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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Impacts of IPv6 on Infrastructure Control Systems | Department...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Control Systems This document presents information on the impacts of adopting Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) into infrastructure control systems. The investigation was...
Systems Infrastructure (SYS 18)
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Networked Sensing Systems Infrastructure John Hicks, Karencomponents The Systems Infrastructure team assembles, tests,
Richard Guy; John Hicks; Karen Weeks
SYS 5: Systems Infrastructure
Networked Sensing Systems Infrastructure Kevin Chang, Johnnents The Systems Infrastructure team assembles, tests, and
GAO-04-354, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems
Report to Congressional Requesters Report to Congressional Requesters United States General Accounting Office GAO March 2004 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems GAO-04-354 www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-04-354. To view the full product, including the scope and methodology, click on the link above. For more information, contact Robert F. Dacey at (202) 512-3317 or email@example.com. Highlights of GAO-04-354, a report to congressional requesters March 2004 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems In addition to general cyber threats, which have been steadily increasing, several factors have contributed to the escalation of the risks of cyber attacks against control systems. These include the adoption of standardized
Interdependence of Electricity System Infrastructure and Natural...
Interdependence of Electricity System Infrastructure and Natural Gas Infrastructure - EAC 2011 Interdependence of Electricity System Infrastructure and Natural Gas Infrastructure -...
GAO-07-1036, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain
Congressional Requesters Congressional Requesters CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain September 2007 GAO-07-1036 What GAO Found United States Government Accountability Office Why GAO Did This Study Highlights Accountability Integrity Reliability September 2007 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain Highlights of GAO-07-1036, a report to congressional requesters Control systems-computer-based systems that monitor and control sensitive processes and physical functions-perform vital functions in many of our nation's critical infrastructures, including electric power, oil and gas, water treatment, and chemical production. The disruption of
Critical Infrastructure Modeling: An Approach to Characterizing Interdependencies of Complex Networks & Control Systems
SciTech Connect
Critical infrastructure control systems face many challenges entering the 21st century, including natural disasters, cyber attacks, and terrorist attacks. Revolutionary change is required to solve many existing issues, including gaining greater situational awareness and resiliency through embedding modeling and advanced control algorithms in smart sensors and control devices instead of in a central controller. To support design, testing, and component analysis, a flexible simulation and modeling capability is needed. Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory are developing and evaluating such a capability through their CIPRsim modeling and simulation framework.
Stuart Walsh; Shane Cherry; Lyle Roybal
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis (Presentation)
This presentation summarizes controlled hydrogen fleet & infrastructure analysis undertaken for the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Program.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Ramsden, T.
Middleware for Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems
Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems." COM Safety:of Transportation. Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII).for Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems Christian
Manasseh, Christian; Sengupta, Raja
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain GAO is making recommendations to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop a strategy for coordinating control systems security efforts and to enhance information sharing with relevant stakeholders. DHS officials did not agree or disagree with GAO's recommendations, but stated that they would take them under advisement. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain More Documents & Publications GAO Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems (March 2004)
PowerMatcher: multiagent control in the electricity infrastructure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Different driving forces push the electricity production towards decentralization. As a result, the current electricity infrastructure is expected to evolve into a network of networks, in which all system parts communicate with each other and influence ... Keywords: electrical power systems automation, electricity infrastructure, electronic markets, multi-agent control, multi-agent systems
J. K. Kok; C. J. Warmer; I. G. Kamphuis
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This presentation by Keith Wipke at the 2007 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review Meeting provides information about NREL's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis Project.
Wipke, K.
Wireless Infrastructure for Performing Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Control HVAC and Other Energy-Using Systems in Small Commercial Buildings
This project focused on developing a low-cost wireless infrastructure for monitoring, diagnosing, and controlling building systems and equipment. End users receive information via the Internet and need only a web browser and Internet connection. The system used wireless communications for: (1) collecting data centrally on site from many wireless sensors installed on building equipment, (2) transmitting control signals to actuators and (3) transmitting data to an offsite network operations center where it is processed and made available to clients on the Web (see Figure 1). Although this wireless infrastructure can be applied to any building system, it was tested on two representative applications: (1) monitoring and diagnostics for packaged rooftop HVAC units used widely on small commercial buildings and (2) continuous diagnosis and control of scheduling errors such as lights and equipment left on during unoccupied hours. This project developed a generic infrastructure for performance monitoring, diagnostics, and control, applicable to a broad range of building systems and equipment, but targeted specifically to small to medium commercial buildings (an underserved market segment). The proposed solution is based on two wireless technologies. The first, wireless telemetry, is used for cell phones and paging and is reliable and widely available. This risk proved to be easily managed during the project. The second technology is on-site wireless communication for acquiring data from sensors and transmitting control signals. The technology must enable communication with many nodes, overcome physical obstructions, operate in environments with other electrical equipment, support operation with on-board power (instead of line power) for some applications, operate at low transmission power in license-free radio bands, and be low cost. We proposed wireless mesh networking to meet these needs. This technology is relatively new and has been applied only in research and tests. This proved to be a major challenge for the project and was ultimately abandoned in favor of a directly wired solution for collecting sensor data at the building. The primary reason for this was the relatively short ranges at which we were able to effectively place the sensor nodes from the central receiving unit. Several different mesh technologies were attempted with similar results. Two hardware devices were created during the original performance period of the project. The first device, the WEB-MC, is a master control unit that has two radios, a CPU, memory, and serves as the central communications device for the WEB-MC System (Currently called the 'BEST Wireless HVAC Maintenance System' as a tentative commercial product name). The WEB-MC communicates with the local mesh network system via one of its antennas. Communication with the mesh network enables the WEB-MC to configure the network, send/receive data from individual motes, and serves as the primary mechanism for collecting sensor data at remote locations. The second antenna enables the WEB-MC to connect to a cellular network ('Long-Haul Communications') to transfer data to and from the NorthWrite Network Operations Center (NOC). A third 'all-in-one' hardware solution was created after the project was extended (Phase 2) and additional resources were provided. The project team leveraged a project funded by the State of Washington to develop a hardware solution that integrated the functionality of the original two devices. The primary reason for this approach was to eliminate the mesh network technical difficulties that severely limited the functionality of the original hardware approach. There were five separate software developments required to deliver the functionality needed for this project. These include the Data Server (or Network Operations Center), Web Application, Diagnostic Software, WEB-MC Embedded Software, Mote Embedded Software. Each of these developments was necessarily dependent on the others. This resulted in a challenging management task - requiring high bandwidth communications among
Patrick O'Neill
Hydrogen Fueling Systems and Infrastructure
Hydrogen Fueling Systems and Infrastructure Storage & Delivery Production Conversion & Application emissions: renewable based feedstock · Flexibility #12;Targets and Status Hydrogen Delivery 858280%Energyk1.2M1.4M$/mileTrunk lines Hydrogen Gas Pipelines 877065%Energy efficiency 0.531.011.11$/kg H2Cost
PIA - EERE Infrastructure-EERE Reviewer Management System | Department...
EERE Infrastructure-EERE Reviewer Management System PIA - EERE Infrastructure-EERE Reviewer Management System PIA - EERE Infrastructure-EERE Reviewer Management System PIA - EERE...
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project
General Motors, LLC and energy partner Shell Hydrogen, LLC, deployed a system of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles integrated with a hydrogen fueling station infrastructure to operate under real world conditions as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Validation and Demonstration Project. This technical report documents the performance and describes the learnings from progressive generations of vehicle fuel cell system technology and multiple approaches to hydrogen generation and delivery for vehicle fueling.
Stottler, Gary
Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System Design
Gas Based Hydrogen Infrastructure � Optimizing Transitionseconomies and lower infrastructure costs. REFERENCES 1. NRC,a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System
Ogden, Joan M; Yang, Christopher
NREL: Energy Analysis - Electric Infrastructure Systems Technology...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Electric Infrastructure Systems Technology Analysis Models and Tools The following is a list of models and tools that can assist in learning more about the listed technologies and...
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through September 2010.
Wipke, K.; Spirk, S.; Kurtz, J.; Ramsden, T.
An agent-based microsimulation of critical infrastructure systems
US infrastructures provide essential services that support the economic prosperity and quality of life. Today, the latest threat to these infrastructures is the increasing complexity and interconnectedness of the system. On balance, added connectivity will improve economic efficiency; however, increased coupling could also result in situations where a disturbance in an isolated infrastructure unexpectedly cascades across diverse infrastructures. An understanding of the behavior of complex systems can be critical to understanding and predicting infrastructure responses to unexpected perturbation. Sandia National Laboratories has developed an agent-based model of critical US infrastructures using time-dependent Monte Carlo methods and a genetic algorithm learning classifier system to control decision making. The model is currently under development and contains agents that represent the several areas within the interconnected infrastructures, including electric power and fuel supply. Previous work shows that agent-based simulations models have the potential to improve the accuracy of complex system forecasting and to provide new insights into the factors that are the primary drivers of emergent behaviors in interdependent systems. Simulation results can be examined both computationally and analytically, offering new ways of theorizing about the impact of perturbations to an infrastructure network.
CIFTS: Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems...
CIFTS: Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems CIFTS: Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems Current systems software components for large-scale...
CIFTS: A Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems...
CIFTS: A Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems Title CIFTS: A Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault-Tolerant Systems Publication Type Conference Paper Year of...
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration Project
This program was undertaken in response to the US Department of Energy Solicitation DE-PS30-03GO93010, resulting in this Cooperative Agreement with the Ford Motor Company and BP to demonstrate and evaluate hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and required fueling infrastructure. Ford initially placed 18 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) in three geographic regions of the US (Sacramento, CA; Orlando, FL; and southeast Michigan). Subsequently, 8 advanced technology vehicles were developed and evaluated by the Ford engineering team in Michigan. BP is Ford's principal partner and co-applicant on this project and provided the hydrogen infrastructure to support the fuel cell vehicles. BP ultimately provided three new fueling stations. The Ford-BP program consists of two overlapping phases. The deliverables of this project, combined with those of other industry consortia, are to be used to provide critical input to hydrogen economy commercialization decisions by 2015. The program's goal is to support industry efforts of the US President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative in developing a path to a hydrogen economy. This program was designed to seek complete systems solutions to address hydrogen infrastructure and vehicle development, and possible synergies between hydrogen fuel electricity generation and transportation applications. This project, in support of that national goal, was designed to gain real world experience with Hydrogen powered Fuel Cell Vehicles (H2FCV) 'on the road' used in everyday activities, and further, to begin the development of the required supporting H2 infrastructure. Implementation of a new hydrogen vehicle technology is, as expected, complex because of the need for parallel introduction of a viable, available fuel delivery system and sufficient numbers of vehicles to buy fuel to justify expansion of the fueling infrastructure. Viability of the fuel structure means widespread, affordable hydrogen which can return a reasonable profit to the fuel provider, while viability of the vehicle requires an expected level of cost, comfort, safety and operation, especially driving range, that consumers require. This presents a classic 'chicken and egg' problem, which Ford believes can be solved with thoughtful implementation plans. The eighteen Ford Focus FCV vehicles that were operated for this demonstration project provided the desired real world experience. Some things worked better than expected. Most notable was the robustness and life of the fuel cell. This is thought to be the result of the full hybrid configuration of the drive system where the battery helps to overcome the performance reduction associated with time related fuel cell degradation. In addition, customer satisfaction surveys indicated that people like the cars and the concept and operated them with little hesitation. Although the demonstrated range of the cars was near 200 miles, operators felt constrained because of the lack of a number of conveniently located fueling stations. Overcoming this major concern requires overcoming a key roadblock, fuel storage, in a manner that permits sufficient quantity of fuel without sacrificing passenger or cargo capability. Fueling infrastructure, on the other hand, has been problematic. Only three of a planned seven stations were opened. The difficulty in obtaining public approval and local government support for hydrogen fuel, based largely on the fear of hydrogen that grew from past disasters and atomic weaponry, has inhibited progress and presents a major roadblock to implementation. In addition the cost of hydrogen production, in any of the methodologies used in this program, does not show a rapid reduction to commercially viable rates. On the positive side of this issue was the demonstrated safety of the fueling station, equipment and process. In the Ford program, there were no reported safety incidents.
Dr. Scott Staley
M.: On the impact of network infrastructure parameters to the effectiveness of cyber attacks against industrial control systems
The fact that modern Networked Industrial Control Systems (NICS) depend on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), is well known. Although many studies have focused on the security of SCADA systems, today we still lack the proper understanding of the effects that cyber attacks have on NICS. In this paper we identify the communication and control logic implementation parameters that influence the outcome of attacks against NICS and that could be used as effective measures for increasing the resilience of industrial installations. The implemented scenario involves a powerful attacker that is able to send legitimate Modbus packets/commands to control hardware in order to bring the physical process into a critical state, i.e. dangerous, or more generally unwanted state of the system. The analysis uses a Boiling Water Power Plant to show that the outcome of cyber attacks is influenced by network delays, packet losses, background traffic and control logic scheduling time. The main goal of this paper is to start an exploration of cyber-physical effects in particular scenarios. This study is the first of its kind to analyze cyber-physical systems and provides insight to the way that the cyber realm affects the physical realm.
B. Genge; C. Siaterlis; M. Hohenadel; B�la Genge; Christos Siaterlis; Marc Hohenadel
challenge. Hydrogen energy storage density has been steadilya Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and Systema Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System
Ogden, J; Yang, Christopher
as a key challenge. Hydrogen energy storage density has beena Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and Systema Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System
Scanning the Technology Energy Infrastructure Defense Systems
of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of backbone fiber-optic or microwave connectingScanning the Technology Energy Infrastructure Defense Systems MASSOUD AMIN, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE systems and to develop de- fense plans to protect the network against extreme contingencies caused
Amin, S. Massoud
WristQue : a personal sensor wristband for smart infrastructure and control
Despite the rapid expansion of computers beyond desktop systems into devices and systems in the environment around us, the control interfaces to these systems are often basic and inadequate, particularly for infrastructure ...
Mayton, Brian D. (Brian Dean)
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis (2008 Presentation)
This presentation by Keith Wipke at the 2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review Meeting provides information about NREL's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis Project.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project (Presentation)
This presentation, which provides information on the Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project, was given at the Fuel Cell Seminar in November 2004.
Garbak, J.; Gronich, S.; Wipke, K.; Welch, C.
Distributed control applied to combined electricity and natural gas infrastructures
Abstract � The optimization of combined electricity and natural gas systems is addressed in this paper. The two networks are connected via energy hubs. Using the energy hub concept, the interactions between the different infrastructures can be analyzed. A system consisting of several interconnected hubs forms a distributed power generation structure where each hub is controlled by its respective control agent. Recently, a distributed control method has been applied to such a system. The overall optimization problem including the entire system is decomposed into subproblems according to the control agents. In this paper, a parallel and serial version of that method is discussed. Simulation results are obtained through experiments on a three-hub benchmark system. I.
Mich�le Arnold; Rudy R. Negenborn; G�ran Andersson; Bart De Schutter
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) System Security Requirements
This report identifies key cyber security requirements and suggests basic security approaches for safeguarding the many interfaces of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems. These requirements, which were developed through a clearly defined security assessment procedure, are generic; but they can be used to develop more specific security requirements based on actual configurations and environments.
Critical infrastructure systems of systems assessment methodology.
Assessing the risk of malevolent attacks against large-scale critical infrastructures requires modifications to existing methodologies that separately consider physical security and cyber security. This research has developed a risk assessment methodology that explicitly accounts for both physical and cyber security, while preserving the traditional security paradigm of detect, delay, and respond. This methodology also accounts for the condition that a facility may be able to recover from or mitigate the impact of a successful attack before serious consequences occur. The methodology uses evidence-based techniques (which are a generalization of probability theory) to evaluate the security posture of the cyber protection systems. Cyber threats are compared against cyber security posture using a category-based approach nested within a path-based analysis to determine the most vulnerable cyber attack path. The methodology summarizes the impact of a blended cyber/physical adversary attack in a conditional risk estimate where the consequence term is scaled by a ''willingness to pay'' avoidance approach.
Sholander, Peter E.; Darby, John L.; Phelan, James M.; Smith, Bryan; Wyss, Gregory Dane; Walter, Andrew; Varnado, G. Bruce; Depoy, Jennifer Mae
This is a presentation about the Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Learning Demo, a 7-year project and the largest single FCEV and infrastructure demonstration in the world to date. Information such as its approach, technical accomplishments and progress; collaborations and future work are discussed.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Ramsden, T.; Ainscough, C.; Saur, G.
Modeling and simulation of catastrophic events affecting critical infrastructure systems
Critical infrastructure systems are very important to the socioeconomic stability of any nation and the overall well-being of humans. However, those infrastructure systems are vulnerable to the distractive forces of natural and anthropogenic episodic ... Keywords: animation, emergency evacuation, episodic events, flooding, infrastructure, safety, security, simulation, visualization
Panagiotis D. Scarlatos; Evangelos I. Kaisar; Ramesh Teegavarapu
Model Uncertainty and the Management of a System of Infrastructure Facilities
Management of a System of Infrastructure Facilities KennethAbstract The network-level infrastructure management problemS. (1993) Optimal Infrastructure Management Decisions Under
Kuhn, Kenneth D.; Madanat, Samer M.
Optimal Infrastructure System Maintenance and Repair Policies with Random Deterioration Model Parameters
Deterioration,� Journal of Infrastructure System , ASCE,Maintenance Policies for Infrastructure Networks,� Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering , Vol. 15, No. 1,
Park, Sejung
Probabilistic Models for Life Cycle Management of Energy Infrastructure Systems.
??The degradation of aging energy infrastructure systems has the potential to increase the risk of failure, resulting in power outage and costly unplanned maintenance work.� (more)
Datla, Suresh Varma
Workshop: Workshop: Compressed Natural Gas and Hydrogen Fuels: Lessons Learned for the Safe Deployment of Vehicles December 11, 2009 John Garbak, Todd Ramsden Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Innovation for Our Energy Future Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration Project Objectives and Targets * Objectives - Validate H 2 FC Vehicles and Infrastructure in Parallel - Identify Current Status and Evolution of the Technology - Objectively Assess Progress Toward Technology Readiness - Provide Feedback to H 2 Research and Development Photo: NREL Solar Electrolysis Station, Sacramento, CA Performance Measure
Intrusion Detection System for Advanced Metering Infrastructure
The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) technology significantly increases the attack surface that utilities have to protect. As a result, there is a critical need for efficient monitoring solutions to supplement protective measures and keep the infrastructure secure. This document investigates current industrial and academic efforts to address the challenge of detecting security events across the range of AMI networks and devices. The goal of this study is to help utilities and ...
