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Global Vegetation Indices from the NOAA-7 Meteorological Satellite
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar stereographic maps of "vegetation index" are now being produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The maps are derived from visible and near-infrared data from NOAA's operational polar ...
J. D. Tarpley; S. R. Schneider; R. L. Money
Surface Meteorological Instruments for TWP (SMET) Handbook
The TWP Surface Meteorology station (SMET) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors to obtain 1-minute statistics of surface wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall amount.
Ritsche, MT
NOAA's Sea Surface Temperature Products From Operational Geostationary Satellites
NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has generated sea surface temperature (SST) products from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East (E) and GOES-West (W) on an operational basis ...
Eileen Maturi; Andy Harris; Jon Mittaz; Chris Merchant; Bob Potash; Wen Meng; John Sapper
Universal Frequency Spectra of Surface Meteorological Fluctuations
Statistical characteristics of surface meteorology are examined in terms of frequency spectra. According to a recent work using hourly data over 50 yr in the Antarctic, the frequency spectra have a characteristic shape proportional to two ...
Chikara Tsuchiya; Kaoru Sato; Tomoe Nasuno; Akira T. Noda; Masaki Satoh
ARM Surface Meteorology Systems Instrument Handbook
The ARM Surface Meteorology Systems consist mainly of conventional in situ sensors that obtain a defined "core" set of measurements. The core set of measurements is: Barometric Pressure (kPa), Temperature (°C), Relative Humidity (%), Arithmetic-Averaged Wind Speed (m/s), Vector-Averaged Wind Speed (m/s), and Vector-Averaged Wind Direction (deg).
ARM mobile facility surface meteorology (MET) handbook.
SciTech Connect
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility Surface Meteorology station (MET) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors to obtain 1-min statistics of surface wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), barometric pressure, and rainrate. Additional sensors may be added to or removed from the base set of sensors depending upon the deployment location, climate regime, or programmatic needs. In addition, sensor types may change depending upon the climate regime of the deployment. These changes/additions are noted in Section 3.
Ritsche, M. T.; Environmental Science Division
The NOAA Integrated Surface Irradiance Study (ISIS)—A New Surface Radiation Monitoring Program
This paper describes a new radiation monitoring program, the Integrated Surface Irradiance Study (ISIS), that builds upon and takes over from earlier NOAA networks monitoring components of solar radiation [both the visible component (SOLRAD) and ...
B. B. Hicks; J. J. DeLuisi; D. R. Matt
NASA-Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
NASA-Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy NASA-Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: NASA-Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Agency/Company /Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sector: Energy, Land Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Dataset, Maps Website: eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ NASA-Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Screenshot References: Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy[1] Main Points Over 200 satellite-derived meteorology and solar energy parameters Monthly averaged from 22 years of data Data tables for a particular location Color plots on both global and regional scales Global solar energy data for 1195 ground sites References ↑ "Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy"
The ARM Surface Meteorology Systems consist mainly of conventional in situ sensors that obtain a defined "core" set of measurements. The core set of measurements is: Barometric Pressure (kPa), Temperature (°C), Relative Humidity (%), Arithmetic-Averaged Wind Speed (m/s), Vector-Averaged Wind Speed (m/s), and Vector-Averaged Wind Direction (deg). The sensors that collect the core variables are mounted at the standard heights defined for each variable: • Winds: 10 meters • Temperature and Relative Humidity: 2 meters • Barometric Pressure: 1 meter. Depending upon the geographical location, different models and types of sensors may be used to measure the core variables due to the conditions experienced at those locations. Most sites have additional sensors that measure other variables that are unique to that site or are well suited for the climate of the location but not at others.
New Surface Meteorological Measurements at SGP,
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
NM, March 22 - 26, 2004 NM, March 22 - 26, 2004 1 New Surface Meteorological Measurements at SGP, and Their Use for Assessing Radiosonde Measurement Accuracy L.M. Miloshevich National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado B.M. Lesht and M. Ritche Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois Introduction Several recent ARM investigations have been directed toward characterizing and improving the accuracy of ARM radiosonde water vapor measurements. Tobin et al. (2002) showed that calculating the downwelling and outgoing longwave fluxes with a target accuracy of 1 W m -2 requires knowing the total-column precipitable water vapor (PW) with 2% absolute accuracy and knowing the upper troposphere (UT) water vapor with 10% absolute accuracy. Turner et al. (2003) used an empirical
Meteorological Tower Measurements of a Surface Cold Front
measurements from the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory meteorological research tower are used to describe the structure and physical processes of a strong surface cold front. Analysis reveals that the horizontal gradients in temperature and wind ...
M. A. Shapiro
Complex Quality Assurance of Historical Hourly Surface Airways Meteorological Data
A new complex quality assurance (QA) procedure is developed for historical hourly surface airways meteorological data, recently digitized in a U.S. government–sponsored effort that extends the digital period of record back as early as the late ...
Daniel Y. Graybeal; Arthur T. DeGaetano; Keith L. Eggleston
A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface Processes for Meteorological Models
A parameterization of land surface processes to be included in mesoscale and large-scale meteorological models is presented. The number of parameters has been reduced as much as possible, while attempting to preserve the representation of the ...
J. Noilhan; S. Planton
Estimation of Surface Energy Balance from Radiant Surface Temperature and NOAA AVHRR Sensor Reflectances over Agricultural and Native Vegetation
A model is developed to evaluate surface heat flux densities using the radiant surface temperature and red and near-infrared reflectances from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sensor. Net radiation is calculated from an empirical ...
Huang Xinmei; T. J. Lyons; R. C. G. Smith; J. M. Hacker; P. Schwerdtfeger
Surface and Tower Meteorological Instrumentation at NSA Handbook - January 2006
The Surface and Tower Meteorological Instrumentation at Atqasuk (METTWR2H) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors to measure wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, dew point and humidity mounted on a 10-m tower. It also obtains barometric pressure, visibility, and precipitation data from sensors at or near the base of the tower. In addition, a Chilled Mirror Hygrometer is located at 1 m for comparison purposes. Temperature and relative humidity probes are mounted at 2 m and 5 m on the tower. For more information, see the Surface and Tower Meteorological Instrumentation at Atqasuk Handbook.
MT Ritsche
Improvements to NOAA's Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006)
Observations of sea surface and land–near-surface merged temperature anomalies are used to monitor climate variations and to evaluate climate simulations; therefore, it is important to make analyses of these data as accurate as possible. Analysis ...
Thomas M. Smith; Richard W. Reynolds; Thomas C. Peterson; Jay Lawrimore
An Assessment of Marine Surface Winds from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Numerical Weather Prediction Systems
A method for routinely verifying numerical weather prediction surface marine winds with satellite scatterometer winds is introduced. The marine surface winds from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's operational global and regional numerical ...
Eric W. Schulz; Jeffrey D. Kepert; Diana J. M. Greenslade
A Global 9-yr Biophysical Land Surface Dataset from NOAA AVHRR Data
Global, monthly, 1° by 1° biophysical land surface datasets for 1982–90 were derived from data collected by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 satellites. The AVHRR data are adjusted for sensor ...
S. O. Los; N. H. Pollack; M. T. Parris; G. J. Collatz; C. J. Tucker; P. J. Sellers; C. M. Malmström; R. S. DeFries; L. Bounoua; D. A. Dazlich
ARM Mobile Facility Surface Meteorology Handbook - October 2008
The ARM Mobile Facility Surface Meteorology station (AMF MET) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors to obtain 1-minute statistics of surface wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and rain-rate. Additional sensors may be added to or removed from the base set of sensors depending upon the deployment location, climate regime or programmatic needs. Additionally, sensor types may change depending upon the climate regime of the deployment. These changes/additions are noted in the Deployment Locations and History section.
Evapotranspiration over an Agricultural Region Using a Surface Flux/Temperature Model Based on NOAA-AVHRR Data
The possibility of using infrared surface temperatures from satellites (NOAA, GOES) for inferring daily evaporation and soil moisture distribution over large areas (102 to 105 km2) has been extensively studied during the past few years. The ...
O. Taconet; R. Bernard; D. Vidal-Madjar
Development of a Land Surface Model. Part I: Application in a Mesoscale Meteorological Model
Parameterization of land surface processes and consideration of surface inhomogeneities are very important to mesoscale meteorological modeling applications, especially those that provide information for air quality modeling. To provide crucial, ...
Aijun Xiu; Jonathan E. Pleim
Intercomparison of Aircraft and Surface Buoy Meteorological Data during CODE-1
Intercomparisons of meteorological data—wind speed and direction, surface temperature and surface pressure—were obtained for NCAR Queen Air overflights of four buoys during the CODE-1 experiment. The overflights were at a nominal altitude of 33 ...
Carl A. Friehe; Robert C. Beardsley; Clinton D. Winant; Jerome P. Dean
On the Use of Satellite Data to Infer Surface Fluxes at Meteorological Scales
For numerical meteorological prediction, the determination of energy, momentum and moisture fluxes at the earth's surface requires knowledge of surface properties at a very coarse spatial resolution. A procedure is described for estimating the ...
John C. Price
Global Data on Land Surface Parameters from NOAA AVHRR for Use in Numerical Climate Models
This paper reviews satellite datasets from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer that could be employed in support of numerical climate modeling at regional and global scales. Presently available NOAA operational and research datasets ...
G. Garik Gutman
Climatology of Surface Meteorology, Surface Fluxes, Cloud Fraction, and Radiative Forcing over the Southeast Pacific from Buoy Observations
A 5-yr climatology of the meteorology, including boundary layer cloudiness, for the southeast Pacific region is presented using observations from a buoy located at 20°S, 85°W. The sea surface temperature and surface air temperature exhibit a ...
Virendra P. Ghate; Bruce A. Albrecht; Christopher W. Fairall; Robert A. Weller
Measuring Near-Surface Meteorology over the Ocean from an Array of Surface Moorings in the Subtropical Convergence Zone
An array of five surface moorings was set in the subtropical convergence zone southwest of Bermuda with spacings of 16 to 53 km. Meteorological instrumentation on each of the surface buoys recorded wind velocity, barometric pressure, solar ...
Robert A. Weller; Daniel L. Rudnick; Richard E. Payne; Jerome P. Dean; Nancy J. Pennington; Richard P. Trask
NOAA Data Buoy Office Programs
The NOAA Data Buoy Office (NDBO) buoys provide vital meteorological and oceanographic reports from data-sparse marine areas. To provide a better understanding of the scope and potential of the buoy system, the buoy network, monitoring ...
Glenn D. Hamilton
Surface Weather Analysis at the National Meteorological Center: Current Procedures and Future Plans
The preparation of surface weather analyses at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) is currently under review. The availability of advanced graphics workstations and consideration of revisions to conceptual models of cyclogenesis and frontal ...
Paul J. Kocin; David A. Olson; Arthur C. Wick; Robert D. Harner
A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models
Ecoclimap, a new complete surface parameter global dataset at a 1-km resolution, is presented. It is intended to be used to initialize the soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATs) in meteorological and climate models (at all horizontal ...
Valéry Masson; Jean-Louis Champeaux; Fabrice Chauvin; Christelle Meriguet; Roselyne Lacaze
A Study of Rainfall Interception Using a 1And Surface Parameterization for Mesoscale Meteorological Models
Rainfall interception by vegetation canopies is studied using a parameterization of land surface Processes for mesoscale meteorological models. The interception scheme allows for a single vegetation canopy, and manages interception through a ...
Jean-François Mahfouf; Bruno Jacquemin
Effects of the Choice of Meteorological Data on a Radiation Model Simulation of the NOAA Technique for Estimating Outgoing Longwave Radiation from Satellite Radiance Observations
The technique used by NOAA to estimate the outgoing longwave flux from 10 ?m window radiance observations has been reexamined because the data that result from the application of the empirically determined regression equation are systematically ...
Robert G. Ellingson; David J. Yanuk; Arnold Gruber
Estimation of Land Surface Heat Fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau Using GMS Data
A Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) originally developed for the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer was applied to Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)-5 Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer data that were supplemented with ...
Yuichiro Oku; Hirohiko Ishikawa; Zhongbo Su
A Parameterization for Longwave Surface Radiation from Sun-Synchronous Satellite Data
A parameterization has been developed for computing downward, upward, and net longwave radiation at the earth's surface using meteorological data from NOAA's operational sun-synchronous satellites. The parameterization was developed using a ...
Shashi K. Gupta
Impacts of Mesonet Observations on Meteorological Surface Analyses
Given the heterogeneous equipment, maintenance and reporting practices, and siting of surface observing stations, subjective decisions that depend on the application tend to be made to use some observations and to avoid others. This research ...
Daniel P. Tyndall; John D. Horel
Meteorological Variability and the Annual Surface Pressure Cycle on Mars
It is commonly admitted that the seasonal surface pressure cycle, observed on Mars by the two Viking landers, is due to condensation and sublimation of the atmospheric carbon dioxide in the polar caps. A three Martian year numerical simulation ...
Frédéric Hourdin; Phu Le Van; François Forget; Olivier Talagrand
Analyzed Surface Meteorological Fields over the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico for 1992–94: Mean, Seasonal, and Monthly Patterns
The primary objective of this work is to formulate surface meteorological fields over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico for the period from April 1992 through November 1994 useful for the study of mesoscale processes and for model forcing of the ...
Wensu Wang; Worth D. Nowlin Jr.; Robert O. Reid
Validation of GOES-Derived Surface Radiation Using NOAA's Physical Retrieval Method
This report was part of a multiyear collaboration with the University of Wisconsin and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to produce high-quality, satellite-based, solar resource datasets for the United States. High-quality, solar resource assessment accelerates technology deployment by making a positive impact on decision making and reducing uncertainty in investment decisions. Satellite-based solar resource datasets are used as a primary source in solar resource assessment. This is mainly because satellites provide larger areal coverage and longer periods of record than ground-based measurements. With the advent of newer satellites with increased information content and faster computers that can process increasingly higher data volumes, methods that were considered too computationally intensive are now feasible. One class of sophisticated methods for retrieving solar resource information from satellites is a two-step, physics-based method that computes cloud properties and uses the information in a radiative transfer model to compute solar radiation. This method has the advantage of adding additional information as satellites with newer channels come on board. This report evaluates the two-step method developed at NOAA and adapted for solar resource assessment for renewable energy with the goal of identifying areas that can be improved in the future.
Habte, A.; Sengupta, M.; Wilcox, S.
The Intensity Forecasting Experiment: A NOAA Multiyear Field Program for Improving Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts
In 2005, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD), part of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, began a multiyear experiment called the Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX). By emphasizing a partnership among NOAA's HRD, ...
Robert Rogers; Sim Aberson; Michael Black; Peter Black; Joe Cione; Peter Dodge; John Gamache; John Kaplan; Mark Powell; Jason Dunion; Eric Uhlhorn; Nick Shay; Naomi Surgi
Validation of the Surface Energy Balance over the Antarctic Ice Sheets in the U.K. Meteorological Office Unified Climate Model
Surface radiation measurements and other climatological data were used to validate the representation of the surface energy balance over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the U.K. Meteorological Office Unified Climate Model. Model calculations of ...
J. C. King; W. M. Connolley
ARM - Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E): Multi-Frequency Profilers, Surface Meteorology (williams-surfmet)
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
This data was collected by the NOAA 449-MHz and 2.8-GHz profilers in support of the Department of Energy (DOE) and NASA sponsored Mid-latitude Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E). The profiling radars were deployed in Northern Oklahoma at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Mission (ARM) Southern Great Plans (SGP) Central Facility from 22 April through 6 June 2011. NOAA deployed three instruments: a Parsivel disdrometer, a 2.8-GHz profiler, and a 449-MHz profiler. The parasivel provided surface estimates of the raindrop size distribution and is the reference used to absolutely calibrate the 2.8 GHz profiler. The 2.8-GHz profiler provided unattenuated reflectivity profiles of the precipitation. The 449-MHz profiler provided estimates of the vertical air motion during precipitation from near the surface to just below the freezing level. By using the combination of 2.8-GHz and 449-MHz profiler observations, vertical profiles of raindrop size distributions can be retrieved. The profilers are often reference by their frequency band: the 2.8-GHz profiler operates in the S-band and the 449-MHz profiler operates in the UHF band. The raw observations are available as well as calibrated spectra and moments. This document describes how the instruments were deployed, how the data was collected, and the format of the archived data.
Christopher Williams; Mike Jensen
Surface Meteorological Observations in Severe Thunderstorms. Part I: Design Details of TOTO
The TOTO (Totable Tornado Observatory) device was designed as a prototype meteorological measuring instrument for use by severe storm intercept teams. Portions of the instrument evolved from our work in producing "hardened" sensors for use in ...
A. J. Bedard Jr.; C. Ramzy
Surface Meteorology and Air-Sea Fluxes in the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment
A major goal of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) was to achieve significantly more accurate and complete descriptions of the surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial warm pool region. Time series of ...
R. A. Weller; S. P. Anderson
Surface and Tower Meteorological Instrumentation at Barrow (METTWR4H) Handbook
The Barrow meteorology station (BMET) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors mounted at four different heights (2m, 10m, 20m and 40m) on a 40 m tower to obtain profiles of wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, dew point and humidity. It also obtains barometric pressure, visibility and precipitation data from sensors at the base of the tower. Additionally, a Chilled Mirror Hygrometer and an Ultrasonic wind speed sensor are located near the 2m level for comparison purposes.
Surface and Tower Meteorological Instrumentation at Atqasuk (METTWR2H) Handbook
The Atqasuk meteorology station (AMET) uses mainly conventional in situ sensors to measure wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, dew point, and humidity mounted on a 10-m tower. It also obtains barometric pressure, visibility and precipitation data from sensors at or near the base of the tower. In addition, a chilled mirror hygrometer (CMH) is located at 1 m for comparison purposes. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) probes are mounted at 2 m and 5 m on the tower.
A Parameterization of Heterogeneous Land Surfaces for Atmospheric Numerical Models and Its Impact on Regional Meteorology
Natural land surfaces are usually heterogeneous over the resolvable scales considered in atmospheric numerical models. Therefore, model surface parameterizations that assume surface homogeneity may fail to represent the surface forcing ...
R. Avissar; R. A. Pielke
NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Ground-Based and Near-Surface Meteorological Observations
A short-term meteorological database has been developed for the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). This database includes meteorological observations from stations designed and deployed exclusively for CLPX as well as observations available ...
Kelly Elder; Angus Goodbody; Don Cline; Paul Houser; Glen E. Liston; Larry Mahrt; Nick Rutter
NOAA | OpenEI
NOAA NOAA Dataset Summary Description GIS data for offshore wind speed (meters/second). Specified to Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ).Wind resource based on NOAA blended sea winds and monthly wind speed at 30km resolution, using a 0.11 wind sheer to extrapolate 10m - 90m. Annual average >= 10 months of data, no nulls. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords GIS global NOAA NREL offshore wind wind speed Data application/zip icon Download Shapefile (zip, 18.5 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment Please cite NREL and NOAA Rate this dataset Usefulness of the metadata
A Cross-calibrated, Multiplatform Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Product for Meteorological and Oceanographic Applications
The ocean surface wind mediates exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. These air–sea exchange processes are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere, ocean, and wave phenomena on many time and space scales. A cross-calibrated ...
Robert Atlas; Ross N. Hoffman; Joseph Ardizzone; S. Mark Leidner; Juan Carlos Jusem; Deborah K. Smith; Daniel Gombos
Cloud-Base Height Estimates Using a Combination of Meteorological Satellite Imagery and Surface Reports
This paper describes how the combination of a satellite-derived cloud classification with surface observations can improve analysis of cloud-base height. A cloud-base retrieval that combines a cloud classification derived from visible and ...
John M. Forsythe; Thomas H. Vonder Haar; Donald L. Reinke
Assessing Surface–Atmosphere Interactions Using Former Soviet Union Standard Meteorological Network Data. Part I: Method
The turbulent heat fluxes at the soil surface are not observed (or poorly observed) by existing observational systems. This affects the ability to reliably predict the consequences of climate changes on the hydrologic cycle. Therefore, an ...
Pavel Ya Groisman; Eugene L. Genikhovich
Influence of Soil Moisture on Urban Microclimate and Surface-Layer Meteorology in Oklahoma City
The influence of soil moisture on surface-layer atmosphere is examined in this paper by analyzing the outputs of model simulations for different initial soil moisture configurations with particular emphasis on urban microclimate. In addition to a ...
Syed Zahid Husain; Stéphane Bélair; Sylvie Leroyer
Comparison of Meteorological Measurements from Sparse and Dense Surface Observation Networks in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity across Kansas (KS) and Oklahoma (OK) for sparse and dense networks by comparing data from (1) the Surface Meteorological Observing System (SMOS) installations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM; Peppler et al. 2008) Program's Southern Great Plains site and (2) the Oklahoma Mesonet (OKM; McPherson et al. 2007). Given the wealth of observations available from these networks, this study provided the unique opportunity to determine, within a quantifiable statistical limit, an optimal distance between stations deployed for observation of the climatological values of temperature and relative humidity. Average distances between a given station and its closest neighboring station for the ARM SMOS (~ 70 km) and the OKM (~ 30 km; Brotzge and Richardson 2003) networks provided an excellent framework for comparisons of sparse and dense observations (Figure 1). This study further lays groundwork for a future investigation to determine the necessary spacing between observations for initialization of gridded numerical models.
JW Monroe; MT Ritsche; M Franklin; KE Kehoe
Evaluating Cloud Contamination in Clear-Sky MODIS Terra Daytime Land Surface Temperatures Using Ground-Based Meteorology Station Observations
Environment Canada meteorological station hourly sampled air temperatures Tair at four stations in the southwest Yukon were used to identify cloud contamination in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra clear-sky daytime ...
Scott N. Williamson; David S. Hik; John A. Gamon; Jeffrey L. Kavanaugh; Saewan Koh
Results of a Joint NOAA/NASA Sounder Simulation Study
NOAA and NASA have conducted a joint simulation study to compare the retrieval accuracy of atmospheric temperature profiles and surface skin temperature retrieved from HIRS2, the current operational infrared temperature sounder, and AMTS, a ...
N. Phillips; J. Susskind; L. McMillin
NOAA and OAR Approaches to Research Planning
E-Print Network (OSTI)
's Organization #12;NOAA Research NOAA's Organization #12;NOAA Research OAR Organization #12;NOAA Research OAR Organization #12;NOAA Research OAR Organization Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Venkatachalam Ramaswamy 11-15) Can do Program Review & Development Climate Goal OAR HQ Budgeting (FY 10-11) Will do
Comparison of meteorological measurements from sparse and dense surface observational networks in the U.S. southern Great Plains.
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity across Kansas (KS) and Oklahoma (OK) for sparse and dense networks by comparing data from (1) the Surface Meteorological Observing System (SMOS) installations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM; Peppler et al. 2007) Program's Southern Great Plains site and (2) the Oklahoma Mesonet (OKM; McPherson et al. 2007). Given the wealth of observations available from these networks, this study provided the unique opportunity to determine, within a quantifiable statistical limit, an optimal distance between stations deployed for observation of the climatological values of temperature and relative humidity. Average distances between a given station and its closest neighboring station for the ARM SMOS ({approx} 70 km) and the OKM ({approx} 30 km; Brotzge and Richardson 2003) networks provided an excellent framework for comparisons of sparse and dense observations (Figure 1). This study further lays groundwork for a future investigation to determine the necessary spacing between observations for initialization of gridded numerical models. The spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity was examined over KS and OK by comparing observations between station pairs located in three primary domains: (1) a sparse domain in KS, consisting only of ARM SMOS stations; (2) a dense domain centered in northern OK, consisting of both ARM SMOS and OKM stations; and (3) a dense domain centered in central OK, also consisting of both ARM SMOS and OKM stations (Figure 2). In addition, the ARM SMOS stations in OK were utilized to create two secondary sparse domains. Before the observations were compared, quality control (QC) beyond the standard ARM range test was added through implementation of tighter range tests specified by data quality objectives (DQOs). Furthermore, instances of poor-quality data were removed from the data set on the basis of ARM data quality reports (DQRs). Finally, to account for spatial differences in terrain, temperature observations were corrected to mean sea level by using a standard lapse rate of 6.5 C km{sup -1} and the elevation of each observing station. For the comparison, a central station was chosen in each domain. Observations during the time period 2004-2006 from each of the other stations within a respective domain were compared to those from this central station. The Pearson correlation coefficient ({rho}) and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) were the statistics used to quantify the relationship between station pairs. For each domain, the {rho} and RMSD values were plotted against the distance separating each station pair, and a least-squares (LS) regression line was fitted to the values. The regression slopes and intercepts were compared between the various domains. The results of this analysis demonstrated positive correlations between all individual station pairs for both temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the {rho} and RMSD values for both temperature and relative humidity exhibited, in general, a linear relationship with distance from a central station. The calculated slope and intercept values were comparable across most domains, and spatial differences in temperature were smaller than those for relative humidity. The findings suggest that although the sparse networks studied might provide an accurate spatial representation for climatological values of temperature and relative humidity over the specific distances between stations, the relative importance of the temperature and relative humidity observations is a critical consideration in network design.
Monroe, J. W.; Ritsche, M. T.; Franklin, M.; Kehoe, K. E.; Environmental Science Division; Univ.of Oklahoma
NOAA's Ship Tracker | Data.gov
email@example.com Unique Identifier DOC-5576 Public Access Level public Data Dictionary http:shiptracker.noaa.govhelp.html Data Download URL http:shiptracker.noaa.gov...
Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains
According to the 80-year-old Norwegian cyclone model, fronts are pressure troughs, extensions of a mid-latitude cyclone. Thus, a cold frontal passage is evidenced at the surface by a minimum in air pressure and a corresponding wind shift. In addition, decreases in both temperature and humidity also occur. This conceptual model assumes that these changes are nearly coincident in time; however, this is usually not the case. Strict adherence to the model is the basis for the highly subjective single line drawn on a synoptic chart to indicate a front. To evaluate the behavior of meteorological variables with cold frontal passage, data was collected for seven American cities east of the Rocky Mountains, including NMC/NCEP 3-hourly surface analyses and NCDC archived hourly surface observations during three consecutive winters (October 1-March 31). Surface analyses were used to estimate the time of frontal passage. Using these estimates as a guide, the hourly observations were employed to determine the specific hours at which each meteorological variable demonstrated a change that could be conclusively attributed to the frontal passage. The four meteorological variables scrutinized include temperature, moisture (dew point), wind (direction), and pressure. Significance of means tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of the differences between the timing of each pair of variables (temperature vs. wind, dew point vs. pressure, etc.). Statistically significant differences mathematically validate the sequence of the means and suggest the likely repeatability of the sequence. At all locations and for all subsets of fronts, the pressure rise and the wind shift consistently precede the decreases in temperature and dew point. The timing of the pressure rise, however, is nearly indistinguishable from the wind shift, and likewise, there is rarely any significant difference between the decrease in temperature and the decrease in dew point. While all the variables are essentially coincident in time for some fronts, there is a frequent disparity between the pressure rise/wind shift and the temperature/dew point decrease. The data thus suggest a double-boundary frontal zone, a surface pressure trough/wind shift line followed by a temperature/moisture boundary.
