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Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for...
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Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing the Energy Efficiency Potential of Industrial Motor Systems Speaker(s): Ali Hasanbeigi Date: February 8,...
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use...
Motor System Use This profile discusses how energy efficienct motor systems can help pulp and paper mills save money. Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use...
Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves
expert opinion and available data from the United States, Canada, the European Union, Thailand, Vietnam, and Brazil, bottom-up energy efficiency supply curve models were...
Highly Efficient Electric Motor Systems - National Renewable ...
Electric Motor Systems ... savings. Conical hubs Matching axial field poles. Issued Patents on Motor Geometry. 7 NREL Energy Forum November 2009 www.novatorque.com.
Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing
Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing the Energy Efficiency Potential of Industrial Motor Systems Speaker(s): Ali Hasanbeigi Date: February 8, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Aimee McKane Motor-driven equipment accounts for approximately 60% of manufacturing final electricity use worldwide. A major barrier to effective policymaking, and to more global acceptance of the energy efficiency potential in industrial motor systems, is the lack of a transparent methodology for quantifying the magnitude and cost-effectiveness of these energy savings. This paper presents the results of groundbreaking analyses conducted for five countries and one region to begin to address this barrier. Using a combination of expert opinion and available data from the United States,
Electric motor systems in developing countries: Opportunities for efficiency improvement
SciTech Connect
This report presents an overview of the current status and efficiency improvement potential of industrial motor systems in developing countries. Better management of electric motor systems is of particular relevance in developing countries, where improved efficiency can lead to increased productivity and slower growth in electricity demand. Motor systems currently consume some 65--80% of the industrial electricity in developing countries. Drawing on studies from Thailand, India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, and Costa Rica, we describe potential efficiency gains in various parts of the motor system, from the electricity delivery system through the motor to the point where useful work is performed. We report evidence of a significant electricity conservation potential. Most of the efficiency improvement methods we examine are very cost-effective from a societal viewpoint, but are generally not implemented due to various barriers that deter their adoption. Drawing on experiences in North America, we discuss a range of policies to overcome these barriers, including education, training, minimum efficiency standards, motor efficiency testing protocols, technical assistance programs, and financial incentives.
Meyers, S.; Monahan, P.; Lewis, P.; Greenberg, S. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Nadel, S. [American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC (United States)
Improve Motor System Efficiency with MotorMaster+, Software Tools for Industry, Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes how the Industrial Technologies Program MotorMaster+ software tool aids industrial plants with finding energy-efficient motor replacement options and managing motor systems.
Not Available
Efficient Motor System Tools Sponsored by the DOE Motor Challenge Program
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The Department of Energy's (DOE) Motor Challenge program is an industry/government collaborative that is working to increase the market penetration of efficient motor-driven systems. In support of the program's Showcase Demonstrations, a variety of tools, protocols and databases are being developed. These tools will aid industry in the design, implementation, procurement, and validation of the benefits of energy efficient motor-driven systems. DOE's goal is to provide value-added products to industry to facilitate the decision-making process in maintaining and upgrading motor-driven systems and components. Tools will focus not only on energy factors, but also on productivity, reliability, and capital cost reduction. The tools will be flexible enough to be useful and user-friendly to all potential industrial end-users. It is important that the tools complement rather than compete with currently available software products. To facilitate concurrent development and future improvements, the software tools will consist of modular components.
Blazewicz, S.; McCoy, G. A.; Olszewski, M.; Scheihing, P.
System and method to determine electric motor efficiency nonintrusively
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A system and method for nonintrusively determining electric motor efficiency includes a processor programed to, while the motor is in operation, determine a plurality of stator input currents, electrical input data, a rotor speed, a value of stator resistance, and an efficiency of the motor based on the determined rotor speed, the value of stator resistance, the plurality of stator input currents, and the electrical input data. The determination of the rotor speed is based on one of the input power and the plurality of stator input currents. The determination of the value of the stator resistance is based on at least one of a horsepower rating and a combination of the plurality of stator input currents and the electrical input data. The electrical input data includes at least one of an input power and a plurality of stator input voltages.
Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Habetler, Thomas G. (Snellville, GA); Harley, Ronald G. (Lawrenceville, GA)
System and method to determine electric motor efficiency using an equivalent circuit
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A system and method for determining electric motor efficiency includes a monitoring system having a processor programmed to determine efficiency of an electric motor under load while the electric motor is online. The determination of motor efficiency is independent of a rotor speed measurement. Further, the efficiency is based on a determination of stator winding resistance, an input voltage, and an input current. The determination of the stator winding resistance occurs while the electric motor under load is online.
Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Habetler, Thomas G. (Snellville, GA)
Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Industrial Development Organization Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Industry Topics: Technology characterizations Resource Type: Publications, Case studies/examples Website: www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Services/Energy_and_Climate_Change/ Country: United States, Canada, Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil UN Region: South-Eastern Asia, "Latin America and Caribbean" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., Northern America, "Western & Eastern Europe" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property.
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting from Efficient Motor System Use
spends 3.6 billion or about 2.6% of its overall operating costs to operate electric motor systems-higher than any other 2- digit manufacturing SIC. Opportunities to effectively...
Energy Efficient Motors
Efficiency is only one aspect of motor performance. This paper discusses how efficiency is influenced by such factors as horsepower rating, poles, actual load, and starting requirements. It discusses some of the variables affecting efficiency, and how to interpret efficiency data. A perspective is given from which to evaluate available energy efficient motor offerings for a given application.
Hoffmeyer, W.
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use | ENERGY
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources
Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems
Motor Systems to Motor Systems to someone by E-mail Share Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on Facebook Tweet about Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on Twitter Bookmark Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on Google Bookmark Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on Delicious Rank Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on Digg Find More places to share Advanced Manufacturing Office: Motor Systems on AddThis.com... Quick Links Energy Resource Center Technical Publications by Energy System Energy-Efficient Technologies Incentives & Resources by Zip Code Better Plants Superior Energy Performance Contacts Motor Systems Photo of Man Checking Motor Performance Motor-driven equipment accounts for 54% of manufacturing electricity use. Dramatic energy and cost savings can be achieved in motor systems by
Cost Effective, High Efficiency Integrated Systems Approach to Auxilliary Electric Motors
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The CARAT program, carried out by Kinetic Art & Technology Corporation (KAT), has been one of the most commercially successful KAT R&D programs to date. Based on previous development of its technology, KAT designed, constructed and tested a highly efficient motor and controller system under this CARAT program with supplemental commercial funding. Throughout this CARAT effort, the technical objectives have been refined and refocused. Some objectives have been greatly expanded, while others have been minimized. The determining factor in all decisions to refocus the objectives was the commercial need, primarily the needs of KAT manufacturing partners. Several companies are employing the resulting CARAT motor and controller designs in prototypes for commercial products. Two of these companies have committed to providing cost share in order to facilitate the development. One of these companies is a major manufacturing company developing a revolutionary new family of products requiring the ultra-high system efficiency achievable by the KAT motor and controller technologies (known as Segmented ElectroMagnetic Array, or SEMA technology). Another company requires the high efficiency, quiet operation, and control characteristics afforded by the same basic motor and controller for an advanced air filtration product. The combined annual production requirement projected by these two companies exceeds one million units by 2005.
Roy Kessinger Jr.; Keith Seymour; Kanchan Angal; Jason Wolf; Steve Brewer; Leonard Schrank
Ontario Hydro Motor Efficiency Study
Electric motors consume more than one-half of the electrical energy produced by Ontario Hydro. In the residential sector, the major motor load is for refrigerators and freezers while packaged equipment dominate the motor load in the commercial market. However, this paper concentrates on the industrial market since 76% of this market's load is motors. The poly phase integral horsepower motor is the "workhorse" of industry. The efficiency of the standard induction motor can be improved. The new "high efficiency" motor is described and the operating cost is compared to the standard motor. Payback for high efficiency motors is found to be about one year for continuous duty applications. Specific instructions are presented for use in industry.
Dautovich, D. R.
Improving Energy Efficiency in Pharmaceutical ManufacturingOperations -- Part I: Motors, Drives and Compressed Air Systems
In Part I of this two-part series, we focus on efficient use of motors, drives and pumps, both for process equipment and compressed air systems. Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants in the U.S. spend nearly $1 billion each year for the fuel and electricity they need to keep their facilities running (Figure 1, below). That total that can increase dramatically when fuel supplies tighten and oil prices rise, as they did last year. Improving energy efficiency should be a strategic goal for any plant manager or manufacturing professional working in the drug industry today. Not only can energy efficiency reduce overall manufacturing costs, it usually reduces environmental emissions, establishing a strong foundation for a corporate greenhouse-gas-management program. For most pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is typically the largest consumer of energy, as shown in Table 1 below. This two-part series will examine energy use within pharmaceutical facilities, summarize best practices and examine potential savings and return on investment. In this first article, we will focus on efficient use of motors, drives and pumps, both for process equipment and compressed air systems. Part 2, to be published in May, will focus on overall HVAC systems, building management and boilers.
Galitsky, Christina; Chang, Sheng-chien; Worrell, Ernst; Masanet,Eric
Evaluating High Efficiency Motor Retrofit
In the petrochemical and refining Industries, and most manufacturing plants, the reliable operation of AC motors always has been crucial to the continuous operation of the process. Now, the cost of operating these motors has also become a significant factor. Engineers Involved In motor specification can help lower plant operating costs and reduce electrical energy consumption dramatically by a relatively simple technique: retrofit of existing, standard-efficiency motors with new, high efficiency models. This article demonstrates strong reasons for motor retrofit, and explains step-by step how process and manufacturing engineering personnel can fully evaluate a retrofit decision.
Evans, T. A.
CQST/CNEX Efficiency of Electric Motors
CQST/CNEX Efficiency of Electric Motors. NVLAP Lab Code: 200609-0. ... Send E-Mail to NVLAP at: email@example.com. Efficiency of Electric Motors. ...
Efficient electric motor systems for industry. Report on roundtable discussions of market problems and ways to overcome them
Improving the efficiency of electric motor systems is one of the best energy-saving opportunities for the United States. The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies estimates that by the year 2010 in the industrial sector, the opportunities for savings from improved efficiency in electric motor systems could be roughly as follows: 240 billion kilowatthours per year. $13 billion per year from US industry`s energy bill. Up to 50,000 megawatts in new powerplant capacity avoided. Up to 44 million metric tons of carbon-equivalent emissions mitigated per year, corresponding to 3 percent of present US emissions. Recognizing the benefits of this significant opportunity for energy savings, DOE has targeted improvements in the efficiency of electric motor systems as a key initiative in the effort to promote flexibility and efficiency in the way electricity is produced and used. Efficient electric motor systems will help the United States reach its national goals for energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions.
Efficiency of Electric Motors
... the EEM program addresses testing the efficiency of electric ... 1 of Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard C390, 'Energy Efficient Test ...
... of Electric Motors. Accreditation Valid From: January 1, 2013 Through: December 31, 2013. [24/M01] IEEE 112, Method B Electric Motor Efficiency ...
Stepping Motor Control System
This paper describes a hardware system designed to facilitate position and velocity control of a group of eight stepping motors using a PDP-11. The system includes motor driver cards and other interface cards in addition ...
Larson, Noble G.
Development of Ulta-Efficient Electric Motors
Electric motors utilize a large amount of electrical energy in utility and industrial applications. Electric motors constructed with high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials have the potential to dramatically reduce electric motor size and losses. HTS motors are best suited for large motor applications at ratings above 1000 horsepower (hp), where the energy savings from the efficiency improvement can overcome the additional power required to keep the superconductors on the rotor cooled. Large HTS based motors are expected to be half the volume and have half the losses of conventional induction motors of the same rating. For a 5000 hp industrial motor, this energy savings can result in $50,000 in operating cost savings over the course of a single year of operation. Since large horsepower motors utilize (or convert) about 30% of the electrical power generated in the United States and about 70% of large motors are candidates for replacement by HTS motors, the annual energy savings potential through the utilization of HTS motors can be up to $1 Billion in the United States alone. Research in the application of HTS materials to electric motors has lead to a number of HTS motor prototypes yet no industrial HTS motor product has yet been introduced. These motor demonstrations have been synchronous motors with HTS field windings, on the rotor. Figure 1-1 shows a solid model rendering of this type of motor. The rotor winding is made with HTS coils that are held at cryogenic temperature by introducing cooling fluid from the cryocooler to the rotor through a transfer coupling. The stator winding is made of copper wire. The HTS winding is thermally isolated from the warm armature and motor shafts by a vacuum insulation space and through the use of composite torque tubes. The stator in Figure 1-1 is an air core stator in that the stator teeth and a small part of the yoke is made up of nonmagnetic material so the magnetic fields distribute themselves as if in air. Between the HTS field winding and the physical air gap is a series of concentric cylinders that act as vacuum insulation space walls as well as conducting paths for induced currents to flow in order to shield the HTS winding and the rotor cold space from time dependent fields. These time dependent fields may be caused by rotor hunting, during a change in motor load, or by non-fundamental component voltages and currents applied by the inverter. These motors are variable speed controlled by the inverter. Common large motor utility and industrial applications are pump and fan drives that are best suited by a variable speed motor. Inverter control of the HTS motor eliminates the need to design the rotor for line starting, which would dump a large amount of heat into the rotor that would then heavily tax the cryogenic cooling system. The field winding is fed by a brushless exciter that provides DC current to the HTS rotor winding. The stator winding is air or water cooled. Technical and commercial hurdles to industrial HTS motor product introduction and customer acceptance include (1) the high cost of HTS wire and the cryogenic cooling system components, (2) customer concerns about reliability of HTS motors, and (3) the ability to attain the loss reduction potential of large HTS motors. Reliance Electric has demonstrated a number of HTS based electric motors up to a 1000 hp, variable speed synchronous motor with an HTS field winding in the year 2000. In 2001 this motor was tested to 1600 hp with a sinusoidal (constant frequency) supply. Figure 1-2 shows the HTS motor on the dynamometer test stand in the Reliance Electric test lab. The extensive test program of the 1000 hp motor successfully demonstrated the technical feasibility of large HTS motors and the basic technologies involved, however the test results did indicate the need for design refinements. In addition, test results served to identify other more fundamental critical technology issues, and revealed the need to continue research efforts in order to improve future HTS motor first cost, reliability, and performa
Shoykhet, B. (Baldor Comp.); Schiferl, R. (Baldor Comp.); Duckworth, R.; Rey, C.M.; Schwenterly, S.W.; Gouge, M.J.
The China Motor Systems Energy Conservation Program:A Major National...
electricity use. There are large opportunities toimprove the efficiency of motor systems. Electric motors in China are approximately 2-4%less efficient on average than motors in...
Electric Motor Efficiency Standards and Regulations
The last few years have seen the introduction of new standards and regulations for electric motor efficiency in the United States and elsewhere. The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 is perhaps the most significant of these and is expected to have a considerable impact on electric motor efficiency in the United States. Based on the National Equipment Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG 1 2010 Premium Efficiency standard, EISA 2007 mandates that all new induction motors (barring some exc...
Writing Motor Specifications - How to Include Efficiency
The escalating cost of electric power coupled with the rapid depletion of our non-renewable resources makes consideration of motor efficiency good sense both from economic and conservation viewpoints. The efficiency of an electric motor can be assessed during bid evaluation by applying loss penalties: however, the actual value can be influenced at an earlier stage by a careful review of what goes into the motor specification.
Quartermaine, B. J.
NVLAP Efficiency of Electric Motors
... program was originally developed at the request of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) to assist the electric motor industry in ...
Total Economics of Energy Efficient Motors
Due to the large increases in cost of electrical energy in recent years, the energy savings attainable with the use of energy-efficient motors is very attractive to all motor users. But energy and electric demand charge savings tell only part of the story. Engineers responsible for the selection of motors for many varying uses must also consider many less tangible factors when deciding whether a price premium for an energy-efficient motor is justified. These important intangible factors may throw a borderline decision in favor of a premium motor; at other times these factors may dictate that the capital money could be spent more wisely in other areas. This paper will point out those factors which effect the decision of whether or not to buy a premium priced energy-efficient motor or a standard electric motor. It will also address the question of whether it is cost-effective to rewind an old motor which has failed or to replace it with a new energy-efficient motor.
Nester, A. T.
Method for assessing in-service motor efficiency and in-service motor/load efficiency
A method and apparatus for assessing the efficiency of an in-service motor. The operating characteristics of the in-service motor are remotely measured. The operating characteristics are then applied to an equivalent circuit for electrical motors. Finally the equivalent circuit is evaluated to determine the performance characteristics of said in-service motor. Based upon the evaluation an individual is able to determine the rotor speed, power output, efficiency, and toque of the in-service motor. Additionally, an individual is able to confirm the calculations by comparing measured values with values obtained as a result of the motor equivalent circuit evaluation.
Kueck, John D. (Oak Ridge, TN); Otaduy, Pedro J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Ecological and Economical efficient Heating and Cooling by innovative Gas Motor Heat Pump Systems and Solutions
options ·Universal application as an Air-Air System (VRF), Air-Water System or combined as a Mixed System application options · Option 1: Air-Air System (VRF) #12;· Option 2: Air-Air System (HVAC System) Gas Heat
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
High Efficiency Fans and High Efficiency Electrical Motors
Replacing nominal efficient electrical motors with premium efficiency can save on electrical power costs in cotton gins. Connected horsepower load on industrial air fans is approximately 60% of the total horsepower in a typical cotton gin. By replacing old inefficient centrifugal fans with new higher efficiency fans, additional power savings can be achieved.
Breedlove, C. W.
Assessment of Efficiency and Application of Advanced Motor Technologies
This technical update explores four major emerging motor technologies. The four advanced motor types are Permanent magnet Brushless DC Motors (BLDC), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), Switched Reluctance Motors and Field Oriented Vector Control Motors. These motor technologies are not necessarily new, but are becoming popular and attractive solutions because of material cost reductions, controller innovations or the promise of higher efficiency and improved component reliability. Overall, the a...
Save Energy Now in Your Motor-Driven Systems
This DOE Industrial Technologies Program fact sheet describes how manufacturing plants can save energy and money by making energy efficiency improvements to their industrial motor-driven systems.
2528 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE 2007 A Highly Efficient 200 000 RPM Permanent Magnet Motor System
Permanent Magnet Motor System Limei Zhao1, Chan Ham2, Liping Zheng3, Thomas Wu4, Kalpathy Sundaram4, Jay presents the development of an ultra-high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) that produces effectiveness. Index Terms--Permanent magnet, motor, stability, ultra-high-speed. I. INTRODUCTION DUE
Wu, Shin-Tson
Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors October 7, 2013 - 11:28am Addthis Section 313 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 raised Federal minimum efficiency standards for general-purpose, single-speed, polyphase induction motors of 1 to 500 horsepower (hp). This new standard took effect in December 2010. The new minimum efficiency levels match FEMP's performance requirement for these motors. As a result of this increase in mandatory minimum standards and combined with the lack of significant availability of motors exceeding these standards, FEMP is suspending the purchasing specification for electric motors. Federal buyers may select for purchase any motor that meets design requirements.
Determining Electric Motor Load and Efficiency
nance logging, inventory control, energy and dollar savings tracking, and life cycle cost analysis. MotorMaster+ is available at no cost to Motor Challenge Partners. 10 Electrical...
Motor voltage high harmonics influence to efficient energy usage
Analysis of the effect of non-sinusoidal voltages on the three-phase induction motor is presented in the paper. When the induction motors are supplied by a rectangular shape of the voltage inverter with high levels of harmonic voltage (Uh,i ... Keywords: energy efficiency, harmonics, induction motor, non-sinusoidal voltage, power losses
Miloje M. Kostic; Branka B. Kostic
Abstract Efficiency issues of variable-capacitance micromotors are discussed in context of combined drive and motor
of combined drive and motor interaction. It is shown that variable-capacitance motors ideally have nearly, the drive system consisting of both the motor and electronics is not ideal when considering different motors, electric drives, efficiency I. INTRODUCTION An active area of research for commercial
Chapman, Patrick
Economic Realities and Energy Efficient Polyphase Integral Horsepower Electric Motors
Energy efficient polyphase integral horsepower electric motors are currently being vigorously promoted as a profitable method of conserving energy in many industrial and commercial applications. While the goal to be attained is indeed laudable, and must be tenaciously pursued, the economic realities of investment payback on increased efficiency versus cost of change out, power factor, etc. must have a meaningful review before decision making. Actual savings on a discount cash flow basis must be documented. and validity of the claims for the energy efficient motor must be verified. This paper develops the procedures used by the chemical manufacturing divisions of the Union Carbide Corporation in developing a long range plan for evolution from a motor population of standard efficiency units to one of higher efficiency and increased reliability. It notes statistics publicized by the U.S. Department of Energy, Union Carbide's overall electric equipment efficiency review, their own efficiency testing of sample small electric motors, and a pilot program to determine the number of lightly loaded motors in plant location. It further depicts an economic appraisal on the payback of replacing a standard efficiency motor with a higher efficiency unit and an action plan for purchasing energy efficient motors while simultaneously securing optimization of other parameters.
Whittington, B. W.
Energetics and efficiency of a molecular motor model
The energetics and efficiency of a linear molecular motor model proposed by Mogilner et al. (Phys. Lett. 237, 297 (1998)) is analyzed from an analytical point of view. The model which is based on protein friction with a track is described by coupled Langevin equations for the motion in combination with coupled master equations for the ATP hydrolysis. Here the energetics and efficiency of the motor is addressed using a many body scheme with focus on the efficiency at maximum power (EMP). It is found that the EMP is reduced from about 10 pct in a heuristic description of the motor to about 1 per mille when incorporating the full motor dynamics, owing to the strong dissipation associated with the motor action.
Fogedby, Hans C
Motor voltage asymmetry influence to the efficient energy usage
Analysis of the effect of unbalanced voltages on the three-phase induction motor is presented in the paper. Since the unbalanced voltage of 2%, 3.5% and 5% increase in losses could reach, in the same order, the amount of 8%, 25% and 50% of nominal power ... Keywords: asymetry, energy efficiency, induction motor, power losses, standard
Miloje Kostic; Aleksandar Nikolic
Ameren Illinois (Electric)- Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Prescriptive rebates are available for many HVAC and motor efficiency improvements. Pre-approval is required for all rebates. The programs are available only to non-residential customers that...
Water/Wastewater Engineering Report (High Efficiency Pump/Motor Replacement - M2 Model)
Pumping water or wastewater is the largest use of electricity for a municipal water supply or wastewater treatment plant. Increasing the overall efficiency of the pumping system can achieve significant energy savings. Overall pump system efficiency depends on the efficiency of the motor, the pump, and the design of the piping layout. The model developed in this document focuses on improvements mostly to the pumping system rather than a municipal piping system. Furthermore, this model primarily addresses electric motor-driven pumps, and does not include the pumps driven with gasoline or diesel engines.
Liu, Z.; Brumbelow, K.; Haberl, J. S.
The United States Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment: Key Results
This paper summarizes the findings of the U. S. Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment. The Market Assessment was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy. The project's principal objectives were to create a detailed portrait of the inventory of motor systems currently in use in US industrial facilities, estimate motor system energy use and potential for energy savings. The research and analysis to support these objectives consisted primarily of on-site motor system inventories of a probability sample of 254 manufacturing facilities nationwide. In addition to characterizing the motor systems in use, the research effort also gathered detailed information on motor system management and purchasing practices. This paper presents key findings from the Market Assessment in regard to patterns of motor energy use, saturation of energy efficiency measures such as efficient motors and adjustable speed drives, and motor system purchase and maintenance practices.
Rosenberg, M.
NVLAP Efficiency of Electric Motors LAP
... Structure. References & InformationDoE Energy Efficiency & Renewable EnergyIEEE Working Group on Revision of IEEE 112. ...
Motor Systems Assessment Training, Including Use of the Motor Systems Tool Suite
Motor Systems Assessment Training Motor Systems Assessment Training Presented by: Gilbert McCoy, PE Washington State University Extension Energy Program (360) 956-2086 email@example.com 2 Motor Systems Assessment Training 3 Motor Systems Assessment Training Department of Energy Information Resources U.S. DOE Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) BestPractices Website www.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices EERE Information Center (877) 337-3463 Or www.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter 4 Motor Systems Assessment Training Big Picture Perspectives: Industrial Motor Systems Industrial motor systems: � Are the single largest electrical end use category in the American economy � Account for 23% of U.S. electrical sales. 5 Motor Systems Assessment Training Ultimate
Rotary steerable motor system for underground drilling
A preferred embodiment of a system for rotating and guiding a drill bit in an underground bore includes a drilling motor and a drive shaft coupled to drilling motor so that drill bit can be rotated by the drilling motor. The system further includes a guidance module having an actuating arm movable between an extended position wherein the actuating arm can contact a surface of the bore and thereby exert a force on the housing of the guidance module, and a retracted position.
Turner, William E. (Durham, CT); Perry, Carl A. (Middletown, CT); Wassell, Mark E. (Kingwood, TX); Barbely, Jason R. (Middletown, CT); Burgess, Daniel E. (Middletown, CT); Cobern, Martin E. (Cheshire, CT)
Electrical system for a motor vehicle
In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrical system for a motor vehicle comprises a capacitor, an engine cranking motor coupled to receive motive power from the capacitor, a storage battery and an electrical generator having an electrical power output, the output coupled to provide electrical energy to the capacitor and to the storage battery. The electrical system also includes a resistor which limits current flow from the battery to the engine cranking motor. The electrical system further includes a diode which allows current flow through the diode from the generator to the battery but which blocks current flow through the diode from the battery to the cranking motor.
Tamor, Michael Alan (Toledo, OH)
In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrical system for a motor vehicle comprises a capacitor, an engine cranking motor coupled to receive motive power from the capacitor, a storage battery and an electrical generator having an electrical power output, the output coupled to provide electrical energy to the capacitor and to the storage battery. The electrical system also includes a resistor which limits current flow from the battery to the engine cranking motor. The electrical system further includes a diode which allows current flow through the diode from the generator to the battery but which blocks current flow through the diode from the battery to the cranking motor. 2 figs.
Tamor, M.A.
Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency
Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Multi-Family Residential Nonprofit Savings Category Other Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Design & Remodeling Manufacturing Sealing Your Home Ventilation Heat Pumps Heating Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Water Heating Maximum Rebate $600,000/year/facility. Incentives $1-$200,000: paid at 100% Incentives $200,000-$600,000: paid at 50% Custom: 50% of incremental cost Retro-Commissioning: $200,000/year/facility; $100,000/project Leak Survey: $10,000
News From the D.C. Office: New Work With Motor Systems
3 Aerial view of Washington D.C. 3 Aerial view of Washington D.C. News From the D.C. Office New Work With Motor Systems The Energy Analyis Program has recently started a project for the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies Motor Challenge Program. This project, to be carried out in the Washington D.C. office, extends the office's work to an exciting new area of electric motor system efficiency. Motor systems consume about 70 percent of the electric energy used in the U.S. industrial sector. Emphasis on motor efficiency in recent years has led to passage of efficiency standards, to become effective in 1997, for most common types of motors. This is extremely important because the cost of energy consumed by a motor during its useful life typically far exceeds its acquisition cost. Frequently, significant system-level opportunities
ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in Motor Vehicle Manufacturing |
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Oscillation control system for electric motor drive
A feedback system for controlling mechanical oscillations in the torsionally complaint drive train of an electric or other vehicle. Motor speed is converted in a processor to estimate state signals in which a plant model which are used to electronically modify the torque commands applied to the motor. 5 figs.
Slicker, J.M.; Sereshteh, A.
A feedback system for controlling mechanical oscillations in the torsionally complaint drive train of an electric or other vehicle. Motor speed is converted in a processor to estimate state signals in which a plant model which are used to electronically modify thetorque commands applied to the motor.
Slicker, James M. (Union Lake, MI); Sereshteh, Ahmad (Union Lake, MI)
Efficient, High-Torque Electric Vehicle Motor: Advanced Electric Vehicle Motors with Low or No Rare Earth Content
REACT Project: QM Power will develop a new type of electric motor with the potential to efficiently power future generations of EVs without the use of rare-earth-based magnets. Many of today�s EV motors use rare earth magnets to efficiently provide torque to the wheels. QM Power�s motors would contain magnets that use no rare earth minerals, are light and compact, and can deliver more power with greater efficiency and at reduced cost. Key innovations in this project include a new motor design with iron-based magnetic materials, a new motor control technique, and advanced manufacturing techniques that substantially reduce the cost of the motor. The ultimate goal of this project is to create a cost-effective EV motor that offers the rough peak equivalent of 270 horsepower.
MotorMaster+ International
Motors with MotorMaster+ International * Are your plant motor systems running at optimal energy efficiency? * Do you know how to cost-effectively determine whether to repair or...
Improving Motor and Drive System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry
This is one in a series of sourcebooks to assist industrial personnel in understanding and optimizing motors and motor-driven systems
Impact of New Federal Efficiency Performance Standards on the Industrial Motor Marketplace
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 enacted new motor efficiency standards that will go into effect in December 2010. Previous motor efficiency standards, which were implemented as part of EPAct in 1992, caused some confusion within the motor marketplace. In part, this confusion lead to the development of NEMA�s Premium� label, which has since helped guide motor purchasers to buy efficient motors. As a companion activity, the awareness program Motor Decisions Matter was established to encourage the replacement of motors with more efficient technology rather than the repair of old, inefficient motors. The motor marketplace now faces similar confusion as the new standards will soon be implemented. It is therefore incumbent upon industrial motor users to begin planning for these standards now, both by developing new motor management plans and by updating repair/replace decision criteria to reflect changes in efficiency and price for motor replacement options. At the same time, it is incumbent upon motor efficiency programs and policymakers to address the anticipated negative market behavior trends that will likely result from the new standards� implementation in the next few years.
Elliott, R. N.
System and method for motor speed estimation of an electric motor
A system and method for a motor management system includes a computer readable storage medium and a processing unit. The processing unit configured to determine a voltage value of a voltage input to an alternating current (AC) motor, determine a frequency value of at least one of a voltage input and a current input to the AC motor, determine a load value from the AC motor, and access a set of motor nameplate data, where the set of motor nameplate data includes a rated power, a rated speed, a rated frequency, and a rated voltage of the AC motor. The processing unit is also configured to estimate a motor speed based on the voltage value, the frequency value, the load value, and the set of nameplate data and also store the motor speed on the computer readable storage medium.
Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Yan, Ting (Brookfield, WI); Luebke, Charles John (Sussex, WI); Sharma, Santosh Kumar (Viman Nagar, IN)
System and method for determining stator winding resistance in an AC motor using motor drives
A system and method for determining the stator winding resistance of AC motors is provided. The system includes an AC motor drive having an input connectable to an AC source and an output connectable to an input terminal of an AC motor, a pulse width modulation (PWM) converter having switches therein to control current flow and terminal voltages in the AC motor, and a control system connected to the PWM converter. The control system generates a command signal to cause the PWM converter to control an output of the AC motor drive corresponding to an input to the AC motor, selectively generates a modified command signal to cause the PWM converter to inject a DC signal into the output of the AC motor drive, and determines a stator winding resistance of the AC motor based on the DC signal of at least one of the voltage and current.
Lu, Bin; Habetler, Thomas G; Zhang, Pinjia
Improving Industrial Refrigeration System Efficiency - Actual Applications
This paper discusses actual design and modifications for increased system efficiency and includes reduced chilled liquid flow during part load operation, reduced condensing and increased evaporator temperatures for reduced system head, thermosiphon cycle cooling during winter operation, compressor intercooling, direct refrigeration vs. brine cooling, insulation of cold piping to reduce heat gain, multiple screw compressors for improved part load operation, evaporative condensers for reduced system head and pumping energy, and using high efficiency motors.
White, T. L.
ams2000.com Stepper Motor System Basics
. STEPPING MOTORS TYPES OF STEPPING MOTORS VARIABLE RELUCTANCE PERMANENT MAGNET HYBRID MOTOR WINDINGS motor with the magnetic field electronically switched to rotate the armature magnet around. A Stepping MOTORS There are basically three types of stepping motors; variable reluctance, permanent magnet
Bechtold, Jill
Ultra-Efficient and Power Dense Electric Motors for U. S. Industry
The primary purpose of this project was to combine the ease-of-installation and ease-of-use attributes of industrial induction motors with the low-loss and small size and weight advantages of PM motors to create an ultra-efficient, high power density industrial motor that can be started across-the-line or operated from a standard, Volts/Hertz drive without the need for a rotor position feedback device. PM motor products that are currently available are largely variable speed motors that require a special adjustable speed drive with rotor position feedback. The reduced size and weight helps to offset the magnet cost in order make these motors commercially viable. The scope of this project covers horsepower ratings from 20 ? 500. Prototypes were built and tested at ratings ranging from 30 to 250 HP. Since fans, pumps and compressors make up a large portion of industrial motor applications, the motor characteristics are tailored to those applications. Also, since there is extensive use of adjustable frequency inverters in these applications, there is the opportunity to design for an optimal pole number and operate at other than 60 Hz frequency when inverters are utilized. Designs with four and eight pole configurations were prototyped as part of this work. Four pole motors are the most commonly used configuration in induction motors today. The results of the prototype design, fabrication, and testing were quite successful. The 50 HP rating met all of the design goals including efficiency and power density. Tested values of motor losses at 50 HP were 30% lower than energy efficient induction motors and the motor weight is 35% lower than the energy efficient induction motor of the same rating. Further, when tested at the 30 HP rating that is normally built in this 286T frame size, the efficiency far exceeds the project design goals with 30 HP efficiency levels indicating a 55% reduction in loss compared to energy efficient motors with a motor weight that is a few percentage points lower than the energy efficient motor. This 30 HP rating full load efficiency corresponds to a 46% reduction in loss compared to a 30 HP NEMA Premium? efficient motor. The cost goals were to provide a two year or shorter efficiency-based payback of a price premium associated with the magnet cost in these motors. That goal is based on 24/7 operation with a cost of electricity of 10 cents per kW-hr. Similarly, the 250 HP prototype efficiency testing was quite successful. In this case, the efficiency was maximized with a slightly less aggressive reduction in active material. The measured full load efficiency of 97.6% represents in excess of a 50% loss reduction compared to the equivalent NEMA Premium Efficiency induction motor. The active material weight reduction was a respectable 14.5% figure. This larger rating demonstrated both the scalability of this technology and also the ability to flexibly trade off power density and efficiency. In terms of starting performance, the 30 ? 50 HP prototypes were very extensively tested. The demonstrated capability included the ability to successfully start a load with an inertia of 25 times the motor?s own inertia while accelerating against a load torque following a fan profile at the motor?s full nameplate power rating. This capability will provide very wide applicability of this motor technology. The 250 HP prototype was also tested for starting characteristics, though without a coupled inertia and load torque. As a result it was not definitively proven that the same 25 times the motor?s own inertia could be started and synchronized successfully at 250 HP. Finite element modeling implies that this load could be successfully started, but it has not yet been confirmed by a test.