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Fall 2008
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through September 2008.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Progress Update; Preprint
Summary of DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project from initiation through January 2006.
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Thomas, H.; Sprik, S.; Gronich, S.; Garbak, J.; Hooker, D.
Communication infrastructure planning for wide area measurement systems in power systems
Smart grid denotes integration of all elements connected to a power grid with a communication infrastructure. In modern power systems, wide area measurement systems WAMS are such systems that use communication infrastructure to share their data and information. ...
Mohammad Shahraeini; Mohammad Hossein Javidi; Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh
Adaptive Optimization and Systematic Probing of Infrastructure System Maintenance Policies under Model Uncertainty
Maintenance; Optimization; Probabilistic models; Adaptive systems; Uncertainty principles . Introduction Infrastructure management systems
Madanat, S M; Park, Sejung; Kuhn, K D
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure...
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure Control Systems Are Under Way, but Challenges Remain CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION Multiple Efforts to Secure...
Approach for modelling of large maritime infrastructure systems
Simulation studies for large infrastructure systems often consists of a large number of experiments. Performing all experiments, and the required adjustments to simulation models, is time consuming. In addition it is difficult to keep track of all performed ...
Edwin C. Valentin; Sicco Steijaert; Rienk A. Bijlsma; Piero Silva
Sensor data driven proactive management of infrastructure systems
In a paper presented at the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering in Cancun, Mexico, a vision was laid out for sensor data-driven, proactive management of infrastructure systems in which information and communication technology ...
James H. Garrett; Burcu Akinci; Scott Matthews; Chris Gordon; Hongjun Wang; Vipul Singhvi
Parallel I/O Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems
Parallel IO Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems Parallel IO Software Infrastructure for Large-Scale Systems | Tags: Math & Computer Science Choudhary.png An...
maintenance and repair policies in infrastructure managementOptimal maintenance decisions for pavement management. � J.Maintenance; Optimization; Probabilistic models; Adaptive systems; Uncertainty principles . Introduction Infrastructure management
CDP - Adaptive Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Technology for Infrastructure Protection
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems are a type of Industrial Control System characterized by the centralized (or hierarchical) monitoring and control of geographically dispersed assets. SCADA systems combine acquisition and network components to provide data gathering, transmission, and visualization for centralized monitoring and control. However these integrated capabilities, especially when built over legacy systems and protocols, generally result in vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers, with potentially disastrous consequences. Our research project proposal was to investigate new approaches for secure and survivable SCADA systems. In particular, we were interested in the resilience and adaptability of large-scale mission-critical monitoring and control infrastructures. Our research proposal was divided in two main tasks. The first task was centered on the design and investigation of algorithms for survivable SCADA systems and a prototype framework demonstration. The second task was centered on the characterization and demonstration of the proposed approach in illustrative scenarios (simulated or emulated).
Marco Carvalho; Richard Ford
Cognitive Coexistence between Infrastructure and Ad-hoc Systems
The rapid proliferation of wireless systems makes interference management more and more important. This paper presents a novel cognitive coexistence framework, which enables an infrastructure system to reduce interference to ad-hoc or peer-to-peer communication links in close proximity. Motivated by the superior resources of the infrastructure system, we study how its centralized resource allocation can accommodate the ad-hoc links based on sensing and predicting their interference patterns. Based on an ON/OFF continuous-time Markov chain model, the optimal allocation of power and transmission time is formulated as a convex optimization problem and closed-form solutions are derived. The optimal scheduling is extended to the case where the infrastructure channel is random and rate constraints need only be met in the long-term average. Finally, the multi-terminal case is addressed and the problem of optimal sub-channel allocation discussed. Numerical performance analysis illustrates that utilizing the superior ...
Geirhofer, Stefan; Sadler, Brian M
Introduction to the U.S. Department of Energy's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project
Early in 2003, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the ''Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project'' solicitation. The purpose of this project is to examine the impact and performance of fuel cell vehicles and the requisite hydrogen infrastructure in real-world applications. The integrated nature of the project enables DOE to work with industry to test, demonstrate, and validate optimal system solutions. Information learned from the vehicles and infrastructure will be fed back into DOE's R&D program to guide and refocus future research as needed, making this project truly a ''learning demonstration''.
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Gronich, S.; Garbak, J.; Hooker, D.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Fall 2006 Progress Update (Presentation)
This presentation, given by NREL's Keith Wipke at EVS-22, provides an update on the Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project.
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Thomas, H.; Sprik, S.; Gronich, S.; Garbak, J.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Data Analysis Overview; Preprint
Paper for the 2005 National Hydrogen Association conference provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project.
Welch, C.; Wipke, K.; Gronich, S.; Garbak, J.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Progress Update (Presentation)
Presentation outlining the progress of DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project, prepared for the 2006 National Hydrogen Association Meeting.
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Thomas, H.; Sprik, S.; Gronich, S.; Garbak. J.; Hooker, D.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Project Overview and Fall 2006 Results (Presentation)
This presentation on NREL's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project was given by Keith Wipke at the ZEV Technology Symposium on September 15, 2006.
NREL: Electric Infrastructure Systems Research - Distributed...
the distributed power industry in the development and testing of distributed power systems. Researchers use state-of-the-art laboratories and outdoor test beds to characterize...
Technology Analysis NREL's energy analysis supports distribution and interconnection R&D, which is responsible for distributed resources' system integration. Industrial...
Impact of Natural Gas Infrastructure on Electric Power Systems
--Combined-cycle unit, electricity market, natural gas infrastructure, pipeline contingency, pumped-storage hydro, renew gas utilities typically rely on the natural gas storage to augment supplies flowing through) in the natural gas system, deliver natural gas from city gate stations, underground storage facilities, and other
Fu, Yong
Planning roadside infrastructure for information dissemination in intelligent transportation systems
We consider an intelligent transportation system where a given number of infrastructured nodes (called Dissemination Points, DPs) have to be deployed for disseminating information to vehicles in an urban area. We formulate our problem as a Maximum Coverage ... Keywords: Maximum coverage, Network deployment, Vehicular networks
O. Trullols; M. Fiore; C. Casetti; C. F. Chiasserini; J. M. Barcelo Ordinas
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Analysis - DOE Hydrogen...
conditions, using multiple sites, varying climates, and a variety of hydrogen sources. Analyze detailed fuel cell and hydrogen data from * vehicles and infrastructure to...
NREL: Electric Infrastructure Systems Research - Distributed Energy
Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility NREL's Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility (DERTF) is a working laboratory for interconnection and systems integration testing. This state-of-the-art facility includes generation, storage, and interconnection technologies as well as electric power system equipment capable of simulating a real-world electric system. Photo of the Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility and an adjacent solar photovoltaic array. The Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility is located at the National Wind Technology Center near Boulder, Colorado. Take a virtual tour of the DERTF. Researchers at the facility can vary equipment configurations and introduce common electrical disturbances such as sags, swells, and harmonic issues on
grids become heavily loaded with long-dis- tance transfers, the already complex system dynamics become world. Furthermore, as the power grids become heavily loaded with long-distance transfers, the already on microprocessor-based devices in vehicles, homes, offices, and industrial facilities, grid congestion and atypical
sSCADA: securing SCADA infrastructure communications
Distributed control systems (DCS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems were developed to reduce labour costs, and to allow system-wide monitoring and remote control from a central location. Control systems ... Keywords: DCS, SCADA, authenticated broadcast channels, authenticated emergency channels, authentication, critical infrastructures, cyber attacks, data acquisition, distributed control systems, infrastructure protection, secure channels, secure communications, smart grid security, supervisory control
Yongge Wang
Towards a Distributed, Service-Oriented Control Infrastructure for Smart Grid
Smart Grid initiatives aim to overlay the existing power grid infrastructure with a communication and computation infrastructure to enable integration of renewable resources and increased efficiency and reliability of the electric power grid. This requires ... Keywords: Smart Grid, Cyber Physical Systems, Power System Informatics, Hard Real-Time Systems, Web Services, Model Transformation
Muhammad Umer Tariq; Santiago Grijalva; Marilyn Wolf
Critical infrastructure protection: Resource efficient sampling to improve detection of less frequent patterns in network traffic
Networked critical infrastructures are of national importance. However, such infrastructures are running 24/7. The supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) of the critical infrastructure will generate enormous network traffic continuously. ... Keywords: Critical infrastructure, Sampling, Traffic analysis
Abdun Naser Mahmood; Jiankun Hu; Zahir Tari; Christopher Leckie
Time-dependent resilience assessment and improvement of urban infrastructure systems
This paper introduces an approach to assess and improve the time-dependent resilience of urban infrastructure systems
Min Ouyang; Leonardo Due�as-Osorio
'Known Secure Sensor Measurements' for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Detecting Falsification of System State
This paper describes a first investigation on a low cost and low false alarm, reliable mechanism for detecting manipulation of critical physical processes and falsification of system state. We call this novel mechanism Known Secure Sensor Measurements (KSSM). The method moves beyond analysis of network traffic and host based state information, in fact it uses physical measurements of the process being controlled to detect falsification of state. KSSM is intended to be incorporated into the design of new, resilient, cost effective critical infrastructure control systems. It can also be included in incremental upgrades of already in- stalled systems for enhanced resilience. KSSM is based on known secure physical measurements for assessing the likelihood of an attack and will demonstrate a practical approach to creating, transmitting, and using the known secure measurements for detection.
Miles McQueen; Annarita Giani
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Fall 2009; Composite Data Products, Final Version September 11, 2009
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through September 2009.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Spring 2010; Composite Data Products, Final Version March 29, 2010
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through March 2010.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Spring 2009; Composite Data Products, Final Version March 19, 2009
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through March 2009.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project; Spring 2008 Composite Data Products, Final Version: February 29, 2008
Graphs of composite data products produced by DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project through February 2008.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz J.
An integrated modeling framework for infrastructure system-of-systems simulation
Design of future hard infrastructure must consider emergent behaviors from cross-system interdependencies. Understanding these interdependencies is challenging due to high levels of integration in high-performance systems ...
de Weck, Olivier L.
Interdependence of Electricity System Infrastructure and Natural Gas Infrastructure- EAC 2011
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Recommendations from the Electricity Advisory Committee on actions to be taken by the Department of Energy given the interdependence of the Nation�s electric infrastructure and natural gas...
Common vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure control systems
commercial advantage and that the present copyright notice is included in all copies, so that the recipients of such copies are equally bound to abide by the present conditions. Unlimited release � approved for public release. Sandia National Laboratories report SAND2003-1772C. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,
Jason Stamp; John Dillinger; William Young; Jennifer Depoy
Earthquake warning system for infrastructures : a scoping analysis.
This report provides the results of a scoping study evaluating the potential risk reduction value of a hypothetical, earthquake early-warning system. The study was based on an analysis of the actions that could be taken to reduce risks to population and infrastructures, how much time would be required to take each action and the potential consequences of false alarms given the nature of the action. The results of the scoping analysis indicate that risks could be reduced through improving existing event notification systems and individual responses to the notification; and production and utilization of more detailed risk maps for local planning. Detailed maps and training programs, based on existing knowledge of geologic conditions and processes, would reduce uncertainty in the consequence portion of the risk analysis. Uncertainties in the timing, magnitude and location of earthquakes and the potential impacts of false alarms will present major challenges to the value of an early-warning system.
Brodsky, Nancy S.; O'Connor, Sharon L.; Stamber, Kevin Louis; Kelic, Andjelka; Fogleman, William E. (GRIT, Inc., Albuquerque, NM); Vugrin, Eric D.; Corbet, Thomas Frank, Jr.; Brown, Theresa Jean
Securing Control Systems Modems
Recommended Practice for Securing Recommended Practice for Securing Control System Modems January 2008 iii ABSTRACT This paper addresses an often overlooked "backdoor" into critical infrastructure control systems created by modem connections. A modem's connection to the public telephone system is similar to a corporate network connection to the Internet. By tracing typical attack paths into the system, this paper provides the reader with an analysis of the problem and then guides the reader through methods to evaluate existing modem security. Following the analysis, a series of methods for securing modems is provided. These methods are correlated to well-known networking security methods. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This document was developed for the U.S. Department of Homeland
Natural Gas Based Hydrogen Infrastructure � Optimizingof the 2005 National Hydrogen Association Meeting,the lowest-cost Hydrogen delivery mode , Manuscript
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A boiling water type nuclear reactor power system having improved means of control is described. These means include provisions for either heating the coolant-moderator prior to entry into the reactor or shunting the coolantmoderator around the heating means in response to the demand from the heat engine. These provisions are in addition to means for withdrawing the control rods from the reactor. (AEC)
Shannon, R.H.; Williamson, H.E.
Critical infrastructure security curriculum modules
Critical infrastructures have succumbed to the demands of greater connectivity. Although the scheme of connecting these critical equipment and devices to cyberspace has brought us tremendous convenience, it also enabled certain unimaginable risks and ... Keywords: SCADA, control systems, course modules, critical infrastructures, cybersecurity, programmable logic controllers, security, vulnerability
Guillermo A. Francia, III
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: First Set of Composite Data Products for Publication - March 1, 2006
This presentation provides the initial composite data products available for publication from NREL's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project.
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Thomas, H.; Sprik, S.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Spring 2007 Composite Data Products; March 8, 2007
This presentation provides the composite data products from Spring 2007 from NREL's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Thomas, H.; Welch, C.
Recommended Practice for Patch Management of Control Systems
A key component in protecting a nation�s critical infrastructure and key resources is the security of control systems. The term industrial control system refers to supervisory control and data acquisition, process control, distributed control, and any other systems that control, monitor, and manage the nation�s critical infrastructure. Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR) consists of electric power generators, transmission systems, transportation systems, dam and water systems, communication systems, chemical and petroleum systems, and other critical systems that cannot tolerate sudden interruptions in service. Simply stated, a control system gathers information and then performs a function based on its established parameters and the information it receives. The patch management of industrial control systems software used in CIKR is inconsistent at best and nonexistent at worst. Patches are important to resolve security vulnerabilities and functional issues. This report recommends patch management practices for consideration and deployment by industrial control systems owners.
Steven Tom; Dale Christiansen; Dan Berrett
XAL is a Java programming framework for building high-level control applications related to accelerator physics. The structure, details of implementation, and interaction between components, auxiliary XAL packages, and the latest modifications are discussed. A general overview of XAL applications created for the SNS project is presented.
Shishlo, Andrei P [ORNL; Allen, Christopher K [ORNL; Chu, Paul [Stanford University; Galambos, John D [ORNL; Pelaia II, Tom [ORNL
North American Electricity Infrastructure: System Security, Quality, Reliability, Availability, and Efficiency
1 North American Electricity Infrastructure: System Security, Quality, Reliability, Availability for reliable and disturbance-free electricity. The massive power outages in the United States, Canada, UK and Italy in 2003 underscored electricity infrastructure's vulnerabilities [1-11]. This vital yet complex
A System-layer Infrastructure for SoC Diagnosis
During IC manufacturing phase, discriminating between good and faulty chips is not enough. In fact, especially in the first phase of the production of a new device, a complete understanding of the possible failures is quickly required to ramp up production ... Keywords: Infrastructure-IP, Memory, Processor and UDL logic self-testing, SoC diagnosis
P. Bernardi; M. Grosso; M. Rebaudengo; M. Sonza Reorda
Resilient Control Systems: Next Generation Design Research
Since digital control systems were introduced to the market more than 30 years ago, the operational efficiency and stability gained through their use have fueled our migration and ultimate dependence on them for the monitoring and control of critical infrastructure. While these systems have been designed for functionality and reliability, a hostile cyber environment and uncertainties in complex networks and human interactions have placed additional parameters on the design expectations for control systems.
Craig Rieger
East Coast Infrastructure
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
East Coast Infrastructure. Uncheck or check an item to hide or show it in the map. ... Infrastructure�Energy Information Administration (GasTran System), ...
BNL | Cloud Lifecycle Infrastructure
Cloud Life Cycle Infrastructure Cloud Life Cycle Infrastructure An important component of any long-term atmospheric measurement program is the quality control and maintenance of the datastreams from instrument systems. Further, the raw measurements from atmospheric remote sensing instrumentation are not directly useable by the majority of the scientific community. These raw measurements must be interpreted and converted to geophysical quantities that can be more readily used by a greater number of scientists to address important questions regarding the Earth's climate system. The cloud life cycle infrastructure group at BNL is led by Dr. Michael Jensen and is responsible for the development and production of cloud-related value-added products (VAPs). The cloud life cycle infrastructure group also provides mentorships for the millimeter cloud
JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS � ASCE / SEPTEMBER 2006must be ?led with the ASCE Managing Editor. The manuscriptNo. 3, September 1, 2006. �ASCE, ISSN 1076-0342/2006/3-192�
Facility design philosophy: Tank Waste Remediation System Process support and infrastructure definition
This report documents the current facility design philosophy for the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) process support and infrastructure definition. The Tank Waste Remediation System Facility Configuration Study (FCS) initially documented the identification and definition of support functions and infrastructure essential to the TWRS processing mission. Since the issuance of the FCS, the Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) has proceeded to develop information and requirements essential for the technical definition of the TWRS treatment processing programs.
Leach, C.E.; Galbraith, J.D. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Grant, P.R.; Francuz, D.J.; Schroeder, P.J. [Fluor Daniel, Inc., Richland, WA (United States)
Lifecycle Management of Protection, Control and Associated Data Acquisition Infrastructure: Challenges and R&D Needs
Protection and control technologies are experiencing fundamental and revolutionary changes. In the transition from legacy electro-mechanical relays to the state of the art digital assets, utilities are facing the emerging challenges in the life-cycle management of a highly diverse and increasingly complicated P&C infrastructure. Most installed electro-mechanical devices are aging and close to their designed life cycle; meanwhile, new generation of microprocessor relays tend to have a much ...