Huckaby, Daniel Dale
OpenEI - NOAA
NREL GIS Data: Global NREL GIS Data: Global Offshore Wind http://en.openei.org/datasets/node/869 GIS data for offshore wind speed (meters/second). Specified to Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ).Wind resource based on NOAA blended sea winds and monthly wind speed at 30km resolution, using a 0.11 wind sheer to extrapolate 10m - 90m. Annual average >= 10 months of data, no nulls. License
climate modeling using NOAA's high performance computing abilities; · Expand the Climate Portal through
and Acting NOAA Administrator
30 30 th 9:00-9:30 Welcome * Dr. Kathryn Sullivan, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Acting NOAA Administrator 9:30-10:30 What does Open Data Look Like? This session will provide some case studies of the use of open data to illustrate some of the issues associated with presentation of the data in a way which optimises its usefulness for end-users. It will consider different types of data, guiding principles, and different uses of data, including both research data and national agricultural data-sets. Moderator: * Tim Benton, Champion, UK Global Food Security Programme, UK Speakers: * Johannes Keizer, Team Leader, FAO United Nations, Italy * Dr. Sander Janssen, Wageningen, Netherlands * Dr. Rajeev Varshney, Director, Center of Excellence in Genomics (CEG), ICRISAT, Hyderabad,
Urban Modifications in a Mesoscale Meteorological Model and the Effects on Near-Surface Variables in an Arid Metropolitan Region
A refined land cover classification for the arid Phoenix (Arizona) metropolitan area and some simple modifications to the surface energetics were introduced in the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric ...
Susanne Grossman-Clarke; Joseph A. Zehnder; William L. Stefanov; Yubao Liu; Michael A. Zoldak
ARM - PI Product - ARM-LBNL-NOAA Flask Sampler for Carbon Cycle Gases
ProductsARM-LBNL-NOAA Flask Sampler for Carbon Cycle ProductsARM-LBNL-NOAA Flask Sampler for Carbon Cycle Gases Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send PI Product : ARM-LBNL-NOAA Flask Sampler for Carbon Cycle Gases Site(s) SGP General Description Data from ccg-flasks are sampled at the ARM SGP site and analyzed by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) as part of the NOAA Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network. Surface samples are collected from a 60m tower at the SGP Central Facility, usually once per week on one afternoon. The aircraft samples are collected approximately weekly from a chartered aircraft, and the collection flight path is centered over the tower where the surface samples are collected. Samples are collected by the ARM/LBNL Carbon Project. CO2 flask data contains measurements of CO2
Multidecadal Covariability of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, African Dust, Sahel Rainfall, and Atlantic Hurricanes
, and Atlantic Hurricanes CHUNZAI WANG NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida AMATO T. EVAN Department/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida SANG-KI LEE NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic
Lee, Sang-ki
Assessing Surface–Atmosphere Interactions Using Former Soviet Union Standard Meteorological Network Data. Part II: Cloud and Snow Cover Effects
Groisman and Genikhovich developed a method to obtain direct estimates of surface turbulent heat fluxes. The authors now apply it to the territory of the former Soviet Union using the 3-/6-h data of 257 stations for the past several decades to ...
Pavel Ya Groisman; Eugene L. Genikhovich; Raymond S. Bradley; Boris M. Ilyin
Howard J. Diamond, U.S. GCOS Program Manager, National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Howard J. Diamond, U.S. GCOS Program Manager, National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National and System Development Climate Data Management Tropical Cyclone Data and Information Work Communicating System Program Manager Director, World Data Center for Meteorology Formal NOAA Lead on U.S. climate bi
The Case for a New NOAA Charter
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is not adequately equipped to meet the needs of the future for research, services, and information relating to the natural environment. A restructuring of NOAA is called for, which would ...
Robert G. Fleagle
The NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS)
The following report summarizes the NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS), operated at the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). NPROVS provides ...
Tony Reale; Bomin Sun; Franklin H. Tilley; Michael Pettey
NOAA Watch Web Widgets | Data.gov
NOAA Watch Web Widgets Safety DataTools Apps Challenges Resources Blogs Let's Talk Safety You are here Data.gov Communities Safety Data NOAA Watch Web Widgets Dataset...
NOAA Borehole Data | OpenEI
NOAA Borehole Data NOAA Borehole Data Dataset Summary Description NOAA borehole data with temperatures at different depths. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/borehole/nam.html Source NOAA Date Released April 08th, 2010 (4 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords borehole geothermal NOAA Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon NOAA_borehole_data_4-8-10.xlsx (xlsx, 478.7 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review No Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/about/open-access-climate-data-policy.pdf Rate this dataset Usefulness of the metadata Average vote Your vote Usefulness of the dataset Average vote Your vote Ease of access Average vote Your vote
Complex Quality Control of Meteorological Observations
A survey of the so-called complex quality control (CQC) of meteorological information is presented. The principles of the CQC approach are formulated. The CQC of rawinsonde height and temperature data at mandatory isobaric surfaces is described ...
Lev S. Gandin
Vertical Structure of Precipitation and Related Microphysics Observed by NOAA Profilers and TRMM during NAME 2004
In support of the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) field campaign, NOAA established and maintained a field site about 100 km north of Mazatlán, Mexico, consisting of wind profilers, precipitation profilers, surface upward–downward-...
Christopher R. Williams; Allen B. White; Kenneth S. Gage; F. Martin Ralph
Forecasting in Meteorology
Public weather forecasting heralded the beginning of modern meteorology less than 150 years ago. Since then, meteorology has been largely a forecasting discipline. Thus, forecasting could have easily been used to test and develop hypotheses, ...
C. S. Ramage
www.noaa.gov/climate Proposed Climate Service in NOAA
industry, which in-turn developed new insulation standards for protecting building foundations from frost, September 2010 Climate Service Example: Construction NOAA provides air-freezing data to the home building. This resulted in annual building cost savings of $330 million and energy cost savings of 586,000 megawatt
Partial Support for the Federal Committee for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research
DOE E-link Report Number DOE/ER62778 1999-2012 Please see attached Final Technical Report (size too large to post here). Annual Products Provided to DOE: Federal Plan for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research; National Hurricane Operations Plan; Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference Summary Report. All reports and publications can be found on the OFCM website, www.ofcm.noaa.gov.
Williamson, Samuel P
NOAA's Ship Tracker NOAA's Ship Tracker Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean » Data NOAA's Ship Tracker Dataset Summary Description NOAA's Ship Tracker is a viewer tool developed by the NOS Special Projects Office (SPO) for the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (NOAA OMAO) which shows information about the location, present and past, of NOAA's ships. Ship location and the conditions where the ship was located are maintained on this site for one year. The NOAA fleet ranges from large oceanographic research vessels capable of exploring the world's deepest ocean, to smaller ships responsible for charting the shallow bays and inlets of the United States. The fleet supports a wide range of marine activities including fisheries research, nautical charting, and ocean and climate studies.
NWX-NOAA USEC & ADMIN OFFICES Moderator: Linda Belton
NWX-NOAA USEC & ADMIN OFFICES Moderator: Linda Belton 08-13-13/2:00 pm CT Confirmation # 1496113-NOAA USEC & ADMIN OFFICES Moderator: Linda Belton August 13, 2013 2:00 pm CT Coordinator: Welcome and thank with the Department of Commerce. Administrative NOAA has assigned NOAA's Office of Legislative #12;NWX-NOAA USEC
Meteorological Monitoring Program
The purpose of this technical report is to provide a comprehensive, detailed overview of the meteorological monitoring program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina. The principle function of the program is to provide current, accurate meteorological data as input for calculating the transport and diffusion of any unplanned release of an atmospheric pollutant. The report is recommended for meteorologists, technicians, or any personnel who require an in-depth understanding of the meteorological monitoring program.
Hancock, H.A. Jr. [ed.; Parker, M.J.; Addis, R.P.
The Meteorological Operations Division of the National Meteorological Center
The Meteorological Operations Division of the National Meteorological Center is the primary analysis and forecast facility of the National Weather Service. The division's many products provide guidance to the meteorological community throughout ...
Stephen F. Corfidi; Kenneth E. Comba
NOAA's Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA),...
Energy Ethics Health Law Manufacturing Ocean Research Safety States Supply Chain NOAA's Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA), Atlantic Ocean Data Tools Technical...
NOAA Predicts Mixed Bag of Drought, Flooding and Warm Weather...
NOAA Predicts Mixed Bag of Drought, Flooding and Warm Weather for Spring Print E-mail NOAA 2013 Spring Outlook Map Thursday, March 21, 2013 Featured by NOAA, a member of the U.S....
Women in Meteorology
The names of 927 women who are or have been active in meteorology or closely related fields have been obtained from various sources. Of these women, at least 500 are presently active. An estimated 4–5% of the total number of Ph.D.s in meteorology ...
Margaret A. LeMone; Patricia L. Waukau
Science for Solutions NOAA COASTALOCEAN PROGRAM
Science for Solutions NOAA COASTALOCEAN PROGRAM Decision Analysis Series No. 14 NUTRIENT ENHANCED been established by NOAAYsCoastal Ocean Program (COP) to present documents that contain analytical Analysis Series, please write: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Coastal Ocean Program (NCOP
Jesuits' Contribution to Meteorology
Starting in the middle of the nineteenth century, as part of their scientific tradition, Jesuits founded a considerable number of meteorological observatories throughout the world. In many countries, Jesuits established and maintained the first ...
Agustín Udías
Systems and Meteorology
Meteorological services are expected to function as forecasting agencies, but much of the existing data collection network appears to exist in order to provide a data base for scientific studies. A better definition of the goals of a ...
Rodney Hills; Tom Beer
Visualizing Meteorological Data
The extensive growth in meteorological data over the last several decades is imposing severe strains on the meteorologist's ability to fully exploit the data's ultimate value within the time constraints of forecasting operations. Fortunately, the ...
James A. Schiavone; Thomas V. Papathomas
meteorologic | OpenEI
meteorologic meteorologic Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): A data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. (Purpose): Simulations Source NREL Date Released August 02nd, 2004 (10 years ago) Date Updated November 07th, 2007 (7 years ago) Keywords GEF meteorologic NREL Sri Lanka SWERA TMY UNEP Data application/zip icon Download Data (zip, 2.4 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period 1973 - 2002 License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL) Comment Rate this dataset Usefulness of the metadata Average vote Your vote Usefulness of the dataset Average vote Your vote Ease of access Average vote Your vote Overall rating Average vote Your vote
NWX-NOAA-USEC & ADMIN OFFICES Moderator: Linda Belton
NWX-NOAA-USEC & ADMIN OFFICES Moderator: Linda Belton 07-17-13/2:00 pm CT Confirmation #1496093 for Government-to-Government Consultation with Federally Recognized Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives." NWX-NOAA-USEC and Intergovernmental Affairs, and most recently I've been appointed NOAA's Tribal Liaison. #12;NWX-NOAA-USEC & ADMIN
A new microtelesensor chip for meteorology
A new technology exploiting commercial, micro-sensors developed for atomic force microscopy offers breakthrough capability in high accuracy wireless sensors for meteorological measurements. Historically sensors used in air-borne and buoy-based platforms required compromises in performance to achieve the low-weight and low power requirements of the mobile platforms. Recent innovations in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) provided opportunities to reduce size, weight, and power requirements but each sensor required a specially fabricated device with inherent calibration, repeatability, and traceability problems. This new approach allows identical sensors to be fabricated on the same semiconductor substrate as the conditioning electronics and the telemetry components. Exploiting semiconductor fabrication technology offers the potential to reduce fabrication costs to a few dollars per component. Sensing humidity, temperature and pressure have been demonstrated with plans for meteorological deployment scheduled for later in 1997. Cost, reliability, size, power consumption, and accuracy are key factors in the deployment of advanced meteorological sensor arrays. ORNL is actively integrating the sensing technologies, electronic processing, and telemetry that build a family of sensors with multiple-input capabilities. One of the key elements in ORNL`s sensor technology is coated microcantilever arrays, which form a powerful universal platform for multiple physical and chemical measurements. Telemetry is also being developed to add robust spread-spectrum data transmission capabilities to the necessary signal processing electronics. In collaboration with the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Lab, a chip-level temperature/humidity module with onboard telemetry is slated for demonstration later in 1997. Future additions would include sensors for atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, turbulence measurement, and radiometry.
Manges, W.W.; Smith, S.F.; Britton, C.L. [and others
1606 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY VOLUME 46 Dynamic Surface Interface Exchanges of Mercury: A Review and Compartmentalized Modeling Framework
This paper presents a review of recent natural surface mercury exchange research in the context of a new modeling framework. The literature indicates that the mercury biogeochemical flux is more dynamic than the current models predict, with interacting multimedia storage and processes. Although several natural mercury emissions models have been created and incorporated into air quality models (AQMs), none are coupled with air quality models on a mass balance basis, and all lack the capacity to explain processes that involve the transport of mercury across atmosphere–surface media concentration gradients. Existing natural mercury emission models treat the surface as both an infinite source and infinite sink for emissions and deposition, respectively, and estimate emissions through the following three pathways: soil, vegetation, and surface waters. The use of these three transport pathways, but with compartmentalized surface storage in a surface–vegetation–atmosphere transport (SVAT) resistance model, is suggested. Surface water fluxes will be modeled using a two-film diffusion model coupled to a surface water photochemical model. This updated framework will allow both the parameterization of the transport of mercury across atmosphere– surface media concentration gradients and the accumulation/depletion of mercury in the surface media. However, several key parameters need further experimental verification before the proposed modeling framework can be implemented in an AQM. These include soil organic mercury interactions, bioavailability, cuticular transport of mercury, atmospheric surface compensation points for different vegetation species, and enhanced soil diffusion resulting from pressure perturbations. 1.
Jesse O. Bash; Patricia Bresnahan; David; R. Miller
Meteorology: typical meteorological year data for selected stations in
Brazil from NREL Brazil from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.
Nepal from NREL Nepal from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.
Ethiopia from NREL Ethiopia from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions
Meteorology: typical meteorological data for selected stations in Ghana
data for selected stations in Ghana data for selected stations in Ghana from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations> (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.
China from NREL China from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even
Kenya from NREL Kenya from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.
Comprehensive Hydrostatic Quality Control at the National Meteorological Center
The Comprehensive Hydrostatic Quality Control (CHQC) of rawinsonde data on height and temperature at mandatory isobaric surfaces designed and implemented at the National Meteorological Center in Washington is described in detail. Main principles ...
William G. Collins; Lev S. Gandin
Pantex Plant meteorological monitoring program
The current meteorological monitoring program of the US Department of Energy`s Pantex Plant, Amarillo, Texas, is described in detail. Instrumentation, meteorological data collection and management, and program management are reviewed. In addition, primary contacts are noted for instrumentation, calibration, data processing, and alternative databases. The quality assurance steps implemented during each portion of the meteorological monitoring program are also indicated.
Snyder, S.F.
Bangladesh from NREL Bangladesh from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Each TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. Solar radiation is modeled using the NREL METSTAT model, with surface observed cloud cover being the principal model input. The container file contains one TMY file for each selected station in the region, plus documentation files and a TMY data reader file for use with Microsoft Excel. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not
Albedo of the U.S. Great Plains as Determined from NOAA-9 AVHRR Data
The seasonal variation of surface albedo is derived from NOAA-9 AVHRR observations of the US. Great Plains during the snow-free months of 1986 and 1987. Monthly albedo maps are constructed using a simple model-independent technique which includes ...
G. Gutman; G. Ohring; D. Tarpley; R. Ambroziak
The NOAA-National Geographic Society Waterspout Expedition (1993)
This paper describes afield program conducted by NOAA and the National Geographic Society in late August 1993 near Key West, Florida. The mission of the expedition was to obtain close-up photographic documentation of waterspouts. Using a NOAA ...
Joseph H. Golden; Howard B. Bluestein
Models, Meteorology Services, Environmental Sciences Department
Stony Brook NOAA Model Analyses and Forecasts QPF (precip Days 1- 5) QPF (short range forecast) QPF (medium range forecast) Model data from OKX WFO NOAA Nationwide FCST Map...
Description and Results of the 2003 NIST/NOAA ...
... the NOAA Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (MMHSRP), NIST conducts interlaboratory comparison activities to include ...
NOAA's 1981-2010 U.S. Climate Normals: Monthly Precipitation, Snowfall, and Snow Depth
The 1981-2010 United States Climate Normals released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) include a suite of monthly, seasonal, and annual statistics based on precipitation, ...
Imke Durre; Michael F. Squires; Russell S. Vose; Xungang Yin; Anthony Arguez; Scott Applequist
Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling
1 Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling A NOAA of the NWS's forecast products, even its regional forecast products, are constrained by the limitations of NOAA's global forecast model. Unfortunately, our global forecasts are less accurate than those from
Hamill, Tom
NOAA ARL Monthly Activity Report August 2006
. Asymmetrical Convective Model Version 2 (ACM2) 14. Climate Impact of Regional Air Quality (CIRAQ) 15NOAA ARL Monthly Activity Report August 2006 Richard S. Artz, Acting Director Air Resources Variability and Extremes During the Past 100 Years 6. Hybrid Modeling for Air Quality 7. Global Energy
Evaluation of a Surface/Vegetation Parameterization Using Satellite Measurements of Surface Temperature
This paper compares surface sensible heat flux and soil moisture values derived by inverting two boundary layers models with a surface/vegetation formulation, using surface temperature measurements made from NOAA-7 satellite (the AVHRR) with ...
O. Taconet; T. Carlson; R. Bernard; D. Vidal-Madjar
The ocean 1 provides many health benefits, from low fat, high protein food sources and therapeutic drugs to regulation of global temperature. The ocean also poses many hazards, such as hurricanes, pathogens, animal attacks, toxins and contaminants that can cause loss of life or impair health. The potential impact of these threats is enhanced because more than half of the US population lives along the coast. Even those living inland are not immune to the ocean's effects, as ocean-driven climate patterns have been linked to inland outbreaks of several pathogens. These and other threats are likely to increase with predicted changes in climate. NOAA has multiple programs intended to promote health, but has struggled to define its role in relation to the many other agencies that also have health-related responsibilities. To help NOAA more clearly define its role and actions needed to fulfill that role, the NOAA Science Advisory Board (SAB) established an Oceans and Health Working Group (OHWG) that includes experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, public health, environmental modeling, veterinary science, marine biotechnology, economics, and ocean sciences. The OHWG was charged with identifying opportunities to enhance NOAA's ongoing health-related efforts, including all relationships between the ocean and the physiological well-being of organisms. This report from
unknown authors
Links, Meteorology Services, Environmental Sciences Department
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) (precip Days 1- 5) QPF (short range forecast) QPF (medium range forecast) NOAA Nationwide FCST Map Top of Page Last Modified:...
NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy
have natural or urban influence on the local climate. The SSE data set can augment ground measurement data affected by microclimates. There are parameters for sizing and pointing...
Risř–I–1206(EN) Wind Power Meteorology
Abstract Wind power meteorology has evolved as an applied science, firmly founded on boundary-layer meteorology, but with strong links to climatology and geography. It concerns itself with three main areas: siting of wind turbines, regional wind resource assessment, and short-term prediction of the wind resource. The history, status and perspectives of wind power meteorology are presented, with emphasis on physical considerations and on its practical application. Following a global view of the wind resource, the elements of boundary layer meteorology which are most important for wind energy are reviewed: wind profiles and shear, turbulence and gust, and extreme winds. The data used in wind power meteorology stem mainly from three sources: onsite wind measurements, the synoptic networks, and the re-analysis projects. Wind climate analysis, wind resource estimation and siting further require a detailed description of the topography of the terrain – with respect to the roughness of the surface, near-by obstacles, and orographical features. Finally, the meteorological models used for estimation and prediction of the wind are described; their classification,
Erik L. Petersen; Niels G. Mortensen; Lars L; Jřrgen Hřjstrup; Helmut P. Frank
Meteorological Data Fields "In Perspective"
Perspective display techniques can be applied to meteorological data sets to aid in their interpretation. Examples of a perspective display procedure applied to satellite and aircraft visible and infrared image pairs and to stereo cloud-top ...
A. F. Hasler; H. Pierce; K. R. Morris; J. Dodge
Surface Temperature Observations from AVHRR in FIFE
Observations of the surface radiometric temperature by the AVHRR sensor on board the NOAA-9 satellite during the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment conducted in central Kansas during 1987 are ...
T. J. Schmugge; G. M. Schmidt
The MR: a Meteorological Data Sensing, Recording and Telemetering Package for Use on Moored Buoys
A new meteorological sensing, recording, and telemetering package based on digital data processing techniques has been developed for long-term (6-month) deployments on surface buoys moored in the ocean. Data are recorded on magnetic cassette ...
Richard E. Payne
Thin-Line Detection in Meteorological Radar images Using Wavelet Transforms
The enhancement of thin-line features in meteorological radar reflectivity images is addressed using a wavelet-based analysis. Thin-line features in reflectivity correspond to surface wind convergence lines that can potentially lead to the ...
Carl Hagelberg; Jason Helland
Hydrologic implications of different large-scale meteorological model forcing datasets in mountainous regions
Process-based hydrologic models require extensive meteorological forcing data, including data on precipitation, temperature, shortwave and longwave radiation, humidity, surface pressure and wind speed. Observations of precipitation and temperature ...
Naoki Mizukami; Martyn Clark; Andrew Slater; Levi Brekke; Marketa Elsner; Jeffrey Arnold; Subhrendu Gangopadhyay
Estimating Hourly All-Sky Solar Irradiation Components from Meteorological Data
A new method to calculate hourly direct beam and diffuse irradiation on a horizontal surface using 3-h standard meteorological data is described. Comparisons of computed and observed irradiations are made with hourly data obtained in Carpentras ...
F. Kermel
Meteorological Network Expansion Using Information Decay Concept
A generalized network design methodology was developed by using the basic entropy concept introduced by Shannon in communication engineering. In order to select potential sites for meteorological network expansion purposes, the meteorological ...
Tahir Husain; Mustafa A. Ukayli; Hasin U. Khan
Field Training in Radar Meteorology
The NSF Division of Mesoscale Meteorology and the University of Nevada—Reno (UNR) provided support for a two-week field course at the CSU—CHILL radar during 12—24 May 1991. Ten atmospheric science graduate students and two faculty from the Desert ...
John Hallett; Melanie Wetzel; Steven Rutledge
Meteorological Assessment of Homer's Odyssey
A chronology of the meteorological events described by Homer in the Odyssey following the Achćans' conquest of Troy (ca. 1200 B.C.) is developed. Application of polar front theory to the voyages of six separate fleets as they sailed from Troy ...
Randall S. Cerveny
Automated data system for emergency meteorological response
The Savannah River Plant (SRP) releases small amounts of radioactive nuclides to the atmosphere as a consequence of the production of radioisotopes. The potential for larger accidental releases to the atmosphere also exists, although the probability for most accidents is low. To provide for emergency meteorological response to accidental releases and to conduct research on the transport and diffusion of radioactive nuclides in the routine releases, a series of high-quality meteorological sensors have been located on towers in and about SRP. These towers are equipped with instrumentation to detect and record temperature and wind turbulence. Signals from the meterological sensors are brought by land-line to the SRL Weather Center-Analysis Laboratory (WC-AL). At the WC-AL, a Weather Information and Display (WIND) system has been installed. The WIND system consists of a minicomputer with graphical displays in the WC-AL and also in the emergency operating center (EOC) of SRP. In addition, data are available to the system from standard weather teletype services, which provide both routine surface weather observations and routine upper air wind and temperature observations for the southeastern United States. Should there be an accidental release to the atmosphere, available recorded data and computer codes would allow the calculation and display of the location, time, and downwind concentration of the atmospheric release. These data are made available to decision makers in near real-time to permit rapid decisive action to limit the consequences of such accidental releases. (auth)
Kern, C.D.
Solar Radiation Mapping from NOAA AVHRR Data in Catalonia, Spain
A statistical model is presented for the determination of hourly global solar radiation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA AVHRR) satellite data, which provide wide coverage ...
Henry Flores Tovar; Jose M. Baldasano
The Science of NOAA's Operational Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service
NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) is implementing a short- to long-range Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS). The HEFS addresses the need to quantify uncertainty in hydrologic forecasts for flood risk management, water supply management, ...
Julie Demargne; Limin Wu; Satish Regonda; James Brown; Haksu Lee; Minxue He; Dong-Jun Seo; Robert Hartman; Henry D. Herr; Mark Fresch; John Schaake; Yuejian Zhu
Determination of Moisture From NOAA Polar Orbiting Satellite Sounding Radiances
A method is presented for deducing lower troposphere moisture fields from radiances measured by the operational polar orbiting NOAA satellites. Statistical evaluation of the technique demonstrates the viability of the approach. A case study with ...
Christopher M. Hayden; William L. Smith; Harold M. Woolf
The Status of the NOAA Outgoing Longwave Radiation Data Set
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites have provided over eight years of observations from which estimates of the earth's total longwave emittance can be derived. Changes in satellite instrumentation, orbit, and ...
Arnold Gruber; Arthur F. Krueger
Subscribers to the NOAA Monthly and Seasonal Weather Outlook
The identity and characteristics of users of existing climate predictions (monthly and seasonal) as inputs to decision making am described. Subscribers to the NOAA Climate Analysis Center's Monthly and Seasonal Weather Outlook (MSWO) are surveyed ...
William E. Easterling
Meteorology: typical meteorological year data for selected stations in Cuba
Cuba Cuba from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): A data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems.A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even
Central America from NREL Central America from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): A data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems.A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even
An Empirical Valuation of Meteorological Information
The NOAA/EDIS Center for Environmental Assessment Services conducted a benefit-cost study of its publication on assessments of crop-related weather information for foreign countries. As a background for the investigation, a review was conducted ...
Henry E. Warren; Sharon K. LeDuc
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryJanuary-February 2008 Volume 12, Number 1 Miami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, Florida
, FloridaMiami, Florida AOML is an environmental research laboratory of NOAA's Office of OceanicAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryJanuary-February 2008 Volume 12, Number 1 Miami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami, FloridaMiami
NOAA's 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: Monthly Precipitation, Snowfall, and Snow Depth
The 1981–2010 "U.S. Climate Normals" released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center include a suite of monthly, seasonal, and annual statistics that are based on precipitation, snowfall, and ...
Assimilation of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals
The Workshop on Assimilation of Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) Retrievals was held on 24–26 April 2001 in Camp Springs, Mary-land, at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Science Center. The purpose of the workshop ...