Melfi, Michael J.; Schiferl, Richard F.; Umans, Stephen D.
Method and apparatus for improved efficiency in a pulse-width-modulated alternating current motor drive
A scheme for optimizing the efficiency of an AC motor drive operated in a pulse-width-modulated mode provides that the modulation frequency of the power furnished to the motor is a function of commanded motor torque and is higher at lower torque requirements than at higher torque requirements.
Konrad, Charles E. (Roanoke, VA); Boothe, Richard W. (Roanoke, VA)
A scheme for optimizing the efficiency of an AC motor drive operated in a pulse-width-modulated mode provides that the modulation frequency of the power furnished to the motor is a function of commanded motor torque and is higher at lower torque requirements than at higher torque requirements. 6 figures.
Konrad, C.E.; Boothe, R.W.
A scheme for optimizing the efficiency of an AC motor drive operated in a pulse-width-modulated mode provides that the modulation frequency of the power furnished to the motor is a function of commanded motor torque and is higher at lower torque requirements than at higher torque requirements. 6 figs.
Assessment of Retro-Fit Energy Savings Devices: Power Efficiency Corporation's Three-Phase Motor Efficiency Controller
This report describes and documents the energy savings and power quality results of testing performed on Power Efficiency Corporation's Motor Efficiency Controller (MEC). The MEC is designed with patented E-Save Technology to help increase motor efficiency at low load levels, which in turn will introduce energy savings for the customer. Testing includes efficiency testing from an unloaded state to 100% load and power quality testing, such as sags and sustained undervoltage. The objectives of this project...
Steerable motor systems in the Gulf of Mexico
Since their introduction to the Gulf of Mexico in September 1985, downhole steerable motor systems have been widely recognized for making major contributions to improved directional and horizontal drilling efficiency as well as the overall advancement of drilling technology. Some sources estimate this advanced technology can improve overall drilling productivity by 50 percent. Others foresee the day when future generations of the current systems will replace the rotary table as the primary drive mechanisms for the bit. While the technological issues are coming into better focus, less visible are the ripple effects of this innovation upon the market participants who supply traditional products and services complimentary to the drilling process. The purpose of this article is to provide an objective evaluation of the performance statistics of steerable motor systems to date in the Gulf of Mexico, thereby allowing for a greater understanding of the future market conditions that may develop with this emerging technology.
Burton, B.
Abstract--There are two types of drivers in production machine systems: constant velocity (CV) motor and servo-motor.
) motor and servo-motor. If a system contains two drivers or more, among which some are of the CV motor while the other are the servo-motor, the system has the so-called hybrid driver architecture is stable. A simulation is performed to show verify the proposed controller. The CV motor has the velocity
Zhang, WJ "Chris"
Oil Field Electrical Energy Savings Through Energy-Efficient Motor Retrofits
The Wyoming Electric Motor Training and Testing Center (WEMTTC), in conjunction with the Department of Energy-Denver Support Office and the Naval Petroleum Reserve #3 (NPR-3), has conducted an extensive study of electric motor efficiency at the Reserve's oil field near Casper, Wyoming. As a result of this project, WEMTTC has developed a new test method for estimating an electric motor's operating efficiency, and the instrumentation to implement this test method. Using the new test method and instrumentation, several oversized or inefficient motors were replaced with new generation, high-efficiency motors, and the savings documented. This paper describes the test method and instrumentation developed by WEMTTC. The results obtained from the actual energy-efficient motor retrofits are also presented.
Ula, S.; Bershinsky, V.; Cain, W.
System design description for the HMT Rotation Motor Heater System
This document is the design description for the Rotation Motor Heater System on waste tank 241-SY-101. The description includes the certified vendor (CV) file number, operators instructions, and heater sizing calculations.
Vargo, G.F. Jr.
9.373 Somatosensory and Motor Systems, Spring 2002
General principles of motor control in biological systems. Structure and function of sensory receptors. Muscle structure and reflex arcs. Spinal cord. Locomotion. Oculomotor control. Cerebellar structure and function. Motor ...
Bizzi, Emilio
Dual power, constant speed electric motor system
A dual capacity permanent split capacitor electric motor system is provided with a stator having main and auxiliary windings. The main stator winding includes two winding sections which are connected in parallel with each other and across a pair of line terminals while the auxiliary winding is connected in series with a capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals for operation at a first output power level. Switching means are provided to reconnect the main stator winding sections in series with each other and in series with a second capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals while the stator auxiliary winding is connected directly between the line terminals for operation at a second output power level. Automatic rotation reversal occurs when the motor switches from the first to the second output power level. 6 figs.
Kirschbaum, H.S.
A dual capacity permanent split capacitor electric motor system is provided with a stator having main and auxiliary windings. The main stator winding includes two winding sections which are connected in parallel with each other and across a pair of line terminals while the auxiliary winding is connected in series with a capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals for operation at a first output power level. Switching means are provided to reconnect the main stator winding sections in series with each other and in series with a second capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals while the stator auxiliary winding is connected directly between the line terminals for operation at a second output power level. Automatic rotation reversal occurs when the motor switches from the first to the second output power level.
Kirschbaum, Herbert S. (Asheville, NC)
Energy Conservation and Efficiency Improvement for the Electric Motors Operating in U.S. Oil Fields
Because of its versatility, electricity consumption continues to grow all over the world more rapidly than any other energy form. The portion of the United States' primary energy supply used as electricity has expanded from near zero at the turn of the century to 38 percent in 1987. Electric motors use as input about 64% of all electricity in the U.S. and many other countries. The cost of powering motors in the U.S. is estimated to be roughly $90 billion a year. In terms of primary energy input, motor energy use in the U.S. is comparable to all auto energy use. Electric motors are the largest users of energy in all mineral extraction activities. In oil fields, electric motors drive the pumping units used for lifting the oil and water to the surface. To find out actual efficiencies of operating motors in the oil fields, the University of Wyoming and the U.S. Department of Energy -Denver Support Office have been working for the last twelve months on two Naval Petroleum Reserve oil fields -one each in California and Wyoming. So far, actual motor loading of all operating oil fields motors has been determined by actual field measurements. We have also completed the analysis of economy of operation of existing motors and evaluating the candidate replacement motors. In this paper, we will present these results along with the methodologies and protocol developed for motor energy efficiency improvement in oil field applications.
Ula, S.; Cain, W.; Nichols, T.
WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD - Energy ...
The methods and systems provide alternative means of selecting the magnitudes of currents to be driven into the motor windings. ... Energy Innovation Portal Technologies.
Development of Ultra-Efficient Electric Motors Final Technical Report Covering work from April 2002 through September 2007
High temperature superconducting (HTS) motors offer the potential for dramatic volume and loss reduction compared to conventional, high horspower, industrial motors. This report is the final report on the results of eight research tasks that address some of the issues related to HTS motor development that affect motor efficiency, cost, and reliability.
Rich Schiferl
Kieffer Paper Mill's Recycled Fiber Mill and PSI Energy's High Efficiency Motors Plan
The needs of electricity consumers along with the utility industry are rapidly changing. Consumers want electricity to perform more functions, improve efficiencies and help lower the cost of production, all in an environmentally responsible manner. In 1991, PSI Energy developed a comprehensive Demand-Side Management program, called Energy Matters�, aimed at improving the overall end-use efficiency of its customers. Its goal is to reduce summer peak demand 120 megawatts by the summer of 1995. Kieffer Paper Mills in Brownstown, IN had a need to address the efficiency of its new, state-of-the-art pulp processing mill that it was building. With over 4,000 horsepower of process motors going into the new plant, even a modest improvement in motor efficiency would yield significant energy savings. PSI Energy was able to help Kieffer examine the economics of high efficiency motors, and through the PSI Energy High Efficiency Motors Plan encouraged Kieffer Paper Mills to purchase energy efficient motors by helping pay part of the cost differential between high efficiency and standard efficiency models.
Myers, J. A.
Coexistence and efficiency of normal and anomalous transport by molecular motors in living cells
Recent experiments reveal both passive subdiffusion of various nanoparticles and anomalous active transport of such particles by molecular motors in the molecularly crowded environment of living biological cells. Passive and active microrheology reveals that the origin of this anomalous dynamics is due to the viscoelasticity of the intracellular fluid. How do molecular motors perform in such a highly viscous, dissipative environment? Can we explain the observed co-existence of the anomalous transport of relatively large particles of 100 to 500 nm in size by kinesin motors with the normal transport of smaller particles by the same molecular motors? What is the efficiency of molecular motors in the anomalous transport regime? Here we answer these seemingly conflicting questions and consistently explain experimental findings in a generalization of the well-known continuous diffusion model for molecular motors with two conformational states in which viscoelastic effects are included.
Igor Goychuk; Vasyl O. Kharchenko; R. Metzler
A Quick Efficiency-Optimized Scheme for Vector Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
In view of the operation characters of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application, efficiency optimization control strategy is needed to meet the demand of rapidity. A quick efficiency optimized vector control ... Keywords: PMSM, efficiency optimization, HEV, gradient search technique, golden section technique
Xianqing Cao; Liping Fan
High efficiency pulse motor drive for robotic propulsion
The goal of this research is to improve the power efficiency of robotic locomotion through the use of series elastic actuation, with a focus on swimming motion. To achieve high efficiency, electromechanical drives need to ...
Sun, Zhen, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in Motor Vehicle Manufacturing...
Skip to main content ENERGY STAR logo Skip directly to page content Facebook Twitter YouTube Our Blog Search Search Energy Efficient Products Energy Efficient Products ENERGY STAR...
Counter-Rotating Tandem Motor Drilling System
Gas Technology Institute (GTI), in partnership with Dennis Tool Company (DTC), has worked to develop an advanced drill bit system to be used with microhole drilling assemblies. One of the main objectives of this project was to utilize new and existing coiled tubing and slimhole drilling technologies to develop Microhole Technology (MHT) so as to make significant reductions in the cost of E&P down to 5000 feet in wellbores as small as 3.5 inches in diameter. This new technology was developed to work toward the DOE's goal of enabling domestic shallow oil and gas wells to be drilled inexpensively compared to wells drilled utilizing conventional drilling practices. Overall drilling costs can be lowered by drilling a well as quickly as possible. For this reason, a high drilling rate of penetration is always desired. In general, high drilling rates of penetration (ROP) can be achieved by increasing the weight on bit and increasing the rotary speed of the bit. As the weight on bit is increased, the cutting inserts penetrate deeper into the rock, resulting in a deeper depth of cut. As the depth of cut increases, the amount of torque required to turn the bit also increases. The Counter-Rotating Tandem Motor Drilling System (CRTMDS) was planned to achieve high rate of penetration (ROP) resulting in the reduction of the drilling cost. The system includes two counter-rotating cutter systems to reduce or eliminate the reactive torque the drillpipe or coiled tubing must resist. This would allow the application of maximum weight-on-bit and rotational velocities that a coiled tubing drilling unit is capable of delivering. Several variations of the CRTDMS were designed, manufactured and tested. The original tests failed leading to design modifications. Two versions of the modified system were tested and showed that the concept is both positive and practical; however, the tests showed that for the system to be robust and durable, borehole diameter should be substantially larger than that of slim holes. As a result, the research team decided to complete the project, document the tested designs and seek further support for the concept outside of the DOE.
Kent Perry
Development of Integrated Motor Assist Hybrid System: Development of the 'Insight', a Personal Hybrid Coupe
This paper presents the technical approach used to design and develop the powerplant for the Honda Insight, a new motor assist hybrid vehicle with an overall development objective of just half the fuel consumption of the current Civic over a wide range of driving conditions. Fuel consumption of 35km/L (Japanese 10-15 mode), and 3.4L/100km (98/69/EC) was realized. To achieve this, a new Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid power plant system was developed, incorporating many new technologies for packaging and integrating the motor assist system and for improving engine thermal efficiency. This was developed in combination with a new lightweight aluminum body with low aerodynamic resistance. Environmental performance goals also included the simultaneous achievement of low emissions (half the Japanese year 2000 standards, and half the EU2000 standards), high efficiency, and recyclability. Full consideration was also given to key consumer attributes, including crash safety performance, handling, and driving performance.
Kaoru Aoki; Shigetaka Kuroda; Shigemasa Kajiwara; Hiromitsu Sato; Yoshio Yamamoto
Design of Electric Vehicles DC Traction Motor Drive System Based on Optimal Control
The traditional electric vehicle DC motor drive system can not automatically weaken magnetic field. This paper designs DC motor drive system which control optimally the motor to meet the requirement. The study results show that: the drive system can ... Keywords: electric vehicles, DC motor, controller, optimal control
Yan Jun
Model Energy Conversion Efficiency of Biological Systems
MML Researchers Model Energy Conversion Efficiency of Biological Systems. Novel, highly efficient energy conversion ...
Efficiency consideration of DC link soft-switching inverters for motor drive applications
This paper critically evaluates efficiency of soft switching inverters including an actively clamped resonant dc link inverter and a clamped-mode resonant pole inverter. An analytical approach to evaluating efficiency of the clamped-mode soft switching inverter has been developed. The evaluation results are compared with that of the standard pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter. A 50-kW induction motor is used as the variable load, and the inverter efficiency is evaluated under different speed and torque conditions. The clamped-mode soft-switching inverter, although eliminating the switching loss, shows poor efficiency over the entire load range. Under low load conditions, the efficiency profile is even worse. The actively clamped resonant dc link inverter shows highest efficiency over the entire speed and torque range. However, its energy saving over the standard PWM inverter is marginal under full load or high speed conditions.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; McKeever, J.W.
Pump Systems Optimization: Energy Efficiency
Pump Systems Pump Systems Optimization: Energy Efficiency and Bottom-Line Savings Host this one-day course to help participants learn how to identify and reduce hidden operation and energy costs. Participants will: * Identify energy savings * Increase profitability * Increase reliability * Earn seven PDH credits Attendees of the "Pump Systems Optimization" one-day course will gain valuable new skills to help them improve centrifugal pump system efficiency to reduce energy and operating costs while earning seven professional development hour (PDH) credits from the Hydraulic Institute. Topics covered include:* * Why Efficient Pump Systems Are Important
Low-cost motor drive embedded fault diagnosis systems
Electric motors are used widely in industrial manufacturing plants. Bearing faults, insulation faults, and rotor faults are the major causes of electric motor failures. Based on the line current analysis, this dissertation mainly deals with the low cost incipient fault detection of inverter-fed driven motors. Basically, low order inverter harmonics contributions to fault diagnosis, a motor drive embedded condition monitoring method, analysis of motor fault signatures in noisy line current, and a few specific applications of proposed methods are studied in detail. First, the effects of inverter harmonics on motor current fault signatures are analyzed in detail. The introduced fault signatures due to harmonics provide additional information about the motor faults and enhance the reliability of fault decisions. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the extended fault signatures caused by the inverter harmonics are similar and comparable to those generated by the fundamental harmonic on the line current. In the next chapter, the reference frame theory is proposed as a powerful toolbox to find the exact magnitude and phase quantities of specific fault signatures in real time. The faulty motors are experimentally tested both offline, using data acquisition system, and online, employing the TMS320F2812 DSP to prove the effectiveness of the proposed tool. In addition to reference frame theory, another digital signal processor (DSP)-based phasesensitive motor fault signature detection is presented in the following chapter. This method has a powerful line current noise suppression capability while detecting the fault signatures. It is experimentally shown that the proposed method can determine the normalized magnitude and phase information of the fault signatures even in the presence of significant noise. Finally, a signal processing based fault diagnosis scheme for on-board diagnosis of rotor asymmetry at start-up and idle mode is presented. It is quite challenging to obtain these regular test conditions for long enough time during daily vehicle operations. In addition, automobile vibrations cause a non-uniform air-gap motor operation which directly affects the inductances of electric motor and results quite noisy current spectrum. The proposed method overcomes the challenges like aforementioned ones simply by testing the rotor asymmetry at zero speed.
Akin, Bilal
An Improved Sensorless Control System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
To improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor sensor less control system, the phase offset caused by the low pass filter must be considering. In this paper, to apply the linear control theory to PMSM system. The introduced control ... Keywords: PMSM, Reduced-order Observer, Group Time Delay, Adaptive, Sensorless
Long Tang, Hong-Lin Ou Yang, Chao Meng, Xin-Yuan Li, Xu-Jie Mo
Efficiency modeling and evaluation of a resonant snubber based soft- switching inverter for motor drive applications
This paper establishes an analytical model for a resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter. The model adopts loss separation method to evaluate losses in individual components. Because of symmetry of the inverter circuit, the developed model is suitable for both single-phase and three-phase inverters. A single-phase inverter was built and tested with a single-phase induction motor driving a fan load to verify the developed model. The equivalent single-phase induction motor model was curve-fitted from experiment. Analytical results showed reasonable agreement with experiment. The same efficiency evaluation method was then applied to the conventional hard-switching inverter, and the results were compared with that of the soft-switching inverter. The resonant snubber base soft-switching inverter shows substantial efficiency improvement over the hard switching PWM (pulse-width-modulation) inverter, especially in low speed operation.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; Ott, G.W.
Distributed monitoring system for electric-motor-driven compressors
Personnel in the Instrumentation and Controls Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in association with the United States Enrichment corporation (USEC), the Navy, and various Department of Energy sponsors, have been involved in the development and application of motor-current signature analysis (CSA) for several years. In that time CSA has proven to not only be useful for manually applied periodic monitoring of electrically driven equipment but it has also been demonstrated to be well suited for dedicated monitoring systems in industrial settings. Recent work has resulted in the development and installation of a system that can monitor up to 640 motor and compressor stages for various aerodynamic conditions in the gas compressors and electrical problems in the drive motors. This report describes a demonstration of that technology installed on 80 stages at each of the two USEC uranium enrichment plants.
Castleberry, K.N.
Pupillary efficient lighting system
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination.
Berman, Samuel M. (San Francisco, CA); Jewett, Don L. (Mill Valley, CA)
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination. 5 figs.
Berman, S.M.; Jewett, D.L.
A test platform for measuring the energy efficiency of AC induction motors under various loading conditions and control schemes/
A test platform was developed to measure and compare the energy efficiency of an AC induction motor under steady-state and cyclical loading conditions while operating in both a constant speed mode and while performing speed ...
Granata, John A. (John Anthony)
Parametric electric motor study
Technology for the axial gap motor was developed by DOE with an investment of approximately $15 million. This development effort is for motor technologies of high power density and high efficiency. Such motors that are also small and light-weight are not available on the commercial market because high-power motors have typically been used in large industrial applications where small size and light weight are not requirements. AC Delco has been developing motors since 1918 and is interested in leveraging its research and development dollars to produce an array of motor systems for vehicles and to develop a future line of propulsion products. The DOE focus of the study was applied to machining applications. The most attractive feature of this motor is the axial air gap, which may make possible the removal of the motor`s stationary component from a total enclosure of the remainder of the machine if the power characteristics are adequate. The objectives of this project were to evaluate alternative electric drive systems for machine tools and automotive electric drive systems and to select a best machine type for each of those applications. A major challenge of this project was to produce a small, light-weight, highly efficient motor at a cost-effective price. The project developed machine and machine drive systems and design criteria for the range of applications. The final results included the creation of a baseline for developing electric vehicle powertrain system designs, conventional vehicle engine support system designs, and advanced machine tool configurations. In addition, an axial gap permanent magnet motor was built and tested, and gave, said one engineer involved, a sterling performance. This effort will commercialize advanced motor technology and extend knowledge and design capability in the most efficient electric machine design known today.
Adams, D. [Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Stahura, D. [GM-AC Delco Systems, Indianapolis, IN (United States)
Work plan for the Hydrogen Mitigation Test (HMT) rotation motor heater system
Workplan to design, fabricate, and install a heater system and cover hood for the HMT rotation motor and gearbox.
Trouble-Shooting Guide for Low-Voltage ASD/Motor Systems
ASD/low-voltage motor systems are used extensively by manufacturing and many other industries for a variety of reasons, including flexibility in manufacturing, energy conservation, and improved process control. There can be, however, reliability problems with ASD/motor systems. This report discusses ASD/motor system-related issues and provides guidance in identifying and solving the root causes of problems.
Electrical Equipment Replacement: Energy Efficiency versus System Compatibility
Electrical equipment components are replaced every day because of failure, obsolescence, or upgrade. Because of technological gains, replacement components are typically more energy efficient than older equipment. Life cycle cost analyses encourage end users to select the most energy efficient equipment when replacing motors, motor drives, transformers, lamps, ballasts, etc., given costs associated with energy consumption when compared with installation. The selection of replacement parts that are compatible with existing system components and loads is critical. The purpose of this paper is to discuss fundamental electrical design principles often overlooked when replacing existing equipment with energy efficient models. NOTE: The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States of America, the U. S. Department of Justice, or the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Massey, G. W.
Low cost, compact, and high efficiency traction motor for electric and hybrid electric vehicles
A new motor drive, the switched reluctance motor drive, has been developed for hybrid-electric vehicles. The motor drive has been designed, built and tested in the test bed at a near vehicle scale. It has been shown that the switched reluctance motor drive is more suitable for traction application than any other motor drive.
Ehsani, Mark
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Transportation System Transportation System Efficiency to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Transportation System Efficiency on AddThis.com... More in this section... Idle Reduction Parts & Equipment Maintenance Driving Behavior Fleet Rightsizing System Efficiency Ridesharing Mass Transit Active Transit Multi-Modal Transportation Telework
Fundamentals of Electric Power Conversion: Volume 1: Operating Characteristics and Testing of AC Induction Motors
The prominence of ac motor-driven systems in the energy consumption field has made them the target of numerous efficiency improvements. This report describes how induction motors work, explains their characteristics, and discusses induction motor testing.
MIT Electric Vehicle Team Porsche designing a cooling system for the AC24 electric motor
In this thesis I worked on the design and analysis of a cooling system for the electric motor of the MIT Electric Vehicle Team's Porsche 914 Battery Electric Vehicle. The vehicle's Azure Dynamics AC24 motor tended to ...
Meenen, Jordan N
Pumping systems efficiency improvements flow straight to thebottom line
Industrial electrical motors account for two-thirds of theUS industrial electricity usage. Pumping systems account for an estimated25 percent of this electrical motor consumption, while pumping systems inuse in US chemical facilities consume over 37,000 GWh/year, based on USDepartment of Energy (DOE) data. A study funded by DOE estimatespotential energy savings within the chemical industry alone ofapproximately 20 percent, representing an energy savings of over 7,500GWh/year, through industrial pumping systems optimization using existing,proven techniques and technologies. This energy savings potentialrepresents significant cost savings potential for industrial facilities.Additionally, it has been shown that energy efficiency improvements toindustrial systems usually provide improved reliability, improvedproductivity, and reduced environmental costs.
Tutterow, Vestal; Casada, Don; McKane, Aimee
Steam Power Partnership: Improving Steam System Efficiency Through Marketplace Partnerships
The Alliance to Save Energy, a national nonprofit organization based in Washington DC, and the U.S. Department of Energy are working with energy efficiency suppliers to promote the comprehensive upgrade of industrial steam systems. Like EPA's Green Lights and DOE's Motor Challenge, the Steam Power Partnership program will encourage industrial energy consumers to retrofit their steam plants wherever profitable. The Alliance has organized a "Steam Team" of trade associations, consulting engineering firms, and energy efficiency companies to help develop this public- private initiative.
Jones, T.
Aruna Ravinagarajan System Energy Efficiency Lab
Aruna Ravinagarajan System Energy Efficiency Lab Aruna Ravinagarajan Advisor : Prof. Tajana Simunic of monitoring a structure over time and identifying damage System Energy Efficiency Lab damage A wireless sensor Efficiency Lab #12;SHM How is it done?SHM How is it done? System Energy Efficiency Lab Stuart G Taylor
Best Practices for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Systems: Variable-Speed-Drive Chillers
resource/24/ ASHRAE handbook � HVAC systems and equipments.Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Systems: Variable-Speed-Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Water Systems: Variable-
Xu, Tengfang
Direct Torque Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Respect to Optimal Efficiency
Direct Torque Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Respect to firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com URL: http://wwwlea.upb.de Keywords «Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor to their high torque and power per volume ratio, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM
Noé, Reinhold
Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ International
special or definite purpose motors. To quickly determine the annual energy and dollar savings of a NEMA Premium efficiency or EFF1 motor over a lower efficiency motor...
Advanced Energy Efficient Roof System
Energy consumption in buildings represents 40 percent of primary U.S. energy consumption, split almost equally between residential (22%) and commercial (18%) buildings.1 Space heating (31%) and cooling (12%) account for approximately 9 quadrillion Btu. Improvements in the building envelope can have a significant impact on reducing energy consumption. Thermal losses (or gains) from the roof make up 14 percent of the building component energy load. Infiltration through the building envelope, including the roof, accounts for an additional 28 percent of the heating loads and 16 percent of the cooling loads. These figures provide a strong incentive to develop and implement more energy efficient roof systems. The roof is perhaps the most challenging component of the building envelope to change for many reasons. The engineered roof truss, which has been around since 1956, is relatively low cost and is the industry standard. The roof has multiple functions. A typical wood frame home lasts a long time. Building codes vary across the country. Customer and trade acceptance of new building products and materials may impede market penetration. The energy savings of a new roof system must be balanced with other requirements such as first and life-cycle costs, durability, appearance, and ease of construction. Conventional residential roof construction utilizes closely spaced roof trusses supporting a layer of sheathing and roofing materials. Gypsum board is typically attached to the lower chord of the trusses forming the finished ceiling for the occupied space. Often in warmer climates, the HVAC system and ducts are placed in the unconditioned and otherwise unusable attic. High temperature differentials and leaky ducts result in thermal losses. Penetrations through the ceilings are notoriously difficult to seal and lead to moisture and air infiltration. These issues all contribute to greater energy use and have led builders to consider construction of a conditioned attic. The options considered to date are not ideal. One approach is to insulate between the trusses at the roof plane. The construction process is time consuming and costs more than conventional attic construction. Moreover, the problems of air infiltration and thermal bridges across the insulation remain. Another approach is to use structurally insulated panels (SIPs), but conventional SIPs are unlikely to be the ultimate solution because an additional underlying support structure is required except for short spans. In addition, wood spline and metal locking joints can result in thermal bridges and gaps in the foam. This study undertook a more innovative approach to roof construction. The goal was to design and evaluate a modular energy efficient panelized roof system with the following attributes: (1) a conditioned and clear attic space for HVAC equipment and additional finished area in the attic; (2) manufactured panels that provide structure, insulation, and accommodate a variety of roofing materials; (3) panels that require support only at the ends; (4) optimal energy performance by minimizing thermal bridging and air infiltration; (5) minimal risk of moisture problems; (6) minimum 50-year life; (7) applicable to a range of house styles, climates and conditions; (8) easy erection in the field; (9) the option to incorporate factory-installed solar systems into the panel; and (10) lowest possible cost. A nationwide market study shows there is a defined market opportunity for such a panelized roof system with production and semi-custom builders in the United States. Senior personnel at top builders expressed interest in the performance attributes and indicate long-term opportunity exists if the system can deliver a clear value proposition. Specifically, builders are interested in (1) reducing construction cycle time (cost) and (2) offering increased energy efficiency to the homebuyer. Additional living space under the roof panels is another low-cost asset identified as part of the study. The market potential is enhanced through construction activity levels in target marke
Jane Davidson
Method and apparatus for generating motor current spectra to enhance motor system fault detection
A method and circuitry for sampling periodic amplitude modulations in a nonstationary periodic carrier wave to determine frequencies in the amplitude modulations. The method and circuit are described in terms of an improved motor current signature analysis. The method insures that the sampled data set contains an exact whole number of carrier wave cycles by defining the rate at which samples of motor current data are collected. The circuitry insures that a sampled data set containing stationary carrier waves is recreated from the analog motor current signal containing nonstationary carrier waves by conditioning the actual sampling rate to adjust with the frequency variations in the carrier wave. After the sampled data is transformed to the frequency domain via the Discrete Fourier Transform, the frequency distribution in the discrete spectra of those components due to the carrier wave and its harmonics will be minimized so that signals of interest are more easily analyzed.
Linehan, Daniel J. (Knoxville, TN); Bunch, Stanley L. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lyster, Carl T. (Knoxville, TN)
A method and circuitry are disclosed for sampling periodic amplitude modulations in a nonstationary periodic carrier wave to determine frequencies in the amplitude modulations. The method and circuit are described in terms of an improved motor current signature analysis. The method insures that the sampled data set contains an exact whole number of carrier wave cycles by defining the rate at which samples of motor current data are collected. The circuitry insures that a sampled data set containing stationary carrier waves is recreated from the analog motor current signal containing nonstationary carrier waves by conditioning the actual sampling rate to adjust with the frequency variations in the carrier wave. After the sampled data is transformed to the frequency domain via the Discrete Fourier Transform, the frequency distribution in the discrete spectra of those components due to the carrier wave and its harmonics will be minimized so that signals of interest are more easily analyzed. 29 figs.
Linehan, D.J.; Bunch, S.L.; Lyster, C.T.
Forward and reverse control system for induction motors
A control system for controlling the direction of rotation of a rotor of an induction motor includes an array of five triacs with one of the triacs applying a current of fixed phase to the windings of the rotor and four of the triacs being switchable to apply either hot ac current or return ac current to the stator windings so as to reverse the phase of current in the stator relative to that of the rotor and thereby reverse the direction of rotation of the rotor. Switching current phase in the stator is accomplished by operating the gates of pairs of the triacs so as to connect either hot ac current or return ac current to the input winding of the stator. 1 fig.
Wright, J.T.
Method and system for operating an electric motor
Methods and systems for operating an electric motor having a plurality of windings with an inverter having a plurality of switches coupled to a voltage source are provided. A first plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The first plurality of switching vectors includes a first ratio of first magnitude switching vectors to second magnitude switching vectors. A direct current (DC) current associated with the voltage source is monitored during the applying of the first plurality of switching vectors to the plurality of switches. A second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors is selected based on the monitoring of the DC current associated with the voltage source. A second plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The second plurality of switching vectors includes the second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors.
Gallegos-Lopez, Gabriel; Hiti, Silva; Perisic, Milun
3D stepper motor system and its GUI A report for project-in-lieu-of-thesis
-reluctance step motor 10 2.2 Permanent-magnet step motor 11 2.3 Hybrid step motor 12 3 GUI design essentials 13 41 3D stepper motor system and its GUI design A report for project-in-lieu-of-thesis for masters;2 Table of Content Abstract 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Technology of the step motor system 8 2.1 Variable
Abidi, Mongi A.
System and method for determining stator winding resistance in an AC motor
A system and method for determining stator winding resistance in an AC motor is disclosed. The system includes a circuit having an input connectable to an AC source and an output connectable to an input terminal of an AC motor. The circuit includes at least one contactor and at least one switch to control current flow and terminal voltages in the AC motor. The system also includes a controller connected to the circuit and configured to modify a switching time of the at least one switch to create a DC component in an output of the system corresponding to an input to the AC motor and determine a stator winding resistance of the AC motor based on the injected DC component of the voltage and current.
Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Habetler, Thomas G. (Snellville, GA); Zhang, Pinjia (Atlanta, GA); Theisen, Peter J. (West Bend, WI)
Metadata Efficiency in Versioning File Systems
Versioning file systems retain earlier versions of modified files, allowing recovery from user mistakes or system corruption. Unfortunately, conventional versioning systems do not efficiently record large numbers of versions. In particular, versioned ...
Craig A. N. Soules; Garth R. Goodson; John D. Strunk; Gregory R. Ganger
Metadata efficiency in versioning file systems
System Effects of High Efficiency Filters in Homes
System Effects of High Efficiency Filters in Homes System Effects of High Efficiency Filters in Homes Title System Effects of High Efficiency Filters in Homes Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-6144E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Walker, Iain S., Darryl J. Dickerhoff, David Faulkner, and William J. N. Turner Conference Name ASHRAE Annual Conference Date Published 03/2013 Abstract Occupant concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) issues has led to the increased use of more effective air filters in residential heating and cooling systems. A drawback of improved filtration is that better filters tend to have more flow resistance. This can lead to lower system airflows that reduce heat exchanger efficiency, increase duct pressure that leads to increased air leakage for ducts and, in some case s, increased blower power consumption. There is currently little knowledge on the magnitude of these effects. In this study, the performance of ten central forced air systems was monitored for a year. The systems used either a Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) or a Brushless Permanent Magnet (BPM) blower. Each system was operated with a range of filter efficiencies ranging from MERV 6 (the lowest currently permitted in ASHRAE Standard 62.2) up to MERV 16. Measurements were recorded every ten seconds for blower power, filter pressure drop, supply and return plenum pressures together with plenum and indoor temperatures. These detailed continuous measurements allowed observation of filter loading effects as well as the initial change in system performance when filters were swapped. The results of the field measurements were used in simulations to examine more general system performance effects for a wider range of climates. The field tests showed that system static pressures were highly influenced by filter selection, filter loading rates varied more from house to house than by MERV rating and overall were quite low in many of the homes. PSC motors showed reduced power and airflow as the filters loaded, but BPM motors attempted to maintain a constant airflow and increased their power to do so. The combined field test and simulation results from this study indicate that for MERV 10-13 filters the effects on energy use are small (5%) and usability. In systems using low MERV filters that are already close to blower performance limits the addition of a MERV 16 filter pushed the blowers to their performance limits.
1 of 5 Copyright 2007 Tesla Motors Updated: December 19, 2007 The Tesla Roadster Battery System
1 of 5 Copyright © 2007 Tesla Motors Updated: December 19, 2007 The Tesla Roadster Battery System Tesla Motors August 16, 2006 By Gene Berdichevsky, Kurt Kelty, JB Straubel and Erik Toomre Summary This paper provides details about the design of the Tesla Roadster's lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack
Laughlin, Robert B.
Three-phase power supplying system for induction motor of the diesel-electric locomotive
In the railway traction systems, an important role play Diesel-electric locomotive. The AC traction motor proves its advantages compared to the DC older motor, but the supply (the power inverter) is more sophisticated and expensive and, in many cases, ...