Stochastic Life-cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Infrastructure Systems and an Application to Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Infrastructure systems are critical to a country�s prosperity. It is extremely important to manage the infrastructure systems efficiently in order to avoid wastage and to maximize benefits. Deterioration of infrastructure systems is one of the primary issues in civil engineering today. This problem has been widely acknowledged by engineering community in numerous studies. We need to evolve efficient strategies to tackle the problem of infrastructure deterioration and to efficiently operate infrastructure. In this research, we propose stochastic models to predict the process of deterioration in engineering systems and to perform life-cycle analysis (LCA) of deteriorating engineering systems. LCA has been recognized, over the years, as a highly informative tool for helping the decision making process in infrastructure management. In this research, we propose a stochastic model, SSA, to accurately predict the effect of deterioration processes in engineering systems. The SSA model addresses some of the important and ignored areas in the existing models such as the effect of deterioration on both capacity and demands of systems and accounting for different types of failures in assessing the life-span of a deteriorating system. Furthermore, this research proposes RTLCA, a renewal theory based LCA model, to predict the life-cycle performance of deteriorating systems taking into account not only the life-time reliability but also the costs associated with operating a system. In addition, this research investigates the effect of seismic degradation on the reliability of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. For this purpose, we model the seismic degradation process in the RC bridge columns which are the primary lateral load resisting system in a bridge. Thereafter, the RTLCA model along with SSA model is used to study the life-cycle of an example RC bridge located in seismic regions accounting for seismic degradation. It is expected that the models proposed in this research will be helpful in better managing our infrastructure systems.
Ramesh Kumar, - 1982-
This presentation, which provides information on the U.S. Department of Energy's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project, was given at EVS-21 in April 2005.;
Wipke, K.; Welch, C.; Thomas, H.; Gronich, S.; Garbak, J.; Hooker, D.
Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project: Fall 2006 Progress Update
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project through a competitive solicitation process in 2003. The purpose of this project is to conduct an integrated field validation that simultaneously examines the performance of fuel cell vehicles and the supporting hydrogen infrastructure. Four industry teams have signed cooperative agreements with DOE and are supporting plans for more than 130 fuel cell vehicles and 20 hydrogen refueling stations over the 5-year project duration. This paper provides a status update covering the progress accomplished by the demonstration and validation project over the last six months; the first composite data products from the project were published in March 2006. The composite data products aggregate individual performance into a range that protects the intellectual property of the companies involved, while publicizing the progress the hydrogen and fuel cell industry is making as a whole relative to the program objectives and timeline. Updates to previously published composite data products, such as on-road fuel economy and vehicle/infrastructure safety, will be presented along with new composite data products, such as fuel cell stack efficiency and refueling behavior.
Optimal maintenance and repair policies in infrastructure management under uncertain facility deterioration rates: an adaptive control approach
1987. Optimal maintenance decisions for pavement management.maintenance and repair policies in infrastructure managementmanagement systems. In Section 3 we present AC formulations for the problem of ?nding optimal maintenance and
Madanat, S M; Durango, Pablo L
Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment
Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment This document describes a customized process for cyber vulnerability assessment in compliance with the Critical Infrastructure Protection standards adopted by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation in 2006. This guide covers the planning, execution, and reporting process. Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment More Documents & Publications Wireless System Considerations When Implementing NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement Cyber Security Standards "Cybersecurity for State Regulators" - NARUC Primer (June 2012)
Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment This document describes a customized process for cyber vulnerability assessment in compliance with the Critical Infrastructure Protection standards adopted by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation in 2006. This guide covers the planning, execution, and reporting process. Guide to Critical Infrastructure Protection Cyber Vulnerability Assessment More Documents & Publications Wireless System Considerations When Implementing NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement Cyber Security Standards "Cybersecurity for State Regulators" - NARUC Primer (June
Award ER25750: Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault Tolerance Systems Indiana University Final Report
The main purpose of the Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault Tolerance in Systems initiative has been to conduct research with a goal of providing end-to-end fault tolerance on a systemwide basis for applications and other system software. While fault tolerance has been an integral part of most high-performance computing (HPC) system software developed over the past decade, it has been treated mostly as a collection of isolated stovepipes. Visibility and response to faults has typically been limited to the particular hardware and software subsystems in which they are initially observed. Little fault information is shared across subsystems, allowing little flexibility or control on a system-wide basis, making it practically impossible to provide cohesive end-to-end fault tolerance in support of scientific applications. As an example, consider faults such as communication link failures that can be seen by a network library but are not directly visible to the job scheduler, or consider faults related to node failures that can be detected by system monitoring software but are not inherently visible to the resource manager. If information about such faults could be shared by the network libraries or monitoring software, then other system software, such as a resource manager or job scheduler, could ensure that failed nodes or failed network links were excluded from further job allocations and that further diagnosis could be performed. As a founding member and one of the lead developers of the Open MPI project, our efforts over the course of this project have been focused on making Open MPI more robust to failures by supporting various fault tolerance techniques, and using fault information exchange and coordination between MPI and the HPC system software stack?from the application, numeric libraries, and programming language runtime to other common system components such as jobs schedulers, resource managers, and monitoring tools.
Lumsdaine, Andrew
CiFTS : Coordinated Infrastructure for Fault Tolerant Systems
Demos Team News Contact Us Coordinated and Improved Fault Tolerance for High Performance Computing Systems In the next few years SciDAC applications will utilize exascale...
An agent-based model of the transition to a hydrogen transportation economy explores influences on adoption of hydrogen vehicles and fueling infrastructure. Attention is given to whether significant penetration occurs and, if so, to the length of time required for it to occur. Estimates are provided of sensitivity to numerical values of model parameters and to effects of alternative market and policy scenarios. The model is applied to the Los Angeles metropolitan area In the benchmark simulation, the prices of hydrogen and non-hydrogen vehicles are comparable. Due to fuel efficiency, hydrogen vehicles have a fuel savings advantage of 9.8 cents per mile over non-hydrogen vehicles. Hydrogen vehicles account for 60% of new vehicle sales in 20 years from the initial entry of hydrogen vehicles into show rooms, going on to 86% in 40 years and reaching still higher values after that. If the fuel savings is 20.7 cents per mile for a hydrogen vehicle, penetration reaches 86% of new car sales by the 20th year. If the fuel savings is 0.5 cents per mile, market penetration reaches only 10% by the 20th year. To turn to vehicle price difference, if a hydrogen vehicle costs $2,000 less than a non-hydrogen vehicle, new car sales penetration reaches 92% by the 20th year. If a hydrogen vehicle costs $6,500 more than a non-hydrogen vehicle, market penetration is only 6% by the 20th year. Results from other sensitivity runs are presented. Policies that could affect hydrogen vehicle adoption are investigated. A tax credit for the purchase of a hydrogen vehicle of $2,500 tax credit results in 88% penetration by the 20th year, as compared with 60% in the benchmark case. If the tax credit is $6,000, penetration is 99% by the 20th year. Under a more modest approach, the tax credit would be available only for the first 10 years. Hydrogen sales penetration then reach 69% of sales by the 20th year with the $2,500 credit and 79% with the $6,000 credit. A carbon tax of $38 per metric ton is not large enough to noticeably affect sales penetration. A tax of $116 per metric ton makes centrally produced hydrogen profitable in the very first year but results in only 64% penetration by year 20 as opposed to the 60% penetration in the benchmark case. Provision of 15 seed stations publicly provided at the beginning of the simulation, in addition to the 15 existing stations in the benchmark case, gives sales penetration rates very close to the benchmark after 20 years, namely, 63% and 59% depending on where they are placed.
Tolley, George S
Ris Energy Report 8 The intelligent energy system infrastructure for the future
Risø Energy Report 8 The intelligent energy system infrastructure for the future Risø-R-1695(EN) September 2009 Edited by Hans Larsen and Leif Sønderberg Petersen #12;Risø Energy Report 8 Edited by Hans Larsen and Leif Sønderberg Petersen, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Technical University
Risø Energy Report 8 The intelligent energy system infrastructure for the future Reprint Petersen #12;Risø Energy Report 5 Renewable energy for power and transport Global energy policy today is dominated by three concerns: security of supply, climate change, and energy for development and poverty
On-Chip Test Infrastructure Design for Optimal Multi-Site Testing of System Chips
On-Chip Test Infrastructure Design for Optimal Multi-Site Testing of System Chips Sandeep Kumar Goel Erik Jan Marinissen Philips Research Laboratories IC Design Digital Design & Test Prof.Jan.Marinissen¡ @philips.com Abstract Multi-site testing is a popular and effective way to increase test throughput
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Integration of infrastructure based positioning systems and inertial navigation for ubiquitous context-aware engineering applications
This paper presents research that investigated and implemented a hybrid integrated location tracking framework that was developed by integrating infrastructure based positioning systems and inertial navigation. The authors implemented this research by ... Keywords: Context-aware applications, Facilities management, Indoor tracking, Inertial navigation, Mobile computing, Ubiquitous tracking
Manu Akula; Suyang Dong; Vineet R. Kamat; Lauro Ojeda; Adam Borrell; Johann Borenstein
Networked Control Systems Group
... and deploys measurement science for sensor networks and control systems used in manufacturing, construction, and other cyber-physical systems ...
Attacks against process control systems: risk assessment, detection, and response
In the last years there has been an increasing interest in the security of process control and SCADA systems. Furthermore, recent computer attacks such as the Stuxnet worm, have shown there are parties with the motivation and resources to effectively ... Keywords: IDS, SCADA, control systems, critical infrastructure protection, cyber-physical systems, security
Alvaro A. C�rdenas; Saurabh Amin; Zong-Syun Lin; Yu-Lun Huang; Chi-Yen Huang; Shankar Sastry
Integration of a system for critical infrastructure protection with the OSSIM SIEM platform: a dam case study
In recent years the monitoring and control devices in charge of supervising the critical processes of Critical Infrastructures have been victims of cyber attacks. To face such threat, organizations providing critical services are increasingly focusing ... Keywords: OSSIM, SIEM, critical infrastructure protection, dam
Luigi Coppolino; Salvatore D'Antonio; Valerio Formicola; Luigi Romano
Intelligent Fluid Infrastructure for Embedded Networks
Intelligent Fluid Infrastructure for Embedded Networks Amanto develop a fluid infrastructure: mobile components arebuilt into the system infrastructure for enabling specific
Aman Kansal; Arun Somasundara; David Jea; Mani Srivastava; Deborah Estrin
Control system design method
A control system design method and concomitant control system comprising representing a physical apparatus to be controlled as a Hamiltonian system, determining elements of the Hamiltonian system representation which are power generators, power dissipators, and power storage devices, analyzing stability and performance of the Hamiltonian system based on the results of the determining step and determining necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of the Hamiltonian system, creating a stable control system based on the results of the analyzing step, and employing the resulting control system to control the physical apparatus.
Wilson, David G. (Tijeras, NM); Robinett, III, Rush D. (Tijeras, NM)
The Earth System Grid Federation: An open infrastructure for access to distributed geospatial data
The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is a multi-agency, international collaboration that aims at developing the software infrastructure needed to facilitate and empower the study of climate change on a global scale. The ESGF's architecture employs ... Keywords: Peer to peer computing,Meteorology,Protocols,Software,Security,Servers,Indexes,CMIP5,Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF),peer-to-peer (P2P),Node,security,search,discovery,climate science
Sandro Fiore, Zed Pobre, Roland Schweitzer, Gavin M. Bell, Galen Shipman, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, Daniel Crichton, Sebastian Denvil, Mark Morgan, Feiyi Wang, Neill Miller, Estanislao Gonzalez, Luca Cinquini, Chris Mattmann, John Harney
Control Systems Security Test Center - FY 2004 Program Summary
In May 2004, the US-CERT Control Systems Security Center (CSSC) was established at Idaho National Laboratory to execute assessment activities to reduce the vulnerability of the nation�s critical infrastructure control systems to terrorist attack. The CSSC implements a program to accomplish the five goals presented in the US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security. This report summarizes the first year funding of startup activities and program achievements that took place in FY 2004 and early FY 2005. This document was prepared for the US-CERT Control Systems Security Center of the National Cyber Security Division of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS has been tasked under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to coordinate the overall national effort to enhance the protection of the national critical infrastructure. Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-7 directs federal departments to identify and prioritize the critical infrastructure and protect it from terrorist attack. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security was prepared by the National Cyber Security Division to address the control system security component addressed in the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace and the National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security identified five high-level strategic goals for improving cyber security of control systems.
Robert E. Polk; Alen M. Snyder
Ideal based cyber security technical metrics for control systems
Much of the world's critical infrastructure is at risk from attack through electronic networks connected to control systems. Security metrics are important because they provide the basis for management decisions that affect the protection of the ... Keywords: control system security, cyber security metrics
Wayne Boyer; Miles McQueen
Lighting Control Systems
The demand for lighting control systems in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities is on the rise with the demand for increased energy savings. With lighting accounting for almost 23% of grid load, there is significant opportunity to reduce lighting load while improving the quality of light for customers. Lighting control systems are becoming more intelligent as the need for them to interface with building control systems and demand response systems also increases. Lighting control systems use...
Final Technical Report: Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project
This report summarizes the work conducted under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-FC36-04GO14285 by Mercedes-Benz & Research Development, North America (MBRDNA), Chrysler, Daimler, Mercedes Benz USA (MBUSA), BP, DTE Energy and NextEnergy to validate fuel cell technologies for infrastructure, transportation as well as assess technology and commercial readiness for the market. The Mercedes Team, together with its partners, tested the technology by operating and fueling hydrogen fuel cell vehicles under real world conditions in varying climate, terrain and driving conditions. Vehicle and infrastructure data was collected to monitor the progress toward the hydrogen vehicle and infrastructure performance targets of $2.00 to 3.00/gge hydrogen production cost and 2,000-hour fuel cell durability. Finally, to prepare the public for a hydrogen economy, outreach activities were designed to promote awareness and acceptance of hydrogen technology. DTE, BP and NextEnergy established hydrogen filling stations using multiple technologies for on-site hydrogen generation, storage and dispensing. DTE established a hydrogen station in Southfield, Michigan while NextEnergy and BP worked together to construct one hydrogen station in Detroit. BP constructed another fueling station in Burbank, California and provided a full-time hydrogen trailer at San Francisco, California and a hydrogen station located at Los Angeles International Airport in Southern, California. Stations were operated between 2005 and 2011. The Team deployed 30 Gen I Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) in the beginning of the project. While 28 Gen I F-CELLs used the A-Class platform, the remaining 2 were Sprinter delivery vans. Fuel cell vehicles were operated by external customers for real-world operations in various regions (ecosystems) to capture various driving patterns and climate conditions (hot, moderate and cold). External operators consisted of F-CELL partner organizations in California and Michigan ranging from governmental organizations, for-profit to and non-profit entities. All vehicles were equipped with a data acquisition system that automatically collected statistically relevant data for submission to National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which monitored the progress of the fuel cell vehicles against the DOE technology validation milestones. The Mercedes Team also provided data from Gen-II vehicles under the similar operations as Gen I vehicles to compare technology maturity during program duration.
Ronald Grasman
GAO Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems (March 2004) |
GAO Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems (March 2004) GAO Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems (March 2004) GAO Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems (March 2004) Computerized control systems perform vital functions across many of our nation's critical infrastructures. For example, in natural gas distribution, they can monitor and control the pressure and flow of gas through pipelines. In October 1997, the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection emphasized the increasing vulnerability of control systems to cyber attacks. The House Committee on Government Reform and its Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and the Census asked GAO to report on potential cyber vulnerabilities, focusing on (1) significant cybersecurity risks associated with control systems (2) potential and reported cyber attacks
Reference Model for Control and Automation Systems in Electrical Power |
Model for Control and Automation Systems in Electrical Model for Control and Automation Systems in Electrical Power Reference Model for Control and Automation Systems in Electrical Power Modern infrastructure automation systems are threatened by cyber attack. Their higher visibility in recent years and the increasing use of modern information technology (IT) components contribute to increased security risk. A means of analyzing these infrastructure automation systems is needed to help understand and study the many system relationships that affect the overall security of the system. Modeling these systems is a very cost effective means of addressing the problem of security from an overall system view. The model presented in the document below provides a structured, cost effective approach to address technical security in process control systems
Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the future, Beijing, September 2002 AN INITIAL COMPLEX SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE RISKS OF
to fall off exponentially (as, for example, in a Weibull distribution). However, analyses of the NERC data-1 100 101 102 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 U.S. grid data 382-node Network Probabiltydistribution Load shed USA Introduction Electric power transmission systems are a key infrastructure and blackouts
To appeared in "Securing Transportation Systems, Protecting Critical Infrastructures Series (Book)", 2012 On the Rationality and Optimality of Transportation
To appeared in "Securing Transportation Systems, Protecting Critical Infrastructures Series (Book)", 2012 On the Rationality and Optimality of Transportation Networks Defense -- a Network Centrality Eng., Ben-Gurion University {puzis,firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Transportation Research Institute, Technion
Infrastructural Optimism
means envisioning a new mobility network that incorporatesproposed plans for new public mobility infrastructure. Among2 For them, New Orleans� damaged mobility infrastructure was
Samuels, Linda C.
Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis
Infrastructure Infrastructure Analysis Margo Melendez & Keith Parks January 26, 2006 Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis (GIA) Utilizes GIS, geographically segregated data, and transition expertise to add the spatial component to infrastructure analysis NREL Core Competencies * Geographic data, tools, and expertise * Flexibility to address a wide array of transition issues NREL Capability Diagram Geographically-based Infrastructure Analysis GIS Transportation Technologies & Systems Electric & Hydrogen Technologies Energy Analysis Office GIA Activities Previous and Ongoing * HYDS ME - Evaluates best infrastructure options * Interstate Infrastructure Analysis - Minimal infrastructure to facilitate interstate travel during transition New Analyses * Quantifying transitional hydrogen demand
Control Systems Cyber Security Standards Support Activities
The Department of Homeland Security�s Control Systems Security Program (CSSP) is working with industry to secure critical infrastructure sectors from cyber intrusions that could compromise control systems. This document describes CSSP�s current activities with industry organizations in developing cyber security standards for control systems. In addition, it summarizes the standards work being conducted by organizations within the sector and provides a brief listing of sector meetings and conferences that might be of interest for each sector. Control systems cyber security standards are part of a rapidly changing environment. The participation of CSSP in the development effort for these standards has provided consistency in the technical content of the standards while ensuring that information developed by CSSP is included.
