Support 0.000 Family Oriented 0.000 Table 12 Number of Cases in Each Cluster Cluster 1 206.000 37% 2 137.000 25% 3 209.000 38% Valid 552.000 100% Table 13 Number of Cases in Each Cluster Cluster 1 246.000 45% 2 306.000 55% Valid 552.000 100% Table 14 Tests of Equality of Group Means Wilks' Lambda F df1 df2 Sig. Self Support 0.607 177.428 2 549 0.000 Family Oriented 0.358 492.222 2 549 0.000 Table 15 Eigen Values Canonical Function Eigen value % of Variance Cumulatiue % Correlation 1 1.809 75.9 75.9 0.802 2 0.573 24.1 100.0 0.604 Table 16 Wilks' Lambda Test of Function(s) Wilks' Lambda Chi-square df Sig. 1 through 2 .226 814.879 4 0.000 2 .636 248.443 1 0.000 Table 17 Structure Matrix Function 1 2 Family Oriented 0.994 * -0.112 Self Support 0.244 0.970 * Table 18 Classification of Results Predicted Group Membership Saving Highly Least Self Motives Motivated Motivated centered Original Count Highly Motivated 203 0 3 Least Motivated 3 134 0 Self centered 0 0 209 % Highly Motivated 98.50 0.0 1.5 Least Motivated 2.20 97.8 0.0 Self centered 0.00 0.0 100.0 Saving Total Motives Highly Motivated 206 Least Motivated 137 Self centered 209 Highly Motivated 100.0 Least Motivated 100.0 Self centered 100.0 98.9% of original grouped cases are correctly classified.
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Author: | Kasilingam, R.; Jayabal, G. |
Publication: | Indian Journal of Economics and Business |
Date: | Dec 1, 2008 |
Words: | 5595 |
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text: Perspectives: Analysis of 275,000 uroliths Jul 01, 2006 By Jody P. Lulich, DVM, PhD,DACVIM, Carl A. Osborne, DVM, PhD, DACVIM DVM360 MAGAZINE 12Next Table 1 Changing trends in mineral composition of canine uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to 2005 Knowledge of urolith composition is important because contemporary methods of detection, treatment and prevention of the underlying causes of urolithiasis are primarily related to knowledge of urolith composition. The following discussion is based on quantitative analysis of 275,000 canine uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to the spring of 2006. (For additional details related to feline uroliths and feline urethral plugs, refer to the Diagnote entitled "Changing trends in composition of feline uroliths and feline urethral plugs," published in the April 2006 issue of DVM Newsmagazine (Vol. 37, No.4). Table 2 canine urolith distribution 1981-2005 In 1981, calcium oxalate was detected in only 5 percent of canine uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center, whereas struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) was detected in 78 percent (Table 1). However, evaluation of the prevalence of different types of minerals in canine uroliths during successive years revealed a gradual and consistent increase in occurrence of calcium oxalate uroliths and a gradual and consistent decline in the occurrence of struvite uroliths (Tables 1 and 2). In fact, by 2003 the prevalence of calcium oxalate (41 percent) was approximately equal to struvite (40 percent). In 2004, calcium oxalate (41 percent) surpassed struvite (39 percent). In 2005, calcium oxalate was detected in 41 percent of the urolith submissions while struvite was detected in (38 percent). Stated in another way, from 1981 to the spring of 2006, struvite uroliths declined by approximately 43 percent compared to a 780-percent rise in calcium oxalate (Table 2). What is the explanation of this dramatic change? Table 3 Mineral composition of 275,000 canine uroliths One hypothesis to explain the reciprocal relationship between the prevalence of canine calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate uroliths during this period is that development and widespread acceptance of medical protocols to dissolve canine struvite uroliths with calculolytic diets by the veterinary community resulted in decreased submission of struvite uroliths for analysis. Struvite urolith dissolution technology was introduced to the veterinary profession in approximately 1983. Since then, struvite dissolution has become a standard of practice. However, if the increase in prevalence of calcium oxalate resulted solely as a result of reduction in struvite stone submissions related to their dissolution, one would expect a proportionate increase in prevalence of other urolith types as well. Did this occur? During the same period, the prevalence of purines, cystine, calcium phosphate and silica uroliths did not increase substantially. However, the prevalence of compound stones containing calcium oxalate increased. (If the core or center of a urolith is at least 70 percent one mineral type [e.g. calcium oxalate], and is surrounded by one or more layers primarily [>70 percent] of a different mineral, such as struvite, then it is called a compound urolith, as seen in Photos 1 and 2). Thus it is apparent that the increased prevalence of canine calcium oxalate uroliths also must have been associated with other factors. As described elsewhere, these factors appear to include several dietary components, gender and breed of dog. Photo 1: Ventrodorsal survey radiograph of the abdomen of a 10-year-old spayed female Yorkshire terrier. Note the different radiographic density of the compound urocystolith. 12Next Hot topics on dvm360Veterinarians: Your clients are going to Google with these cat questions Feb 24, 2015Vetcetera: The complex topic of canine fear-related aggression Dec 07, 2014Reality TV and the veterinarian: Discussing mainstream dog training advice with clients Dec 07, 2014Blog: Election results pose obstacles for veterinary prescription law Nov 10, 20147 steps to a better relationship between veterinarians and rescue groups Nov 01, 2014|More|