Andrew Harris; Eileen Maturi
Diffuse solar radiation and associated meteorological
Abstract. Solar diffuse radiation data including global radiation, shortwave and longwave balances, net radiation and sunshine hours have been extensively analyzed to study the variation of diffuse radiation with turbidity and cloud discharges appearing in the form of atmospherics over the tropics. Results of surface radiation measurements at Calcutta, Poona, Delhi and Madras are presented together with some meteorological parameters. The monthly values of diffuse radiation and the monthly ratios of diffuse to global solar radiation have been examined, with a special emphasis in relation to the noise level of atmospherics at Calcutta in the very low frequency band. The results exhibit some definite seasonal changes which appear to be in close agreement with one another. 1
Development of a Unified Land Model for Prediction of Surface Hydrology and Land–Atmosphere Interactions
A unified land model (ULM) is described that combines the surface flux parameterizations in the Noah land surface model (used in most of NOAA's coupled weather and climate models) with the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model (Sac; used for ...
Ben Livneh; Pedro J. Restrepo; Dennis P. Lettenmaier
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Open Energy
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Name National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Address 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW Room 5128 Washington, DC 20230 Zip 20230 Phone number (301) 713-4000. Website http://www.noaa.gov/index.html Coordinates 38.892111°, -77.031981° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.892111,"lon":-77.031981,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Meteorology: typical meteorological year data for selected stations in Sri
Sri Sri Lanka from NREL Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): A data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. (Purpose): Simulations (Supplemental Information): A TMY consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. The intended use is for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Because of the selection criteria, these TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY is not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.
Monthly Climatology, Meteorology Services, Environmental Sciences...
Monthly Climatology Snowfall Precipitation Solar Irradiance Max Temperature Min Temperature Mean Temperature Heating Degree-days Cooling Degree-days Meteorological Extremes Long...
Real-Time Guidance Provided by NOAA's Hurricane Research Division to Forecasters during Emily of 1993
The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) is NOAA/s primary component for research on tropical cyclones. In accomplishing research goals, many staff members have developed analysis procedures and forecast models that not only help improve the ...
Robert W. Burpee; Sim D. Aberson; Peter G. Black; Mark DeMaria; James L. Franklin; Joseph S. Griffin; Samuel H. Houston; John Kaplan; Frank D. Marks Jr.; Mark D. Powell; Hugh E. Willoughby; Stephen J. Lord
NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate...
NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate Change Models NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate Change Models September 11, 2008...
Correction of Inertial Navigation with Loran C on NOAA's P-3 Aircraft
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains two Orion WP-3D aircraft based in Miami, Florida, and used for atmospheric and oceanographic research in support of NOAA projects and missions.
Jeffrey M. Masters; James A. Leise
Earth Radiation Budget: Results of Outgoing Longwave Radiation from Nimbus-7, NOAA-9, and ERBS Satellites
Eighteen months of wide field-of-view (WFOV) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 spacecraft have been deconvolved to produce resolution-enhanced flux maps at the top ...
T. Dale Bess; G. Louis Smith
NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase Energy Efficiency at National Marine Sanctuaries NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase Energy...
Operational Aerosol Observations (AEROBS) from AVHRR/3 On Board NOAA-KLM Satellites
Since 1988, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has provided operational aerosol observations (AEROBS) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/2) on board the afternoon NOAA satellites [nominal equator ...
Alexander Ignatov; John Sapper; Stephen Cox; Istvan Laszlo; Nicholas R. Nalli; Katherine B. Kidwell
Appendix J FWS and NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinions
J J FWS and NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinions U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service MMS Cape Wind Energy Project January 2009 Final EIS Appendix J FWS and NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinions Appendix J FWS and NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinions Cape Wind Energy Project January 2009 Final EIS U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service MMS FWS Biological Opinion United States Department of the Interk~r FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE New England Field Office 70 Commercial Street, Suite 300 Concord, New Hampshire 03301-5087 http://www.fws.gov/northeastlnewenglandfieldoffice Re: Final Biological Opinion, Cape Wind Associates, LLC, November 21, 2008 Wind Energy Project, Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts Formal Consultation # 08-F-0323 Mr.
Meteorological Processes Affecting the Transport of Emissions from the Navajo Generating Station to Grand Canyon National Park
During the 1990 Navajo Generating Station (NGS) Winter Visibility Study, a network of surface and upper-air meteorological measurement systems was operated in and around Grand Canyon National Park to investigate atmospheric processes in complex ...
Charles G. Lindsey; Jun Chen; Timothy S. Dye; L. Willard Richards; Donald L. Blumenthal
A Comparison of Meteorological Observations from South Pole Station before and after Installation of a New Instrument Suite
The Amundsen–Scott South Pole surface meteorological instrument suite was upgraded in 2004. To ensure that the new and old instruments were recording similar information, the two suites of instruments ran simultaneously for a year. Statistical ...
L. M. Keller; K. A. Baker; M. A. Lazzara; J. Gallagher
An Analysis of the Accuracy of 120-h Predictions by the National Meteorological Center's Medium-Range Forecast Model
An assessment was made of the 120-h predictions by the medium range forecast (MRF) run of the National Meteorological Center's (NMC's) global spectral model. The ability of the model to forecast surface cyclones and anticyclones was evaluated and ...
Mary A. Bedrick; Anthony J. Cristaldi III; Stephen J. Colucci; Daniel S. Wilks
NOAA'S Hurricane Intensity Forecasting Experiment: A Progress Report
An update of the progress achieved as part of the NOAA Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) is provided. Included is a brief summary of the noteworthy aircraft missions flown in the years since 2005, the first year IFEX flights occurred, as well as a ...
Robert Rogers; Sim Aberson; Altug Aksoy; Bachir Annane; Michael Black; Joseph Cione; Neal Dorst; Jason Dunion; John Gamache; Stan Goldenberg; Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan; John Kaplan; Bradley Klotz; Sylvie Lorsolo; Frank Marks; Shirley Murillo; Mark Powell; Paul Reasor; Kathryn Sellwood; Eric Uhlhorn; Tomislava Vukicevic; Jun Zhang; Xuejin Zhang
NOAA ARL Monthly Activity Report Bruce B. Hicks, Director
Volcanic Ash Meeting 7. SURFRAD. 8. Central UV Calibration Facility (CUCF) 9. Umkehr Ozone Profile 10 recent version of Hysplit was installed on the AFTAC Sun computer system and at their contractor's site and concentration display programs have been revised to handle more complex simulations. email@example.com 4
Global, Seasonal Surface Variations from Satellite Radiance Measurements
Global, daily, visible, and infrared radiance measurements from the NOAA-5 Scanning Radiometer (SR) are analyzed for the months of January, April, July, and October 1977 to infer surface radiative properties A radiative transfer model that ...
William B. Rossow; Christopher L. Brest; Leonid C. Garder
Automated Meteorological Reports from Commercial Aircraft
Commercial aircraft now provide over 130,000 meteorological observations per day, including temperature,winds, and in some cases, humidity, vertical wind gust, or eddy dissipation rate (turbulence). The temperature and wind data are used in most ...
William R. Moninger; Richard D. Mamrosh; Patricia M. Pauley
A Mobile Mesonet for Finescale Meteorological Observations
A mobile weather observing system (mobile mesonet) was designed to augment existing meteorological networks in the study of severe local storms and other mesoscale weather phenomena in conjunction with the Verification of the Origins of Rotation ...
Jerry M. Straka; Erik N. Rasmussen; Sherman E. Fredrickson
Quality Assurance Procedures for Mesoscale Meteorological Data
Mesoscale meteorological data present their own challenges and advantages during the quality assurance (QA) process because of their variability in both space and time. To ensure data quality, it is important to perform quality control at many ...
Christopher A. Fiebrich; Cynthia R. Morgan; Alexandria G. McCombs; Peter K. Hall Jr.; Renee A. McPherson
Artificial Stereo Presentation of Meteorological Data Fields
The innate capability to perceive 3-dimensional stereo imagery has been exploited to present multidimensional meteorological data fields. Variations on an artificial stereo technique first discussed by Pichel et al (1973) are used to display ...
A. F. Hasler; M. desJardins; A. J. Negri
Artificial Skill and Validation in Meteorological Forecasting
The results of a simulation study of multiple regression prediction models for meteorological forecasting are reported. The effects of sample size, amount, and severity of nonrepresentative data in the population, inclusion of noninformative ...
Paul W. Mielke Jr.; Kenneth J. Berry; Christopher W. Landsea; William M. Gray
Meteorological Tracer Techniques for Parameterizing Atmospheric Dispersion
Although tracer materials have been used in atmospheric dispersion studies for decades, basic information about meteorological tracer techniques is scattered among a number of different sources. This paper attempts to pull together this ...
Warren B. Johnson
The National Meteorological Center Regional Analysis System
The National Meteorological Center (NMC) Regional Optimum-Interpolation (ROI) analysis is described. The ROI is the analysis component of the Regional Analysis and Forecast System (RAFS) and is specially designed to provide initial conditions for ...
Geoffrey J. DiMego
World Meteorological Organization | Open Energy Information
World Meteorological Organization World Meteorological Organization Jump to: navigation, search Logo: World Meteorological Organization Name World Meteorological Organization Address 7bis, avenue de la Paix, Case postale 2300, CH-211 Place Geneva, Switzerland Coordinates 46.2038099°, 6.1399589° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":46.2038099,"lon":6.1399589,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
BNL Meteorological Instrument Network Calibration Plan_Rev_0
Procedure ...39 Appendix J Meteorological Instrument Inventory Update and Change Action, Documentation Procedure ......
NOAA's National Marine Sanctuaries Media Library | Data.gov
National Marine Sanctuaries Media Library National Marine Sanctuaries Media Library Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS COLLABORATE ABOUT Agriculture You are here Data.gov » Communities » Agriculture » Data NOAA's National Marine Sanctuaries Media Library Dataset Summary Description NOAA (National Ocean Service) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries' Media Library is an online vault where a comprehensive collection of select video clips and high-resolution still images from America's underwater treasures are securely stored and available for searchable access and download. Tags {ONMS,"Office of National Marine Sanctuaries",MPA,"Marine Protected Area",habitat,fisheries,seafloor,lithology,oceans,"Environmental Monitoring",photos,video,recreation,travel,tourism,"whales,fish",sharks,culture,heritage,birds,science,research,plants,mammals,reptiles,media}
Meteorology Services, Environmental Sciences Department
DIFAX Hourly Surface Map with Composite Radar Enhancement Provided by the University of New York at Albany Top of Page Last Modified: August 20, 2012 Please forward all questions...
Meteorological Observations for Renewable Energy Applications at Site 300
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
In early October 2010, two Laser and Detection Ranging (LIDAR) units (LIDAR-96 and LIDAR-97), a 3 m tall flux tower, and a 3 m tall meteorological tower were installed in the northern section of Site 300 (Figure 1) as a first step in development of a renewable energy testbed facility. This section of the SMS project is aimed at supporting that effort with continuous maintenance of atmospheric monitoring instruments capable of measuring vertical profiles of wind speed and wind direction at heights encountered by future wind power turbines. In addition, fluxes of energy are monitored to estimate atmospheric mixing and its effects on wind flow properties at turbine rotor disk heights. Together, these measurements are critical for providing an accurate wind resource characterization and for validating LLNL atmospheric prediction codes for future renewable energy projects at Site 300. Accurate, high-resolution meteorological measurements of wind flow in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and surface-atmosphere energy exchange are required for understanding the properties and quality of available wind power at Site 300. Wind speeds at heights found in a typical wind turbine rotor disk ({approx} 40-140 m) are driven by the synergistic impacts of atmospheric stability, orography, and land-surface characteristics on the mean wind flow in the PBL and related turbulence structures. This section of the report details the maintenance and labor required in FY11 to optimize the meteorological instruments and ensure high accuracy of their measurements. A detailed look at the observations from FY11 is also presented. This portion of the project met the following milestones: Milestone 1: successful maintenance and data collection of LIDAR and flux tower instruments; Milestone 2: successful installation of solar power for the LIDAR units; and Milestone 3: successful implementation of remote data transmission for the LIDAR units.
Wharton, S; Alai, M; Myers, K
Scott,Abbott,303,497-7022,,email@example.com,National ...
... Satellite Data And Inf Ser,E/GC2 Solar-Terriestrial Physics ... National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration,WS1 National Weather Service,NOAA ...
Sensible Heat Flux Estimated from Routine Meteorological Data by the Resistance Method
A method is described for evaluation of hourly values of the sensible heat flux from routine meteorological data. Use is made of the energy balance at the surface and of the Monteith-Penman formula for estimation of the latent heat flux. The soil ...
R. Berkowicz; L. P. Prahm
Forecasting the Surface Weather Elements with a Local Dynamical-Adaptation Method Using a Variational Technique
A simple method of dynamical adaptation of a mesoscale model has been tested to produce meteorological parameters locally adapted at meteorological stations. This method is based on the use of a soil model in association with a surface boundary-...
Christine Marais; Luc Musson-Genon
Meteorological aspects of siting large wind turbines
This report, which focuses on the meteorological aspects of siting large wind turbines (turbines with a rated output exceeding 100 kW), has four main goals. The first is to outline the elements of a siting strategy that will identify the most favorable wind energy sites in a region and that will provide sufficient wind data to make responsible economic evaluations of the site wind resource possible. The second is to critique and summarize siting techniques that were studied in the Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Program. The third goal is to educate utility technical personnel, engineering consultants, and meteorological consultants (who may have not yet undertaken wind energy consulting) on meteorological phenomena relevant to wind turbine siting in order to enhance dialogues between these groups. The fourth goal is to minimize the chances of failure of early siting programs due to insufficient understanding of wind behavior.
Hiester, T.R.; Pennell, W.T.
Barstow isolation and meteorological data base
A data base containing insolation and meteorological parameters at 15 minute intervals for the entire year of 1976 at Barstow, California has been prepared on computer compatible magnetic tape. The observed insolation values obtained by the Southern California Edison Company and meteorological values obtained by the Federal Aviation Agency which form the data base have been carefully checked for internal consistency. The data tape is written in a modified form of the SOLMET format and is available from The Aerospace Corporation. The data included on the tape, the sources of the data, and any editing performed on the data itself are described in detail.
Randall, C. M.
Meteorological Support at the Savanna River Site
The Department of Energy (DOE) operates many nuclear facilities on large complexes across the United States in support of national defense. The operation of these many and varied facilities and processes require meteorological support for many purposes, including: for routine operations, to respond to severe weather events, such as lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes, to support the emergency response functions in the event of a release of materials to the environment, for engineering baseline and safety documentation, as well as hazards assessments etc. This paper describes a program of meteorological support to the Savannah River Site, a DOE complex located in South Carolina.
Addis, Robert P.
Verification of the NOAA Smoke Forecasting System: Model Sensitivity to the Injection Height
A detailed evaluation of NOAA's Smoke Forecasting System (SFS) is a fundamental part of its development and further refinement. In this work, particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5-?m (PM2.5) concentration levels, simulated ...
Ariel F. Stein; Glenn D. Rolph; Roland R. Draxler; Barbara Stunder; Mark Ruminski
The Operational Implementation of a Great Lakes Wave Forecasting System at NOAA/NCEP
The development of a Great Lakes wave forecasting system at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is described. The system is an implementation of the WAVEWATCH III model, forced with atmospheric data from NCEP's regional WRF ...
Jose-Henrique G. M. Alves; Arun Chawla; Hendrik L. Tolman; David Schwab; Gregory Lang; Greg Mann
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS,
Cooling Phase 3.2.2 Ice Formation and Breakup Phases 3.2.3 The Ice Cycle on Lake Superior 3.2.4 The IceNOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS, WINTER of this NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories publication. ii #12;LANDSAT fake color image of ice cover
Modern Meteorological Computing Resources—the Maryland Experience
The Department of Meteorology at the University of Maryland is developing one of the first computer. systems in meteorology to take advantage of the new networked computer architecture that has been made possible by recent advances in computer ...
George J. Huffman
The 30th International Conference on Radar Meteorology
The 30th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, held in Munich, Germany, 19–24 July 2001, highlighted recent progress in the field of radar meteorology and demonstrated how radar is used in many integrated ways to better understand and ...
Matthias Steiner; Peter F. Meischner
Ambient Sulfate Trends and the Influence of Meteorology
Data on atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate were examined to quantify changes since 1989. Changes in sulfur species were adjusted to account for meteorological variability. Adjustments were made using meteorological variables ...
Stephen F. Mueller
Meteorological and Air Pollution Modeling for an Urban Airport
Preliminary results are presented for numerical experiments modeling meteorology, multiple pollutant sources and nonlinear photochemical reactions for the case of an airport in a large urban area with complex terrain. The meteorological model ...
Paul R. Swan; In Young Lee
Interpreting Meteorological Satellite Images Using a Color-Composite Technique
An image-display technique is described that simultaneously combines three meteorological satellite images into a color-image product. The technique reveals many features of meteorological interest. It is frequently noted that interpretations of ...
Robert P. d'Entremont; Larry W. Thomason
IIth AMS Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) held its 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography at the Monona Terrace Convention Center in Madison, Wisconsin, during 15–18 October 2001. The purpose of the conference, typically held ...
Christopher Velden; Larry Digirolamo; Mary Glackin; Jeffrey Hawkins; Gary Jedlovec; Thomas Lee; Grant Petty; Robert Plante; Anthony Reale; John Zapotocny
Manipulating Large-Scale Qualitative Meteorological Information for Drought Outlook
Despite many strides made in the development of global circulation models as well as the expansive understanding of meteorological phenomena, many countries still lack sufficient meteorological information that can be conveniently utilized for a ...
Kuk-Hyun Ahn; Young-Oh Kim; Sang Jin Ahn
The IMET (Improved Meteorology) Ship and Buoy Systems
The recently developed IMET (improved meteorology) system for ships and buoys and the key elements of the program that led to its development are described. The system improves the ability to measure mean meteorological variables, including wind ...
David S. Hosom; Robert A. Weller; Richard E. Payne; Kenneth E. Prada
Meteorological Twin–Hot-Film Anemometry
A dual-sensor, twin–hot-film anemometer is applied to meteorological measurement of wind velocity in fair and rainy weather. Two sensors, each with a pair of hot-films mounted side by side, were operated in constant-temperature mode and ...
Brian E. Thompson; Robert C. Hassman Jr.
Pioneer: The First American Doctorate in Meteorology
This study examines one aspect of the early history of meteorology as a university discipline in America—the establishment in the late 19th century of a program of research and graduate training at The Johns Hopkins University. The cooperative ...
William A. Koelsch
NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate Change
NOAA Awarded 2.6 NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate Change Models NOAA Awarded 2.6 Million Processor Hours at NERSC to Run Climate Change Models September 11, 2008 WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science will make available more than 10 million hours of computing time for the U.S. Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to explore advanced climate change models at three of DOE's national laboratories as part of a three-year memorandum of understanding on collaborative climate research signed today by the two agencies. NOAA will work with climate change models as well as perform near real-time high-impact (non-production) weather prediction research using computing time on DOE Office of Science resources including two of the world's top
Department of Energy to Provide Supercomputing Time to Run NOAA's Climate
to Provide Supercomputing Time to Run NOAA's to Provide Supercomputing Time to Run NOAA's Climate Change Models Department of Energy to Provide Supercomputing Time to Run NOAA's Climate Change Models September 8, 2008 - 9:45am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science will make available more than 10 million hours of computing time for the U.S. Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to explore advanced climate change models at three of DOE's national laboratories as part of a three-year memorandum of understanding on collaborative climate research signed today by the two agencies. NOAA will work with climate change models as well as perform near real-time high-impact (non-production) weather prediction research using computing
Surface Albedo over the Arctic Ocean Derived from AVHRR and Its Validation with SHEBA Data
A method is presented for retrieving the broadband albedo over the Arctic Ocean using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data obtained from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites. Visible and near-infrared albedos over snow and ice surfaces ...
Xiaozhen Xiong; Knut Stamnes; Dan Lubin
Regional and Seasonal Variations of Surface Reflectance from Satellite Observations at 0.6 ?m
A global series of seasonal visible surface reflectance maps derived from NOAA-5 Scanning Radiometer observations is presented. Methods for isolating clear-sky observations from satellite data are evaluated and the magnitude of atmospheric ...
Elaine Matthews; William B. Rossow
Analysis of spatial distribution in tropospheric and sea surface temperature trends .
??Regional patterns in tropospheric and sea surface temperature (SST) trends are examined for the period 1979 ??01 using MSU, NCEP-NCAR, ECMWF ERA-40 reanalyses, NOAA OI… (more)
Agudelo, Paula A.
Hurricane Surface Wind Measurements from an Operational Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer
For the first time, the NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) flew stepped frequency microwave radiometers (SFMRs) on both WP-3D research aircraft for operational hurricane surface wind speed measurement in 2005. An unprecedented number of major ...
Eric W. Uhlhorn; Peter G. Black; James L. Franklin; Mark Goodberlet; James Carswell; Alan S. Goldstein
Surface Heat Budgets and Sea Surface Temperature in the Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE
The daily mean heat and momentum fluxes at the surface derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and Japan's Geostationary Meteorological Satellite radiance measurements are used to study the temporal and spatial variability of the surface ...
Shu-Hsien Chou; Wenzhong Zhao; Ming-Dah Chou
Surface Radiation from GOES: A Physical Approach; Preprint
Models to compute Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) have been in development over the last 3 decades. These models can be classified as empirical or physical, based on the approach. Empirical models relate ground based observations with satellite measurements and use these relations to compute surface radiation. Physical models consider the radiation received from the earth at the satellite and create retrievals to estimate surface radiation. While empirical methods have been traditionally used for computing surface radiation for the solar energy industry the advent of faster computing has made operational physical models viable. The Global Solar Insolation Project (GSIP) is an operational physical model from NOAA that computes GHI using the visible and infrared channel measurements from the GOES satellites. GSIP uses a two-stage scheme that first retrieves cloud properties and uses those properties in a radiative transfer model to calculate surface radiation. NREL, University of Wisconsin and NOAA have recently collaborated to adapt GSIP to create a 4 km GHI and DNI product every 30 minutes. This paper presents an outline of the methodology and a comprehensive validation using high quality ground based solar data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/surfrad/sitepage.html) and Integrated Surface Insolation Study (ISIS) http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/isis/isissites.html), the Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and Sun Spot One (SS1) stations.
NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy | OpenEI
The Distribution of Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Divergence in Midlatitude Ocean Storms
Surface meteorological observations have been used to calculate the distributions of surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat and the distributions of surface divergence and curl of surface stress which are characteristic of ...
Robert G. Fleagle; Wendell A. Nuss
NOAA Science Advisory Board Environmental Information Services Working Group (EISWG) TERMS OF REFERENCE Background
In 2003 the National Research Council (NRC) conducted a study of the interaction of the various sectors of the weather and climate enterprise on behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This study was entitled "Fair Weather: Effective Partnerships in Weather and Climate Services " (Fair Weather Report) and it examined the roles and provided recommendations regarding the partnerships among three sectors, public, private, and academic. The NRC specifically recommended: "The NWS [National Weather Service] should establish an independent advisory committee to provide ongoing advice to it on weather and climate matters…" In 2004, NOAA issued its "Policy on Partnerships in the Provision of Environmental Information, " which applied to provision of all NOAA environmental information services, with the intent to improve the effectiveness of the "environmental information enterprise " composed of partnerships among public, private, and academic sectors, and defined NOAA's responsibility to foster growth of the environmental information enterprise. After undergoing critical review, the Policy was ultimately revised in January 2006 to clarify NOAA's recognition of the private sector; this clarification also
Comparison of Tropospheric Temperature Derived from the Microwave Sounding Unit and the National Meteorological Center Analysis
The Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) aboard the NOAA series of polar-orbiting satellites (TIROS-N to NOAA-12) have provided stable and precise measurements of vertically integrated atmospheric temperature since December 1978. Comparisons are made ...
Alan N. Basist; Chester F. Ropelewski; Norman C. Grody
Mesoscale meteorological measurements characterizing complex flows
Meteorological measurements are an integral and essential component of any emergency response system for addressing accidental releases from nuclear facilities. An important element of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) program is the refinement and use of state-of-the-art meteorological instrumentation. ASCOT is currently making use of ground-based remote wind sensing instruments such as doppler acoustic sounders (sodars). These instruments are capable of continuously and reliably measuring winds up to several hundred meters above the ground, unattended. Two sodars are currently measuring the winds, as part of ASCOT`s Front Range Study, in the vicinity of DOE`s Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) near Boulder, Colorado. A brief description of ASCOT`s ongoing Front Range Study is given followed by a case study analysis that demonstrates the utility of the meteorological measurement equipment and the complexity of flow phenomena that are experienced near RFP. These complex flow phenomena can significantly influence the transport of the released material and consequently need to be identified for accurate assessments of the consequences of a release.
Hubbe, J.M.; Allwine, K.J.
NOAA OAR AOML Special Publication 2007-001 HARRIS B. STEWART, JR.
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami, FL #12 and Atmospheric Research Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami, FL Chief CICAR Cooperative Investigation of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions CO Commanding Office DISCO
The ocean 1 provides many health benefits, from low fat, high protein food sources and therapeutic drugs to regulation of global temperature. The ocean also poses many hazards, such as hurricanes, pathogens, animal attacks, toxins and contaminants that can cause loss of life or impair health. The potential impact of these threats is enhanced because more than half of the US population lives along the coast. Even those living inland are not immune to the ocean's effects, as ocean-driven climate patterns have been linked to inland outbreaks of several pathogens. These and other threats are likely to increase with predicted changes in climate. NOAA has multiple programs intended to promote health, but has struggled to define its role in relation to the many other agencies that also have health-related responsibilities. To help NOAA more clearly define its role and actions needed to fulfill that role, the NOAA Science Advisory Board (SAB) established an Oceans and Health Working Group (OHWG) that includes experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, public health, environmental modeling, veterinary science, marine biotechnology, economics, and ocean sciences. The OHWG has been charged with identifying opportunities to enhance NOAA's ongoing health-related efforts, including all relationships between the ocean and the physiological well-being of organisms. This report
QuikSCAT Impacts on Coastal Forecasts and Warnings: Operational Utility of Satellite Ocean Surface Vector Wind Data
This study reports on the operational utility of ocean surface vector wind (SVW) data from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) observations in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast ...
Ralph F. Milliff; Peter A. Stamus
Use of WindSat to Extend a Microwave-Based Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature Time Series
The NOAA Ľ° daily optimum interpolation sea surface temperature analysis (DOISST) is available either as a 31-yr (from 1981 onward) time series based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations or as a 9-yr (2002–11) time ...