Robert Evans
Instrumentation, Control, and Intelligent Systems
Abundant and affordable energy is required for U.S. economic stability and national security. Advanced nuclear power plants offer the best near-term potential to generate abundant, affordable, and sustainable electricity and hydrogen without appreciable generation of greenhouse gases. To that end, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been charged with leading the revitalization of nuclear power in the U.S. The INL vision is to become the preeminent nuclear energy laboratory with synergistic, world-class, multi-program capabilities and partnerships by 2015. The vision focuses on four essential destinations: (1) Be the preeminent internationally-recognized nuclear energy research, development, and demonstration laboratory; (2) Be a major center for national security technology development and demonstration; (3) Be a multi-program national laboratory with world-class capabilities; (4) Foster academic, industry, government, and international collaborations to produce the needed investment, programs, and expertise. Crucial to that effort is the inclusion of research in advanced instrumentation, control, and intelligent systems (ICIS) for use in current and advanced power and energy security systems to enable increased performance, reliability, security, and safety. For nuclear energy plants, ICIS will extend the lifetime of power plant systems, increase performance and power output, and ensure reliable operation within the system's safety margin; for national security applications, ICIS will enable increased protection of our nation's critical infrastructure. In general, ICIS will cost-effectively increase performance for all energy security systems.
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Recommended Practice for Securing Control System Modems
This paper addresses an often overlooked �backdoor� into critical infrastructure control systems created by modem connections. A modem�s connection to the public telephone system is similar to a corporate network connection to the Internet. By tracing typical attack paths into the system, this paper provides the reader with an analysis of the problem and then guides the reader through methods to evaluate existing modem security. Following the analysis, a series of methods for securing modems is provided. These methods are correlated to well-known networking security methods.
James R. Davidson; Jason L. Wright
Using Building Control System for Commissioning
This paper summarizes the different approaches developed during Annex 40 (research project of International Energy Agency - Energy Conservation in Buildings & Community Systems ) for carrying out commissioning activities using the control system. During our work we have found that control systems in buildings have the potential to greatly improve the commissioning process. In particular, control systems can be used to carry out automated testing on the energy systems in a building in a systematic way. Technologies for carrying out automated commissioning are still in their infancy and very few tools are available for practitioners to use. However, our work has demonstrated that tools can be built using existing infrastructure at relatively low cost. In many cases, tools are software programs that can be implemented on most microprocessor-based platforms.
Vaezi-Nejad, H.; Salsbury, T.; Choiniere, D.
Polymers for hydrogen infrastructure and vehicle fuel systems : applications, properties, and gap analysis.
This document addresses polymer materials for use in hydrogen service. Section 1 summarizes the applications of polymers in hydrogen infrastructure and vehicle fuel systems and identifies polymers used in these applications. Section 2 reviews the properties of polymer materials exposed to hydrogen and/or high-pressure environments, using information obtained from published, peer-reviewed literature. The effect of high pressure on physical and mechanical properties of polymers is emphasized in this section along with a summary of hydrogen transport through polymers. Section 3 identifies areas in which fuller characterization is needed in order to assess material suitability for hydrogen service.
Barth, Rachel Reina; Simmons, Kevin L. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA] [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; San Marchi, Christopher W.
ICME: Informatics and Infrastructure
Oct 18, 2010... interfaces and data management systems that can be read by computers are important to enable a cyber infrastructure, their use in materials�...
Stepping Motor Control System
This paper describes a hardware system designed to facilitate position and velocity control of a group of eight stepping motors using a PDP-11. The system includes motor driver cards and other interface cards in addition ...
Larson, Noble G.
Development of a structural health monitoring system for the life assessment of critical transportation infrastructure.
Recent structural failures such as the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minnesota have underscored the urgent need for improved methods and procedures for evaluating our aging transportation infrastructure. This research seeks to develop a basis for a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system to provide quantitative information related to the structural integrity of metallic structures to make appropriate management decisions and ensuring public safety. This research employs advanced structural analysis and nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for an accurate fatigue analysis. Metal railroad bridges in New Mexico will be the focus since many of these structures are over 100 years old and classified as fracture-critical. The term fracture-critical indicates that failure of a single component may result in complete collapse of the structure such as the one experienced by the I-35W Bridge. Failure may originate from sources such as loss of section due to corrosion or cracking caused by fatigue loading. Because standard inspection practice is primarily visual, these types of defects can go undetected due to oversight, lack of access to critical areas, or, in riveted members, hidden defects that are beneath fasteners or connection angles. Another issue is that it is difficult to determine the fatigue damage that a structure has experienced and the rate at which damage is accumulating due to uncertain history and load distribution in supporting members. A SHM system has several advantages that can overcome these limitations. SHM allows critical areas of the structure to be monitored more quantitatively under actual loading. The research needed to apply SHM to metallic structures was performed and a case study was carried out to show the potential of SHM-driven fatigue evaluation to assess the condition of critical transportation infrastructure and to guide inspectors to potential problem areas. This project combines the expertise in transportation infrastructure at New Mexico State University with the expertise at Sandia National Laboratories in the emerging field of SHM.
Roach, Dennis Patrick; Jauregui, David Villegas (New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM); Daumueller, Andrew Nicholas (New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM)
The Earth System Grid Federation: An Open Infrastructure for Access to Distributed Geospatial Data
The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is a multi-agency, international collaboration that aims at developing the software infrastructure needed to facilitate and empower the study of climate change on a global scale. The ESGF s architecture employs a system of geographically distributed peer nodes, which are independently administered yet united by the adoption of common federation protocols and application programming interfaces (APIs). The cornerstones of its interoperability are the peer-to-peer messaging that is continuously exchanged among all nodes in the federation; a shared architecture and API for search and discovery; and a security infrastructure based on industry standards (OpenID, SSL, GSI and SAML). The ESGF software is developed collaboratively across institutional boundaries and made available to the community as open source. It has now been adopted by multiple Earth science projects and allows access to petabytes of geophysical data, including the entire model output used for the next international assessment report on climate change (IPCC-AR5) and a suite of satellite observations (obs4MIPs) and reanalysis data sets (ANA4MIPs).
Ananthakrishnan, Rachana [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Bell, Gavin [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Cinquini, Luca [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Crichton, Daniel [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Danvil, Sebastian [Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Des Sciences de L'Environnement; Drach, Bob [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Fiore, Sandro [Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change; Gonzalez, Estanislao [German Climate Computing Center; Harney, John F [ORNL; Mattmann, Chris [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Kershaw, Philip [STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, NCAS/BADC; Miller, Neill [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Morgan, Mark [Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Des Sciences de L'Environnement; Pascoe, Stephen [STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, NCAS/BADC; Schweitzer, Roland [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Shipman, Galen M [ORNL; Wang, Feiyi [ORNL
The Earth System Grid Federation: An Open Infrastructure for Access to Distributed Geo-Spatial Data
Cinquini, Luca [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Crichton, Daniel [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Miller, Neill [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Mattmann, Chris [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Harney, John F [ORNL; Shipman, Galen M [ORNL; Wang, Feiyi [ORNL; Bell, Gavin [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Drach, Bob [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Ananthakrishnan, Rachana [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Pascoe, Stephen [STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, NCAS/BADC; Kershaw, Philip [STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, NCAS/BADC; Gonzalez, Estanislao [German Climate Computing Center; Fiore, Sandro [Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change; Schweitzer, Roland [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Danvil, Sebastian [Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Des Sciences de L'Environnement; Morgan, Mark [Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Des Sciences de L'Environnement
Development of Analytical and Computational Methods for the Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System: EPRI/DoD Complex I nteractive Networks/Systems Initiative: Second Annual Report
This report details the second-year research accomplishments for one of six research consortia established under the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative. This particular document discusses analytical and computational methods for the Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System.
Closing the Gap in Control System Implementations
Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Continuous-Time Linear Control Systems . . . . .Discrete-Time Linear Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . .
Saha, Indranil
Control systems under attack?
The enormous growth of the Internet during the last decade offers new means to share and distribute both information and data. In Industry, this results in a rapprochement of the production facilities, i.e. their Process Control and Automation Systems, and the data warehouses. At CERN, the Internet opens the possibility to monitor and even control (parts of) the LHC and its four experiments remotely from anywhere in the world. However, the adoption of standard IT technologies to Distributed Process Control and Automation Systems exposes inherent vulnerabilities to the world. The Teststand On Control System Security at CERN (TOCSSiC) is dedicated to explore the vulnerabilities of arbitrary Commercial-Of-The-Shelf hardware devices connected to standard Ethernet. As such, TOCSSiC should discover their vulnerabilities, point out areas of lack of security, and address areas of improvement which can then be confidentially communicated to manufacturers. This paper points out risks of accessing the Control and Automa...
L�ders, Stefan
Cyber Incidents Involving Control Systems
The Analysis Function of the US-CERT Control Systems Security Center (CSSC) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has prepared this report to document cyber security incidents for use by the CSSC. The description and analysis of incidents reported herein support three CSSC tasks: establishing a business case; increasing security awareness and private and corporate participation related to enhanced cyber security of control systems; and providing informational material to support model development and prioritize activities for CSSC. The stated mission of CSSC is to reduce vulnerability of critical infrastructure to cyber attack on control systems. As stated in the Incident Management Tool Requirements (August 2005) ''Vulnerability reduction is promoted by risk analysis that tracks actual risk, emphasizes high risk, determines risk reduction as a function of countermeasures, tracks increase of risk due to external influence, and measures success of the vulnerability reduction program''. Process control and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, with their reliance on proprietary networks and hardware, have long been considered immune to the network attacks that have wreaked so much havoc on corporate information systems. New research indicates this confidence is misplaced--the move to open standards such as Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, and Web technologies is allowing hackers to take advantage of the control industry's unawareness. Much of the available information about cyber incidents represents a characterization as opposed to an analysis of events. The lack of good analyses reflects an overall weakness in reporting requirements as well as the fact that to date there have been very few serious cyber attacks on control systems. Most companies prefer not to share cyber attack incident data because of potential financial repercussions. Uniform reporting requirements will do much to make this information available to Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and others who require it. This report summarizes the rise in frequency of cyber attacks, describes the perpetrators, and identifies the means of attack. This type of analysis, when used in conjunction with vulnerability analyses, can be used to support a proactive approach to prevent cyber attacks. CSSC will use this document to evolve a standardized approach to incident reporting and analysis. This document will be updated as needed to record additional event analyses and insights regarding incident reporting. This report represents 120 cyber security incidents documented in a number of sources, including: the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) Industrial Security Incident Database, the 2003 CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey, the KEMA, Inc., Database, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the Energy Incident Database, the INL Cyber Incident Database, and other open-source data. The National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) database was also interrogated but, interestingly, failed to yield any cyber attack incidents. The results of this evaluation indicate that historical evidence provides insight into control system related incidents or failures; however, that the limited available information provides little support to future risk estimates. The documented case history shows that activity has increased significantly since 1988. The majority of incidents come from the Internet by way of opportunistic viruses, Trojans, and worms, but a surprisingly large number are directed acts of sabotage. A substantial number of confirmed, unconfirmed, and potential events that directly or potentially impact control systems worldwide are also identified. Twelve selected cyber incidents are presented at the end of this report as examples of the documented case studies (see Appendix B).
Robert J. Turk
Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems - 2011 |
Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems - 2011 Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems - 2011 Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems - 2011 Cybersecurity for energy delivery systems has emerged as one of the Nation's most serious grid modernization and infrastructure protection issues. Cyber adversaries are becoming increasingly targeted, sophisticated, and better financed. The energy sector must research, develop and deploy new cybersecurity capabilities faster than the adversary can launch new attack tools and techniques. The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (DOE/OE) National Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Test Bed (NSTB) program is to enhance the reliability and resiliency of the Nation's energy infrastructure by reducing the risk
A control system is described for a nuclear reactor using enriched uranium fuel of the type of the swimming pool and other heterogeneous nuclear reactors. Circuits are included for automatically removing and inserting the control rods during the course of normal operation. Appropriate safety circuits close down the nuclear reactor in the event of emergency.
Epler, E.P.; Hanauer, S.H.; Oakes, L.C.
The Epicure Control System
The Epicure Control System supports the Fermilab fixed target physics program. The system is distributed across a network of many different types of components. The use of multiple layers on interfaces for communication between logical tasks fits the client-server model. Physical devices are read and controlled using symbolic references entered into a database with an editor utility. The database system consists of a central portion containing all device information and optimized portions distributed among many nodes. Updates to the database are available throughout the system within minutes after being requested.
Dambik, E.; Kline, D.; West, R.
Lighting Group: Controls: Systems Integration
Systems Integration Building Control Systems Integration Objective This research project investigates how diverse building control systems can be integrated to provide seamless...
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for the PS accelerator infrastructure
Neural daylight control system
The paper describes the design, the implementation of a neural controller used in an automatic daylight control system. The automatic lighting control system (ALCS) attempt to maintain constant the illuminance at the desired level on working plane even if the daylight contribution is variable. Therefore, the daylight will represent the perturbation signal for the ALCS. The mathematical model of process is unknown. The applied structure of control need the inverse model of process. For this purpose it was used other artificial neural network (ANN) which identify the inverse model of process in an on-line manner. In fact, this ANN identify the inverse model of process + the perturbation signal. In this way the learning signal for neural controller has a better accuracy for the present application.
Grif, Horatiu Stefan
System Dynamics: HyDIVE(TM) (Hydrogen Dynamic Infrastructure and Vehicle Evolution) Model (Presentation)
This presentation by Cory Welch at the 2007 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review Meeting focuses on Hydrogen Dynamic Infrastructure and Vehicle Evolution Model.
Welch, C.
Cyber Security Testing and Training Programs for Industrial Control Systems
Service providers rely on industrial control systems (ICS) to manage the flow of water at dams, open breakers on power grids, control ventilation and cooling in nuclear power plants, and more. In today's interconnected environment, this can present a serious cyber security challenge. To combat this growing challenge, government, private industry, and academia are working together to reduce cyber risks. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a key contributor to the Department of Energy National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Control Systems Security Program (CSSP), both of which focus on improving the overall security posture of ICS in the national critical infrastructure. In support of the NSTB, INL hosts a dedicated SCADA testing facility which consists of multiple control systems supplied by leading national and international manufacturers. Within the test bed, INL researchers systematically examine control system components and work to identify vulnerabilities. In support of the CSSP, INL develops and conducts training courses which are designed to increase awareness and defensive capabilities for IT/Control System professionals. These trainings vary from web-based cyber security trainings for control systems engineers to more advanced hands-on training that culminates with a Red Team/ Blue Team exercise that is conducted within an actual control systems environment. INL also provides staffing and operational support to the DHS Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) Security Operations Center which responds to and analyzes control systems cyber incidents across the 18 US critical infrastructure sectors.
Daniel Noyes
Strong Analytic Controllability for Hydrogen Control Systems
The realization and representation of so(4,2) associated with the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian are derived. By choosing operators from the realization of so(4,2) as interacting Hamiltonians, a hydrogen atom control system is constructed, and it is proved that this control system is strongly analytically controllable based on a time-dependent strong analytic controllability theorem.
Chunhua Lan; Tzyh-Jong Tarn; Quo-Shin Chi; John W. Clark
Control systems for automatic positioning of an electric motor operated vapor valve are described which is operable under the severe conditions existing in apparatus for electro-magnetlcally separating isotopes. In general, the system includes a rotor for turning the valve comprising two colls mounted mutually perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the magnetic field of the isotope separating apparatus. The coils are furnished with both a-c and d- c current by assoclate control circuitry and a position control is provided for varying the ratlo of the a-c currents in the coils and at the same time, but in an inverse manner, the ratio between the d-c currents in the coils is varied. With the present system the magnitude of the motor torque is constant for all valves of the rotor orientatlon angle.
MacNeille, S.M.
Geographically Based Infrastructure Margo Melendez & Keith Parks
Diagram Geographically-based Infrastructure Analysis GIS Transportation Technologies & Systems Electric resulting H2 demand and changing demand Estimate infrastructure needs and usage Predict transition
Optimal Maintenance for Modern Protection and Control Systems
Many blackouts have protection system misoperation as a root cause. A maintenance program for a protection and control (P&C) system is a critical and required task for the reliability of power system operation. Although today�s digital technologies have revolutionarily changed the P&C infrastructure, its maintenance approaches and methodologies remain largely unchanged from the electromechanical protection era. The enabling technologies available today can provide utilities more ...
Designing Secure SCADA Systems Using Security Patterns
Critical infrastructure systems are those systems that support our daily lives and their protection is fundamental. The key component of a critical infrastructure system is the process control system, also known as the supervisory, control, and data ...
Eduardo B. Fernandez; Maria M. Larrondo-Petrie
Controller synthesis for networked control systems
This paper presents a discrete-time model for networked control systems (NCSs) that incorporates all network phenomena: time-varying sampling intervals, packet dropouts and time-varying delays that may be both smaller and larger than the sampling interval. ... Keywords: Linear matrix inequalities, Networked control systems, Sampled-data control, Stability analysis, Time-varying delay
M. B. G. Cloosterman; L. Hetel; N. van de Wouw; W. P. M. H. Heemels; J. Daafouz; H. Nijmeijer
Electric turbocompound control system
Turbocompound systems can be used to affect engine operation using the energy in exhaust gas that is driving the available turbocharger. A first electrical device acts as a generator in response to turbocharger rotation. A second electrical device acts as a motor to put mechanical power into the engine, typically at the crankshaft. Apparatus, systems, steps, and methods are described to control the generator and motor operations to control the amount of power being recovered. This can control engine operation closer to desirable parameters for given engine-related operating conditions compared to actual. The electrical devices can also operate in "reverse," going between motor and generator functions. This permits the electrical device associated with the crankshaft to drive the electrical device associated with the turbocharger as a motor, overcoming deficient engine operating conditions such as associated with turbocharger lag.
Algrain, Marcelo C. (Dunlap, IL)
Built Infrastructure
Built Infrastructure Print E-mail Climate change and its associated impacts, including thawing permafrost, changing sea-levels, rising temperatures, shifts in species distribution...
Infrastructure as Landscape [Infrastructure as Landscape, Landscape as Infrastructure
for appropriating infrastructure as landscape offersPress, 1991). PLACES10:3 STRANG: INFRASTRUCTURE AS LANDSCAPEInfrastr Infrastructure and Landscape In 1964, cultural
Strang, Gary L
Systems Engineering For High Performance Computing Software: The Hdda/dagh Infrastructure For Implementation Of Parallel Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement
. This paper defines, describes and illustrates a systems engineering process for development of software systems implementing high performance computing applications. The example which drives the creation of this process is development of a flexible and extendible program development infrastructure for parallel structured adaptive meshes, the HDDA/DAGH package. The fundamental systems engineering principles used (hierarchical abstractions based on separation of concerns) are well-known but are not commonly applied in the context of high performance computing software. Application of these principles will be seen to enable implementation of an infrastructure which combines breadth of applicability and portability with high performance. Key words. Software systems engineering, Structured adaptive mesh-refinement, High performance software development, Distributed dynamic data-structures. 1. Overview. This paper describes the systems engineering process which was followed in the develop...