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Alcatel, Lucent Will Merge
Updated from 12:22 p.m. EDT
Trans-Atlantic rivals Alcatel (ALA) and Lucent (LU) say they have agreed to merge.
The $13.4 billion all-stock deal will create a global telecom equipment manufacturing giant and is expected to launch a wave of consolidation among the two companies' competitors.
Alcatel and Lucent announced the agreement in a joint press release Sunday, saying the merged company will achieve $1.7 billion in pretax savings within three years and annual revenue of $25 billion. Talks between the two had been a key focus for telecom investors in recent days after Lucent confirmed negotiations were underway.
The two companies are billing the deal as a "merger of equals," and each will have equal board representation. But Alcatel is the buyer, and assuming the deal goes through, its shareholders will control 60% of the outstanding stock, vs. about 40% for Lucent holders. Under the terms of the agreement, Lucent shareowners will receive 0.1952 of an Alcatel American depository share for each Lucent share they hold. Based on Alcatel's Friday closing price of $15.40, that fraction has a cash value of $3.01, less than Lucent's Friday closing level of $3.05. Before Lucent confirmed the companies were in talks, its shares were fetching about $2.82. The combined company's ordinary shares will continue to be traded on the Euronext Paris and the ADSs will continue to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The merger's targeted savings will come in part from layoffs: Alcatel and Lucent plan to reduce their combined workforce by about 10%. That's 8,800 jobs, based on the combined companies' headcount of 88,000. The merger will also create about $1.7 billion in new cash restructuring charges, to be recorded primarily in the first year. Patricia Russo, current chief of Murray Hill, N.J.-based Lucent, will become CEO of the new company, which will locate its headquarters in Alcatel's home base of Paris. Serge Tchuruk, who is Alcatel's CEO, will become non-executive chairman.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text:
Created in this Craftsy Course
Lauren Kitchens teaches you to concoct, color, texture and transform modeling chocolate, taking it to new heights and bringing it into your kitchen.
Other projects made as part of this class:
See All Class Projects »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Cake Decorating |
Type | Sculpted |
Material | Modeling Chocolate |
Share a little about the materials, processes and techniques used to create this cake: Modeling Chocolate, fondant, Butter cream.
is the Eiffel tower all modeling chocolate? and if so how much chocolate did you use?
Yes, it is do not remember exactly, think a made one recipe of dark chocolate.


text: Tyler Moore - Big Business By Tyler Moore Posted May 10, 2013 at 10:27 AM 0 0 0Comments 5 Views It's always about business. Share Tweet gplus thumblr pinterest 1 Big Business Tyler Moore Follow Artist Embed Me To Playlist Songs Mixtapes Videos 0 0 0 5 Powered By HOTNEWHIPHOPhotnewhiphop.com Edit Colors Full Player Simple Player Embed Script Copy Short Link Copy Iframe Copy Preview Full Player Simple Player Embed Code Copy NOTE: Minimum player width is 370 pixels, height is 50 pixels. Back Full Player Simple Player NOTE: Player width is 450 pixels, height is 50 pixels. Title Artist Back 01:23 04:56 Embed Code Copy


text:
Walker injury blow for Blades boss
Blades skipper Chris Morgan's own goal gifted Newcastle a fortunate 1-0 win on Monday that lifted the Magpies back into top spot and left Blackwell cursing his latest setback, compounded by the loss of Walker who was injured in the build-up to the winning goal. Blackwell said: "It was a foul on Kyle Walker but it wasn't given and then the shot hits Chris Morgan and wrong-foots Ian Bennett for the only goal." He added: "Kyle has damaged ankle ligaments and could be out for up to six weeks - that's 11 serious injuries this season so far. I have never had anything like it in my career. "I was hoping to get Jamie Ward (broken wrist) and Lee Williamson (back) back for this game but they weren't right in training and if I risk them now I'll lose them until Christmas and we can't afford to do that. "(Nick) Montgomery (knee), (Richard) Cresswell (ribs), Ward, Williamson, (Gary) Naysmith, (Derek) Geary (both knee) - they'll all be back hopefully by the end of the month and things will start to look different then."
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text: blfs-dev at lfs.lucasit.com wrote these words on 02/13/09 23:55 CST: > I was going to call gamin a recommended dependency since the test suite > bombs without it. Any opinion? At least a note after the make check > should be added. What makes you think the test bombs without it? I don't have Gamin installed, and best I can tell the test suite ran perfectly here. Attached is the log file. Please clue me in. -- Randy rmlscsi: [bogomips 1003.24] [GNU ld version 2.16.1] [gcc (GCC) 4.0.3] [GNU C Library stable release version 2.3.6] [Linux 188.8.131.52 i686] 05:10:01 up 6 days, 21:33, 1 user, load average: 0.08, 0.05, 0.01 -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: check.log URL: <http://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/blfs-book/attachments/20090214/92788b41/attachment.ksh>