M. Huzau; Eva-Henrietta Dulf; V. Tulbure; Cl. Festila
White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2011)
Kai. Motor System Energy Efficiency Practical Guide [M].products in China � Energy efficiency standards and labelingWhite Paper � Energy Efficiency Status of Energy- Using
Zhou, Nan
Method and system for determining induction motor speed ...
A non-linear, semi-parametric neural network-based adaptive filter is utilized to determine the dynamic speed of a rotating rotor within an induction motor, without ...
System Cost Analysis for an Interior Permanent Magnet Motor
The objective of this program is to provide an assessment of the cost structure for an interior permanent magnet ('IPM') motor which is designed to meet the 2010 FreedomCAR specification. The program is to evaluate the range of viable permanent magnet materials for an IPM motor, including sintered and bonded grades of rare earth magnets. The study considers the benefits of key processing steps, alternative magnet shapes and their assembly methods into the rotor (including magnetization), and any mechanical stress or temperature limits. The motor's costs are estimated for an annual production quantity of 200,000 units, and are broken out into such major components as magnetic raw materials, processing and manufacturing. But this is essentially a feasibility study of the motor's electromagnetic design, and is not intended to include mechanical or thermal studies as would be done to work up a selected design for production.
Peter Campbell
Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems
.8.1 Ideal Transformers 37 1.8.2 Magnetization Losses 40 Problems 44 2 Fundamentals of Electric Power 51 2Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems Gilbert M. Masters Stanford University A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION #12;#12;Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems #12;#12;Renewable
Kammen, Daniel M.
Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business...
Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives Eligibility Commercial Industrial...
Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study
, the induction motor, the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the switched reluctance motor. The main motor, the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the switched reluctance motor [2]. Cross induction motors and the permanent magnet motors are highly dominant, whereas those on dc motors
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Evaluation of wordtree system with motor disabled users
In this paper we propose a novel interaction technique to use with a prediction list. Our aim is to optimize the use of this assistive aid. A prediction list is generally used to reduce effort by presenting a list of candidate words that may continue ... Keywords: interaction, motor disabled people, soft keyboard, word list prediction
Georges Badr; Mathieu Raynal
Nominal Position Controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System
A nonlinear position controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was designed to achieve position tracing control and robust control. The controller included two parts: the model controller and the robust controller. The former was designed ... Keywords: PMSM, nominal control, sliding mode control
Yuzeng Zhang; Fan Wang; Mingyin Yan
Control system for a wound-rotor motor
A load switching circuit for switching two or more transformer taps under load carrying conditions includes first and second parallel connected bridge rectifier circuits which control the selective connection of a direct current load to taps of a transformer. The first bridge circuit is normally conducting so that the load is connected to a first tap through the first bridge circuit. To transfer the load to the second tap, a switch is operable to connect the second bridge circuit to a second tap, and when the second bridge circuit begins to conduct, the first bridge circuit ceases conduction because the potential at the second tap is higher than the potential at the first tap, and the load is thus connected to the second tap through the second bridge circuit. The load switching circuit is applicable in a motor speed controller for a wound-rotor motor for effecting tap switching as a function of motor speed while providing a stepless motor speed control characteristics.
Ellis, J.N.
A load switching circuit for switching two or more transformer taps under load carrying conditions includes first and second parallel connected bridge rectifier circuits which control the selective connection of a direct current load to taps of a transformer. The first bridge circuit is normally conducting so that the load is connected to a first tap through the first bridge circuit. To transfer the load to the second tap, a switch is operable to connect the second bridge circuit to a second tap, and when the second bridge circuit begins to conduct, the first bridge circuit ceases conduction because the potential at the second tap is higher than the potential at the first tap, and the load is thus connected to the second tap through the second bridge circuit. The load switching circuit is applicable in a motor speed controller for a wound-rotor motor for effecting tap switching as a function of motor speed while providing a stepless motor speed control characteristic.
Ellis, James N. (Chatsworth, CA)
System and method for motor fault detection using stator current noise cancellation
A system and method for detecting incipient mechanical motor faults by way of current noise cancellation is disclosed. The system includes a controller configured to detect indicia of incipient mechanical motor faults. The controller further includes a processor programmed to receive a baseline set of current data from an operating motor and define a noise component in the baseline set of current data. The processor is also programmed to acquire at least on additional set of real-time operating current data from the motor during operation, redefine the noise component present in each additional set of real-time operating current data, and remove the noise component from the operating current data in real-time to isolate any fault components present in the operating current data. The processor is then programmed to generate a fault index for the operating current data based on any isolated fault components.
Zhou, Wei (Los Angeles, CA); Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Nowak, Michael P. (Menomonee Falls, WI); Dimino, Steven A. (Wauwatosa, WI)
Nanocoatings for High-Efficiency Industrial Hydraulic and Tooling Systems
Industrial manufacturing in the U.S. accounts for roughly one third of the 98 quadrillion Btu total energy consumption. Motor system losses amount to 1.3 quadrillion Btu, which represents the largest proportional loss of any end-use category, while pumps alone represent over 574 trillion BTU (TBTU) of energy loss each year. The efficiency of machines with moving components is a function of the amount of energy lost to heat because of friction between contacting surfaces. The friction between these interfaces also contributes to downtime and the loss of productivity through component wear and subsequent repair. The production of new replacement parts requires additional energy. Among efforts to reduce energy losses, wear-resistant, low-friction coatings on rotating and sliding components offer a promising approach that is fully compatible with existing equipment and processes. In addition to lubrication, one of the most desirable solutions is to apply a protective coating or surface treatment to rotating or sliding components to reduce their friction coefficients, thereby leading to reduced wear. Historically, a number of materials such as diamond-like carbon (DLC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), and tungsten carbide (WC) have been examined as tribological coatings. The primary objective of this project was the development of a variety of thin film nanocoatings, derived from the AlMgB14 system, with a focus on reducing wear and friction in both industrial hydraulics and cutting tool applications. Proof-of-concept studies leading up to this project had shown that the constituent phases, AlMgB14 and TiB2, were capable of producing low-friction coatings by pulsed laser deposition. These coatings combine high hardness with a low friction coefficient, and were shown to substantially reduce wear in laboratory tribology tests. Selection of the two applications was based largely on the concept of improved mechanical interface efficiencies for energy conservation. In mobile hydraulic systems, efficiency gains through low friction would translate into improved fuel economy and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Stationary hydraulic systems, accordingly, would consume less electrical power. Reduced tooling wear in machining operations would translate to greater operating yields, while lowering the energy consumed during processing. The AlMgB14 nanocoatings technology progressed beyond baseline laboratory tests into measurable energy savings and enhancements to product durability. Three key hydraulic markets were identified over the course of the project that will benefit from implementation: industrial vane pumps, orbiting valve-in-star hydraulic motors, and variable displacement piston pumps. In the vane pump application, the overall product efficiency was improved by as much as 11%. Similar results were observed with the hydraulic motors tested, where efficiency gains of over 10% were noted. For variable displacement piston pumps, overall efficiency was improved by 5%. For cutting tools, the most significant gains in productivity (and, accordingly, the efficiency of the machining process as a whole) were associated with the roughing and finishing of titanium components for aerospace systems. Use of the AlMgB14 nanocoating in customer field tests has shown that the coated tools were able to withstand machining rates as high as 500sfm (limited only by the substrate material), with relatively low flank wear when compared to other industrial offerings. AlMgB14 coated tools exhibited a 60% improvement over similarly applied TiAlN thin films. Furthermore, AlMgB14-based coatings in these particular tests lasted twice as long than their TiAlN counterparts at the 500sfm feed rates. Full implementation of the technology into the industrial hydraulic and cutting tool markets equates to a worldwide energy savings of 46 trillion BTU/year by 2030. U.S.-based GHG emissions associated with the markets identified would fall accordingly, dropping by as much as 50,000 tonnes annually.
Clifton B. Higdon III
Permanent split capacitor single phase electric motor system
A permanent split capacitor single phase electric motor achieves balanced operation at more than one operating point by adjusting the voltage supplied to the main and auxiliary windings and adjusting the capacitance in the auxiliary winding circuit. An intermediate voltage tap on an autotransformer supplies voltage to the main winding for low speed operation while a capacitive voltage divider is used to adjust the voltage supplied to the auxiliary winding for low speed operation. 4 figs.
High Speed Rotational Motor Unit with Optimized Couplant Feed System for Ultrasonic Examination of Steam Generator Tubes
A high-speed rotational motor unit was designed and built to increase the ultrasonic data acquisition speed of steam generator tube examination in field applications. Rotational and couplant delivery speeds were optimized as they have a significant impact on data acquisition speed. The motor unit was designed to be waterproof and to move couplant (water) to the ultrasonic search unit in an efficient manner. Lessons learned from design and operations of laboratory motors were applied to this design. The r...
Motors, Pumps, and a Long Pipeline: Energy Efficiency Assessment Case Study
An assessment of opportunities for reducing energy costs was done for a pipeline section that included five pumping stations. During this investigation, demand response opportunities were also considered. All equipment was identified at the various pumping stations, and energy-saving ideas were considered for them. Specific energy conservation measures were proposed for each location. Equipment examined included indoor and outdoor lighting, HVAC, motors, and an adjustable-speed drive application. ...
Rare-Earth-Free Traction Motor: Rare Earth-Free Traction Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications
REACT Project: Baldor will develop a new type of traction motor with the potential to efficiently power future generations of EVs. Unlike today�s large, bulky EV motors which use expensive, imported rare-earth-based magnets, Baldor�s motor could be light, compact, contain no rare earth materials, and have the potential to deliver more torque at a substantially lower cost. Key innovations in this project include the use of a unique motor design, incorporation of an improved cooling system, and the development of advanced materials manufacturing techniques. These innovations could significantly reduce the cost of an electric motor.
Voltage control of emerging distribution systems with induction motor loads using robust LQG approach
mode" in emerging distribution systems. The small-signal stability analysis indicates that load voltageVoltage control of emerging distribution systems with induction motor loads using robust LQG has significant performance to improve the voltage profile of the distributed generation system
Pota, Himanshu Roy
High efficiency stoichiometric internal combustion engine system
A power system including a stoichiometric compression ignition engine in which a roots blower is positioned in the air intake for the engine to control air flow. Air flow is decreased during part power conditions to maintain the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber of the engine at stoichiometric, thus enabling the use of inexpensive three-way catalyst to reduce oxides of nitrogen. The roots blower is connected to a motor generator so that when air flow is reduced, electrical energy is stored which is made available either to the roots blower to temporarily increase air flow or to the system electrical load and thus recapture energy that would otherwise be lost in reducing air flow.
Winsor, Richard Edward (Waterloo, IA); Chase, Scott Allen (Cedar Falls, IA)
Energy efficiency improvements in Chinese compressed air systems
Air Systems, Paper #071 Energy efficiency improvements into increase industrial energy efficiency. As a result, morein use. Over time, energy efficiency decreases and the cost
McKane, Aimee; Li, Li; Li, Yuqi; Taranto, T.
Skills, human resource management and the Toyota production system (TPS): the case of Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT).
??This study investigates the implementation of the Toyota Production System (TPS) at Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT). Rather than being uniquely ?best practice?, the TPS is� (more)
Weerasombat, Thunyalak
A Novel MagPipe Pipeline transportation system using linear motor drives
A novel capsule pipeline transportation system using linear motor drives, called Magplane MagPipe, is under development with the intention to replace trucks and railways for hauling materials from the mine to the rail head, power plant, or processing plant with reduced operating cost and energy consumption. The initial demonstration of a MagPipe line in Inner Mongolia will be a 500-m-long double-pipe coal transport system with the design transportation capacity of 3 Mega-Mg per year. The pipeline consists of 6-m-long plastic pipe modules with an I-beam suspension system inside the pipe to carry sets of five coupled capsules. The pipe will also contain noncontinuous motor winding modules spaced at 50-m intervals. A set of Halbach-arrayed permanent magnets on the bottom of the capsules interact with the linear motor windings to provide propulsion. The motor is driven by variable frequency drives outside the pipe to control the speed. This paper briefly describes the overall MagPipe pipeline transportation system, including the preliminary conclusions of the linear synchronous motor analysis.
Fang, J.R.; Montgomery, D.B.; Roderick, L. [Magplane Technology Inc., Littleton, MA (United States)
A power system includes an engine, a motor/generator operatively connected to the engine, and a starter operatively connected to at least one of the engine and the motor/generator.
Hoff, Brian D. (East Peoria, IL); Algrain, Marcelo C. (Peoria, IL)
Design of Vertical Transportation System Driven by Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Signal Acquisition
Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor(PMLSM) Vertical Transportation system is a new kind of ropeless hoisting system. In addition to the complications of dynamic state characteristic, the examination of some signals is also very difficult. In this ... Keywords: PMLSM, Signal Acquisition, Hardware Designs, Software
Wang Chang Li; Zhang You Dong; Zhao Liang
Industrial Compressed Air System Energy Efficiency Guidebook.
Energy efficient design, operation and maintenance of compressed air systems in industrial plants can provide substantial reductions in electric power and other operational costs. This guidebook will help identify cost effective, energy efficiency opportunities in compressed air system design, re-design, operation and maintenance. The guidebook provides: (1) a broad overview of industrial compressed air systems, (2) methods for estimating compressed air consumption and projected air savings, (3) a description of applicable, generic energy conservation measures, and, (4) a review of some compressed air system demonstration projects that have taken place over the last two years. The primary audience for this guidebook includes plant maintenance supervisors, plant engineers, plant managers and others interested in energy management of industrial compressed air systems.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Exploring Efficient Data Movement Strategies for Exascale Systems...
Exploring Efficient Data Movement Strategies for Exascale Systems with Deep Memory Hierarchies Exploring Efficient Data Movement Strategies for Exascale Systems with Deep Memory...
Demand-Responsive and Efficient Building Systems as a Resource...
Demand-Responsive and Efficient Building Systems as a Resource for Electricity Reliability Title Demand-Responsive and Efficient Building Systems as a Resource for Electricity...
Building Technologies Office: Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems...
Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Research Project to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Research Project on Facebook...
Considerations for efficient airflow design in cleanrooms
common recirculating air system designs: fan-tower (FT) withfan-filter unit (FFU) Improving Airflow System Efficiency A high-performance cleanroom airflow designfan motor operation. These results point to opportunities for improving energy efficiency at the design
Solar ADEPT: Efficient Solar Energy Systems
Solar ADEPT Project: The 7 projects that make up ARPA-E's Solar ADEPT program, short for 'Solar Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology,' aim to improve the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy systems, which convert the sun's rays into electricity. Solar ADEPT projects are integrating advanced electrical components into PV systems to make the process of converting solar energy to electricity more efficient.
System and method for monitoring and controlling stator winding temperature in a de-energized AC motor
A system and method for measuring and controlling stator winding temperature in an AC motor while idling is disclosed. The system includes a circuit having an input connectable to an AC source and an output connectable to an input terminal of a multi-phase AC motor. The circuit further includes a plurality of switching devices to control current flow and terminal voltages in the multi-phase AC motor and a controller connected to the circuit. The controller is configured to activate the plurality of switching devices to create a DC signal in an output of the motor control device corresponding to an input to the multi-phase AC motor, determine or estimate a stator winding resistance of the multi-phase AC motor based on the DC signal, and estimate a stator temperature from the stator winding resistance. Temperature can then be controlled and regulated by DC injection into the stator windings.
Lu, Bin (Kenosha, WI); Luebke, Charles John (Sussex, WI); Habetler, Thomas G. (Snellville, GA); Zhang, Pinjia (Atlanta, GA); Becker, Scott K. (Oak Creek, WI)
Economic Implications of Net Metering for Stationary and Motor Vehicle Fuel Cell Systems in California
); and · Similarly, use of PEM fuel cell waste heat for hot water heating would require careful integration with hot consider cogeneration of hot water to be a potential competitive advantage of stationary fuel cellsPWP-092 Economic Implications of Net Metering for Stationary and Motor Vehicle Fuel Cell Systems
LBNL-58636 Best Practices for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Systems: Variable Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Water Systems: Variable-Speed-Drive Chillers Tengfang Xu Contents HVAC.................................................................................................................................... 6 #12;HVAC Water Systems Variable-Speed-Drive Chillers Summary Cleanroom energy benchmarking data
Efficiency and Fluctuation in Tight-Coupling Model of Molecular Motor
A simple tight-coupling model of a molecular chemical engine is proposed. The efficiency of the chemical engine and its average velocity can be explicitly calculated. The diffusion constant is evaluated approximately using the fluctuation theorem. Langevin simulations with stochastic boundary conditions are performed and the numerical results are compared with theoretical calculations.
Hidetsugu Sakaguchi
Propulsion system for a motor vehicle using a bidirectional energy converter
A motor vehicle propulsion system includes an electrical energy source and a traction motor coupled to receive electrical energy from the electrical energy source. The system also has a first bus provided electrical energy by the electrical energy source and a second bus of relatively lower voltage than the first bus. In addition, the system includes an electrically-driven source of reaction gas for the electrical energy source, the source of reaction gas coupled to receive electrical energy from the first bus. Also, the system has an electrical storage device coupled to the second bus for storing electrical energy at the lower voltage. The system also includes a bidirectional energy converter coupled to convert electrical energy from the first bus to the second bus and from the second bus to the first bus.
Tamor, Michael Alan (Toledo, OH); Gale, Allan Roy (Livonia, MI)
Energy Efficient Operation of Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
Ammonia refrigeration systems typically offer many energy efficiency opportunities because of their size and complexity. This paper develops a model for simulating single-stage ammonia refrigeration systems, describes common energy saving opportunities, and uses the model to quantify those opportunities. The simulation model uses data that are typically available during site visits to ammonia refrigeration plants and can be calibrated to actual consumption and performance data if available. Annual electricity consumption for a base-case ammonia refrigeration system is simulated. The model is then used to quantify energy savings for six specific energy efficiency opportunities; reduce refrigeration load, increase suction pressure, employ dual suction, decrease minimum head pressure set-point, increase evaporative condenser capacity, and reclaim heat. Methods and considerations for achieving each saving opportunity are discussed. The model captures synergistic effects that result when more than one component or parameter is changed. This methodology represents an effective method to model and quantify common energy saving opportunities in ammonia refrigeration systems. The results indicate the range of savings that might be expected from common energy efficiency opportunities.
Mohammed, Abdul Qayyum [University of Dayton, Ohio; Wenning, Thomas J [ORNL; Sever, Franc [University of Dayton, Ohio; Kissock, Professor Kelly [University of Dayton, Ohio
The MotorMaster+ Software Tool
motors.html MotorMaster+ also provides technical data that can assist with the optimization of drive systems, motor purchasing, and energy accounting, as well as energy...
Transmission System Efficiency Technology and Methodology Assessment
Reducing the carbon footprint of the electric power industry and increasing the role of renewable energy are crucial parts of a strategy for the greening of electric energy supply. This work describes the technological options available to reduce losses in transmission systems. It presents a comprehensive framework that can be applied consistently and uniformly to all energy efficiency demonstration projects to identify and quantify the various types of benefits in a standardized manner. The framework id...
Advanced Systems of Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE ...
of Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name Advanced Systems of Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE Country...
A decision support system of vehicle routing and refueling for motor carriers with time-sensitive demands
Given the recent trend of raising fuel cost and the increased time-sensitiveness of shippers, an extensive pressure is placed on the motor-carrier industry to meet the time-constrained customer demands at minimum fuel cost. We propose a decision support ... Keywords: Decision support system, Fuel cost, Motor carriers, Optimization, Vehicle routing
Yoshinori Suzuki
Synchronous operation of the BLDC motor
The brushless de (BLDC) motor is becoming widely used and popular in the small horsepower motor applications. Factors such as simplicity in control, low cost, high efficiency, low frame size, high torque per inertia, high power density and, most importantly, being br-ushless are the reasons that make the BLDC motor very attractive in motor drive applications. In this research a systematic approach to synchronous operation of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor has been investigated and implemented. This thesis establishes principles of synchronous operation of the BLDC motor, develops stable operating conditions, derives the required implementation formulas and introduces some new definitions. The synchronous system follows, open loop, a speed command. The system has been provided by two input references: current and speed. The current reference throughout the operation has been kept constant at the maximum applicable continuous current to obtain maximum torque. Current regulation has been achieved by hysteresis current control. The speed reference has been varied from zero speed to the desired speed linearly. Once speed reaches to the desired speed, it is kept constant at the desired speed. Since the motor operates synchronously and no position information has been used, the motor has to follow exactly the reference speed, otherwise pull out occurs. By this implementation, three operating points of the BLDC motor with synchronous operational system has been presented. One of the three operating points at maximum speed corresponds to maximum load operation.
Guzelgunler, Yilcan
Machine Protection System for the Stepper Motor Actuated SyLMAND Mirrors
SyLMAND, the Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices at the Canadian Light Source, consists of a dedicated X-ray lithography beamline on a bend magnet port, and process support laboratories in a clean room environment. The beamline includes a double mirror system with flat, chromium-coated silicon mirrors operated at varying grazing angles of incidence (4 mrad to 45 mrad) for spectral adjustment by high energy cut-off. Each mirror can be independently moved by two stepper motors to precisely control the pitch and vertical position. We present in this paper the machine protection system implemented in the double mirror system to allow for safe operation of the two mirrors and to avoid consequences of potential stepper motor malfunction.
Subramanian, V. R.; Dolton, W.; Wells, G.; Hallin, E. [Canadian Light Source, 101 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4 (Canada); Achenbach, S. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9 (Canada); TRLabs, 111-116 Research Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R3 (Canada); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Klymyshyn, D. M. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9 (Canada); TRLabs, 111-116 Research Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R3 (Canada); Augustin, M. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)
EV Everywhere Grand Challenge - Electric Motors and Critical Materials Breakout
Electric Motors and Critical Electric Motors and Critical Materials Breakout Laura Marlino Oak Ridge National Laboratory Iver Anderson Ames Laboratory Facilitators July 24, 2012 EV Everywhere Grand Challenge Vehicle Technologies Program - Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Motors eere.energy.gov Electric Drive Status and Targets Current Status* PHEV 40** AEV 100** AEV 300+ System Cost $/kW 20 ($1100) 5 ($600) 14 ($1680) 4 ($600) Motor Specific Power kW/kg 1.3 1.9 1.5 2 PE Specific Power kW/kg 10.5 16 12 16.7 System Peak Efficiency % 90 97 91 98 2022 EV Everywhere Targets Extremely Aggressive Targets Especially Challenging for the Electric Motor * 55kW system ** 120kW system + 150 kW system Vehicle Technologies Program - Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Motors eere.energy.gov
Maintaining Lube Oil System Cleanliness in Motor Bearing Applications
Lube oil analysis plays a significant role in assessing contamination levels and managing the condition of the lubricant and machine components. By establishing target levels for lubricant properties, contamination, and machine wear -- and measuring actual equipment performance against these limits -- utilities can quickly identify and resolve abnormal conditions before internal component damage occurs. This report outlines proactive techniques for maintaining lube oil system cleanliness and reducing int...
Energy efficiency of a dynamic glazing system
The reduction of air-conditioning energy consumptions is one of the main indicators to act on when improving the energy efficiency in buildings. In the case of advanced technological buildings, a meaningful contribution to the thermal loads and the energy consumptions reduction could depend on the correct configuration and management of the envelope systems. In recent years, the architectural trend toward highly transparent all-glass buildings presents a unique challenge and opportunity to advance the market for emerging, smart, dynamic window and dimmable daylighting control technologies (). A prototype dynamic glazing system was developed and tested at ITC-CNR; it is aimed at actively responding to the external environmental loads. Both an experimental campaign and analyses by theoretical models were carried out, aimed at evaluating the possible configurations depending on different weather conditions in several possible places. Therefore, the analytical models of the building-plant system were defined by using a dynamic energy simulation software (EnergyPlus). The variables that determine the system performance, also influenced by the boundary conditions, were analysed, such as U- and g-value; they concern both the morphology of the envelope system, such as dimensions, shading and glazing type, gap airflow thickness, in-gap airflow rate, and management, in terms of control algorithm parameters tuning fan and shading systems, as a function of the weather conditions. The configuration able to provide the best performances was finally identified by also assessing such performances, integrating the dynamic system in several building types and under different weather conditions. The dynamic envelope system prototype has become a commercial product with some applications in facade systems, curtain walls and windows. The paper describes the methodological approach to prototype development and the main results obtained, including simulations of possible applications on real buildings. (author)
Lollini, R. [Institute for Renewable Energy, EURAC Research, Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano (Italy); Danza, L.; Meroni, I. [ITC-CNR, Construction Technologies Institute - Italian National Research Council, Via Lombardia, 49 - 20098 San Giuliano Milanese (MI) (Italy)
Comparison of energy efficiency between variable refrigerant flow systems and ground source heat pump systems
Comparison of energy efficiency between variable refrigeranttheir superior energy efficiency. The variable refrigerantfew studies reporting the energy efficiency of VRF systems
Hong, Tainzhen
Commercial Motor Vehicle Brake Assessment Tools
Commercial Motor Vehicle Brake Assessment Tools Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor Safety Technology Showcase October 14, 2010 Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor #12;Overview · Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Air Brake System · North American Standard Level-1
Kodak: MotorMaster+ Is the Foundation for Energy Efficiency at a Chemical and Imaging Technologies Plant (Revised)
This DOE Industrial Technologies Program spotlight describes how Kodak is saving 5.8 million kWh and $664,000 annually after upgrading or replacing inefficient motors in its Rochester, New York, plant.
Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives Ameren Illinois (Electric) - Custom, HVAC, and Motor Business Efficiency Incentives < Back...
Efficient thermal management for multiprocessor systems
2.2.4 Thermal Modeling . . . . . . . .63 Table 4.3: Thermal Hot Spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Performance-Efficient Thermal Management . . . . . . . . . .
Co?kun, Ay?e K?v?lc?m
Linking Energy Efficiency and ISO: Creating a Framework for Sustainable Industrial Energy Efficiency
by the system. Most energy audits of such systems result inconducting the energy efficiency audit on a motor system, oraudit provides independent verification of compliance with written procedures and policies and energy-
McKane, Aimee; Perry, Wayne; Aixian, Li; Tienan, Li; Williams, Robert
Apparatus and method for controlling the rotary airlocks in a coal processing system by reversing the motor current rotating the air lock
An improvement to a coal processing system where hard materials found in the coal may cause jamming of either inflow or outflow rotary airlocks, each driven by a reversible motor. The instantaneous current used by the motor is continually monitored and compared to a predetermined value. If an overcurrent condition occurs, indicating a jamming of the airlock, a controller means starts a "soft" reverse rotation of the motor thereby clearing the jamming. Three patterns of the motor reversal are provided.
Groombridge, Clifton E. (Hardin, MT)
Quantum motor and future
In a popular language, the possibilities of the Casimir expulsion effect are presented, which can be the basis of quantum motors. Such motors can be in the form of a special multilayer thin film with periodic and complex nanosized structures. Quantum motors of the type of the Casimir platforms can be the base of transportation, energy and many other systems in the future.
Evgeny G. Fateev
Fateev, Evgeny G
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Reactor Coolant Pump/Reactor Recirculation Pump Motor Lubrication Oil Systems Maintenance G uide
RCP and RRP Motor Lubrication system issues have ranked high on NMAC maintenance Issues Surveys in recent years. Problems reported have included oil leakage at power, the need for additional reservoirs to accommodate leakage, oil degradation (foaming, particulate) as well as sludge problems due to the design of the motor and some as a result of new oil formulations and other changes made by the oil suppliers. Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) used in Pressurized Water Reactors and Reactor Recirculation Pumps ...
Cost effective solar hot water system for econo-travel motor hotel located at Hampton, VA
This paper gives the final report of a cost effective solar hot water heating system installed on the Econo-Travel Motor Hotel at 2708 Mercury Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia. The description of the system along with the final cost breakdown, performance data and payback time are given. The payback time for the installed system will be approximately four (4) years instead of the 6.65 years estimated for the proposal. The additional savings is due to the reduction in the peak demand charge since the electric hot water heaters are not required to operate at the same time each morning as the dryers used for the laundry. As called for in the proposal to DOE, the success of the system will be determined by the reduction in the utility cost and reduced use of our fossil fuels. The results shown in the hotel's monthly electricity bills indicate that this goal has been accomplished.
Cost effective solar hot water system for Econo-Travel Motor Hotel, Chesapeake, Virginia. Final report
The final report of a cost effective solar hot water heating system installed on the Econo-Travel Motor Hotel at 4725 W. Military Highway, Chesapeake, Virginia, is presented. The description of the system along with the final breakdown performance data and payback time are given. The payback time for the installed system will be approximately four (4) years instead of the 6.65 years estimated for the proposal. The additional savings is due to the reduction in the peak demand charge since the electric hot water heaters are not required to operate at the same time each morning as the dryers used for the laundry. As called for in the proposal to DOE, the success of the system will be determined by the reduction in the utility cost and reduced use of our fossil fuels. The results shown in the hotel's monthly electricity bills indicate that this goal has been accomplished.
Improving the Efficiency of Die Casting Machine Hydraulic Systems with the Retrofit of Adjustable Frequency Drives
Die casting is a common method of light metal processing which is used to produce accurately dimensioned, sharply defined metal parts. Most die casting machines in use today utilize a complex hydraulic system to perform the necessary work required for the process. The pressure and flow rate demands on the hydraulic system vary significantly throughout the cycle. Many older systems are greatly oversized so that they are able to meet the peak hydraulic demand at any point. These systems operate inefficiently because there is typically no way to limit the hydraulic capacity during periods of low demand. As a result, fluid is throttled to lower pressures and excess fluid flow is routed directly back to the system reservoir, wasting motor energy and increasing the thermal load on the cooling system. One option for improving the efficiency of older die casting machines currently in use is the retrofit of an adjustable frequency drive, or AFD. An AFD allows the speed of the pump motor to be varied, changing the pump output to suit the cycle demands. This minimizes the amount of wasted energy without affecting other process parameters. This paper will discuss the die casting process and examine the energy savings potential of retrofitting die casting machines with adjustable frequency drives.
Ambs, L.; Kosanovic, D.; Edberg, C.
Patterns and intrinsic fluctuations in semi-dilute motor-filament systems.
We perform Brownian dynamics simulations of molecular motor-induced ordering and structure formations in semi-dilute cytoskeletal filament solutions. In contrast to the previously studied dilute case where binary filament interactions prevail, the semi-dilute regime is characterized by multiple motor-mediated interactions. Moreover, the forces and torques exerted by motors on filaments are intrinsically fluctuating quantities. We incorporate the influences of thermal and motor fluctuations into our model as additive and multiplicative noises, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal that filament bundles and vortices emerge from a disordered initial state. Subsequent analysis of motor noise effects reveals: (i) Pattern formation is very robust against fluctuations in motor force; (ii) bundle formation is associated with a significant reduction of the motor fluctuation contributions; (iii) the time scale of vortex formation and coalescence decreases with increases in motor noise amplitude.
Swaminathan, S.; Ziebert, F.; Aranson, I. S.; Karpeev, D.; Northwestern Univ.; UMR CNRS Gulliver
Energy efficiency strategies in refrigeration systems of large supermarkets
Energy efficiency and its relationship with sustainable development are one of the most important objectives in modern engineering systems. In Industrial Installations that use refrigeration systems that are associated with the food industry, this optimization ... Keywords: energy efficiency, optimizing parameters, refrigeration systems, supermarkets
J. M. Garcia; L. M. R. Coelho
Efficiency of Steam and Hot Water Heat Distribution Systems
Efficiency of Steam and Hot Water Heat Distribution Systems Gary Phetteplace September 1995- tion medium (steam or hot water) and temperature for heat distribution systems. The report discusses the efficiency of both steam and hot water heat distribution systems in more detail. The results of several field
Advanced Motors
Project Summary Transportation energy usage is predicted to increase substantially by 2020. Hybrid vehicles and fuel cell powered vehicles are destined to become more prominent as fuel prices rise with the demand. Hybrid and fuel cell vehicle platforms are both dependent on high performance electric motors. Electric motors for transportation duty will require sizeable low-speed torque to accelerate the vehicle. As motor speed increases, the torque requirement decreases which results in a nearly constant power motor output. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) are well suited for this duty. , , These rotor geometries are configured in straight lines and semi circular arc shapes. These designs are of limited configurations because of the lack of availability of permanent magnets of any other shapes at present. We propose to fabricate rotors via a novel processing approach where we start with magnet powders and compact them into a net shape rotor in a single step. Using this approach, widely different rotor designs can be implemented for efficiency. The current limitation on magnet shape and thickness will be eliminated. This is accomplished by co-filling magnet and soft iron powders at specified locations in intricate shapes using specially designed dies and automatic powder filling station. The process fundamentals for accomplishing occurred under a previous Applied Technology Program titled, �?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?Motors and Generators for the 21st Century�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?. New efficient motor designs that are not currently possible (or cost prohibitive) can be accomplished by this approach. Such an approach to motor fabrication opens up a new dimension in motor design. Feasibility Results We were able to optimize a IPMSM rotor to take advantage of the powder co-filling and DMC compaction processing methods. The minimum low speed torque requirement of 5 N-m can be met through an optimized design with magnet material having a Br capability of 0.2 T. This level of magnetic performance can be met with a variety of bonded magnet compositions. The torque ripple was found to drop significantly by using thinner magnet segments. The powder co-filling and subsequent compaction processing allow for thinner magnet structures to be formed. Torque ripple can be further reduced by using skewing and pole shaping techniques. The techniques can be incorporated into the rotor during the powder co-filling process.
Knoth, Edward A.; Chelluri, Bhanumathi; Schumaker, Edward J.
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve...
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve indoor environment: How to validate comfort and energy reduction Speaker(s): Wouter Borsboom Date: December 8, 2009...
Energy Efficiency Labeling System & its Development in China
Labeling Labeling System & Its Development in China Cheng Jianhong Berkeley, U.S. 6 May, 2011 The Second U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Forum Initiated in 2005 The issue of Measures for the Administration of Energy Efficiency Labels ([2004] Decree No. 17) by NDRC and AQSIQ marked that energy efficiency labeling system was formally established in China. I. Concept of Energy Efficiency Labels in China Positive externalities of energy conservation management Dissymmetry of energy efficiency information Disclosure of energy efficiency information Supervision over information authenticity Essence of energy efficiency labeling system 10 One of the Tools for Market Transformation Energy Conservation Law Product Quality Law Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Certification
Application Guidelines for Motor Control Circuits Protection and Control Circuits and Devices in the Voltage Sag Environment: System Compatibility Research
Common electrical disturbances in the power system-such as voltage sags and brief interruptions-can disrupt the performance of electronic equipment. This project, part of EPRI's ongoing Power Quality Measurements and Testing program, focused on developing a system compatibility test protocol and conducting power quality performance testing for motor voltage controllers operating in a voltage sag environment.