Manish Parashar; James; C. Browne
Incoherent Control of Locally Controllable Quantum Systems
An incoherent control scheme for state control of locally controllable quantum systems is proposed. This scheme includes three steps: (1) amplitude amplification of the initial state by a suitable unitary transformation, (2) projective measurement on the amplified state, and (3) final optimization by a unitary controlled transformation. The first step increases the amplitudes of some desired eigenstates and the corresponding probability of observing these eigenstates, the second step projects, with high probability, the amplified state into a desired eigenstate, and the last step steers this eigenstate into the target state. Within this scheme, two control algorithms are presented for two classes of quantum systems. As an example, the incoherent control scheme is applied to the control of a hydrogen atom by an external field. The results support the suggestion that projective measurements can serve as an effective control and local controllability information can be used to design control laws for quantum systems. Thus, this scheme establishes a subtle connection between control design and controllability analysis of quantum systems and provides an effective engineering approach for controlling quantum systems with partial controllability information.
Daoyi Dong; Chenbin Zhang; Herschel Rabitz; Alexander Pechen; Tzyh-Jong Tarn
Virtual Enterprise Modeling and Support Infrastructures: Applying Multi-agent System Approaches
Virtual enterprises paradigm represents an important application field for multi-agent approaches, both in terms of modeling and infrastructure development This article summarizes the main challenges in this field and describes several current Multi-Agent ...
Luis M. Camarinha-Matos; Hamideh Afsarmanesh
Flexible design : an innovative approach for planning water infrastructure systems under uncertainty
This thesis develops a framework for a flexible design approach to support decision-making in water supply infrastructure planning. It contrasts with a conventional, deterministic planning approach that uses past data or ...
Wong, Melanie Kathleen
Mitigations for Security Vulnerabilities Found in Control System Networks |
Mitigations for Security Vulnerabilities Found in Control System Mitigations for Security Vulnerabilities Found in Control System Networks Mitigations for Security Vulnerabilities Found in Control System Networks Industry is aware of the need for Control System (CS) security, but in on-site assessments, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has observed that security procedures and devices are not consistently and effectively implemented. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), National Cyber Security Division (NCSD), established the Control Systems Security Center (CSSC) at INL to help industry and government improve the security of the CSs used in the nation's critical infrastructures. One of the main CSSC objectives is to identify control system vulnerabilities and develop effective mitigations for them. This paper discusses common problems and vulnerabilities seen in
Critical infrastructure protection decision support system decision model : overview and quick-start user's guide.
The Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support System Decision Model (CIPDSS-DM) is a useful tool for comparing the effectiveness of alternative risk-mitigation strategies on the basis of CIPDSS consequence scenarios. The model is designed to assist analysts and policy makers in evaluating and selecting the most effective risk-mitigation strategies, as affected by the importance assigned to various impact measures and the likelihood of an incident. A typical CIPDSS-DM decision map plots the relative preference of alternative risk-mitigation options versus the annual probability of an undesired incident occurring once during the protective life of the investment, assumed to be 20 years. The model also enables other types of comparisons, including a decision map that isolates a selected impact variable and displays the relative preference for the options of interest--parameterized on the basis of the contribution of the isolated variable to total impact, as well as the likelihood of the incident. Satisfaction/regret analysis further assists the analyst or policy maker in evaluating the confidence with which one option can be selected over another.
Samsa, M.; Van Kuiken, J.; Jusko, M.; Decision and Information Sciences
Comparison of Routable Control System Security Approaches
This document is an supplement to the 'Secure and Efficient Routable Control Systems.' It addressed security in routable control system communication. The control system environment that monitors and manages the power grid historically has utilized serial communication mechanisms. Leased-line serial communication environments operating at 1200 to 9600 baud rates are common. However, recent trends show that communication media such as fiber, optical carrier 3 (OC-3) speeds, mesh-based high-speed wireless, and the Internet are becoming the media of choice. In addition, a dichotomy has developed between the electrical transmission and distribution environments, with more modern communication infrastructures deployed by transmission utilities. The preceding diagram represents a typical control system. The Communication Links cloud supports all of the communication mechanisms a utility might deploy between the control center and devices in the field. Current methodologies used for security implementations are primarily led by single vendors or standards bodies. However, these entities tend to focus on individual protocols. The result is an environment that contains a mixture of security solutions that may only address some communication protocols at an increasing operational burden for the utility. A single approach is needed that meets operational requirements, is simple to operate, and provides the necessary level of security for all control system communication. The solution should be application independent (e.g., Distributed Network Protocol/Internet Protocol [DNP/IP], International Electrotechnical Commission [IEC] C37.118, Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control [OPC], etc.) and focus on the transport layer. In an ideal setting, a well-designed suite of standards for control system communication will be used for vendor implementation and compliance testing. An expected outcome of this effort is an international standard.
Edgar, Thomas W.; Hadley, Mark D.; Carroll, Thomas E.; Manz, David O.; Winn, Jennifer D.
Optimal control for biological movement systems
of hierarchical control system (results obtained afterthe greatest discovery in control and systems theory of theloop Control System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Li, Weiwei
On Cyber Security for Networked Control Systems
on control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2control system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Stabilization of Networked Control Systems using 8.1
Amin, Saurabh
Recommended Practice for Securing Control System Modems | Department of
Practice for Securing Control System Modems Practice for Securing Control System Modems Recommended Practice for Securing Control System Modems This paper addresses an often overlooked "backdoor" into critical infrastructure control systems created by modem connections. A modem's connection to the public telephone system is similar to a corporate network connection to the Internet. By tracing typical attack paths into the system, this paper provides the reader with an analysis of the problem and then guides the reader through methods to evaluate existing modem security. Following the analysis, a series of methods for securing modems is provided. These methods are correlated to well-known networking security methods. Recommended Practice for Securing Control System Modems More Documents & Publications
Conceptual Design of a Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System: EPRI/DoD Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiativ e; First Annual Report
This report describes research sponsored by EPRI and the Department of Defense for the Initiative on Complex Interactive Networks / Systems. Through this initiative, the Advanced Power Technologies (APT) Consortium has developed a conceptual design of the Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) system. This first annual report from the APT Consortium describes hidden failures and how they contribute to catastrophic failures of bulk power systems.
Joint optimisation for power control, scheduling and routing algorithms in the infrastructure wireless mesh network
The performance optimisation model for the IEEE 802.16 standard based wireless mesh network is presented and a joint optimisation method is proposed as the sub-optimal solution strategy, in which the power control, scheduling and routing algorithms ... Keywords: IEEE 80216, WMN, network throughput, performance optimisation, power control, routing, scheduling, simulation, wireless mesh networks, wireless networks
Mugen Peng; Yingjie Wang; Kun Wang; Wenbo Wang
Crawling the Control System
Information about accelerator operations and the control system resides in various formats in a variety of places on the lab network. There are operating procedures, technical notes, engineering drawings, and other formal controlled documents. There are programmer references and API documentation generated by tools such as doxygen and javadoc. There are the thousands of electronic records generated by and stored in databases and applications such as electronic logbooks, training materials, wikis, and bulletin boards and the contents of text-based configuration files and log files that can also be valuable sources of information. The obvious way to aggregate all these sources is to index them with a search engine that users can then query from a web browser. Toward this end, the Google "mini" search appliance was selected and implemented because of its low cost and its simple web-based configuration and management. In addition to crawling and indexing electronic documents, the appliance provides an API that has been used to supplement search results with live control system data such as current values of EPICS process variables and graphs of recent data from the archiver.
Theodore Larrieu
Process Control Systems in the Chemical Industry: Safety vs. Security
Traditionally, the primary focus of the chemical industry has been safety and productivity. However, recent threats to our nation�s critical infrastructure have prompted a tightening of security measures across many different industry sectors. Reducing vulnerabilities of control systems against physical and cyber attack is necessary to ensure the safety, security and effective functioning of these systems. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has developed a strategy to secure these vulnerabilities. Crucial to this strategy is the Control Systems Security and Test Center (CSSTC) established to test and analyze control systems equipment. In addition, the CSSTC promotes a proactive, collaborative approach to increase industry's awareness of standards, products and processes that can enhance the security of control systems. This paper outlines measures that can be taken to enhance the cybersecurity of process control systems in the chemical sector.
Jeffrey Hahn; Thomas Anderson
Optimal Control of Distillation Systems
The optimum performance of a distillation system can be evaluated by examining the product purities, the product recoveries, and the system's capability to respond to small or large, expected or unexpected, plant disturbances. An optimal control system should include accurate instrumentation, closed loop purity control, and a computer system to execute direct digital control with appropriate feed-forward algorithms.
Chatterjee, N.; Suchdeo, S. R.
Towards the protection of industrial control systems: conclusions of a vulnerability analysis of profinet IO
The trend of introducing common information and communication technologies into automation control systems induces besides many benefits new security risks to industrial plants and critical infrastructures. The increasing use of Internet protocols in ... Keywords: anomaly detection, industrial control systems, intrusion detection, profinet IO attacks, profinet IO vulnerabilities
Andreas Paul, Franka Schuster, Hartmut K�nig
Development & expansion of an industrial control system security laboratory and an international research collaboration
In this paper, we describe the incremental building of a unique industrial control system laboratory designed to investigate security vulnerabilities and to support development of mitigating tools and techniques. The laboratory has been built over time ... Keywords: SCADA, critical infrastructure security, industrial control systems, test bed
Rayford B. Vaughn; Thomas Morris; Elena Sitnikova
Social infrastructure
Current urbanization patterns and aging transportation infrastructures have marginalized millions of US citizens. The result is that 4 .5 million US residents live within 100 meters of a four-lane highway' and have become ...
Kurlbaum, Ryan E. (Ryan Edward)
In 1999 an integrated biological control system was instituted at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Successes and changes to the program needed to be communicated to a large and diverse mix of organizations and individuals. Efforts at communication are directed toward the following: Hanford Contractors (Liquid or Tank Waste, Solid Waste, Environmental Restoration, Science and Technology, Site Infrastructure), General Hanford Employees, and Hanford Advisory Board (Native American Tribes, Environmental Groups, Local Citizens, Washington State and Oregon State regulatory agencies). Communication was done through direct interface meetings, individual communication, where appropriate, and broadly sharing program reports. The objectives of the communication efforts was to have the program well coordinated with Hanford contractors, and to have the program understood well enough that all stakeholders would have confidence in the work performed by the program to reduce or elimated spread of radioactive contamination by biotic vectors. Communication of successes and changes to an integrated biological control system instituted in 1999 at the Department of Energy's Hanford Site have required regular interfaces with not only a diverse group of Hanford contractors (i.e., those responsible for liquid or tank waste, solid wastes, environmental restoration, science and technology, and site infrastructure), and general Hanford employees, but also with a consortium of designated stake holders organized as the Hanford Advisory Board (i.e., Native American tribes, various environmental groups, local citizens, Washington state and Oregon regulatory agencies, etc.). Direct interface meetings, individual communication where appropriate, and transparency of the biological control program were the methods and outcome of this effort.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Split and Aggregated Transmission Control Protocol for Smart Metering Infrastructure.
??Utility companies (electricity, gas, and water suppliers), governments, and researchers recognize an urgent need to deploy communication-based systems to automate data collection from smart meters� (more)
Khalifa, Tarek
Blue Gene/L compute chip: control, test, and bring-up infrastructure
The Blue Gene�/L compute (BLC) and Blue Gene/L link (BLL) chips have extensive facilities for control, bring-up, self-test, debug, and nonintrusive performance monitoring built on a serial interface compliant with IEEE Standard 1149.1. Both the ...
R. A. Haring; R. Bellofatto; A. A. Bright; P. G. Crumley; M. B. Dombrowa; S. M. Douskey; M. R. Ellavsky; B. Gopalsamy; D. Hoenicke; T. A. Liebsch; J. A. Marcella; M. Ohmacht
ARCS � Access Rate Control System
protected steel housing. ... Access Rate Control System This rugged, maintenance- ... Y-12 is seeking an industry partner to fully com-
Exercise Control System Press Release
MEL Transfers its Web-Based Emergency Response Exercise Control System. During FY05-FY07 the MEL staff worked ...
NSLS control system upgrade status
The NSLS control system initially installed in 1978 has undergone several modifications but the basic system architecture remained relatively unchanged. The need for faster response, increased reliability and better diagnostics made the control system upgrade a priority. Since the NSLS runs continuously, major changes to the control system are difficult. The upgrade plan had to allow continuous incremental changes to the control system without having any detrimental effect on operations. The plan had to provide for immediate improvement in a few key areas, such as data access rates, and be complete in a short time. At present, most accelerator operations utilize the upgraded control system.
Smith, J.; Ramamoorthy, S.; Tang, Y.; Flannigan, J.; Sathe, S.; Keane, J.; Krinsky, S.
DOE and Industry Showcase New Control Systems Security Technologies at
Technology Development » Energy Delivery Systems Technology Development » Energy Delivery Systems Cybersecurity » Control Systems Security News Archive » DOE and Industry Showcase New Control Systems Security Technologies at DistribuTECH DOE and Industry Showcase New Control Systems Security Technologies at DistribuTECH DistribuTECH Conference Tuesday-Thursday, March 23-25, 2010 Tampa Convention Center Booth #231 Tampa, FL Join the Department of Energy and its industry partners as they showcase six new products and technologies designed to secure the nation's energy infrastructure from cyber attack on Tuesday through Thursday, March 23-25. Visit Booth #231 at the DistribuTECH 2010 Conference & Exhibition in Tampa, FL, to see first-hand demonstrations of several newly commercialized control systems security products-each developed through a
Techno Security's Guide to Securing SCADA: A Comprehensive Handbook On Protecting The Critical Infrastructure
Around the world, SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems and other real-time process control networks run mission-critical infrastructure--everything from the power grid to water treatment, chemical manufacturing to transportation. ... Keywords: Computer Science, Security
Jack Wiles
Type-2 fuzzy decision support system to optimise MANET integration into infrastructure-based wireless systems
Mobile ad hoc networks are able to extend the coverage area of Internet access points by establishing multihop communication paths. Due to diverse factors such as the mobility of the nodes, the propagation conditions or the traffic status, the communication ... Keywords: Ad hoc networks, Fuzzy decision system, Internet connection
A. J. Yuste; A. Trivi�O; E. Casilari
Agent-based Cyber Control Strategy Design for Resilient Control Systems: Concepts, Architecture and Methodologies
The implementation of automated regulatory control has been around since the middle of the last century through analog means. It has allowed engineers to operate the plant more consistently by focusing on overall operations and settings instead of individual monitoring of local instruments (inside and outside of a control room). A similar approach is proposed for cyber security, where current border-protection designs have been inherited from information technology developments that lack consideration of the high-reliability, high consequence nature of industrial control systems. Instead of an independent development, however, an integrated approach is taken to develop a holistic understanding of performance. This performance takes shape inside a multiagent design, which provides a notional context to model highly decentralized and complex industrial process control systems, the nervous system of critical infrastructure. The resulting strategy will provide a framework for researching solutions to security and unrecognized interdependency concerns with industrial control systems.
Craig Rieger; Milos Manic; Miles McQueen
Process Control System Cyber Security Standards - An Overview
The use of cyber security standards can greatly assist in the protection of critical infrastructure by providing guidelines and requisite imperatives in the implementation of computer-controlled systems. These standards are most effective when the engineers and operators using the standards understand what each of the standards addresses and does not address. This paper provides a review and comparison of ten documents dealing with control system cyber security. It is not meant to be a complete treatment of all applicable standards; rather, this is an exemplary analysis showing the benefits of comparing and contrasting differing documents.
Robert P. Evans; V Stanley Scown; Rolf Carlson; Shabbir Shamsuddin; George Shaw; Jeff Dagle; Paul W Oman; Jeannine Schmidt
Environment control system
A system for controlling the environment of an enclosed area in nuclear reactor installations. The system permits the changing of the environment from nitrogen to air, or from air to nitrogen, without the release of any radioactivity or process gas to the outside atmosphere. In changing from a nitrogen to an air environment, oxygen is inserted into the enclosed area at the same rate which the nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture is removed from the enclosed area. The nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture removed from the enclosed area is mixed with hydrogen, the hydrogen recombining with the oxygen present in the gas to form water. The water is then removed from the system and, if it contains any radioactive products, can be utilized to form concrete, which can then be transferred to a licensed burial site. The process gas is purified further by stripping it of carbon dioxide and then distilling it to remove any xenon, krypton, and other fission or non-condensable gases. The pure nitrogen is stored as either a cryogenic liquid or a gas. In changing from an air to nitrogen environment, the gas is removed from the enclosed area, mixed with hydrogen to remove the oxygen present, dried, passed through adsorption beds to remove any fission gases, and reinserted into the enclosed area. Additionally, the nitrogen stored during the nitrogen to air change, is inserted into the enclosed area, the nitrogen from both sources being inserted into the enclosed area at the same rate as the removal of the gas from the containment area. As designed, the amount of nitrogen stored during the nitrogen to air change substantially equals that required to replace oxygen removed during an air to nitrogen change.
Sammarone, Dino G. (Edgewood Borough, PA)
Scenario analysis for the role of sanitation infrastructures in integrated urban wastewater management
Traditionally, the sanitation infrastructures of most of the Urban Wastewater Systems (UWSs) have been managed individually, without considering the many relationships among the sewer systems, Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and receiving waters. ... Keywords: Ammonia concentration, Catchment, Expert knowledge, Management scenarios, Model integration, Sanitation infrastructure control, Water Framework Directive, Water quality
F. Devesa; J. Comas; C. Turon; A. Freix�; F. Carrasco; M. Poch
The averaged control system of fast oscillating control systems
For control systems that either have an explicit periodic dependence on time or have periodic solutions and small controls, we define an average control system that takes into account all possible variations of the control, and prove that its solutions approximate all solutions of the oscillating systems as oscillations go faster. The dimension of its velocity set is characterised geomtrically. When it is maximum the average system defines a Finsler metric, unfortunately not twice differntiable in general. Under particular assumptions, valid for the control two body system, this Finsler metric generates a Hamiltonian flow on the cotangent bundle. For minimum time control, this average system proves that averaging the Hamiltonian given by the maximum principle is a valid approximation.
