text:
Home → Recent Decisions and Library Copies
Recent MLRB Decisions
As the MLRB issues new decisions, they will be formatted for publication on this website and a link to the decision will be added to this page. Below are links to the most recent decisions, and a very brief summary of the case. For a list of pdf copies of decisions issued in the past few years, go to library copies .
February 18, 2015, Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Cumberland County Commissioners, Case No. 15-11.
The Board dismissed the Union's complaint that the County failed to bargain in good faith by refusing to agree to the Union's proposals or to offer any counterproposals on a particular subject because under the "totality of the circumstances" test, the County's conduct demonstrated a sincere desire to reach an agreement.
February 5, 2015,Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Oxford County, Case No. 15-05.
The Board found a 964(1)(A) violation in concluding that the Sheriff's cancellation of the outside details for two months after receiving an arbitration decision on scheduling the details could reasonably be said to interfere with the free exercise of employee rights under the Act.
December 18, 2014, AFSCME Council 93 and Town of Readfield, Case No. 15-UDA-01.
The affirmed the Hearing Examiner's unit conclusion in 14-UD-05 that the Town Clerk must be excluded from the unit pursuant to 26 M.R.S.A. § 962(6)(B) because she was appointed to office as specified in that provision.
September 19, 2014, AFSCME Council 93 and Town of Readfield, Case No. 14-UD-05.
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the petitioned-for bargaining unit of the Town of Readfield employees was appropriate except that the Town Clerk must be excluded from the unit pursuant to 26 M.R.S.A. § 962(6)(B).
June 11, 2014, Appeal of 14-UD-01, Central Lincoln County Educational Specialists Assoc./MEA and AOS #93 14-UDA-01. The Board affirmed the dismissal of the petition because the AOS was not the employer of the specialists.
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the petitioned-for bargaining unit of the Town of Readfield employees was appropriate except that the Town Clerk must be excluded from the unit pursuant to 26 M.R.S.A. § 962(6)(B).
May 15, 2014, RSU No. 38 Board of Directors and Maranacook Area Schools Assoc., Case No. 14-19SQ.
In response to a Petition for a Status Quo Determination under 26 MRSA section 964-A(2), the Board determined that the provision in the parties' expired collective bargaining agreement stating that employees shall move up one level of the salary scale each year was indistinguishable from the step increases that the Law Court disallowed in COLT and was therefore not enforceable pursuant to the status quo doctrine.
April 8, 2014, Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Town of Warren, Case No. 14-UD-03.
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the petitioned-for bargaining unit of the Highway Supervisor and Highway Worker/Driver positions was appropriate and that the scope and degree of supervisory functions exercised by the Supervisor did not warrant assigning that position to a separate bargaining unit.
March 21, 2014, Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Town of Eliot, Case No. 14-04.
The Board concluded that the Town violated the Act by reducing the hours of employment of an employee without prior notice to the bargaining agent to provide a reasonable opportunity to demand bargaining about the reduction and its impact.
March 20, 2014, Central Lincoln County Educational Specialists Assoc./MEA and AOS #93, Case No. 14-UD-01. (Board's decision on appeal, 14-UDA-01, issued June 11, 2014)
The Hearing Examiner dismissed the petition because the specialists namned in the petition were not employees of AOS #93 and, if they were, they would be barred from filing the petition by the contract bar rule.
December 17, 2013, AFSCME Council 93 and Penobscot County, Case No. 14-UCA-01 and 14-UCA-01 pdf.
The Board upheld the hearing examiner's dismissal of the unit clarification petition that sought to add part-time employees to an existing unit of the Sheriff's Department because the Petitioner had failed to demonstrate that the circumstances had changed sufficiently to warrant modification of the unit.
December 10, 2013, Teamsters Union Local 340 and Town of Van Buren, Case No. 13-UD-07 and 13-UD-08 and 13-UD-07 pdf.
The Hearing Examiner determined that the two bargaining units proposed, a General Government Unit and a Public Works Unit, were appropriate and ordered bargaining agent elections in both units.
October 31, 2013, MSLEA and Timothy McLaughlin v. State of Maine, Dept of Corrections, Case No. 13-15 and 13-15 pdf.
The Board dismissed the complaint because the facts as alleged do not, as a matter of law, constitute a violation of the Act. The Board held that during the consideration of a motion to dismiss, documents supplied by either party that are not part of the complaint may be considered if the authenticity of the documents is not challenged and the documents are central to the complaint or are referred to in the complaint.
August 20, 2013, AFSCME and Penobscot County Sheriff's Department, Case No. 12-UC-03 and 12-UC-03 pdf.
The Hearing Examiner denied the unit clarification petition seeking to add part-time Corrections Division employees to the existing Penobscot County Sheriff's Department Line Unit because the Petitioner had failed to demonstrate that there were sufficient changed circumstances to justify adding positions to the unit mid-term.
May 24, 2013, Local 1476, IAFF v. City of South Portland, Case No. 12-05 and 12-05 pdf.
The Board majority rejected the Union's charge that the City of South Portland had a statutory duty to bargain over the decision to implement a new overtime hiring policy that changed the procedure for notifying employees of overtime, noting that the changes did not rise to the level of being a material or significant change in a working condition. The Board majority did, however, require the City to bargain over the impact of the new policy to the extent that it was not already covered by the contract. The dissent would have required the City to bargain over both the decision to implement the policy and the impact.
February 12 , 2013, Maine State Employees Assoc. v. Maine Turnpike Authority, Case No. 12-08 and 12-08 pdf.
The Board rejected the Union's charge that disciplining a union member for complying with his attorney's instructions during arbitration was discriminatory in violation of 965(1)(B). The Board concluded that the imposition of the discipline was not interference, restraint or coercion in violation of 965(1)(A), but the delay in rescinding the discipline was a (1)(A) violation.
February 13, 2013 (reissue), Teamsters Union Local 340 and City of Westbrook, Unit Determination Report, Case No. 13-UD-01 and 13-UD-01 pdf.
The Hearing examiner concluded that the per diem fire/rescue workers were not on-call employees within the meaning of 26 M.R.S.A. § 962(G), that they share a community of interest with the full-time fire/rescue workers, and should be included in the full-time fire/rescue workers' bargaining unit.
January 2, 2013, AFSCME Council 93 v. City of Portland, Order Clarification for case No. 12-10 and 12-10 pdf.
The Board clarified its order of November 15, 2012. (Note: The Order Clarification is appended to the November 15, 2012, Decision and Order)
November 29, 2012, Freeport Police Benevolent Assoc. and Town of Freeport, No. 13-UDA-01and 13-UDA-01 pdf.
The Board affirmed the Executive Director's decision in 12-UD-05 denying the petition for unit determination to add the sergeants to the patrol officers bargaining unit.
November 15, 2012, AFSCME Council 93 v. City of Portland, No. 12-10 and 12-10 pdf.
The Board concluded that the City of Portland violated the Act by splitting a vacant full-time bargaining unit position into two part-time positions without first giving notice and an opportunity to bargain to the bargaining agent.
November 13, 2012, Local 1373, AFSCME Council 93 v. City of Portland, No. 12-13 and 12-13 pdf.
The Board concluded that the City of Portland was required to provide the relevant information requested by the Union, but in this case it was not required to provide that information in writing.
October 12, 2012, City of Augusta v. Local 1650 IAFF and MLRB, Kennebec County Superior Court Decision AP-11-64 and AP-11-64 pdf.
The Superior Court affirmed the Board's Status Quo Determination in case No. 11-03SQ.
August 31, 2012, Teamsters Union Local 340 ( Petitioner), National Correctional Employees Union, and York County, Unit Determination Report No. 12-UD-02 (html) .
The Hearing Examiner denied the petition to sever the lieutenants, sergeants, and corporals out of the existing Corrections and Supervisory Employees Unit of the York County Sheriff's Department.
August 6, 2012, MSEA v. State of Maine, Interim Order on Appeal of Executive Director's Dismissal, No. 12-17 and 12-17 Interim Order pdf
The Board affirmed the Executive Director's decision in part and reinstated the complaint in part.
June 6, 2012, MSAD #6 Board of Directors v. Saco Valley Teachers Association/MEA, Interim Order, No. 12-20 (html) and No. 12-20 (pdf).
The Board denied the Complainant's request for a stay of a scheduled fact-finding hearing.
May 24, 2012, Sanford School Committee and Central Office Staff EA/MEA/NEA, Decision and Order on Appeal of Unit Determination and Unit Clarification, No. 12-UDA-01 (html) and No. 12-UDA-01 (pdf).
The Board modified the Hearing Examiner's Order by excluding two employees as confidential employees, placing another employee in an existing unit, and affirmed the Examiner's finding that the remaining employees in the proposed unit constituted an appropriate bargaining unit.
March 27, 2012, Aline C. Dupont v. Maine State Employees Association, Decision on Appeal of Executive Director's Dismissal No. 11-05 (pdf)
The Board affirmed the Executive Director's dismissal of a complaint alleging that the union breached its duty of fair representation in handling the complainant's termination grievance and by not taking her grievance to arbitration.
January 19, 2012, Maine State Troopers Association Petition for Interpretive Ruling, Interpretive Ruling No. 12-IR-01 (html) and No. 12-IR-01 (pdf)
The Board denied most of the request for an interpretive ruling, but did issue a ruling on how section E-1 of P.L.2011, ch. 380 affects the statutory obligation to bargain imposed by SELRA.
December 15, 2011, IAFF Local 1650 v. City of Augusta, Decision and Order, No. 11-03 (html) and No. 11-03 (pdf)
The Board concluded that an evergreen clause signed by the parties' negotiators was not binding on the parties because it was not ratified by the principals as required.
December 15, 2011, IAFF Local 1650 v. City of Augusta, Status Quo Determination, No. 11-03SQ (html) and No. 11-03SQ(pdf)
The Board considered three provisions of the expired collective bargaining agreement and determined that the Employer was required under section 964-A(2) to maintain the status quo with respect to each of the three issues while the parties continued negotiations on a successor agreement.
November 10, 2011, Massabesic Educ. Assoc. v. RSU 57 Board of Directors, Decision and Order, No. 11-17 (pdf) or No. 11-17 (html)
Board considered whether various statements of the School Superintendent, including statements made during public meetings on the school budget, violated a ground rule on confidentiality of negotiating sessions and whether it was a violation of the duty to bargain in good faith.
August 11, 2011, Town of Orono v. IAFF Local 3106, Orono Fire Fighters, Decision and Order, No. 11-11 (pdf) or No. 11-11 (html)
The Board concluded that, in the totality of the circumstances, the Union violated sectin 965(1)(C) by failing to comply with the negotiating ground rule that expressly prohibited disclosures to the press.
August 9, 2011, Local 1650 IAFF v. City of Augusta, Interim Order, No. 11-03 (pdf)
The Board discussed section 964-A(2) mandating the continuation of grievance arbitration provisions after the expiration of the collective bargaining agreement and addressed the Board's authority for resolving disputes arising under that section.
May 17, 2011, National Correctional Employees Union v. York County, Interim Decision, No. 11-07 (pdf) or No. 11-07 (html)
The Board addressed the legal issue of whether the contractual grievance and abritration provision set forth in a collective bargaining agreement survived the decertification of the signatory union. The Board also considered the enforceability of evergreen clauses.
January 28, 2011, Sanford Professional Firefighters, Local 1624 v. Town of Sanford, No. 11-04 (pdf) or No. 11-04(html)
The Board granted a motion to defer to arbitration which arose under the rights granted in 26 MRSA 964-A.
March 29, 2011, Maine Employees United/Saco Public Works Assoc.v. City of Saco, No. 11-02 (pdf) or No. 11-02 (html)
The Board ordered the City to maintain the status quo by continuing dues deductions and deduction of union service fees while negotiations continue.
September 13, 2010, Christopher E. Roy v. Town of Frye Island, No. 10-10 (pdf) or 10-10 (html).
The Board dismissed the case because the complainant was a seasonal employee and was therefore not able to file a prohibited practice complaint under the statute.
July 16, 2010, Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Town of South Berwick, No. 10-UD-09(pdf) or 10-UD-09 (html).
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the petitioned-for unit appropriately included the Town Clerk, Code Enforcement Officer, and Assessing Agent.
July 9, 2010, Maine State Employees Association v. State of Maine, Dept. of Public Safety, No. 09-10 (pdf) or 09-10 (html).
The Board concluded that the Employer had not engaged in direct dealing with employees when reassigning duties and submitting a reclassification request to reflect the newly-assigned duties.
April 23, 2010, Maine Community College System and Maine State Employees Association, No. 10-UDA-01 (pdf) or 10-UDA-01 (html).
The Board affirmed that the petitioned-for unit of adjunct faculty members employed by the Maine Community College System was an appropriate bargaining unit.
February 23, 2010, Maine State Employees Association and Maine Community College System, No. 10-UD-04 (pdf) or 10-UD-04 (html).
The Hearing Examiner determined that the petitioned-for unit of adjunct faculty members employed by the Maine Community College System was an appropriate bargaining unit.
October 7, 2009, Androscoggin Superior Court Decision, Lewiston School Department v. MSEA and MLRB, Docket No. AP-09-001 (pdf) or AP-09-001 (html), affirming Board Decision No. 09-05.
The Court affirmed the Board's decision on how to define the status quo that must be maintained for health insurance premium costs after the expiration of the collective bargaining agreement while the parties are negotiating a successor agreement.
August 21, 2009, MSEA v. State of Maine, Dept. of Public Safety, Case No. 09-13 (pdf) or 09-13 (html) Decision and Order
Board dismissed the complaint because the facts alleged did not constitute a violation of the Act. Issue was whether the employer's discussions with employee about unpaid personal leave request constituted direct dealing.
January 28, 2009, Sanford Police Association v. Town of Sanford, Case No. 09-04 (pdf) or 09-04 (html) Interim Order
Interim Order addressed Board's lack of jurisdiction over First Amendment issues and related matters regarding evidence supporting an interference, restraint or coercion charge.
January 15, 2009, MSEA v. Lewiston School Department, Case No. 09-05 (pdf) or 09-05 (html)
The question presented was how to define the status quo that must be maintained for health insurance premium costs when the collective bargaining agreement has expired and the parties are negotiating a successor agreement.
January 15, 2009, Interpretive Ruling, Case No. 08-IR-01 (pdf) or 08-IR-01 (html)
This is an interpretive ruling on whether certain subjects are educational policy.
November 14, 2008, MLRB-Initiated Interpretive Ruling, Case No. 09-IR-01 (pdf) or 09-IR-01 (html)
This is an interpretive ruling on bargaining during the transition from School Administrative Units to Regional School Units.
June 23, 2008, AFSCME Council 93 (petitioner) and Town of Sanford (employer), Case no. 08-UC-02 Unit Clarification Report
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the changes to the General Assistance Director position since the formation of the unit were not "changed circumstances" sufficient to support a petition to review the unit placement of the position within the meaning of section 966(3) .
June 18, 2008, David J. Jordan v. AFSCME, Council 93, AFL-CIO, Case No. 07-15 Decision and Order.
The question presented was whether AFSCME breached its duty of fair representation by failing to represent all of the job classifications in the bargaining unit during the negotiation process with the school district and by failing to address the concerns raised by certain union members during the contract ratification process.
October 26, 2007, Stephen Marean (petitioner) and Local 740, IAFF (bargaining agent) and City of Portland (employer), Case No. 07-UD-22, Unit Determination Report.
The Hearing Examiner concluded that it was not appropriate to sever out a unit of Paramedics, Firefighter/Paramedics, and Firefighter/Paramedic Lieutenants from the existing Portland Firefighters bargaining unit.
June 1, 2007, AFSCME, Council 93, AFL-CIO v. Lincoln County Commissioners, Lincoln County Sheriff's Department, and Lincoln County's Agent, Case No. 06-24 Decision and Order.
The question presented was whether the Employer's discussions with a unit employee concerning wages and benefits for a position not in the bargaining unit and assurances regarding his later return to the unit constituted direct dealing.
May 22, 2007, School Union #44 Professional Assistants Assoc./MEA and School Union #44, Case No. 07-UD-16 Unit Determination Report.
The Hearing Examiner concluded that the administrative assistant to the superintendent is a confidential employee within the meaning of section 962(6)(C) and should be excluded from the central office bargaining unit.
February 12, 2007, Challenge of Ballots in the Decertification/ Bargaining Agent Election for the MSAD #5 Bus Drivers' Bargaining Unit, Case No. 07-E-01, Executive Director's Decision.
After an evidentiary hearing, the Hearing Examiner concluded that neither of the employees whose ballots were challenged were in the bargaining unit. Consequently, their ballots could not be opened or counted in the election and a runoff election is required.
January 16, 2007, County of Cumberland v. Teamsters Union Local 340. Case No. 07-UDA-01, Decision and Order on Unit Determination Appeal.
The issue was whether the petitioned-for bargaining unit for a single job classification was appropriate or should the classification have been placed in an existing bargaining unit.
November 21, 2006, Teamsters Union Local 340 v. Jay School Department. Case No. 06-22, Decision and Order.
Question was whether Employer's communications with unit members regarding a proposed change in work schedules constituted direct dealing.
June 12, 2006, AFSCME Council 93 and City of South Portland. Case No. 06-UD-10, Unit Determination Report. (Bargaining unit for the South Portland Library.)
Primary question was whether three specific positions should be excluded from the agreed-upon unit due to supervisory responsibilities.
May 11, 2006, William D. Neily v. State of Maine and Maine State Employees Association, Local 1989, SEIU, Case No. 06-13, Decision on Appeal of Executive Director's Dismissal of Complaint.
Question was whether there was a basis for tolling the start of the 6 month time limit for filing a complaint and whether the complainant had standing to pursue a complaint alleging a failure to bargain. Board's decision affirmed by the Law Court on May 15, 2007 (mem.)
May 11, 2006, MSAD #29 Board of Directors v. MSAD #29 Education Association/MEA/NEA, Case No. 06-UCA-01, Decision and Order on Unit Clarification Appeal.
The employer appealed the Hearing Examiner's decision adding the certified occupational therapy assistant position to the existing Educational Technicians/School Secretary bargaining unit.
Library Copies of Board Decisions Issued Since Early 2004.
In addition to the decisions in our searchable database, we have added to this website pdf files of decisions issued since early 2004. We refer to these as library copies and they replace the hard copies we mailed to interested parties up until that time. These pdf files enable you obtain a printed version with the same pagination as the original decision. We are unable to provide pdf files for decisions issued before 2004.