Hybrid energy storage systems based on compressed air and supercapacitors with maximum efficiency point tracking
This paper presents a hybrid energy storage system based on Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), where the charging and discharging is done within maximum efficiency conditions. As the maximum efficiency conditions impose the level of converted power, an intermittent time-modulated operation mode is applied to the thermodynamic converter to obtain a variable converted power. A smoothly variable output power is achieved with the help of a supercapacitive auxiliary storage device used as a filter. The paper describes the concept of the system, the power-electronic interface circuits and especially the Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking (MEPT) algorithm and the strategy used to vary the output power. In addition, the paper will present the characteristics of a high efficiency storage device where the pure pneumatic machine is replaced by an oil-hydraulics and pneumatics converter, used under isothermal conditions. Practical results are also presented, recorded from a low-power pneumatic motor coupled to a small DC generator, as well as from a first prototype of the final hydraulic/pneumatic system.
Sylvain Lemofouet; Alfred Rufer
Klystron "efficiency loop" for the ALS storage ring RF system
EFFICIENCY LOOP� FOR THE ALS STORAGE RING RF SYSTEM* S.at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in order to decrease thethe cavities. 1 INTRODUCTION ALS Storage Ring RF system is
Kwiatkowski, Slawomir; Julian, Jim; Baptiste, Kenneth
Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Research Project | Department of
Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Research Project Highly Energy Efficient Wall Systems Research Project The Department of Energy is currently conducting research into highly energy efficient wall systems. Walls with high R-values are better insulators, and their development can help buildings come closer to having zero net energy consumption. Project Description This project seeks to develop a commercially viable wall system up to R-40 through integration of vacuum technology with the exterior insulated façade system (EIFS). Dow Corning will develop a wall system configuration of expanded polystyrene vacuum isolation panels that can be specified for R-values of 20, 30, and 40. This project also aims to develop a unitized protection system of vacuum isolation panels and to validate current code
Power-efficient time-sensitive mapping in heterogeneous systems
Heterogeneous systems that contain multiple types of resources, such as CPUs and GPUs, are becoming increasingly popular thanks to the potential of achieving high performance and energy efficiency. In such systems, the problem of data mapping and communication ... Keywords: heterogeneous cpu/gpu multiprocessors, multi-core architectures, power-efficient scheduling
Cong Liu; Jian Li; Wei Huang; Juan Rubio; Evan Speight; Xiaozhu Lin
Energy-efficient lighting system for television
A light control system for a television camera comprises an artificial light control system which is cooperative with an iris control system. This artificial light control system adjusts the power to lamps illuminating the camera viewing area to provide only sufficient artificial illumination necessary to provide a sufficient video signal when the camera iris is substantially open.
Cawthorne, Duane C. (Amarillo, TX)
Improving Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air System Based on System Audit
plan, formulate energy efficiency goals and adopt energyGO-102004-1926 [3] Energy Efficiency and Market Potential ofImproving Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air System Based
Shanghai, Hongbo Qin; McKane, Aimee
Motor Energy Saving Opportunities in an Industrial Plant
Industrial plants have enormous energy saving opportunities with electric motors. Improving motor efficiency is a conventional wisdom to save energy. Re-engineering affords far greater savings opportunities than motor efficiency improvement. Motor energy saving techniques and basics are discussed. A case study is presented where 63% motor energy savings were realized.
Kumar, B.; Elwell, A.
Toward green systems for cleanrooms: Energy efficient fan-filter units
filter unit (FFU), energy efficiency, green system, electricToward Green Systems for Cleanrooms: Energy Efficient Fan-energy efficient models; Market transformation toward �green�
Jeng, Ming-Shan; Xu, Tengfang; Lan, Chao-Ho
Communication architecture based power management for battery efficient system design
Communication-based power management (CBPM) is a new battery-driven system-level power management methodology in which the system-level communication architecture regulates the execution of various system components, with the aim of improving battery ... Keywords: battery efficiency, communication architectures, embedded systems, low power design, power management
Kanishka Lahiri; Sujit Dey; Anand Raghunathan
Scalable and Energy Efficient Computer Systems - Energy ...
Technology Marketing Summary Computer engineers have developed a new design to support construction of large computer systems that perform closer to ...
greenhouses, passive solar heating and other non-viewingpassive and active solar heating systems. the fact remainsthe expense of winter solar heating), Life Cycle Costing We
Authors, Various
Implementation and Rejection of Industrial Steam System Energy Efficiency
Implementation and Rejection of Industrial Steam System Energy Efficiency Implementation and Rejection of Industrial Steam System Energy Efficiency Measures Title Implementation and Rejection of Industrial Steam System Energy Efficiency Measures Publication Type Journal Article Refereed Designation Unknown LBNL Report Number LBNL-6288E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Therkelsen, Peter L., and Aimee T. McKane Journal Energy Policy Volume 57 Start Page 318 Date Published 06/2013 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Keywords industrial energy efficiency, industrial energy efficiency barriers, steam system efficiency Abstract Steam systems consume approximately one third of energy applied at U.S. industrial facilities. To reduce energy consumption, steam system energy assessments have been conducted on a wide range of industry types over the course of five years through the Energy Savings Assessment (ESA) program administered by the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). ESA energy assessments result in energy efficiency measure recommendations that are given potential energy and energy cost savings and potential implementation cost values. Saving and cost metrics that measure the impact recommended measures will have at facilities, described as percentages of facility baseline energy and energy cost, are developed from ESA data and used in analyses. Developed savings and cost metrics are examined along with implementation and rejection rates of recommended steam system energy efficiency measures. Based on analyses, implementation of steam system energy efficiency measures is driven primarily by cost metrics: payback period and measure implementation cost as a percentage of facility baseline energy cost (implementation cost percentage). Stated reasons for rejecting recommended measures are primarily based upon economic concerns. Additionally, implementation rates of measures are not only functions of savings and cost metrics, but time as well.
PC Based wireless stepper motor control.
??This project is about making an embedded system in order to control different functionalities of a stepper motor. The main functions of this stepper motor� (more)
Jamal, Omar; Khan, Shahnawaz
Turn Motors Off When Not in Use
This is one in a series of tip sheets to help manufacturers optimize their industrial motor and motor-driven systems.
Magnetically Coupled Adjustable Speed Motor Drives
A light control system for a television camera which adjusts the power to lamps illuminating the camera viewing area to provide only sufficient artificial illumination necessary to keep the camera iris substantially open is described.
Cawthorne, D.C.
Efficient design methods for embedded communication systems
Nowadays, design of embedded systems is confronted with complex signal processing algorithms and a multitude of computational intensive multimedia applications, while time to product launch has been extremely reduced. Especially in the wireless domain, ...
M. Holzer; B. Knerr; P. Belanovi?; M. Rupp
Energy-efficient deadline scheduling for heterogeneous systems
Energy efficiency is a major concern in modern high performance computing (HPC) systems and a power-aware scheduling approach is a promising way to achieve that. While there are a number of studies in power-aware scheduling by means of dynamic power ... Keywords: Deadline scheduling, Energy efficiency, High performance computing, Pricing scheme
Yan Ma; Bin Gong; Ryo Sugihara; Rajesh Gupta
HVAC & Building Management Control System Energy Efficiency Replacements
The project objective was the replacement of an aging, un-repairable HVAC system which has grown inefficient and a huge energy consumer with low energy and efficient HVAC units, and installation of energy efficient building control technologies at City's YMCA Community Center.
Hernandez, Adriana
Assessment of Electric Motor Technology: Present Status, Future Trends, and R&D Needs
In the past few years, the market demand has increased dramatically for advanced motor/electronic systems that are more efficient, more rugged, and result in products that more closely meet manufacturing and quality tolerances. This study reviews the operating principles and characteristics of existing electric motors as well as advanced motors and drives; and it details their use in six major user sectors: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, utility, and military.
Patterning of the Ciona intestinalis Motor Ganglion
Pitx2 as markers for fast motor neurons and partition cells.for the specification of motor neuron identity. Cell Gans,Tsuda, M. (2010). Simple motor system of the ascidian larva:
Stolfi, Alberto Sunao
Metering Air Compressor Systems for Efficiency: A Progress Report
Air compressors have energy efficiency quantified as SCFM/BHP. However, this efficiency fluctuates over a broad range based on the loading of the compressor. When multiple compressors operate with varying loads, as in a central plant, the overall system efficiency is totally unknown. With funding from California Energy Commission under the PIER Program, we spent considerable effort over the past few years to develop system efficiency for air compressor central plants. The system efficiency was termed CASE Index, which varies from 0 to about 320, and has the units of SCF/KWH. The procedure we developed, involved metering of input (KWH) and output (SCFM), in and out of the central plant. After the initial beta testing of the procedure, as more and more compressor professionals started to use the procedure and as more metering equipments entered the picture, some metering complications were encountered. These problems were dealt with and the procedure developed under this project can produce reliable data. This paper also presents the system efficiencies we have recorded so far and the opportunities they indicate. The data shows a wide range, from a low 82 to about 250 on a 0 to 320 scale. This confirms our expectations of large energy efficiency improvement potential in compressed air systems.
Joseph, B.
Measuring the leanness of manufacturing systems-A case study of Ford Motor Company and General Motors
In spite of the vast research published on lean manufacturing systems in several disciplines in the last decade, the concept remains underdeveloped for two reasons. First, it lacks a generally accepted definition. Different authors define lean in terms ... Keywords: Benchmarking, Fuzzy-logic leanness, L62, Lean, Leanness, M41, Systematic measures
M. E. Bayou; A. de Korvin
Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air Systems
Energy use in compressed air systems accounts for typically 10% of the total industrial electricity consumption. It also accounts for close to 99% of the CO2 footprint of an air compressor and approximately 80% of the life cycle costs of a compressor, over its lifetime. Considering these facts, it is sometimes surprising to see the lack of attention to compressed air systems in industry. This paper attempts to create awareness as to how a great deal of energy can be saved through a conscious process of selection and use of compressed air systems, bringing substantial benefits in economics and the environment. It also attempts to highlight the relative importance of energy savings over the costs of investments made in energy saving features and processes.
Hingorani, A.; Pavlov, A.
Precipitation Efficiency of Warm-Season Midwestern Mesoscale Convective Systems
The precipitation efficiencies for mesoscale convective systems (MCS) over the central United States are calculated. During July�September 2000 and June�September 2001, 24 MCS for which sufficient data were available occurred over or near ...
Patrick Market; Stacy Allen; Roderick Scofield; Robert Kuligowski; Arnold Gruber
Design and global optimization of high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic systems
Despite their great promise, small experimental thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems at 1000 K generally exhibit extremely low power conversion efficiencies (approximately 1%), due to heat losses such as thermal emission of ...
Bermel, Peter A.
Secure and Efficient Routable Control Systems
This document provides the methods to secure routable control system communication in the electric sector. The approach of this document yields a long-term vision for a future of secure communication, while also providing near term steps and a roadmap. The requirements for the future secure control system environment were spelled out to provide a final target. Additionally a survey and evaluation of current protocols was used to determine if any existing technology could achieve this goal. In the end a four-step path was described that brought about increasing requirement completion and culminates in the realization of the long term vision.
Edgar, Thomas W.; Hadley, Mark D.; Manz, David O.; Winn, Jennifer D.
. This model as- sumes that the decision to transition to low power state can be made in only one state model assumes that a decision to transition into a lower-power state can be made upon each event, the whole system, or some of its components can be transitioned into low-power states using dynamic power
Simunic, Tajana
Energy Efficiency of Distributed Environmental Control Systems
In this report, we present an analytical evaluation of the potential of occupant-regulated distributed environmental control systems (DECS) to enhance individual occupant thermal comfort in an office building with no increase, and possibly even a decrease in annual energy consumption. To this end we developed and applied several analytical models that allowed us to optimize comfort and energy consumption in partitioned office buildings equipped with either conventional central HVAC systems or occupant-regulated DECS. Our approach involved the following interrelated components: 1. Development of a simplified lumped-parameter thermal circuit model to compute the annual energy consumption. This was necessitated by the need to perform tens of thousands of optimization calculations involving different US climatic regions, and different occupant thermal preferences of a population of ~50 office occupants. Yearly transient simulations using TRNSYS, a time-dependent building energy modeling program, were run to determine the robustness of the simplified approach against time-dependent simulations. The simplified model predicts yearly energy consumption within approximately 0.6% of an equivalent transient simulation. Simulations of building energy usage were run for a wide variety of climatic regions and control scenarios, including traditional �one-size-fits-all� (OSFA) control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected �have-it-your-way� (HIYW) control with a thermostat at each workstation. The thermal model shows that, un-optimized, DECS would lead to an increase in building energy consumption between 3-16% compared to the conventional approach depending on the climate regional and personal preferences of building occupants. Variations in building shape had little impact in the relative energy usage. 2. Development of a gradient-based optimization method to minimize energy consumption of DECS while keeping each occupant�s thermal dissatisfaction below a given threshold. The DECS energy usage was calculated using the simplified thermal model. OSFA control; providing a uniform temperature to the entire building, and occupant-selected HIYW control with a thermostat at each workstation were implemented for 3 cities representing 3 different climatic regions and control scenarios. It is shown that optimization allows DECS to deliver a higher level of individual and population thermal comfort while achieving annual energy savings between 14 and 26% compared to OSFA. The optimization model also allowed us to study the influence of the partitions� thermal resistance and the variability of internal loads at each office. These influences didn�t make significant changes in the optimized energy consumption relative to OSFA. The results show that it is possible to provide thermal comfort for each occupant while saving energy compared to OSFA Furthermore, to simplify the implementation of this approach, a fuzzy logic system has been developed to generalize the overall optimization strategy. Its performance was almost as good as the gradient system. The fuzzy system provided thermal comfort to each occupant and saved energy compared to OSFA. The energy savings of the fuzzy system were not as high as for the gradient-optimized system, but the fuzzy system avoided complete connectivity, and the optimization did not have to be repeated for each population. 3. We employed a detailed CFD model of adjacent occupied cubicles to extend the thermal-circuit model in three significant ways: (a) relax the �office wall� requirement by allowing energy to flow between zones via advection as well as conduction, (b) improve the comfort model to account both for radiation as well as convection heat transfer, and (c) support ventilation systems in which the temperature is stratified, such as in underfloor air distribution systems. Initially, three-dimensional CFD simulations of several cubicle configurations, with an adjoining corridor, were performed both to understand the advection between cubicles and the
Khalifa, H. Ezzat; Isik, Can; Dannenhoffer, John F. III
comparison of VAV and VRF air conditioning systems in anThe variable refrigerant flow (VRF) and ground source heatthe energy efficiency of VRF systems compared with GSHP
Electric Motors and Power Quality Disturbances
Electric motors and motor-driven systems form the backbone of the industrial sector, but these systems are susceptible to several power quality-related problems. Unbalanced voltages; voltage sags, swells, and interruptions; and overvoltages or undervoltages can cause havoc with motors, including premature motor failure from increased heating, motor inefficiency, poor power factor, and decreased starting and fullload torques. Because motor failures often result in loss of revenue, industries need to take ...
AGNI Motors | Open Energy Information
Place India Zip 370 230 Sector Vehicles Product UK-based manufacturer of DC Motors and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles References AGNI Motors1 LinkedIn...
The building industry faces the challenge of reducing energy use while simultaneously improving construction methods and marketability. This paper describes the first phase of a project to address these concerns by designing an Integrated Window Wall System (IWWS) that can be commercialized. This work builds on previous research conducted during the 1990's by Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratories (LBNL). During this phase, the objective was to identify appropriate technologies, problems and issues and develop a number of design concepts. Four design concepts were developed into prototypes and preliminary energy analyses were conducted Three of these concepts (the foam wall, steel wall, and stiffened plate designs) showed particular potential for meeting the project objectives and will be continued into a second phase where one or two of the systems will be brought closer to commercialization.
Michael Arney, Ph.D.
Efficient Power Profiling for Battery-Driven Embedded System Design
The ability to efficiently and accurately estimate battery life under different design choices at the system level is an important aid in designing battery-efficient systems. Recently developed battery models help by estimating battery life under given profiles of the battery discharge current over time. However, existing techniques for energy (or average power) estimation do not provide sufficient information (such as time profiles of system power consumption) to drive battery-life estimation. Techniques that are capable of generating such profiles often lack the efficiency required to support exploration at the system level. In this paper, we describe techniques for efficient generation of system-level power profiles, for use in a battery-life estimation framework. Our power profiling technique allows a designer to experiment with: 1) the mapping of system tasks to a set of architectural components and 2) the mapping of system communications to a specified communication architecture, and efficiently generate system power profiles for each alternative. The resulting profiles can then be analyzed using existing battery models to estimate battery lifetime and capacity. Extensive experiments conducted on an IEEE 802.11 MAC processor design demonstrate that our power profiler offers orders of magnitude improvement in runtimes over state-of-the-art cosimulation-based power estimation techniques, while suffering minimal loss of accuracy (average profiling error was 3.8%).
Kanishka Lahiri; Anand Raghunathan; Senior Member; Sujit Dey
Motor representations and practice affect brain systems underlying imagery: an fMRI study of internal imagery in novices and active high jumpers. Open Neuroimaging
Abstract: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate differences in brain activity between one group of active high jumpers and one group of high jumping novices (controls) when performing motor imagery of a high jump. It was also investigated how internal imagery training affects neural activity. The results showed that active high jumpers primarily activated motor areas, e.g. pre-motor cortex and cerebellum. Novices activated visual areas, e.g. superior occipital cortex. Imagery training resulted in a reduction of activity in parietal cortex. These results indicate that in order to use an internal perspective during motor imagery of a complex skill, one must have well established motor representations of the skill which then translates into a motor/internal pattern of brain activity. If not, an external perspective will be used and the corresponding brain activation will be a visual/external pattern. Moreover, the findings imply that imagery training reduces the activity in parietal cortex suggesting that imagery is performed more automatic and results in a more efficient motor representation more easily accessed during motor performance.
C. -j. Olsson; Bert Jonsson; Anne Larsson; Lars Nyberg
Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+
MotorMaster+ to MotorMaster+ to someone by E-mail Share Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on Facebook Tweet about Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on Twitter Bookmark Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on Google Bookmark Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on Delicious Rank Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on Digg Find More places to share Advanced Manufacturing Office: MotorMaster+ on AddThis.com... MotorMaster+ This photo shows the inner workings of an industrial electric motor with gears. In the lower left hand corner are the words "MotorMaster+" and underneath are the words "Motor-Driven Systems." Download MotorMaster+ now! Version: 4.01.01 Release Date: September 21, 2010 Release Notes Metric Unit Measurements: No
Energy efficiency in wireless communication systems
Wireless communication systems and methods utilize one or more remote terminals, one or more base terminals, and a communication channel between the remote terminal(s) and base terminal(s). The remote terminal applies a direct sequence spreading code to a data signal at a spreading factor to provide a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal. The DSSS signal is transmitted over the communication channel to the base terminal which can be configured to despread the received DSSS signal by a spreading factor matching the spreading factor utilized to spread the data signal. The remote terminal and base terminal can dynamically vary the matching spreading factors to adjust the data rate based on an estimation of operating quality over time between the remote terminal and base terminal such that the amount of data being transmitted is substantially maximized while providing a specified quality of service.
Caffrey, Michael Paul; Palmer, Joseph McRae
Report on Toyota Prius Motor Thermal Management
In the current hybrid vehicle market, the Toyota Prius drive system is considered the leader in electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing innovations. It is a significant accomplishment that Toyota is able to manufacture and sell the vehicle for a profit. The Toyota Prius traction motor design approach for reducing manufacturing costs and the motor s torque capability have been studied and tested. The findings were presented in two previous Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reports. The conclusions from this report reveal, through temperature rise tests, that the 2004 Toyota Prius (THSII) motor is applicable only for use in a hybrid automobile. It would be significantly undersized if used in a fuel cell vehicle application. The power rating of the Prius motor is limited by the permissible temperature rise of the motor winding (170 C) and the motor cooling oil (158 C). The continuous ratings at base speed (1200 rpm) with different coolant temperatures are projected from test data at 900 rpm. They are approximately 15 kW with 105 C coolant and 21 kW with 35 C coolant. These continuous ratings are much lower than the 30 kW specified as a technical motor target of the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR Program. All tests were conducted at about 24 C ambient temperature. The load angle of each torque adjustment was monitored to prevent a sudden stop of the motor if the peak torque were exceeded, as indicated by the load angle in the region greater than 90 electrical degrees. For peak power with 400 Nm torque at 1200 rpm, the permissible running time depends upon the initial winding temperature condition. The projected rate of winding temperature rise is approximately 2.1 C/sec. The cooling-oil temperature does not change much during short peak power operation. For light and medium load situations, the efficiency varies from 80% to above 90%, and the power factor varies from 70% to above 90%, depending on the load and speed. When the motor is loaded heavily near the peak-torque (400-Nm) region, the efficiency goes down to the 40-50% range, and the power factor is nearly 100%. The efficiency is not a major concern at the high-torque region. The water-ethylene-glycol heat exchanger attached to the motor is small. During continuous operation, it dissipates about 76% of the total motor heat loss with 35 C coolant. The heat exchanger is less effective when the coolant temperature increases. With 75 C coolant, the heat exchanger dissipates about 38% of the motor heat. When the coolant temperature is 105 C, the heat exchanger not only stops cooling the motor but also adds heat to the large motor housing that acts as an air-cooled heat sink. From start to the base speed, 400 Nms of torque can be produced by the Prius motor with a reasonably low stator current. However, the permissible running time of the motor depends on the load drawn from the motor and the coolant temperature. In the Toyota Prius hybrid configuration, if the motor gets too hot and cannot keep running, the load can be shifted back to the engine. The motor acts to improve the system efficiency without being overly designed. A detailed thermal model was developed to help predict the temperature levels in key motor components. The model was calibrated and compared with the experimentally measured temperatures. Very good agreement was obtained between model and experiment. This model can now be used to predict the temperature of key motor components at a variety of operating conditions and to evaluate the thermal characteristics of new motor designs. It should be pointed out that a fuel-cell motor does not have an engine to fall back on to provide the needed wheel power. Therefore, the design philosophy of a fuel-cell motor is very different from that of a hybrid Prius motor. Further thermal management studies in the high-speed region of the Prius motor, fed by its inverter, are planned.
Hsu, J.S.
Multimodal dynamics : self-supervised learning in perceptual and motor systems
This thesis presents a self-supervised framework for perceptual and motor learning based upon correlations in different sensory modalities. The brain and cognitive sciences have gathered an enormous body of neurological ...
Coen, Michael Harlan
The optimization of General Motors' warranty system by reducing mean time to discover failure
Warranty is an important part of many organizations. Warranty costs take money directly away from corporations' bottom line. General Motors Corporations warranty liability costs its shareholders upwards of billion dollars ...
Ellington, Jelani H. (Jelani Hester)
CIBO's Energy Efficiency Handbook for Steam Power Systems
The Council of Industrial Boiler Owners (CIBO) has developed a handbook to help boiler operators get the best performance from their industrial steam systems. This energy efficiency handbook takes a comprehensive look at the boiler and steam system and addresses opportunities to improve performance every step of the way, including boiler maintenance, optimization, benchmarking, water treatment, and energy efficiency services. The handbook will include a checklist of items that operators should look for to improve their steam system's performance. This IETC paper will introduce the new CIBO handbook and describe its contents. The paper will also explain how the handbook is intended to be used.
Bessette, R. D.
Efficient simulation of hybrid systems: A hybrid bond graph approach
Accurate and efficient simulations facilitate cost-effective design and analysis of large, complex, embedded systems, whose behaviors are typically hybrid, i.e. continuous behaviors interspersed with discrete mode changes. In this paper we present an ... Keywords: component-oriented modeling, dynamic causal assignment, hybrid bond graphs, modeling and simulation environments, simulation of hybrid systems
Indranil Roychoudhury; Matthew J Daigle; Gautam Biswas; Xenofon Koutsoukos
Results of a field test of heating system efficiency and thermal distribution system efficiency in a manufactured home
A two-day test using electric coheating was performed on a manufactured home in Watertown, New York. The main objective of the test was to evaluate planned procedures for measuring thermal distribution system efficiency. (Thermal distribution systems are the ductwork or piping used to transport heat or cooling effect from the equipment that produces it to the building spaces in which it is used.) These procedures are under consideration for a standard method of test now being prepared by a special committee of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. The ability of a coheating test to give a credible and repeatable value for the overall heating system efficiency was supported by the test data. Distribution efficiency is derived from system efficiency by correcting for energy losses from the equipment. Alternative means for achieving this were tested and assessed. The best value for system efficiency in the Watertown house was 0.53, while the best value for distribution efficiency was 0.72.
Andrews, J.W.; Krajewski, R.F.; Strasser, J.J. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Kinney, L.; Lewis, G. [Synertech Systems Corp., Syracuse, NY (United States)
A Novel Approach to Determining Motor Load
Properly sized electric motors are essential if industrial plant efficiency is to be optimized and energy costs minimized. Because of the difficulty in making power measurements on three phase motors, loading is rarely, if ever, checked. A simple indication of motor load can be achieved by measuring operating speed because speed and load are almost linearly related. The decrease in motor speed from no load conditions, referred to as slip, can be determined with a non-contact, optical tachometer. Field measurements of motor slip were conducted at a textile plant to quantify motor load conditions. To verify the relationship between operating speed and load, measurements of motor power consumption on a representative number of motors were also conducted. The results of the motor survey, including number of motors, size, and load, are summarized in this paper along with an estimate of the savings from replacing oversized motors.
Brown, M.
3M's Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration Project
In January 1994, 3M began the task of optimizing the electric motor systems at 3M Center, a 26 building, 7 million square foot corporate campus. A cross-functional, cross-company team was established which included four 3M employees representing two different departments within 3M, an engineer specializing in demand side management programs from Northern States Power Company, and a sales engineer from General Electric Supply Company. The team was later joined by an engineering specialist from Landis & Staefa, Inc., a building automation controls supplier. The team began the task of identifying the projects that could save energy and provide a reasonable return on 3M's investment on a building by building approach. As surveys were completed, proposals were prepared and presented to management requesting funding. The team continued the process of identifying projects in remaining buildings and took on the responsibility of designing, contracting and implementing projects as funding was approved for those already studied. Follow-up measurements to ascertain that the savings predicted was actually achieved are done before project close-out. This project was submitted and accepted as a Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration Project. The Motor Challenge is a U.S. Department of Energy initiative to promote the efficient use of energy in electric motor systems. Showcase Demonstration Projects are used to exemplify the benefits that motor system optimization can provide. This Showcase Project is different from most as it emphasizes the process that was developed to carry out a project of this magnitude rather than any single specific technologies or applications. The team has completed the project at 3M Center. Measured savings are $823,000 per year. This paper will discuss the Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration project that was completed at 3M Center, the motor systems survey methodology the team developed, analysis tools and techniques and the results that have been attained.
Schultz, S. C.
In January 1994, 3M began the task of optimizing the electric motor systems at 3M Center, a 26 building, 7 million square foot corporate campus. A cross-functional, cross-company team was established which included four 3M employees representing two different departments within 3M, an engineer specializing in demand side management programs from Northern States Power Company, and a sales engineer from General Electric Supply Company. The team was later joined by an engineering specialist from Landis & Gyr, Inc., a building automation controls supplier. The team began the task of identifying the projects that could save energy and provide a reasonable return on 3M's investment on a building by building approach. As surveys were completed, proposals were prepared and presented to management requesting funding. The team continued the process of identifying projects in remaining buildings and took on the responsibility of designing, contracting and implementing projects as funding was approved for those already studied. Follow-up measurements to ascertain that the savings predicted was actually achieved are done before project close-out. This project was submitted and has been accepted as a Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration Project. The Motor Challenge is a U. S. Department of Energy initiative to promote the efficient use of energy in electric motor systems. Showcase Demonstration Projects are used to exemplify the benefits that motor system optimization can provide. This Showcase Project is different from most as it emphasizes the process that was developed to carry out a project of this magnitude rather than any single specific technologies or applications. The team has nearly completed the studies at 3M Center and is well into the implementation phase with six buildings being complete. Savings identified to date are approximately $810,000 per year. This paper will discuss the Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration project currently underway at 3M Center, the motor systems survey methodology the team developed, analysis tools and techniques and the results that have been attained.
Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact Analyses of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
This paper presents energy and life cycle climate performance (LCCP) analyses of a variety of supermarket refrigeration systems to identify designs that exhibit low environmental impact and high energy efficiency. EnergyPlus was used to model refrigeration systems in a variety of climate zones across the United States. The refrigeration systems that were modeled include the traditional multiplex DX system, cascade systems with secondary loops and the transcritical CO2 system. Furthermore, a variety of refrigerants were investigated, including R-32, R-134a, R-404A, R-1234yf, R-717, and R-744. LCCP analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the operation of the various refrigeration systems over their lifetimes. Our analysis revealed that high-efficiency supermarket refrigeration systems may result in up to 44% less energy consumption and 78% reduced carbon dioxide emissions compared to the baseline multiplex DX system. This is an encouraging result for legislators, policy makers and supermarket owners to select low emission, high-efficiency commercial refrigeration system designs for future retrofit and new projects.
Fricke, Brian A [ORNL; Bansal, Pradeep [ORNL; Zha, Shitong [Hillphoenix
A High Efficiency PSOFC/ATS-Gas Turbine Power System
A study is described in which the conceptual design of a hybrid power system integrating a pressurized Siemens Westinghouse solid oxide fuel cell generator and the Mercury{trademark} 50 gas turbine was developed. The Mercury{trademark} 50 was designed by Solar Turbines as part of the US. Department of Energy Advanced Turbine Systems program. The focus of the study was to develop the hybrid power system concept that principally would exhibit an attractively-low cost of electricity (COE). The inherently-high efficiency of the hybrid cycle contributes directly to achieving this objective, and by employing the efficient, power-intensive Mercury{trademark} 50, with its relatively-low installed cost, the higher-cost SOFC generator can be optimally sized such that the minimum-COE objective is achieved. The system cycle is described, major system components are specified, the system installed cost and COE are estimated, and the physical arrangement of the major system components is discussed. Estimates of system power output, efficiency, and emissions at the system design point are also presented. In addition, two bottoming cycle options are described, and estimates of their effects on overall-system performance, cost, and COE are provided.
W.L. Lundberg; G.A. Israelson; M.D. Moeckel; S.E. Veyo; R.A. Holmes; P.R. Zafred; J.E. King; R.E. Kothmann
The LatestThe LatestThe LatestThe Latest,,,, Quick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor Evaluation Myway Plus Development of Specialized Equipment
The LatestThe LatestThe LatestThe Latest,,,, Quick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor EvaluationQuick Motor Evaluation Myway Plus Development of Specialized Equipment Myway Plus developed a quick test/evaluation equipment for highly efficient hybrid car (HV) motor. The equipment
Kambhampati, Patanjali
Identifying Efficiency Degrading Faults in Split Air Conditioning Systems
Studies estimate that as much as 50% of packaged air conditioning systems operate in faulty conditions that degrade system efficiency. Common faults include: under- and over-charged systems (too much or too little refrigerant), faulty expansions valves (stuck valves, valve hunting, poorly tuned valve controllers), and fouled evaporators and condensers. Furthermore, air conditioning systems can often be adjusted to improve efficiency while continuing to meet cooling loads (adjusting system pressures, decreasing superheat setpoints). This study presents the design of a low cost device that can non-invasively measure system operating conditions, diagnose faults, estimate potential energy savings, and provide recommendations on how the system should be adjusted or repaired. Using eight external temperature measurements, the device potentially can detect and diagnose up to ten faults commonly found in HVAC systems. Steady state temperatures are compared to threshold values obtained from literature and HVAC manufacturers to detect and determine the severity of faults and subsequent reductions in coefficient of performance. Preliminary tests reveal the potential for the device to detect and diagnose common efficiency-degrading faults in HVAC systems.
Terrill, T. J.; Brown, M. L.; Cheyne, R. W. Jr.; Cousins, A. J.; Daniels, B. P.; Erb, K. L.; Garcia, P. A.; Leutermann, M. J.; Nel, A. J.; Robert, C. L.; Widger, S. B.; Williams, A. G.; Rasmussen, B. P.
Toward Green Systems for Cleanrooms: Energy Efficient Fan-FFU), energy efficiency, green system, electric power use,are challenges and benefits in green designs that integrate
Boiler System Efficiency Improves with Effective Water Treatment
Water treatment is an important aspect of boiler operation which can affect efficiency or result in damage if neglected. Without effective water treatment, scale can form on boiler tubes, reducing heat transfer, and causing a loss of boiler efficiency and availability. Proper control of boiler blowdown is also important to assure clean boiler surfaces without wasting water, heat, and chemicals. Recovering hot condensate for reuse as boiler feedwater is another means of improving system efficiency. Condensate which is contaminated with corrosion products or process chemicals, however, is ill fit for reuse; and steam which leaks from piping, valves, traps and connections cannot be recovered. Effective chemical treatment, in conjunction with mechanical system improvements, can assure that condensate can be safely returned and valuable energy recovered.
Bloom, D.
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Guangzhou West Tower Fa�ade System
Guangzhou West Tower is an extremely tall public building. The energy efficiency evaluation of its fa�ade should be different than that of ordinary public buildings. Based on the national code GB50189-2005, �Design Standard for Energy efficiency of Public Buildings�, typical meteorological yearly data for Guangzhou were used and revised according to architectural character of Guangzhou West Tower. The energy efficiency design of a single skin fa�ade and active airflow curtain wall was analyzed by a dynamic energy simulation tool and modified weather data. The payback period of initial investment in the fa�ade system was evaluated based on simulation results. In addition, the results confirm the fa�ade system scheme of Guangzhou West Tower.
Meng, Q.; Zhang, L.
Linear Motor Powered Transportation
This special issue on linear-motor powered transportation covers both supporting technologies and innovative transport systems in various parts of the World, as this technology moves from the lab to commercial operations. ...
Thornton, Richard D.