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(Washington) -- "It is essential that Congress take immediate action to reform the dysfunctional Medicare physician payment system," William E. Golden, MD, FACP, chair of the Board of Regents of the American College of Physicians (ACP), told the House Energy and Commerce Committee subcommittee on Health today.
"Medicare payments are dysfunctional because they reward high volume, episodic, and fragmented care that undervalues the relationships between physicians and their patients and, as a result, often does not produce desired outcomes," Dr. Golden noted. "Instead, we need a payment system that is centered on patients' needs, one that recognizes the value of a patient's relationship with their personal physician, and one that provides incentives for physicians to engage in continuous quality improvement and measurement supported by health information technology."
A general internist and Professor of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Dr. Golden urged Congress to enact a step-by-step plan that stabilizes physician payments in the immediate term, while establishing the building blocks for longer-term reforms. "We believe that a centerpiece should be the recognition of the enormous potential to improve outcomes and lower costs when care is managed by a patient's personal physician, practicing in systems of care centered on patients' needs," Dr. Golden said. "This model, called the patient-centered medical home, should be included any legislation to address Medicare physician payment issues."
He shared ACP's views on each of the elements of the Discussion Draft prepared by Energy and Commerce Committee chairman Joe Barton.
Providing details on each of the elements, Dr. Golden said the ACP believes that:
Dr. Golden emphasized that although members of Congress will have different perspectives on how best to avert the SGR cuts and how to fund it, "it is imperative that Congress reach an accord that will, at a minimum, replace the 5.1 percent SGR cut next year with positive updates that reflect increases in practice costs."
The American College of Physicians is the largest medical specialty organization and the second-largest physician group in the United States. ACP members include 119,000 internal medicine physicians (internists), related subspecialists, and medical students. Internists specialize in the prevention, detection and treatment of illness in adults.
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.


text: Hi, by now I have successfully completed Chapter 5 of LFS 5.0, and am in the early stages of Chapter 6. Before I go on, however, I want to make sure I understand at what point I can prevent some annoying PTY behavior I am currently facing on my host (Knoppix-installed Debian): On this host, - the pseudo terminals use a ridiculously small font (48 lines, 128 characters wide), - scrolling is extremely sluggish (to the point that I have turned to switching consoles when some process produces a lot of output), - and switching between virtual consoles can take an enormous amount of time (say, seconds), especially under heavy load. All of this is quite unacceptable behavior for me as I hate using X, frequently switch between VCs, and in the long run very much need a big font (something like 25 lines, 80 characters) that doesn't unnecessarily strain my eyes when reading. I am quite certain this is not related to the hardware: On my old ex-SuSE 5.3 box I never had those problems, except under Knoppix (which I used as a host for an attempt at an earlier LFS). I wonder whether devpts might have something to do with the problems - it is definitely mounted on my Knoppix/Debian host -, and what measures I might have to take in order to get back *readable* and *fast* pseudo terminals. In case there is a trade-off, I would very much prefer fast VCs restricted to only one of the ISO-8859-n character sets as on my old system to what I have now. Thanks for any information, Albert.


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Photo Galleries
< MyNorthwest
Remembering Governor Booth Gardner
Governor Booth Gardner died Friday, March 15, 2013, after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. He was 76.
6 of 8 |
FILE - In this Jan. 8, 2008 file photo, former Washington Gov. Booth Gardner stands in front of a painting of George Washington as he talks to reporters at the Capitol in Olympia, Wash. Gardner, a two-term Democratic governor who later in life spearheaded a campaign that made Washington the second state in the country to legalize assisted suicide for the terminally ill, has died after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. He was 76. Gardner died Friday, March 15, 2013 at his Tacoma home, family spokesman Ron Dotzauer said Saturday. He was the state's 19th governor. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Photo by Ted S. Warren
Photo by Ted S. Warren
6 of 8 |