text:
Join us for the Fall 2014 season of MPR News' Broadcast Journalist Series, now celebrating its 20th year. Hosted by The Daily Circuit's Tom Weber, all events will take place at the University of St. Thomas' O'Shaughnessy Educational Center.
John BranchOctober 2, 2014 | 7:00 p.m.
David GreeneOctober 30, 2014 | 7:00 p.m.
Eric DeggansNovember 13, 2014 | 7:00 p.m.
General Admission tickets on sale August 12, 2014. Event ParkingSt. Thomas invites guests attending this event to park in the Anderson Parking Facility. The Anderson Parking Facility is a two-block walk to the O'Shaughnessy Educational Center. Please enter the Anderson Parking Facility at the southwest corner of Cretin and Grand avenues. For specific driving and parking directions to campus, refer to the available map on this page. The cost for hourly parking in the ramp is $1.50/hr before 4:00 pm and $1.00/hr after 4:00 pm. To avoid being ticketed, guests should not park in campus surface lots that require permits including the one adjacent to OEC Auditorium, or on streets around campus, which require city permits. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Based on 1 review
Help make it easier for other Avvo users to choose the right lawyer by sharing your experience with this attorney. It's fast, simple, and safe.
Lawyers: Use the Peer Endorsements section to provide input about other attorneys.
Mr. McMullen has proven to be very knowledgeable, honest and very straight-forward in handling one's situation. He often adds a little humor to a situation that lessens the tension and makes the client feel at ease. He has an A from me.