Viva F. Banzon; Richard W. Reynolds
DOE, BOEMRE and NOAA Announce Nearly $5 Million for Joint Environmental
DOE, BOEMRE and NOAA Announce Nearly $5 Million for Joint DOE, BOEMRE and NOAA Announce Nearly $5 Million for Joint Environmental Research Projects to Advance Ocean Renewable Energy DOE, BOEMRE and NOAA Announce Nearly $5 Million for Joint Environmental Research Projects to Advance Ocean Renewable Energy October 26, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy (DOE), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), and the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) today announced eight joint research awards totaling nearly $5 million to support the responsible siting and permitting of offshore wind energy facilities and ocean energy generated from waves, tides, currents and thermal gradients. This critical research will address key information gaps
NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase Energy
NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase Energy Efficiency at National Marine Sanctuaries NOAA and U.S. Department of Energy Expand Efforts to Increase Energy Efficiency at National Marine Sanctuaries January 29, 2008 - 11:13am Addthis HONOLULU, HI - Through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today expanded cooperative efforts to promote and increase energy efficiency at the country's national marine sanctuaries. DOE will facilitate three initial energy audits at NMSP facilities in Maui, Hawaii, Key West, Florida; and Scituate, Massachusetts, to identify potential energy-saving opportunities that NMSP can implement throughout the
Intercomparison of Cloud Imagery from the DMSP OLS, NOAA AVHRR, GOES VISSR, and Landsat MSS
Concurrent visible and infrared imagery from four satellite sensors (DMSP OLS, NOAA AVHRR, GOES VISSR, Landsat MSS) have been intercompared. Inherent differences in observed cloud properties and cloud field analyses are noted due to individual ...
R. G. Isaacs; J. C. Barnes
NOAA's 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: An Overview
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released the 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals in July 2011, representing the latest decadal installment of this long-standing product line. Climatic averages (and other statistics) of temperature, ...
Anthony Arguez; Imke Durre; Scott Applequist; Russell S. Vose; Michael F. Squires; Xungang Yin; Richard R. Heim Jr.; Timothy W. Owen
NOAA'S Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service: Building Pathways for Better Science in Water Forecasting
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program was established to meet our nation's need for more precise flash-flood forecast information. AHPS uses ...
John Mcenery; John Ingram; Qingyun Duan; Thomas Adams; Lee Anderson
The Importance of Educating the Public Regarding NOAA Weather Radio Reception and Placement within a Structure
The recent expansion of The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio (NWR) transmitter locations across the United States delivered the NWR signal to previously unserved areas. This paper will show that although ...
Timothy W. Troutman; Lawrence J. Vannozzi; John T. Fleming
Characteristics of the NOAA/NESDIS Cloud Retrieval Algorithm Using HIRS-MSU Radiance Measurements
A cloud retrieval algorithm using NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder 2 Microwave Sounding Unit measurements from a polar-orbiting satellite, described in McMillin et al., ...
Shi-Keng Yang; Si-Song Zhou; Larry M. Mcmillin; Ken A. Campana
A Method for Determining the Sensor Degradation Rates of NOAA AVHRR Channels 1 and 2
A method is described to determine the degradation rates of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) visible channels. Thirty-eight desert targets (each 20 km × 20 km) were selected over the northwest region of China after testing ...
A. Wu; Q. Zhonc
The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed Soil Moisture Observing Networks: Design, Instrumentation, and Preliminary Results
The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed soil moisture observing networks in the watersheds of the Russian River and the North Fork (NF) of the American River in northern California, and the San Pedro River in southeastern ...
Robert J. Zamora; F. Martin Ralph; Edward Clark; Timothy Schneider
Observational Analyses of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones from NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellite Microwave Data
Passive microwave observations from the current NOAA series of polar-orbiting satellites of a large sample of North Atlantic tropical cyclones are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Microwave observations can penetrate the cloud cover ...
Christopher S. Velden
Description and Verification of the NOAA Smoke Forecasting System: The 2007 Fire Season
An overview of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) current operational Smoke Forecasting System (SFS) is presented. This system is intended as guidance to air quality forecasters and the public for fine particulate matter ...
Glenn D. Rolph; Roland R. Draxler; Ariel F. Stein; Albion Taylor; Mark G. Ruminski; Shobha Kondragunta; Jian Zeng; Ho-Chun Huang; Geoffrey Manikin; Jeffery T. McQueen; Paula M. Davidson
A Bias in the Midtropospheric Channel Warm Target Factor on the NOAA-9 Microwave Sounding Unit
The University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH), Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have constructed long-term temperature records for deep atmospheric layers using satellite Microwave ...
Stephen Po-Chedley; Qiang Fu
NOAA's Second-Generation Global Medium-Range Ensemble Reforecast Dataset
A multidecadal ensemble reforecast database is now available that is approximately consistent with the operational 0000 UTC cycle of the 2012 NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The reforecast dataset consists of an 11-member ensemble run once ...
Thomas M. Hamill; Gary T. Bates; Jeffrey S. Whitaker; Donald R. Murray; Michael Fiorino; Thomas J. Galarneau Jr.; Yuejian Zhu; William Lapenta
Assessing NOAA-16 HIRS Radiance Accuracy Using Simultaneous Nadir Overpass Observations from AIRS
The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) has been carried on NOAA satellites for more than two decades, and the HIRS data have been widely used for geophysical retrievals, climate studies, and radiance assimilation for numerical ...
Likun Wang; Changyong Cao; Pubu Ciren
Comparison of an Experimental NOAA AVHRR Cloud Dataset with Other Observed and Forecast Cloud Datasets
CLAVR [cloud from AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)] is a global cloud dataset under development at NOAA/NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service). Total cloud amount from two experimental cases, 9 ...
Yu-Tai Hou; Kenneth A. Campana; Kenneth E. Mitchell; Shi-Keng Yang; Larry L. Stowe
NOAA's nowCOAST Web Mapping Portal to Near-Real-Time Coastal...
NOAA's nowCOAST Web Mapping Portal to Near-Real-Time Coastal Information Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov ...
Validation of Environment Canada and NOAA UV Index Forecasts with Brewer Measurements from Canada
Ground-based ultraviolet (UV) irradiance measurements by Brewer spectrophotometers at 10 sites across Canada are compared with UV index forecasts for the same locations from Environment Canada (EC) and NOAA. For the EC forecast validation, ...
Huixia He; Vitali E. Fioletov; David W. Tarasick; Thomas W. Mathews; Craig Long
Evolution of Anemone AR NOAA 10798 and the Related Geo-Effective Flares and CMEs
We present a detailed examination of the features of the Active Region (AR) NOAA 10798. This AR generated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that caused a large geomagnetic storm on 24 August 2005 with the minimum Dst index of -216 nT. We examined the evolution of the AR and the features on/near the solar surface and in the interplanetary space. The AR emerged in the middle of a small coronal hole, and formed a {\\it sea anemone} like configuration. H$\\alpha$ filaments were formed in the AR, which have southward axial field. Three M-class flares were generated, and the first two that occurred on 22 August 2005 were followed by Halo-type CMEs. The speeds of the CMEs were fast, and recorded about 1200 and 2400 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. The second CME was especially fast, and caught up and interacted with the first (slower) CME during their travelings toward Earth. These acted synergically to generate an interplanetary disturbance with strong southward magnetic field of about -50 nT, which was followed by the large g...
Asai, Ayumi; Ishii, Takako T; Oka, Mitsuo; Kataoka, Ryuho; Fujiki, Ken'ichi; Gopalswamy, Nat
We present a detailed examination of the features of the Active Region (AR) NOAA 10798. This AR generated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that caused a large geomagnetic storm on 24 August 2005 with the minimum Dst index of -216 nT. We examined the evolution of the AR and the features on/near the solar surface and in the interplanetary space. The AR emerged in the middle of a small coronal hole, and formed a {\\it sea anemone} like configuration. H$\\alpha$ filaments were formed in the AR, which have southward axial field. Three M-class flares were generated, and the first two that occurred on 22 August 2005 were followed by Halo-type CMEs. The speeds of the CMEs were fast, and recorded about 1200 and 2400 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. The second CME was especially fast, and caught up and interacted with the first (slower) CME during their travelings toward Earth. These acted synergically to generate an interplanetary disturbance with strong southward magnetic field of about -50 nT, which was followed by the large geomagnetic storm.
Ayumi Asai; Kazunari Shibata; Takako T. Ishii; Mitsuo Oka; Ryuho Kataoka; Ken'ichi Fujiki; Nat Gopalswamy
Computing Surface Fluxes from Mesonet Data
By using air–vegetation–soil layer coupled model equations as weak constraints, a variational method is developed to compute sensible and latent heat fluxes from conventional observations obtained at meteorological surface stations. This method ...
Binbin Zhou; Qin Xu
Daily Microwave-Derived Surface Temperature over Canada/Alaska
The land surface temperature variation over northern high latitudes in response to the increase in greenhouse gases is challenging because of the lack of meteorological stations. A new method to derive the surface temperature from satellite ...
A. Mialon; A. Royer; M. Fily; G. Picard
Imperial Valley environmental project: baseline air quality and meteorological data
The baseline air quality and meteorological data are gathered by the Imperial Valley Environmental Project from December 1976 through April 1978. The air quality data obtained at the six fixed locations are reported in the form of histograms; histograms and wind roses are presented of the meteorological data collected at the six sites. The air quality and meteorological data obtained by the mobile laboratory in the vicinity of the Heber KGRA are listed in a similar format. (MHR)
Gudiksen, P.H.; Lamson, K.C.; Axelrod, M.C.; Fowler, V.; Nyholm, R.A.
Modeling Hydraulic Responses to Meteorological Forcing: from Canopy to Aquifer
equations for some soil hydraulic properties. Water Modeling Hydraulic Responses to Meteorological Forcing: CA 94720 email@example.com Modeling Hydraulic Responses to
Pan, Lehua; Jin, Jiming; Miller, Norman; Wu, Yu-Shu; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur
Synoptic sensitivities of subtropical clouds separating aerosol effects from meteorology
meteorological quantities G. Subsidence and EntrainmentEntrainment rate (cm s ?1 ) Subsidence rate (cm s ?1 ) Bulkuxes, entrainment and subsidence rates, and temperature and
Mauger, Guillaume S.
Synoptic Sensitivities of Subtropical Clouds : Separating Aerosol Effects from Meteorology
Mauger, Guillaume
FIFE Surface Climate and Site-Average Dataset 1987–89
This paper analyzes the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment site-average datasets for near-surface meteorology, soil moisture, and temperature; the surface fluxes of radiation, sensible, and ...
Alan K. Betts; John H. Ball
The Interplay between Transpiration and Runoff Formulations in Land Surface Schemes Used with Atmospheric Models
The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) has shown that different land surface models (LSMs) driven by the same meteorological forcing can produce markedly different surface energy and water budgets, even ...
Randal D. Koster; P. C. D. Milly
An Evaluation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Products for Land Surface Hydrology: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
The skill of instantaneous Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved near-surface meteorology, including surface skin temperature (Ts), air temperature (Ta), specific humidity (q), and relative humidity (RH), as well as model-derived surface ...
Craig R. Ferguson; Eric F. Wood
Realistic Initialization of Land Surface States: Impacts on Subseasonal Forecast Skill
Forcing a land surface model (LSM) offline with realistic global fields of precipitation, radiation, and near-surface meteorology produces realistic fields (within the context of the LSM) of soil moisture, temperature, and other land surface ...
Randal D. Koster; Max J. Suarez; Ping Liu; Urszula Jambor; Aaron Berg; Michael Kistler; Rolf Reichle; Matthew Rodell; Jay Famiglietti
Optimal Bidding Strategies for Wind Power Producers with Meteorological Forecasts
bid is computed by exploiting the forecast energy price for the day ahead market, the historical windOptimal Bidding Strategies for Wind Power Producers with Meteorological Forecasts Antonio statistics at the plant site and the day-ahead wind speed forecasts provided by a meteorological service. We
Giannitrapani, Antonello
Meteorological phenomena forecast using data mining prediction methods
The occurrence of various meteorological phenomena, such as fog or low cloud cover, has significant impact on many human activities as air or ship transport operations. The management of air traffic at the airports was the main reason to design effective ... Keywords: decision trees, meteorological data, neural networks, prediction
František Babi?; Peter Bednár; František Albert; Ján Parali?; Juraj Bartók; Ladislav Hluchý
A glossary of selected meteorology terms. Final report
The atmospheric, oceanographic, nuclear, and electro-optical terminology contained in this publication was compiled by the Ad Hoc Glossary Committee of the Meteorology Group (MG) of the Range Commanders Council. Much of the material appearing in this glossary was developed using information from several U.S. Government publications and the Glossary of Meteorology.
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CHAPTER III MARINE METEOROLOGY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO #12;Blank page retained for pagination #12;MARINE METEOROLOGY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO, A BRIEF REVIEW 1 By DALE F. LEIPPER, Department oj Oceonography, Agricultural and Mechanical College oj Tuas The best general summary of the weather over the Gulf of Mexico
Intercomparison of Meteorological Models Applied to the Athens Area and the Effect on photochemical Pollutant Predictions
In this study, four different meteorological models, one diagnostic and three prognostic, are used to develop meteorological inputs for a photochemical model, as applied to the peninsula of Athens, Greece. The comparison of meteorological models ...
P. Grossi; J-M. Giovannoni; A. G. Russell
Meteorological analysis for clusters of wind turbines
A demonstration qualifying the meteorological spectral gap hypothesis is given. It is shown that the peak in the micrometeorological frequency range is at an anomalous level according to a demonstration made using a state-of-the-art micrometeorological spectrum. A spectral model for calculation of rms values for the unstable atmosphere is presented. It is found that theoretically the rms of the unstable atmosphere is about 1.7 times that of the neutral atmosphere when the frequency band considered is one cycle per 30 minutes to one cycle per minute. A spectral model for spatial correlation in neutral conditions is suggested. It is based on Fourier transformation of the above-mentioned spectrum.
Powell, D.C.
Joint NOAA, Navy, NASA Hurricane Test Bed Terms of Reference
(JHT) to advance the transfer of new research and technology into operational hurricane prediction. The JHT will routinely serve as a conduit between the operational, academic, and research communities. This facility will be located at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in Miami, FL. Whereas the operational center and associated personnel could be the NHC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC, Navy), or the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), and NHC will be specified in this document, both for brevity and to acknowledge the current focus of the JHT on that organization. Use of other facilities is possible depending on requirements, workload, and opportunity. II. Mission Statement The mission of the Joint (NOAA, Navy, and NASA) Hurricane Test Bed is to transfer more rapidly and smoothly new technology, research results, and observational advances of the USWRP, its sponsoring agencies, the academic community and other groups into improved tropical cyclone analysis and prediction at operational centers. III. Concept of Operations The JHT is the initial test bed activity funded by the USWRP and is established to accelerate the technology infusion focused on hurricane analysis and prediction. Until all test beds are organized under a national test bed activity, the USWRP Interagency Program Office (IPO) provides coordination and oversight. The USWRP/IPO will facilitate outreach, the proposal process, and interaction with the oversight board, funding, and other tasks common to the test beds. The JHT will work with the USWRP/IPO to accomplish those tasks appropriate for administration of the hurricane test bed. The JHT mission will be accomplished by the following: • assessing scientific breakthroughs and new techniques to identify advanced, realtime, data-analysis techniques, forecast models, and observational systems that have potential for significantly improving the forecast guidance provided to hurricane forecasters; completing tests of the codes, products, and observations in a quasi-operational information technology (IT) environment subject to metrics that mandate good scientific performance while meeting ease-of use criteria and time constraints;
End-to-End Network Tuning Sends Data Screaming from NERSC to NOAA
End-to-End Network End-to-End Network Tuning Sends Data Screaming from NERSC to NOAA End-to-End Network Tuning Sends Data Screaming from NERSC to NOAA September 21, 2012 | Tags: Climate Research Jon Bashor, firstname.lastname@example.com, +1 510 486 5849 reforecast.gif (a) 24 hour observed precipitation amounts for 9 January 1995; (b) Average 1-day precipitation forecasts; (c) Today's forecast calibrated with old reforecasts and precipitation analyses. (Click image to enlarge.) Image coutesy of NOAA's Earth Systems Research Laboratory. When it comes to moving large datasets between DOE's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and his home institution in Boulder, Colo., Gary Bates is no slouch. As an associate scientist in the Earth System Research Lab of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Observing Local-Scale Variability of Near-Surface Temperature and Humidity Using a Wireless Sensor Network
In this paper the influence of surface type, wind speed, and other environmental conditions on near-surface air temperature, specific humidity, and surface temperature is studied. A wireless sensor network consisting of 13 low-cost meteorological ...
Katharina Lengfeld; Felix Ament
Two Meteorological Data Sets Released from LBA-ECO September...
Meteorological Data Sets Released from LBA-ECO The ORNL DAAC and the LBA DIS announce the release of two data sets associated with the LBA-ECO component of the Large Scale...
CD-04 Meteorological Data Sets Released from LBA-ECO The ORNL DAAC and the LBA DIS announce the release of two data sets associated with the LBA-ECO component of the Large Scale...
Assessing the Impact of Meteorological History on Subtropical Cloud Fraction
This study presents findings from the application of a new Lagrangian method used to evaluate the meteorological sensitivities of subtropical clouds in the northeast Atlantic. Parcel back trajectories are used to account for the influence of ...
Guillaume S. Mauger; Joel R. Norris
Meteorological Considerations Used in Planning the NEXRAD Network
A systematic and objective approach was used to optimize the siting of the individual radars forming the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network. Prime consideration was given to meteorological factors in conjunction with the user agencies'...
D. A. Leone; R. M. Endlich; J. Petri?eks; R. T. H. Collis; J. R. Porter
Some Considerations in Using Color in Meteorological Displays
This article is intended to facilitate discussion of issues related to the use of color in new meteorological displays. Given the proliferation of new graphics display capabilities (e.g., overlays, animation, the combination of statistical models ...
Robert R. Hoffman; Mark Detweiler; Jane A. Conway; Kevin Lipton
Toward a Standardized Metadata Protocol for Urban Meteorological Networks
With the growing number and significance of urban meteorological networks (UMNs) across the world, it is becoming critical to establish a standard metadata protocol. Indeed, a review of existing UMNs indicate large variations in the quality, quantity, and ...
Catherine L. Muller; Lee Chapman; C.S.B. Grimmond; Duick T. Young; Xiao-Ming Cai
Antarctic Meteorological Observations on the GTS during the FROST Project
An assessment is made of the availability of Antarctic synoptic observations on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS) during the trial periods (5–9 July 1993 and 1–15 February 1994) and winter and ...
Steven Colwell; John Turner
Application of the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) to Meteorological Modeling
The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM), a numerical technique developed in astrophysics for modeling fluid flows with strong shocks and discontinuities is adapted for treating sharp gradients in small-scale meteorological flows. PPM differs ...
Richard L. Carpenter Jr.; Kelvin K. Droegemeier; Paul R. Woodward; Carl E. Hane
The Minneapolis Flash Flood: Meteorological Analysis and Operational Response
The evolution of the synoptic- and meso-?-scale meteorological setting for the 23 July 1987 Minneapolis flash flood is described. Analyses of conventional upper-air data, including quasi-geostrophic processes, are employed to identify the large-...
Barry E. Schwartz; Charles F. Chappell; William E. Togstad; Xiao-Ping Zhong
What Do Introductory Meteorology Students Want to Learn?
During 2002 and 2003, surveys of introductory meteorology students were conducted at the University of Georgia and the University of Wisconsin—Madison. These surveys asked which one question about weather and climate each student would most like ...
John A. Knox; Steven A. Ackerman
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology 1280-MHz Wind Profiler
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology has constructed a new 1280-MHz radar wind profiler. Key features include a state-of-the-art digital transceiver system and modern peak detection algorithms for obtaining high quality wind estimates, even in ...
P. T. May; F. Cummings; J. Koutsovasilis; R. Jones; D. Shaw
Cal Tech's Program in Meteorology: 1933–1948
The California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech) established a course of study in meteorology in 1933. It was intimately tied to the upsurge of activity in commercial and military aviation that occurred in the period between the world wars. The ...
J. M. Lewis
Meteorological Data Needs for Modeling Air Quality Uncertainties
A probabilistic framework for incorporating uncertainty in air quality models is described. The quantitative dependence of the uncertainty in calculated air quality concentrations on the uncertainty in the input meteorological data is illustrated ...
W. S. Lewellen; R. I. Sykes
Prospects for Industrial Meteorology in the 1980s
Industrial meteorology has been growing rapidly in the past few years as a result of an improved business climate and increased receptivity on the part of business to specially tailored weather information. It is probable that this trend will ...
R. L. Carnahan
An Overview of the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Database
The China Meteorological Administration's tropical cyclone (TC) database includes not only the best track dataset, but also TC-induced wind and precipitation data. This article summarizes the characteristics and key technical details of the CMA TC ...
Ming Ying; Wei Zhang; Hui Yu; Xiaoqin Lu; Jingxian Feng; Yongxiang Fan; Yongti Zhu; Dequan Chen
Diagnostic Comparison of Meteorological Analyses during the 2002 Antarctic Winter
Several meteorological datasets, including U.K. Met Office (MetO), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and NASA's Goddard Earth Observation System (GEOS-4) analyses, ...
Gloria L. Manney; Douglas R. Allen; Kirstin Krüger; Barbara Naujokat; Michelle L. Santee; Joseph L. Sabutis; Steven Pawson; Richard Swinbank; Cora E. Randall; Adrian J. Simmons; Craig Long
Quantum Reality, Complex Numbers, and the Meteorological Butterfly Effect
Meteorology is a wonderfully interdisciplinary subject. But can nonlinear thinking about predictability of weather and climate contribute usefully to issues in fundamental physics? Although this might seem extremely unlikely at first sight, ...
T. N. Palmer
Publication Trends in American Meteorological Society Technical Journals
Some statistical measures of growth of American Meteorological Society technical journals have been compiled. A general upward trend in total number of articles, pages, and an increase (nearly doubling during the past 20 years) in the average ...
Richard H. Johnson; Wayne H. Schubert
Canadian Atlantic Storms Program: The Meteorological Field Project
The field phase of the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) was conducted from 15 January to 15 March 1986. The principal objective of the meteorological component of the program was to begin the process of improving the understanding and ...
R. E. Stewart; G. A. Isaac; R. W. Shaw
The National Meteorological Center's Spectral Statistical-Interpolation Analysis System
At the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new analysis system is being extensively tested for possible use in the operational global data assimilation system. This analysis system is called the spectral statistical- interpolation (SSI) ...
David F. Parrish; John C. Derber
A Meteorological Reanalysis for the 1991 Gulf War
In support of the Department of Defense's Gulf War Illness study, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has performed global and mesoscale meteorological reanalyses to provide a quantitative atmospheric characterization of the Persian Gulf region ...
Jainn J. Shi; Simon W. Chang; Teddy R. Holt; Timothy F. Hogan; Douglas L. Westphal
Meteorological Model Evaluation for CalNex 2010
The performance of mesoscale meteorological models is evaluated for the coastal zone and Los Angeles area of Southern California, and for the San Joaquin Valley. Several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with ...
Wayne M. Angevine; Lee Eddington; Kevin Durkee; Chris Fairall; Laura Bianco; Jerome Brioude
Dynamical Extended Range Forecasting (DERF) at the National Meteorological Center
Early results are presented of an experimental program in Dynamical Extended Range Forecasting at the National Meteorological Center. The primary objective of this program is to assess the feasibility of extending operational numerical weather ...
M. Steven Tracton; Kingtse Mo; Wilbur Chen; Eugenia Kalnay; Robert Kistler; Glenn White
Global Numerical Weather Prediction at the National Meteorological Center
In this paper we describe the global numerical weather prediction system of the National Meteorological Center, and review recent improvements, the evolution in skill, and current research projects and plans.
E. Kalnay; M. Kanamitsu; W. E. Baker
Preliminary Experiments Using GALE Observations at the National Meteorological Center
Analyses and forecasts for the first 2 weeks of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) are described. These fields were produced using the National Meteorological Center (NMC) Regional Analysis and Forecast System (RAFS). Two sets of ...
Eric Rogers; Geoffrey J. DiMego; Joseph P. Gerrity; Ralph A. Petersen; Brian D. Schmidt; Deirdre M. Kann
A Multiseason Climate Forecast System at the National Meteorological Center
The Coupled Model Project was established at the National Meteorological Center(NMC)in January l991 to develop a multiseason forecast system based on coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation models. This provided a focus to combine expertise ...
Ming Ji; Arun Kumar; Ants Leetmaa
High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies
In this article high-resolution satellite imagery from a variety of meteorological and environmental satellites is compared. Digital datasets from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), National Oceanic and Atmospheric ...
David B. Johnson; Pierre Flament; Robert L. Bernstein
The Meteorological Development Laboratory's Aviation Weather Prediction System
The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) has developed and implemented an aviation weather prediction system that runs each hour and produces forecast guidance for each hour into the future out to 25 h covering the major forecast period of ...
Judy E. Ghirardelli; Bob Glahn
Mesoscale Meteorology and High Ozone in the Northeast United States
This study examines the relationship between mesoscale meteorological conditions and high-ozone days in the northeastern United States. It is proposed that the leeside trough and the sea-breeze front are two mesoscale features that can be ...
Robert S. Gaza
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Meteorological Drought for the Island of Crete
A modified drought index, named the spatially normalized–standardized precipitation index (SN-SPI), has been developed for assessing meteorological droughts. The SN–SPI is a variant index to the standardized precipitation index and is based on ...
Aristeidis G. Koutroulis; Aggeliki-Eleni K. Vrohidou; Ioannis K. Tsanis
Recent Innovations in Deriving Tropospheric Winds from Meteorological Satellites
The evolving constellation of environmental/meteorological satellites and their associated sensor technology is rapidly advancing. This is providing opportunities for creatively improving satellite-derived products used in weather analysis and ...
Christopher Velden; Jaime Daniels; David Stettner; David Santek; Jeff Key; Jason Dunion; Kenneth Holmlund; Gail Dengel; Wayne Bresky; Paul Menzel
Meteorological Implications of the First Voyage of Christopher Columbus
The log of the first voyage of Christopher Columbus to the New World provides valuable information on the meteorological conditions of September 1492. Comparison and analysis of the descriptive accounts of weather made by Columbus and his pilots ...
Randall S. Cerveny; Jay S. Hobgood
Use of Multiquadric Interpolation for Meteorological Objective Analysis
The method of multiquadric interpolation is described and compared to the Barnes and Cressman methods of meteorological objective analysis. The method of multiquadric interpolation uses hyperboloid radial basis functions to fit scattered data to ...
Wendell A. Nuss; David W. Titley
Multifractal Analysis and Simulation of the Global Meteorological Network
Taking the example of the meteorological measuring network, it is shown how the density of stations can be characterized by multifractal measures. A series of multifractal analysis techniques are applied (including new ones designed to take into ...