Maximizing efficiency of solar-powered systems by load matching
Solar power is an important source of renewable energy for many low-power systems. Matching the power consumption level with the supply level can make a great difference in the efficiency of power utilization. This paper proposes a source-tracking power ... Keywords: load matching, photovoltaics, power management, power model, solar energy, solar-aware
Dexin Li; Pai H. Chou
Measure it, See it, Manage it: Using Real Time Data to Benchmark, Optimize, and Sustain System Energy Efficiency
Compressed Air System Energy Efficiency Study for Del Monteand Sustain System Energy Efficiency Thomas Taranto, Dataindustrial system energy efficiency - providing plant
Taranto, Thomas; McKane, Aimee; Amon, Ricardo; Maulhardt, Michael
High-efficiency multidetector system for tumor scanning
A high-efficiency detector system developed especially for medical imaging has three specially cut Ge(Li) coaxial detectors (total volume 249 cm$sup 3$). At 122 keV, the peak efficiency is 93 percent of that of a 7.6 x 7.6 cm NaI (Tl) detector. Degradation of the paralleled energy resolution is avoided and resolution is improved by 35 percent over that of conventional output-summing techniques by gating the detector outputs. In effect this multiplexes them to a single line output. (auth)
Kirby, J.A.; Phelps, P.L.; Armantrout, G.A.; Sawyer, D.; Beck, R.N.
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve indoor
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve indoor Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve indoor environment: How to validate comfort and energy reduction Speaker(s): Wouter Borsboom Date: December 8, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 TNO is a research institute which is active in the energy saving and indoor environment. We like to present our research, our goals and discuss the challenges and the opportunities for cooperation. Therefore we like to give a presentation about the following topic and we are also interested in a presentation of LBL and UC Berkeley. An important topic in the building industry is near zero energy buildings. Most countries in Europe implemented programs to advance this goal in one way or another. In near-zero energy buildings, the interaction between building and systems
Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Motor Development Review
The research of doubly salient permanent magnet motor (DSPM), arises as the emergence of a novel type mechatronic control of AC drive system. Currently, on the international realm, the studies regarding on this kind of motor mainly focus on calculation ... Keywords: Doubly Salient, Permanent Magnet Motor, AC Variable Speed, Magnetic Materials, Switched Reluctance Motor
Lina Yi, Meng Zhao
An Efficient Vein Pattern-based Recognition System
This paper presents an efficient human recognition system based on vein pattern from the palma dorsa. A new absorption based technique has been proposed to collect good quality images with the help of a low cost camera and light source. The system automatically detects the region of interest from the image and does the necessary preprocessing to extract features. A Euclidean Distance based matching technique has been used for making the decision. It has been tested on a data set of 1750 image samples collected from 341 individuals. The accuracy of the verification system is found to be 99.26% with false rejection rate (FRR) of 0.03%.
Soni, Mohit; Rao, M S; Gupta, Phalguni
Energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial equipment: Additional opportunities
Savings in the Residential and Commercial Sectors with High Efficiency Electric Motors. �Savings in the Residential and Commercial Sectors with High Efficiency Electric Motors. �Savings in the Residential and Commercial Sectors with High Efficiency Electric Motors. �
Rosenquist, Greg; McNeil, Michael; Iyer, Maithili; Meyers, Steve; McMahon, Jim
Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control Using Hybrid System LBMPC
Improving the energy-efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems has the potential to realize large economic and societal benefits. This paper concerns the system identification of a hybrid system model of a building-wide HVAC system and its subsequent control using a hybrid system formulation of learning-based model predictive control (LBMPC). Here, the learning refers to model updates to the hybrid system model that incorporate the heating effects due to occupancy, solar effects, outside air temperature (OAT), and equipment, in addition to integrator dynamics inherently present in low-level control. Though we make significant modeling simplifications, our corresponding controller that uses this model is able to experimentally achieve a large reduction in energy usage without any degradations in occupant comfort. It is in this way that we justify the modeling simplifications that we have made. We conclude by presenting results from experiments on our building HVAC testbed, which s...
Aswani, Anil; Taneja, Jay; Krioukov, Andrew; Culler, David; Tomlin, Claire
Coupled simulation of an indirect field oriented controlled induction motor drive.
??Conventionally, system simulations of induction motor drives use lumped parameters model of the motor. This approach assumes motor parameters to be constant during the entire� (more)
Legesse, Michael.
Nonlinear competition between asters and stripes in filament-motor-systems
A model for polar filaments interacting via molecular motor complexes is investigated which exhibits bifurcations to spatial patterns. It is shown that the homogeneous distribution of filaments, such as actin or microtubules, may become either unstable with respect to an orientational instability of a finite wave number or with respect to modulations of the filament density, where long wavelength modes are amplified as well. Above threshold nonlinear interactions select either stripe patterns or periodic asters. The existence and stability ranges of each pattern close to threshold are predicted in terms of a weakly nonlinear perturbation analysis, which is confirmed by numerical simulations of the basic model equations. The two relevant parameters determining the bifurcation scenario of the model can be related to the concentrations of the active molecular motors and of the filaments respectively, which both could be easily regulated by the cell.
Falko Ziebert; Walter Zimmermann
Conducting a Motor Survey: Key Step for Establishing a Motor Management Policy
Roughly 70% of the energy consumed by manufacturing processes is used by electric motors. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, greater attention to motor systems management can reduce motor-related energy costs by 18%. Establishing a motor management policy is therefore an essential task for any plant manager or engineer concerned with minimizing motor (and process) downtime and reducing energy costs. In order to develop an effective motor policy, a manager needs information on the number and condition of motors in use. A targeted motor survey will collect data on a representative sample of a plant's motor population. This survey information will then provide a basis for further development of the motor policy. This paper discusses the process of conducting a motor survey. It identifies the type of information to be collected, along with a methodology for selecting appropriate sample motors for more detailed investigations.
Miller, R. B.
Dresser-Rand completed the preliminary aerodynamic flowpath of the volute and inlet design for the compressor section. This has resulted in considerable progress being made on the development of the compressor section and ultimately towards the successful integration of the IEMDC System design. Significant effort was put forth in the design of aerodynamic components which resulted in a design that meets the limits of aerodynamically induced radial forces previously established. Substantial effort has begun on the mechanical design of the compressor pressure containing case and other internal components. These efforts show progression towards the successful integration of a centrifugal compressor and variable speed electric motor ventilated by the process gas. All efforts continue to confirm the feasibility of the IEMDC system design. During the third quarter reporting period, the focus was to further refine the motor design and to ensure that the IEMDC rotor system supported on magnetic bearing is in compliance with the critical speed and vibration requirements of the API standards 617 and 541. Consequently specification to design magnetic bearings was developed and an RFQ to three magnetic bearing suppliers was issued. Considerable work was also performed to complete preliminary reports on some of the deliverable tasks under phase 1.0. These include specification for the VFD, RFQ for the magnetic bearings, and preliminary write-up for motor instrumentation and control schematic. In order to estimate motor efficiency at various operating points, plots of calculated motor losses, and motor cooling gas flow rates were also prepared. Preliminary evaluations of motor support concepts were performed via FEA to determine modal frequencies. Presentation was made at DOE Morgantown on August 12, 2003 to provide project status update. Preparations for the IEMDC motor-compressor presentation, at the GMRC conference in Salt Lake City to be held on October 5, 2003, were also started. Detailed calculations of cooling gas flow requirements for the motor and magnetic bearings, per several new operating points designated by DR, confirmed that the required gas flow was within the compressor design guidelines. Previous thrust load calculations had confirmed that the magnetic thrust bearing design load capacity of 6,000 lb. was sufficient to handle the net thrust load produced by the motor and compressor pressure loading. Thus the design data that has been generated, for the variable speed 10 MW 12,000 rpm motor, during the last three quarters, continue to confirm the feasibility of an efficient and robust motor design.
Michael J. Crowley; Prem N. Bansal; John E. Tessaro
SUPER HIGH-SPEED MINIATURIZED PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR by LIPING ZHENG B.S. Shanghai with the design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) to operate at super-high speed with high efficiency the motor to have an efficiency reaching above 92%. This achieved efficiency indicated a significant
Cost effective solar hot water system for Econo-Travel Motor Hotel located at Bluefield, West Virginia. Final report
The final report of a cost effective solar hot water heating system installed on the Econo-Travel Motor Hotel at 3400 Cumberland Road, Bluefield, West Virginia. The description of the system along with the final breakdown performance data and payback time are given. The payback time for the installed system will be approximately five (5) years instead of the 7.73 years estimated for the proposal. The additional savings is due to the reduction in the peak demand charge since the electric hot water heaters are not required to operate at the same time each morning as the dryers used for the laundry. The success of the system will be determined by the reduction in the utility cost and reduced use of our fossil fuels. The results shown in the hotel's monthly electricity bills indicate that this goal has been accomplished.
Cost effective solar hot water system for Econo-Travel Motor Hotel located at Richmond, Virginia. Final report
The final report is presented of a cost effective solar hot water heating system installed on the Econo-Travel Motor Hotel at 5408 Williamsburg Road, Richmond, Virginia. The description of the system is given along with the final cost breakdown, expected performance data and expected payback time for the installed system is estimated to be approximately five (5) years instead of the 6.65 years estimated for the proposal. The additional savings is due to the reduction in the peak demand charge since the electric hot water heaters are not required to operate at the same time each morning as the dryers used for the laundry. The success of the system will be determined by the reduction in the utility cost and reduced use of our fossil fuels. The results shown in the hotel's monthly electricity bills indicate that this goal has been accomplished.
Cost effective solar hot water system for Econo-Travel Motor Hotel located at Woodbrdge, VA. Final report
The final report of a cost effective solar hot water heating system installed on the Econo-Travel Motor Hotel at 13317 Gordon Boulevard, Woodbridge, Virginia is given. The description of the system along with the final breakdown, performance data and payback time are given. The payback time for the installed system will be approximately four (4) years instead of the 7.2 years estimated for the proposal. The additional savings is due to the reduction in the peak demand charge since the electric hot water heaters are not required to operate at the same time each morning as the dryers used for the laundry. As called for in the proposal to DOE, the success of the system will be determined by the reduction in the utility cost and reduced use of our fossil fuels. The results shown in the hotel's monthly electricity bills indicate that this goal has been accomplished.
Financing; A Cost Effective Alternative When Upgrading Energy Efficient Systems
In the 1990's, many organizations are attempting to do more, faster, with less cost and improved quality. In many cases, this involves improving the efficiency of their systems. Increased competition is creating pressure to continuously improve in order to effectively compete in the marketplace. One obvious method of reducing costs and improving productivity is to upgrade old, antiquated equipment such as lighting to more modern energy efficient systems. Most projects provide a return on investment to the owner in several years, through energy and demand savings, Power Utility rebates, maintenance savings and increased productivity, however, the initial capital expense required is cost prohibitive. Budget constraints, a lengthy and complicated approval process and large up-front capital requirements are only a few "road blocks" to improvement. In order to make an equipment acquisition, every company must consider how they will pay for it! How do companies acquire the equipment they need to be more competitive? One cost effective solution -FINANCING! There are numerous benefits to both the end user customer (Lessee) and the installing contractor from utilizing financing to upgrade or retrofit to energy efficient systems. It is possible to provide design, material, installation, maintenance and soft costs as well as positive cash flow to the end user by structuring financing terms and payments around the energy savings. A wide array of programs and services are offered by many different financial organizations.
Ertle, J. M.
Industrial Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation
electric motors and insulation) show energy savings of 20�a third of the savings potential of electric motor systems (
Worrell, Ernst
Efficient Bulk Data Replication for the Earth System Grid
The Earth System Grid (ESG) community faces the difficult challenge of managing the distribution of massive data sets to thousands of scientists around the world. To move data replicas efficiently, the ESG has developed a data transfer management tool called the Bulk Data Mover (BDM). We describe the performance results of the current system and plans towards extending the techniques developed so far for the up- coming project, in which the ESG will employ advanced networks to move multi-TB datasets with the ulti- mate goal of helping researchers understand climate change and its potential impacts on world ecology and society.
Sim, Alex; Gunter, Dan; Natarajan, Vijaya; Shoshani, Arie; Williams, Dean; Long, Jeff; Hick, Jason; Lee, Jason; Dart, Eli
Integration of High Efficiency Solar Cells on Carriers for Concentrating System Applications .
??High efficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells were packaged onto receiver systems. The efficiency change of concentrator cells under continuous high intensity illumination was done. Also,� (more)
Chow, Simon Ka Ming
Fuel Cell/Turbine Ultra High Efficiency Power System
FuelCell Energy, INC. (FCE) is currently involved in the design of ultra high efficiency power plants under a cooperative agreement (DE-FC26-00NT40) managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) as part of the DOE's Vision 21 program. Under this project, FCE is developing a fuel cell/turbine hybrid system that integrates the atmospheric pressure Direct FuelCell{reg_sign} (DFC{reg_sign}) with an unfired Brayton cycle utilizing indirect heat recovery from the power plant. Features of the DFC/T{trademark} system include: high efficiency, minimal emissions, simplicity in design, direct reforming internal to the fuel cell, no pressurization of the fuel cell, independent operating pressure of the fuel cell and turbine, and potential cost competitiveness with existing combined cycle power plants at much smaller sizes. Objectives of the Vision 21 Program include developing power plants that will generate electricity with net efficiencies approaching 75 percent (with natural gas), while producing sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions of less than 0.01 lb/million BTU. These goals are significant improvements over conventional power plants, which are 35-60 percent efficient and produce emissions of 0.07 to 0.3 lb/million BTU of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. The nitrogen oxide and sulfur emissions from the DFC/T system are anticipated to be better than the Vision 21 goals due to the non-combustion features of the DFC/T power plant. The expected high efficiency of the DFC/T will also result in a 40-50 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to conventional power plants. To date, the R&D efforts have resulted in significant progress including proof-of-concept tests of a sub-scale power plant built around a state-of-the-art DFC stack integrated with a modified Capstone Model 330 Microturbine. The objectives of this effort are to investigate the integration aspects of the fuel cell and turbine and to obtain design information and operational data that will be utilized in the design of a 40-MW high efficiency Vision 21 power plant. Additionally, these tests are providing the valuable insight for DFC/Turbine power plant potential for load following, increased reliability, and enhanced operability.
Hossein, Ghezel-Ayagh
Advanced Electric Systems and Aerodynamics for Efficiency Improvements in Heavy Duty Trucks
The Advanced Electric Systems and Aerodynamics for Efficiency Improvements in Heavy Duty Trucks program (DE-FC26-04NT42189), commonly referred to as the AES program, focused on areas that will primarily benefit fuel economy and improve heat rejection while driving over the road. The AES program objectives were to: (1) Analyze, design, build, and test a cooling system that provided a minimum of 10 percent greater heat rejection in the same frontal area with no increase in parasitic fan load. (2) Realize fuel savings with advanced power management and acceleration assist by utilizing an integrated starter/generator (ISG) and energy storage devices. (3) Quantify the effect of aerodynamic drag due to the frontal shape mandated by the area required for the cooling system. The program effort consisted of modeling and designing components for optimum fuel efficiency, completing fabrication of necessary components, integrating these components into the chassis test bed, completing controls programming, and performance testing the system both on a chassis dynamometer and on the road. Emission control measures for heavy-duty engines have resulted in increased engine heat loads, thus introducing added parasitic engine cooling loads. Truck electrification, in the form of thermal management, offers technological solutions to mitigate or even neutralize the effects of this trend. Thermal control offers opportunities to avoid increases in cooling system frontal area and forestall reduced fuel economy brought about by additional aerodynamic vehicle drag. This project explored such thermal concepts by installing a 2007 engine that is compliant with current regulations and bears additional heat rejection associated with meeting these regulations. This newer engine replaced the 2002 engine from a previous project that generated less heat rejection. Advanced power management, utilizing a continuously optimized and controlled power flow between electric components, can offer additional fuel economy benefits to the heavy-duty trucking industry. Control software for power management brings added value to the power distribution and energy storage architecture on board a truck with electric accessories and an ISG. The research team has built upon a previous truck electrification project, formally, 'Parasitic Energy Loss Reduction and Enabling Technologies for Class 7/8 Trucks', DE-FC04-2000AL6701, where the fundamental concept of electrically-driven accessories replacing belt/gear-driven accessories was demonstrated on a Kenworth T2000 truck chassis. The electrical accessories, shown in Figure 1, were controlled to provide 'flow on demand' variable-speed operation and reduced parasitic engine loads for increased fuel economy. These accessories also provided solutions for main engine idle reduction in long haul trucks. The components and systems of the current project have been integrated into the same Kenworth T2000 truck platform. Reducing parasitic engine loading by decoupling accessory loads from the engine and driving them electrically has been a central concept of this project. Belt or gear-driven engine accessories, such as water pump, air conditioning compressor, or air compressor, are necessarily tied to the engine speed dictated by the current vehicle operating conditions. These conventional accessory pumps are sized to provide adequate flow or pressure at low idle or peak torque speeds, resulting in excess flow or pressure at cruising or rated speeds. The excess flow is diverted through a pressure-minimizing device such as a relief valve thereby expending energy to drive unnecessary and inefficient pump operation. This inefficiency causes an increased parasitic load to the engine, which leads to a loss of usable output power and decreased fuel economy. Controlling variable-speed electric motors to provide only the required flow or pressure of a particular accessory system can yield significant increases in fuel economy for a commercial vehicle. Motor loads at relatively high power levels (1-5 kW, or higher) can be efficiently provided
Larry Slone; Jeffrey Birkel
Lessons learned on closed cavity thermophotovoltaic system efficiency measurements
Previous efficiency measurements have highlighted that to accurately measure and predict thermophotovoltaic (TPV) integrated cell or array efficiencies, a thorough understanding of the system is required. This includes knowledge of intrinsic diode and filter characteristics, radiative surface properties of all materials used within the cavity, and an intimate knowledge of the radiator/photon source. As a result of these and other lessons learned, the cavity test fixture used in earlier experiments was redesigned. To reduce radiator temperature gradients, the radiator was oversized and thickened, cavity walls were eliminated, the diode heat sink and shielding material were separated, and the cold side was redesigned to incorporate a steady state heat absorbed measurement technique. This redesigned test fixture provides an isothermal radiator and significantly enhances calorimetry capabilities. This newly designed cavity test fixture, in conjunction with the Monte Carlo Photon Transport code RACER-X, was used to improve and demonstrate the understanding of in-cavity TPV diode/module system efficiency testing. A single TPV diode was tested in this new fixture and yielded good agreement between measurements and predictions.
Gethers, C.K.; Ballinger, C.T.; DePoy, D.M. [Lockheed Martin Corp., Schenectady, NY (United States)
Energy Efficient Steam Trapping of Trace Heating Systems
Since as many as 40-60% of a plant's steam traps may be used on steam tracer lines, it is essential to select the correct, properly sized 'traps'; to optimize the efficient removal of condensate while providing maximum heat transfer to maintain desired product temperatures and greatly reduce steam losses. Factors related to achieving uniform product temperatures and maximum heat transfer rates and energy efficiency are: 1.Types and Methods used for Steam Tracing; 2. Systematic heat balance required to achieve economic tracer lengths; 3. Maximum allowable trapping distance for specific applications 4.Data important to determine condensate loads; 5. Trap selection, sizing, good installation practices, and proper maintenance. Using an engineered approach to steam trapping of trace heating systems have resulted in stable tracer line temperatures while reducing steam consumption 10-50% with minimum maintenance.
Krueger, R. G.; Wilt, G. W.
Central Electric Cooperative - Residential Energy Efficiency...
Air sealing, Furnaces, Heat pumps, Motor VFDs, Motors, Refrigerators, Water Heaters, Windows Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy Efficiency...
Developing Energy Efficient Roof Systems DEERS | Open Energy Information
Roof Systems DEERS Roof Systems DEERS Jump to: navigation, search Name Developing Energy Efficient Roof Systems (DEERS) Place Ripon, California Zip 95366 Sector Solar Product Developer of roof top solar PV projects. Coordinates 43.84582°, -88.837054° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.84582,"lon":-88.837054,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, design and performance improvement
Recently, permanent magnet assisted (PMa)-synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) have been considered as a possible alternative motor drive for high performance applications. In order to have an efficient motor drive, performing of three steps in design of the overall drive is not avoidable. These steps are design optimization of the motor, identification of the motor parameter and implementation of an advanced control system to ensure optimum operation. Therefore, this dissertation first deals with the design optimization of the Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM). Various key points in the rotor design of a low cost PMa-SynRM are introduced and their effects are studied. Finite element approach has been utilized to show the effects of these parameters on the developed average electromagnetic torque and the total d-q inductances. As it can be inferred from the name of the motor, there are some permanent magnets mounted in the rotor core. One of the features considered in the design of this motor is the magnetization of the permanent magnets mounted in the rotor core using the stator windings to reduce the manufacturing cost. At the next step, identification of the motor parameters is discussed. Variation of motor parameters due to temperature and airgap flux has been reported in the literatures. Use of off-line models for estimating the motor parameters is known as a computationally intensive method, especially when the models include the effect of cross saturation. Therefore in practical applications, on-line parameter estimation is favored to achieve a high performance control system. In this dissertation, a simple practical method for parameter estimation of the PMa-SynRM is introduced. Last part of the dissertation presents one advanced control strategy which utilized the introduced parameter estimator. A practical Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) control scheme along with a simple parameter estimator for PMa-SynRM is introduced. This method is capable of maintaining the MTPA condition and stays robust against the variations of motor parameters. Effectiveness of the motor design procedure and the control strategy is validated by presenting simulation and experimental results of a 1.5 kW prototype PMa-SynRM, designed and manufactured through the introduced design method.
Niazi, Peyman
Coupling between motor proteins determines dynamic behaviors of motor protein assemblies
Coupling between motor proteins determines dynamic behaviors of motor protein assemblies Jonathan W of intracellular cargos by multiple microtubule motor proteins is believed to be a common and significant phenomenon in vivo, yet signatures of the microscopic dynamics of multiple motor systems are only now
Improve Motor Operation at Off-Design Voltages
When Should Inverter-Duty Motors Be Specified?
Minimize Adverse Motor and Adjustable Speed Drive Interactions
Measure it, See it, Manage it: Using Real Time Data to Benchmark,Optimize, and Sustain System Energy Efficiency
Even after years of training and awareness building at thestate and national level, industrial cross-cutting systems (motor-driven,steam, process heating) continue to offer significant opportunities forenergy savings. The US Department of Energy estimates these remainingsavings at more than 7 percent of all industrial energy use. This paperpresents a different approach to promoting industrial system energyefficiency -- providing plant personnel with ready access to data uponwhich to base energy management decisions.In 2005, a Del Monte Foodsfruit processing plant in Modesto, California worked with LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)to specify and purchase permanentinstrumentation for monitoring their compressed air system. This work,completed as part of a demonstration project under a State TechnologiesAdvancement Collaborative (STAC) grant, was designed to demonstrate theeffectiveness of enterprise energy management (EEM), which is predicatedon the assumption that the energy efficiency of existing, cross-cuttingindustrial systems (motor-driven, steam) can be improved by providingmanagement and operating personnel with real-time data on energy use. Theinitial STAC grant provided for the installation and some initialanalyses, but did not address the larger issue of integrating these newdata into an ongoing energy management program for the compressed airsystem.The California Energy Commission (CEC) decided to support furtheranalysis to identify potential for air system optimization. Through theCEC's Energy in Agriculture Program, a compressed air system audit wasperformed by Tom Taranto to: Measure and document the system's baselineand CASE Index of present operation; Establish methods to sustain anongoing CASE Index measure of performance; Use AIRMaster+ to analyzesupply side performance as compared to the CASE Index; Identify demandside opportunities for efficiency and performance improvement; Assesssupply / demand balance and energy reduction opportunities; Evaluate thepresent air compressor control strategy and potential improvement, andCollect data to benchmark parameters for compressed air systems atsimilar facilities.This paper addresses the benefits and limitations ofboth continuous and targeted measurement in benchmarking, optimizing, andsustaining an efficient compressed air system. Included are methods usedin applying both of these measurements to a complex industrial system.Further, this paper will describe the results of these additionalanalyses and the plant response to them.
Not a Babe in the Woods: Using MotorMaster Software to Make Sophisticated Electric Motor Purchase Decisions
Three-phase motors use more than half of all electricity in the United States. Energy efficient models are available in most motor classes in the 1 to 500 horsepower range, offering simple pay backs under two years. In practice, few motor buyers have performed an economic analysis, resulting in missed energy and dollar savings. MotorMaster software helps identify the best motor for a specific application. Its database of 9,000 motors includes the majority of three-phase motors sold in the United State. Performance information such as Full-Load RPM, torque and amperage rating identify models that meet specific design criteria. MotorMaster calculates operating costs and simple paybacks. This paper reviews the importance of proper electric motor selection and explains how MotorMaster software can be used to identify the most efficient, cost effective and reliable motor for each specific application.
Litman, T.
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING COSTS IN THE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRY: An ENERGY STAR Resource Guide for Energy and Plant Managers
and Policy Opportunities, 2 nd ed. American Council for an Energy-American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE). Energy-Efficient Motor Systems: A Handbook on Technology, Program, and Policy
Brown, Moya Melody, Camilla Dunham Whitehead, Rich
Method and system for efficiently searching an encoded vector index
Method and system aspects for efficiently searching an encoded vector index are provided. The aspects include the translation of a search query into a candidate bitmap, and the mapping of data from the candidate bitmap into a search result bitmap according to entry values in the encoded vector index. Further, the translation includes the setting of a bit in the candidate bitmap for each entry in a symbol table that corresponds to candidate of the search query. Also included in the mapping is the identification of a bit value in the candidate bitmap pointed to by an entry in an encoded vector.
Bui, Thuan Quang (Alameda, CA); Egan, Randy Lynn (Rochester, MN); Kathmann, Kevin James (Rochester, MN)
Evaluation of half wave induction motor drive for use in passenger vehicles. Final report
This report describes research performed to devise and design a lower cost inverter-induction motor drive for electrical propulsion of passenger vehicles. A two-phase inverter-motor system is recommended. It is predicted to provide comparable vehicle performance, improved reliability and nearly a 10% cost advantage for a high production vehicle because of the reduction in total parts count, decreased total rating of the power semiconductor switches and somewhat simpler control hardware compared to the conventional three-phase bridge inverter-motor drive system. The major disadvantages of the two-phase inverter-motor drive are that the tow-phase motor is larger and more expensive than a three-phase machine, the design of snubbers for the power switches is difficult because motor lead and bifilar winding leakage inductances produce higher transient voltages, and the torque pulsations are relatively large because of the necessity to limit the inverter switching frequency to achieve high efficiency. An actuall model of the two-phase system must be constructed and evaluated. The most challenging engineering design task will be to design the inverter, motor and snubber circuits to minimize transient voltages with high system efficiency.
Hoft, R.G.; Kawamura, A.; Goodarzi, A.; Yang, G.Q.; Erickson, C.L.
Measured Performance of Energy-Efficient Computer Systems
The intent of this study is to explore the potential performance of both Energy Star computers/printers and add-on control devices individually, and their expected savings if collectively applied in a typical office building in a hot and humid climate. Recent surveys have shown that the use of personal computer systems in commercial office buildings is expanding rapidly. The energy consumption of such a growing end-use also has a significant impact on the total building power demand. In warmer climates, office equipment energy use has important implications for building cooling loads as well as those directly associated with computing tasks. Recently, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an Energy Star (ES) rating system intended to endorse more efficient equipment. To research the comparative performance of conventional and low-energy computer systems, four Energy Star computer systems and two computer systems equipped with energy saving devices were monitored for power demand. Comparative data on the test results are summarized. In addition, a brief analysis uses the DOE-2.1E computer simulation to examine the impact of the test results and HVAC interactions if generically applied to computer systems in a modern office building in Florida's climate.
Floyd, D. B.; Parker, D. S.
Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for
Minimum Efficiency Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on Facebook Tweet about Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on Twitter Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on Google Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on Delicious Rank Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on Digg Find More places to share Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors on AddThis.com... Energy-Efficient Products Federal Requirements Covered Product Categories
Energy Efficiency in Heavy Vehicle Tires, Drivetrains, and Braking Systems
This document was prepared to support the primary goals of the Department of Energy, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. These were recently stated as follows: ''Develop by 2004 the enabling technologies for a class 7-8 truck with a fuel efficiency of 10 mpg (at 65 mph) which will meet prevailing emission standards. For Class 3-6 trucks operating on an urban driving cycle, develop by 2004 commercially viable vehicles that achieve at least double the fuel economy of comparable current vehicles (1999), and as a research goal, reduce criteria pollutants to 30% below EPA standards. Develop by 2004 the diesel engine enabling technologies to support large-scale industry dieselization of Class 1 and 2 trucks, achieving a 35 % fuel efficiency improvement over comparable gasoline-fueled trucks, while meeting applicable emissions standards.'' The enabling technologies for improving the fuel efficiency of trucks, include not only engine technologies but also technologies involved with lowering the rolling resistance of tires, reducing vehicle aerodynamic drag, improving thermal management, and reducing parasitic frictional losses in drive train components. Opportunities also exist for making better use of the energy that might ordinarily be dissipated during vehicle braking. Braking systems must be included in this evaluation since safety in truck operations is vital, and braking requirements are greater for vehicles having lowered resistance to rolling. The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies has initiated a program to improve the aerodynamics of heavy vehicles through wind tunnel testing, computational modeling, and on-road evaluations. That activity is described in a separate multi-year plan; therefore, emphasis in this document will be on tires, drive trains, and braking systems. Recent, dramatic fluctuations in diesel fuel prices have emphasized the importance of effecting savings in truck fuel economy by implementing new component designs and materials.
Peter J. Blau
Surrogater: A Simple Yet Efficient Document Condensation System
This paper describes Surrogater, a simple yet efficient document condensation system that is applicable for commercial use. The system consists of two components, a preprocessing component for automatic generation of key terms for a predefined topic, and a condensation component that produces the condensed versions of on-line documents. To evaluate its performance, we compared Surrogater with five other summarization technologies, including Searchable LEAD, a commercial product. Twenty topics across four domains were evaluated, totalling. 30 documents and 1800 summaries. A two-way ANOVA test suggested that Surrogater performed at least equally well, if not better, compared to other commercial or nearly commercial products. More significantly, the empirical comparison did not show any dramatic differences in performance between Surrogater and Searchable LEAD as reported in an earlier study (Brandow et al. 1995) 1.
Joe Zhou
VP 100: UQM revving up electric motor production | Department of Energy
UQM revving up electric motor production UQM revving up electric motor production VP 100: UQM revving up electric motor production July 15, 2010 - 9:06am Addthis UQM will manufacture electric vehicle propulsion systems like this at its new facility in Longmont, Colo. | Photo courtesy of UQ UQM will manufacture electric vehicle propulsion systems like this at its new facility in Longmont, Colo. | Photo courtesy of UQ Paul Lester Communications Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Business is booming at UQM Technologies, a Frederick, Colo.-based manufacturer and developer of electric vehicle propulsion systems. Last summer, UQM signed a 10-year contract to build motor and control systems for all electric cars to be manufactured by CODA Automotive of California. UQM aims to produce 20,000 of the propulsion systems over a
Coupling of Two Motor Proteins: a New Motor Can Move Faster
We study the effect of a coupling between two motor domains in highly-processive motor protein complexes. A simple stochastic discrete model, in which the two parts of the protein molecule interact through some energy potential, is presented. The exact analytical solutions for the dynamic properties of the combined motor species, such as the velocity and dispersion, are derived in terms of the properties of free individual motor domains and the interaction potential. It is shown that the coupling between the motor domains can create a more efficient motor protein that can move faster than individual particles. The results are applied to analyze the motion of helicase RecBCD molecules.
Evgeny B. Stukalin; Hubert Phillips III; Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Storage System for...
Efficiency Thermal Storage System for Solar Plants to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Storage System for Solar Plants on Facebook Tweet about...
SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP
High-Efficiency Thermal Energy High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Systems Components Competitive Awards CSP Research & Development Thermal Storage CSP Recovery Act
Parameter estimation of permanent magnet stepper motors without position or velocity sensors
Parameter estimation of permanent magnet stepper motors without position or velocity sensors Romain identification method for permanent magnet stepper motors. Current sensors are assumed available, but position magnet stepper motors, syn- chronous motors, sensorless systems, parameter identification, elimination
Motorized control for mirror mount apparatus
A motorized control and automatic braking system for adjusting mirror mount apparatus is disclosed. The motor control includes a planetary gear arrangement to provide improved pitch adjustment capability while permitting a small packaged design. The motor control for mirror mount adjustment is suitable for laser beam propagation applications. The brake is a system of constant contact, floating detents which engage the planetary gear at selected between-teeth increments to stop rotation instantaneously when the drive motor stops.
Cutburth, Ronald W. (Tracy, CA)
Frequency modulation drive for a piezoelectric motor
A piezoelectric motor has peak performance at a specific frequency f.sub.1 that may vary over a range of frequencies. A drive system is disclosed for operating such a motor at peak performance without feedback. The drive system consists of the motor and an ac source connected to power the motor, the ac source repeatedly generating a frequency over a range from f.sub.1 -.DELTA.x to f.sub.1 +.DELTA.y.
Mittas, Anthony (Albuquerque, NM)
Information about the regulations, formats, objectives, and implementation of energy efficiency labeling in China.
Offshore loading-system design is aimed at higher efficiency
Mobil Shipping and Transporation Co. has completed the design of an offshore loading system aimed at overcoming the limitations of existing terminals. The loading/mooring/storage system (LMS) is a semisubmersible vessel with ship mooring and loading facilities atop a box-shaped crude storage structure, which is well below the water line away from the effect of waves and clear of loading tankers' bows. The storage volume equals or exceeds that of a VLCC. There are 15 dual-purpose cargo/ballast tanks in the lower section with a control tower over the center tank. The loading system is designed to load 800,000 bbl of crude in about 12 hr. Each tank contains a diagonally suspended synthetic rubber diaphragm that will isolate crude from water ballast. Computer simulations based on North Sea weather data indicate that the LMS will allow marine loading efficiencies of at least 95Vertical Bar3< with total storage of a week's production or more. Other advantages of the LMS include the ability to moor shuttle tankers up to 200,000 dwt; self-contained repair and maintenance capabilities; and mobility. Variations of anchoring and riser systems for the LMS are discussed.