text:
Start learning with our library of video tutorials taught by experts. Get started
Explores the nuances of creating and distributing interactive forms using Acrobat 9 Pro.
"There are quite a few things that make lynda.com the best online learning platform. One of the greatest is that you guys listen and respond to your audience and I can't thank you enough for doing so." —Nathan
more from our members »


text:
We use cookies to optimise your experience on Travelzoo. By using our website, you are agreeing to allow this. For more information, see our Privacy & Cookie Policy »
Vouchers can be redeemed starting Saturday, Jan. 19, through April 19, 2013. Appointments are required and subject to availability. Voucher is subject to forfeiture if you cancel or reschedule your appointment with less than 24 hours' notice. Not valid on major holidays or holiday weekends. Tax and an automatic 18% gratuity will be applied to the total amount of the experience. See below for full terms and conditions.
See all terms
Overall | Enjoyed Most | Other Comments | |||||||
Personnel and service |
Sep 14, 2014 Rhonda | |||||||
This is a fabulous place. Very friendly and always great service. |
Sep 03, 2014 Vanessa | |||||||
Loved the silk peel facial. is was the best facial I've ever had (even went back for another!) Sophie does an excellent job. |
Great facial and great value |
Sep 03, 2014 jenny IL, United States | |||||||
My coworker went and had Jenny and had an awesome experience, so I will go back but only if Jenny is available. |
She literally rubbed my face with soap for 45 minutes, and that was it. Seriously, I was completely disappointed. No mask, extractions, nothing. She even left some soap on my face. I had to ask her to remove it. I went on Friday evening, and I believe she was ready to go, so I received a rush job. |
Jul 09, 2014 Tawanna Illinois, United States | |||||||
The treatment |
Jul 09, 2014 Mariagracia IL, United States |


text:
Origin : Dominican Republic
Format : Robusto
Size : 5 x 52
Wrapper : Dominican Republic
Binder : Dominican Republic
Filler : Dominican Republic
Price : ~$7 each
More info about purchasing Arturo Fuente Gran Reserva cigars...
Many thanks to Austin from the 7th Street Reserve for taking these excellent pictures for my series of reviews.
Arturo Fuente has worldwide recognition as a producer of high quality cigars, and the subject of today's review, the Arturo Fuente Rosado Gran Reserva is no exception.
The Gran Reserva is a limited release cigar, available only to special Fuente accounts, so consider yourself lucky if you spot one in a shop.
Even though I do not generally like mellow, mild blends, preferring a stronger, more robust flavor, I have to give the proper, due kudos to Arturo Fuente for the Rosado Gran Reserva, as it is an excellent cigar. Let's see why and how.
Read the full review of Arturo Fuente Rosado Gran Reserva...


text:
I'm not sure if Mitt Romney's election post-mortem conference calls with donors were supposed to go like this, but his freestyling redux of his contempt for the 47% "moochers" and "takers" on the government teat was on grand display.
You can only imagine it was his Id, sore and pissed about his failure as a presidential candidate, with a shaky finger on the "launch" button of a heat-seeking missile aimed right at his party for tossing him overboard so quickly after the election. All that talk about outreach to Latinos, that growing demographic demonized all campaign season long by the GOP; the talk of how sh*tty their pro-rape candidates were that sank their chances to pull the wool over the eyes of women, after Mitt stood by Akin and Mourdock, not calling for them to step aside.
Now it was his turn.


text:
Finally! School's out! And this after-school Halloween special starring A.J. and the kids of Ella Mentry School features tons of games and bonus content for fans of the bestselling My Weird School series. Illustrations.
- Login or register to post comments
- School & Education
- Humorous Stories
- Holidays & Celebrations - Halloween


text:
Report: Columbus Police Erred In Handling OSU Celebration
A Columbus Police deputy chief says officers could have done a better job handling rowdy crowds after the Ohio State football team won the national championship.
Listen to the Story
The state's four year old ban on smoking in most indoor places came before the Ohio Supreme Court yesterday, framed as a case pitting the rights of private property owners against a popular public health crusade.
The owner of the Columbus bar called Zeno's has $33,000 in fines from 10 citations for violations of the state's smoking ban. The bar claims the ban is unconstitutional. Maurice Thompson from the 1851 Center for Constitutional Law agrees, and said the court has a clear question to answer.
"Will the court protect a fundamental right to own and use property, or will it essentially unleash a police power completely untethered from nuisance principles that knows essentially no limit?"
Thompson says the law amounts to "spot zoning†– because it allows for exemptions of the smoking ban for certain places, such as retail tobacco stores, but doesn't allow for smoking at other places where there could be a similar economic hardship.
Beyond that, Thompson says, it doesn't allow owners to use and enjoy their property, when the Ohio Supreme Court has held that property rights are fundamental rights.
"We have a bundle of rights in property. Ownership is only one stick in that bundle. And ownership is often irrelevant if you can't also use your property in a gainful way. And that's what we have here," Thompson says.
But the attorney representing the Ohio Department of Health says Thompson's argument is off base.
"Nearly every regulation under the police power is going to interfere with the enjoyment of liberty or property," says attorney Elisabeth Long.
Long agreed with Thompson that an Ohio Supreme Court case involving eminent domain did recognize that there is a higher standard for property rights holders in Ohio than nationally.
"But that says nothing about the police power. And if the court were to refashion its test for police power regulations in such a way as to apply some form of heightened scrutiny as Zeno's is advocating, that would essentially lead to the future invalidation of countless laws that have been enacted to regulate the public health, safety and general welfare," Long says.
Thompson also blasted the law for citing bar owners 33,000 times for violating the smoking ban, when not one patron has ever been cited.
"…Even though we have two co-equal sections of the law, one prohibiting the business owner from permitting smoking, and another saying that once the business owner has asked the patron to discontinue smoking, that that patron must in fact discontinue," Thompson argued.
But Long said the tipline that leads to investigations of violations of the ban has only received complaints about bars, not about individual smokers in them.
"Proprietors are held responsible for the conduct that goes on in their establishments in other contexts as well, such as under the liquor laws. Proprietors are responsible for making sure that patrons do not become overly intoxicated or start behaving in improper ways.â€
The outcome of this case has widespread interest – among activist groups, businesses and, of course, bars. So far, 50 bars across Ohio have racked up more than $10,000 in fines.


text: Yeah!! BBtv Gets Love From the NYT By jbat - October 07, 2007 Tweet Call me hopelessly conflicted, but I love when the Grey Lady loves work that I love. Related PostsPhysics of the Future, by Michio KakuNo, Google Won't Buy the NYT. Google.Org Should (Again)And a NYT Profile of Aardvark..Welcome to Publishing Waterloo, NYT and WSJWe don't have enough proper data to come close to solving the death problemSideWiki and Google's Community Dilemma