text:
Originally written on
Football Extra Points
Last updated 11/20/14
If you are a conspiracy theorist, there is no other place you would rather be than in the Mile High City right now. The curious case of Elvis Dumervil vs. John Elway and the Denver Broncos has the city abuzz.
After the signing of Wes Welker earlier in the week, many Broncos' fans were making travel arrangements to get to the Big Apple for the Super Bowl next February. Now those plans have been put on hold as fans scratch their heads and try to figure out what exactly happened on Friday.
About the only thing Bronco country can agree about, is there was no way Dumervil was worth the twelve million he was scheduled make this year. Even the reduction to eight million seemed a little sketchy.
Beyond that, there is a whole lot of finger pointing and cloak and dagger theories going on. The NFLPA now wants an investigation of the whole affair.
Probably the most amusing theory is that Peyton Manning lobbied Elway to get rid of Dumervil so they could bring in Manning's old buddy...
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text:
Some of you may have seen Joystiq's recent giveaway involving Lost Planet. If not, the gist of it was this: there is more than one Lost Planet multiplayer demo on Live Marketplace, but this different and alternate demo is available only to a select few -- namely those who pre-ordered Lost Planet last week. Joystiq, kindly souls that they are, decided to give away free redemption codes for this super spectacular demo (which contains a different map entitled "Dilapidation."
Now, Lost Planet is a 360 game, so you'd think Joystiq (or Capcom) might be so kind as to give us, Xbox 360 Fanboy, one of those promotional codes. You might think that, but if you did, you'd be wrong. No, we didn't get any codes at all ... until today. As luck would have it, our man Godfree from Gamertag Radio hooked us up with one yesterday, so if you want your shot at this exclusive demo, listen up. All you have to do is leave a comment about why you deserve this demo. The winner will be randomly chosen, so don't feel like you have to work too hard on your entry. The winner will be chosen tonight and announced tomorrow. Get commenting and good luck.
Also, if you're crazy good at Snake, you can take a stab at making the top 4 in Gamertag Radio's arcade section. The top 4 players on their Snake leaderboard will also be receiving the exclusive Lost Planet demo.
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Off the Grid: The Witcher Adventure Game and Star Wars Imperial Assault
Posted on Feb 3rd 2015 2:15PM


text:
84 pages... 84 pages in less then a DAY and still no red post? I could understand if this thread had been going for a month and had gone under the radar, but you'd think a thread that warrants this many responses in less then 24 hours could at least garner a "were working on it" response from the red's instead of just being ignored or unnoticed.
I agree with this. I wasn't expecting to, but really, female armor was funny when I was 12, but it's gotten old now. When I'm playing sivir, I should be playing a grim, serious warrior of battle, not this playboy pretender. There are female characters that should be explicitly sexy or temptress, because it is a reality, and it's interesting, but having every female be like that... is kind of dull.
Thanks for a well written argument. I don't know if I understand what your point is though. Do you want more male champions that you find attractive? I don't think they set out to make unattractive male characters (for the most part) and attractiveness is subjective so you will never please everybody with any one design. Because I know you've said you don't want Riot to go back and change the skins and characters that already exist. Also the age argument is a societal issue because young women and older men are often more desirable, with the men being desirable for their status or wealth. This isn't cut and dry but it seems to be common enough in American culture to be a trend at least. (I am not trying to say all women are selfish gold diggers.)
Regarding the harassment of women on LoL. First I don't know why it is anyone's business that you or another player were a woman. It is bs that you feel you need to hide your gender and even worse that some people are fine treating you as less than a man in the game or in your real life. That being said the community in LoL is full of jerks, it does not excuse their actions but there are many mean and angry players that insult anyone.
The real problem I see is that no one actually seems to have a solution to the harassment of people online for issues of gender, race etc. Outside of the community or the company strictly policing it. It seems to me LoL has too many players and Riot certainly doesn't seem to have the motivation to police these issues. So I have no idea what the fix is.
I stated this after the post but i shall put it up here too as you will be reading up here first i suppose. I am not arguing for one specific side or supporting one side over the other. I am standing on top of the fence looking down on both sides to gain the best position in the argument.
The statements i make are those that are bolded AND underlined in the quote.
I had to split this into two parts since it was over 30k characters
© 2014 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


text:
1 person found this helpful
"Growing company, great atmosphere "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at PennWest
- Very friendly and open atmosphere. Senior Management are very friendly and approachable
- Mid-sized company, but has a very small feel to it
- Nice downtown office! Good location
- Gym inside the building!
- Competitive pay & benefits
- There doesn't seem to be any international opportunities, company is solely based in Canada
- Might not be easy to transfer from department to department
Even if PennWest does continue to grow and reach the size of Husky & Talisman and the others..don't lose the atmosphere! Keep hiring summer students
"Started out great, but took a turn for the worst "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at PennWest full-time (more than 5 years)
ProsGreat assets and amazing potential. Their vacation policy and office closures are great, and they used to have a great office culture. Office location is in the heart of downtown and close to many lunch spots. Their benefits package is very competitive.
ConsThe management team struggles to retain its best employees. It has failed to deliver on its promises and as a result the company has continued to experience losses and unmet production targets. All of the recent restructuring has killed employee morale and most people are in roles that they no longer enjoy. The work load is way too high and the management skills are lacking.
Doesn't RecommendNegative OutlookApproves of CEO -
1 person found this helpful
"At one time it was an excellent company. Then the merger, those people took management positions and ruined a company! "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at PennWest full-time (more than 8 years)
ProsCould work hard and get compensated for it. Good field staff to work with prior to the massive cuts.
ConsNo work life balance. Wrong people promoted. Wrong people laid off.
Advice to ManagementAdviceClean house, you kept the wrong people.
Doesn't RecommendNegative OutlookDisapproves of CEO -


text: Support our very own local designer, Allyson Jean, at her trunk show Thursday, December 10th. Allyson will be showing her custom, handcrafted heirloom bags and accessories at the MNfashion Holiday Boutique that is now open on the ground floor of Gaviidae Common. Allyson turns heirloom bridal gowns into recreated bags and accessories for loved ones to cherish on their wedding day. These one-of-a-kind pieces will be on display in the boutique beginning at 5pm. View a sampling of Allyson's designs in her Etsy Shop. Enjoy fantastic pieces while supporting the MNfashion movement, we hope to see you there!