Monitoring System Used to Optimize Compressed Air System Efficiency, Cut Costs
In 1994, Thomson Consumer Electronics (RCA), an international manufacturer of electronics equipment purchased a UtillTRACK� Monitoring System for a plant in Indianapolis, Indiana. The system monitored gas and electric meters, substations, main feeders, and major equipment and systems including compressed air. For the compressed air system, monitored data included compressor amps, electrical demand and consumption, pressure and airflow. The resulting UtiliTRACK� reports and graphs showed a significant variation in system efficiency depending upon the demand for air (day of week, time of day, production schedule) and which compressor or compressors were operating. By working with the boiler plant operators and making minor modifications to the existing compressor controls, the operating sequence was modified to maintain high system efficiency under all operating conditions. Monitored data after the changes were made showed a 20% reduction in compressed air system operating costs.
Holmes, W. A.
Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry. An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plant Managers
10) System improvements Improved load management MaintenanceSystems Motor management plan Strategic motor selection Maintenance
Masanet, Eric
Upcoming emissions regulations (Tiers 3, 4a and 4b) are imposing significantly higher heat loads on the cooling system than lesser regulated machines. This work was a suite of tasks aimed at reducing the parasitic losses of the cooling system, or improving the design process through six distinct tasks: 1. Develop an axial fan that will provide more airflow, with less input power and less noise. The initial plan was to use Genetic Algorithms to do an automated fan design, incorporating forward sweep for low noise. First and second generation concepts could not meet either performance or sound goals. An experienced turbomachinery designer, using a specialized CFD analysis program has taken over the design and has been able to demonstrate a 5% flow improvement (vs 10% goal) and 10% efficiency improvement (vs 10% goal) using blade twist only. 2. Fan shroud developments, using an 'aeroshroud' concept developed at Michigan State University. Performance testing at Michigan State University showed the design is capable of meeting the goal of a 10% increase in flow, but over a very narrow operating range of fan performance. The goal of 10% increase in fan efficiency was not met. Fan noise was reduced from 0 to 2dB, vs. a goal of 5dB at constant airflow. The narrow range of fan operating conditions affected by the aeroshroud makes this concept unattractive for further development at this time 3. Improved axial fan system modeling is needed to accommodate the numbers of cooling systems to be redesigned to meet lower emissions requirements. A CFD fan system modeling guide has been completed and transferred to design engineers. Current, uncontrolled modeling practices produce flow estimates in some cases within 5% of measured values, and in some cases within 25% of measured values. The techniques in the modeling guide reduced variability to the goal of + 5% for the case under study. 4. Demonstrate the performance and design versatility of a high performance fan. A 'swept blade mixed flow' fan was rapid prototyped from cast aluminum for a performance demonstration on a small construction machine. The fan was mounted directly in place of the conventional fan (relatively close to the engine). The goal was to provide equal airflow at constant fan speed, with 75% of the input power and 5 dB quieter than the conventional fan. The result was a significant loss in flow with the prototype due to its sensitivity to downstream blockage. This sensitivity to downstream blockage affects flow, efficiency, and noise all negatively, and further development was terminated. 5. Develop a high efficiency variable speed fan drive to replace existing slipping clutch style fan drives. The goal for this task was to provide a continuously variable speed fan drive with an efficiency of 95%+ at max speed, and losses no greater than at max speed as the fan speed would vary throughout its entire speed range. The process developed to quantify the fuel savings potential of a variable speed fan drive has produced a simple tool to predict the fuel savings of a variable speed drive, and has sparked significant interest in the use of variable speed fan drive for Tier 3 emissions compliant machines. The proposed dual ratio slipping clutch variable speed fan drive can provide a more efficient system than a conventional single ratio slipping clutch fan drive, but could not meet the established performance goals of this task, so this task was halted in a gate review prior to the start of detailed design. 6. Develop a cooling system air filtration device to allow the use of automotive style high performance heat exchangers currently in off road machines. The goal of this task was to provide a radiator air filtration system that could allow high fin density, louvered radiators to operate in a find dust application with the same resistance to fouling as a current production off-road radiator design. Initial sensitivity testing demonstrated that fan speed has a significant impact on the fouling of radiator cores due to fine dusts, so machines equipped with continuously variabl
Ronald Dupree
Transport Characteristics of Molecular Motors
Properties of transport of molecular motors are investigated. A simplified model based on the concept of Brownian ratchets is applied. We analyze a stochastic equation of motion by means of numerical methods. The transport is systematically studied with respect to its energetic efficiency and quality expressed by an effective diffusion coefficient. We demonstrate the role of friction and non-equilibrium driving on the transport quantifiers and identify regions of a parameter space where motors are optimally transported.
Machura, Lukasz; Luczka, Jerzy; 10.1016/j.biosystems.2008.05.033
International industrial sector energy efficiency policies
Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry. Washington,1997. �Electric Motor Energy Efficiency Regulations: Theet al. , (eds. ). Energy Efficiency Improvements in Electric
Price, Lynn; Worrell, Ernst
Design and global optimization of high-efficiency solar thermal systems with tungsten cermets
Solar thermal, thermoelectric, and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have high maximum theoretical efficiencies; experimental systems fall short because of losses by selective solar absorbers and TPV selective emitters. To ...
Chester, David A.
The effects on system efficiency of excess refrigerant line length are calculated for an idealized residential heating and cooling system. By excess line length is meant refrigerant tubing in excess of the 25 R provided for in standard equipment efficiency test methods. The purpose of the calculation is to provide input for a proposed method for evaluating refrigerant distribution system efficiency. A refrigerant distribution system uses refrigerant (instead of ducts or pipes) to carry heat and/or cooling effect from the equipment to the spaces in the building in which it is used. Such systems would include so-called mini-splits as well as more conventional split systems that for one reason or another have the indoor and outdoor coils separated by more than 25 ft. This report performs first-order calculations of the effects on system efficiency, in both the heating and cooling modes, of pressure drops within the refrigerant lines and of heat transfer between the refrigerant lines and the space surrounding them.
sizing ? Cooling tower and condenser optimization ? Controland cooling tower or condenser fans. Figure 1 and Figure 2those with evaporative condensers are more efficient than
Corona and Motor Voltage Interim Report
It has been suggested that to meet the FreedomCAR objectives for cost, size, weight, efficiency, and reliability higher buss voltages be utilized in HEV and FC automotive applications. The reasoning is that since electric power is equal to the product of voltage and current for a given power a higher voltage and lower current would result in smaller cable and inverter switching components. Consequently, the system can be lighter and smaller. On the other hand, higher voltages are known to require better and thicker electrical insulation that reduce the available slot area for motor windings. One cause of slow insulation breakdown is corona that gradually erodes the insulation and shortens the life expectancy of the motor. This study reports on the results of a study on corona initiating voltages for mush-wound and bobbin-wound stators. A unique testing method is illustrated.
Section 5.7.1 High-Efficiency Drives: Greening Federal Facilities...
can be downloaded or used online at: mm3.energy.wsu.edummplus. Nadel, Steven, et al., Energy-Efficient Motor Systems: A Handbook on Technology, Programs, and Policy Op-...
Guidelines for the Qualification of Insulation Systems for Use in Rewinding Nuclear Safety-Related Harsh Environment Motors
This document provides guidance on the selection, procurement, acceptance, and dedication of the insulating materials used during the rewinding of environmentally qualified (EQ) motors located in plant harsh environment areas. This guideline is the third in a series of documents published by EPRI to facilitate the repair of safety-related motors.
Electric Motors Using High Temperature Superconducting Materials Applied to Power Generating Station Equipment
Large high-temperature superconducting (HTS) electric motors have the potential to operate with much greater efficiencies than conventional iron core induction motors of the same rating. This study describes the design and successful testing in the superconducting state of two synchronous motors, a 2 horsepower motor with stationary HTS field coils and a 5 horsepower motor with rotating HTS field coils.
A study of the Mighty Motors operating system : making sustainable improvements at a powertrain manufacturing facility
Many manufacturing companies are developing their own production or operating system, particularly in an effort to duplicate the widely renowned Toyota Production System. Toyota has demonstrated its potential for improving ...
Dibb, Gregory David, 1974-
Magnetic tweezers to study DNA motors
Magnetic tweezers to study DNA motors Maria Mañosas Ritort lab UB Barcelona Croquette-Bensimon lab ENS France #12;· Introduction to MT (magnetic tweezers) · Applications: 1. Tracking DNA motors: (i) Helicases (ii) Annealing motor 2. Studying a multiprotein system: DNA replication Outline #12;· Atomic force
Ritort, Felix
Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle
A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration. 34 figs.
Reed, R.G. Jr.; Boberg, E.S.; Lawrie, R.E.; Castaing, F.J.
A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration.
Reed, Jr., Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Boberg, Evan S. (Hazel Park, MI); Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Castaing, Francois J. (Bloomfield Township, MI)
1756 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 55, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2006 Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV
- propulsion systems, namely the dc motor, the induction motor (IM), the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the induction motor (IM), the permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor, and the switched reluctance motor (SRM1756 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 55, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2006 Electric Motor Drive
Energy Efficient Pump Control for an Offshore Oil Processing System Yang, Zhenyu; Soleiman, Kian ; Lhndorf, Bo
Energy Efficient Pump Control for an Offshore Oil Processing System Yang, Zhenyu; Soleiman, Kian. (2012). Energy Efficient Pump Control for an Offshore Oil Processing System: IFAC Workshop - Automatic of a pump system for an offshore oil processing system is investigated. The seawater is lifted up by a pump
Yang, Zhenyu
Phase II CRADA ORNL99-0568 Report : Developing Transmission-Less Inverter Drive Systems for Axial-Gap Permanent magnet Accessory and Traction Motors and Generators
Researchers of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNLs) Power Electronics and Electric Machine Research Center (PEEMRC) collaborated with Visual Computing Systems (VCS) to develop an electric axial-gap permanent magnet (PM) motor controlled by a self-sensing inverter for driving vehicle accessories such as power steering, air conditioning, and brakes. VCS designed an 8 kW motor based on their Segmented Electromagnetic Array (SEMA) technology. ORNL designed a 10 kW inverter to fit within the volume of a housing, which had been integrated with the motor. This modular design was pursued so that multiple modules could be used for higher power applications. ORNL built the first inverter under the cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) ORNL 98-0514 and drove a refurbished Delta motor with no load during the Merit Review at ORNL on Monday, May 17, 1999. Inverter circuitry and instructions for assembling the inverters were sent to VCS. A report was prepared and delivered during the Future Car Congress in April 2000, at Arlington, Virginia. Collaboration continued under CRADA ORNL 99-0568 as VCS designed and built a SEMA motor with a dual coil platter to be the traction motor for an electric truck. VCS and ORNL assembled two 45 kW inverters. Each inverter drove one coil, which was designed to deliver 15 kW continuous power and 45 kW peak power for 90 s. The vehicle was road tested as part of the Future Truck Competition. A report was prepared and delivered during the PCIM in October 2000, at Boston, Massachusetts.
McKeever, J.W.
??My dissertation includes the results of three main projects that examined the organization of premotor systems in prosimian galagos, including the determination of subdivisions of� (more)
Fang, Pei-chun Yoko
Black Hills Power - Commercial Energy Efficiency Programs (South...
Government, Nonprofit, State Government Eligible Technologies Agricultural Equipment, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Motor VFDs, Motors,...
Connecticut Natural Gas - Custom Commercial Energy Efficiency...
Heat recovery, Steam-system upgrades, Compressed air, Programmable Thermostats, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Building Insulation, Windows, Doors, Motors, Motor...
Emerging energy-efficient technologies for industry
HVAC Advanced lighting technologies Advanced lighting design Advance ASD designs Advanced compressor controls Compressed air system management Motor diagnostics Motor system optimization
Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies for Industry
Floating Loop System For Cooling Integrated Motors And Inverters Using Hot Liquid Refrigerant
A floating loop vehicle component cooling and air-conditioning system having at least one compressor for compressing cool vapor refrigerant into hot vapor refrigerant; at least one condenser for condensing the hot vapor refrigerant into hot liquid refrigerant by exchanging heat with outdoor air; at least one floating loop component cooling device for evaporating the hot liquid refrigerant into hot vapor refrigerant; at least one expansion device for expanding the hot liquid refrigerant into cool liquid refrigerant; at least one air conditioning evaporator for evaporating the cool liquid refrigerant into cool vapor refrigerant by exchanging heat with indoor air; and piping for interconnecting components of the cooling and air conditioning system.
Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN; Ayers, Curtis W [Kingston, TN; Coomer, Chester [Knoxville, TN; Marlino, Laura D [Oak Ridge, TN
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection
A New Thermal-Conscious System-Level Methodology for Energy-Efficient Processor Voltage Selection a thermal-conscious system-level methodology to make energy-efficient voltage selection (VS) for nanometer), thermal resistance, are integrated and considered in our system models, and their impacts on energy
Wang, Yu
This report contains the final project summary and deliverables required by the award for the development of an In-line Electric Motor Driven Compressor (IEMDC). Extensive work was undertaken during the course of the project to develop the motor and the compressor section of the IEMDC unit. Multiple design iterations were performed to design an electric motor for operation in a natural gas environment and to successfully integrate the motor with a compressor. During the project execution, many challenges were successfully overcome in order to achieve the project goals and to maintain the system design integrity. Some of the challenges included limiting the magnitude of the compressor aerodynamic loading for appropriate sizing of the magnetic bearings, achieving a compact motor rotor size to meet the rotor dynamic requirements of API standards, devising a motor cooling scheme using high pressure natural gas, minimizing the impact of cooling on system efficiency, and balancing the system thrust loads for the magnetic thrust bearing. Design methods that were used on the project included validated state-of-the-art techniques such as finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics along with the combined expertise of both Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation and Dresser-Rand Company. One of the most significant areas of work undertaken on the project was the development of the unit configuration for the system. Determining the configuration of the unit was a significant step in achieving integration of the electric motor into a totally enclosed compression system. Product review of the IEMDC unit configuration was performed during the course of the development process; this led to an alternate design configuration. The alternate configuration is a modular design with the electric motor and compressor section each being primarily contained in its own pressure containing case. This new concept resolved the previous conflict between the aerodynamic flow passage requirements and electric motor requirements for support and utilities by bounding the flowpath within the compressor section. However most importantly, the benefits delivered by the new design remained the same as those proposed by the goals of the project. In addition, this alternate configuration resulted in the achievement of a few additional advantages over the original concept such as easier maintenance, operation, and installation. Interaction and feedback solicited from target clients regarding the unit configuration supports the fact that the design addresses industry issues regarding accessibility, maintainability, preferred operating practice, and increased reliability.
Michael J. Crowley; Prem N. Bansal
Radial-Gap Permanent Magnet Motor and Drive Research FY 2004
The objective of this task was to study permanent magnet (PM) radial-gap traction drive systems that could meet the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR Program's 2010 goals to expose weaknesses or identify strengths. Initially, the approach was to compare attributes such as physical deformations during operation, performance (torque, power, efficiency versus speed), material requirements (strength), material costs, manufacturability, weight, power density, specific power, reliability, and drivability for specific motors. Three motors selected were the commercially available 60-kW radial-gap surface-mounted PM motor manufactured by UQM Technologies, Inc.; a hypothetical PM motor with rotor-supported magnets similar to the Honda MCF-21; and Delphi's automotive electric machine drive motor, whose rotor is a ferromagnetic cylinder, held at one end by a shaft that supports the magnets on its inner surface. Potential problems have appeared related to PM motors, such as (1) high no-load spin losses and high operational power losses, probably from eddy current losses in the rotor; (2) the undemonstrated dual mode inverter control (DMIC) for driving a brushless dc motor (BDCM) (UQM and Delphi motors); (3) uncertainty about the potential for reducing current with DMIC; and (4) uncertainty about the relation between material requirements and maximum rotor speed. Therefore, the approach was changed to study in detail three of the comparison attributes: drivability, performance, and material requirements. Drivability and related problems were examined by demonstrating that DMIC may be used to drive an 18-pole 30-kW PM motor to 6000 rpm, where the maximum electrical frequency is 900 Hz. An available axial-gap test motor with 18 poles was used because its control is identical to that of a radial gap PM motor. Performance was analytically examined, which led to a derivation showing that DMIC controls a PM motor so that the motor uses minimum current to produce any power regardless of speed for relative speeds, n = {omega}/{omega}{sub base} {ge} 2. Performance was also examined with efficiency measurements during the 30-kW PM motor test. Material requirements were examined with finite-element analyses (FEA) to determine the speed and location where yield starts and the corresponding deformations and stresses.
Roof-and-attic system delivers year-round efficiency | ornl.gov
at ORNL improves efficiency using controls for radiation, convection, and insulation, including a passive ventilation system that pulls air from the underbelly of the...
SRP - PowerWise Business Solutions Energy Efficiency Rebate Program...
ton, depending on efficiency of the installed unit VFDs: 55 per hp on controlled HVAC fan and pump motors Refrigeration Measures: Varies widely by application ECM Motors...
DTE Energy (Electric) - Residential Energy Efficiency Program...
Lighting ControlsSensors, Motor VFDs, Programmable Thermostats, Refrigerators, Windows Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy Efficiency...
Energy-Efficient Spectrum Sharing in Relay-Assisted Cognitive Radio Systems
Energy-Efficient Spectrum Sharing in Relay-Assisted Cognitive Radio Systems (Invited Paper) Mariem of a relevant spectrum game. Two energy-efficient sources communicating with their respective destination energy-efficient sources. Keywords: resource allocation, cognitive radio, cooperative transmission, Nash
Efficient transformations from geodetic to UTM coordinate systems
The problem of efficiently performing transformations from geocentric to geodetic coordinates has been addressed at previous DIS (Distributed Interactive Simulation) workshops. This paper extends the work presented at the 14th DIS Workshop. As a consequence of the new algorithm for geocentric to geodetic coordinate conversion, a subsequent conversion to Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates is made considerably more efficient. No additional trigonometric or square root evaluations are required and accuracy is not degraded.
Toms, R.M.
Modeling and optimization of permanent magnetic motors
This thesis develops analytic models for the prediction and optimization of radial-flux permanent magnet motor torque and efficiency. It also facilitates the design optimization of electromagnetically-powered rotorcraft ...
Pinkham, Andrew P
Dual-circuit segmented rail phased induction motor - Energy ...
An improved linear motor utilizes two circuits, rather that one circuit and an opposed plate, to gain efficiency. The powered circuit is a flat conductive coil. The ...
Novel motor design for rotating anode x-ray tubes operating in the fringe field of a magnetic resonance imaging system
Purpose: Using hybrid x-ray/MR (XMR) systems for image guidance during interventional procedures could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic, oncologic, cardiovascular, and other disorders. The authors propose a close proximity hybrid system design in which a C-arm fluoroscopy unit is placed immediately adjacent to the solenoid magnet of a MR system with a minimum distance of 1.2 m between the x-ray and MR imaging fields of view. Existing rotating anode x-ray tube designs fail within MR fringe field environments because the magnetic fields alter the electron trajectories in the x-ray tube and act as a brake on the induction motor, reducing the rotation speed of the anode. In this study the authors propose a novel motor design that avoids the anode rotation speed reduction. Methods: The proposed design replaces the permanent magnet stator found in brushed dc motors with the radial component of the MR fringe field. The x-ray tube is oriented such that the radial component of the MR fringe field is orthogonal to the cathode-anode axis. Using a feedback position sensor and the support bearings as electrical slip rings, the authors use electrical commutation to eliminate the need for mechanical brushes and commutators. A vacuum compatible prototype of the proposed motor design was assembled, and its performance was evaluated at various operating conditions. The prototype consisted of a 3.1 in. diameter anode rated at 300 kHU with a ceramic rotor that was 5.6 in. in length and had a 2.9 in. diameter. The material chosen for all ceramic components was MACOR, a machineable glass ceramic developed by Corning Inc. The approximate weight of the entire assembly was 1750 g. The maximum rotation speed, angular acceleration, and acceleration time of the motor design were investigated, as well as the dependence of these parameters on rotor angular offset, magnetic field strength, and field orientation. The resonance properties of the authors' assembly were also evaluated to determine its stability during acceleration, and a pulse width modulation algorithm was implemented to control the rotation speed of the motor. Results: At a magnetic flux density of 41 mT orthogonal to the axis of rotation (on the lower end of the expected flux density in the MR suite) the maximum speed of the motor was found to be 5150 revolutions per minute (rpm). The acceleration time necessary to reach 3000 rpm was found to be approximately 10 s at 59 mT. The resonance frequency of the assembly with the anode attached was 1310 rpm (21.8 Hz) which is far below the desired operating speeds. Pulse width modulation provides an effective method to control the speed of the motor with a resolution of 100 rpm. Conclusions: The proposed design can serve as a direct replacement to the conventional induction motor used in rotating anode x-ray tubes. It does not suffer from a reduced rotation speed when operating in a MR environment. The presence of chromic steel bearings in the prototype prevented testing at the higher field strengths, and future iterations of the design could eliminate this shortcoming. The prototype assembly demonstrates proof of concept of the authors' design and overcomes one of the major obstacles for a MR compatible rotating anode x-ray tube.
Lillaney, Prasheel; Pelc, Norbert [Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Shin Mihye [Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Hinshaw, Waldo; Fahrig, Rebecca [Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Bennett, N. Robert [Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Qualcomm MEMS Technologies, San Jose, California 95134 (United States)
Influence of direct motor-motor interaction in models for cargo transport by a single team of motors
We analyze theoretically the effects of excluded-volume interactions between motors on the dynamics of a cargo driven by multiple motors. The model considered shares many commons with other recently proposed in the literature, with the addition of direct interaction between motors and motor back steps. The cargo is assumed to follow a continuum Langevin dynamics, while individual motors evolve following a Monte Carlo algorithm based on experimentally accessible probabilities for discrete forward and backward jumps, and attachment and detachment rates. The links between cargo and motors are considered as non linear springs. By means of numerical simulations we compute the relevant quantities characterizing the dynamical properties of the system, and we compare the results to those for non interacting motors. We find that interactions lead to quite relevant changes in the force-velocity relation for cargo, with a considerable reduction of the stall force, and cause also a notable decrease of the run length. The...
Bouzat, Sebastian; 10.1088/1478-3975/7/4/046009
Sensory information to motor cortices: Effects of motor execution in the upper-limb contralateral to sensory input.
??Performance of efficient and precise motor output requires proper planning of movement parameters as well as integration of sensory feedback. Peripheral sensory information is projected� (more)
Legon, Wynn
A Power Presizing Methodology for Electric Vehicle Traction Motors Bekheira Tabbache1,2
= Vehicle base speed; Vcr = Vehicle cruising speed; = Grade angle; Pv = Vehicle driving power; Fw = Road for the most appropriate electric propulsion system. In this case, key features are efficiency, reliability manuscript, published in "International Review on Modelling and Simulations 6, 1 (2013) 29-32" #12;motor type
Brest, Université de
air system assessments and energy audits based on a systemaudit. These compressed air system assessments may be conducted by compressor manufacturers/distributors or energy
Small Hydropower Systems: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse
This fact sheet introduces consumers to small hydropower systems, and includes information on how the systems work and how to assess a stream site for hydropower suitability.
Nachman-Hunt, N.
An energy-efficient communication system for ad hoc wireless and sensor networks
Existing ad hoc wireless and sensor network systems often trade off energy against performance. As such, it is hard to find a single deployable system that supports high data rates while maintaining energy-efficient ...
Tetteh, William Nii Adjetey
Submersible canned motor mixer pump
A mixer pump is described used in a waste tank for mobilizing high-level radioactive liquid waste having a column assembly containing power cables, a motor housing with electric motor means which includes a stator can of a stator assembly and a rotor can of a rotor assembly, and an impeller assembly with an impeller connected to a shaft of the rotor assembly. The column assembly locates the motor housing with the electric motor means adjacent to the impeller which creates an hydraulic head, and which forces the liquid waste into the motor housing to cool the electric motor means and to lubricate radial and thrust bearing assemblies. Hard-on-hard bearing surfaces of the bearing assemblies and a ring assembly between the impeller and electric motor means act to grind down large particles in the liquid waste flow. These larger particles are received in slots in the static bearing members of the radial bearing assemblies. Only solid waste particles smaller than the clearances in the system can pass there through, thereby resisting damage to and the interruption of the operation of the mixer pump. 10 figs.
Guardiani, R.F.; Pollick, R.D.
Submersible canned motor transfer pump
A transfer pump used in a waste tank for transferring high-level radioactive liquid waste from a waste tank and having a column assembly, a canned electric motor means, and an impeller assembly with an upper impeller and a lower impeller connected to a shaft of a rotor assembly. The column assembly locates a motor housing with the electric motor means adjacent to the impeller assembly which creates an hydraulic head, and which forces the liquid waste, into the motor housing to cool the electric motor means and to cool and/or lubricate the radial and thrust bearing assemblies. Hard-on-hard bearing surfaces of the bearing assemblies and a ring assembly between the upper impeller and electric motor means grind large particles in the liquid waste flow. Slots in the static bearing member of the radial bearing assemblies further grind down the solid waste particles so that only particles smaller than the clearances in the system can pass therethrough, thereby resisting damage to and the interruption of the operation of the transfer pump. The column assembly is modular so that sections can be easily assembled, disassembled and/or removed. A second embodiment employs a stator jacket which provides an alternate means for cooling the electric motor means and lubricating and/or cooling the bearing assemblies, and a third embodiment employs a variable level suction device which allows liquid waste to be drawn into the transfer pump from varying and discrete levels in the waste tank.
Guardiani, Richard F. (Ohio Township, Allegheny County, PA); Pollick, Richard D. (Sarver, PA); Nyilas, Charles P. (Monroeville, PA); Denmeade, Timothy J. (Lower Burrell, PA)
A mixer pump used in a waste tank for mobilizing high-level radioactive liquid waste having a column assembly containing power cables, a motor housing with electric motor means which includes a stator can of a stator assembly and a rotor can of a rotor assembly, and an impeller assembly with an impeller connected to a shaft of the rotor assembly. The column assembly locates the motor housing with the electric motor means adjacent to the impeller which creates an hydraulic head, and which forces the liquid waste into the motor housing to cool the electric motor means and to lubricate radial and thrust bearing assemblies. Hard-on-hard bearing surfaces of the bearing assemblies and a ring assembly between the impeller and electric motor means act to grind down large particles in the liquid waste flow. These larger particles are received in slots in the static bearing members of the radial bearing assemblies. Only solid waste particles smaller than the clearances in the system can pass therethrough, thereby resisting damage to and the interruption of the operation of the mixer pump.
Guardiani, Richard F. (Ohio Township, PA); Pollick, Richard D. (Sarver, PA)
Implications of Low Particulate Matter Emissions on System Fuel Efficiency for High Efficiency Clean Combustion
Advanced diesel combustion regimes such as High Efficiency Clean Combustion (HECC) offer the benefits of reduced engine out NOX and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Lower PM emissions during advanced combustion reduce the demand on diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and can, thereby, reduce the fuel penalty associated with DPF regeneration. In this study, a SiC DPF was loaded and regenerated on a 1.7-liter 4-cylinder diesel engine operated in conventional and advanced combustion modes at different speed and load conditions. A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a lean NOX trap (LNT) were also installed in the exhaust stream. Five steady-state speed and load conditions were weighted to estimate Federal Test Procedure (FTP) fuel efficiency. The DPF was loaded using lean-rich cycling with frequencies that resulted in similar levels of NOX emissions downstream of the LNT. The pressure drop across the DPF was measured at a standard point (1500 rpm, 5.0 bar) before and after loading, and a P rise rate was determined for comparison between conventional and advanced combustion modes. Higher PM emissions in conventional combustion resulted in a higher rate of backpressure rise across the DPF at all of the load points leading to more frequent DPF regenerations and higher fuel penalty. The fuel penalty during conventional combustion was 4.2% compared with 3.1% for a mixture of conventional and advanced modes.
Parks, II, James E [ORNL; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL
Evaluation of energy-efficiency in lighting systems using sensor networks
In modern energy aware buildings, lighting control systems are put in place so to maximise the energy-efficiency of the lighting system without effecting the comfort of the occupant. In many cases this involves utilising a set of presence sensors, with ... Keywords: building, decision, efficiency, energy, lighting, network, sensor, support
Declan T. Delaney; Gregory M. P. O'Hare; Antonio G. Ruzzelli
Field Measurements of Heating System Efficiency in Nine Electrically-Heated Manufactured Homes.
This report presents the results of field measurements of heating efficiency performed on nine manufactured homes sited in the Pacific Northwest. The testing procedure collects real-time data on heating system energy use and heating zone temperatures, allowing direct calculation of heating system efficiency.
Davis, Bob; Siegel, J.; Palmiter, L.; Baylon, D.
Improving the Efficiency of Your Process Cooling System
Many industries require process cooling to achieve desired outcomes of specific processes. This cooling may come from cooling towers, once-through water, mechanical refrigeration, or cryogenic sources such as liquid nitrogen or dry ice. This paper deals primarily with mechanically-based process cooling. Based on the author's experiences, this category provides the greatest opportunity for energy efficiency improvement.
Baker, R.
Efficiency of critical incident management systems: Instrument development and validation
There is much literature in the area of emergency response management systems. Even so, there is in general a lacuna of literature that deals with the issue of measuring the effectiveness of such systems. The aim of this study is to develop and validate ... Keywords: Critical incident management system (CIMS), Decision support, Emergency response systems, Instrument, Measurement, Media richness theory, National incident management systems (NIMS), Validation
Jin Ki Kim; Raj Sharman; H. Raghav Rao; Shambhu Upadhyaya
Extended cage adjustable speed electric motors and drive packages
The rotor cage of a motor is extended, a second stator is coupled to this extended rotor cage, and the windings have the same number of poles. The motor torque and speed can be controlled by either injecting energy into or extracting energy out from the rotor cage. The motor produces less harmonics than existing doubly-fed motors. Consequently, a new type of low cost, high efficiency drive is produced. 12 figs.
The rotor cage of a motor is extended, a second stator is coupled to this extended rotor cage, and the windings have the same number of poles. The motor torque and speed can be controlled by either injecting energy into or extracting energy out from the rotor cage. The motor produces less harmonics than existing doubly-fed motors. Consequently, a new type of low cost, high efficiency drive is produced.
Hsu, John S. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Efficiency Measures
recommended steam system energy efficiency measures Based on analyses implementation of steam system energy efficiency measures is driven primarily by cost metrics payback period...
Federal Energy Management Program: Minimum Efficiency Standards...
Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors Section 313 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 raised Federal minimum efficiency standards for...
Highly efficient photochemical HCOOH production from CO{sub 2} and water using an inorganic system
We have constructed a system that uses solar energy to react CO{sub 2} with water to generate formic acid (HCOOH) at an energy conversion efficiency of 0.15%. It consists of an AlGaN/GaN anode photoelectrode and indium (In) cathode that are electrically connected outside of the reactor cell. High energy conversion efficiency is realized due to a high quantum efficiency of 28% at 300 nm, attributable to efficient electron-hole separation in the semiconductor's heterostructure. The efficiency is close to that of natural photosynthesis in plants, and what is more, the reaction product (HCOOH) can be used as a renewable energy source.
Yotsuhashi, Satoshi; Hashiba, Hiroshi; Deguchi, Masahiro; Zenitani, Yuji; Hinogami, Reiko; Yamada, Yuka [Advanced Technology Research Laboratory, Panasonic Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237 (Japan); Deura, Momoko; Ohkawa, Kazuhiro [Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601 (Japan)
High Quality Down Lighting Luminaire with 73% Overall System Efficiency
This report summarizes work to develop a high flux, high efficiency LED-based downlight at OSRAM SYLVANIA under US Department of Energy contract DE-FC26-08NT01582. A new high power LED and electronic driver were developed for these downlights. The LED achieved 100 lumens per watt efficacy and 1700 lumen flux output at a correlated color temperature of 3500K. The driver had 90% electrical conversion efficiency while maintaining excellent power quality with power factor >0.99, and total harmonic distortion <10%. Two styles of downlights using the LED and driver were shown to exceed the project targets for steady-state luminous efficacy and flux of 70 lumens per watt and 1300 lumens, respectively. Compared to similar existing downlights using compact fluorescent or LED sources, these downlights had much higher efficacy at nearly the same luminous flux.
Robert Harrison; Steven C. Allen; Joseph Bernier; Robert Harrison
This report summarizes work to develop a high flux, high efficiency LED-based downlight at OSRAM SYLVANIA under US Department of Energy contract DE-FC26-08NT01582. A new high power LED and electronic driver were developed for these downlights. The LED achieved 100 lumens per watt efficacy and 1700 lumen flux output at a correlated color temperature of 3500K. The driver had 90% electrical conversion efficiency while maintaining excellent power quality with power factor >0.99, and total harmonic distortion LED and driver were shown to exceed the project targets for steady-state luminous efficacy and flux of 70 lumens per watt and 1300 lumens, respectively. Compared to similar existing downlights using compact fluorescent or LED sources, these downlights had much higher efficacy at nearly the same luminous flux.
Design of control for efficiency of AUV power systems
The MIT Rapid Development Group designed and built an internal combustion hybrid recharging system for the REMUS 600 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) in collaboration with the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. This power system ...
Ware, Laura M. (Laura Marie)
TFTR Motor Generator
A general description is given of 475 MVA pulsed motor generators for TFTR at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Two identical generators operating in parallel are capable of supplying 950 MVA for an equivalent square pulse of 6.77 seconds and 4,500 MJ at 0.7 power factor to provide the energy for the pulsed electrical coils and heating system for TFTR. The description includes the operational features of the 15,000 HP wound rotor motors driving each generator with its starting equipment and cycloconverter for controlling speed, power factor, and regulating line voltage during load pulsing where the generator speed changes from 87.5 to 60 Hz frequency variation to provide the 4,500 MJ or energy. The special design characteristics such as fatigue stress calculations for 10/sup 6/ cycles of operation, forcing factor on exciter to provide regulation, and low generator impedance are reviewed.
Murray, J.G.; Bronner, G.; Horton, M.
Efficient optimal design of uncertain discrete time dynamical systems
In this paper we consider the problem of optimal design of an uncertain discrete time nonlinear dynamical system. The problem is formulated using an a-posterori design criterion, which can account for uncertainties generated by the dynamics of the system ... Keywords: Discrete time dynamical systems, Optimal design, Randomized algorithms, Uncertain parameters
Chenxi Lin; Thordur Runolfsson
Evaluation of Hydraulic Efficiency of Disinfection Systems Based on
time (TDT) and the rising limb of the residence time distribution (RTD) curve. This evaluation and scalar transport dynamics and subsequent RTD curve. The main objective of this study was to analyze, primarily a pipe loop system, pressurized tank system, and baffled tank system, from their respective RTD
POEM: Power-efficient Occupancy-based Energy Management System
for optimally controlling HVAC systems in buildings based on actual occupancy levels. POEM is comprised for Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Current HVAC systems only condition based are then fused with an occupancy prediction model us- ing a particle filter in order to determine the most
Cerpa, Alberto E.