text:
Products/Services for Differential Chain Sprocket
ISO Roller Chain Sprockets - (187 companies)...the center distance must be greater than the sum of the sprockets. Some applications may be able to accommodate adjustable center differences which can help keep roller chains taut. Longer center distances give better chain wrap around a sprocket... Search by Specification | Learn More
Adjustable Speed Drives - (225 companies)...and solid-state. Drives Types. Choices for drive types for adjustable speed drives include traction drives, belt and chain drives, gear drives or differentials, hydraulic drives, eddy current drives, and magnetic coupling. Traction drives depend upon... Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableDifferentials and Axles - (36 companies)A differential is a mechanical connection that translates rotational motion from a source to two axles. The driveshaft generally runs the length of the vehicle, from the energy input (a motor) to the energy output (the wheels). The axle... Learn More
Pulley Blocks - (135 companies)Pulley Blocks Information. Pulley blocks are assemblies that consist of a hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, sprockets, pins and frame. They are suspended by a hoisting rope or load chain and are designed for a variety of lifting... Learn More
ANSI Roller Chain Sprockets - (265 companies)...chains. Multi-strand sprockets are used in conveyor applications to maintain a uniform speed. By distributing a load across multiple sprockets, each chain and sprocket has an enhanced performance life. Multiple-strands are helpful in drives where... Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableConveyor Sprockets - (90 companies)B29.15M - Steel roller conveyor chains, attachments, and sprocket teeth. BS ISO 1977 - Conveyor chains, attachments and sprockets. BS ISO 1275 - Double-pitch precision roller chains, attachments and associated chain sprockets for transmission... Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableRoller Chain - (303 companies)...to ISO Standard 606. The number correlates to pitch in 1/16" increments, expressed in millimeter units. AN ISO 12 sprocket therefore mates with a chain with 3/4", or 19.05mm, pitch. ISO 487 - Steel roller chains, types S & C, attachments and sprockets... Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableGears - (600 companies)Gears are rotating mechanical devices employing 'teeth' in order to transmit torque between separate axes. Two or more cooperating gears are called a transmission and can produce a mechanical advantage by changing speed, torque or rotation direction. Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableSilent Chain - (21 companies)...or inverted-tooth chain, is a type of chain with teeth formed on its links to engage with the teeth in the sprockets. Silent chains drives are not truly silent. The links in a silent chain drive, however, engage with the sprocket teeth with little impact... Search by Specification | Learn More
No Image AvailableGear Manufacturing Services - (411 companies)...in the center of a gear or pulley for drive traction. Splines can be involuted or straight sided. Rollers are used for conveyors and other belt drives. Sprockets include toothed components that engage a chain or perforations in a driven belt... Search by Specification | Learn More
Product News
Berg W.M., Inc.
Belts, Chains Sprockets & Pulleys WM Berg manufactures a wide variety of cable chains, molded belts, sprockets and pulleys. The belts consist of polyurethane plastic molded over either a single or double stainless steel core. The belts are lightweight, self-lubricating, come in infinite lengths, are field spliceable with a stainless steel splice. The stainless steel constructed chain series offers long life, high tensile loads, and is available in many different pitch configurations. Comparable pulleys and sprockets are offered... (read more)Browse Timing Belts (inch) Datasheets for Berg W.M., Inc. -
U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, LLC
ANSI Roller Chain Sprockets With the widest variety of chains on the market, U.S. Tsubaki's premium roller chain includes: self-lube LAMBDA® series chain, corrosion-resistant Neptune® chain, fatigue-resistant super chain, and our latest generation of high-quality, long-lasting ANSI chain. Tsubaki Chain is Found in Diverse Applications including food packaging, forklift trucks, oilfield drilling, motorcycles, and any other application that requires durable conveyors and maximum power transfer in a compact space. (read more)Browse ANSI Roller Chain Sprockets Datasheets for U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, LLC -
Hangzhou Chinabase Machinery Co., Ltd.
Sprockets 1. American Series Sprockets Stock Sprockets, Finished Bore Sprockets, Stainless Steel Sprockets, Double Single Sprockets &Single Type C Sprockets, Taper Bore Sprockets, Double Pitch Sprockets,Sprockets With Split Taper Bushing, Sprockets with QD Bushings 2. European Series Sprockets DIN Stock sprockets & Platewheels, ASA Stock Sprockets & Platewheels, DIN Finishing Bore Sprockets, Stainless Steel Sprockets, Taper Bore Sprockets, Cast Iron Sprockets, Platewheels For Conveyor Chain... (read more)Browse ANSI Roller Chain Sprockets Datasheets for Hangzhou Chinabase Machinery Co., Ltd. -
U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, LLC
Sprocket Wear Indicator Order your Tsubaki sprockets with wear indicators to prevent your operation from failures and downtime. There is a limit to the amount of wear that a sprocket tooth can sustain while still being able to mesh smoothly with a roller chain. When the wear of the sprocket teeth exceeds theis limit, the meshing of the sprocket and the chain is no longer smooth, and tooth defect are generated in the sprocket. Thus, it has been necessary to detemine the wear limit of the sprocket... (read more)Browse ANSI Roller Chain Sprockets Datasheets for U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, LLC -
Himmelstein, S. and Company
Pulley & Sprocket Torque Transducers MCRT ® 3120TA & 31200T pulley torque transducers are used to measure and control the torque, speed and power of belt and chain driven machinery. Applications include compressors, pumps, fans, blowers, conveyors, gear boxes, etc. They are available in six full scale ranges from 50 lbf-in to 1,500 lbf-in, with 250% overload capacity (200% for the 1,500 lbf-in range). Noise free rotary transformers provide non-contact coupling to the stator. The strain gages and torsion element are fatigue... (read more)Browse Force and Torque Instruments Datasheets for Himmelstein, S. and Company -
Andantex USA, Inc.
In- Line Differential Phase-Shifters Andantex in line differential phase shifter, DLO series, allows accurate adjustment of the output shaft's angular position relative to the input shaft, while the machine is in motion, or even at rest. In-line series combine a high quality planetary differential and an irreversible worm gear in one housing. This arrangement allows infinite angular adjustment of the output shaft. Features: Low Backlash: as low as 3 arc minutes on demand. Standard range of different reduction ratio: 1 to 3... (read more)Browse Gearboxes and Gearheads Datasheets for Andantex USA, Inc. -
Endress+Hauser, Inc.
Differential pressure transmitter PMD75 Differential pressure transmitter with metallic sensor with overload-resistant and function-monitored, Communication via HART, PROFIBUS PA or FOUNDATION Fieldbus. The Deltabar S differential pressure transmitter is used for the following measuring tasks: Flow measurement (volume or mass flow) in conjunction with primary elements in gases, vapours and liquids. Level, volume or mass measurement in liquids. Differential pressure monitoring, e.g. of filters and pumps. Wide range of international (read more)Browse Pressure Transmitters Datasheets for Endress+Hauser, Inc. -
ABB Measurement & Analytics
Multivariable Differential Pressure Transmitter It can also be used for level measurement if density compensation is necessary due to process temperature changes; this could make any level measurement much more reliable. (read more)Browse Pressure Transmitters Datasheets for ABB Measurement & Analytics -
Endress+Hauser, Inc.
FMD72 Electronic Differential Pressure Endress+Hauser announces the Deltabar FMD72 Electronic Differential Pressure measurement system. The Deltabar FMD72 uses two pressure sensor modules connected to a single transmitter —thus eliminating the need for impulse lines or capillaries. Traditional capillary and impulse line systems have well-known issues with icing up, clogging, leaky taps, dry/wet leg inconsistencies and temperature effects. With the Deltabar FMD72, you have a reliable, safe and cost effective answer... (read more) -
KOBOLD Instruments, Inc.
PAD - Differential Pressure Transmitter The KOBOLD PAD Series heavy-duty industrial differential pressure transmitter is a micro-processor-based, high-performance differential pressure transmitter with a user-adjustable pressure range and scalable output signal. This transmitter has automatic compensation for ambient temperature and process variables. Communication with the PAD and con?guration of various parameters is possible via HART ® protocol. All data within the sensor is stored via EEPROM. This pressure transmitter... (read more)Browse Pressure Transmitters Datasheets for KOBOLD Instruments, Inc.
Development of a Power-train for a Formula SAE Competition Vehicle
Housing-less limited slip differential (LSD) F.C.D. TRAC LSD Topologically optimized chain sprocket and differential mounting (Fig. 11) Fig. 11 Drive train part design for weight reduction.
A Topographically Structural Optimization Methodology for Improving Noise Radiation in Transaxles
...stiffness of the system are modeled in detail, including turbo shaft, input planetary gear set, output planetary gear set, reaction planetary gear set, parking gear, clutch hub, oil pump, center support, one way clutch, differential , chain and sprockets , case, torque converter housing...
toggles, cranks, clamps, hinges, harmonic drives, bevel gears, spur gears, planetary gears, detents, ratchets, escapements, indexing mechanisms, chains and sprockets , differential transmissions, Clemens couplings, flywheels, clutches, drive shafts, robotic positioning mechanisms, and suitably-adapted working models of the Jacquard loom, Babbage's Difference...
Numerical Design of a Low Mass Differential Housing
This torque is transferred from the transmission to the differential through a chain and sprocket .
Automotive Mechatronics: Operational and Practical Issues
It also eliminates the necessity for the M-M differential and driveshaft (or chains and sprockets ) and therefore allows greater freedom in designing auto- motive vehicles.
AIL Desert Raider (6 × 6) reconnaissance, surveillance and fast attack vehicle
Full 6 × 6 drive involves an automatic electronically-controlled gearbox, a differential lock, and chains and sprockets to the tandem unit.
Automotive Mechatronics: Operational and Practical Issues
It also eliminates the necessity for the M-M differential and driveshaft (or chains and sprockets ) and therefore permits exceptional freedom in designing vehicles.
They are connected to their respective dif- ferential inputs by miniature chain and sprockets .
Design of an Aluminum Differential for a Racing Style Car
DRIVE TRAIN DESIGN The drive train consists of a chain drive that delivers torque from the motor to a sprocket , which is bolted to the differential housing.
Thus the driveline must be able to accommodate a driven sprocket to transfer power to the differential as well as allow for clearance and adjustment of the chain .


text:
Government urged to charge 'domestic' power tariff for temples
Grama Kovil Poojarigal Peravai and the Tamil Nadu unit of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) have urged the State government to sanction monthly remuneration for priests of village temples.
The two organisations have urged the State government to end the practice of issuing tickets for special "darshan" in temples that were under the control of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments. Resolutions to this effect were adopted at the two-day "Hindu Marumalarchi" conference organised here jointly by the VHP and the Grama Kovil Poojarigal Peravai on Saturday and Sunday.
Sri Jayendra Saraswathi, Sankaracharya of Kanchi Kamakodi Peetham, Sri Ramanuja Jeer of Thirukurunkudi Jeer Math, and other swamijis, priests from across the State, Vedantham, advisor, All World VHP, the former Union Minister and Janata Party president Subramanian Swamy, VHP State general secretary R.R. Gopalji, and office-bearers of the Peravai participated. The conference was organised in connection with the 80th birthday of Mr. Vedhantham, founder and administrative trustee of Grama Kovil Poojarigal Peravai. In another resolution, the conference said temples should be charged for power only under the domestic category.
Although the State government had announced pension for 4,000 village Hindu priests, the target was yet to be achieved completely. Hence, pension should be provided to all priests as ordered by the government, another resolution said seeking the increase in pension from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 2,000. The pension should be provided to the spouses of pujaris after their demise. The organisations also demanded sanction of educational assistance to Hindu students, closure of TASMAC liquor outlets in the State, and a law on total Prohibition.
Keywords: Village temple priests, monthly remuneration, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Hindu Marumalarchi conference


text:
Welcome to the Department of Pediatrics
- Welcome
- Divisions
- Educational Conferences
- Pediatric Residency Program
- Pediatric Clerkship for Medical Students
- Faculty Development Tools
- Faculty and Department Highlights
- Job/Faculty Positions Available
- Department Contact Information
- Resident Logging Superpage
Additional Information
Divisions: Developmental/Behavioral
The Developmental and Behavioral rotation, which is required in the second year, stresses an understanding of traditional and alternative therapies in the treatment of children with a variety of developmental and behavioral issues.Ample opportunity to work within multidisciplinary teams is a decided strength of this rotation. A team approach to diagnosis and treatment is provided to every child referred for care. Team members include two fellowship trained developmental pediatricians, a child psychologist, a licensed pediatric social worker, a pediatric nurse care coordinator, an Early Intervention specialist, a certified pediatric clinical nurse specialist and an office manager. The role of the child's primary physician in case finding and follow-up will benefit physician residents, especially those who plan to practice in a primary care setting.
Residents develop competency in family communication skills through repeated exposure to methods of disclosing difficult information to parents about their developmentally-delayed child. Family-physician collaboration in the treatment plan is modeled.
Experiences combine outpatient clinic assessment, as well as observational experiences in multiple community agencies specializing in the care of special needs children and their families. Clinic and community experiences target children with autism/pervasive developmental disorder, myelodysplasia, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, ADHD/ADD, feeding disorders and high-risk neonate follow up. Community experiences include Bittersweet Farms, a group home for autistic adults; pediatric audiology assessments, both behavioral and neurologic; Sunshine Children's Home, a group home and respite site for special needs children; Lott Industries, a business which employs special needs adults; pediatric rehabilitation services through St. Vincent Mercy Medical Center; Educare, an early intervention site and day care center for developmentally delayed children; and The Model School, an elementary school targeting children with autism.
Division Members:
Eileen Quinn, MD
Developmental Pediatrician
Rachel Collin, RN, MSN
Early Intervention Specialist


text:
BY MARTIN LEDUC. TORONTO, CANADA (CINEMA MINIMA) — I got to help collect some of the videos that were playing throughout the Open Video Conference. The conference took place on June 19-20, 2009. It brought together an impressive collection of professional stakeholders involved with online video. Their aim was to bring video technology up to … Read This Story
total recut
Total Recut: Home of the Video Remixers
BY MARTIN LEDUC. TORONTO, CANADA (CINEMA MINIMA) — Totalrecut.com has gathered a community of over 350 video remixers — artists whose work consists of re-edited and manipulated video clips. The site bills itself as a "one stop shop for all things remixed." It has a growing gallery with over 500 remixes so far, and a … Read This Story


text:
So I have recently acquired an interest in the 3rd gen S&W pistols. I think they are great pistols, especially for their price. Can anyone post any pictures of their's along with some information??
I would like to know a bit more about them and if there is any pattern as to how they are named? For e example, do the 4xxx models only come in one caliber compared to the 5xxx models?
Thanks guys.