text:
Nov 18, 2012, 04:45 PM | |
I finally got to painting the pilot figure that mtflyr (Pete) molded. More molded in detail than most humans can paint. Yes, he's a "ginger". I was mixing colors for another pilot I was painting trying to get the right brown leather color and the eyebrows are done with an intermediate color I stumbled on during the process. The scarf is Esaki tissue. It really dresses the plane up. Thanks Pete!
Ran a couple more batteries through it at the last indoor session. The big prop makes for rudder trim changes with throttle. I may try some throttle rudder mix, a smaller prop, or both to get that under control. Like every other Dr.1 I've flown, it has to be flown the whole time it is in the air and does not act nice if you get ham fisted with the stick. Needs some guns. The photo etched guns from overseas look like the best candidate if I can assemble them neatly. |
Jan 01, 2013, 01:13 PM | |||
Joined Jun 2011
15 Posts
Raise this thread from the dead.
Been working on this all night... Very close to being done. Gave a test flight a couple hours ago, been just working on final details now.
Jan 01, 2013, 05:20 PM | |
Wonko, Very nice. Glad to see another four channel DR 1. I love flying mine. Just make sure you fly it like a WW 1 plane, What I mean is start into the turn with rudder then add opposite aileron to complete the turn. If you just use the ailerons it doesn't really turn, just kind of fly's on its side. Of coarse I maybe preaching to the choir here, sorry? Have fun.
Jim |
Feb 07, 2013, 04:56 PM | |
Joined Sep 2012
48 Posts
So many super nice dr1's in here.
I see people have changed to pz champ or p51 motors. Any flight reports with those? How are the flight characteristics of the heavier setup, and can it handle more wind outdoors? Considering getting this and modding it with a pz motor, or just get a stock se5 Any input appreciated. |
Feb 07, 2013, 07:05 PM | ||
This plane can use as much nose weight as it can get, so the extra 2.5g doesn't hurt at all. If you convert the plane to a Spektrum brick, it will lose at least a gram of nose weight, so the heavier motor is a +. on the longer nose plane, you can keep the 7mm, but for the rotary motored airframes, there are few downsides to an 8.4mm motor/gearbox. |
Feb 17, 2013, 04:19 PM | |
United States, WA, Battle Ground
Joined Sep 2012
255 Posts
1st flight...
I finally got the 1st flight in with my DR-1. Even with the foam removed up front, and the battery pushed all the way forward to the rotary engine, it was tail heavy. Flew pretty good actually, but had to use full down on the elevator trim. I'm going to stick a couple small pieces of lead in the cowling... and this will be a fun little flier!
(but out of the box... the Albatros is perfect!) |
Feb 19, 2013, 12:15 AM | |
United States, WA, Battle Ground
Joined Sep 2012
255 Posts
I mounted 2 pieces of lead, (1 gram each) to the front of the firewall and flew the DR-1 today in a 6-8 mph breeze. Could almost back it up, and it did jump around a little.. but flew great. I'm re-gluing all the gear and wing attachment points with canopy glue and will do some detail painting shortly. Neat little flier!
Jun 10, 2013, 08:16 PM | |
Wow, GREAT THREAD!! Mine is on the way, should be here end of the week. Looking forward to adding scale detail and might build a little hangar scene for it.....
Latest blog entry: Balsa USA 1/4 Scale Cub! Flitfire...
Jun 10, 2013, 08:46 PM | |
Went to the Dallas Gun Show this weekend. A kid had a 1918 Spandau Machine gun for sale for $4,000 he acquired from a museum that closed. He let me pick it up (Very light) and showed me how to operate the safety lever and the charging handle. My wife would have killed me if I bought it, but it'd have been worth it.
They don't allow photographs at the show, or I'd have already posted 20 pictures of it. |
Jun 12, 2013, 10:06 AM | |
Joined Nov 2004
329 Posts
Very nice DR-1, looks great! I have one also but not modified. Even so it is my favorite indoor flyer. I would like to do the aileron mod. How did you take the dihedral out of the wings, cut and re-glue, heat etc.? Also do you feel that you have enough aileron control with the scale aileron size. Any advice would be appreciated. Thanks Rich |
Dec 16, 2013, 06:08 PM | |
Joined Nov 2003
1,331 Posts
I was wondering if there was another solvent besides Naptha to dissolve the glue along the seam. I saw on Google that Rosinol lighter fluid was taken over by Zippo and that the formula has changed. I haven't had any luck finding small quantities at the local ACE Hardware store. Thanks for any help! Ray |
Dec 16, 2013, 07:40 PM | ||
Goof Off is a similar product, but it will dissolve foam, so don't get that. |
Feb 25, 2014, 09:25 PM | ||
United States
Joined Oct 2008
220 Posts
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text:
Glamping Locations
Glamping Types
A luxury safari tent set on a family-friendly campsite with great views of the Mediterranean Sea in Tuscany.
Italy / Tuscany
Experience the ultimate in kitsch glamping in these retro-styled vintage Airstream caravans in the beautiful Suffolk countryside.
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England / Isle of Wight
Comfortably furnished authentic Mongolian yurts, perfectly located within the picturesque rolling Devon countryside.
England / Devon
A private and luxurious glamping experience in North Devon, offering many of the comforts of home in a safari style tent.
England / Devon
Charming eco-conscious yurt and tipi retreat in Central Portugal with natural wild swimming and waterfalls very close by.
Portugal / Centro Region
Fantastic food, a warm welcome and romantic glamping accommodation awaits you at this out of the ordinary Wye Valley B&B.
England / Herefordshire
Comfy yurts set in an orchard with its own natural springs, perched on a hillside with breathtaking views towards the sea.
Spain / Andalucia
Comfy yurts and tipis with real beds and futons based on a well equipped camp at Yaxham Waters near Dereham.
England / Norfolk
Exclusive site featuring a very private and romantic yurt with hot tub, nestled deep in the Welsh countryside.
Wales / Carmarthenshire
A comfortable alternative to the traditional camping experience, this glamping site is set in a stunning nature reserve.
Portugal / Centro Region
Luxury glamping domes situated on a small, safe and intimate site with a wonderfully relaxed atmosphere in the Dordogne.
France / Aquitaine
Get in touch with nature at this beautiful yurt campsite and forest school nestled in the heart of the East Devon countryside.
England / Devon
A boutique bell tent camping site at a working family run farm on the borders of Kent and East Sussex.
England / East Sussex
An eco-friendly luxury yurt site wrapped in the Surrey Hills, just an hour from central London.
England / Surrey
Chilled out camping and glamping in bell tents and pod cabins at this small and friendly campsite in the heart of North Yorkshire.
England / Yorkshire
Uniquely themed yurts at a glamping site on a working equestrian farm, just 6 miles from the heart of Lincoln City.
England / Lincolnshire
A Mongolian yurt, hand-built shepherds hut or drovers hut, set on a small working farm on the edge of the Exmoor National Park.
England / Devon
Cosy wooden camping cabins set on a smallholding on the beautiful northern edge of the Lake District.
England / Cumbria
Luxury safari tent surrounded by acres of wild flower meadows and medieval woodland, in the tranquil Suffolk countryside.
England / Suffolk
A collection of luxury off-grid shepherd huts for small group hire, in an idyllic secluded setting in the hills near Hay-on-Wye.
Wales / Powys
Yurt and bell tent glamping on a family run farm in Dorset, within easy reach of local attractions and popular towns.
England / Dorset
Luxury hillside yurts just above the Wye Valley with magnificent views of the Black Mountains in the Welsh Borders.
Wales / Powys
A tranquil and healing yurt retreat set in a stunning lakeside location within a designated eco zone.
Portugal / Centro Region