Y. Tessier; S. Lovejoy; D. Schertzer
Meteorological Support to the Earthwinds Transglobal Balloon Project
The collocation of the Weather Forecast Office and the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada, has fostered a National Weather Service (NWS)—University collaborative effort that provided meteorological forecasting and research support to an ...
Melanie Wetzel; Randolph Borys; Douglas Lowenthal; Stephen Brown
Assimilation of Satellite Precipitable Water in a Meteorological Forecast Model
The lack of local humidity observations over a large portion of the globe hinders any improvement of humidity forecasting in meteorological models. However, satellite microwave radiometers routinely provide fields of precipitable water content ...
M. A. Filiberti; L. Eymard; B. Urban
Operations of the National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group
Weather is a significant aspect of most space shuttle launches and landings. The National Weather Service Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) at Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas, provides weather forecasts and advice to support space ...
Frank C. Brody; Richard A. Lafosse; Dan G. Bellue; Timothy D. Oram
Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Meteorological Observers in the American West
The technical achievements of Lewis and Clark have been celebrated in fields ranging from cartography to zoology. As America commemorates the bicentennial of their historic journey across the continent, this paper shows that their meteorological ...
Susan Solomon; John S. Daniel
Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum Interpolation
The new NOAA operational global sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is described. The analyses use 7 days of in situ (ship and buoy) and satellite SST. These analyses are produced weekly and daily using optimum interpolation (OI) on a 1° grid. ...
Richard W. Reynolds; Thomas M. Smith
Verification of Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Winds in Hurricanes
Surface winds in hurricanes have been estimated remotely using the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for the past 15 years. Since the use of the GPS dropwindsonde system in hurricanes was first initiated ...
Eric W. Uhlhorn; Peter G. Black
Improved Quality Assurance for Historical Hourly Temperature and Humidity: Development and Application to Environmental Analysis
Historical hourly surface synoptic (airways) meteorological reports from around the United States have been digitized as part of the NOAA Climate Database Modernization Program. An important component is improvement of quality assurance ...
Observations of Variability on Synoptic Timescales in the East Pacific ITCZ
Data obtained in the eastern Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during the Tropical Eastern Pacific Process Study (TEPPS) show a 3–6-day variability. The NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown collected surface meteorological observations, C-band ...
Yolande L. Serra; Robert A. Houze Jr.
Characteristics of the TOVS Pathfinder Path-B Dataset
From 1979 to present, sensors aboard the NOAA series of polar meteorological satellites have provided continuous measurements of the earth's surface and atmosphere. One of these sensors, the TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), observes ...
Noëlle A. Scott; Alain Chédin; Raymond Armante; Jennifer Francis; Claudia Stubenrauch; Jean-Pierre Chaboureau; Frederic Chevallier; Chantal Claud; Frédérique Cheruy
International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPDv2) 1768 to 2010
The International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPD) is the world's largest collection of pressure observations. It has been gathered through international cooperation and is part of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project that uses resources of NERSC and ORNL. The ISPD version 2 consists of three components: station, marine, and tropical cyclone best track pressure observations. The station component is a blend of many national and international collections. Related resources can be found at the NOAA ESRL 20th Century Reanalysis Homepage (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/20thC_Rean/). Maps displaying the locations of ISPD observations in a selected year are available at (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ISPD/v2.0/)[Taken and edited from http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds132.0/
Stereoradar Meteorology: A New Unified Approach to Process Data from Airborne or Ground-Based Meteorological Radars
The concept of stereoradar in meteorology was first proposed by Testud and Amayenc. It consists of radar observations of a precipitation cell from two viewing angles, using an attenuated frequency. The initial inspiration of the technique lays in ...
Ahmed Kabčche; Jacques Testud
Development, implementation, and skill assessment of the NOAA/NOS Great Lakes Operational Forecast System
Development, implementation, and skill assessment of the NOAA/NOS Great Lakes Operational Forecast Lakes Operational Forecast System (GLOFS) uses near-real-time atmospheric observa- tions and numerical weather prediction forecast guidance to produce three-dimensional forecasts of water temperature
Calibration of METEOSAT Infrared Radiometer using Split Window Channels of NOAA AVHRR
A multispectral/multiangular procedure is proposed to calibrate the infrared channel of METEOSAT-2 IR 1 (760–980 cm?1), using the radiances of NOAA-7 AVHRR channels 4 (870–980 cm?1) and 5 (795–885 cm?1). The METEOSAT radiance can be successfully ...
A. Asem; P. Y. Deschamps; D. Ho
Statistical Assessment of the Quality of TIROS-N and NOAA-6 Satellite Soundings
A statistical evaluation of satellite soundings from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 is presented. Collocated satellite-radiosonde data were collected by season from July 1979 through May 1980 for clear and cloudy retrievals. In addition to RMS and mean error ...
Arnold Gruber; Carmella Davis Watkins
, radar-based retrieval methods. On average, mixed-phase cloud ice particle mean diameters increase fromTOWARDS A CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCTIC MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS Shupe, M. CIRES/NOAA/ETL Kollias, P Laboratory P.O. Box, Upton, NY www.bnl.gov ABSTRACT Mixed-phase clouds play a unique role in the Arctic
Hands On Science with NOAA TITLE: Tying Science to History... Making Rope by Hand
Hands  On Science with NOAA TITLE: Tying Science to History... Making Rope by Hand OVERVIEW, or wool yarn. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Each participant should receive 2 lengths of single strand fiber about 15 is fascinating! Research and discuss the development of rope-making technology through human history. · Research
Operational Impact of QuikSCAT Winds at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center
The NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) has revolutionized the analysis and short-term forecasting of winds over the oceans at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center (OPC). The success of QuikSCAT in OPC operations is due to the wide 1800-km swath ...
Joan M. Von Ahn; Joseph M. Sienkiewicz; Paul S. Chang
Tropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel (TIP) Report M. J. McPhaden, NOAA/PMEL
Hole technical report in December 2002. Barometric pressure and downwelling long wave radiation fromTropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel (TIP) Report M. J. McPhaden, NOAA/PMEL Prepared. This year, field testing of sonic anemometers has begun in the hopes of reducing wind data loss from
Fish Oil Research, 1920-87, in the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Fish Oil Research, 1920-87, in the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA MAURICE E. STANSBY fatty acids (which occur almost exclusively in the oil of fish) may have beneficial effects in re ducing research has also been carried out by laboratories of this agency on other aspects of fish oils which have
NOAA Weather Radio as an Emergency Communication Vehicle in West Tennessee
In March 1994, a telephone survey was conducted in west Tennessee to determine the extent to which NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) is used by residents of the region. Interviews were completed with 407 respondents for an error rate of ±4.86%. The data ...
James W. Redmond
Estimation of Surface Solar Global Radiation from NOAA AVHRR Data in High Latitudes
A physical method for estimating the instantaneous global irradiance and daily cumulative insolation based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data was developed and tested at high latitudes in a boreal subarctic region. The satellite ...
Vesa Laine; Ari Venäläinen; Martti Heikinheimo; Otto Hyvärinen
The Impact of Nudging in the Meteorological Model for Retrospective Air Quality Simulations. Part II: Evaluating Collocated Meteorological and Air Quality Observations
For air quality modeling, it is important that the meteorological fields that are derived from meteorological models reflect the best characterization of the atmosphere. It is well known that the accuracy and overall representation of the modeled ...
Tanya L. Otte
Accurate Airborne Surface Temperature Measurements with Chopper-stabilized Radiometers
The accuracy of chopper-stabilized radiometers for the meteorological measurement of surface temperatures was investigated during a series of airborne trails, including tests at high altitude using a pressurized aircraft. The significant finding ...
Dieter Lorenz
Effect of Reduced Diffusion on Surface Wind and Wave Fields
Horizontal diffusion is used in meteorological models to reduce noise in the shorter spatial scales and to increase numerical stability. In turn, this affects the surface wind distribution. A series of tests on real situations in the ...
Luigi Cavaleri; Luciana Bertotti; Mariano Hortal; Martin Miller
The Use of Limited Surface Networks to Measure Mesoscale Phenomena
Large mesonetworks have successfully demonstrated coupling of surface meteorological phenomena to convective activity. It is unrealistic however, to assume that such networks will be available for wide-area operational applications. This paper ...
James A. Heimbach Jr.; Thomas M. Engel
Applied Modeling of Surface Fluxes under Different Stability Regimes
In this study various surface layer parameters, fluxes, and eddy diffusivity profiles have been estimated by making use of routine meteorological data for both unstable and stable conditions. Several empirical relationships for estimating ...
Manju Mohan; T. A. Siddiqui
Surface Energy Fluxes of the South Atlantic Ocean
Fluxes of sensible, latent and radiational energy and momentum across the surface of the South Atlantic Ocean have been calculated by substituting ship meteorological observations into bulk aerodynamic and empirical radiation equations. Upper-air ...
Andrew F. Bunker
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840–2007
Meteorological station records and regional climate model output are combined to develop a continuous 168-yr (1840–2007) spatial reconstruction of monthly, seasonal, and annual mean Greenland ice sheet near-surface air temperatures. Independent ...
Jason E. Box; Lei Yang; David H. Bromwich; Le-Sheng Bai
Surface Energy Components and Land Characteristics of a Rice Paddy
Many meteorological and air-quality models require land characteristics as inputs. A field experiment was conducted to study the surface energy budget of a rice paddy in Taiwan. During the day, the energy balance ratio measured by an eddy ...
Jeng-Lin Tsai; Ben-Jei Tsuang; Po-Sheng Lu; Ming-Hwi Yao; Yuan Shen
Errors of Five-Day Mean Surface Wind and Temperature Conditions due to Inadequate Sampling
Surface meteorological reports of wind components, wind speed, air temperature, and sea surface temperature from buoys located in equatorial and midlatitude regions are used in a simulation of random sampling to determine errors of the calculated ...
David M. Legler
How Far is Far Enough?: The Fetch Requirements for Micrometeorological Measurement of Surface Fluxes
Recent model estimates of the flux footprint are used to examine the fetch requirements for accurate micro-meteorological measurement of surface fluxes of passive, conservative scalars within the surface flux layer. The required fetch is ...
T. W. Horst; J. C. Weil
Evaluation of Two Land Surface Schemes Used in Terrains of Increasing Aridity in West Africa
In this study different parameterizations for land surface models currently employed in meteorological models at ECMWF [Tiled ECMWF Surface Scheme for Exchange Processes over Land (TESSEL)] and NCEP (Noah) are evaluated for a semiarid region in ...
D. Schüttemeyer; A. F. Moene; A. A. M. Holtslag; H. A. R. de Bruin
Influence of Ocean Surface Conditions on Atmospheric Vertical Thermodynamic Structure and Deep Convection
The authors analyze the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface wind divergence on atmospheric thermodynamic structure and the resulting effects on the occurrence of deep convection using National Meteorological Center radiosonde ...
Rong Fu; Anthony D. Del Genio; William B. Rossow
Urbanization Effects on Observed Surface Air Temperature Trends in North China
A dataset of 282 meteorological stations including all of the ordinary and national basic/reference surface stations of north China is used to analyze the urbanization effect on surface air temperature trends. These stations are classified into ...
Guoyu Ren; Yaqing Zhou; Ziying Chu; Jiangxing Zhou; Aiying Zhang; Jun Guo; Xuefeng Liu
Influence of Mesonet Observations on the Accuracy of Surface Analyses Generated by an Ensemble Kalman Filter
The expansion of surface mesoscale networks (mesonets) across the United States provides a high-resolution observational dataset for meteorological analysis and prediction. To clarify the impact of mesonet data on the accuracy of surface analyses, ...
Kent H. Knopfmeier; David J. Stensrud
The Representation of Snow in Land Surface Schemes: Results from PILPS 2(d)
Twenty-one land surface schemes (LSSs) performed simulations forced by 18 yr of observed meteorological data from a grassland catchment at Valdai, Russia, as part of the Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (...
A. G. Slater; C. A. Schlosser; C. E. Desborough; A. J. Pitman; A. Henderson-Sellers; A. Robock; K. Ya Vinnikov; J. Entin; K. Mitchell; F. Chen; A. Boone; P. Etchevers; F. Habets; J. Noilhan; H. Braden; P. M. Cox; P. de Rosnay; R. E. Dickinson; Z-L. Yang; Y-J. Dai; Q. Zeng; Q. Duan; V. Koren; S. Schaake; N. Gedney; Ye M. Gusev; O. N. Nasonova; J. Kim; E. A. Kowalczyk; A. B. Shmakin; T. G. Smirnova; D. Verseghy; P. Wetzel; Y. Xue
Global Ocean Surface Wave Simulation Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Wave Model
This study describes a 29-yr (1981–2009) global ocean surface gravity wave simulation generated by a coupled atmosphere–wave model using NOAA/GFDL's High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) and the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model developed and ...
Yalin Fan; Shian-Jiann Lin; Isaac M. Held; Zhitao Yu; Hendrik L. Tolman
Sensitivity of Latent Heat Flux from PILPS Land-Surface Schemes to Perturbations of Surface Air Temperature
In the PILPS Phase 2a experiment, 23 land-surface schemes were compared in an off-line control experiment using observed meteorological data from Cabauw, the Netherlands. Two simple sensitivity experiments were also undertaken in which the ...
Weiqing Qu; A. Henderson-Sellers; A. J. Pitman; T. H. Chen; F. Abramopoulos; A. Boone; S. Chang; F. Chen; Y. Dai; R. E. Dickinson; L. Dümenil; M. Ek; N. Gedney; Y. M. Gusev; J. Kim; R. Koster; E. A. Kowalczyk; J. Lean; D. Lettenmaier; X. Liang; J.-F. Mahfouf; H.-T. Mengelkamp; K. Mitchell; O. N. Nasonova; J. Noilhan; A. Robock; C. Rosenzweig; J. Schaake; C. A. Schlosser; J.-P. Schulz; A. B. Shmakin; D. L. Verseghy; P. Wetzel; E. F. Wood; Z.-L. Yang; Q. Zeng
Basic Meteorological Observations for Schools: Atmospheric Pressure
This article addresses measurement of atmospheric surface pressure using economical instruments. It is intended to provide members of the Society with a ready reference to respond to inquiries from earth and physical science teachers at the ...
John T. Snow; Michelle E. Akridge; Shawn B. Harley
ARM - Measurement - Surface condition
condition condition ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Measurement : Surface condition State of the surface, including vegetation, land use, surface type, roughness, and such; often provided in model output. Categories Surface Properties Instruments The above measurement is considered scientifically relevant for the following instruments. Refer to the datastream (netcdf) file headers of each instrument for a list of all available measurements, including those recorded for diagnostic or quality assurance purposes. ARM Instruments NAV : Navigational Location and Attitude SURFLOG : SGP Surface Conditions Observations by Site Technicians S-TABLE : Stabilized Platform MET : Surface Meteorological Instrumentation
Climatic Forecasting of Net Infiltration at Yucca Mountain UsingAnalogue Meteorological Data
At Yucca Mountain, NV, future changes in climatic conditionswill probably alter net infiltration, drainage below the bottom of theevapotranspiration zone within the soil profile, or flow across theinterface between soil and the densely welded part of the Tiva CanyonTuff. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop a semiempiricalmodel and forecast average net infiltration rates, using the limitedmeteorological data from analog meteorological stations, for interglacial(present day), and future monsoon, glacial transition, and glacialclimates over the Yucca Mountain region; and (ii) corroborate thecomputed net infiltration ratesby comparing them with the empiricallyand numerically determined groundwater recharge and percolation ratesthrough the unsaturated zone from published data. This study approachedcalculations of net infiltration, aridity, and precipitationeffectiveness indices using a modified Budyko's water-balance model, withreference-surface potential evapotranspiration determined from theradiation-based Penman formula. Results of calculations show that netinfiltration rates are expected to generally increase from thepresent-day climate to monsoon climate, to glacial transition climate,and then to the glacial climate, following a power law relationshipbetween net infiltration and precipitation. The forecasting resultsindicate the overlap between the ranges of net infiltration for differentclimates. Forecasting of net infiltration for different climate states issubject to numerous uncertainties associated with selecting climateanalog sites, using relatively short analog meteorological records,neglecting the effects of vegetation and surface runoff and run-on on alocal scale, as well as possible anthropogenically induced climatechanges.
Faybishenko, Boris
Comparisons of Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors, Rawinsondes, and NOAA Wind Profiler Observations
Geostationary satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) have been used over several decades in a wide variety of meteorological applications. The ever-increasing horizontal and vertical resolution of numerical weather prediction models ...
Kristopher M. Bedka; Christopher S. Velden; Ralph A. Petersen; Wayne F. Feltz; John R. Mecikalski
Intercomparisons of Stratospheric Water Vapor Sensors: FLASH-B and NOAA/CMDL Frost-Point Hygrometer
Studies of global climate rely critically on accurate water vapor measurements. In this paper, a comparison of the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) frost-point hygrometer and the Fluorescent Advanced Stratospheric ...
H. Vömel; V. Yushkov; S. Khaykin; L. Korshunov; E. Kyrö; R. Kivi
Satellite-Based Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using the NOAA-KLM Series Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)
Satellite-borne passive microwave radiometers, such as the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on the NOAA polar-orbiting series, are well suited to monitor tropical cyclones (TCs) by virtue of their ability to assess changes in tropospheric ...
Kurt F. Brueske; Christopher S. Velden
A Two-Season Impact Study of NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellites in the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System
Observing system experiments (OSEs) during two seasons are used to quantify the important contributions made to forecast quality from the use of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites. The impact is ...
James A. Jung; Tom H. Zapotocny; John F. Le Marshall; Russ E. Treadon
An Evaluation of Soundings, Analyses and Model Forecasts Derived from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 Satellite Data
Evaluations of operational TIROS-N and NOAA-6 temperature soundings over North America are presented for an early January 1980 period one month after completion of the First GARP Global Experiment. In addition to collocated comparisons, synoptic ...
Thomas L. Koehler; John C. Derber; Brian D. Schmidt; Lyle H. Horn
Multiyear Observations of the Tropical Atlantic Atmosphere: Multidisciplinary Applications of the NOAA Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions
This paper gives an overview of a unique set of ship-based atmospheric data acquired over the tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring and summer as part of ongoing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aerosols and Ocean Science ...
Nicholas R. Nalli; Everette Joseph; Vernon R. Morris; Christopher D. Barnet; Walter W. Wolf; Daniel Wolfe; Peter J. Minnett; Malgorzata Szczodrak; Miguel A. Izaguirre; Rick Lumpkin; Hua Xie; Alexander Smirnov; Thomas S. King; Jennifer Wei
Object-Based Evaluation of a Storm-Scale Ensemble during the 2009 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment
Object-based verification of deterministic forecasts from a convection-allowing ensemble for the 2009 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment is conducted. The average of object attributes is compared between forecasts and observations ...
Aaron Johnson; Xuguang Wang
Evaluation of WRF Model Output for Severe Weather Forecasting from the 2008 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment
This study assesses forecasts of the preconvective and near-storm environments from the convection-allowing models run for the 2008 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) spring experiment. ...
Michael C. Coniglio; Kimberly L. Elmore; John S. Kain; Steven J. Weiss; Ming Xue; Morris L. Weisman
Large scale meteorological influence during the Geysers 1979 field experiment
A series of meteorological field measurements conducted during July 1979 near Cobb Mountain in Northern California reveals evidence of several scales of atmospheric circulation consistent with the climatic pattern of the area. The scales of influence are reflected in the structure of wind and temperature in vertically stratified layers at a given observation site. Large scale synoptic gradient flow dominates the wind field above about twice the height of the topographic ridge. Below that there is a mixture of effects with evidence of a diurnal sea breeze influence and a sublayer of katabatic winds. The July observations demonstrate that weak migratory circulations in the large scale synoptic meteorological pattern have a significant influence on the day-to-day gradient winds and must be accounted for in planning meteorological programs including tracer experiments.
Barr, S.
Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis | Data.gov
Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS COLLABORATE ABOUT Agriculture You are here Data.gov » Communities » Agriculture » Data Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Dataset Summary Description The Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis (GLSEA2) is a digital map of the Great Lakes surface water temperature and ice cover which is produced daily at the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan through the NOAA CoastWatch program. The GLSEA is stored as a 1024x1024 pixel map in PNG or ASCII format, suitable for viewing on PCs and workstations with readily available software. The lake surface temperatures are derived from NOAA polar-orbiting satellite imagery obtained through the Great Lakes CoastWatch program. The addition of ice cover information was implemented in early 1999, using data provided by the National Ice Center (NIC). Lake surface temperatures are updated daily with information from the cloud-free portions of the previous day's satellite imagery. If no imagery is available, a smoothing algorithm is applied to the previous day's map. Ice information will then be added, using the most recent Great Lakes Ice Analysis produced by NIC, currently daily during the ice season. GLERL is currently receiving a product suite of an average of 108 enhanced digital images including satellite-derived surface temperature (Fig. 1.1), visible and near-infrared reflectance, brightness temperatures, cloud masks, and satellite/solar zenith angle data from the NOAA/AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer).
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-31 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS,
Description 3.2.1 Fall Cooling Phase 3.2.2 Ice Formation and Breakup Phases 3.2.3 The Ice Cycle cm LakeEs of +* SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS, WINTER 1978-79 B. H. Dewitt D. F. Kahlbaum D. G. Baker,-MOSWERlC AOMlNlSTRAllON #12;NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-31 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE
Dynamically Consistent Formulations in Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Multiscale Atmospheric Studies. Part II: Mass Conservation Issues
Eulerian air quality models that require gridded meteorological inputs have to adapt to recent advances in meteorological models for fully compressible atmosphere. When the input meteorological data are recast with a robust fully compressible ...
Daewon W. Byun
Global Retrospective Estimation of Soil Moisture Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity Land Surface Model, 1980–93
A daily set of surface meteorological forcings, model-derived surface moisture fluxes, and state variables for global land areas for the period of 1979–93 is described. The forcing dataset facilitates global simulations and evaluation of land ...
Bart Nijssen; Reiner Schnur; Dennis P. Lettenmaier
An Automated Classification Scheme Designed to Better Elucidate the Dependence of Ozone on Meteorology
This paper utilizes a two-stage (average linkage then convergent k means) clustering approach as part of an automated meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate the dependence of ozone on meteorology. When applied to 10 ...
Brian K. Eder; Jerry M. Davis; Peter Bloomfield
Mass-Consistent Wind Model as a Meteorological Preprocessor for Tracer Transport Models
Atmospheric transport models usually require the mass conservation of the advective meteorological field. Even if the advection field is provided by sophisticated initialization or prediction models of meteorological centers, some mass imbalance ...
Hirohiko Ishikawa
As part of the 30th American Meteorological Society Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida in April 2012, an academic lineage ("family tree") of that community was presented to document the history of contributors ...
Cloud Properties over the North Slope of Alaska: Identifying the Prevailing Meteorological Regimes
Long time series of Arctic atmospheric measurements are assembled into meteorological categories that can serve as test cases for climate model evaluation. The meteorological categories are established by applying an objective k-means clustering ...
Johannes Mülmenstädt; Dan Lubin; Lynn M. Russell; Andrew M. Vogelmann
Coordination of Meteorological Services and Supporting Research in the Federal Government
The Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research has a unique role in the meteorological community. It is the only office within the federal government with the responsibility and supporting infrastructure ...
James B. Harrison
Evaluation of a Data Assimilation Technique for a Mesoscale Meteorological Model Used for Air Quality Modeling
An observational data assimilation (ODA) technique was evaluated based on both its direct effect on meteorological model fields and its indirect effect on the results of two air quality models that input these meteorological fields: a Lagrangian ...
Takato Umeda; Philip T. Martien
Recent and Future Trends in U.S. Undergraduate Meteorology Enrollments, Degree Recipients, and Employment Opportunities
Using data derived from the American Meteorological Society–University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Curricula and U.S. Department of Education statistics, it is found that the number of meteorology bachelor's degree recipients in the ...
John A. Knox
Meteorological Reanalyses for the Study of Gulf War Illnesses: Khamisiyah Case Study
The Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), assisted by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, has performed global and mesoscale reanalyses to support the study of Gulf War illness. Realistic and ...
D. L. Westphal; T. R. Holt; S. W. Chang; N. L. Baker; T. F. Hogan; L. R. Brody; R. A. Godfrey; J. S. Goerss; J. A. Cummings; D. J. Laws; C. W. Hines
The Evolution of Objective Analysis Methodology at the National Meteorological Center
The objective analysis of meteorological variables has been routinely performed at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) since October 1955. In the first few years, much attention was devoted to incorporating three principles of subjective ...
Clifford H. Dey
Characterization of Weekly Cumulative Rainfall Forecasts over Meteorological Subdivisions of India Using a GCM
Weekly cumulative rainfall forecasts were made for the meteorologically homogeneous areas of the Indian subcontinent, divided into meteorological subdivisions, by performing 7-day integrations of the operational Indian T80 Global Spectral Model ...
S. A. Saseendran; S. V. Singh; L. S. Rathore; Someshwar Das
The Development of an Airborne Infrared Interferometer for Meteorological Sounding Studies
The United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) has developed an airborne interferometer to act as a simulator for future satellite-based infrared meteorological sounders. The Airborne Research Interferometer Evaluation System (ARIES) consists of ...
S. H. S. Wilson; N. C. Atkinson; J. A. Smith
Quality Control of Meteorological Data for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Meteorological Support Project ensures the accuracy and reliability of data acquired by meteorological monitoring stations located at seven U.S. Army chemical weapons depots where storage and ...
James C. Liljegren; Stephen Tschopp; Kevin Rogers; Fred Wasmer; Lucia Liljegren; Michael Myirski
The International Station Meteorological Climate Summary CD-ROM
The International Station Meteorological Climate Summary (ISMCS)is a Compact Disc-Read Only Memory(CD-ROM)containing climatic records for 640 primary weather-observation sites and over 5800 secondary sites around the world. When used with a ...
Terry Jarrett
The Meteorological Measurement System on the NASA ER-2 Aircraft
A Meteorological Measurement System (MMS) was designed and installed on one of the NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (NASA 706). The MMS provides in situ measurements of free-stream pressure (±0.3 mb), temperature (±0.3°C), and wind vector (±1 m s?...
Stan G. Scott; T. Paul Bui; K. Roland Chan; Stuart W. Bowen
Meteorological parameters effects on solar energy power generation
As Turkey lies near the sunny belt between 36 and 42°N latitudes, most of the locations in Turkey receive abundant solar energy. The yearly average solar radiation is 3.6 kWh/m2 day, and the total yearly radiation period is approximately ... Keywords: D.C. loads, electrical energy, energy consumption, meteorological parameters, photovoltaic system
?afak Sa?lam
A New Tall-Tower Meteorological Monitoring System
The Atmospheric Technologies Group of the Savannah River Technology Center operates an extensive meteorological monitoring network of 13 tower in and near the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina. The data from this system are available in ''real-time'' for emergency response atmospheric release modeling and operational weather forecasting.