text:
Dismayed by a reality-TV show featuring his ex-fiancee, Bristol Palin, and their son, Tripp, Levi Johnston plans to seek full custody of the boy.
In a statement to ABC News, Johnston wrote, "I want full or half custody of Tripp. His room is already set up in my house and just waiting for him."
Palin, 21, and 3-year-old Tripp are featured on the Lifetime show, "Bristol Palin: Life's a Tripp." Johnston says the show is proof that his ex is a terrible parent and his son is "on a downward spiral," the gossip website TMZ reported.
TMZ reported that Johnston, 22, is so "disgusted" by his son's language and behavior that he obtained the required court papers to file the custody petition.
"I love my son more than anything … and I will do whatever it takes to make sure he is raised the right way," Johnston reportedly told TMZ.
In a recent episode of the show, Tripp threw a temper tantrum when told he couldn't go to the pool. When his aunt, Willow, tried to calm him, Tripp told her and his mother that he hated them, then told Willow, "Go away, you f***!"
Initial reports indicated Tripp had used an anti-gay slur, but his mother said in a blog post that he "used a different 'f word.'" Palin confessed on the show to doing "a terrible job disciplining Tripp."
Of her son's behavior, she also wrote that the cameras "caught a moment on film that would cause any parent to be red in the face."
Johnston was Palin's high school boyfriend. The pair have been engaged twice but are no longer a couple.
Under the terms of their child-custody agreement, Palin has primary custody and Johnston may visit Tripp.
The agreement prohibits either parent from publicly disparaging the other.
Since the pair split, she has been a spokeswoman for teen abstinence, written a book and appeared on ABC's "Dancing With the Stars." Johnston has posed for Playgirl magazine and written a tell-all book about his relationship with Palin and the Palin family.
Palin is the daughter of former Alaska governor and one-time Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin.
The disclosure during her mother's 2008 campaign that Bristol Palin, then 17, was pregnant created sweeping controversy.


text:
To find the parts that fit your machine, click on the link below and select your make, year and model.
Only the products that fit your machine will be shown in the product list
Click Here to Add Your Machine! >>
Galfer Chrome Wave Front Brake Rotor. Full floating directional front rotors with chrome center carriers for an attractive look. Opposing slots on each side allows more leading and trailing edge friction. Design also allows the rotors to cool faster and stay cleaner as the rotor spins. Available as front fitment only. Please Note: Rotors sold individually
Do you have questions about this product?
get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Know the answer? Answer this question
1 answer
2 answers
Do you have a question about this product?
Specifications and Options


text:
US 5834519 A Abstract The present invention provides a method of delivering an emulsion or suspension containing a supersaturated gas into a gas-depleted environment. The method generally comprises the steps of preparing an emulsion or suspension, exposing the emulsion or suspension to a gas at a pressure greater than 2 bar, and delivering the emulsion or suspension to a gas-depleted environment at ambient pressure.
Claims(12) 1. A method of preparing a gas-supersaturated emulsion, said method comprising the steps of:
a. emulsifying a first liquid having a relatively high solubility for a gas in a second immiscible liquid having a relatively low solubility for the gas; and b. exposing the emulsion formed in step (a) to the gas at a pressure greater than 2 bar to form the gas-supersaturated emulsion. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first liquid is obtained by centrifuging an emulsion comprising the first liquid as the internal phase under conditions wherein the internal and external phases of the emulsion separate from one another, and removing the external phase.
3. A gas-supersaturated emulsion prepared by the method of claim 2.
4. A gas-supersaturated emulsion prepared by the method of claim 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said first liquid is selected from the group consisting of perfluorochemical, lipids and oils.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said second liquid has a viscosity of about 1 to 10 centipoise.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said second liquid is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, hydrogel, petroleum jelly, paraffin, waxes and gelatins.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said gas is oxygen, said first liquid is perfluorochemical and said second liquid is glycerin.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (b) comprises exposing the emulsion to the gas at a pressure in the range of about 5 bar to 20 bar.
11. A gas-supersaturated emulsion comprising a first liquid having a relatively high solubility for a gas suspended in fine droplets within a second immiscible liquid having a relatively low solubility for the gas, wherein the first liquid is supersaturated with the gas.
12. The gas supersaturated emulsion of claim 11, wherein said fine droplets have diameters in the range of about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns.
Description This invention relates to a method for preparing a gas-supersaturated emulsion or suspension and delivering it from a high pressure environment to a gas-depleted site without the immediate onset of cavitation or bubbling. The maximum concentration of gas achievable in a liquid is governed by Henry's Law. The relatively low solubility at ambient pressure of many gases (for example, oxygen or nitrogen) within a liquid such as water results in a low concentration of the gas in the liquid when these are mixed. There are, however, many applications where it would be advantageous to employ a gas in a liquid mixture where the concentration of the gas within the liquid greatly exceeds its solubility at ambient pressure. High-pressure compression of a liquid within a liquid emulsion or solid within a liquid suspension can be used to achieve a higher dissolved gas concentration, but disturbance of this gas supersaturated liquid through ejection into a 1 bar environment from the high pressure reservoir will generally result in cavitation inception at or near the exit port. The rapid evolution of bubbles produced at the exit port vents much of the gas from the liquid, so that the high degree of gas concentration within the liquid is considerably reduced at the ambient pressures outside the high pressure vessel. Additionally, the presence of bubbles in the effluent generates turbulence and impedes the flow of the effluent beyond the exit port. A wide variety of applications would benefit from ejection of a gas-supersaturated fluid from a high pressure reservoir into an ambient pressure environment in a manner which does not involve cavitation inception at or near the exit port. For example, organic material and plant waste streams--e.g., paper mills and chemical plants--often require an increase in dissolved oxygen content before these streams can be safely discharged into a body of water. U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,022 recognizes that a similar need may also occur at municipal waste treatment plants and that fish farms require increased dissolved oxygen levels to satisfy the needs of high density aquaculture. Other applications are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,875. There are many prior art references which disclose methods of enriching the oxygen content of water. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,680 discloses several conventional types of apparatus that can be used for continuously contacting liquid and oxygen-containing gas streams to effect oxygen absorption within the liquid. Specifically, pressurizable confined flow passageways are used to avoid premature liberation of the dissolved oxygen before it is incorporated within the fluid. Other oxygen saturation devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,874,509 and 4,973,558. However, these techniques leave unsolved the problem of how to eject the gas-enriched fluid solutions from a high pressure reservoir into a lower pressure environment without the formation of bubbles in the effluent at or near the exit port. In a previous application, Ser. No. 08/581,019, filed Jan. 3, 1996, I describe a method for ejection of gas-supersaturated liquids from a high pressure to a low pressure environment without cavitation, consisting of extrusion of the fluid through capillary channels and compression to remove cavitation nuclei along the inner surface of the channels. Hydrostatic compression at pressures between 0.5 kbar and 1.0 kbar rapidly removes cavitation nuclei and bubbles from the liquid. When a gas source is used to both pressurize the liquid and achieve a desired concentration of a relatively insoluble gas in the liquid, it is generally necessary to maintain the gas pressure in the 10 bar to 150 bar range. The complete absence of cavitation inception in water saturated with oxygen at high concentrations permits its in vivo infusion into either venous or arterial blood for the purpose of increasing the oxygen concentration of the blood while avoiding the formation of bubbles which tend to occlude capillaries. In contrast to this capillary channel technique, the present invention dispenses with the necessity of compressing fluids within capillary channels, relying instead on use of gas-supersaturated emulsions and suspensions. A method is described for the use of emulsions or suspensions to transport a gas-supersaturated liquid from a high pressure reservoir to a relatively low pressure environment (including ambient pressure), without immediate cavitation inception. If a liquid that has a relatively high gas solubility (also known as the internal phase) is suspended in fine droplets within another immiscible liquid or semi-solid having a relatively low gas solubility (known as the carrier or external phase) a high level of supersaturation of the gas can be achieved in the resulting emulsion upon its release to a gas-depleted environment at ambient pressure. Likewise, solid particles can be suspended within a liquid carrier to form a suspension with the same properties (unless otherwise indicated, the descriptions for liquid in liquid emulsions are true for solid in liquid suspensions as well). The primary gases of interest for the formation of gas supersaturated emulsions are oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The small size of the droplets or particles in conjunction with exposure to a transient high hydrostatic pressure confers stability to the droplets or particles in a manner similar to that provided by small diameter capillary tubes. Generally, the fine droplets are between about 0.1 micron and about 10 microns in diameter. Thus, after release of the emulsion to an ambient pressure environment, the gas that is dissolved at high levels of supersaturation will not form bubbles, despite a relatively high concentration of the gas within the droplets or particles. The carrier of the droplets or particles is stable at high gas partial pressures because of the relatively low gas solubility of the carrier as well as the absence of gas nuclei after hydrostatic compression. A low gas diffusion coefficient in the carrier results in a slow, delayed release of the gas both from the droplets or particles to the carrier as well as from the emulsion to the gas-depleted environment. Despite this slow release of gas from the emulsion and the relatively low concentration of gas in the carrier, the high partial pressure of gas in the emulsion creates a high driving pressure gradient between the emulsion and gas-poor surfaces. As a result of the lack of cavitation inception at or near the exit port, a stream of the gas-supersaturated emulsion can be used to rapidly and efficiently enrich a gas-deprived site such as a liquid by convection of the emulsion to the gas-deprived site. Enrichment of a gas-deprived liquid with gas by diffusion from the gas phase to the liquid is, by contrast, an extremely slow process. The lack of bubbles in the effluent additionally permits unimpeded ejection into the gas-depleted site. When the gas-supersaturated emulsion is ejected in an air environment, the lack of cavitation inception at or near the exit port allows the effluent to behave as if it were not supersaturated with gas. That is, the ejected stream remains intact rather than disintegrating into a diffuse spray near the exit port due to the rapid growth of gas nuclei. The basic steps for forming the gas-supersaturated emulsion (the same method applies to the formation of a gas-supersaturated suspension) are: preparing the emulsion; exposing the emulsion to a gas at a pressure greater than 2 bar; and delivering the emulsion to a gas-depleted environment at ambient pressure. Typically, the emulsion is exposed to the gas (the primary gas of interest is oxygen) at a pressure of between about 5 bar and about 20 bar. The emulsion could be rapidly mixed (at about 1600 rpm, for instance) for several hours during its exposure to the gas at partial pressures between 100 psi and 1500 psi. Additionally, the emulsion could be delivered to a high pressure hydrostatic pump in order to further increase the partial pressure of the gas. The emulsion is extruded at the output of a pressurizable vessel through a tube, which delivers the emulsion to the outside environment at between about 0.1 and about 10 ml per minute. This type of emulsion can be used to efficiently deliver oxygen to the skin, to wounds, or to other environments. In biological context, the high level of oxygen achieved in such tissues by contact of the emulsion with the tissues should be helpful in a variety of ways, such as collagen synthesis, inhibition of anaerobic bacterial growth, and promotion of aerobic metabolism. A supersaturated oxygen emulsion can also be used to oxygenate blood for a variety of medical applications. The emulsion is injected directly into the bloodstream, thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the blood. Forming the Emulsion: To form an emulsion, a liquid which will be suspended as droplets within a carrier as well as the carrier must be chosen. The carrier for the emulsion includes any liquid or semi-solid having a relatively low diffusion rate of the gas to be dissolved. The same techniques apply to the formation of a suspension of particles within a liquid carrier. In general, liquids characterized by high viscosity and low gas solubility are the most effective carriers, since these properties tend to increase the liquid's resistance to bubble formation. Ideally, the viscosity of the carrier should be in the 1 centipoise to 10 centipoise range. Examples of commonly used carriers include glycerin, gels such as hydrogel, VASELINE� petroleum jelly, paraffin, and waxes. Gelatins also make effective carriers. For example, 5-10 wt % gelatins were cross-linked in glutaraldehyde to render them insoluble in water, exposed to oxygen at 10-20 bar, and subsequently compressed at high hydrostatic pressures (e.g., 0.5 to 10 kbar) for about an hour. Upon release to hydrostatic pressure of 1 bar, it was noted that no bubbles formed in the gelatin, and a surface pO2 >2000 mm Hg was maintained for periods of at least 20-30 minutes. In contrast to the carrier, the liquid droplets or solid particles which are to be suspended in the carrier must have a high gas solubility. For example, perfluorochemical (PFC) droplets can be suspended within gelatin by adding a hot gelatin solution to a PFC droplet concentrate, mixing briefly, and cooling to affect solidification. With sufficiently high oxygen pressure, the PFC droplets will absorb a high concentration of oxygen and maintain stability at 1 bar by virtue of their small size. Likewise, the gelatin will provide a slow rate of diffusion of oxygen from the particles and through the gelatin to the oxygen-poor site. One such environment that this suspension could be applied to is biologic tissue. In addition to PFC droplet, other droplet materials that could be used to provide a stable depot of concentrated oxygen include lipids, liposomes, and oils (the class of oils including mineral, coconut, and vegetable oils), most of which have a high solubility of oxygen relative to that of water. Solid particles useful in preparing suspensions of the present invention are composed of polymers. These polymers have been found to absorb gases such as oxygen under high pressure conditions and to release the gases without bubble formation upon exposure to ambient pressure. The preferred polymers include polyacrylamide (in either its unhydrated or hydrated form), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, polysorbate, polymethyl methacrylate and co-polymers thereof. Preferably, the size of the solid particles are within the range of 0.1 to 10 micron. Any particle or droplet could also be micro or nano-encapsulated with a semi-permeable surface coating that further controls the rate of diffusion from the particle or droplet to the carrier. Encapsulation can be achieved through well-known techniques such as coacervation or vapor deposition. In order to form an emulsion, one can obtain a commercially available emulsion comprising a desired liquid suspended in water. After centrifuging this emulsion and decanting the supernatant, the desired droplets can be resuspended in a carrier of choice. Likewise, in forming a suspension, one can centrifuge a suspension of particles, decant the supernatant, and resuspend the particles in another carrier of choice. The following example is provided to illustrate the above principles. Glycerin was chosen as a carrier because of its low oxygen solubility (0.008 cc O2 /g/atm.), relatively high viscosity, and low rate of oxygen diffusion. Moreover, it is a biocompatible liquid, thereby allowing application to the skin or to wounds. Perfluorochemical (PFC) particles were chosen to be suspended in the carrier due to their high oxygen solubility (0.5 cc O2 /g/atm.), their inherent ability to form into small particles (typically equal to or less than 0.5 μm), and their biocompatibility. In order to prepare the PFC/glycerin suspension, previously prepared commercially available PFC/aqueous suspensions were centrifuged. The PFC particles at the bottom of the centrifuge tubes were resuspended in glycerin after decanting the supernatant. The PFC/glycerin suspension (200 ml) was placed in a 300 ml capacity Parr reactor vessel, and the suspension was exposed to oxygen at partial pressures as high as 500 to 1500 psi during rapid mixing (at about 1600 rpm) with an impeller stirrer. High oxygen partial pressures were required to drive the oxygen into the suspension over a period of many hours because of the slow rate of diffusion of oxygen through the glycerin. Despite the high oxygen partial pressures, the oxygen partial pressure developed in the suspension after the above treatment and overnight exposure to oxygen at 300 psi (without stirring) was estimated to be approximately 10 atm. After delivery of the suspension to a Haskel high pressure hydrostatic pump at 1000 psi oxygen partial pressure, the hydrostatic pressure increased to 12,000 psi. At the output of the pump, a 0.009 inch i.d. stainless steel tube--about 100 cm long--was used to deliver the suspension to the outside ambient environment at a flow rate of about 0.2 ml/min. No bubbles formed in the suspension after extrusion of the suspension into a glass beaker, plastic test tube, or skin (including manual spreading of the suspension on the skin of a hand). However, the pO2 in the suspension was approximately 10 times higher than that noted in glycerin that had been exposed only to air, as determined with a polarographic type membrane pO2 electrode (manufactured by Diamond General, Ann Arbor). Aliquots of 1 ml of the suspension were in communication with a column of mercury for measuring volume changes at 1 bar as well as in contact with a prototype titanium probe (distal end of which contacted the upper portion of the liquid sample). The probe was seated within the pipette by means of a collar that had been built into the device at its node and glued into the inside of a tube that communicated with the pipette. The probe, driven by a 1500 watt amplifier (manufactured by Sonics and Materials, Inc.), was used to degas the liquid sample during 1 minute periods of sonication. It was found that the suspension contained approximately 1 ml O2 /g. Since the suspension ordinarily contains about 0.1 ml O2 /g/bar in water, and the percent volume of PFC in glycerin is similar to that in water, the partial pressure of the gas must have been about 10 bars. In order to determine how long the suspension retained the high oxygen concentration, the measurement of the oxygen concentration was repeated at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after delivery of the suspension into a 50 ml beaker. Over the first 10 minutes, only 30% of the oxygen was lost from the suspension; however, by 30 minutes, most of the oxygen had diffused out. Thus, it is apparent that the diffusion of oxygen from the suspension is quite slow, partly as a result of the relatively impermeable nature of the carrier. Dispensing the emulsion: A simple dispenser for the oxygen-rich cream emulsion can consist of a syringe type design, with the barrel driven by manual rotation of a piston that advances as a screw on threads, similar to the operation of commercially available "indeflators" used to pressurize high pressure balloons (as high as 300 psi) on angioplasty catheters. Manual compression to at least 300 psi is easily achievable, and a valve at the distal end of the syringe would allow the cream to be squeezed from the syringe in a controlled manner. After dispensing a desired amount of cream, the stopcock would be closed and additional pressure applied to maintain a hydrostatic pressure that equals or exceeds the dissolved gas partial pressure. The syringe would be fabricated from materials that are impermeable to oxygen. It should be noted that there are a wide variety of geometries which could be employed at or near the exit port(s) which would permit the ejection of the cavitation-free, gas-supersaturated emulsion into a 1 bar environment from a high pressure reservoir. For example, I have found that a 50 micron diameter square borosilicate glass tubing works as effectively as both a round glass tubing and a round stainless steel tubing of similar diameter for this purpose. A rectangular or slit-like geometry characterizing the delivery channels would also be expected to be effective. Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims. All references cited in the present specification are incorporated by reference. Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Rotate |