Bombrun, Alex
Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems Version 1.8 |
Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems Version 1.8 Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems Version 1.8 Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems Version 1.8 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Process Control System (PCS), Distributed Control System (DCS), etc. generally refer to the systems which control, monitor, and manage the nation's critical infrastructures such as electric power generators, subway systems, dams, telecommunication systems, natural gas pipelines, and many others. Simply stated, a control system gathers information and then performs a function based on established parameters or information it received. Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems Version 1.8 More Documents & Publications AMI System Security Requirements - v1_01-1
Transportation and its Infrastructure
Transport and its infrastructure Coordinating Lead Authors:5 Transport and its infrastructure Chandler, K. , E. Eberts,5 Transport and its infrastructure Sausen, R. , I. Isaksen,
Cyberwarfare on the Electricity Infrastructure
The report analyzes the possibility of cyberwarfare on the electricity infrastructure. The ongoing deregulation of the electricity industry makes the power grid all the more vulnerable to cyber attacks. The report models the power system information system components, models potential threats and protective measures. It therefore offers a framework for infrastructure protection.
Murarka, N.; Ramesh, V.C.
Nonlinear Control of Delay and PDE Systems
Conference on Control and Systems, 1997. [151] O. Roesch, H.Adaptive Control for Systems with Uncertain Plant Pa-Stability of networked control systems with uncertain time-
Bekiaris-Liberis, Nikolaos
Identifying potential repositories for radioactive waste: multiple criteria decision analysis and critical infrastructure systems
An approach for the analysis and management of multiple criteria critical infrastructure problems is put forth. Nuclear waste management involves complex tradeoffs under uncertainty. Among all waste either generated by nature or human activities, radioactive nuclear waste is the most toxic to human health and difficult to manage: it is known that some nuclear waste material will be radioactive and potentially dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years. This paper discusses the use of multiple criteria decision analysis techniques such as the analytic hierarchy process for recommending sites to be considered as potential repositories for nuclear waste.
Kouichi Taji; Jason K. Levy; Jens Hartmann; Michelle L. Bell; Richard M. Anderson; Benjamin F. Hobbs; Tom Feglar
Resilient Everyday Infrastructure [To Rally Discussion
conservation, public safety, and the specific needs of individual tenants. The infrastructure systems that support such buildings�
Morrish, William R.
Detector Control System of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
The main task of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter Detector Control System (DCS) is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the calorimeter. All actions initiated by the operator, as well as all errors, warnings and alarms concerning the hardware of the detector are handled by DCS. The Tile calorimeter DCS controls and monitors mainly the low voltage and high voltage power supply systems, but it is also interfaced with the infrastructure (cooling system and racks), the calibration systems, the data acquisition system, configuration and conditions databases and the detector safety system. The system has been operational since the beginning of LHC operation and has been extensively used in the operation of the detector. In the last months effort was directed to the implementation of automatic recovery of power supplies after trips. Current status, results and latest developments will be presented.
Arabidze, G; The ATLAS collaboration; Ribeiro, G; Santos, H; Vinagre, F
Sharing local energy infrastructure : organizational models for implementing microgrids and district energy systems in urban commercial districts
There is a growing trend in cities toward establishing localized, shared energy infrastructure. As existing energy infrastructure ages and demand increases, cities face rising energy costs and security risks combined with ...
Sherman, Genevieve Rose
Vehicle-to-Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2V2I) Intelligent Transportation System Architecture
Abstract � In this paper, I describe the vehicle-tovehicle-to-infrastructure (V2V2I) architecture, which is a hybrid of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) architectures. The V2V2I architecture leverages the benefits of fast queries and responses from the V2I architecture, but with the advantage of a distributed architecture not having a single point-of-failure from the V2V architecture. In the V2V2I architecture, the transportation network is broken into zones in which a single vehicle is known as the Super Vehicle. Only Super Vehicles are able to communicate with the central infrastructure or with other Super Vehicles, and all other vehicles can only communicate with the Super Vehicle responsible for the zone in which they are currently traversing. I describe the Super Vehicle Detection (SVD) algorithm for how a vehicle can find or become a Super Vehicle of a zone and how Super Vehicles can aggregate the speed and location data from all of the vehicles within their zone to still ensure an accurate representation of the network. I perform an analysis using FreeSim to determine the trade-offs experienced based on the size and number of zones within a transportation network and describe the benefits of the V2V2I architecture over the pure V2I or V2V architectures. I.
Jeffrey Miller
Transportation Infrastructure
Infrastructure Infrastructure New Technologies * Potential need for dual-use casks * DOE should look toward industry & international communities for innovations * Industry unclear about delivery & receipt locations * Advances in physical & tracking technologies need to be factored in * Cost-benefit analysis of new technology Training & Dry Runs * Begin as soon as possible * Suggested order: #1-demonstrations, #2-training, #3-dry-runs * Don't re-invent the wheel- look at international programs * Allows DOE to test POC info/training * Standardization of training & materials * DOE should consider centralized training center * Use real equipment in dry- runs * Need for regionalized dry runs Packages * Full-scale Testing - Funds requested in 2003, potential use of
A Practical System for Centralized Network Control
Views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of Microsoft, NSF, or the U.S. government. Keywords: Centralized Network Control, Clean-slate Network Design, Network Dissemination Plane, IP networking is a spectacular success, catalyzing the diffusion of data networking across academic institutions, governments, businesses, and homes worldwide. Yet, despite the fundamental importance of this infrastructure, today�s networks are surprisingly fragile and increasingly difficult to configure, control, and maintain. As our dependence on data networking grows, so do the risks of security breaches, large-scale outages, and service disruptions. We believe that the root of these problems lies in the complexity of the control and management planes� the software and protocols coordinating network elements�and particularly the way the decision logic and the distributed-systems issues are inexorably intertwined. The research community advocates a complete refactoring of the functionality and proposes a new architecture which they call �4D, � after the architecture�s four planes: decision, dissemination, discovery, and data. The 4D architecture pulls decision-making logic out of the network elements to create a logically centralized decision plane, where network-level objectives and policies are specified and enforced by direct configuration of state on individual network elements.
Hong Yan; David Andersen; Srinivasan Seshan; David A. Maltz
Advanced CIDI Emission Control System Development
Ford Motor Company, with ExxonMobil and FEV, participated in the Department of Energy's (DOE) Ultra-Clean Transportation Fuels Program with the goal to develop an innovative emission control system for light-duty diesel vehicles. The focus on diesel engine emissions was a direct result of the improved volumetric fuel economy (up to 50%) and lower CO2 emissions (up to 25%) over comparable gasoline engines shown in Europe. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with aqueous urea as the NOx reductant and a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) were chosen as the primary emission control system components. The program expected to demonstrate more than 90% durable reduction in particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions on a light-duty truck application, based on the FTP-75 drive cycle. Very low sulfur diesel fuel (<15 ppm-wt) enabled lower PM emissions, reduced fuel economy penalty due to the emission control system and improved long-term system durability. Significant progress was made toward a durable system to meet Tier 2 Bin 5 emission standards on a 6000 lbs light-duty truck. A 40% reduction in engine-out NOx emissions was achieved with a mid-size prototype diesel engine through engine recalibration and increased exhaust gas recirculation. Use of a rapid warm-up strategy and urea SCR provided over 90% further NOx reduction while the CDPF reduced tailpipe PM to gasoline vehicle levels. Development work was conducted to separately improve urea SCR and CDPF system durability, as well as improved oxidation catalyst function. Exhaust gas NOx and ammonia sensors were also developed further. While the final emission control system did not meet Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx after 120k mi of aging on the dynamometer, it did meet the standards for HC, NMOG, and PM, and an improved SCR catalyst was shown to have potential to meet the NOx standard, assuming the DOC durability could be improved further. Models of DOC and SCR function were developed to guide the study of several key design factors for SCR systems and aid in the development of urea control strategy for maximum NOx reduction with minimum NH3 slip. A durable co-fueling system was successfully built and tested, with the help of service station nozzle and dispenser manufacturers, for simultaneous delivery of diesel fuel and aqueous urea to the vehicle. The business case for an aqueous urea infrastructure in the US for light-duty vehicles was explored.
Lambert, Christine
The APS control system network
The APS accelerator control system is a distributed system consisting of operator interfaces, a network, and computer-controlled interfaces to hardware. This implementation of a control system has come to be called the {open_quotes}Standard Model.{close_quotes} The operator interface is a UNDC-based workstation with an X-windows graphical user interface. The workstation may be located at any point on the facility network and maintain full functionality. The function of the network is to provide a generalized communication path between the host computers, operator workstations, input/output crates, and other hardware that comprise the control system. The crate or input/output controller (IOC) provides direct control and input/output interfaces for each accelerator subsystem. The network is an integral part of all modem control systems and network performance will determine many characteristics of a control system. This paper will describe the overall APS network and examine the APS control system network in detail. Metrics are provided on the performance of the system under various conditions.
Sidorowicz, K.V.; McDowell, W.P.
Energy Infrastructure Events and Expansions Infrastructure Security...
Year-in-Review: 2010 Energy Infrastructure Events and Expansions Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S....
Water, Neighborhoods and Urban Design: Micro-Utilities and the Fifth Infrastructure
and wastewater systems infrastructure to protect ourselvesand stresses caused by this infrastructure. New and evolvingMicro-Utilities and the Fifth Infrastructure V. Elmer and H.
Elmer, Vicki; Fraker, Harrison
A Bayesian Network Methodology for Infrastructure Seismic Risk Assessment and Decision Support
and management of infrastructure systems: Review and newbridges. ? Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, (1�11,of Critical Transportation Infrastructure. ? Applications of
Bensi, Michelle Terese
Control methodologies provide the necessary data acquisition, analysis and corrective actions needed to maintain the state of an electric power system within acceptable operating limits. These methods are primarily software-based algorithms that are nonfunctional unless properly integrated with system data and the appropriate control devices. Components of the control of power systems today include protective relays, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), distribution automation (DA), feeder automation, software agents, sensors, control devices and communications. Necessary corrective actions are still accomplished using large electromechanical devices such as vacuum, oil and gas-insulated breakers, capacitor banks, regulators, transformer tap changers, reclosers, generators, and more recently FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices. The recent evolution of multi-agent system (MAS) technologies has been reviewed and effort made to integrate MAS into next generation power systems. A MAS can be defined as â�?�?â�?¦a loosely-coupled network of problem solvers that work together to solve problems that are beyond their individual capabilitiesâ�?¦â�?. These problem solvers, often called agents, are autonomous and may be heterogeneous in nature. This project has shown that a MAS has significant advantages over a single, monolithic, centralized problem solver for next generation power systems. Various communication media are being used in the electric power system today, including copper, optical fiber and power line carrier (PLC) as well as wireless technologies. These technologies have enabled the deployment of substation automation (SA) at many facilities. Recently, carrier and wireless technologies have been developed and demonstrated on a pilot basis. Hence, efforts have been made by this project to penetrate these communication technologies as an infrastructure for next generation power systems. This project has thus pursued efforts to use specific MAS methods as well as pertinent communications protocols to imbed and assess such technologies in a real electric power distribution system, specifically the Circuit of the Future (CoF) developed by Southern California Edison (SCE). By modeling the behavior and communication for the components of a MAS, the operation and control of the power distribution circuit have been enhanced. The use of MAS to model and integrate a power distribution circuit offers a significantly different approach to the design of next generation power systems. For example, ways to control a power distribution circuit that includes a micro-grid while considering the impacts of thermal constraints, and integrating voltage control and renewable energy sources on the main power system have been pursued. Both computer simulations and laboratory testbeds have been used to demonstrate such technologies in electric power distribution systems. An economic assessment of MAS in electric power systems was also performed during this project. A report on the economic feasibility of MAS for electric power systems was prepared, and particularly discusses the feasibility of incorporating MAS in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. Also, the commercial viability of deploying MAS in T&D systems has been assessed by developing an initial case study using utility input to estimate the benefits of deploying MAS. In summary, the MAS approach, which had previously been investigated with good success by APERC for naval shipboard applications, has now been applied with promising results for enhancing an electric power distribution circuit, such as the Circuit of the Future developed by Southern California Edison. The results for next generation power systems include better ability to reconfigure circuits, improve protection and enhance reliability.
Personalized HVAC control system
We present a novel method of building comfort control, focused around the occupant. Custom sensing, communication, and actuation hardware were developed to locate users in a building, and measure various parameters directly ...
Feldmeier, Mark Christopher
Decision-Support Software for Grid Operators: Transmission Topology Control for Infrastructure Resilience to the Integration of Renewable Generation
GENI Project: The CRA team is developing control technology to help grid operators more actively manage power flows and integrate renewables by optimally turning on and off entire power lines in coordination with traditional control of generation and load resources. The control technology being developed would provide grid operators with tools to help manage transmission congestion by identifying the facilities whose on/off status must change to lower generation costs, increase utilization of renewable resources and improve system reliability. The technology is based on fast optimization algorithms for the near to real-time change in the on/off status of transmission facilities and their software implementation.
NREL: Energy Analysis: Transmission Infrastructure
Transmission Infrastructure Transmission Infrastructure Grid expansion and planning to allow large scale deployment of renewable generation Large scale deployment of renewable electricity generation will require additional transmission to connect renewable resources, which are wide-spread across the US, but regionally-constrained, to load centers. Long-term transmission planning, based on potential future growth in electric loads and generation resource expansion options, is critical to maintaining the necessary flexibility required for a reliable and robust transmission system. NREL's analyses support transmission infrastructure planning and expansion to enable large-scale deployment of renewable energy in the future. NREL's transmission infrastructure expansion and planning analyses show
Modeling infrastructure interdependency among floodplain infrastructures with extended Petri-Net
Safety assessment of the infrastructures in a network can be predicted using the extended Petri-Net analysis. The analysis has been applied to a system of floodplain infrastructures consisting of power generating infrastructures, e.g., water storage ... Keywords: Markov chain, infrastructure, interdependency, reachability graph, transition probability
S. Sultana; Z. Chen
A resilience assessment framework for infrastructure and economic systems : quantitative and qualitative resilience analysis of petrochemical supply chains to a hurricane.
In recent years, the nation has recognized that critical infrastructure protection should consider not only the prevention of disruptive events, but also the processes that infrastructure systems undergo to maintain functionality following disruptions. This more comprehensive approach has been termed critical infrastructure resilience (CIR). Given the occurrence of a particular disruptive event, the resilience of a system to that event is the system's ability to efficiently reduce both the magnitude and duration of the deviation from targeted system performance levels. Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) has developed a comprehensive resilience assessment framework for evaluating the resilience of infrastructure and economic systems. The framework includes a quantitative methodology that measures resilience costs that result from a disruption to infrastructure function. The framework also includes a qualitative analysis methodology that assesses system characteristics that affect resilience in order to provide insight and direction for potential improvements to resilience. This paper describes the resilience assessment framework. This paper further demonstrates the utility of the assessment framework through application to a hypothetical scenario involving the disruption of a petrochemical supply chain by a hurricane.
Ehlen, Mark Andrew; Vugrin, Eric D.; Warren, Drake E.
Control Systems Security Publications Library | Department of...
Electricity Advisory Committee Technology Development Transmission Planning Smart Grid Energy Delivery Systems Cybersecurity Control Systems Security News Archive Control...
Data Diodes in Support of Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure
Interconnections between process control networks and en- terprise networks has resulted in the proliferation of stan- dard communication protocols in industrial control systems which exposes instrumentation, control systems, and the critical infrastructure components they operate to a variety of cyber attacks. Various standards and technologies have been proposed to protect industrial control systems against cyber attacks and to provide them with confidentiality, in- tegrity, and availability. Among these technologies, data diodes provide protection of critical systems by the means of physically enforcing traffic direction on the network. In order to deploy data diodes effectively, it is imperative to un- derstand the protection they provide, the protection they do not provide, their limitations, and their place in the larger security infrastructure. In this work, we briefly review the security challenges in an industrial control system, study data diodes, their functionalities and limitations, and pro- pose a scheme for their effective deployment in trusted pro- cess control networks (TPCNs.)
Sheldon, Frederick T [ORNL; Okhravi, Hamed [ORNL
PIA - Weapons Data Control Systems | Department of Energy
Weapons Data Control Systems PIA - Weapons Data Control Systems PIA - Weapons Data Control Systems PIA PIA - Weapons Data Control Systems...
Controlled System Separation
Power systems are increasingly stressed by the rapid growth of electricity markets and renewable sources. As a result, the risks of a disturbance causing out-of-step generators or triggering cascading failures in a power system are also increasing. In extreme situations, successive line trips may break the power network into two or more islands in an undesired manner. For those areas without or lacking of generation capacities to support local electricity demands, much load has to be dropped, thus result...
System Compatibility of Modern Lighting Control Systems
The state of the energy industry combined with growing economic pressures will drive accelerated use of energy-efficient dimmable lighting devices and control systems. While penetration and application will be different across customer sectors, the goal is to dynamically reduce lighting load without compromising productivity and the quality of light and life in a timely manner. Continual improvement of dimmable devices and controls is paramount to achieving that goal. EPRI research concepts in system com...
Integrated control system and method
An integrated control system for use with an engine connected to a generator providing electrical power to a switchgear is disclosed. The engine receives gas produced by a gasifier. The control system includes an electronic controller associated with the gasifier, engine, generator, and switchgear. A gas flow sensor monitors a gas flow from the gasifier to the engine through an engine gas control valve and provides a gas flow signal to the electronic controller. A gas oversupply sensor monitors a gas oversupply from the gasifier and provides an oversupply signal indicative of gas not provided to the engine. A power output sensor monitors a power output of the switchgear and provide a power output signal. The electronic controller changes gas production of the gasifier and the power output rating of the switchgear based on the gas flow signal, the oversupply signal, and the power output signal.
Wang, Paul Sai Keat; Baldwin, Darryl; Kim, Myoungjin
Pump control system for windmills
A windmill control system having lever means, for varying length of stroke of the pump piston, and a control means, responsive to the velocity of the wind to operate the lever means to vary the length of stroke and hence the effective displacement of the pump in accordance with available wind energy, with the control means having a sensing member separate from the windmill disposed in the wind and displaceable thereby in accordance with wind velocity.
Avery, Don E. (45-437 Akimala St., Honolulu, HI 96744)
Valves have been developed for controlling the flow of gaseous fluid through a passage or conduit. The valves have particular application in the cooling systems of gas; cooled reactors. (R.J.S.)
Fortescue, P.; Rickard, C.; Rose, D.