Parker, M.J.
An open meteorological alerting system: issues and solutions
This paper describes an experimental alerting system under development by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, initially targetted at (but not restricted to) the aviation sector. The system provides alert routing and filtering: for example pressure ... Keywords: artificial intelligence, distributed systems, real-time systems, software engineering
Ian Mathieson; Sandy Dance; Lin Padgham; Malcolm Gorman; Michael Winikoff
Surface based remote sensing of aerosol-cloud interactions
Surface based remote sensing of aerosol-cloud interactions Surface based remote sensing of aerosol-cloud interactions Feingold, Graham NOAA/Environmental Technology Laboratory Frisch, Shelby NOAA/Environmental Technology Laboratory Min, Qilong State University of New York at Albany Category: Cloud Properties We will present an analysis of the effect of aerosol on clouds at the Southern Great Plains ARM site. New methods for retrieving cloud droplet effective radius with radar (MMCR), multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), and microwave radiometer (MWR) will be discussed. Relationships based on adiabatic clouds will be used to constrain retrievals. We will investigate the use of a range of proxies for cloud condensation nuclei, ranging from surface measurements of light scattering and accumulation mode number concentration, to lidar-measured extinction or
Probabilistic aspects of meteorological and ozone regional ensemble forecasts
This study investigates whether probabilistic ozone forecasts from an ensemble can be made with skill; i.e., high verification resolution and reliability. Twenty-eight ozone forecasts were generated over the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada, for the 5-day period 11-15 August 2004, and compared with 1-hour averaged measurements of ozone concentrations at five stations. The forecasts were obtained by driving the CMAQ model with four meteorological forecasts and seven emission scenarios: a control run, {+-} 50% NO{sub x}, {+-} 50% VOC, and {+-} 50% NO{sub x} combined with VOC. Probabilistic forecast quality is verified using relative operating characteristic curves, Talagrand diagrams, and a new reliability index. Results show that both meteorology and emission perturbations are needed to have a skillful probabilistic forecast system--the meteorology perturbation is important to capture the ozone temporal and spatial distribution, and the emission perturbation is needed to span the range of ozone-concentration magnitudes. Emission perturbations are more important than meteorology perturbations for capturing the likelihood of high ozone concentrations. Perturbations involving NO{sub x} resulted in a more skillful probabilistic forecast for the episode analyzed, and therefore the 50% perturbation values appears to span much of the emission uncertainty for this case. All of the ensembles analyzed show a high ozone concentration bias in the Talagrand diagrams, even when the biases from the unperturbed emissions forecasts are removed from all ensemble members. This result indicates nonlinearity in the ensemble, which arises from both ozone chemistry and its interaction with input from particular meteorological models.
Monache, L D; Hacker, J; Zhou, Y; Deng, X; Stull, R
Detailed methodology for mapping Sea Level Rise marsh migration: This document describes the mapping process used by the NOAA Coastal Services Center to map
to map SLR does not incorporate a detailed pipe network analysis or engineering grade hydrologic analysis Considerations handbook (http://www.csc.noaa.gov/topobathy/topographic- and
Final Report: Update of the Glossary of Meteorology, September 1, 1994 - August 3, 1999
The American Meteorological Society has updated the Glossary of Meteorology from the first addition which was published in 1959. The second edition contains over 12,000 entries in meteorology and related fields. The glossary will be made available in both book and CD-ROM formats. DOE was one of six federal agencies that provided support for this project.
American Meteorological Society
IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings TUNA PRICE IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC FACTORS AND SEA SURFACE
IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings 1 TUNA PRICE IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC FACTORS AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN FRESH TUNA MARKET Minling Pan, National Marine Fisheries Services, email@example.com Samuel the main factors that affected seasonal variation of fresh tuna price through a statistical approach
Satellite Measurements of Surface Albedo and Temperatures in Semi-Desert
Measurements of surface parameters in an arid steppe (the semi-desert of the northern Sinai) were made from the NOAA-6 satellite to assess the effects of the vegetation recovery in a fenced-off area. The radiances measured in the solar ...
J. Otterman; C. J. Tucker
Continental Liquid-phase Stratus Clouds at SGP: Meteorological Influences
Continental Liquid-phase Stratus Clouds at SGP: Meteorological Influences Continental Liquid-phase Stratus Clouds at SGP: Meteorological Influences and Relationship to Adiabacity Kim, Byung-Gon Kangnung National University Schwartz, Stephen Brookhaven National Laboratory Miller, Mark Brookhaven National Laboratory Min, Qilong State University of New York at Albany Category: Cloud Properties The microphysical properties of continental stratus clouds observed over SGP appear to be substantially influenced by micrometeorological conditions, such as static stability and updraft velocity. These influences may contribute to the observed weak correlation of aerosol light scattering coefficient with cloud-drop effective radius [Kim et al., JGR, 2003], although aerosol light scattering coefficient is not necessarily the most suitable surrogate aerosol property for number concentration of cloud
Epistemic Uncertainty in Evalustion of Evapotranspiration and Net Infiltration Using Analogue Meteorological Data
Uncertainty is typically defined as a potential deficiency in the modeling of a physical process, owing to a lack of knowledge. Uncertainty can be categorized as aleatoric (inherent uncertainty caused by the intrinsic randomness of the system) or epistemic (uncertainty caused by using various model simplifications and their parameters). One of the main reasons for model simplifications is a limited amount of meteorological data. This paper is devoted to the epistemic uncertainty quantification involved in two components of the hydrologic balance-evapotranspiration and net infiltration for interglacial (present day), and future monsoon, glacial transition, and glacial climates at Yucca Mountain, using the data from analogue meteorological stations. In particular, the author analyzes semi-empirical models used for evaluating (1) reference-surface potential evapotranspiration, including temperature-based models (Hargreaves-Samani, Thornthwaite, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and Turc) and radiation-based models (Priestly-Taylor and Penman), and (2) surface-dependent potential evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith and Shuttleworth-Wallace models). Evapotranspiration predictions are then used as inputs for the evaluation of net infiltration using the semi-empirical models of Budyko, Fu, Milly, Turc-Pike, and Zhang. Results show that net infiltration ranges are expected to generally increase from the present-day climate to monsoon climate, to glacial transition climate, and then to the glacial climate. The propagation of uncertainties through model predictions for different climates is characterized using statistical measures. Predicted evapotranspiration ranges are reasonably corroborated against the data from Class A pan evaporometers (taking into account evaporation-pan adjustment coefficients), and ranges of net infiltration predictions are corroborated against the geochemical and temperature-based estimates of groundwater recharge and percolation rates through the unsaturated zone obtained at Yucca Mountain.
B. Faybishenko
Meteorological field measurements at potential and actual wind turbine sites
An overview of experiences gained in a meteorological measurement program conducted at a number of locations around the United States for the purpose of site evaluation for wind energy utilization is provided. The evolution of the measurement program from its inception in 1976 to the present day is discussed. Some of the major accomplishments and areas for improvement are outlined. Some conclusions on research using data from this program are presented.
Renne, D.S.; Sandusky, W.F.; Hadley, D.L.
Meteorological and topographical indicators of wind energy for regional assessments
Techniques using meteorological and topographical indicators of wind energy, developed by PNL and applied to the Northwest wind resource assessment, improved the reliability of the analysis of the geographical distribution of wind energy. The identification and application of these indicators led to an improved understanding of the conditions associated with high and low wind energy. Furthermore, these indicators are especially useful in complex terrain and wind-data-sparse areas for obtaining a somewhat realistic estimate of the wind energy resource.
Elliott, D. L.
Influence of Subgrid Variability on Surface Hydrology
A 6.25-km resolution dataset of meteorology, vegetation type, and soil type for a domain covering a typical global climate model grid cell is used to drive a land surface physics model for a period of 6 months. Additional simulations are ...
S. J. Ghan; J. C. Liljegren; W. J. Shaw; J. H. Hubbe; J. C. Doran
Road Surface Condition Forecasting in France
A numerical model designed to simulate the evolution of a snow layer on a road surface was forced by meteorological forecasts so as to assess its potential for use within an operational suite for road management in winter. The suite is intended ...
L. Bouilloud; E. Martin; F. Habets; A. Boone; P. Le Moigne; J. Livet; M. Marchetti; A. Foidart; L. Franchistéguy; S. Morel; J. Noilhan; P. Pettré
Decay of Turbulence in the Upper Ocean following Sudden Isolation from Surface Forcing
Measurements of velocity, hydrography, surface meteorology, and microstructure were made through several squall events during a westerly wind burst that occurred in the Western Pacific warm pool in December 1992. Sustained wind forcing generated ...
W. D. Smyth; P. O. Zavialov; J. N. Moum
Estimation of Land Surface Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau Using GMS Data
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (GMS VISSR) images have been used to estimate diurnal variations of land surface temperature distributions over the Tibetan Plateau. The infrared split-window algorithm ...
Yuichiro Oku; Hirohiko Ishikawa
Use of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Finescale Surface Analysis of Synoptic-Scale Fronts at Sea
The viability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a tool for finescale marine meteorological surface analyses of synoptic-scale fronts is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that SAR can reveal the presence of, and the mesoscale and ...
G. S. Young; T. N. Sikora; N. S. Winstead
Patterns of Land Surface Errors and Biases in the Global Forecast System
One year's worth of Global Forecast System (GFS) predictions of surface meteorological variables (wind speed, air temperature, dewpoint temperature, sea level pressure) are validated for land-based stations over the entire planet for forecasts ...
David Werth; Alfred Garrett
The Skill of Precipitation and Surface Temperature Forecasts by the NMC Global Model during DERF II
This study assesses the skill of forecasts of precipitation and surface temperature by the National Meteorological Center's (NMC) global model in the 108 consecutive 30-day forecasts [known as Dynamical Extended Range Forecast II (DERF II)] that ...
Glenn H. White; Eugenia Kalnay; Rodney Gardner; Masao Kanamitsu
The Baseline Surface Radiation Network Pyrgeometer Round-Robin Calibration Experiment
With the aim of improving the consistency of terrestrial and atmospheric longwave radiation measurements within the Baseline Surface Radiation Network, five Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR) pyrgeometers and one modified Meteorological ...
Rolf Philipona; Claus Fröhlich; Klaus Dehne; John DeLuisi; John Augustine; Ellsworth Dutton; Don Nelson; Bruce Forgan; Peter Novotny; John Hickey; Steven P. Love; Steven Bender; Bruce McArthur; Atsumu Ohmura; John H. Seymour; John S. Foot; Masataka Shiobara; Francisco P. J. Valero; Anthony W. Strawa
Interannual Variability of Surface Fields over the Indian Ocean during Recent Decades
The interannual variability of surface meteorological fields over the Indian Ocean during the period 1954–76 is studied using 2 million ship reports obtained from different sources. Monthly mean fields of wind, pressure, air temperature, mixing ...
Daniel L. Cadet; Bradley C. Diehl
Variations in Surface Air Temperature Observations in the Arctic, 1979–97
The statistics of surface air temperature observations obtained from buoys, manned drifting stations, and meteorological land stations in the Arctic during 1979–97 are analyzed. Although the basic statistics agree with what has been published in ...
Ignatius G. Rigor; Roger L. Colony; Seelye Martin
Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Recovery in TOGA COARE: Sensitivity to Convective Organization
Shipboard radar data collected during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) are used in conjunction with surface meteorological data from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute's IMET buoy ...
Thomas R. Saxen; Steven A. Rutledge
Global Soil Moisture from Satellite Observations, Land Surface Models, and Ground Data: Implications for Data Assimilation
Three independent surface soil moisture datasets for the period 1979–87 are compared: 1) global retrievals from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), 2) global soil moisture derived from observed meteorological forcing using the ...
Rolf H. Reichle; Randal D. Koster; Jiarui Dong; Aaron A. Berg
Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Ocean Surface Currents Using Complex and Real-Vector Methods
Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis has been widely used in meteorology and oceanography to extract dominant modes of behavior in scalar and vector datasets. For analysis of two-dimensional vector fields, such as surface winds or ...
James M. Kaihatu; Robert A. Handler; George O. Marmorino; Lynn K. Shay
A Parameterization for Longwave Surface Radiation from Satellite Data: Recent Improvements
Several improvements have been made recently to the parameterization for surface longwave radiation described by Gupta. Model constants have been modified in order to use meteorological data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology ...
Shashi K. Gupta; Wayne L. Darnell; Anne C. Wilber
Toward Automated Identification of Sea Surface Temperature Front Signatures in Radarsat-2 Images
The Canadian Forces Meteorology and Oceanography Center produces a near-daily ocean feature analysis, based on sea surface temperature (SST) images collected by spaceborne radiometers, to keep the fleet informed of the location of tactically ...
Chris T. Jones; Todd D. Sikora; Paris W. Vachon; John Wolfe
From Near-Surface to Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using Year-Round Data
Passive microwave remote sensing may provide quantitative information about the water content of a shallow near-surface soil layer. However, the variable of interest for applications such as short- and medium-term meteorological modeling and ...
Jean-Christophe Calvet; Joël Noilhan
A Model for the Formation and Melting of Ice on Surface Waters
Ice covers have an important influence on the hydrology of surface waters. The growth of ice layer on stationary waters, such as lakes or canals, depends primarily on meteorological parameters like temperature and humidity of the air, windspeed ...
H. A. R. De Bruin; H. R. A. Wessels
Simulated Urban Climate Response to Modifications in Surface Albedo and Vegetative Cover
Three-dimensional meteorological simulations have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of urban surface characteristic modifications on local climate. Results for a base case simulation for the Los Angeles basin are compared to ...
David J. Sailor
An Automated Nowcasting Model of Road Surface Temperature and State for Winter Road Maintenance
Winter road maintenance is an important application field of meteorology in western and northern Europe, North America, and many other parts of the world. In order to provide timely short-period high-accuracy forecasts of road surface temperature ...
J. Shao; P. J. Lister
Numerical Investigations on the Influence of Subgrid-Scale Surface Heterogeneity on Evapotranspiration and Cloud Processes
Numerical experiments were performed with a meso-?-scale meteorological model to investigate the influence of subgrid-scale surface heterogeneity on the prediction of evapotranspiration, cloud, and precipitation formation. The results of ...
Nicole Mölders; Armin Raabe
Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part II: Surface Mass Balance (1840–2010)
Meteorological station records, ice cores, and regional climate model output are combined to develop a continuous 171-yr (1840–2010) reconstruction of Greenland ice sheet climatic surface mass balance (Bclim) and its subcomponents including near-...
Jason E. Box
An Isentropic Meso?-Scale Analysis System and Its Sensitivity to Aircraft and Surface Observations
An objective analysis scheme for meteorological variables on constant potential temperature surfaces is presented. The analysis uses a form of multivariate statistical interpolation and is designed th retain mesoscale detail in disparate ...
Stanley G. Benjamin
Greenland ice sheet mass balance reconstruction. Part II: surface mass balance (1840-2010)
Meteorological station records, ice cores, and regional climate model output are combined to develop a continuous 171-year (1840-2010) reconstruction of Greenland ice sheet climatic surface mass balance (Bclim) and its sub-components including ...
Testing and Diagnosing the Ability of the Bureau of Meteorology's Numerical Weather Prediction Systems to Support Prediction of Solar Energy Production
The ability of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems to predict solar exposure (or insolation) was tested, with the aim of predicting large-scale solar energy several days in advance. The bureau's ...
Paul A. Gregory; Lawrie J. Rikus; Jeffrey D. Kepert
A customisable downscaling approach for local-scale meteorological and air pollution forecasting: Performance evaluation for a year of urban meteorological forecasts
In this paper we develop a customisable downscaling approach for local-scale air quality and meteorological forecasting applications, using The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) with the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM). The CCAM-TAPM system allows ... Keywords: Air pollution modelling, Meteorological modelling, Verification studies
M. Thatcher; P. Hurley
Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon through CMAP, ERS-WSC, and
Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon monsoon. Citation: Philippon, N., E. Mougin, L. Jarlan, and P.-L. Frison (2005), Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon through CMAP, ERS-WSC, and NOAA
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Surface Features of Winter Monsoon Surges over South China
The surface features associated with two kinds of winter monsoon surges over south China are studied: the easterly surge (ES) and the northerly surge (NS). Surface meteorological parameters over the region 15°–50°N, 90°–130°E for the surges that ...
M. C. Wu; Johnny C. L. Chan
ARM - Measurement - Soil surface temperature
surface temperature surface temperature ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Measurement : Soil surface temperature The temperature of the soil measured near the surface. Categories Surface Properties Instruments The above measurement is considered scientifically relevant for the following instruments. Refer to the datastream (netcdf) file headers of each instrument for a list of all available measurements, including those recorded for diagnostic or quality assurance purposes. ARM Instruments AMC : Ameriflux Measurement Component CO2FLX : Carbon Dioxide Flux Measurement Systems SOIL : Soil Measurement from the SGP SWATS : Soil Water and Temperature System MET : Surface Meteorological Instrumentation
NASA GISS Surface Temperature (GISTEMP) Analysis
NASA GISS Surface Temperature (GISTEMP) Analysis NASA GISS Surface Temperature (GISTEMP) Analysis DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/cli.001 Graphics Graphics data Data Contributors Hansen, J.E.,1 R. Ruedy,2 M. Sato,3 and K. Lo2 1National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2SGT, Inc., 3Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA Period of Record 1880-2012 (Anomalies are relative to the 1951-80 base period means.) Methods The NASA GISS Surface Temperature (GISTEMP) analysis provides a measure of the changing global surface temperature with monthly resolution for the period since 1880, when a reasonably global distribution of meteorological stations was established. The input data Hansen et al. use for the analysis, collected by many national meteorological services around the
NOAA aeronomy laboratory quadrennial report, 1989-1992: A summary of the past four years and a look ahead
The NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Quadrennial Report for 1989-1992 is presented. Atmospheric science issues of concern to the Laboratory are discussed. Research conducted by the Laboratory from 1989 to 1992 is described. Research efforts focused on ozone chemistry in the troposphere, the stratospheric ozone layer, and greenhouse gases and climatic change.
Reply to "Comments on 'A Bias in the Midtropospheric Channel Warm Target Factor on the NOAA-9 Microwave Sounding Unit'"
The main finding by Po-Chedley and Fu was that the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) microwave sounding unit (MSU) product has a bias in its NOAA-9 midtropospheric channel (TMT) warm target factor, which leads to a cold bias in the TMT ...
Twenty-Four-Hour Observations of the Marine Boundary Layer Using Shipborne NOAA High-Resolution Doppler Lidar
Shipborne observations obtained with the NOAA high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL) during the 1999 Nauru (Nauru99) campaign were used to study the structure of the marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. During a day with weak ...
Volker Wulfmeyer; Tijana Janji?
OCAO Computer Refreshment Policy The NOAA CAO is responsible for budgeting and procuring all personal computers and other
6/20/2007 OCAO Computer Refreshment Policy Purpose: The NOAA CAO is responsible for budgeting and procuring all personal computers and other support computers used by OCAO staff. To facilitate adequate capital planning and clarify acquisition policies, the following Computer Refreshment Policy
Influence of the meteorology mast on a cup anemometer
The actuator disc model is applied on lattice-type meteorological masts to estimate the influence of the tower on the accuracy of the measured wind speed. Combining the results with corrections for the boom, on which the anemometer is mounted, good agreement is found for measurements made on the mast at Tjoereborg. Iso-speed plots are computed to estimate the influence of different solidities. Depending on the distance from the mast and the solidity the influence from a typical mast is normally less than 3%.
Hansen, M.O.L.; Pedersen, B.M. [Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark). Dept. of Fluid Mechanics
Use of Operational Comparability Techniques to Determine Realtime Acceptability of Meteorological Measurements
Comparability techniques have been applied operationally to processing meteorological measurements. Examples of comparability statistics are presented for both typical and atypical (instrument problem) situations. The comparability techniques ...
A. Edgar Mitchell Jr.; Robert W. Jubach; Ayhan Malkoc; Ray F. Zucker
Observations and modelling of dispersion meteorology in the
Fuelled by offshore natural gas, industrial development is growing steadily in coastal parts of Western Australia's Pilbara region. In this paper, we present an analysis of meteorological data from the area, with an emphasis on those aspects that are important for the dispersion of pollutants. Three distinct wind patterns are identified, corresponding basically to the warmer, cooler and transitional months. The dominant pattern for the transitional months is particularly interesting, consisting of boundary-layer winds, up to a height of about 1000 m, rotating through 360 degrees over a 24-hour period. This can occur over several consecutive days and has implications for the recirculation of pollutants. Onshore winds occur on about 70 per cent of days, suggesting that fumigation of elevated plumes to the ground in thermal internal boundary layers (TIBLs) is also likely to be an important process for dispersion in the region. Data are presented that support the existence of these two processes. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) is used to simulate the mesoscale meteorology of the region. It is able to reproduce the diurnal behaviour of the three wind regimes, as well as the vertical structure observed in early morning and evening wind profiles. A comparison with data shows good simulation of TIBL development in onshore flow and also recirculation of emissions back onshore in early evening, giving confidence in the application of TAPM as an air quality management tool in the Pilbara region.
Pilbara Region; W. L. Physick; K. N. Rayner; P. Mountford; M. Edwards
Monthly Evapotranspiration from Satellite and Conventional Meteorological Observations
Monthly mean satellite measurements of surface heating rate, surface temperature, and normalized difference vegetation index were collected for seven locations in Kansas. These were combined with monthly average surface observations and used in a ...
J. D. Tarpley
NOAA/DOE CWP structural analysis package. [CWPFLY, CWPEXT, COTEC, and XOTEC codes
The theoretical development and computer code user's manual for analysis of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant cold water pipe (CWP) are presented. The analysis of the CWP includes coupled platform/CWP loadngs and dynamic responses. This report with the exception of the Introduction and Appendix F was orginally published as Hydronautics, Inc., Technical Report No. 7825-2 (by Barr, Chang, and Thasanatorn) in November 1978. A detailed theoretical development of the equations describing the coupled platform/CWP system and preliminary validation efforts are described. The appendices encompass a complete user's manual, describing the inputs, outputs and operation of the four component programs, and detail changes and updates implemented since the original release of the code by Hydronautics. The code itself is available through NOAA's Office of Ocean Technology and Engineering Services.
Pompa, J.A.; Lunz, D.F. (eds.)
Time-Distance analysis of the Emerging Active Region NOAA 10790
We investigate the emergence of Active Region NOAA 10790 by means of time--distance helioseismology. Shallow regions of increased sound speed at the location of increased magnetic activity are observed, with regions becoming deeper at the locations of sunspot pores. We also see a long-lasting region of decreased sound speed located underneath the region of the flux emergence, possibly relating to a temperature perturbation due to magnetic quenching of eddy diffusivity, or to a dense flux tube. We detect and track an object in the subsurface layers of the Sun characterised by increased sound speed which could be related to emerging magnetic flux and thus obtain a provisional estimate of the speed of emergence of around $1 {\\rm km s^{-1}}$.
S. Zharkov; M. J. Thompson
Robert Pincus and Crispian Batstone, CIRES/Univ. Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Lab
Characteristic atmospheric profiles at the SGP site: Characteristic atmospheric profiles at the SGP site: Results from the ARM continuous forcing and two climate models Robert Pincus and Crispian Batstone, CIRES/Univ. Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Lab Amy Braverman, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Errors in climate model predictions of cloud properties stem from some combination of (at least) two causes: * the cloud parameterization may produce the wrong cloud properties from a correct atmospheric state (or history of states), or * the cloud parameterization may be driven by incorrect states. Errors seen in long-term climatologies can't distinguish between these two error sources, but the different modes of failure have very different implica- tions for model development. There are two approaches to disentangling these error sources:
A Study of the Sensitivity of Land Surface parameterizations to the Inclusion of Different Fractional Covers and Soil Textures
The inclusion of processes relating to soil type and vegetation is very important in an attempt to improve a land surface parameterization for use in different scale atmospheric models. There is already sample micro-meteorological information ...
D. T. Mihailovic; H. A. R. de Bruin; M. Jeftic; A. Van Dijken
AVHRR-Derived Land Surface Conditions for Flux Simulations with a Mesoscale Model over the HAPEX-Sahel Study Area
The description of land surface conditions at a spatial scale adapted to climate and meteorological models is at the core of major problems in environment studies. In this regard, the information routinely provided by remote sensing observations ...
Roselyne Lacaze; Sylvie Donier; Pierre Lacarrčre; Jean-Louis Roujean
Evaluation of a Mesoscale Model with Different Surface Parameterizations and Vertical Resolutions for the Bay of Valencia
Two different setups of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) are used and the results of 71 forecasts are evaluated with a focus on the accuracy of meteorological surface data including wind, temperature, ...
Hinnerk Ries; K. Heinke Schlünzen
A Southeastern South American Daily Gridded Dataset of Observed Surface Minimum and Maximum Temperature for 1961–2000
This study presents a southeastern South American gridded dataset of daily minimum and maximum surface temperatures for 1961–2000. The data used for the gridding are observed daily data from meteorological stations in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and ...
Bárbara Tencer; Matilde Rusticucci; Phil Jones; David Lister
Observing Long-Period Fluctuations of Surface Winds in the Tropical Pacific: Initial Results from Island Data
The utility of studying low-frequency surface weather phenomena with long time series of meteorological data from tropical Pacific islands is demonstrated. The wind stress changes associated with El Nińo events in the period 1950–78 are examined ...
D. S. Luther; D. E. Harrison
The Use of a Wet-Surface Weighing Lysimeter System in Rainfall Interception Studies of Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
A portable, wet-surface lysimeter system, for measuring the in situ interception characteristics of short to medium height vegetation is described. The system, comprising an electronic balance and meteorological sensors linked to a microcomputer, ...
I. R. Calder; R. L. Hall; R. J. Harding; I. R. Wright
Sea Surface Temperature and Large-Scale Circulation Influences on Tropical Greenhouse Effect and Cloud Radiative Forcing
Two independent sets of meteorological reanalyses are used to investigate relationships between the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and the large-scale vertical motion of the atmosphere for spatial and seasonal variations, as well as for ...
S. Bony; K-M. Lau; Y. C. Sud
Surface Flux Observations on the Southeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean and Attribution of SST Errors in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Models
A new dataset synthesizes in situ and remote sensing observations from research ships deployed to the southeastern tropical Pacific stratocumulus region for 7 years in boreal fall. Surface meteorology, turbulent and radiative fluxes, aerosols, ...