Biological optimization systems for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and methods of use
Biological optimization systems for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and methods of use. Specifically, methods for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency including applying pulsed light to a photosynthetic organism, using a chlorophyll fluorescence feedback control system to determine one or more photosynthetic efficiency parameters, and adjusting one or more of the photosynthetic efficiency parameters to drive the photosynthesis by the delivery of an amount of light to optimize light absorption of the photosynthetic organism while providing enough dark time between light pulses to prevent oversaturation of the chlorophyll reaction centers are disclosed.
Hunt, Ryan W.; Chinnasamy, Senthil; Das, Keshav C.; de Mattos, Erico Rolim
Efficiency United (Gas) - Commercial Efficiency Program (Michigan...
Boilers, Building Insulation, Clothes Washers, CustomOthers pending approval, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Equipment Insulation, Furnaces, Motor VFDs,...
Hybrid neural network and genetic algorithms for self-tuning of PI controller in DSPM motor drive system
Due to the nonlinear characteristics of Double Salient Permanent Magnet (DSPM) motor, the fixed-gain Proportional Integer (PI) controller can not perform well at all operating conditions. To increase the robustness of PI controllers, we present a self-tuning ...
Rui-Ming Fang; Qian Sun
Connexus Energy - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs...
Comprehensive MeasuresWhole Building, Compressed air, CustomOthers pending approval, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Motor VFDs, Motors, Vending...
Clark Public Utilities - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate...
Comprehensive MeasuresWhole Building, Compressed air, CustomOthers pending approval, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Motor VFDs, Motors,...
Connecticut Light & Power - Energy Opportunities Efficiency Program...
Furnaces, Boilers, Central Air conditioners, Compressed air, Programmable Thermostats, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Motors, Motor VFDs, CustomOthers pending approval...
Adjustable Speed Drive Part-Load Efficiency
150,000 r/min-1.5 kW PM Efficiency Improvement by Means of Permeance Coefficient Optimization of 150,000-r/min, 1.5-kW PM Motor
University of Technology) This paper describes an ultra high-speed permanent-magnet synchronous motor design. Configuration of ultra high-speed PM motor. Core Coil (Winding) Air Permanent Magnet Shaft Stator Air 2 FEM Optimization of 150,000-r/min, 1.5-kW PM Motor Masaru Kano, Student Member, Toshihiko Noguchi, Member (Nagaoka
Fujimoto, Hiroshi
Direct address translation for virtual memory in energy-efficient embedded systems
This article presents a methodology for virtual memory support in energy-efficient embedded systems. A holistic approach is proposed, where the combined efforts of compiler, operating system, and hardware architecture achieve a significant system power ... Keywords: Low-power embedded systems, address translation, virtual memory
Xiangrong Zhou; Peter Petrov
Transmission System Efficiency and Utilization Improvement: Summary of R&D Activity and Demonstration Projects
��This report compiles and summarizes the activities, findings, and main conclusions derived from the development of EPRI R&D Program 172 - Efficient Transmission Systems for a Carbon-Constrained World.BackgroundEPRI R&D Program 172, Efficient Transmission Systems for a Carbon-Constrained World, was initiated in 2008 and finalized in 2012. The main objective of the program was to assist utilities to prepare for operating a power-delivery system ...
New technology can improve electric power system efficiency and ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
The term "smart grid" covers a range of devices and systems that leverage recent advances in digital technology and communications to ... Developing methods for ...
An efficient multi-channel wireless switching system
the scheduling operation in wireless switching systems. Thefor the local operation between a wireless switch port andoperations in interference-rich multi-channel wireless
Shim, Jaewook
Energy and Spectral Efficiency of Very Large Multiuser MIMO Systems
A multiplicity of autonomous terminals simultaneously transmits data streams to a compact array of antennas. The array uses imperfect channel-state information derived from transmitted pilots to extract the individual data streams. The power radiated by the terminals can be made inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of base station antennas with no reduction in performance. In contrast if perfect channel-state information were available the power could be made inversely proportional to the number of antennas. Lower capacity bounds for maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection are derived. A MRC receiver normally performs worse than ZF and MMSE. However as power levels are reduced, the cross-talk introduced by the inferior maximum-ratio receiver eventually falls below the noise level and this simple receiver becomes a viable option. The tradeoff between the energy efficiency (as measured in bits/J) and spectral efficiency (as measured in b...
Ngo, Hien Quoc; Marzetta, Thomas L
POEM: power-efficient occupancy-based energy management system
Buildings account for 40% of US primary energy consumption and 72% of electricity. Of this total, 50% of the energy consumed in buildings is used for Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Current HVAC systems only condition based on ... Keywords: HVAC, energy savings, occupancy, ventilation
Varick L. Erickson; Stefan Achleitner; Alberto E. Cerpa
An efficient system for collaboration in tele-immersive environments
The paper describes the development of a high-performance system for visualizing complex scientific models in real-time. The architecure of the system is a client/server model, in which the simulator generates lists of 3D graphics objects in parallel ...
N. Jensen; S. Olbrich; H. Pralle; S. Raasch
Pipelining with common operands for power-efficient linear systems
We propose a systematic pipelining method for a linear system to minimize power and maximize throughput, given a constraint on the number of pipeline stages and a set of resource constraints. Unlike most existing pipelining approaches, our method takes ... Keywords: common operand, linear system, operand sharing, pipelining, power
Daehong Kim; Dongwan Shin; Kiyoung Choi
Direct Digital Control in Air Conditioning Systems for Energy Efficiency
With the rapid development of Intelligent Buildings (IB), the Building Automation System (BAS) has come to control and manage the equipment in the building more and more scientifically, economically and rationally, which can not only raise the function and the level of the building, but also save energy. At present, air-conditioning design in internal commercial buildings is becoming more complex and enormous. The proportion of air conditioning systems in the whole building is getting larger. In order to control and manage the air-conditioning systems effectively and take full use of energy-saving technology, we apply computer control to the system of air automation control. This paper discusses direct digital control (DDC) in the air conditioning system in buildings.
Liu, W.; Ye, A.; Li, D.
A high-efficiency indirect lighting system utilizing the solar 1000 sulfur lamp
High-lumen light sources represent unique challenges and opportunities for the design of practical and efficient interior lighting systems. High-output sources require a means of large-scale distribution and avoidance of high-luminance glare while providing efficient delivery. An indirect lighting system has been developed for use with a 1,000 Watt sulfur lamp that efficiently utilizes the high-output source to provide quality interior lighting. This paper briefly describes the design and initial testing of this new system.
Siminovitch, M.; Gould, C.; Page, E.
Reduced vibration motor winding arrangement
The present invention relates generally to an electric motor winding and, more particularly, to a three phase motor armature winding arrangement designed to reduce motor vibration and improve efficiency. An individual phase winding arrangement having a sixty electrical degree phase belt width for use with a three phase motor armature includes a delta connected phase winding portion and a wye connected phase winding portion. Both the delta and wye connected phase winding portions have a thirty electrical degree phase belt width. The delta and wye connected phase winding portions are each formed from a preselected number of individual coils each formed, in turn, from an unequal number of electrical conductor turns in the approximate ratio of {radical}3. The individual coils of the delta and wye connected phase winding portions may either be connected in series or parallel. This arrangement provides an armature winding for a three phase motor which retains the benefits of the widely known and utilized thirty degree phase belt concept, including improved mmf waveform and fundamental distribution factor.
Slavik, C.J.; Rhudy, R.G.; Bushman, R.E.
Highly-efficient noise-assisted energy transport in classical oscillator systems
Photosynthesis is a biological process that involves the highly-efficient transport of energy captured from the sun to a reaction center, where conversion into useful biochemical energy takes place. Even though one can always use a quantum perspective to describe any physical process, since everything follows the laws of Quantum Mechanics, is the use of quantum theory imperative to explain this high efficiency? Several theoretical studies suggest that the high efficiency can only be understood as a result of the interplay between the quantum coherent evolution of the photosynthetic system, and noise introduced by its surrounding environment. Notwithstanding, we show here that noise-assisted highly-efficient energy transport can be found as well in purely classical systems; therefore, we might conclude that high efficiency energy transfer in photosynthetic systems could also be anticipated by classical models, without the need to resorting to quantum effects. Strikingly, the wider scope of applicability of the...
Le�n-Montiel, R de J
High Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission, Integrated Process Heater System
The team of TIAX LLC, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, and Callidus Technologies, LLC conducted a six-year program to develop an ultra-low emission process heater burner and an advanced high efficiency heater design. This project addresses the critical need of process heater operators for reliable, economical emission reduction technologies to comply with stringent emission regulations, and for heater design alternatives that reduce process heater energy requirements without significant cost increase. The key project targets were NOx emissions of 10 ppm (@ 3% O2), and a heater thermal efficiency of 95 percent. The ultra low NOx burner was developed through a series of pilot-scale and field tests combined with computational fluid dynamic modeling to arrive at simultaneous low emissions and suitable flame shape and stability. Pilot scale tests were run at TIAX, at the 2 MMBtu/hr scale, and at Callidus at 8 MMBtu/hr. The full scale burner was installed on a 14 burner atmospheric pipestill furnace at an ExxonMobil refinery. A variety of burner configurations, gas tips and flame stabilizers were tested to determine the lowest emissions with acceptable flame shape and stability. The resulting NOx emissions were 22 ppm on average. Starting in 2001, Callidus commercialized the original ultra low NOx burner and made subsequent design improvements in a series of commercial burners evolving from the original concept and/or development. Emissions in the field with the ultra low-NOx burner over a broad spectrum of heater applications have varied from 5 ppm to 30 ppm depending on heater geometry, heater service, fuel and firing capacity. To date, 1550 of the original burners, and 2500 of subsequent generation burners have been sold by Callidus. The advanced heater design was developed by parametric evaluations of a variety of furnace and combustion air preheater configurations and technologies for enhancing convective and radiative heat transfer. The design evolution relied heavily on computational fluid dynamic predictions of design alternatives. The final design features modular separate radiant cells, each with one and two-side fired vertical tubes. The convection section configuration is vertical tube banks enclosed in the radiant channels. Commercial modular plate air preheaters are used. The predicted performance for the integrated advanced heater and Callidus burner is 95 percent efficiency with 9 ppm NOx emissions firing natural gas, and 12 ppm firing refinery gas. The total erected cost is less than a conventional heater with combustion air preheat.
Mason, Howard; Boral, Anindya; Chhotray, San; Martin, Matthew
Force-velocity relations for multiple-molecular-motor transport
A transition rate model of cargo transport by $N$ molecular motors is proposed. Under the assumption of steady state, the force-velocity curve of multi-motor system can be derived from the force-velocity curve of single motor. Our work shows, in the case of low load, the velocity of multi-motor system can decrease or increase with increasing motor number, which is dependent on the single motor force-velocity curve. And most commonly, the velocity decreases. This gives a possible explanation to some recent
Ziqing Wang; Ming Li
Energy Efficiency and Reliability in Wireless Biomedical Implant Systems
The use of wireless implant technology requires correct delivery of the vital physiological signs of the patient along with the energy management in power-constrained devices. Toward these goals, we present an augmentation protocol for the physical layer of the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) with focus on the energy efficiency of deployed devices over the MICS frequency band. The present protocol uses the rateless code with the Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation scheme to overcome the reliability and power cost concerns in tiny implantable sensors due to the considerable attenuation of propagated signals across the human body. In addition, the protocol allows a fast start-up time for the transceiver circuitry. The main advantage of using rateless codes is to provide an inherent adaptive duty-cycling for power management, due to the flexibility of the rateless code rate. Analytical results demonstrate that an 80% energy saving is achievable with the proposed protocol when compared to the IE...
Abouei, Jamshid; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N; Pasupathy, Subbarayan
Nutrient use efficiency in bioenergy cropping systems: Critical research questions
x giganteus. Biomass Bioenergy 12:21-24. Christian, D.G. ,for-biofuels systems. Biomass Bioenergy Gentry, L.E. , F.E.cynosuroides. Biomass Bioenergy 12:419-428. Brejda, J.J.
Brouder, Sylvie; Volenec, Jeffrey J; Turco, Ronald; Smith, Douglas R; Ejeta, Gebisa
Energy Aware Paradigm for Energy Efficient ICT: a Systemic Approach Sergio Ricciardi
Energy Aware Paradigm for Energy Efficient ICT: a Systemic Approach Sergio Ricciardi Technical) Jordi Girona 3 08034 Barcelona, Spain +34 93 4016982 email@example.com ABSTRACT Energy is imposing as the new constraint in the ICT sector and the problem of energy efficient in ICT has consequently arisen
Politècnica de Catalunya, Universitat
Self-Adjustable Trust-Based Energy Efficient Routing for Smart Grid Systems
Smart Grid is the trend of next generation electrical power system which makes the power grid intelligent and energy efficient. It requires high level of network reliability to support two-way communication among electrical services, electrical units ... Keywords: Smart Grid, wireless mesh network, trust-based geographical routing, vulnearabilities and attacks, energy efficiency
Ming Xiang; Quan Bai; William Liu
Efficiency of a hybrid-type plasma-assisted fuel reformation system
The major advantages of a new plasma-assisted fuel reformation system are its cost effectiveness and technical efficiency. Applied Plasma Technologies has proposed its new highly efficient hybrid-type plasma-assisted system for organic fuel combustion and gasification. The system operates as a multimode multipurpose reactor in a wide range of plasma feedstock gases and turndown ratios. This system also has convenient and simultaneous feeding of several reagents in the reaction zone such as liquid fuels, coal, steam, and air. A special methodology has been developed for such a system in terms of heat balance evaluation and optimization. This methodology considers all existing and possible energy streams, which could influence the system's efficiency. The developed hybrid-type plasma system could be suitable for combustion applications, mobile and autonomous small- to mid-size liquid fuel and coal gasification modules, hydrogen-rich gas generators, waste-processing facilities, and plasma chemical reactors.
Matveev, I.B.; Serbin, S.I.; Lux, S.M. [Applied Plasma Technologies, Mclean, VA (USA)
Sensorless Speed Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM)
An interesting alternative for today's high efficiency variable speed drives is the Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor drive, which belongs to the family of brushless synchronous AC motor drives. Generally, the reluctance torque of this motor is significant compared to the Permanent Magnet electrical torque. The advantage of increased reluctance torque is the decreased need of expensive permanent magnet (PM) material, which makes this solution thus cheaper than the respective permanent magnet motor. Also due to its synchronous operation, sensorless rotational control is possible along with higher power factor and better efficiency compared to the induction motor (IM). Therefore, this thesis first deals with the implementation of a vector control strategy for speed control of the PMa-synRM motor that can be applied to a washing machine application. The machine is supplied by a current controlled voltage source PWM inverter to control the instantaneous stator currents which are decided by the reference speed. Secondly, the thesis focuses on the sensorless speed operation of the PMa-SynRM to take advantage of the lower costs as well as increased system reliability which otherwise is not possible using the delicate speed or position sensors. The concept involves estimation of the rotor speed and/or position. There are several speed estimation techniques proposed by researchers and among them the observer based technique is proven and commonly used in the industry. The only requirements of the observer system are a very fast signal processor, specialized and optimized to perform complex mathematical calculations. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control techniques are verified using the experimental results, implemented using the Texas Instruments TMS320F2812 eZDSP controller board and the overall motor drive system in the laboratory.
Chakali, Anil K.
Motor torque compensation of an induction electric motor by ...
Motor torque compensation of an induction electric motor by adjusting a slip command during periods of supposed change in motor temperature United States Patent
Starter systems designed for efficient air/gas comsumption
This paper examines engine starting systems designed by Pow-R-Quik. Pow-R-Quik's most recent product line includes several models that are designed to start most diesel and natural gas engines. Pow-R-Quick also offers air starting systems for a wide range of gas turbine applications. The model DS16, air or gas starter, is designed for engines with a displacement up to 500 cid diesel and up to 1000 cid natural gas. The DS60 model is also an air or gas operated starter with specially designed heavy duty bearings for maximum performance. To prove out starter durability and performance, Pow-R-Quik has installed three fully instrumented diesel engine test cells. The number of starts that can be achieved ranges from zero to 99,000. The system can be set to regulate the air for low or high pressure starts, control the lubricant, etc.
High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP
April 15. 2013 | Singh April 15. 2013 | Singh * Thermal modeling will be conducted to establish the benefits of using a high thermal conducting graphite foams in conjunction with PCM and to develop a design for a laboratory scale prototype. * Variety of characterizations will be carried out to qualify the materials (PCMs, alloys, coatings) for the prototype construction. * Process to infiltrate selected PCM into the foam will be developed. * Using the appropriate brazing/joining techniques, prototype will be assembled. * Performance testing of the TES system prototype to ensure a full- scale system will meet the SunShot goals. * Complete cost analysis of the proposed TES system * Complete laboratory scale prototype design * Develop SiC coating using polycarbosilanes for graphite
Demodulation circuit for AC motor current spectral analysis
A motor current analysis method for the remote, noninvasive inspection of electric motor-operated systems. Synchronous amplitude demodulation and phase demodulation circuits are used singly and in combination along with a frequency analyzer to produce improved spectral analysis of load-induced frequencies present in the electric current flowing in a motor-driven system.
Hendrix, Donald E. (Oak Ridge, TN); Smith, Stephen F. (Knoxville, TN)
Dynamical systems in nanophotonics: From energy efficient modulators to light forces and optomechanics
We demonstrate novel device concepts based on rigorous design of the dynamics of resonant nanophotonic systems, such as dispersionless resonant switches and energy-efficient mo-dulator architectures, slow-light cells, and ...
Kaertner, Franz X.
Harnessing waste heat and reducing wasted lighting : three mechanical structures for efficient energy systems
This thesis presents three mechanical structures designed for efficient energy systems. In [3], Cooley presents a modification of a fluorescent lamp which allows it to detect nearby occupants and dim itself automatically. ...
Stronger, Brad A
Open source tool for energy saving and efficient system management
In order to improve power quality (PQ) techniques, efforts are made to develop smart sensors that can report near real-time data. Proprietary software and hardware on dedicated computers or servers processes these data and shows relevant information ... Keywords: arm architecture, embedded systems, energy saving optimization, power quality optimization
Consolaci�n Gil; Pedro S�nchez; Francisco G. Montoya; Antonio L. M�rquez
Energy Efficient Free Cooling System for Data Centers
A data center is a facility used to keep computer related equipments. It is estimated that heat production rate of the data center is doubled in every two years and hence the inevitability of the cooling system gets increased. In due course power consumption ... Keywords: Performance ratio, Water Economizer, Air Economizer, Energy Consumption, Data Center
Christy Sujatha D.; Satheesh Abimannan
Commercial high efficiency dehumidification systems using heat pipes
An improved heat pipe design using separately connected two-section one-way flow heat pipes with internal microgrooves instead of wicks is described. This design is now commercially available for use to increase the dehumidification capacity of air conditioning systems. The design also includes a method of introducing fresh air into buildings while recovering heat and controlling the humidity of the incoming air. Included are applications and case studies, load calculations and technical data, and installation, operation, and maintenance information.
Program to develop improved downhole drilling motors. Semiannual report
The following are described: the history of turbodrill development, positive displacement motor development, the theory of turbodrills, the theory of positive displacement motors, basic motor components, forces on thrust bearings, thrust bearing design, radial bearing design, rotary seal design, sealed lubrication system, lubricants, and project status. Included in appendices are materials on high-temperature lubricants and a progress report on the design of downhole motor seal, bearing, and lubrication test systems. (MHR)
Maurer, W.C.
Increasing the energetic efficiency in producing of electric and thermal power in thermal power plants by using of variable speed
In this work is presenting a theoretical analysis and an experimental application of the energetic efficiency increase by using of variable-speed AC electric drive systems in a thermal power plant that produces electric and thermal power. Are presented ... Keywords: asynchronous motor, district heating system, energetic efficiency, harmonic distorsion generated by adjustable speed drives, pumping station, static frequency converter, testing
Sorin Ioan Deaconu; Gabriel Nicolae Popa; Iosif Popa
Personal Comfort Systems: Cooling/Heating Local Body Parts Efficient Ways
Personal Comfort Systems: Cooling/Heating Local Body Parts Efficient Ways Personal Comfort Systems: Cooling/Heating Local Body Parts Efficient Ways to Provide Comfort Indoors Speaker(s): Hui Zhang Date: October 9, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Rongxin Yin This presentation describes energy efficient approaches to provide comfort in offices by creating non-uniform and transient thermal environments. The presentation will describe 1) distributions and characteristics of thermoreceptors of human body, 2) comfort responses of people exposed to complex thermal environments, 3) concept of "alliesthesia", 4) personal comfort systems developed by CBE, 5) their energy efficiency and demand response potential, and 6) the CBE advanced thermal comfort model. A recording of this seminar is available at: https://vimeo.com/51536661
Improving the Water Efficiency of Cooling Production System
For most of the time, cooling towers (CTs) of cooling systems operate under partial load conditions and by regulating the air circulation with a variable frequency drive (VFD), significant reduction in the fan power can be achieved. In Kuwait and other counties of Arabian Peninsula, reduced airflow can lead to reduction in water consumption as well, since during the summer season, the dry bulb temperature of the ambient air is higher than the incoming hot water temperature, and the air undergoes sensible cooling. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted in the Avenues mall, Kuwait. Initially, the CTs operated only at high speed, and on a typical summer day nearly one fourth of the make-up water was used for self cooling of air. The study based on measured data revealed that the use of VFD can reduce the water wastage for self-cooling of air by as much as 75% and overall water consumption by 18.6% while keeping the cooling system performance at design level.
Maheshwari, G.; Al-Hadban, Y.; Al-Taqi, H. H.; Alasseri, R.
In Phase IIA of this project, CeraMem has further developed and scaled up ceramic HEPA filters that are appropriate for use on filtration of vent gas from HLW tanks at DOE sites around the country. This work included procuring recrystallized SiC monoliths, developing membrane and cement materials, and defining a manufacturing process for the production of prototype full sizes HEPA filters. CeraMem has demonstrated that prototype full size filters can be manufactured by producing 9 full size filters that passed DOP aerosol testing at the Oak Ridge Filter Test Facility. One of these filters was supplied to the Savannah River Technical Center (SRTC) for process tests using simulated HLW tank waste. SRTC has reported that the filter was regenerable (with some increase in pressure drop) and that the filter retained its HEPA retention capability. CeraMem has also developed a Regenerable HEPA Filter System (RHFS) design and acceptance test plan that was reviewed by DOE personnel. The design and acceptance test plan form the basis of the system proposal for follow-on work in Phase IIB of this project.
Bruce Bishop; Robert Goldsmith; Karsten Nielsen; Phillip Paquette
Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Small Transit Systems; A Case Study of the Miami Metro Bus Service.
??In the recent past there has been an emphasis on energy and fuel efficiency in transit systems across the United States. Transit systems continue to� (more)
Kazungu, Conny Sidi
A transfer pump is described which is used in a waste tank for transferring high-level radioactive liquid waste from a waste tank and having a column assembly, a canned electric motor means, and an impeller assembly with an upper impeller and a lower impeller connected to a shaft of a rotor assembly. The column assembly locates a motor housing with the electric motor means adjacent to the impeller assembly which creates an hydraulic head, and which forces the liquid waste, into the motor housing to cool the electric motor means and to cool and/or lubricate the radial and thrust bearing assemblies. Hard-on-hard bearing surfaces of the bearing assemblies and a ring assembly between the upper impeller and electric motor means grind large particles in the liquid waste flow. Slots in the static bearing member of the radial bearing assemblies further grind down the solid waste particles so that only particles smaller than the clearances in the system can pass there through, thereby resisting damage to and the interruption of the operation of the transfer pump. The column assembly is modular so that sections can be easily assembled, disassembled and/or removed. A second embodiment employs a stator jacket which provides an alternate means for cooling the electric motor means and lubricating and/or cooling the bearing assemblies, and a third embodiment employs a variable level suction device which allows liquid waste to be drawn into the transfer pump from varying and discrete levels in the waste tank. 17 figs.
Guardiani, R.F.; Pollick, R.D.; Nyilas, C.P.; Denmeade, T.J.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 34, NO. 1, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1998 117 Comparison of Induction Motor Field
of Induction Motor Field Efficiency Evaluation Methods John S. Hsu, Senior Member, IEEE, John D. Kueck, Senior Abstract-- Unlike testing motor efficiency in a laboratory, certain methods given in IEEE Standard 112 cannot be used for motor efficiency evaluations in the field. For example, it is difficult to load
Tolbert, Leon M.
Copper in the Rotor for Lighter, Longer Lasting Motors
This paper reviews the advantages of substituting die-cast copper for aluminum in the motor rotor. This advance in motor technology has been long sought by the motor industry but short die life due to the high melting point of copper frustrated attempts to manufacture by pressure die casting. The nickel-base alloy hot die technology developed to solve the manufacturing problem is briefly reviewed. Development work done prior to the present program and commercial motors derived from that work have focused on the increased electrical energy efficiency achievable by using copper with its higher electrical conductivity in the rotor. Performance characteristics of example industrial motors are presented. Modification of the conductor bar shape to control in-rush current and starting torque to accommodate copper in the rotor will be discussed. Modeling by motor manufacturers has shown that by using copper in the rotor, a lighter motor than an aluminum rotor motor at the same efficiency can be built. An example of weight savings calculated for a 15 Hp (11 kW) motor is presented. Data presented here show that motors with copper rotors run cooler. Industry experience shows that cooler operation translates to reduced maintenance costs, improved reliability and longer motor life.
C. Stark; J. G. Cowie; D. T. Peters; E. F. Brush
A Multi-Country Analysis of Lifecycle Emissions From Transportation Fuels and Motor Vehicles
171 Emissions related to the use of lubricating oil by motoruse of lubricating oil by motor vehicles The LEM estimatesoil refining to gasoline), the efficiency of fuel use by motor
Delucchi, Mark
Purchasing a New Energy-Efficient Central Heating System | Department of
Purchasing a New Energy-Efficient Central Heating System Purchasing a New Energy-Efficient Central Heating System Purchasing a New Energy-Efficient Central Heating System October 21, 2008 - 4:00am Addthis John Lippert Energy prices are skyrocketing. According to the Energy Information Administration's October 7, 2008 forecast, heating fuel expenditures for the average household using oil as its primary heating fuel are expected to increase by $449 over last winter. Households using natural gas to heat their homes can expect to pay $155 more this winter, on average, than last year, and those using propane can expect to pay $188 more. Households heating primarily with electricity can expect to pay an average of $89 more. That's a lot of money resulting solely from rising heating expenses. You may long for the "good old days," but when it comes to heating systems,
Decision system based on neural networks to optimize the energy efficiency of a petrochemical plant
The energy efficiency of industrial plants is an important issue in any type of business but particularly in the chemical industry. Not only is it important in order to reduce costs, but also it is necessary even more as a means of reducing the amount ... Keywords: Cost optimization, Crude oil distillation, Data mining, Decision system, Expert system, Neural network, Petrochemical plant
I�igo Monedero; F�lix Biscarri; Carlos Le�n; Juan I. Guerrero; Rocio Gonz�lez; Luis P�rez-Lombard
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS are the build-ing blocks of modern society. Efficient and
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS are the build- ing blocks of modern society. Efficient and safe movement. How- ever, transportation systems by their very nature also affect the environment through operations, construction, and maintenance of transportation facilities, and through the travel behaviors they encourage
Wang, Yuhang
OBSERVE: Occupancy-Based System for Efficient Reduction of HVAC Energy
control conditioning strategies. Using strategies based on sensor network occupancy model predictions, weOBSERVE: Occupancy-Based System for Efficient Reduction of HVAC Energy Varick L. Erickson, Miguel Á Descriptors I.6.5 [Simulation and Modeling]: Model Development; J.7 [Computers In Other Systems]: Command
Impact of the Variable Refrigerant Volume Air Conditioning System on Building Energy Efficiency
The application of the variable refrigerant volume multi-zone air conditioning systems has met with mixed results since the publication of the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the variable refrigerant volume multi-zone air conditioning system, and discusses the advantages of its application.
Zhu, H.
Poster: INPRESS: indoor climate prediction and evaluation system for energy efficiency using sensor networks
Modern buildings include an indoor climate control system, installed and operated to maintain a comfortable environment for the building occupants. However, these climate control systems consume a significant amount of energy due to an inefficient control ... Keywords: energy efficiency, indoor climate, sensor network
Jae Yoon Chong; Jinwook Baek; Sukun Kim
Efficiency of energy transfer in a light-harvesting system under quantum coherence
We investigate the role of quantum coherence in the efficiency of excitation transfer in a ring-hub arrangement of interacting two-level systems, mimicking a light-harvesting antenna connected to a reaction center as it is found in natural photosynthetic systems. By using a quantum jump approach, we demonstrate that in the presence of quantum coherent energy transfer and energetic disorder, the efficiency of excitation transfer from the antenna to the reaction center depends intimately on the quantum superposition properties of the initial state. In particular, we find that efficiency is sensitive to symmetric and asymmetric superposition of states in the basis of localized excitations, indicating that initial state properties can be used as a efficiency control parameter at low temperatures.
Alexandra Olaya-Castro; Chiu Fan Lee; Francesca Fassioli Olsen; Neil F. Johnson
Nanocoatings for High-Efficiency Industrial and Tooling Systems
This industry-driven project was the result of a successful response by Eaton Corporation to a DOE/ITP Program industry call. It consisted of three phases in which ORNL participated. In addition to Eaton Corporation and ORNL (CRADA), the project team included Ames Laboratory, who developed the underlying concept for aluminum-magnesium-boron based nanocomposite coatings [1], and Greenleaf, a small tooling manufacturer in western Pennsylvania. This report focuses on the portion of this work that was conducted by ORNL in a CRADA with Eaton Corporation. A comprehensive final report for the entire effort, which ended in September 2010, has been prepared by Eaton Corporation. Phase I, �Proof of Concept� ran for one year (September 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007) during which the applicability of AlMgB14 single-phase and nanocomposite coatings on hydraulic material coupons and components as well as on tool inserts was demonstrated.. The coating processes used either plasma laser deposition (PLD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD). During Phase I, ORNL conducted laboratory-scale pin-on-disk and reciprocating pin-on-flat tests of coatings produced by PLD and PVD. Non-coated M2 tool steel was used as a baseline for comparison, and the material for the sliding counterface was Type 52100 bearing steel since it simulated the pump materials. Initial tests were run mainly in a commercial hydraulic fluid named Mobil DTE-24, but some tests were later run in a water-glycol mixture as well. A tribosystem analysis was conducted to define the operating conditions of pump components and to help develop simulative tests in Phase II. Phase II, �Coating Process Scale-up� was intended to use scaled-up process to generate prototype parts. This involved both PLD practices at Ames Lab, and a PVD scale-up study at Eaton using its production capable equipment. There was also a limited scale-up study at Greenleaf for the tooling application. ORNL continued to conduct friction and wear tests on process variants and developed tests to better simulate the applications of interest. ORNL also employed existing lubrication models to better understand hydraulic pump frictional behavior and test results. Phase III, �Functional Testing� focused on finalizing the strategy for commercialization of AlMgB14 coatings for both hydraulic and tooling systems. ORNL continued to provide tribology testing and analysis support for hydraulic pump applications. It included both laboratory-scale coupon testing and the analysis of friction and wear data from full component-level tests performed at Eaton Corp. Laboratory-scale tribology test methods are used to characterize the behavior of nanocomposite coatings prior to running them in full-sized hydraulic pumps. This task also includes developing tribosystems analyses, both to provide a better understanding of the performance of coated surfaces in alternate hydraulic fluids, and to help design useful laboratory protocols. Analysis also includes modeling the lubrication conditions and identifying the physical processes by which wear and friction of the contact interface changes over time. This final report summarizes ORNL�s portion of the nanocomposite coatings development effort and presents both generated data and the analyses that were used in the course of this effort.
Blau, P; Qu, J.; Higdon, C. (Eaton Corporation)
Summary of electric vehicle dc motor-controller tests
Available performance data for production motors are usually of marginal value to the electric vehicle designer. To provide at least a partial remedy to this situation, tests of typical dc propulsion motors and controllers were conducted as part of the DOE Electric Vehicle Program. The objectives of this program were to evaluate the differences in the performance of dc motors when operating with chopper-type controllers and when operating on direct current; and to gain an understanding of the interactions between the motor and the controller which cause these differences. Toward this end, motor-controller tests performed by the NASA Lewis Research Center provided some of the first published data that quantified motor efficiency variations for both ripple-free (straight dc) and chopper modes of operation. Test and analysis work at the University of Pittsburgh explored motor-controller relationships in greater depth. And to provide additional data, 3E Vehicles tested two small motors, both on a dynamometer and in a vehicle, and the Eaton Corporation tested larger motors, using sophisticated instrumentation and digital processing techniques. All the motors tested were direct-current types. Of the separately excited types, seven were series wound and two were shunt wound. One self-excited permanent magnet type was also tested. Four of the series wound motors used brush shifting to obtain good commutation. In almost all cases, controller limitations constrained the test envelope so that the full capability of the motors could not be explored.
McBrien, E F; Tryon, H B
High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP High-Efficiency Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP ANL logo Photo of a black and white porous material magnified 50 times by a microscope. Microstructure of the highly thermal conductive foam that will be used for the prototype TES system. Image from ANL Argonne National Laboratory and project partner Ohio Aerospace Institute, under the National Laboratory R&D competitive funding opportunity, will design, develop, and test a prototype high-temperature and high-efficiency thermal energy storage (TES) system with rapid charging and discharging times. By increasing the efficiency of TES systems, this project aims to lower the capital costs of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Approach The research team is developing and evaluating a novel approach for TES at temperatures greater than 700˚C for CSP systems. The approach uses high thermal conductivity and high-porosity graphite foams infiltrated with a phase change material (PCM) to provide TES in the form of latent heat.