Intrinsically resilient energy control systems
To preserve critical energy control functions while under attack, it is necessary to perform comprehensive analysis on the root cause and impact of an ongoing cyber intrusion without sacrificing the availability of energy delivery. In this position paper, ... Keywords: cybersecurity, data integration, energy control system, intrusion-tolerant scada, knowledge base, ontology, root cause analysis, semantic annotation, situational awareness
Frederick Sheldon; Daniel Fetzer; David Manz; Jingshan Huang; Stuart Goose; Thomas Morris; Jiangbo Dang; Jonathan Kirsch; Dong Wei
Feedback control of spin systems
The feedback stabilization problem for ensembles of coupled spin 1/2 systems is discussed from a control theoretic perspective. The noninvasive nature of the bulk measurement allows for a fully unitary and deterministic closed loop. The Lyapunov-based feedback design presented does not require spins that are selectively addressable. With this method, it is possible to obtain control inputs also for difficult tasks, like suppressing undesired couplings in identical spin systems.
Claudio Altafini
"The Encyclopedia of Systems Biology and OMICS" and "The ISA Infrastructure for Multi-omics Data" (GSC8 Meeting)
The Genomic Standards Consortium was formed in September 2005. It is an international, open-membership working body which promotes standardization in the description of genomes and the exchange and integration of genomic data. The 2009 meeting was an activity of a five-year funding "Research Coordination Network" from the National Science Foundation and was organized held at the DOE Joint Genome Institute with organizational support provided by the JGI and by the University of California - San Diego. Eugene Kolker from Seattle Children's Hospital briefly discusses "The Encyclopedia of Systems Biology and OMICS," followed by Susanna Sansone from the EBI on "The ISA Infrastructure for multi-omics data" at the Genomic Standards Consortium's 8th meeting at the DOE JGI in Walnut Creek, Calif. on Sept. 11, 2009.
Kolker, Eugene (Seattle Children's Hospital); Susanna Sansone (EBI)
Synchrophasor Communication Infrastructure
This report details ongoing work begun in 2011 evaluating benefits of various wide-area communications approaches for transport of synchrophasor measurements, with a focus on latency. Recent discussions on synchrophasor use in the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) community have included consideration of automated closed-loop control over an Internet protocol (IP) network infrastructure.The project�s focus in 2012 has been twofold: NASPInet architecture design and ...
BS>A slow-acting shim rod for control of major variations in reactor neutron flux and a fast-acting control rod to correct minor flux variations are employed to provide a sensitive, accurate control system. The fast-acting rod is responsive to an error signal which is produced by changes in the neutron flux from a predetermined optimum level. When the fast rod is thus actuated in a given direction, means is provided to actuate the slow-moving rod in that direction to return the fast rod to a position near the midpoint of its control range. (AEC)
Crever, F.E.
Position feedback control system
Disclosed is a system and method for independently evaluating the spatial positional performance of a machine having a movable member, comprising an articulated coordinate measuring machine comprising: a first revolute joint; a probe arm, having a proximal end rigidly attached to the first joint, and having a distal end with a probe tip attached thereto, wherein the probe tip is pivotally mounted to the movable machine member; a second revolute joint; a first support arm serially connecting the first joint to the second joint; and coordinate processing means, operatively connected to the first and second revolute joints, for calculating the spatial coordinates of the probe tip; means for kinematically constraining the articulated coordinate measuring machine to a working surface; and comparator means, in operative association with the coordinate processing means and with the movable machine, for comparing the true position of the movable machine member, as measured by the true position of the probe tip, with the desired position of the movable machine member.
Bieg, Lothar F. (Albuquerque, NM); Jokiel, Jr., Bernhard (Albuquerque, NM); Ensz, Mark T. (Albuquerque, NM); Watson, Robert D. (Tijeras, NM)
Definition: Advanced Metering Infrastructure | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
search Dictionary.png Advanced Metering Infrastructure A system of smart meters, two-way communications networks, and data management systems implemented to enable metering and...
The Fermilab data storage infrastructure
Fermilab, in collaboration with the DESY laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, has created a petabyte scale data storage infrastructure to meet the requirements of experiments to store and access large data sets. The Fermilab data storage infrastructure consists of the following major storage and data transfer components: Enstore mass storage system, DCache distributed data cache, ftp and Grid ftp for primarily external data transfers. This infrastructure provides a data throughput sufficient for transferring data from experiments' data acquisition systems. It also allows access to data in the Grid framework.
Jon A Bakken et al.
Resilient Control System Execution Agent (ReCoSEA)
In an increasingly networked world, critical infrastructure systems suffer from two types of vulnerability. The first is the traditionally recognized problem of monitoring the systems for faults and failures, recognizing and analyzing data, and responding with real understanding to the problems of the system. Increasingly complex systems create the opportunity for single points of failure to cascade when inaccurate assessment of system health increases response time or leads to faulty analysis of the problems involved. A second problem involves vulnerability to cyber intrusion, in which bad actors can mask system deterioration or present false data about system status. A resilient system will protect stability, efficiency, and security. To ensure these three states, the system must react to changing conditions within the system with coordination: no one component of the system can be allowed to react to problems without real consideration of the effects of that action on other components within the system. Systems with multi-agent design typically have three layers of action, a management layer, a coordination layer, and an execution layer. A resilient multi-agent system will emphasize functions of the execution layer, which has the responsibility of initiating actions, monitoring, analyzing, and controlling its own processes, while feeding information back to the higher levels of management and coordination. The design concept of a resilient control system execution agent (ReCoSEA) grows out of these underpinnings, and through the use of computational intelligence techniques, this paper suggests an associated design methodology.
Craig G. Rieger; Kris Villez
Transportation Infrastructure and Sustainable Development
Transportation Infrastructure AND Sustainable Developmentnext two decades, urban infrastructure will be under immenseboth expansions in infrastructure that supports automobile
Boarnet, Marlon G.
Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle Impacts of Energy Developments on the Texas Transportation System Infrastructure 7. Author(s)
Texas�s energy sector has a critical impact�historically and currently�on both the state economy and the Texas transportation system. The state�s various transportation modes, including rail, highways, pipelines, and ports, form a system that supports the energy sector in a number of ways. Examples include the (a) movement of various components during the construction and implementation of the energy source (e.g., wind turbines and solar farms), (b) provision of enabling infrastructure (e.g., transmission lines), and (c) movement of the intermediate and final products in some energy supply chains (e.g., low sulfur mid-west coal by Class 1 unit trains to the major coal burning plants in Texas). It is thus critical that TxDOT develop a better understanding of the current and future impacts of the energy sector on Texas�s transportation system, as well as quantify these impacts to ensure both adequate maintenance and its future sustainability. 17. Key Words Texas transportation system, energy, supply chains, wind turbines, solar farms, transmission lines, coal, oil, natural gas, environmental. 19. Security Classif. (of report)
A Prozzi; Sergey Grebenschikov; Ambarish Banerjee; Jorge Prozzi
Control System Applicable Use Assessment of the Secure Computing Corporation - Secure Firewall (Sidewinder)
Battelle�s National Security & Defense objective is, �applying unmatched expertise and unique facilities to deliver homeland security solutions. From detection and protection against weapons of mass destruction to emergency preparedness/response and protection of critical infrastructure, we are working with industry and government to integrate policy, operational, technological, and logistical parameters that will secure a safe future�. In an ongoing effort to meet this mission, engagements with industry that are intended to improve operational and technical attributes of commercial solutions that are related to national security initiatives are necessary. This necessity will ensure that capabilities for protecting critical infrastructure assets are considered by commercial entities in their development, design, and deployment lifecycles thus addressing the alignment of identified deficiencies and improvements needed to support national cyber security initiatives. The Secure Firewall (Sidewinder) appliance by Secure Computing was assessed for applicable use in critical infrastructure control system environments, such as electric power, nuclear and other facilities containing critical systems that require augmented protection from cyber threat. The testing was performed in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory�s (PNNL) Electric Infrastructure Operations Center (EIOC). The Secure Firewall was tested in a network configuration that emulates a typical control center network and then evaluated. A number of observations and recommendations are included in this report relating to features currently included in the Secure Firewall that support critical infrastructure security needs.
Hadley, Mark D.; Clements, Samuel L.
Infrastructure sectors and the information infrastructure
The protection of Critical Information Infrastructures (CIIs) is usually framed in the larger context of protecting all the Critical Infrastructures (CIs) that a Nation or a group of Nations (as is the case of the European Union) consider as essential ...
Andrea Glorioso; Andrea Servida
Control System of the Bepcii
Recently the Chinese Academy of Sciences has chosen BEPCII as the future development of the BEPC, i.e. upgrade of both the machine and detector. The luminosity of the machine is expected to increase to 1.0x1033cm-2s-1. The project will be started at the beginning of 2002 and finished with in 3-4 years. The BEPC control system was built in 1987 and upgraded in 1994. According to the design of the BEPCII, a double ring schema will be adopted and a number of new devices will be added in the system. The existing control system has to be upgraded. The BEPCII will be distributed architecture and developed by EPICS. We are going to apply the standard hardware interfaces and mature technologies in the system. A number of VME IOCs will be added in the system and the feildbus, PLCs will be used as device control for some kind of equipment. We will keep the existing system in use, such as CAMAC modules and PC front-ends, and merge it into EPICS system. Recently the development of the prototype is in progress. This paper will describe the system design and development issues.
J. Zhao; C. H. Wang; X. C. Kong; G. Lei; S. F. Xu; Q. Le
National SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy
SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy sector National SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy sector Improving the security of energy control systems has become a national priority. Since the mid-1990's, security experts have become increasingly concerned about the threat of malicious cyber attacks on the vital supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and distributed control systems (DCS) used to monitor and manage our energy infrastructure. Many of the systems still in use today were designed to operate in closed, proprietary networks. National SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy sector More Documents & Publications NSTB Summarizes Vulnerable Areas Transmission and Distribution World March 2007: DOE Focuses on Cyber
Reactor control rod timing system
A fluid driven jet-edge whistle timing system for control rods of a nuclear reactor for producing real-time detection of the timing of each control rod in its scram operation. An important parameter in reactor safety, particularly for liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBR), is the time deviation between the time the control rod is released and the time the rod actually reaches the down position. The whistle has a nearly pure tone signal with center frequency (above 100 kHz) far above the frequency band in which the energy of the background noise is concentrated. Each control rod can be fitted with a whistle with a different frequency so that there is no ambiguity in differentiating the signal from each control rod.
Wu, Peter T. K. (Clifton Park, NY)
controls and restoration. Widespread outages and huge price spikes during the past few years raised public or months, while larger outages occur every two to nine years and affect millions. Much larger outages outage is estimated to have a cost in the range of $6-$10 billions. Past disturbances in both the power
A Grid Service-Based Infrastructure for Accessing Scientific Collections: The Case of the ARION System
The ARION system provides basic e-services of search and retrieval of objects in scientific collections, such as datasets, simulation models and tools necessary for statistical and/or visualization processing. These collections may represent application ... Keywords: Grid, RDF/S, Semantic Web, e-Science, mobile agents, ontologybased system, workflow
Catherine Houstis; Spyros Lalis; Marios Pitikakis; George V. Vasilakis; Kyriakos Kritikos; Antonis Smardas
Proton beam therapy control system
A tiered communications architecture for managing network traffic in a distributed system. Communication between client or control computers and a plurality of hardware devices is administered by agent and monitor devices whose activities are coordinated to reduce the number of open channels or sockets. The communications architecture also improves the transparency and scalability of the distributed system by reducing network mapping dependence. The architecture is desirably implemented in a proton beam therapy system to provide flexible security policies which improve patent safety and facilitate system maintenance and development.
Baumann, Michael A. (Riverside, CA); Beloussov, Alexandre V. (Bernardino, CA); Bakir, Julide (Alta Loma, CA); Armon, Deganit (Redlands, CA); Olsen, Howard B. (Colton, CA); Salem, Dana (Riverside, CA)
Baumann, Michael A. (Riverside, CA); Beloussov, Alexandre V. (San Bernardino, CA); Bakir, Julide (Alta Loma, CA); Armon, Deganit (Longmeadow, MA); Olsen, Howard B. (Irvine, CA); Salem, Dana (Riverside, CA)
Baumann, Michael A; Beloussov, Alexandre V; Bakir, Julide; Armon, Deganit; Olsen, Howard B; Salem, Dana
Hydrogen and Infrastructure Costs
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Hydrogen and Infrastructure Costs Hydrogen Infrastructure Market Readiness Workshop Washington D.C. February 17, 2011 Fred Joseck U.S. Department of...
Location and Infrastructure
Facts, Figures Location and Infrastructure Location and Infrastructure LANL's mission is to develop and apply science and technology to ensure the safety, security, and...
Microelectronics Manufacturing Infrastructure
... But the manufacturing infrastructure is aging. ... to create an integrated infrastructure for manufacturing ... will enhance the value and utility of portable ...
Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems
The Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems report, prepared by Idaho National Laboratory, describes the common vulnerabilities on energy sector control systems, and provides...
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: Analysis of Energy Infrastructures
Analysis of Energy Infrastructures Analysis of Energy Infrastructures Project Summary Full Title: Analysis of Energy Infrastructures and Potential Impacts from an Emergent Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Project ID: 250 Principal Investigator: David Reichmuth Brief Description: Sandia National Laboratories is using a system dynamics approach to simulate the interaction of vehicle adoption and infrastructure for hydrogen, electricity, natural gas, and gasoline. Purpose It is envisioned that the transition to hydrogen vehicles will begin by taking advantage of the existing infrastructure for natural gas. This project will study the impact of hydrogen vehicles on demand for natural gas, electricity, and gasoline. The impact of existing energy infrastructures on hydrogen infrastructure growth will also be considered.
Fuel Cell Vehicle Infrastructure Learning Demonstration: Status and Results; Preprint
Article prepared for ECS Transactions that describes the results of DOE's Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation project.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Garbak, J.
This document provides results and conclusions for Task 15.0--Detailed Analysis of Air Balance & Conceptual Design of Improved Air Manifolds in the ''Technologies to Enhance the Operation of Existing Natural Gas Compression Infrastructure'' project. SwRI{reg_sign} is conducting this project for DOE in conjunction with Pipeline Research Council International, Gas Machinery Research Council, El Paso Pipeline, Cooper Compression, and Southern Star, under DOE contract number DE-FC26-02NT41646. The objective of Task 15.0 was to investigate the perceived imbalance in airflow between power cylinders in two-stroke integral compressor engines and develop solutions via manifold redesign. The overall project objective is to develop and substantiate methods for operating integral engine/compressors in gas pipeline service, which reduce fuel consumption, increase capacity, and enhance mechanical integrity.
Gary D. Bourn; Ford A. Phillips; Ralph E. Harris
Cyber Infrastructure Group Home Page
Cyber Infrastructure Group. Welcome. The Cyber Infrastructure Group (775.04) addresses the integration and interoperability ...
DOE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program Integrated Hydrogen Production, Purification and Compression System
The project was started in April 2005 with the objective to meet the DOE target of delivered hydrogen of <$1.50/gge, which was later revised by DOE to $2-$3/gge range for hydrogen to be competitive with gasoline as a fuel for vehicles. For small, on-site hydrogen plants being evaluated at the time for refueling stations (the 'forecourt'), it was determined that capital cost is the main contributor to the high cost of delivered hydrogen. The concept of this project was to reduce the cost by combining unit operations for the entire generation, purification, and compression system (refer to Figure 1). To accomplish this, the Fluid Bed Membrane Reactor (FBMR) developed by MRT was used. The FBMR has hydrogen selective, palladium-alloy membrane modules immersed in the reformer vessel, thereby directly producing high purity hydrogen in a single step. The continuous removal of pure hydrogen from the reformer pushes the equilibrium 'forward', thereby maximizing the productivity with an associated reduction in the cost of product hydrogen. Additional gains were envisaged by the integration of the novel Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compressor (MHC) developed by Ergenics, which compresses hydrogen from 0.5 bar (7 psia) to 350 bar (5,076 psia) or higher in a single unit using thermal energy. Excess energy from the reformer provides up to 25% of the power used for driving the hydride compressor so that system integration improved efficiency. Hydrogen from the membrane reformer is of very high, fuel cell vehicle (FCV) quality (purity over 99.99%), eliminating the need for a separate purification step. The hydride compressor maintains hydrogen purity because it does not have dynamic seals or lubricating oil. The project team set out to integrate the membrane reformer developed by MRT and the hydride compression system developed by Ergenics in a single package. This was expected to result in lower cost and higher efficiency compared to conventional hydrogen production technologies. The overall objective was to develop an integrated system to directly produce high pressure, high-purity hydrogen from a single unit, which can meet the DOE cost H2 cost target of $2 - $3/gge when mass produced. The project was divided into two phases with the following tasks and corresponding milestones, targets and decision points. Phase 1 - Task 1 - Verify feasibility of the concept, perform a detailed techno-economic analysis, and develop a test plan; and Task 2: Build and experimentally test a Proof of Concept (POC) integrated membrane reformer/metal hydride compressor system. Phase 2 - Task 3: Build an Advanced Prototype (AP) system with modifications based on POC learning and demonstrate at a commercial site; and Task 4: Complete final product design for mass manufacturing units capable of achieving DOE 2010 H2 cost and performance targets.
Tamhankar, Satish; Gulamhusein, Ali; Boyd, Tony; DaCosta, David; Golben, Mark
Evolving the Nation's Energy Infrastructure: A Challenging System Issue for the Twenty-First Century; Preprint
Over the next several decades, a profound transformation of the global energy enterprise will occur driven largely by population growth and economic development. How this growing demand for energy is met poses one of the most complex and challenging issues of our time. The current national energy dialogue reflects the challenge in simultaneously considering the social, political, economic, and technical issues as the energy system is defined, technical targets are established, and programs and investments are implemented to meet those technical targets. This paper examines the general concepts and options for meeting this challenge.
Garrett, B.