Simon P. de Szoeke; Christopher W. Fairall; Daniel E. Wolfe; Ludovic Bariteau; Paquita Zuidema
The distribution of cloud cover over the former USSR as derived from the RIHMI 223-Station 3-hourly meteorological database
In recent years a great deal of meteorological and climatological data has been exchanged between the two principal climate data centers of the United States and the former Soviet Union: the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), in Asheville, North Carolina, and the Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information (RIHMI) in Obninsk, Russia. This was accomplished via Working Group VIB (Influence of Environmental Changes on Climate) of the bilateral initiative known as the Agreement on Protection of the Environment, established on May 23, 1972 by the United States and the USSR. One of the key datasets compiled by RIHMI includes 3-hourly meteorological observations from 223 USSR stations for the period 1966-83. RIHMI has chosen to use daily and hourly data from these stations as the basis for considerable climate research efforts. These data (hereafter referred to as the RIHMI database) will soon be made available by both NCDC and the Department of Energy`s Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The data have undergone extensive quality assurance checks at RIHMI, NCDC, and CDIAC. The data contain observations of some 22 meteorological variables, including near-surface air temperature, sea level pressure, precipitation amount, weather type, and total cloud cover. This study uses the RIHMI database to examine the spatial distribution of total cloud cover over the former USSR (hereafter referred to as the USSR). In this initial assessment, we focus on comparing our results with total cloud cover data presented in the atlas: Global Distribution of Total Cloud Cover and Cloud Type Amounts Over Land for the common data period 1971-81.
Kaiser, D.P.; Vose, R.S. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Karl, T.R. [National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC (United States); Razuvaev, V.N. [Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk (Russian Federation)
Meteorological Support of Voyager World Flight, 14–23 December 1986
Meteorological support for the record-breaking, nine-day, nonstop, non-refueled flight around the world by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager in the Voyager aircraft 14–23 December 1986 is described. The strict meteorological criteria demanded by the ...
Leonard W. Snellman
An evaluation of meteorologic data differences between the Pantex Plant and Amarillo, Texas
Meteorologic data from the Pantex Plant and from the nearby National Weather Service (NWS) station at the Amarillo, Texas, International Airport were evaluated to determine if the NWS data adequately represented meteorologic conditions at the Pantex Plant. Annual site environmental dose calculations for the Pantex Plant have previously used the NWS data; information from this data comparison helped determine if future environmental dose calculations should use site-specific Pantex meteorologic data. The meteorologic data evaluated were wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability class. Atmospheric stability class data were compared for years 1990 and 1991 and found to be very similar. Stability class designations were identical and one class different in 63% and 30%, respectively, of the paired hourly data. An unexpected finding was the preponderance of Class D stability, which occurred approximately 62% of the time in both data sets. The overall effect of meteorological differences between the two locations was evaluated by performing environmental dose assessments using the GENII dose assessment computer code. Acute and chronic releases of {sup 3}H and {sup 239}Pu were evaluated. Results using the NWS Amarillo meteorologic data were approximately one-half of those generated using Pantex meteorologic data. The two-fold difference in dose results is within the uncertainty expected from current dose assessment codes; therefore, the two meteorologic databases can be used interchangeably and prior dose calculation results using the NWS Amarillo data are acceptable.
Comparison of Model-Predicted Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Material with NOAA Satellite-Observed Seeding Track in Supercooled Layer Clouds
From 0615 to 0749 UTC 14 March 2000, an operation of cloud seeding for precipitation enhancement by aircraft was carried out in the middle part of Shaanxi Province, China. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 satellite ...
Xing Yu; Jin Dai; Daniel Rosenfeld; Hengchi Lei; Xiaohong Xu; Peng Fan; Zhengqi Chen
Intersatellite Radiance Biases for the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on board NOAA-15, -16, and -17 from Simultaneous Nadir Observations
Intersatellite radiance comparisons for the 19 infrared channels of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on board NOAA-15, -16, and -17 are performed with simultaneous nadir observations at the orbital intersections of the ...
Changyong Cao; Hui Xu; Jerry Sullivan; Larry McMillin; Pubu Ciren; Yu-Tai Hou
Spatial and temporal responses of different crop-growing environments to agricultural drought: a study in Haryana state, India using NOAA AVHRR data
Spatial and temporal responses to agricultural drought of different districts with different crop-growing environments were assessed using National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived ...
C. S. Murthy; M. V. R. Sesha Sai; K. Chandrasekar; P. S. Roy
Assimilating AMSU-A Radiances in TC Core Area with NOAA Operational HWRF (2011) and a Hybrid Data Assimilation System: Danielle (2010)
A regional hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation system (HVEDAS), the Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF), is applied to the 2011 version of the NOAA operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model to evaluate the ...
Man Zhang; Milija Zupanski; Min-Jeong Kim; John A. Knaff
Determination of Atmospheric Temperature Profiles from a Statistical Combination of Ground-Based Profiler and Operational NOAA 6/7 Satellite Retrievals
Radiometric soundings from the Wave Propagation Laboratory's ground-based Profiler, the NOAA 6/7 satellites, and the combination of the two, were compared in their ability to derive temperature and moisture profiles. Radiosonde data for the ...
E. R. Westwater; W. B. Sweezy; L. M. McMillin; Charles Dean
Over-Lake Meteorology and Estimated Bulk Heat Exchange of Great Slave Lake in 1998 and 1999
Meteorological and thermistor moorings were deployed in Great Slave Lake during the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Enhanced Study (CAGES) in 1998 and 1999. Large-scale meteorology included influence from a record ENSO ...
William M. Schertzer; Wayne R. Rouse; Peter D. Blanken; Anne E. Walker
Evolution of the Stratosphere during Northern Winter 1991/92 as Diagnosed from U.K. Meteorological Office Analyses
Meteorological analyses, produced at the U.K. Meteorological Office by data assimilation, are used to study the circulation of the stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere during winter 1991/92. The analyses are supplemented by Lagrangian ...
Alan O'Neill; William L. Grose; Victoria D. Pope; Hector Maclean; Richard Swinbank
Teaching Mesoscale Meteorology in the Age of the Modernized National Weather Service: A Report on the Unidata/COMET Workshop
This report summarizes discussions that took place during a Unidata Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) workshop on Mesoscale Meteorology Instruction in the Age of the Modernized Weather Service. The ...
Mohan K. Ramamurthy; Charles Murphy; James Moore; Melanie Wetzel; David Knight; Paul Ruscher; Steve Mullen; Russel DeSouza; Denise S. Hawk; David Fulker
The Impact of Nudging in the Meteorological Model for Retrospective Air Quality Simulations. Part I: Evaluation against National Observation Networks
It is common practice to use Newtonian relaxation, or nudging, throughout meteorological model simulations to create "dynamic analyses" that provide the characterization of the meteorological conditions for retrospective air quality model ...
Poster Sessions J. Dudhia Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division
J. Dudhia J. Dudhia Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO 80307-3000 Introduction The concept of an Integrated Data Assimilation and Sounding System (IDASS) ensures that the needs of data collection are partly determined by the requirements of an assimilating mesoscale model. Hence, the sounding strategy is geared towards allowing the model to do the best possible job in representing the atmosphere over CART sites, for example. It is not clear a priori what density of coverage or types of data are required for a good simulation. In this work, we address the problem of determining the impact of varying the density of coverage of an idea! network by purely numerical experimentation. We use one model run to provide data and another independent run to assimilate it.
1396 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY VOLUME 46 A Combined Local and Nonlocal Closure Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Part II: Application and Evaluation in a Mesoscale Meteorological Model
A new combined local and nonlocal closure atmospheric boundary layer model called the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2, (ACM2) was described and tested in one-dimensional form and was compared with large-eddy simulations and field data in Part I. Herein, the incorporation of the ACM2 into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is described. Model simulations using the MM5 with the ACM2 are made for the summer of 2004 and evaluated through comparison with surface meteorological measurements, rawinsonde profile measurements, and observed planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights derived from radar wind profilers. Overall model performance is as good as or better than similar MM5 evaluation studies. The MM5 simulations with the ACM2 compare particularly well to PBL heights derived from radar wind profilers during the afternoon hours. The ACM2 is designed to simulate the vertical mixing of any modeled quantity realistically for both meteorological models and air quality models. The next step, to be described in a subsequent article, is to incorporate the ACM2 into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for testing and evaluation. 1.
Jonathan E. Pleim
Tonopah Test Range Air Monitoring: CY2012 Meteorological, Radiological, and Airborne Particulate Observations
In 1963, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), predecessor to the US Department of Energy (DOE), implemented Operation Roller Coaster on the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) and an adjacent area of the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) (formerly the Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR)). Operation Roller Coaster consisted of four tests in which chemical explosions were detonated in the presence of nuclear devices to assess the dispersal of radionuclides and evaluate the effectiveness of storage structures to contain the ejected radionuclides. These tests resulted in dispersal of plutonium over the ground surface downwind of the test ground zero. Three tests, Clean Slate 1, 2, and 3, were conducted on the TTR in Cactus Flat; the fourth, Double Tracks, was conducted in Stonewall Flat on the NTTR. DOE is working to clean up and close all four sites. Substantial cleaned up has been accomplished at Double Tracks and Clean Slate 1. Cleanup of Clean Slate 2 and 3 is on the DOE planning horizon for some time in the next several years. The Desert Research Institute installed two monitoring stations, number 400 at the Sandia National Laboratories Range Operations Center and number 401 at Clean Slate 3, in 2008 and a third monitoring station, number 402 at Clean Slate 1, in 2011 to measure radiological, meteorological, and dust conditions. The primary objectives of the data collection and analysis effort are to (1) monitor the concentration of radiological parameters in dust particles suspended in air, (2) determine whether winds are re-distributing radionuclides or contaminated soil material, (3) evaluate the controlling meteorological conditions if wind transport is occurring, and (4) measure ancillary radiological, meteorological, and environmental parameters that might provide insight to the above assessments. The following observations are based on data collected during CY2012. The mean annual concentration of gross alpha and gross beta is highest at Station 400 and lowest at Station 401. This difference may be the result of using filter media at Station 400 with a smaller pore size than the media used at the other two stations. Average annual gamma exposure at Station 401 is slightly greater than at Station 400 and 402. Average annual gamma exposure at all three TTR stations are in the upper range to slightly higher than values reported for the CEMP stations surrounding the TTR. At higher wind speeds, the saltation counts are greater at Station 401 than at Station 402 while the suspended particulate concentrations are greater at Station 402 than at Statin 401. Although these observations seem counterintuitive, they are likely the result of differences in the soil material present at the two sites. Station 401 is located on an interfluve elevated above two adjacent drainage channels where the soil surface is likely to be composed of coarser material. Station 402 is located in finer sediments at the playa edge and is also subject to dust from a dirt road only 500 m to the north. During prolonged high wind events, suspended dust concentrations at Station 401 peaked with the initial winds then decreased whereas dust concentrations at Station 402 peaked with each peak in the wind speed. This likely reflects a limited PM10 source that is quickly expended at Station 401 relative to an abundant PM10 source at Station 402. In CY2013, to facilitate comparisons between radiological analyses of collected dust, the filter media at all three stations will be standardized. In addition, a sequence of samples will be collected at Station 400 using both types of filter media to enable development of a mathematical relationship between the results derived from the two filter types. Additionally, having acquired approximately four years of observations at Stations 400 and 401 and a year of observations at Station 402, a period-of-record analysis of the radiological and airborne dust conditions will be undertaken.
Mizell, Steve A; Nikolich, George; Shadel, Craig; McCurdy, Greg; Miller, Julianne J
A Study of Circadian Rhythm and Meteorological Factors Influencing Acute Myocardial Infarction
The circadian rhythm in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was assessed in three hundred and twenty three patients admitted with AMI during the two-year period June 1992 to May 1994. The influence of the following meteorological, solar-geophysical and cosmic parameters in the causation of an infarct was also considered : (1) surface pressure (2) maximum temperature (3) minimum temperature (4) relative humidity (5) cosmic ray index (6) geomagnetic aa index (7) solar flares and (8) sunspot number. A well pronounced diurnal variability in AMI with a peak in the morning hours (6-12 a.m.) was seen. Further analysis of the data by considering one-hour periods revealed the presence of a smaller evening (10 p.m.) increase in incidence, i.e., the existence of a bimodal circadian rhythm. The simultaneous occurrence of the well documented semi-diurnal rhythm in surface pressure and incidence of acute myocardial infarction were evident. This may be one of the factors involved in the causation of the smaller evening peak-the reasons for which were unclear till now. Month-to-month variation in surface pressure was also found to be significantly correlated with incidence of acute myocardial infarction. Recognition of a circadian rhythm in the onset of AMI suggests the need for enhanced pharmacological protection during the vulnerable periods. Significant correlations were also found between monthly incidence of AMI and month-to-month variation of cosmic ray index and solar flare counts. The pattern of incidence of AMI was seen to be modified by full moon and new moon. There was no association between maximum temperature, minimum temperature or relative humidity and incidence of AMI.
A. M. Selvam; D. Sen; S. M. S. Mody
Overview of observations from the RADAGAST experiment in Niamey, Niger: Meteorology and thermodynamic variables
An overview is presented of the meteorological and thermodynamic data obtained during the RADAGAST experiment in Niamey, Niger, in 2006. RADAGAST (Radiative Atmospheric Divergence using ARM Mobile Facility, GERB data and AMMA STations), combined data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Mobile Facility (AMF) at Niamey airport with broadband satellite data from the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument on Meteosat-8. The experiment was conducted in collaboration with the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. The focus in this paper is on the variations through the year of key surface and atmospheric variables. The seasonal advance and retreat of the InterTropical Front (ITF) and the seasonal changes in near-surface variables and precipitation in 2006 are discussed and contrasted with the behavior in 2005 and with long-term averages. Observations from the AMF at Niamey airport are used to document the evolution of near-surface variables and of the atmosphere above the site. There are large seasonal changes in these variables, from the arid and dusty conditions typical of the dry season to the much moister and more cloudy wet season accompanying the arrival and intensification of the West African monsoon. Back trajectories show the origin of the air sampled at Niamey and profiles for selected case studies from rawinsondes and from a MicroPulse Lidar at the AMF site reveal details of typical atmospheric structures. Radiative fluxes and divergences are discussed in the second part of this overview and the subsequent papers in this special section explore other aspects of the measurements and of the associated modeling.
Slingo, A.; Bharmal, N.; Robinson, G. J.; Settle, Jeff; Allan, R. P.; White, H. E.; Lamb, Peter J.; Lele, M.; Turner, David D.; McFarlane, Sally A.; Kassianov, Evgueni I.; Barnard, James C.; Flynn, Connor J.; Miller, Mark
Control and Monitoring Instrumentation for the Continuous Measurement of Atmospheric CO2 and Meteorological Variables
The NOAA/GMCC program was chartered to monitor the trends in those atmospheric constituents that can cause climate change. A four-observatory network was established, and a 15-year database has resulted for selected variables. At the inception, a ...
G. A. Herbert; E. R. Green; J. M. Harris; G. L. Koenig; S. J. Roughton; K. W. Thaut
American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) obtained from the NOAA Mussel Watch program were screened for DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic response to stressors. Oysters were collected from sites in the Gulf of Mexico having high mercury contamination (measured by NOAA) and from sites with little to no measurable mercury. Assessment of anthropogenic stressors such as mercury in the coastal environment has traditionally relied upon species diversity indices or assays to determine lethal doses. However, these indices fail to examine sub-lethal impacts such as gene expression. A 'global' DNA methylation kit, recently introduced by Sigma-Aldrich, was used to spectrophotometrically compare the degree of methylation in DNA extracted from contaminated oysters and non-contaminated oysters. DNA methylation was higher in oysters from pristine sites than in oysters from contaminated sites.
Brinkmeyer, Robin; Taylor, Robert; Germ, Kaylyn E.
Atmospheric carbon diooxide mixing ratios from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory cooperative flask sampling network, 1967-1993
This data report documents monthly atmospheric CO{sub 2} mixing ratios and measurements obtained by analyzing individual flask air samples for the NOAA/CMDL global cooperative flask sampling network. Measurements include land-based sampling sites and shipboard measurements covering 14 latitude bands in the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea. Analysis of the NOAA/CMDL flask CO{sub 2} database shows a long-term increase in atmospheric CO{sub 2} mixing ratios since the late 1960s. This report describes how the samples are collected and analyzed and how the data are processed, defines limitations, and restrictions of the data, describes the contents and format of the data files, and provides tabular listings of the monthly carbon dioxide records.
Conway, T.J.; Tans, P.P. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO (United States); BBoden, T.A. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
The Sensitivity of Simulated River Discharge to Land Surface Representation and Meteorological Forcings
The discharge of freshwater into oceans represents a fundamental process in the global climate system, and this flux is taken into account in simulations with general circulation models (GCMs). Moreover, the availability of realistic river ...
Stefano Materia; Paul A. Dirmeyer; Zhichang Guo; Andrea Alessandri; Antonio Navarra
Surface Meteorological Observations in Severe Thunderstorms. Part II: Field Experiments with TOTO
The TOTO (Totable Tornado Observatory) device was field tested in the Southern Plains by a severe-storm intercept team from the University of Oklahoma from late May through early June 1981. The results from two intercept missions and a gust-front ...
Howard B. Bluestein
Enhancement of ARM Surface Meteorological Observations during the Fall 1996 Water Vapor Intensive Observation Period
This work describes in situ moisture sensor comparisons that were performed in conjunction with the first Water Vapor Intensive Observation Period (IOP) conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) ...
Scott J. Richardson; Michael E. Splitt; Barry M. Lesht
Developing an Operational, Surface-Based, GPS, Water Vapor Observing System for NOAA: Network Design and Results
The need for a reliable, low-cost observing system to measure water vapor in the atmosphere is incontrovertible. Experiments have shown the potential for using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to measure total precipitable water vapor ...
Daniel E. Wolfe; Seth I. Gutman
The Impact of Satellite Soundings on the National Meteorological Center's Analysis and Forecast System—The Data Systems Test Results
In order to assess the value of remote sounding data for numerical weather prediction, parallel sets of analyses were produced with (SAT) and without (NOSAT) the sounding data from the experimental Nimbus-6 and operational NOAA-4 satellites for ...
M. S. Tracton; A. J. Desmarais; R. J. Van Haaren; R. D. McPherson
An Examination of Meteorological and Soil Moisture Conditions in the Babocomari River Basin Before the Flood Event of 2008
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed a soil moisture observing network in the Babocomari River Basin located in southeastern Arizona. The Babocomari River is a major ...
Robert J. Zamora; Edward P. Clark; Eric Rogers; Michael B. Ek; Timothy M. Lahmers
Analysis of a time series of high spatial resolution vector magnetograms of the active region NOAA 10930 available from the Solar Optical Telescope SpectroPolarimeter on board Hinode revealed that there is a mixture of upward and downward currents in the two footpoints of an emerging flux rope. The flux emergence rate is almost the same in both the polarities. We observe that along with an increase in magnetic flux, the net current in each polarity increases initially for about three days after which it decreases. This net current is characterized by having exactly opposite signs in each polarity while its magnitude remains almost the same most of the time. The decrease of the net current in both the polarities is due to the increase of current having a sign opposite to that of the net current. The dominant current, with the same sign as the net current, is seen to increase first and then decreases during the major X-class flares. Evolution of non-dominant current appears to be a necessary condition for flare initiation. The above observations can be plausibly explained in terms of the superposition of two different force-free states resulting in a non-zero Lorentz force in the corona. This Lorentz force then pushes the coronal plasma and might facilitate the magnetic reconnection required for flares. Also, the evolution of the net current is found to follow the evolution of magnetic shear at the polarity inversion line.
Ravindra, B. [Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034 (India); Venkatakrishnan, P.; Tiwari, Sanjiv Kumar; Bhattacharyya, R., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Udaipur Solar Observatory, Physical Research Laboratory, Dewali, Bari Road, Udaipur 313 001 (India)
The minimum current corona model provides a way to estimate stored coronal energy using the number of field lines connecting regions of positive and negative photospheric flux. This information is quantified by the net flux connecting pairs of opposing regions in a connectivity matrix. Changes in the coronal magnetic field, due to processes such as magnetic reconnection, manifest themselves as changes in the connectivity matrix. However, the connectivity matrix will also change when flux sources emerge or submerge through the photosphere, as often happens in active regions. We have developed an algorithm to estimate the changes in flux due to emergence and submergence of magnetic flux sources. These estimated changes must be accounted for in order to quantify storage and release of magnetic energy in the corona. To perform this calculation over extended periods of time, we must additionally have a consistently labeled connectivity matrix over the entire observational time span. We have therefore developed an automated tracking algorithm to generate a consistent connectivity matrix as the photospheric source regions evolve over time. We have applied this method to NOAA Active Region 11112, which underwent a GOES M2.9 class flare around 19:00 on 2010 October 16th, and calculated a lower bound on the free magnetic energy buildup of {approx}8.25 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 30} erg over 3 days.
Tarr, Lucas; Longcope, Dana [Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 (United States)
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares are the main drivers of weather in space. Understanding how these events occur and what conditions might lead to eruptive events is of crucial importance for up to date and reliable space weather forecasting. The aim of this paper is to present a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) data-inspired model suitable for the simulation of the CME initiation and their early evolution. Starting from a potential magnetic field extrapolation of the active region (AR) NOAA 9415, we solve the full set of ideal MHD equations in a non-zero plasma-{beta} environment. As a consequence of the applied twisting motions, a force-free-magnetic field configuration is obtained, which has the same chirality as the investigated AR. We investigate the response of the solar corona when photospheric motions resembling the ones observed for AR 9415 are applied at the inner boundary. As a response to the converging shearing motions, a flux rope is formed that quickly propagates outward, carrying away the plasma confined inside the flux rope against the gravitational attraction by the Sun. Moreover, a compressed leading edge propagating at a speed of about 550 km s{sup -1} and preceding the CME is formed. The presented simulation shows that both the initial magnetic field configuration and the plasma-magnetic-field interaction are relevant for a more comprehensive understanding of the CME initiation and early evolution phenomenon.
Zuccarello, F. P.; Poedts, S. [Centre for Mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Meliani, Z., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Observatoire de Paris, LUTh, F-92190 Meudon (France)
Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variations: 1851–1984
A new compilation of monthly mean surface air temperature for the Northern Hemisphere for 1851–1984 is presented based on land-based meteorological station data and fixed-position weather ship data. This compilation differs from others in two ...
P. D. Jones; S. C. B. Raper; R. S. Bradley; H. F. Diaz; P. M. Kellyo; T. M. L. Wigley
Southern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variations: 1851–1984
A new compilation of monthly mean surface air temperature data for the Southern Hemisphere for 1851–1984 is presented based on land-based meteorological station data. Where possible, the station data used in the analysis have been assessed for ...
P. D. Jones; S. C. B. Raper; T. M. L. Wigley
Interdecadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part I: The Role of Off-Equatorial Wind Stresses and Oceanic Rossby Waves
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre CGCM and a linear first baroclinic-mode ocean shallow-water model (SWM) are used to investigate ocean dynamic forcing mechanisms of the equatorial Pacific Ocean interdecadal sea surface ...
Shayne McGregor; Neil J. Holbrook; Scott B. Power
Spatially Distributed Sensible Heat Flux over a Semiarid Watershed. Part II: Use of a Variable Resistance Approach with Radiometric Surface Temperatures
Radiometric surface temperature images from aircraft observations over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed, were used with ground-based meteorological data at a reference site for extrapolating estimates of ...
William P. Kustas; Karen S. Humes
Estimating Land Surface Energy Budgets From Space: Review and Current Efforts at the University of Wisconsin—Madison and USDA–ARS
Since the advent of the meteorological satellite, a large research effort within the community of earth scientists has been directed at assessing the components of the land surface energy balance from space. The development of these techniques ...
George R. Diak; John R. Mecikalski; Martha C. Anderson; John M. Norman; William P. Kustas; Ryan D. Torn; Rebecca L. DeWolf
Retrieving the Root-Zone Soil Moisture from Surface Soil Moisture or Temperature Estimates: A Feasibility Study Based on Field Measurements
The bulk soil water content must be estimated accurately for short- and medium-term meteorological modeling. A method is proposed to retrieve the total soil moisture content as well as the field capacity from observed surface parameters such as ...
J-C. Calvet; J. Noilhan; P. Bessemoulin
Trends in Land Evapotranspiration over Canada for the Period 1960–2000 Based on In Situ Climate Observations and a Land Surface Model
An assessment of annual trends in actual evapotranspiration (AET) and associated meteorological inputs is performed at 101 locations across Canada with available long-term hourly surface climate observations to determine if AET in Canada is ...
Richard Fernandes; Vladimir Korolevych; Shusen Wang
Some Effects of Finite Sample Size and Persistence on Meteorological Statistics. Part I: Autocorrelations
Time series of meteorological variables typically exhibit a pronounced annual cycle and persistence and samples are of finite size. This paper analyses the impact of these complicating features on certain statistics computed from the time series. ...
Kevin E. Trenberth
Some Effects of Finite Sample Size and Persistence on Meteorological Statistics.Part II: Potential Predictability
Potential predictability of a meteorological time series can be estimated from the ratio of the actual interannual variability to the natural variability associated with climatic noise. The extent to which this ratio is larger than one is taken ...
Implementation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Meteorological Model
An urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is implemented into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to improve meteorological fields in the urban boundary layer for ...
Tanya L. Otte; Avraham Lacser; Sylvain Dupont; Jason K. S. Ching
A Sequential Variational Algorithm for Data Assimilation in Oceanography and Meteorology
This study theoretically establishes a sequential variational (SVAR) method for the data assimilation in oceanography and meteorology defined on the model space. Requiring a significantly smaller amount of computer memory, theoretically SVAR ...
Srdjan Dobricic
Report on the Fifth International Conference on School and Popular Meteorological and Oceanographic Education (EWOC99)
The Fifth International Conference on School and Popular Meteorological and Oceanographic Education was held 5—9 July 1999 in Ballarat and Melbourne, Australia. Conference delegates included 105 teacher educators, meteorologists, oceanographers, ...
David R. Smith; Joseph M. Moran
Mesoscale Meteorological Structure of a High-Ozone Episode during the 1995 NARSTO-Northeast Study
Observations and numerical model fields were analyzed to study the meteorological structures contributing to high concentrations of lower-tropospheric ozone over the northeastern United States on 14–15 July 1995. It was found that the episode is ...
Nelson L. Seaman; Sara A. Michelson
A time-series method to identify and correct range sidelobes in meteorological radar data
The use of pulse compression techniques to improve the sensitivity of meteorological radars has become increasingly common in recent years. An unavoidable side-effect of such techniques is the formation of 'range sidelobes' which lead to spreading ...