Improving the efficiency of residential air-distribution systems in California, Phase 1
This report describes the results of the first phase of a multiyear research project. The project`s goal is to investigate ways to improve the efficiency of air-distribution systems in detached, single-family residences in California. First-year efforts included: A survey of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) contractors in California. A 31-house field study of distribution-system performance based on diagnostic measurements. Development of an integrated air-flow and thermal-simulation tool for investigating residential air-distribution system performance. Highlights of the field results include the following: Building envelopes for houses built after 1979 appear to be approximately 30% tighter. Duct-system tightness showed no apparent improvement in post-1979 houses. Distribution-fan operation added an average of 0.45 air changes per hour (ACH) to the average measured rate of 0.24 ACH. The simulation tool developed is based on DOE-2 for the thermal simulations and on MOVECOMP, an air-flow network simulation model, for the duct/house leakage and flow interactions. The first complete set of simulations performed (for a ranch house in Sacramento) indicated that the overall heating-season efficiency of the duct systems was approximately 65% to 70% and that the overall cooling-season efficiency was between 60% and 75%. The wide range in cooling-season efficiency reflects the difference between systems with attic return ducts and those with crawl-space return ducts, the former being less efficient. The simulations also indicated that the building envelope`s UA-value, a measurement of thermoconductivity, did not have a significant impact on the overall efficiency of the air-distribution system.
Modera, M.; Dickerhoff, D.; Jansky, R.; Smith, B.
Sensitivity of forced air distribution system efficiency to climate, duct location, air leakage and insulation
This study was performed in order to find suitable efficiency and leakage specifications for Energy Star duct systems and provide recommendations on duct insulation specifications. This analysis looks at a typical house, with a selection of duct locations, climates, duct insulation (R-value), and duct leakage. A set of calculations were performed with reduced capacity and airflow to look at the effect of variable capacity systems. This was done to address concerns regarding the increased efficiency of multi-capacity equipment due to good part load performance and how these efficiency gains may be offset by increased duct losses. The duct system efficiencies were calculated using the procedures in proposed ASHRAE Standard 152P ''Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems'' (ASHRAE 1999). This proposed ASHRAE Standard can be used to calculate duct efficiency for both design and seasonal weather conditions. In this report, the seasonal efficiencies are used for most of the analysis because they are the most appropriate for estimating energy consumption in buildings. The effects at peak conditions are examined for changing duct insulation in order to provide preliminary estimates of the potential responses to time of use pricing. The study was performed in two parts. The first part focused on duct leakage and the second part on duct insulation. The HVAC systems in the two parts share many attributes, however, they differ in detail and so are treated separately here. All the calculation results are summarized in tables in the Appendix, and specific results are given in the text.
Walker, Iain
Performance of ground source heat pump system in a near-zerosimulation tool for ground- source heat pump system designflow systems and ground source heat pump systems Abstract
A motor/generator is provided for connecting between a transmission input shaft and an output shaft of a prime mover. The motor/generator may include a motor/generator housing, a stator mounted to the motor/generator housing, a rotor mounted at least partially within the motor/generator housing and rotatable about a rotor rotation axis, and a transmission-shaft coupler drivingly coupled to the rotor. The transmission-shaft coupler may include a clamp, which may include a base attached to the rotor and a plurality of adjustable jaws.
Hickam, Christopher Dale (Glasford, IL)
Energy efficient Phase Change Memory based main memory for future high performance systems
Phase Change Memory (PCM) has recently attracted a lot of attention as a scalable alternative to DRAM for main memory systems. As the need for high-density memory increases, DRAM has proven to be less attractive from the point of view of scaling and ... Keywords: DDR3 commodity DRAM memory system, energy efficient phase change memory, main memory, future high performance systems, energy consumption, latency issues, write energy, write endurance, cache, embedded DRAM
R. A. Bheda; Jason A. Poovey; J. G. Beu; T. M. Conte
Solar tracker motor having a fixed caliper and a translating caliper each with an electromagnetic brake system
Concepts and technologies described herein provide for an accurate and cost-effective method for rotating a solar array disk for tracking the movement of the sun. According to various aspects, a motor includes a fixed caliper and a translating caliper positioned adjacent to one another. Electromagnetically controlled brakes on the translating caliper grip the solar array disk while adjacent, but spaced apart, electromagnets on the fixed caliper and the translating caliper are energized to create an attractive force that pulls the translating caliper with the solar array disk toward the fixed caliper. After reaching the fixed caliper, brakes on the fixed caliper are engaged with the disk, brakes on the translating caliper are released from the disk, and the translating caliper is pushed back to the starting location where the process repeats until the desired rotation is completed.
Rau, Scott James
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Refrigeration Technologies in Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems
With development of absorption refrigeration technology, the cooling requirement can be met using various optional refrigeration technologies in a CCHP system, including compression refrigeration, steam double-effect absorption refrigeration, steam single-effect absorption refrigeration, flue gas absorption refrigeration and hot water absorption refrigeration, etc. As a universal criterion, the COP coefficient cannot reflect the difference in availability of driving energy for different chillers. Exergy efficiency of optional chillers in CCHP system was analyzed and compared, which can be regarded as an important reference criterion in comparison of energy efficiency. Furthermore, a new index, relative electricity saving ratio, was put forward for evaluating end energy efficiency of all kinds of chillers in a CCHP system, which indicates actual energy or electricity saving ratio for different absorption chillers with various parameters in contrast to the reference electricity-driven refrigeration scheme.
Zuo, Z.; Hu, W.
On the Contribution of Compressed Air Systems to Energy Efficiency Targets
On the Contribution of Compressed Air Systems to Energy Efficiency Targets On the Contribution of Compressed Air Systems to Energy Efficiency Targets - A Function-Based Bottom-Up Approach Speaker(s): Patrick Plötz Date: May 4, 2012 - 2:00pm Location: 90-4133 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Sanaee Iyama Achieving current EU energy targets as stipulated in the energy service directive and in the energy strategy for 2020 implies substantial efficiency improvements across a variety of industrial end-uses. The achievable saving potential of an end-use depends considerably on the age structure of the existing stock and on the technology definition, i.e. whether a product approach, an extended product approach or a system-approach is used. Within this context, important ErP studies on air compressors are in preparation. In this paper, we address the possible
Energy Savings with Energy-Efficient HVAC Systems in Commercial Buildings of Hong Kong
Hong Kong has seen a dramatic increase in energy consumption in recent years, particularly electricity use in commercial buildings. The growth of electricity demand in future years is crucial both economically and environmentally. As over half of the electricity in Hong Kong is consumed by commercial buildings, and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) is the largest end-user in such buildings, improving the efficiency of HVAC systems in commercial buildings, is the key measure to take in Hong Kong for sustainable development. In this study, the major factors influencing the electricity use of HVAC systems are studied with the building energy simulation program EnergyPlus, which include chiller efficiency, space cooling temperature, variable vs. constant air flow, fan efficiency, lighting intensity and building envelope. From the analysis of the simulation results, it can be found that substantial energy-saving potential exists through improving the efficiency of HVAC systems in commercial buildings, and a combination of desirable system parameters for energy efficiency of commercial building is proposed.
Yang, J.; Chan, K.; Wu, X.
Macro-modeling and energy efficiency studies of file management in embedded systems with flash memory
Technological advancements in computer hardware and software have made embedded systems highly affordable and widely used. Consumers have ever increasing demands for powerful embedded devices such as cell phones, PDAs and media players. Such complex and feature-rich embedded devices are strictly limited by their battery life- time. Embedded systems typically are diskless and use flash for secondary storage due to their low power, persistent storage and small form factor needs. The energy efficiency of a processor and flash in an embedded system heavily depends on the choice of file system in use. To address this problem, it is necessary to provide sys- tem developers with energy profiles of file system activities and energy efficient file systems. In the first part of the thesis, a macro-model for the CRAMFS file system is established which characterizes the processor and flash energy consumption due to file system calls. This macro-model allows a system developer to estimate the energy consumed by CRAMFS without using an actual power setup. The second part of the thesis examines the effects of using non-volatile memory as a write-behind buffer to improve the energy efficiency of JFFS2. Experimental results show that a 4KB write-behind buffer significantly reduces energy consumption by up to 2-3 times for consecutive small writes. In addition, the write-behind buffer conserves flash space since transient data may never be written to flash.
Goyal, Nitesh
An individual phase winding arrangement having a sixty electrical degree phase belt width for use with a three phase motor armature includes a delta connected phase winding portion and a wye connected phase winding portion. Both the delta and wye connected phase winding portions have a thirty electrical degree phase belt width. The delta and wye connected phase winding portions are each formed from a preselected number of individual coils each formed, in turn, from an unequal number of electrical conductor turns in the approximate ratio of {radical}3. The individual coils of the delta and wye connected phase winding portions may either be connected in series or parallel. This arrangement provides an armature winding for a three phase motor which retains the benefits of the widely known and utilized thirty degree phase belt concept, including improved mmf waveform and fundamental distribution factor, with consequent reduced vibrations and improved efficiency. 4 figs.
Energy Efficiency Challenges in Heating Supply System of Turkmenistan and Potential Solutions
The poor condition and inefficient operation of the existing heat and hot water supply system in Turkmenistan is causing serious economic, social and environmental problems. Yet, the situation may very well change to the worse as increase of energy consumption is projected for near future. The country's commitment to reduce greenhouse gases emissions faces the challenge of ensuring that both the short- and long-term environmental impacts can be minimized while service levels of heat and hot water supply to the population are simultaneously improved. Despite the energy, economic, and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in Turkmenistan, little has been done to eliminate energy waste. Due historic legacy, there is a limited institutional capacity to increase energy efficiency. Achieving energy and environmental goals will require a basic institutional transformation. Gaps in polices and legislation in the area of energy efficiency and the lack capacity and institutional expertise in managing local, regional and national energy efficiency programs have to be addressed.
Zomov, A.; Behnke, R.
Achieving A Long Term Business Impact by Improving the Energy Effectiveness and Reliability of Electric Motors
Over 100,000 electric motors drive the production equipment throughout a large chemical company. The energy-efficiency and reliability of these motors during their entire life have a decided impact on the company's manufacturing costs and production capability. The Corporate Motor Technology Team (CMTT) conceived and led a program to optimize the cost effectiveness and reliability of new motors and developed criteria to determine whether to repair or replace motors that fail. The higher energy efficiency of the electric motors offered by vendors today plays a crucial role in these decisions. The company's current motor specification, procurement, maintenance, repair and replacement practices are vastly improved and consistent across the corporation. The 1995 savings attributed to the higher energy efficiency of over 2000 motors installed the prior year amount to $570,000 and will continue to accrue year after year. So will the savings stemming from lower maintenance cost and reduced downtime.
Whelan, C. D.
can cover the maximum system demand. The similar successfulsized to meet the maximum plant air demand. Few air systems
High Temperature Superconducting Magnets for Efficient Low Energy Beam Transport Systems
Modern ion accelerators and ion implantation systems need very short, highly versatile, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) systems. The need for reliable and continuous operation requires LEBT designs to be simple and robust. The energy efficiency of available high temperature superconductors (HTS), with efficient and simple cryocooler refrigeration, is an additional attraction. Innovative, compact LEBT systems based on solenoids designed and built with high-temperature superconductor will be developed using computer models and prototyped. The parameters will be chosen to make this type of LEBT useful in a variety of ion accelerators, ion implantation systems, cancer therapy synchrotrons, and research accelerators, including the ORNL SNS. The benefits of solenoids made with HTS will be evaluated with analytical and numerical calculations for a two-solenoid configuration, as will be used in the SNS prototype LEBT that will replace the electrostatic one at SNS, and a single solenoid configuration, as was proposed...
Popovic, M; Johnson, R P; Nipper, J H
Human Capacity Building in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy System Maintenance for the Yurok Tribe
From July 2005 to July 2007, the Schatz Energy Research Center (SERC) assisted the Yurok Tribe in the implementation of a program designed to build the Tribe�s own capacity to improve energy efficiency and maintain and repair renewable energy systems in Tribal homes on the Yurok Reservation. Funding for this effort was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy�s Tribal Program under First Steps grant award #DE-FG36-05GO15166. The program�s centerpiece was a house-by-house needs assessment, in which Tribal staff visited and conducted energy audits at over fifty homes. The visits included assessment of household energy efficiency and condition of existing renewable energy systems. Staff also provided energy education to residents, evaluated potential sites for new household renewable energy systems, and performed minor repairs as needed on renewable energy systems.
Engel, R. A.' Zoellick, J J.
Computationally efficient algorithms for location area planning in future cellular systems
Efficient resource utilisation in future cellular systems is related to the control of the signalling load imposed by the location update and paging operations. Important means for controlling this load is the ''proper'' planning of location areas. In ... Keywords: Genetic algorithm paradigm, Simulated annealing, Taboo search
P. Demestichas; N. Georgantas; E. Tzifa; V. Demesticha; M. Striki; M. Kilanioti; M. Theologou
Designing Energy Efficient Communication Runtime Systems for Data Centric Programming Models
The insatiable demand of high performance computing is being driven by the most computationally intensive applications such as computational chemistry, climate modeling, nuclear physics, etc. The last couple of decades have observed a tremendous rise ... Keywords: PGAS, Communication Runtime Systems, Energy Efficiency
Abhinav Vishnu; Shuaiwen Song; Andres Marquez; Kevin Barker; Darren Kerbyson; Kirk Cameron; Pavan Balaji
Charge Migration Efficiency Optimization in Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) Systems
. Experimental results for an HEES system comprising of banks of batteries and supercapacitors demonstrate a migration efficiency improvement up to 51.3%, for su- percapacitor to battery and supercapacitor to supercapacitor charge migration. 1. INTRODUCTION Electrical energy usage changes over time due to the types
Pedram, Massoud
Absorber and emitter for solar thermo-photovoltaic systems to achieve efficiency
Pbs photovoltaic cells," Int. J. Energy Res. 16(6), 481487 (1992). 7. V. Badescu, "ThermodynamicAbsorber and emitter for solar thermo- photovoltaic systems to achieve efficiency exceeding, provides a sharp emissivity peak at the solar cell band-gap while suppressing emission at lower frequencies
Fan, Shanhui
A Taxonomy and Survey of Energy-Efficient Data Centers and Cloud Computing Systems
efficiently · Reduce he transition overhead caused by switching between different power states and VM is independent of clock rates, device usage scenarios and system status, for example, the leakage power, Power Supply... interact with ACPI-compliant OS through AML(ACPI machine Language) · Global states
Lu, Ying
Towards an empirical method of efficiency testing of system parts: A methodological study
Current usability evaluation methods are essentially holistic in nature. However, engineers that apply a component-based software engineering approach might also be interested in understanding the usability of individual parts of an interactive system. ... Keywords: Efficiency, Empirical method, HCI methodology, Log file analysis, Usability evaluation method, Usability testing
Willem-Paul Brinkman; Reinder Haakma; Don G. Bouwhuis
Designing cost-efficient wireless sensor/actuator networks for building control systems
A modern Building Automation System (BAS) aims to enhance the functionality of interactive control strategies leading towards energy efficiency and enhanced user comfort. Typically, it is cheaper to embed the BAS within a Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network ... Keywords: MPC, building energy, co-design, sensor
Alie El-Din Mady; Gregory Provan; Ning Wei
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
On behalf of the Technical Program Committee (TPC), it is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2012 ACM Workshop on Embedded Systems for Energy Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys), in Toronto, Canada. We have what we believe is an exceptional technical ...
George J. Pappas
Designing energy efficient communication runtime systems: a view from PGAS models
As the march to the exascale computing gains momentum, energy consumption of supercomputers has emerged to be the critical roadblock. While architectural innovations are imperative in achieving computing of this scale, it is largely dependent on the ... Keywords: Communication runtime system, DVFS, Energy efficiency, InfiniBand
E2WFQ: an energy efficient fair scheduling policy for wireless systems
As embedded systems are being networked, often wirelessly, an increasingly larger share of their total energy budget is due to the communication. This necessitates the development of power management techniques that address communication subsystems, ... Keywords: energy efficient design, fair scheduling, power management, wireless communications
Vijay Raghunathan; Saurabh Ganeriwal; Curt Schurgers; Mani Srivastava
Energy Efficient Single Stack Exhaust Fan Systems (E3S3F)
This paper first investigates the fan energy performance of a constant air volume exhaust system. Two single stack energy efficient exhaust fan systems (E3S3F) are presented. The E3S3F-I has the static pressure sensor located at the inlet of the exhaust fan. It has been found to consume up to 15% less fan power than conventional constant air volume exhaust systems. The E3S3F-II uses a variable speed device to maintain the static pressure at the entrance of the stack. It consumes up to 60% less fan power than conventional constant volume exhaust systems.
Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Test and Evaluation of a High Efficiency Residential Fuel Cell System
A confluence of industry drivers, including the availability of low-cost natural gas, is creating new market opportunities for natural gas-based distributed generation. Solid oxide fuel cell systems (SOFC) are a potentially attractive option because of their high electrical efficiency (50�60% lower heating value (LHV)). This report documents two years of testing and evaluation of a 1.5 kW SOFC residential system provided by Ceramics Fuel Cell Limited. Tests were conducted in collaboration with ...
Estimate of Technical Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies
exchangers, improved fan blade design and motor efficiency,blade design), which is used in most efficient ceiling fansfans. Sathaye (2012) found that efficient blade design can
Letschert, Virginie
We analyze theoretically the effects of excluded-volume interactions between motors on the dynamics of a cargo driven by multiple motors. The model considered shares many commons with other recently proposed in the literature, with the addition of direct interaction between motors and motor back steps. The cargo is assumed to follow a continuum Langevin dynamics, while individual motors evolve following a Monte Carlo algorithm based on experimentally accessible probabilities for discrete forward and backward jumps, and attachment and detachment rates. The links between cargo and motors are considered as non linear springs. By means of numerical simulations we compute the relevant quantities characterizing the dynamical properties of the system, and we compare the results to those for non interacting motors. We find that interactions lead to quite relevant changes in the force-velocity relation for cargo, with a considerable reduction of the stall force, and cause also a notable decrease of the run length. These effects are mainly due to traffic-like phenomena in the microtubule. The consideration of several parallel tracks for motors reduces such effects. However, we find that for realistic values of the number of motors and the number of tracks, the influence of interactions on the global parameters of transport of cargo are far from being negligible. Our studies provide also an analysis of the relevance of motor back steps on the modeling, and of the influence of different assumptions for the detachment rates. In particular, we discuss these two aspects in connection with the possibility of observing processive back motion of cargo at large load forces.
Sebastian Bouzat; Fernando Falo
Gulf Power - Residential Energy Efficiency EarthCents Program...
conditioners, Clothes Washers, Comprehensive MeasuresWhole Building, DuctAir sealing, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Motor VFDs, Motors, Pool Pumps,...
East Central Energy - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program...
ControlsSensors, Motor VFDs, Motors, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Air Handling Systems, LED Lighting Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy...
Optimization of direct drive induction motors for electric ship propulsion with high speed propellers
Direct drive electric ship propulsion can offer increased flexibility and reduced overall fuel consumption compared to geared mechanical systems [Davis 1987, Doerry 2007]. As a well-established technology, induction motors are a dependable and economical ... Keywords: AC motors, induction motor drives, induction motors, thermal analysis
S. C. Englebretson; J. L. Kirtley, Jr; C. Chryssostomidis
Hybrid vehicle motor alignment
A rotor of an electric motor for a motor vehicle is aligned to an axis of rotation for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine having an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. A locator is provided on the crankshaft, a piloting tool is located radially by the first locator to the crankshaft. A stator of the electric motor is aligned to a second locator provided on the piloting tool. The stator is secured to the engine block. The rotor is aligned to the crankshaft and secured thereto.
Levin, Michael Benjamin (Ann Arbor, MI)
industrial facilities, MotorMaster+ 4.0 contains expanded capabilities for inventory management, maintenance logging, lifecycle costing, savings tracking and trending,...
Electric Motor Tiered Maintenance Program
Electric motor predictive and preventive maintenance guidance has been developed to provide information to help maximize motor reliability and to minimize the need for major motor repairs. However, if all recommendations presented in most guides are followed and applied to all motors, the cost of motor maintenance would be unwieldy and consume more than its share of maintenance budgets.
Colorado Springs Utilities - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program |
Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Colorado Springs Utilities - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Schools Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Home Weatherization Windows, Doors, & Skylights Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Heat Pumps Manufacturing Maximum Rebate Visit website for details Program Info State Colorado Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Windows: $1.40/sq. ft. Lighting: Varies Electronically Commutated Motors: $60/unit Evaporative Cooling Systems: $162.50/ton Belts/Pulleys: $9.50/unit Packaged Terminal AC: $5.90/ton Central AC Unit: Varies Occupancy Sensor: $24.70 The Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) Business Energy and Water Efficiency
Maximal spin and energy conversion efficiency in a symbiotic system of black hole, disk and jet
We study the mass and spin evolution in a symbiotic system consisting of a black hole with magnetosphere and jets, surrounded by a steady-state, thin accretion disk. We analyze how the limiting value of the spin parameter and the conversion efficiency of accreted mass into radiation depend on the interplay of electromagnetic radiation reaction, magnetosphere characteristics and jet cross-section. As a main result, we find that the presence of the jets increases the spin limit (basically obstructing the reverse effect of radiation in the innermost region of the accretion disk) and enhances the energy conversion efficiency.
Kov�cs, Zolt�n; Biermann, Peter L
Photosynthesis is a biological process that involves the highly-efficient transport of energy captured from the sun to a reaction center, where conversion into useful biochemical energy takes place. Even though one can always use a quantum perspective to describe any physical process, since everything follows the laws of Quantum Mechanics, is the use of quantum theory imperative to explain this high efficiency? Making use of the quantum-classical correspondence of electronic energy transfer recently introduced by Eisfeld and Briggs [Phys. Rev. E 85, 046118 (2012)], we show here that the highly-efficient noise-assisted energy transport described by Rebentrost et al. [New J. Phys. 11, 033003 (2009)], and Plenio and Huelga [New J. Phys. 10, 113019 (2008)], as the result of the interplay between the quantum coherent evolution of the photosynthetic system and noise introduced by its surrounding environment, it can be found as well in purely classical systems. The wider scope of applicability of the enhancement of energy transfer assisted by noise might open new ways for developing new technologies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of a myriad of energy transfer systems, from information channels in micro-electronic circuits to long-distance high-voltage electrical lines.
R. de J. Le�n-Montiel; Juan P. Torres
List of Motor VFDs Incentives | Open Energy Information
Motor VFDs Incentives Motor VFDs Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 352 Motor VFDs Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 352) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP (Central and North) - CitySmart Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Schools Boilers Central Air conditioners Chillers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Custom/Others pending approval Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls Furnaces Heat pumps Lighting Lighting Controls/Sensors Motor VFDs Motors Roofs Windows Yes AEP (Central, North and SWEPCO) - Commercial Solutions Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Schools State Government
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 25, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2010 1865 Impact of Energy Efficiency Incentives
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 25, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2010 1865 Impact of Energy Efficiency the implementation of energy efficiency poli- cies on the power distribution sector. To assess the outcome different energy efficiency levels required by the regulator. The results reveal that the introduction
Rudnick, Hugh
Electrical motor/generator drive apparatus and method - Energy ...
The present disclosure includes electrical motor/generator drive systems and methods that significantly reduce inverter direct-current (DC) bus ripple currents and ...
Electric machine for hybrid motor vehicle - Energy Innovation ...
A power system for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electric machine is disclosed. The electric machine has a stator, a permanent magnet ...
ELECTRICAL MOTOR/GENERATOR DRIVE APPARATUS AND METHOD - Energy ...
The present disclosure includes electrical motor/generator drive systems and methods that significantly reduce inverter direct-current (DC) bus ripple ...
Neural correlates underlying motor map plasticity and skilled motor behavior
of neurons within the motor cortex. Physiol Rev, 1975. 55(and S.P. Wise, The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecturedelayed changes of rat motor cortical output representation
Ramanathan, Dhakshin
50 compressed air system energy audits completed by Shanghai50 compressed air system energy audits completed by Shanghaiof compressed air energy audits conducted by the Shanghai
Technology Management Inc. (TMI), teamed with the Ohio Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, has engineered, constructed, and demonstrated a stationary, low power, multi-module solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) prototype system operating on propane and natural gas. Under Phase I, TMI successfully operated two systems in parallel, in conjunction with a single DC-AC inverter and battery bus, and produced net AC electricity. Phase II testing expanded to include alternative and renewable fuels typically available in rural regions of Ohio. The commercial system is expected to have ultra-low pollution, high efficiency, and low noise. The TMI SOFC uses a solid ceramic electrolyte operating at high temperature (800-1000 C) which electrochemically converts gaseous fuels (hydrogen or mixed gases) and oxygen into electricity. The TMI system design oxidizes fuel primarily via electrochemical reactions and uses no burners (which pollute and consume fuel)--resulting in extremely clean exhaust. The use of proprietary sulfur tolerant materials developed by TMI allows system operation without additional fuel pre-processing or sulfur removal. Further, the combination of high operating temperatures and solid state operation increases the potential for higher reliability and efficiencies compared to other types of fuel cells. Applications for the TMI SOFC system cover a wide range of transportation, building, industrial, and military market sectors. A generic technology, fuel cells have the potential to be embodied into multiple products specific to Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) program areas including: Fuel Cells and Microturbines, School Buildings, Transportation, and Bioenergy. This program focused on low power stationary applications using a multi-module system operating on a range of common fuels. By producing clean electricity more efficiently (thus using less fuel), fuel cells have the triple effect of cleaning up the environment, reducing the amount of fuel consumed and, for energy intensive manufacturers, boosting their profits (by reducing energy expenses). Compared to conventional power generation technologies such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and coal plants, fuel cells are extremely clean and more efficient, particularly at smaller scales.
Sara Ward; Michael A. Petrik
List of Motors Incentives | Open Energy Information
Incentives Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 371 Motors Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 371) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP (Central and North) - CitySmart Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Schools Boilers Central Air conditioners Chillers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Custom/Others pending approval Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls Furnaces Heat pumps Lighting Lighting Controls/Sensors Motor VFDs Motors Roofs Windows Yes AEP (Central, North and SWEPCO) - Commercial Solutions Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Schools State Government Tribal Government Boilers
Voltage unbalance effects on induction motor performance
The reliability of electric drives and driven motors depends on the quality of the power supply voltage especially in the critical industrial process. In this work, a theoretical study of the effects of voltage unbalances, sags and swells on induction ... Keywords: efficiency, power losses and derating factor, sags, symmetrical components, voltage unbalance
L. Refoufi; H. Bentarzi; F. Z. Dekhandji
Demonstration of an inductor motor/alternator/flywheel energy storage system. Quarterly progress report No. 1, June 28, 1976--September 28, 1976
Vehicle propulsion concepts utilizing flywheel energy are described. Analyses are presented for sizing an inductor motor/alternator/flywheel for application to a 3000 pound vehicle. Component tradeoffs are included for the inductor motor/alternator drive, the solid state inverter/rectifier, the control circuit, and a composite flywheel. Design specifications for the machine are established and a test plan defined.
Energy Efficiency: The New Holy Grail of Data Management Systems Research
Energy costs are quickly rising in large-scale data centers and are soon projected to overtake the cost of hardware. As a result, data center operators have recently started turning into using more energy-friendly hardware. Despite the growing body of research in power management techniques, there has been little work to date on energy efficiency from a data management software perspective. In this paper, we argue that hardware-only approaches are only part of the solution, and that data management software will be key in optimizing for energy efficiency. We discuss the problems arising from growing energy use in data centers and the trends that point to an increasing set of opportunities for software-level optimizations. Using two simple experiments, we illustrate the potential of such optimizations, and, motivated by these examples, we discuss general approaches for reducing energy waste. Lastly, we point out existing places within database systems that are promising for energy-efficiency optimizations and ...
Harizopoulos, Stavros; Meza, Justin; Ranganathan, Parthasarathy
Advanced Systems of Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE (Smart Grid
Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE (Smart Grid Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name Advanced Systems of Efficient Use of Electrical Energy SURE Country Slovenia Coordinates 46.151241°, 14.995463° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":46.151241,"lon":14.995463,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Extended Constant Power Speed Range of the Brushless DC Motor Through Dual Mode Inverter Control
The trapezoidal back electromotive force (emf) brushless direct current (dc) motor (BDCM) with surface-mounted magnets has high-power density and efficiency especially when rare-earth magnet materials are used. Traction applications, such as electric vehicles, could benefit significantly from the use of such motors. Unfortunately, a practical means for driving the motor over a constant power speed ratio (CPSR) of 5:1 or more has not yet been developed. A key feature of these motors is that they have low internal inductance. The phase advance method is effective in controlling the motor power over such a speed range, but the current at high speed may be several times greater than that required at the base speed. The increase in current during high-speed operation is due to the low motor inductance and the action of the bypass diodes of the inverter. The use of such a control would require increased current rating of the inverter semiconductors and additional cooling for the inverter, where the conduction losses increase proportionally with current, and especially for the motor, where the losses increase with the square of the current. The high current problems of phase advance can be mitigated by adding series inductance; however, this reduces power density, requires significant increase in supply voltage, and leaves the CPSR performance of the system highly sensitive to variations in the available voltage. A new inverter topology and control scheme has been developed that can drive low-inductance BDCMs over the CPSR that would be required in electric vehicle applications. This new controller is called the dual-mode inverter control (DMIC). It is shown that the BDCM has an infinite CPSR when it is driven by the DMIC.
Lawler, J.S.
``You need this done by when?``: Increasing your efficiency with the SAS{reg_sign} system
The SAS Institute publication -- SAS Programming Tips: A Guide to Efficient SAS Processing defines efficiency as ``obtaining more results from fewer computer or human resources.`` While this publication contains many very useful tips, it seems to concentrate mostly on computer efficiency. This paper will focus on ways of increasing your efficiency in developing, writing, and debugging SAS programs, i.e. increasing human efficiency. In my job as a consulting statistician, my programs are usually one-run programs. That is, I develop and test a program, then I run them once to get the results I need, and the program is typically never used again. Even for multiple run jobs, the greatest expense by far is the time used to develop a program, and any CPU/hardware ``expense`` is relatively insignificant. I believe that this is true for most SAS system users and that not enough attention has been given to this aspect of ``cost``. While most of these tips and techniques were developed under the PC platform, nearly all are applicable and useful under all SAS supported platforms. Some of the tips the experienced SAS programmer may already be familiar with, but many should be new and useful to both novice and veteran users.
DeHaan, M.S.
Solid Rocket Motor Acoustic Testing
Acoustic data are often required for the determination of launch and powered flight loads for rocket systems and payloads. Such data are usually acquired during test firings of the solid rocket motors. In the current work, these data were obtained for two tests at a remote test facility where we were visitors. This paper describes the data acquisition and the requirements for working at a remote site, interfacing with the test hosts.
Rogers, J.D.
Stepping motor controller
A stepping motor is microprocessingly controlled by digital circuitry which monitors the output of a shaft encoder adjustably secured to the stepping motor and generates a subsequent stepping pulse only after the preceding step has occurred and a fixed delay has expired. The fixed delay is variable on a real-time basis to provide for smooth and controlled deceleration.
Bourret, Steven C. (Los Alamos, NM); Swansen, James E. (Los Alamos, NM)
A stepping motor is microprocessor controlled by digital circuitry which monitors the output of a shaft encoder adjustably secured to the stepping motor and generates a subsequent stepping pulse only after the preceding step has occurred and a fixed delay has expired. The fixed delay is variable on a real-time basis to provide for smooth and controlled deceleration.
Bourret, S.C.; Swansen, J.E.
Promoting Energy Efficiency in Cement Making: The ENERGY STAR(R) for Industry Program
corporate-wide energy management system. CPCC realized thatcategories: Energy management programs and systems Motor
Masanet, Eric; Worrell, Ernst
Essays on Efficiency of the Farm Credit System and Dynamic Correlations in Fossil Fuel Markets
Markets have always changed in response to either exogenous or endogenous shocks. Many large events have occurred in financial and energy markets the last ten years. This dissertation examines market behavior and volatility in agricultural credit and fossil fuel markets under exogenous and endogenous changes in the last ten years. The efficiency of elements within the United States Farm Credit System, a major agricultural lender in the United States, and the dynamic correlation between coal, oil and natural gas prices, the three major fossil fuels, are examined. The Farm Credit system is a key lender in the U.S. agricultural sector, and its performance can influence the performance of the agricultural sector. However, its efficiency in providing credit to the agricultural sector has not been recently examined. The first essay of the dissertation provides assessments on the performance of elements within the Farm Credit System by measuring their relative efficiency using a stochastic frontier model. The second essay addresses the changes in relationship in coal, oil, and natural gas markets with respect to changes and turbulence in the last decade, which has also not been fully addressed in literature. The updated assessment on the relative performance of entities within the Farm Credit System provides information that the Farm Credit Administration and U.S. policy makers can use in their management of and policy toward the Farm Credit System. The measurement of the changes in fossil fuel markets� relationships provides implications for energy investment, energy portfolio anagement, energy risk management, and energy security. It can also be used as a foundation for structuring forecasting models and other models related to energy markets. The dynamic correlations between coal, oil, and natural gas prices are examined using a dynamic conditional correlation multivariate autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH DCC) model. The estimated results show that the FCS�s five banks and associations with large assets have more efficiently produced credit to the U.S. agricultural sector than smaller sized associations. Management compensation is found to be positively associated with the system�s efficiency. More capital investment and monitoring along with possible consolidation are implied for smaller sized associations to enhance efficiency. On average, the results show that the efficiency of the associations is increasing over time while the average efficiency of the five large banks is more stable. Overall, the associations exhibit a higher variation of efficiency than the five banks. In terms of energy markets the estimates from the MGARCH DCC model indicate significant and changing dynamic correlations and related volatility between the coal, oil, and natural gas prices. The coal price was found to experience more volatility and become more closely related to oil and natural gas prices in recent periods. The natural gas price was found to become more stable and drift away from its historical relationship with oil.
Dang, Trang Phuong Th 1977-
motor | OpenEI
0 0 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142279950 Varnish cache server motor Dataset Summary Description The data included in this submission is United States Department of Transportation (DOT) data up to 1995. The data includes motor-fuel gallonage taxes 1950-1995, motor-fuel use 1919-1995, private and commercial highway use of special fuels, by state 1949-1995, highway use of gasoline, by state 1949-1995, gasohol sales by state, 1980-1992, and estimated use of gasohol, 1993-1995. The data is presented in .xlsx format. Source DOT Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords DOT Fuel highway motor vehicle Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon Motor-fuel gallonage taxes 1950-1995 (xlsx, 37.3 KiB)