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I have two chugger in line pumps. At first they both worked fine. Now all of a sudden one of them doesnt work. I searched the forums, and found that it could have been the impeller and the tolerancing. So I followed the same instructions and bored out the impeller to 17/64". I did this to both of my pumps and the one still works fine. Now I took the one that doesnt work off my stand and took it apart. When the pump head is not attached the motor runs and works perfectly normal. However, when I put the pump head back on, and try to pump liquid, the motor doesnt even turn. Can anyone help me with this issue, or am I going to have to buy another pump? PLEASE HELP! Thanks in advance!
First contact Chugger, from what I have seen their costumer service is usually pretty good. Since these are mag drive pumps for the motor to be stuck I would expect that something is stopping the drive magnet from turning when the pump head is on. Have you dropped it / something on it at all lately? and since you have 2 can you swap the heads over and see if the problem stays with the pump head or the motor.
Call here we will help you 800-810-1053 Mike
hey im having the same problem with mine did you figure it out?
We cant help you if you don't call? 800-810-1053 it is an easy fix and the solution is on video at www.chuggerpumps.com/FAQ CAll here anytime...the magnet is mis aligned on the bracket and jamming again st the rear housing ...it may have shifted during shipping or when you dis assembled ...either way wwe will take care of you we always do !!!
Call them, i highly doubt they are a**holes.
thanks i will re adjust it if that doesnt work i will call thanks again
It is likely as chugger mentioned...if the housting right behind the pump head is misaligned, it bings with the motor and wont turn. It nees even spacing all around to work properly.
Chugger's service is beyond words. Great guys, great products.