text:
Source of stellar energy
The most basic property of stars is that their radiant energy must derive from internal sources. Given the great length of time that stars endure (some 10 billion years in the case of the Sun), it can be shown that neither chemical nor gravitational effects could possibly yield the required energies. Instead, the cause must be nuclear events wherein lighter nuclei are fused to create heavier nuclei, an inevitable by-product being energy (see nuclear fusion).
In the interior of a star, the particles move rapidly in every direction because of the high temperatures present. Every so often a proton moves close enough to a nucleus to be captured, and a nuclear reaction takes place. Only protons of extremely high energy (many times the average energy in a star such as the Sun) are capable of producing nuclear events of this kind. A minimum temperature required for fusion is roughly 10 million K. Since the energies of protons are proportional to temperature, the rate of energy production rises steeply as temperature increases.
For the Sun and other normal main-sequence stars, the source of energy lies in the conversion of hydrogen to helium. The nuclear reaction thought to occur in the Sun is called the proton-proton cycle. In this fusion reaction, two protons (1H) collide to form a deuteron (a nucleus of deuterium, 2H), with the liberation of a positron (the electron's positively charged antimatter counterpart, denoted e+). Also emitted is a neutral particle of very small (or possibly zero) mass called a neutrino, ν. While the helium "ash" remains in the core where it was produced, the neutrino escapes from the solar interior within seconds. The positron encounters an ordinary negatively charged electron, and the two annihilate each other, with much energy being released. This annihilation energy amounts to 1.02 megaelectron volts (MeV), which accords well with Einstein's equation E = mc2 (where m is the mass of the two particles, c the velocity of light, and E the liberated energy).
Next, a proton collides with the deuteron to form the nucleus of a light helium atom of atomic weight 3, 3He. A "hard" X-ray (one of higher energy) or gamma-ray (γ) photon also is emitted. The most likely event to follow in the chain is a collision of this 3He nucleus with a normal 4He nucleus to form the nucleus of a beryllium atom of weight 7, 7Be, with the emission of another gamma-ray photon. The 7Be nucleus in turn captures a proton to form a boron nucleus of atomic weight 8, 8B, with the liberation of yet another gamma ray.
The 8B nucleus, however, is very unstable. It decays almost immediately into beryllium of atomic weight 8, 8Be, with the emission of another positron and a neutrino. The nucleus itself thereafter decays into two helium nuclei, 4He. These nuclear events can be represented by the following equations:
In the course of these reactions, four protons are consumed to form one helium nucleus, while two electrons perish.
The mass of four hydrogen atoms is 4 × 1.00797, or 4.03188, atomic mass units; that of a helium atom is 4.0026. Hence, 0.02928 atomic mass unit, or 0.7 percent of the original mass, has disappeared. Some of this has been carried away by the elusive neutrinos, but most of it has been converted to radiant energy. In order to keep shining at its present rate, a typical star (e.g., the Sun) needs to convert 674 million tons of hydrogen to 670 million tons of helium every second. According to the formula E = mc2, more than four million tons of matter literally disappear into radiation each second.
This theory provides a good understanding of solar-energy generation, although for decades it has suffered from one potential problem. For the past several decades the neutrino flux from the Sun has been measured by different experimenters, and only one-third of flux of electron neutrinos predicted by the theory have been detected. Over that time, however, the consensus has grown that the problem and its solution lie not with the astrophysical model of the Sun but with the physical nature of neutrinos themselves. In late 1990s and early 21st century, scientists collected evidence that neutrinos oscillate between the state in which they were created in the Sun and a state that is more difficult to detect when they reach Earth. (See also neutrino.)
The main source of energy in hotter stars is the carbon cycle (also called the CNO cycle for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen), in which hydrogen is transformed into helium, with carbon serving as a catalyst. The reactions proceed as follows: first, a carbon nucleus, 12C, captures a proton (hydrogen nucleus), 1H, to form a nucleus of nitrogen, 13N, a gamma-ray photon being emitted in the process; thus, 12C + 1H → 13N + γ. The light 13N nucleus is unstable, however. It emits a positron, e+, which encounters an ordinary electron, e−, and the two annihilate one another. A neutrino also is released, and the resulting 13C nucleus is stable. Eventually the 13C nucleus captures another proton, forms 14N, and emits another gamma-ray photon. In symbols the reaction is represented by the equations 13N → 13C + e+ + ν;then 13C + 1H → 14N + γ. Ordinary nitrogen, 14N, is stable, but when it captures a proton to form a nucleus of light oxygen-15, 15O, the resulting nucleus is unstable against beta decay. It therefore emits a positron and a neutrino, a sequence of events expressed by the equations 14N + 1H → 15O + γ;then 15O → 15N + e+ + ν. Again, the positron meets an electron, and the two annihilate each other while the neutrino escapes. Eventually the 15N nucleus encounters a fast-moving proton, 1H, and captures it, but the formation of an ordinary 16O nucleus by this process occurs only rarely. The most likely effect of this proton capture is a breakdown of 15N and a return to the 12C nucleus—that is,15N + 1H → 12C + 4He + γ. Thus, the original 12C nucleus reappears, and the four protons that have been added permit the formation of a helium nucleus. The same amount of mass has disappeared, though a different fraction of it may have been carried off by the neutrinos.
Only the hottest stars that lie on the main sequence shine with energy produced by the carbon cycle. The faint red dwarfs use the proton-proton cycle exclusively, whereas stars such as the Sun shine mostly by the proton-proton reaction but derive some contribution from the carbon cycle as well.
The aforementioned mathematical relationships permit the problem of stellar structure to be addressed notwithstanding the complexity of the problem. An early assumption that stars have a uniform chemical composition throughout their interiors simplified the calculations considerably, but it had to be abandoned when studies in stellar evolution proved that the compositions of stars change with age (see below Later stages of evolution). Computations need to be carried out by a step-by-step process known as numerical integration. They must take into account that the density and pressure of a star vanish at the surface, whereas these quantities and the temperature remain finite at the core.
Resulting models of a star's interior, including the relation between mass, luminosity, and radius, are determined largely by the mode of energy transport. In the Sun and the fainter main-sequence stars, energy is transported throughout the outer layers by convective currents, whereas in the deep interior, energy is transported by radiation. Among the hotter stars of the main sequence, the reverse appears to be true. The deep interiors of the stars that derive their energy primarily from the carbon cycle are in convective equilibrium, whereas in the outer parts the energy is carried by radiation. The observed masses, luminosities, and radii of most main-sequence stars can be reproduced with reasonable and uniform chemical composition.
Chemically homogeneous models of giant and supergiant stars cannot be constructed. If a yellow giant such as Capella is assumed to be built like a main-sequence star, its central temperature turns out to be so low that no known nuclear process can possibly supply the observed energy output. Progress has been made only by assuming that these stars were once main-sequence objects that, in the course of their development, exhausted the hydrogen in their deep interiors. Inert cores consequently formed, composed mainly of the helium ash left from the hydrogen-fusion process. Since no helium nuclear reactions are known to occur at the few tens of millions of kelvins likely to prevail in these interiors, no thermonuclear energy could be released from such depleted cores. Instead, energy is assumed to be generated in a thin shell surrounding the inert core where some fuel remains, and it is presumably produced by the carbon cycle. Such models are called shell-source models. As a star uses up increasing amounts of its hydrogen supply, its core grows in mass, all the while the outer envelope of the star continues to expand. These shell-source models explain the observed luminosities, masses, and radii of giants and supergiants (see below Later stages of evolution).
The depletion of hydrogen fuel is appreciable even for a dwarf, middle-aged star such as the Sun. The Sun seems to have been shining at its present rate for about the last 20 percent of its current age of five billion years. For its observed luminosity to be maintained, the Sun's central temperature must have increased considerably since the formation of the solar system, largely as a consequence of the depletion of the hydrogen in its interior along with an accompanying increase in molecular weight and temperature. During the past five billion years, the Sun probably brightened by about half a magnitude; in early Precambrian time (about two billion years ago), the solar luminosity must have been some 20 percent less than it is today.