C. D. Westbrook; J. C. Nicol
A Meteorological Analysis of Important Contributors to the 1999–2005 Canadian Prairie Drought
Drought is a complex natural hazard that is endemic to the Canadian prairies. The 1999–2005 Canadian prairie drought, which had great socioeconomic impacts, was meteorologically unique in that it did not conform to the traditional persistent ...
Lisa M. Hryciw; Eyad H. Atallah; Shawn M. Milrad; John R. Gyakum
Mount Kenya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (MKN): Installation and Meteorological Characterization
The meteorological conditions at the Mount Kenya (station identifier MKN) tropical Global Atmosphere Watch Programme station are described. Like other stations in mountainous terrain, the site experiences thermally induced wind systems that ...
Stephan Henne; Wolfgang Junkermann; Josiah M. Kariuki; John Aseyo; Jörg Klausen
Human Factors Psychology in the Support of Forecasting: The Design of Advanced Meteorological Workstations
Advanced Meteorological Processing (AMP) systems will provide a workstation environment to support the activities of operational forecasters and research meteorologists. AMP system research and development projects are underway at laboratories of ...
Robert R. Hoffman
Considerations of Meteorological Time Series in Estimating Regional-Scale Crop Yield
The sensitivity of simulated soybean yield to spatial averaging of meteorological data was analyzed for the central United States during a 23-year period. Regional yield was simulated using the physiological model, SOYGRO, in two sets of ...
Gregory J. Carbone
The Application of a Technique for Vector Correlation to Problems in Meteorology and Oceanography
In a recent study, Crosby et al. proposed a definition for vector correlation that has not been commonly used in meteorology or oceanography. This definition has both a firm theoretical basis and a rather complete set of desirable statistical ...
L. C. Breaker; W. H. Gemmill; D. S. Crosby
Inexpensive Time-Lapse Digital Cameras for Studying Transient Meteorological Phenomena: Dust Devils and Playa Flooding
The authors describe the design and performance of inexpensive and compact time-lapse cameras suitable for field deployment in remote locations for long periods and their application to studying two time-variable meteorological phenomena in arid ...
Ralph D. Lorenz; Brian Jackson; Jason W. Barnes
Grid-based processing of high-volume meteorological data sets
Our energy production increasingly depends on regenerative energy sources, which impose new challenges. One problem is the availability of regenerative energy sources like wind and solar radiation that is influenced by fluctuating meteorological conditions. ...
Guido Scherp; Jan Ploski; Wilhelm Hasselbring
A Multivariate Assessment of Meteorological Influences on Inhalable Particle Source Impacts
This paper identifies the sources of fine and coarse inhalable particles at a site in metropolitan Boston and investigates their respective relationships to meteorological conditions. In this work, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to:...
George D. Thurston; John D. Spengler
Meteorological Events Affecting Cold-Air Pools in a Small Basin
Meteorological events affecting the evolution of temperature inversions or cold-air pools in the 1-km-diameter, high-altitude (~1300 m MSL) Grünloch basin in the eastern Alps are investigated using data from lines of temperature dataloggers ...
Manfred Dorninger; C. David Whiteman; Benedikt Bica; Stefan Eisenbach; Bernhard Pospichal; Reinhold Steinacker
The Formative Rossby-Reichelderfer Period in American Meteorology, 1926–40
By working together between 1926 and 1940, two young meteorologists, Carl-Gustav A. Rossby and Francis W. Reichelderfer, played catalytic roles in the following facets of American meteorology: 1) starting a model airway weather service, 2) ...
Charles C. Bates
Modifying a Mesoscale Meteorological Model to Better Incorporate Urban Heat Storage: A Bulk-Parameterization Approach
A simple bulk-parameterization scheme is implemented in modifying a mesoscale meteorological model to better incorporate urban heat storage. The objective is to improve the quantification of the fluxes associated with heat storage change and to ...
Haider Taha
Evaluation of Meteorological Models MM5 and HOTMAC Using PAFEX-I Data
Two meteorological models, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the hydrostatic version of the Higher-Order Turbulence Model for Atmospheric Circulation (HOTMAC), ...
Sang-Mi Lee; Harindra J. S. Fernando
Dynamic Fire Danger Mapping from Satellite Imagery and Meteorological Forecast Data
This study aims at ascertaining if and how remote sensing data can improve fire danger estimation based on meteorological variables. With this goal in mind, a dynamic estimation of fire danger was performed using an approach based on the ...
Paolo Fiorucci; Francesco Gaetani; Antonio Lanorte; Rosa Lasaponara
Comparisons of the NASA ER-2 Meteorological Measurement System with Radar Tracking and Radiosonde Data
Measurements of aircraft longitude, latitude, and velocity, and measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and horizontal wind from the meteorological measurement system (MMS) on board the NASA ER-2 aircraft were compared with independent ...
Steven E. Gaines; Stuart W. Bowen; R. Stephen Hipskind; T. Paul Bui; K. Roland Chan
Conjugate-Gradient Methods for Large-Scale Minimization in Meteorology
During the last few years new meteorological variational analysis methods have evolved, requiring large-scale minimization of a nonlinear objective function described in terms of discrete variables. The conjugate-gradient method was found to ...
I. M. Navon; David M. Legler
Dynamic-Model-Based Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought over the Contiguous United States
A simple method was developed to forecast 3- and 6-month standardized precipitation indices (SPIs) for the prediction of meteorological drought over the contiguous United States based on precipitation seasonal forecasts from the NCEP Climate ...
Jin-Ho Yoon; Kingtse Mo; Eric F. Wood
Development of Regional Models that Use Meteorological Variables for Predicting Stripe Rust Disease on Winter Wheat
Meteorological variables can be used to predict stripe rust, a disease of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis West., at Lind, Pullman, and Walla Walla, Washington and Pendleton, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Regional ...
Stella Melugin Coakley; William S. Boyd; Roland F. Line
Meteorological Processes Affecting the Evolution of a Wintertime Cold Air Pool in the Columbia Basin
Meteorological mechanisms affecting the evolution of a persistent wintertime cold air pool that began on 2 January and ended on 7 January 1999 in the Columbia basin of eastern Washington were investigated using a mesoscale numerical model ...
Shiyuan Zhong; C. David Whiteman; Xindi Bian; William J. Shaw; John M. Hubbe
Meteorological Impacts of Forest Mortality due to Insect Infestation in Colorado
Physical characteristics of forests and other ecosystems control land–atmosphere exchanges of water and energy and partly dictate local and regional meteorology. Insect infestation and resulting forest dieback can alter these characteristics and, ...
Christine Wiedinmyer; Michael Barlage; Mukul Tewari; Fei Chen
Contrasting Meteorological Conditions Associated with Winter Storms at Denver and Colorado Springs
Case studies of heavy snowstorms at Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado, indicate that they occur under different meteorological conditions. The authors examine the hypothesis that there are in fact fundamental differences between the synoptic ...
Jennifer Luppens Mahoney; John M. Brown; Edward I. Tollerud
An Electrical-Readout, Oven-Controlled, Aneroid Barometer for Meteorological Application
An electrical readout, aneroid barometer is described, suitable for meteorological use, which operates in a constant temperature (40°C) enclosure to eliminate corrections to calibration coefficients (?0, ??0) for variations in ambient ...
J. R. Garratt; I. G. Bird; J. Stevenson
Bhopal Gas Leak: A Numerical Investigation of the Prevailing Meteorological Conditions
A three-dimensional mesoscale model was used to understand the meteorological conditions and the influence of the terrain on the local flow pattern during the Bhopal methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas leak. The study reveals that under the prevailing ...
Maithili Sharan; S. G. Gopalakrishnan; R. T. McNider; M. P. Singh
Application of Continuous Dynamic Grid Adaption Techniques to Meteorological Modeling. Part I: Basic Formulation and Accuracy
The continuous dynamic grid adaption (CDGA) technique developed in astrophysics and aeronautics is applied, to our knowledge, for the first time to meteorological modeling. The aim of CDGA is to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions of ...
Gary S. Dietachmayer; Kelvin K. Droegemeier
The Accuracy of Voluntary Observing Ships' Meteorological Observations-Results of the VSOP-NA
For the Voluntary Observing Ships Special Observing Project for the North Atlantic (VSOP-NA), the layout, meteorological instrumentation, and observing practices of 45 voluntary observing ships (VOS) operating in the North Atlantic were ...
Elizabeth C. Kent; Peter K. Taylor; Bruce S. Truscott; John S. Hopkins
The Regional Analysis and Forecast System of the National Meteorological Center
The three components of the Regional Analysis and Forecast System (RAFS) of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) are described. This system was implemented in March 1985 to supplement guidance from NMC's limited-area fine-mesh model (LFM), ...
James E. Hoke; Norman A. Phillips; Geoffrey J. Dimego; James J. Tuccillo; Joseph G. Sela
On the Completeness of Multi-Variate Optimum Interpolation for Large-Scale Meteorological Analysis
The Baer-Tribbia nonlinear modal initialization method implies that large-scale meteorological analyses should focus on analysis of slow mode fields. An idealized multi-variate optimum interpolation analysis is shown to produce grid point results ...
Norman A. Phillips
The Transmission of Sunlight through Cloudy Skies: An Analysis Based on Standard Meteorological Information
This work examines the use of standard meteorological information to describe the attenuation of sunlight associated with cloudy skies. Datasets consisting of broadband ultraviolet and total spectrally integrated solar irradiance are available ...
John E. Frederick; H. Donnan Steele
Spatial Resolution Impacts on National Meteorological Center Nested Grid Model Simulations
Forecasts from different resolution versions of the National Meteorological Center Nested Grid Model (NGM) are compared for two case studies to assess an optimal ratio of model vertical and horizontal resolutions. Four combinations are considered:...
David D. Houghton; Ralph A. Petersen; Richard L. Wobus
Evolution of the National Meteorological Center Global Data Assimilation System: January 1982–December 1983
A number of changes were made to the National Meteorological Center global data assimilation system (GDAS) during 1982 and 1983. The most significant of these changes was the replacement of the quasi-univariate, sigma-coordinate optimum ...
Clifford H. Dey; Lauren L. Morone
Two Years of Operational Comprehensive Hydrostatic Quality Control at the National Meteorological Center
A comprehensive hydrostatic quality control (CHQC) procedure for rawinsonde heights and temperatures was implemented into operational use at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) in December 1988. The CHQC uses a sophisticated decision-making ...
Lev S. Gandin; Lauren L. Morone; William G. Collins
Supporting Meteorological Field Experiment Missions and Postmission Analysis with Satellite Digital Data and Products
Atmospheric and oceanographic field experiments are an important part of research programs aimed at enhancing observational analyses of meteorological and oceanic phenomena, validating new datasets, and/or supporting hypotheses. The Bulletin of the ...
Jeffrey Hawkins; Christopher Velden
The National Meteorological Center's Quasi-Lagrangian Model for Hurricane Prediction
A description is presented of the National Meteorological Center's Quasi-Lagrangian Model (QLM), which is used for operational hurricane prediction. The model uses the primitive equations with high horizontal and vertical resolution, and includes ...
Mukut B. Mathur
A Split Explicit Reformulation of the Regional Numerical Weather Prediction Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency
The split explicit integration scheme for numerical weather prediction models is employed in a version of the regional numerical weather prediction model of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed in ...
Dean G. Duffy
Meteorological and Electrical Conditions Associated with Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning
Meteorological and electrical conditions associated with the occurrence of positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning (i.e., lightning that lowers positive charge to ground) are examined. Results from case studies in winter and summer storms reveal ...
Cynthia D. Engholm; Earle R. Williams; Randall M. Dole
An Assessment of the Level of Mathematics in Introductory Meteorology Textbooks
A review of introductory meteorology textbooks shows a wide difference in the level of mathematical treatment of atmospheric principles—from virtually none to fairly high. Particular deficiencies include lack of equations integrated into the text,...
Stan L. Ulanski
WAS*IS: Building a Community for Integrating Meteorology and Social Science
Weather and Society*Integrated Studies (WAS*IS) is a grassroots movement to change the weather enterprise by comprehensively and sustainably integrating social science into meteorological research and practice. WAS*IS is accomplishing this by ...
Julie L. Demuth; Rebecca E. Morss; Jeffrey K. Lazo; Eve Gruntfest; Sheldon Drobot
Guidelines for Using Color to Depict Meteorological Information: IIPS Subcommittee for Color Guidelines
Color has a long history of use for visually communicating weather information; however, the mapping of colors to meteorological features has been dictated, for the most part, by common practice and has remained undocumented throughout the ...
A Meteorological Distribution System for High-Resolution Terrestrial Modeling (MicroMet)
An intermediate-complexity, quasi–physically based, meteorological model (MicroMet) has been developed to produce high-resolution (e.g., 30-m to 1-km horizontal grid increment) atmospheric forcings required to run spatially distributed ...
Glen E. Liston; Kelly Elder
Charles Darwin's Meteorological Observations aboard the H.M.S. Beagle
Charles Darwin, as a trained naturalist and observer, recorded many intriguing meteorological phenomena during the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle around the world from 1831 to 1836. Unfortunately, the scientific community has, in general, neglected ...
Pattern-Based Evaluation of Coupled Meteorological and Air Quality Models
A novel pattern-based model evaluation technique is proposed and demonstrated for air quality models (AQMs) driven by meteorological model (MM) output. The evaluation technique is applied directly to the MM output; however, it is ultimately used ...
Scott Beaver; Saffet Tanrikulu; Ahmet Palazoglu; Angadh Singh; Su-Tzai Soong; Yiqin Jia; Cuong Tran; Bruce Ainslie; Douw G. Steyn
Performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model in Predicting the Movement of Tropical Cyclones
A detailed evaluation of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model (UKMO) in predicting the movement of 15 tropical cyclones (TCs) that occurred over the western North Pacific during 1987 is presented. The ...
Johnny C. L. Chan; Wai-Kau Kay
Master Thesis at ForWind in Wind Energy Meteorology Development of a Methodology to characterize
-temporal effects of weather dependant Renewable Energies like wind and solar power. These models will be used with data from a weather model and exists already at ForWind. Requirements -enthusiasm for meteorology and
Heinemann, Detlev
METR 3223: Physical Meteorology II: Cloud Physics, Atmospheric Electricity and Optics
METR 3223: Physical Meteorology II: Cloud Physics, Atmospheric Electricity and Optics CLASS: Monday as atmospheric electricity and optics. Specific topics that will be covered are as follows: Cloud physics: Review Observation studies Atmospheric electricity: Electrostatics Electromagnetic wave Thunderstorm charging
Droegemeier, Kelvin K.
Affordability of Meteorology Graduate Programs in the United States and Canada
The authors surveyed 55 university departments in the United States and Canada that grant doctor of philosophy and/or master of science degrees in meteorology or the atmospheric sciences. Two-thirds of university departments responded. Survey ...
Matthew S. Gilmore; E. Richard Toracinta
Aerospace Meteorology: Some Lessons Learned from the Development and Application of NASA Terrestrial Environment Design Criteria
Aerospace meteorology plays an important role in the design, development, and operation of aerospace vehicles. Many of the issues and lessons presented occurred during the involvement of the authors with the development and interpretation of aerospace ...
William W. Vaughan; Dale L. Johnson
The Use of Simultaneous Horizontal and Vertical Transmissions for Dual-Polarization Radar Meteorological Observations
Observations are presented in which the standard dual-polarization meteorological quantities (ZDR, dp, and ?HV) are determined from simultaneous horizontal (H) and vertical (V) transmissions. The return signals are measured in parallel H and V ...
Richard D. Scott; Paul R. Krehbiel; William Rison
Consequence analysis to support documented safety analysis requires the use of one or more years of representative meteorological data for atmospheric transport and dispersion calculations. At minimum, the needed meteorological data for most atmospheric transport and dispersion models consist of hourly samples of wind speed and atmospheric stability class. Atmospheric stability is inferred from measured and/or observed meteorological data. Several methods exist to convert measured and observed meteorological data into atmospheric stability class data. In this paper, one year of meteorological data from a western Department of Energy (DOE) site is processed to determine atmospheric stability class using two methods. The method that is prescribed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for supporting licensing of nuclear power plants makes use of measurements of vertical temperature difference to determine atmospheric stability. Another method that is preferred by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) relies upon measurements of incoming solar radiation, vertical temperature gradient, and wind speed. Consequences are calculated and compared using the two sets of processed meteorological data from these two methods as input data into the MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System 2 (MACCS2) code.
Use of Monthly Mean Data to Compute Surface Turbulent Fluxes in the Tropical Pacific
This study investigates to what extent monthly mean surface meteorological variables can be used to estimate surface turbulent fluxes in the equatorial Pacific. The two-year data from the TOGA TAO moored buoy array are used to compute the monthly ...
Guang Jun Zhang
Cabauw Experimental Results from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes
In the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes phase 2a experiment, meteorological data for the year 1987 from Cabauw, the Netherlands, were used as inputs to 23 land-surface flux schemes designed for use in climate ...
T. H. Chen; A. Henderson-Sellers; P. C. D. Milly; A. J. Pitman; A. C. M. Beljaars; J. Polcher; F. Abramopoulos; A. Boone; S. Chang; F. Chen; Y. Dai; C. E. Desborough; R. E. Dickinson; L. Dümenil; M. Ek; J. R. Garratt; N. Gedney; Y. M. Gusev; J. Kim; R. Koster; E. A. Kowalczyk; K. Laval; J. Lean; D. Lettenmaier; X. Liang; J.-F. Mahfouf; H.-T. Mengelkamp; K. Mitchell; O. N. Nasonova; J. Noilhan; A. Robock; C. Rosenzweig; J. Schaake; C. A. Schlosser; J.-P. Schulz; Y. Shao; A. B. Shmakin; D. L. Verseghy; P. Wetzel; E. F. Wood; Y. Xue; Z.-L. Yang; Q. Zeng
Both magnetic and current helicities are crucial ingredients for describing the complexity of active-region magnetic structure. In this Letter, we present the temporal evolution of these helicities contained in NOAA active region 11158 during five days from 2011 February 12 to 16. The photospheric vector magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory were used as the boundary conditions for the coronal field extrapolation under the assumption of nonlinear force-free field, from which we calculated both relative magnetic helicity and current helicity. We construct a time-altitude diagram in which altitude distribution of the magnitude of current helicity density is displayed as a function of time. This diagram clearly shows a pattern of upwardly propagating current helicity density over two days prior to the X2.2 flare on February 15 with an average propagation speed of {approx}36 m s{sup -1}. The propagation is synchronous with the emergence of magnetic flux into the photosphere, and indicative of a gradual energy buildup for the X2.2 flare. The time profile of the relative magnetic helicity shows a monotonically increasing trend most of the time, but a pattern of increasing and decreasing magnetic helicity above the monotonic variation appears prior to each of two major flares, M6.6 and X2.2, respectively. The physics underlying this bump pattern is not fully understood. However, the fact that this pattern is apparent in the magnetic helicity evolution but not in the magnetic flux evolution makes it a useful indicator in forecasting major flares.
Jing, Ju; Liu, Chang; Lee, Jeongwoo; Xu, Yan; Deng, Na; Wang, Haimin [Space Weather Research Laboratory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States); Park, Sung-Hong [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-348 (Korea, Republic of); Wiegelmann, Thomas, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Max Planck Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany)
It is well known that photospheric flux emergence is an important process for stressing coronal fields and storing magnetic free energy, which may then be released during a flare. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) captured the entire emergence of NOAA AR 11158. This region emerged as two distinct bipoles, possibly connected underneath the photosphere, yet characterized by different photospheric field evolutions and fluxes. The combined active region complex produced 15 GOES C-class, two M-class, and the X2.2 Valentine's Day Flare during the four days after initial emergence on 2011 February 12. The M and X class flares are of particular interest because they are nonhomologous, involving different subregions of the active region. We use a Magnetic Charge Topology together with the Minimum Current Corona model of the coronal field to model field evolution of the complex. Combining this with observations of flare ribbons in the 1600 A channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board SDO, we propose a minimization algorithm for estimating the amount of reconnected flux and resulting drop in magnetic free energy during a flare. For the M6.6, M2.2, and X2.2 flares, we find a flux exchange of 4.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 20} Mx, 2.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 20} Mx, and 21.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 20} Mx, respectively, resulting in free energy drops of 3.89 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 30} erg, 2.62 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 30} erg, and 1.68 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 32} erg.
Tarr, Lucas; Longcope, Dana; Millhouse, Margaret [Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 (United States)
Analysis of 2011 Meteorological Data from the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and Kesselring Site Operations Facilities
Both the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) in Schenectady, NY and the Kesselring Site Operations (KSO) facility near Ballston Spa, NY are required to estimate the effects of hypothetical emissions of radiological material from their respective facilities by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which regulates these facilities. An atmospheric dispersion model known as CAP88, which was developed and approved by the EPA for such purposes, is used by KAPL and KSO to meet this requirement. CAP88 calculations over a given time period are based on statistical data on the meteorological conditions for that period. Both KAPL and KSO have on-site meteorological towers which take atmospheric measurements at a frequency ideal for EPA regulatory model input. However, an independent analysis and processing of the meteorological data from each tower is required to derive a data set appropriate for use in the CAP88 model. The National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) was contracted by KAPL to process the on-site data for the calendar year 2011. The purpose of this document is to: (1) summarize the procedures used in the preparation/analysis of the 2011 meteorological data; and (2) document adherence of these procedures to the guidance set forth in 'Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications', EPA document - EPA-454/R-99-005 (EPA-454). This document outlines the steps in analyzing and processing meteorological data from the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and Kesselring Site Operations facilities into a format that is compatible with the steady state dispersion model CAP88. This process is based on guidance from the EPA regarding the preparation of meteorological data for use in regulatory dispersion models. The analysis steps outlined in this document can be easily adapted to process data sets covering time period other than one year. The procedures will need to be modified should the guidance in EPA-454 be updated or revised.
Aluzzi, F J
Evolution of Ozone, Particulates, and Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing in the Vicinity of Houston Using a Fully Coupled Meteorology-Chemistry-Aerosol Model
A new fully-coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model is used to simulate the urban to regional scale variations in trace gases, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston over a five day summer period. Model performance is evaluated using a wide range of meteorological, chemistry, and particulate measurements obtained during 2000 Texas Air Quality Study. The predicted trace gas and particulate distributions were qualitatively similar to the surface and aircraft measurements with considerable spatial variations resulting from urban, power plant, and industrial sources of primary pollutants. Sulfate, organic carbon, and other inorganics were the largest constituents of the predicted particulates. The predicted shortwave radiation was 30 to 40 W m-2 closer to the observations when the aerosol optical properties were incorporated into the shortwave radiation scheme; however, the predicted hourly aerosol radiative forcing was still under-estimated by 10 to 50 W m-2. The predicted aerosol radiative forcing was larger over Houston and the industrial ship channel than over the rural areas, consistent with surface measurements. The differences between the observed and simulated aerosol radiative forcing resulted from transport errors, relative humidity errors in the upper convective boundary layer that affect aerosol water content, secondary organic aerosols that were not yet included in the model, and uncertainties in the primary particulate emission rates. The current model was run in a predictive mode and demonstrates the challenges of accurately simulating all of the meteorological, chemical, and aerosol parameters over urban to regional scales that can affect aerosol radiative forcing.
Fast, Jerome D.; Gustafson, William I.; Easter, Richard C.; Zaveri, Rahul A.; Barnard, James C.; Chapman, Elaine G.; Grell, Georg; Peckham, S. E.
Performance of a new wind updating system for a prognostic meteorological model in the environs of Mexico City
Los Alamos National Laboratory and Institute Mexicano del Petroleo are completely a joint study of options for improving air quality in Mexico City. The US Department of Energy supported the efforts of the Los Alamos investigators, while PEMEX supported the efforts of the Mexican researchers. One of the first steps in the process was to develop an understanding of the existing air quality situation. In this context we have modified a three-dimensional, prognostic, higher order turbulence model for atmospheric circulation (HOTMAC) to treat domains which include an urbanized area. This sophisticated meteorological model is required because of the complexity of the terrain and the relative paucity of meteorological data. Mexico City lies at an elevation of approximately 7500 feet above sea level in a ``U`` shaped basin which opens to the north. The city occupies a major part of the southwest portion of the basin. Upper level winds are provided by rawinsondes at the airport, while low-level winds are measured at several sites within the city. Many of the sites have obstructed upwind fetches for a variety of directions. During the wintertime when the worst air quality episodes occur, the winds are frequently light, and out of the northeast at lower levels, while above 1000 meters above the surface they are usually from the southwest. This means the winds are light within the city, but significant slope winds develop which influence the behavior of the pollutants. Frequently, the winds in the basin change as a seabreeze penetrates the basin from the northeast. The seabreeze produces a much different wind regime after its arrival in the late afternoon or early evening. This makes it important to update the winds in a realistic fashion.
Williams, M.D.
The potential of different artificial neural network (ANN) techniques in daily global solar radiation modeling based on meteorological data
The main objective of present study is to predict daily global solar radiation (GSR) on a horizontal surface, based on meteorological variables, using different artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. Daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation, and wind speed values between 2002 and 2006 for Dezful city in Iran (32 16'N, 48 25'E), are used in this study. In order to consider the effect of each meteorological variable on daily GSR prediction, six following combinations of input variables are considered: (I)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature and relative humidity as inputs and daily GSR as output. (II)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature and sunshine hours as inputs and daily GSR as output. (III)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours as inputs and daily GSR as output. (IV)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and evaporation as inputs and daily GSR as output. (V)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed as inputs and daily GSR as output. (VI)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation and wind speed as inputs and daily GSR as output. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are applied for daily GSR modeling based on six proposed combinations. The measured data between 2002 and 2005 are used to train the neural networks while the data for 214 days from 2006 are used as testing data. The comparison of obtained results from ANNs and different conventional GSR prediction (CGSRP) models shows very good improvements (i.e. the predicted values of best ANN model (MLP-V) has a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) about 5.21% versus 10.02% for best CGSRP model (CGSRP 5)). (author)
Behrang, M.A.; Assareh, E. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch (Iran); Ghanbarzadeh, A.; Noghrehabadi, A.R. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz (Iran)
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-22 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OSWECO RIVER PLUME AND ITS INFLUENCE
-Mohawk Steam Station flow and sampling periods during 1972. Configuration of plume and specific conductance of plume and specific conductance at surface, 22 June. Surface temperature distribution, 22 June to the thermocline, 22 June. Mean area1 distribution of plume. Results based on specific conductance and expressed
A Surface Mooring for Air–Sea Interaction Research in the Gulf Stream. Part I: Mooring Design and Instrumentation
The design of a surface mooring for deployment in the Gulf Stream in the Mid-Atlantic Bight is described. The authors' goals were to observe the surface meteorology; upper-ocean variability; and air–sea exchanges of heat, freshwater, and momentum ...
Robert A. Weller; Sebastien P. Bigorre; Jeffrey Lord; Jonathan D. Ware; James B. Edson