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What's on: Wednesday's top picks from Life!
Published on Feb 25, 2014 6:11 PM
This play by The Necessary Stage grapples with the issue of road rage. Written by Haresh Sharma and directed by Alvin Tan, it involves social media interaction, inviting the audience to watch a video clip of an accident before they catch the live action on stage. More clips will be posted online allowing the audience to view and comment.
Where: The Necessary Stage Black Box, B1-02, Marine Parade Community Building, 278 Marine Parade Road MRT: Eunos When: Wed - Sun, March 5 - 9, 8pm, also 3pm on March 1, 2, 8 & 9 Admission: $31 Info: Get tickets at poorthing.peatix.com
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If you are not a subscriber, you can get instant, unlimited access here


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my favorite is the crimsoin blood alchemist because he can make people exlpode by changing there blood to an explosive object
Printable View
my favorite is the crimsoin blood alchemist because he can make people exlpode by changing there blood to an explosive object
mustang hes the ultimate arsonist and he beat ed easily during their fight but hohenhiem is cool to the mysterious father who is mentioned but never shown that ed hated for leaving
I'm madly in love with Envy. Firstly he has such a cool costume...and omg that waist of his... 0_o. His umbrella hairstyle (XD) is one of a kind, and god his voice... dubbed by one of my favorite seiyuu, Yamaguchi Mayumi. Although she's a female seiyuu, she has such a masculine voice///
Haha well I'm not a person who looks on appearances only XD He has a sad background too... I guess I shouldn't spoil it for others but in the anime he only became a bad guy because of his past. Of course nobody would forgive him just because he has his reasons but still... XD"
My favorite is Roy Mustang and Hughes. They both (together btw) made a great team and I still can't see FMA without them together.
For some reason, i really like alphonse
He has this really innocent personality and he has gone through sooo much - losing his body and allThe innocent personality means he can get molded soooo easily like
click to show spoiler
He started doubting himself and his brotherBut afterHe followed his brothers footstepsWell thats me rambling on :Dclick to show spoiler
My favorite is Roy Mustang and Ed. :X I love this characters.
Roy is funny and a strong man. I like it. Sometime is annoying, sometime is interesting.
Ed is funny:))
This is my favorite characters.
ed.... he has a deep understanding of life as it is... so it's more like a respect for ed's idea's
i would have to say my favorite character is mustang i just think its cool how he uses his fire like he was made to use it


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3 posts found | |
Is the gameplay and the runescape 'feeling' still the same or has everything been revamped? I miss having to struggle through that wolf riddled mountain to get to the other side just to pick flax to turn into bowstrings. And i miss all the co op mini-games and such. I know the graphics have been updated, is that all really? |
It's mostly been the same in actual gameplay mechanics, but there's a big patch coming up soon that's gonna change the battle system entirely. It's going to shift to a more traditional combat system with hotbars, cooldowns, and a bar that builds to use special skills. But the game still has that sense of progression you talked about, how doing certain quests unlocks new areas/shortcuts, how you can focus entirely on crafting and not on combat. Minigames are still there, and most have been improved over the last few years. |
Awesome <: Thanks for the reply~ It's a shame botters still exist. |


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Does it ever occur to you to make Caesar salad at home? I never think of it until I'm at a restaurant and it suddenly looks like the best thing on the menu—especially with some grilled chicken on top (even if I have to pay extra for that).
With this recipe dreamed up by the EatingWell Test Kitchen, it's not just the chicken that's grilled—the romaine lettuce is too! (Another thing I'd never think of.) That lightly charred lettuce adds more delicious smokiness to the Caesar salad filling for this easy meal rolled up in a warmed spinach wrap.
New Recipes: Healthy Grilled Salad Recipes and More Unexpected Foods for the Grill
Because you can pick it up and eat it, this portable wrap makes a great lunch, too, or quick take-it-with-you dinner for an activity-filled evening.
Don't Miss: More Light Wraps & Sandwiches
Grilled Chicken Caesar Salad Wrap
Print, share and save this recipe!
This chicken Caesar salad wrap recipe is elevated by the irresistible smoky flavor of grilled chicken and grilled romaine. Whisk together this easy Caesar salad dressing, toss with the grilled chicken and romaine and wrap it all together for a delicious lunch or dinner.
What new grilling recipes are you looking forward to trying? Tell us what you think below.
TAGS: Wendy Ruopp, Food Blog, Budget meals, Dinner, Family meals, Lunch, Quick meals
Wendy Ruopp has been the managing editor of EatingWell for most of her adult life. Although she writes about food for the Weeknights column of EatingWell Magazine, her husband does the cooking at home.


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Need help? Have a suggestion, problem, or question? Feel free to send us an email. We'll do our very best to help you if you have a problem, and we appreciate any feedback you can give us.
If you're having an issue, try to describe the problem as clearly as you can. Your emails go directly to the developers, and being specific and descriptive will help us solve the issue as quickly as possible.