text:
Sorry this item is currently sold out. Please use this discount coupon for an additional 5% off during checkout:
Precision-cut metal housings encapsulate a sound coming from deep within the TiTAN ear buds that resembles an army of unstoppable warrior giants marching in lockstep to the beat of your music to purge the earth of dinosaurs, woolly mammoths, saber-tooth tigers, yetis, and Klingons.
Discontinued Colors
Titan Mic'd w/ Mic 1


text:
Cookie information: We love cookies - you can dunk them in your tea! This website may put "tracking cookies" on your computer to help us improve your experience on our website, to analyse its performance and to allow us to promote the website. You can find out more in our privacy policy. Unfortunately you can't eat our tracking cookies but you can set your web browser to stop them downloading to your computer or you can just delete them from your computer. Here's a good recipe for cookies that you can dunk in your tea!
(This message is only intended to appear the first time you visit and then at six month intervals)
GB hotels & accommodation
International hotels & accommodation
Onsite or nearby
Onsite only
I have a
This number can be found on your Best Western Business Account Card or on your statement. Call 0844 387 6650 for help.
This number can be found on your NCP Gateway Customer Card. Call 0844 576 76 76 for help.
This 8 digit number is for companies who have their own negotiated rates with Best Western.
Some of our general promotions or Rewards member promotions require a customer code. They can be only be found on our promotional materials and emails. These customer codes are only valid for a limited period.
The Village, Orton Longueville, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, PE2 7DN
Children only allowed in the pool between 9am and 6pm
The spa you will find our pool area, perfect for either gentle exercise or relaxation. Our swimming pool is heated to a temperature that wont leave you too hot if you wish to exercise or too cool if you simply want to take it easy. In addition to the pool, you will find a bubbling hydrotherapy pool, sauna and steam room to help you de-stress and unwind. Or you can simply sit and read on the loungers on poolside if you wish!Please note: Children only allowed in the pool between 9am and 6pm
Beautifully Appointed Treatment RoomsWe have four beautifully appointed treatment rooms including a double room for those wishing to share their Imagine experience with a friend or loved one.
Booking required
Between 9am and 6 pm
BEST WESTERN PLUS Orton Hall Hotel & SpaThe VillageOrton LonguevillePeterboroughCambridgeshirePE2 7DNSat nav postcode:PE2 7DN
For phone bookings please call:08443 876061
For general enquiries please call:01733 391111
For online bookings please use thepink button above.
Check in: 14:00 Check out: 11:00


text:
We Talk to Everybody
The editors here at Linux Journal have been talking about doing a Who's Who in Linux for some time, but couldn't decide on a way to do it that would make sense and not need the space of a book. With so many people contributing to Linux and new ones joining the community every day, it would be almost impossible to compile a list that didn't leave someone out. We finally decided that what we wanted to do was present short profiles of the developers who contributed to kernel 1.0, and of a few others who were involved at the time of its release. We got the kernel 1.0 credits file and split it up. I took a few names, including Linus', having talked to him just last year. With the help of Jason Kroll, we spent a good bit of time tracking people down, and were not entirely successful. A list of those whom we couldn't get hold of and the contribution they made to the kernel is included as a sidebar. If any of you guys are reading this, please get in touch (firstname.lastname@example.com)—we'd like to talk to you.
We wish to thank all these people for talking to us and providing this look at who they were then and now. Since there was not room to include each interview in its entirety, we will put the interviews on the LJ web site in the coming weeks. We also thank these folks for their invaluable contributions to Linux—without them, where would it be today? Or LJ, for that matter?
Everyone knows who Linus Torvalds is. He's the metaphoric father of the Linux community, having brought the Linux operating system into being. After doing so, he kicked it out of its nest and onto the Internet and invited others to try it out and participate in its growth, not realizing at the time what a tiger he had let loose on the world. He is a quiet, self-assured young man, a family man who obviously loves his daughters, allowing them to join him onstage at conferences they attend with him and his wife Tove.
Writing Linux earned Linus his master's degree at Helsinki University. Since then, he has turned kernel maintenance over to Alan Cox. Development is done by many others, yet Linus remains the mainstay of Linux. He makes the final decisions about what will and will not go into the kernel and when a new version will be released. His word is law, and no one disputes it.
After leaving the university, Linus moved to the United States with Tove, near San Jose, California, and went to work for the ultra-secret Transmeta. Early this year, Transmeta announced their Crusoe chip, which is headed for the mobile appliance market. Linus had been helping by making a Linux version that would fit in flash ROM—here's what he said about it in a conversation with Doc Searls.
It's the standard 2.3 kernel with some power management stuff done on it, but anybody can see what that is. There is the compressed file system that I made part of the standard kernel not long ago. And that's really the question of... you have a very limited amount of ROM. You want to fit Netscape in there, too. And you want to page things in from the ROM. You obviously want to compress it. That's number one. But how do you compress it so you can still do random seeks and paging in things? Those are the kinds of questions I spent a fair amount of time thinking about. What's the good way of doing this? What fits in and works well? These are not fundamental design shifts.
Linus agrees to make appearances at many trade shows, although these days, he prefers question-and-answer sessions over giving talks. In fact, he agrees to so many that I once wondered if he knew how to say "No". (He does.) But he also realizes he is a big draw, and helping Linux and Linux shows become successful is something he is willing to do. He remains unassuming, and says fame has not intruded on his personal life.
Linus has proven to be a good father to both his children and Linux. The community couldn't have a better leader.
Donald didn't respond to any of our messages, but we know a bit about him so we decided to wing it. First of all, we know Donald because he was on the cover of issue 10, February 1995, where he was a part of the Linux Conference at Open Systems World in Washington, DC.
Donald was a big contributor early in the Linux game, writing the code for the Ethernet drivers. He did this while working for NASA at the Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences as a staff scientist. Information on Donald and his code can be found at cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/people/becker/whoiam.html.
He was the principal investigator on NASA's Beowulf Project, "an effort to develop a software distribution to help others build high-performance workstations based on a cluster of off-the-shelf processing nodes running Linux."
He is now the Chief Technical Officer of Sycld Computing Corporation, where he "continues the Beowulf work, making available the expertise to non-NASA entities."
For fun, Donald likes to kayak, and you can read about his kayaking trip down the Yukon River in 1993 at his web site. There is also a beautiful picture of the river and mountains, as well as information on how to reach him.
As Linux continues to play an ever increasing role in corporate data centers and institutions, ensuring the integrity and protection of these systems must be a priority. With 60% of the world's websites and an increasing share of organization's mission-critical workloads running on Linux, failing to stop malware and other advanced threats on Linux can increasingly impact an organization's reputation and bottom line.
Sponsored by Bit9
Most companies incorporate backup procedures for critical data, which can be restored quickly if a loss occurs. However, fewer companies are prepared for catastrophic system failures, in which they lose all data, the entire operating system, applications, settings, patches and more, reducing their system(s) to "bare metal." After all, before data can be restored to a system, there must be a system to restore it to.
In this one hour webinar, learn how to enhance your existing backup strategies for better disaster recovery preparedness using Storix System Backup Administrator (SBAdmin), a highly flexible bare-metal recovery solution for UNIX and Linux systems.
Sponsored by Storix
Trending Topics
Resurrecting the Armadillo | Mar 04, 2015 |
March 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: System Administration | Mar 02, 2015 |
March 2015 Video Preview | Mar 02, 2015 |
High-Availability Storage with HA-LVM | Feb 26, 2015 |
DNSMasq, the Pint-Sized Super Dæmon! | Feb 24, 2015 |
Localhost DNS Cache | Feb 23, 2015 |
- Resurrecting the Armadillo
- High-Availability Storage with HA-LVM
- Real-Time Rogue Wireless Access Point Detection with the Raspberry Pi
- DNSMasq, the Pint-Sized Super Dæmon!
- Localhost DNS Cache
- March 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: System Administration
- Days Between Dates: the Counting
- The Usability of GNOME
- Linux for Astronomers
- You're the Boss with UBOS


text:
President's Council on Diversity
Embracing Diversity
President's Council on Diversity Members
Some of the PCOD members at a recent meeting.
- Dr. Shanda Gore, Associate Vice-President, Equity, Diversity and Community Engagement,
Council Chair
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Nagi Naganathan, Interim President of the University of Toledo
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. Alan Bannister, Manager of Special Projects, City of Toledo, Office of Affirmative
Action/Contract Compliance
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Jamie Barlowe, Dean, LLSS
- Email: email@example.com
- Ms. Deborah Barnett, Owner, N-SYNC, LLC.
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Charles Beatty-Medina, Associate Professor, History Department
- Mr. Calvin Brown, Director, City of Toledo, Office of Affirmative Action/Contract
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. Lawrence Burns, Vice-President, External Affairs
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. An Chung Cheng, Associate Professor, Foreign Languages
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Maria Coleman, Professor, Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Ms. Lauri Cooper, Associate Vice-President, Senior Legal Counsel
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Johnnie Early, Dean, Professor, College of Pharmacy
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Isabel Escobar, Assistant Dean for Research Development and Outreach, Professor,
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Jim Ferris, Ability Center Endowed Chair in Disability Studies
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Sunday Griffith, Assistant Director, Enrollment & Data, Undergraduate Admissions
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Ms. Wafaa Hanna, Director, Faculty Affairs
- Email: email@example.com
- Mr. Truman Irving, President of Tensho LLC
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. Gary Johnson, President, American Flooring Installers LLC, Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
- Dr. Sakui Malakpa, Professor, Early Childhood, Physical and Special Education
- Email: email@example.com
- Ms. Karen Mathison, President & CEO, United Way of Greater Toledo
- Ms. Tamika Mitchell, Dean for Student Experience
- Email: email@example.com
- Mr. Clayton Notestine, President, UT Student Government
- Ms. Katrina Nottke, Internal Auditor
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Yvette Perry, Director of Student Affairs Career Advising
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Reverend Dr. Donald Perryman, Senior Pastor at Center of Hope Community Baptist Church
- Email: email@example.com
- Ms. Vandita Prasad, Assistant Director, Toledo Technology Academy, Toledo Public Schools
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Susan Rice, Professor, College of Nursing
- Email: email@example.com
- Mr. Terence Romer, University Registrar's Office
- Email: email@example.com
- Dr. Amal Said, Associate Professor, Accounting
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. Shailen Shah, Diversity Chair, UT Student Government
- Ms. Jovita Thomas-Williams, Associate Vice-President, Human Resources & Talent Development
- Mr. Roberto Torres, President, Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Ms. Margaret Traband, Vice Provost for Academic Operations
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. Mark A. Urrutia, Principal, Skyway Financial Group LLC.
- Email: email@example.com
- Mr. Jeffery Witt, Program Manager, Office of Equity, Diversity and Community Engagement
- Email: email@example.com
- Mr. Ray Wood, President, NAACP
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Mr. David Young, Directory, Office of Excellence and Multicultural Student Success
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Duguid targets win at former club
Plymouth full-back Karl Duguid is determined to help Argyle take all three points when they visit his former club Colchester on Saturday.The 32-year-old made 386 appearances during 14 years with the Essex side, before joining the Pilgrims in 2008. Duguid told BBC Radio Devon: "I enjoyed every minute there [Colchester] and it was all good times. "Going to see the fans will be nice, but hopefully I can be involved, and play a part in getting three points." He added: "When I moved on they mov.... read more
Sponsored links
Related Plymouth Argyle News


text:
Report: Markus Zusevics injures pec
INDIANAPOLIS -- Markus Zusevics' NFL combine workout ended Saturday after he injured a pectoral muscle doing bench presses, according to a person familiar with the player.
The person spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because league officials had not yet released details of the injury.
2012 NFL Draft
The Indianapolis Colts are officially on the clock. Follow the latest draft developments on ESPN.com.
• Blogs: NFL Nation | Scouts Inc.
• Kiper:
Mock 5.0 | The Big Board
• McShay: Final Mock | Top 32
• More draft: Order | Home | Twitter
The Iowa tackle measured in Thursday at 6-foot-5 and 303 pounds. He started the past two seasons with the Hawkeyes and was considered a strong, straight-line blocker in the running game who lacked explosiveness.
The league does carry insurance for injuries that occur at the combine, the person said without providing details, though any injury obviously could hurt the draft stock of a player.
Deciding whether to work out in Indy has always been a tricky choice for players. Former Colts vice chairman Bill Polian often argued agents who complained about Indianapolis' slow track must not have seen Edgerrin James or Marvin Harrison play on the same field, and NFL executives and coaches often encourage players to work out.
"We're going to have to go look at guys whether they work out here or not, and there are always circumstances where a guy has tweaked something and he's not able to work out here, so he will work out at his pro day," Chiefs coach Romeo Crennel said. "I think generally, if a guy is healthy and he's able to, it's better for him to work out here because he gets total exposure. Every team in the NFL is here -- general managers, head coaches, assistant coaches -- whereas at your pro day, everybody's not going to be at your pro day."
In recent years, the trend has been for many big-name players to participate in some drills and stay out of others. Baylor quarterback Robert Griffin III, for instance, plans to run Sunday in Indy. Neither Griffin nor Stanford quarterback Andrew Luck are expected to throw this weekend.
Most first-round prospects would rather perform skill tests at their school's pro day rather than around unfamiliar players and in an unfamiliar environment. Many participate in at least some of the drills.
But players projected to go after the first round, such as Zusevics, often try to impress scouts by doing as much as possible at the combine without incident.
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press
The NFL on ESPN.com
- Round 1: 3 hours
- Day 2: 7 p.m. ET, ESPN & WatchESPN
- Day 3: 12 p.m. ET, ESPN & WatchESPN
- Merrill: How dad molded Andrew Luck
- The Mag: Burfict fighting perception
- Mag: Griffin III is no ordinary QB
- Chadiha: Kuechly looks like a sure thing
- Fox: DT Poe races up the board
- Chadiha: Jenkins trying to rebuild image
- Who's the second-best RB in the draft?
- Which player is getting too much hype?
- Which team has toughest call in top 10?
- Which probable 2nd-rounder belongs in 1st?
- Which Day 2 QB will have best career?
- Horton: NFC East needs | W | N | S
- Horton: AFC East needs | W | N | S
- Fox: Skins create another QB controversy
- Clayton: Players control Pro Bowl's fate
- Clayton: Draft drama starts at No. 3
- Fox: The draft is just the beginning
- Brandt: A peek inside a draft war room
- Joyner: Five overrated draft prospects
- TMQ: Annual mock draft mockery
- Scouts Inc.: The secondary QB market
- NFL Blog Network: Mock draft 2.0
- Clayton mailbag: Jags, Fins in tough spots
- Fox: Vikings could shake up draft, more
- Williamson: Plenty of draft intrigue here
- Fox: Reaching in draft is a mistake
- Walker: Dolphins are no easy fix
- Polian: Ranking best-drafting teams
- Next Level: Risk of drafting a top-10 QB
- Mag: Stanford four could make history
- Mocks: Kiper 5.0 | McShay 6.0
- Ranks: McShay top 32 | Kiper Big Board
- Cheat Sheets: QB | RB | WR | TE | OL
- More Cheat Sheets: DL | LB | DB
- Kiper's 'Grade A' drafts: AFC | NFC
- McShay: Stacking the 2012 draft board
- McShay: Seven tiers of draft talent
- Gallery: Top offensive prospects
- Gallery: Top 10 defenders
- Complete draft order | Draft home
- Polian: Best available NFL free agents
- Yates: Teams primed to spend big in FA
- McShay: Mariota to Jets in Mock Draft 3.0
- Williamson: Best team fits for top FAs
- Kiper: Ranking top 40 WRs in draft