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What's New
Tiny Driver has new improvements and it's time for an update!This version:
- Performance improvements
- Better support for iPad 2
- New icon
More levels coming soon!
App Description
★★★★★ 5 Stars (AppMyKid.com) - Kids, your wait for a driving game is over. Tiny Driver is designed for young players, ages 3+ and is built around an educational theme of exploration.Tiny Driver brings the best of physics puzzlers, racing games and educational exploration in one package for young children.
+ Retina support - now children can enjoy it too
+ 4 Free levels to drive around and explore
+ Educational journey across various climates and landscapes
+ Kid+Parent friendly for collaborative play
+ Jazzy Electric piano music
+ Samuramu high quality seal
App Changes
March 15, 2013 New version 1.3
February 02, 2013 New version 1.2
January 22, 2013 New version 1.1
November 30, -0001 Initial Release


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Wednesday, July 07
Coors Field
Attendance: 32,251
Denver, CO (Sports Network) - Chris Iannetta smacked a lead-off homer off major league newcomer Evan MacLane in the ninth inning and the Colorado Rockies earned an 8-7 win over the Cardinals, picking up their second straight magical comeback win.
Tuesday night, Seth Smith capped an improbable nine-run rally in the ninth inning in Colorado's 12-9 triumph. That was the greatest ninth-inning comeback in baseball's modern era.
Dexter Fowler tied Wednesday's game with a three-run homer in the bottom of the eighth inning.
Cardinals manager Tony La Russa elected to go with MacLane for the start of the ninth. MacLane (0-1), who was called up from Triple-A Memphis earlier in the day when Adam Ottavino went on the 15-day disabled list, threw just six pitches in his major league debut. Iannetta crushed a 3-2 offering over the wall in left field, giving the Rockies their 10th win in the last 11 meetings against the Cardinals.
"It's a tough loss. We did a lot of good things, but we just couldn't shut them down in the end," Cardinals manager Tony La Russa said.
Colorado trailed 5-0 going to the bottom of the fifth inning, but posted its third straight win in its final at-bat. On Sunday, Todd Helton lofted a sacrifice fly to left field in the bottom of the 15th inning, and the Rockies beat San Francisco, 4-3.
"[If] we're down early, we're going to start chipping away. That's been our mind set all year," Rockies shortstop Clint Barmes said.
Matt Holliday went 4-for-5 with a pair of solo homers against his former team, but the Cardinals faltered in the late innings again.
Brad Eldred doubled to start the bottom of the eighth against Mitchell Boggs, but La Russa went to Trever Miller with one out. Ian Stewart walked and Fowler then tagged a Jason Motte 3-2 pitch over the wall in right field to tie the game. The Cardinals nearly fell behind later in that inning, but Motte fanned pinch-hitter Jason Giambi, leaving runners at the corners.
Huston Street (1-1) picked up the win. Aaron Cook pitched the first five innings and was charged with 10 hits and five runs. St. Louis starter Jaime Garcia yielded nine hits and four runs -- two earned -- over 5 1/3 frames.
St. Louis singled five times in the first inning scoring two times, once on Albert Pujols' double-play groundout and another on Yadier Molina's base hit.
Jon Jay's run-scoring single made it 3-0 in the third, and Holliday and Jay hit back-to-back homers in the fifth.
Stewart's pinch-hit two-run single and an RBI base hit from Melvin Mora put Colorado on the scoreboard in the bottom of the frame, but Skip Schumaker scored on a Colby Rasmus base hit in the sixth for a 6-3 difference. St. Louis lost a chance for more runs when Pujols fanned with runners at the corners.
Stewart's RBI single got it back to a two-run margin, but Holliday led off the seventh with a towering homer to center field.
Gary Darling
Bruce Dreckman
Paul Emmel
Bill Hohn


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Subject: Artbeat
Date: Sat, 28 Sep 1996 16:21:12 -0400 (EDT)
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Artbeat is the electonic version of a quarterly magazine published by the
Australian Department of Communications and the Arts. It includes
fulltext articles about Australian art and artists. Information about
festivals and grants is also available through Artbeat, along with
"Heritage Highlights" and news briefs. "Heritage Highlights"
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the death of christian conservatism
Tag Archives: gop.com
a new day for the internet
Aaaaaand GOP.com Redirects To…
or maybe just michael steele
Elderly Jewish Man Running RNC Press Office
not bling bling at all
You Can Set Your Watch To GOP.com Dismantling New GOP.com Features
getting a hang of the internet!
Let's All Play The Latest Backfirey Choose Your Own Adventure Game From GOP.com!
america's greatest website
Look, A Well Produced Internet Video Game From GOP.com
rare opportunities
Michael Steele Is Taking Questions On Facebook, You Guys!
america's greatest non-website platform
Meanwhile, At GOP.com, Some New Terrible Thing
unworthy conquests
Paultards Have Obviously At This Point Already Subjugated GOP.com
Yo What Up "What Up"?
america's top websites
Sweet Crickets, This New GOP Website Is One Helluva Funbag
a changing world
A Children's Treasury Of 'GOP Faces' From The Hot New GOP Website
ooh controversial
Look! GOP.com Provides Opportunity For Minor Hijinks!
you lost this one fellas
Barack Obama Will Never Visit Iraq, Still!
the neighbors are watching