How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems
Data centers are among the most energy intensive types of facilities, and they are growing dramatically in terms of size and intensity [EPA 2007]. As a result, in the last few years there has been increasing interest from stakeholders - ranging from data center managers to policy makers - to improve the energy efficiency of data centers, and there are several industry and government organizations that have developed tools, guidelines, and training programs. There are many opportunities to reduce energy use in data centers and benchmarking studies reveal a wide range of efficiency practices. Data center operators may not be aware of how efficient their facility may be relative to their peers, even for the same levels of service. Benchmarking is an effective way to compare one facility to another, and also to track the performance of a given facility over time. Toward that end, this article presents the key metrics that facility managers can use to assess, track, and manage the efficiency of the infrastructure systems in data centers, and thereby identify potential efficiency actions. Most of the benchmarking data presented in this article are drawn from the data center benchmarking database at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The database was developed from studies commissioned by the California Energy Commission, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., the U.S. Department of Energy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
Mathew, Paul; Greenberg, Steve; Ganguly, Srirupa; Sartor, Dale; Tschudi, William
NETL: Carbon Storage - Infrastructure
Infrastructure Infrastructure Carbon Storage Infrastructure The Infrastructure Element of DOE's Carbon Storage Program is focused on research and development (R&D) initiatives to advance geologic CO2 storage toward commercialization. DOE determined early in the program's development that addressing CO2 mitigation on a regional level is the most effective way to address differences in geology, climate, population density, infrastructure, and socioeconomic development. This element includes the following efforts designed to support the development of regional infrastructure for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Click on Image to Navigate Infrastructure Content on this page requires a newer version of Adobe Flash Player. Get Adobe Flash player Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) - This
Direction control of bilinear systems. I
We consider the general bilinear control systems in three-dimensional Euclidean space which satisfy the LARC and have an open control set U; and give sufficient controllability conditions for corresponding projected systems on two-dimensional sphere.
Choque, Abdon
Multiple sensors with single HVAC system control
sensor; HVAC; control system; optimization; multi channeloptimization method is designed to be independent of the HVAC
Lin, Craig; Federspiel, Clifford; Auslander, David
Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, & Infrastructure - Program Areas - Energy...
fuel cell Welcome> Program Areas> Program Areas Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Production & Delivery | Storage | Fuel Cell R&D | Systems Integration & Analysis | Safety...
Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 |
Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 The Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group is a unique public-private partnership recently formed to help guide implementation of the priorities identified in the industry-led Roadmap to Secure Control Systems in the Energy Sector. The group seeks to provide a platform for pursuing innovative and practical activities that will improve the security of the control systems that manage our nation's energy infrastructure. The Group will meet March 25, 2008 in St. Louis Missouri to focus on four objectives: Help identify and implement practical, near-term activities that are high priority for the industry Promote the value to the industry of achieving the goals of the
Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group to Meet March 25, 2008 The Energy Sector Control Systems Working Group is a unique public-private partnership recently formed to help guide implementation of the priorities identified in the industry-led Roadmap to Secure Control Systems in the Energy Sector. The group seeks to provide a platform for pursuing innovative and practical activities that will improve the security of the control systems that manage our nation's energy infrastructure. The Group will meet March 25, 2008 in St. Louis Missouri to focus on four objectives: Help identify and implement practical, near-term activities that are high priority for the industry Promote the value to the industry of achieving the goals of the
Computer controlled air conditioning systems
This patent describes an improvement in a computer controlled air conditioning system providing for circulation of air through an air conditioned house in contact with concrete walls requiring a humidity within a critical range. The improvement consists of: a computer for processing sensed environmental input data including humidity and oxygen to produce output control signals for affecting the humidity of the air in the house; provision for an air flow circulation path through the house in contact with the concrete walls; sensing responsive to the amount of oxygen in the house for providing input signals to the computer; mixing for combining with the air in the house a variable amount of fresh atmospheric air to supply fresh oxygen; and humidity modifying means for modifying the humidity of the air flowing in the flow path responsive to the control signals.
Dumbeck, R.F.
Heat engine generator control system
An electrical power generation system includes a heat engine having an output member operatively coupled to the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. System output power is controlled by varying an electrical parameter of the dynamoelectric machine. A power request signal is related to an engine speed and the electrical parameter is varied in accordance with a speed control loop. Initially, the sense of change in the electrical parameter in response to a change in the power request signal is opposite that required to effectuate a steady state output power consistent with the power request signal. Thereafter, the electrical parameter is varied to converge the output member speed to the speed known to be associated with the desired electrical output power.
Rajashekara, Kaushik (Carmel, IN); Gorti, Bhanuprasad Venkata (Towson, MD); McMullen, Steven Robert (Anderson, IN); Raibert, Robert Joseph (Fishers, IN)
An electrical power generation system includes a heat engine having an output member operatively coupled to the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. System output power is controlled by varying an electrical parameter of the dynamoelectric machine. A power request signal is related to an engine speed and the electrical parameter is varied in accordance with a speed control loop. Initially, the sense of change in the electrical parameter in response to a change in the power request signal is opposite that required to effectuate a steady state output power consistent with the power request signal. Thereafter, the electrical parameter is varied to converge the output member speed to the speed known to be associated with the desired electrical output power. 8 figs.
Rajashekara, K.; Gorti, B.V.; McMullen, S.R.; Raibert, R.J.
Autonomous grain combine control system
A system for controlling a grain combine having a rotor/cylinder, a sieve, a fan, a concave, a feeder, a header, an engine, and a control system. The feeder of the grain combine is engaged and the header is lowered. A separator loss target, engine load target, and a sieve loss target are selected. Grain is harvested with the lowered header passing the grain through the engaged feeder. Separator loss, sieve loss, engine load and ground speed of the grain combine are continuously monitored during the harvesting. If the monitored separator loss exceeds the selected separator loss target, the speed of the rotor/cylinder, the concave setting, the engine load target, or a combination thereof is adjusted. If the monitored sieve loss exceeds the selected sieve loss target, the speed of the fan, the size of the sieve openings, or the engine load target is adjusted.
Hoskinson, Reed L.; Kenney, Kevin L.; Lucas, James R.; Prickel, Marvin A.
Control circuit for combustion systems
A control circuit is described for gas fired burners and the like such as are employed in commercial laundry fabric ironers requiring the energization of a blower motor and the resulting opening of a gas valve and ignition of a gas burner only after an air pressure sensitive switch is actuated through the operation of the blower motor for purging the system of combustible gases.
Kamberg, E.
"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP Report.
"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP "Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP Report. Vol 7 No 8 "Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP Report. Vol 7 No 8 Featured in this month's issue of The CIP Report are Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. SCADA systems monitor and control the processes of many of our Nation's infrastructures. The security and safety of transportation, water, communications, and many other vital parts of our everyday lives all rely on SCADA systems. In this issue we look at some of the different SCADA systems and their applications. The CIP Report More Documents & Publications The CIP Report, Vol.11, No. 2 (August 2012): Smart Grid Security Introduction SCADA Security for Managers and Operators
Control system for cogenerative power plants
The paper presents a distributed control system for the realization of cogenerative supply of electricity and heat and, in given case, for their combination with waste heat recovery, particularly in combined (gas-steam) cycle industrial power plants. ... Keywords: cogenerative gas power plant, control of distributed parameter systems, distribution management system, electric power systems, optimization, process control, real time systems, simulation
Florin Hartescu
Strategic plan for infrastructure optimization
This document represents Fluor Daniel Hanford`s and DynCorp`s Tri-Cities Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 1998--2002, the road map that will guide them into the next century and their sixth year of providing safe and cost effective infrastructure services and support to the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Hanford Site. The Plan responds directly to the issues raised in the FDH/DOE Critical Self Assessment specifically: (1) a strategy in place to give DOE the management (systems) and physical infrastructure for the future; (2) dealing with the barriers that exist to making change; and (3) a plan to right-size the infrastructure and services, and reduce the cost of providing services. The Plan incorporates initiatives from several studies conducted in Fiscal Year 1997 to include: the Systems Functional Analysis, 200 Area Water Commercial Practices Plan, $ million Originated Cost Budget Achievement Plan, the 1OO Area Vacate Plan, the Railroad Shutdown Plan, as well as recommendations from the recently completed Review of Hanford Electrical Utility. These and other initiatives identified over the next five years will result in significant improvements in efficiency, allowing a greater portion of the infrastructure budget to be applied to Site cleanup. The Plan outlines a planning and management process that defines infrastructure services and structure by linking site technical base line data and customer requirements to work scope and resources. The Plan also provides a vision of where Site infrastructure is going and specific initiatives to get there.
Donley, C.D.
Infrastructure Institutional Change Principle | Department of Energy
Infrastructure Institutional Change Principle Infrastructure Institutional Change Principle Infrastructure Institutional Change Principle October 8, 2013 - 11:09am Addthis Research shows that changes in infrastructure prompt changes in behavior (for better or worse). Federal agencies can modify their infrastructure to promote sustainability-oriented behavior change, ideally in ways that make new behaviors easier and more desirable to follow than existing patterns of behavior. The physical structures, technologies, systems, and processes that constitute the infrastructure of a workplace should be aligned with sustainability goals and desired behavioral changes. For example, a rule requiring double-sided printing necessitates the availability and access to functioning duplex printers. Methods Modifying infrastructure so that it promotes sustainable behavior change is
ETTP Security Access Control System (ESACS) | Department of Energy
ETTP Security Access Control System (ESACS) ETTP Security Access Control System (ESACS) ETTP Security Access Control System (ESACS) ETTP Security Access Control System (ESACS) More...
Role Based Access Control System in the ATLAS Experiment
The complexity of the ATLAS experiment motivated the deployment of an integrated Access Control System in order to guarantee safe and optimal access for a large number of users to the various software and hardware resources. Such an integrated system was foreseen since the design of the infrastructure and is now central to the operations model. In order to cope with the ever growing needs of restricting access to all resources used within the experiment, the Roles Based Access Control (RBAC) previously developed has been extended and improved. The paper starts with a short presentation of the RBAC design, implementation and the changes made to the system to allow the management and usage of roles to control access to the vast and diverse set of resources. The paper continues with a detailed description of the integration across all areas of the system: local Linux and Windows nodes in the ATLAS Control Network (ATCN), the Linux application gateways offering remote access inside ATCN, the Windows Terminal Serv...
Valsan, M L; The ATLAS collaboration; Lehmann Miotto, G; Scannicchio, D A; Schlenker, S; Filimonov, V; Khomoutnikov, V; Dumitru, I; Zaytsev, A S; Korol, A A; Bogdantchikov, A; Avolio, G; Caramarcu, C; Ballestrero, S; Darlea, G L; Twomey, M; Bujor, F
Role Based Access Control system in the ATLAS experiment
Valsan, M L; The ATLAS collaboration; Lehmann Miotto, G; Scannicchio, D A; Schlenker, S; Filimonov, V; Khomoutnikov, V; Dumitru, I; Zaytsev, A S; Korol, A A; Bogdantchikov, A; Caramarcu, C; Ballestrero, S; Darlea, G L; Twomey, M; Bujor, F
A multivariable predictive fuzzy PID control system
In this paper, a novel multivariable predictive fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative (F-PID) control system is developed by incorporating the fuzzy and PID control approaches into the predictive control framework. The developed control system has two ... Keywords: BPTT, Control, Fuzzy, LM, Multivariable, PID, Predictive
Aydogan Savran
Engine idle speed control system
An idle speed control system is described for an internal combustion engine having a fuel delivery means for supplying fuel to the engine, the idle speed control system comprising in combination: means for controlling the fuel delivery means to supply a scheduled idle fuel quantity during a idle operating state of the engine; means for sensing the engine idle speed; integrator means responsive to the engine idle speed and a desired engine idle speed for adjusting the scheduled idle fuel quantity in direction and amount to cause correspondence between the engine idle speed and the desired engine idle speed, the integrator means adjustment being a measure of engine load conditions; and means for establishing the scheduled idle fuel quantity, the means including (A) means for establishing a family of curves as a function of the amount of integrator adjustment of the scheduled idle fuel quantity, each curve of the family of curves representing idle fuel quantity as a function of engine idle speed for a respective engine load condition, and (B) means for selecting the curve corresponding to the integrator adjustment of the scheduled idle fuel quantity and providing the scheduled fuel quantity from the selected curve in accord with the sensed engine idle speed.
Ament, F.
Uniform-Format Solid Feedstock Supply System: A Commodity-Scale Design to Produce an Infrastructure-Compatible Bulk Solid from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- Executive Summary
This report, Uniform-Format Solid Feedstock Supply System: A Commodity-Scale Design to Produce an Infrastructure-Compatible Bulk Solid from Lignocellulosic Biomass, prepared by Idaho National Laboratory (INL), acknowledges the need and provides supportive designs for an evolutionary progression from present day conventional bale-based supply systems to a uniform-format, bulk solid supply system that transitions incrementally as the industry launches and matures. These designs couple to and build from current state of technology and address science and engineering constraints that have been identified by rigorous sensitivity analyses as having the greatest impact on feedstock supply system efficiencies and costs.
J. Richard Hess; Christopher T. Wright; Kevin L. Kenney; Erin M. Searcy
Distributionally robust control of constrained stochastic systems
May 1, 2013 ... Distributionally robust control of constrained stochastic systems. Bart P.G. Van Parys (bartvan ***at*** control.ee.ethz.ch) Daniel Kuhn (d.kuhn�...
Controls, LLRF, and instrumentation systems for ILC test facilities at Fermilab
The major controls and instrumentation systems for the ILC test areas and the NML test accelerator at Fermilab are discussed. The test areas include 3 separate areas for Vertical Superconducting RF Cavity Testing, Horizontal Cavity Testing, and NML RF and beam test area. A common control infrastructure for the test areas including a controls framework, electronic logbook and cavity database will be provided, while supporting components supplied by collaborators with diverse areas of expertise (EPICS, DOOCS, LabVIEW, and Matlab). The discussions on the instrumentation systems are focused on overview and requirements.
Chase, B.; Votava, M.; Wendt, M.; /Fermilab
Improving California�s Infrastructure Services: The California Infrastructure Initiative
in the US to improve infrastructure planning, provision andtool for improving infrastructure planning, provision andBuilding Canada: Modern infrastructure for a Strong Canada (
David E. Dowall; Robin Ried
A Strategy for Infrastructure: The California Infrastructure Initiative
has an enormous backlog of infrastructure investment needs,proposed two critical infrastructure policy institutions:and the Performance- Based Infrastructure Initiative (PBI
Dowall, David E.; Ried, Robin
Sliding mode control of quantum systems
This paper proposes a new robust control method for quantum systems with uncertainties involving sliding mode control (SMC). Sliding mode control is a widely used approach in classical control theory and industrial applications. We show that SMC is also a useful method for robust control of quantum systems. In this paper, we define two specific classes of sliding modes (i.e., eigenstates and state subspaces) and propose two novel methods combining unitary control and periodic projective measurements for the design of quantum sliding mode control systems. Two examples including a two-level system and a three-level system are presented to demonstrate the proposed SMC method. One of main features of the proposed method is that the designed control laws can guarantee desired control performance in the presence of uncertainties in the system Hamiltonian. This sliding mode control approach provides a useful control theoretic tool for robust quantum information processing with uncertainties.
Daoyi Dong; Ian R. Petersen
The quantum systems control and the optimal control theory
Mathematical theory of the quantum systems control is based on some ideas of the optimal control theory. These ideas are developed here as applied to these systems. The results obtained meet the deficiencies in the basis and algorithms of the control synthesis and expand the application of these methods.
V. F. Krotov
Control rod drive hydraulic system
A hydraulic system for a control rod drive (CRD) includes a variable output-pressure CR pump operable in a charging mode for providing pressurized fluid at a charging pressure, and in a normal mode for providing the pressurized fluid at a purge pressure, less than the charging pressure. Charging and purge lines are disposed in parallel flow between the CRD pump and the CRD. A hydraulic control unit is disposed in flow communication in the charging line and includes a scram accumulator. An isolation valve is provided in the charging line between the CRD pump and the scram accumulator. A controller is operatively connected to the CRD pump and the isolation valve and is effective for opening the isolation valve and operating the CRD pump in a charging mode for charging the scram accumulator, and closing the isolation valve and operating the CRD pump in a normal mode for providing to the CRD through the purge line the pressurized fluid at a purge pressure lower than the charging pressure.
Ose, Richard A. (San Jose, CA)
Parking Infrastructure and the Environment
A B O U T how parking infrastructure affects energy demand,the extensive parking infrastructure, including the costs ofdata on parking infrastructure. For example, consider the
Chester, Mikhail; Horvath, Aprad; Madanat, Samer
Russia's sorry infrastructure
The loss of the nuclear submarine Kursk and the fire in Moscow's TV tower are indications of an infrastructure in grievous disrepair. The outlook for Russia's technological infrastructure remains grim, experts insist. Almost 70 percent of the population ...
J. Oberg
Financing infrastructure projects
Infrastructure is of great importance to the development and economic growth of communities. Due to the increased demand on sophisticated infrastructure, governments' budgets are not anymore able to satisfy this growing ...
Eid, Serge Emile
New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement
New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement Cyber Security Standards New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement Cyber Security Standards Funded under the Department of Energy's National SCADA Test Bed Program, Sandia National Laboratories recently released a new software tool that will aid energy utility owners in mapping and visualizing their control system networks-a critical first step in meeting the North American Electric Reliability Corporation's Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC CIP) standards. New No-Cost ANTFARM Tool Maps Control System Networks to Help Implement Cyber Security Standards More Documents & Publications Advanced Network Toolkit for Assessments and Remote Mapping (ANTFARM)
Biofuel Supply Chain Infrastructure
Research Areas Freight Flows Passenger Flows Supply Chain Efficiency Transportation: Energy Environment Safety Security Vehicle Technologies The Infrastructure Challenge of...
Adaptive control of Unmanned Aerial Systems
Adaptive control is considered to be one of the key enabling technologies for future high-performance, safety-critical systems such as air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Adaptive flight control systems offer improved ...
Dydek, Zachary Thompson
The design of the control system for the steam plant to be used with the SRE is given. Operation of the system is discussed. (C.J.G.)
Hall, R.J.; Bilbao, E.D.; Young, E.
Mechanical Systems & Controls Group Staff Directory
Mechanical Systems and Controls Group Staff. Staff Listing. Steven T. Bushby, Leader, Supervisory Electronics Engineer, 301-975-5873. ...
Entegra Infrastructure Ltd formerly Induj Enertech | Open Energy
Entegra Infrastructure Ltd formerly Induj Enertech Entegra Infrastructure Ltd formerly Induj Enertech Jump to: navigation, search Name Entegra Infrastructure Ltd (formerly Induj Enertech) Place Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Zip 400 093 Sector Solar Product Project developer of energy projects in India and worldwide, distributor of EDIG solar thermal power systems. Coordinates 19.076191°, 72.875877° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":19.076191,"lon":72.875877,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Protecting Accelerator Control Systems in the Face of Sophisticated Cyber Attacks
Cyber security for industrial control systems has received significant attention in the past two years. The news coverage of the Stuxnet attack, believed to be targeted at the control system for a uranium enrichment plant, brought the issue to the attention of news media and policy makers. This has led to increased scrutiny of control systems for critical infrastructure such as power generation and distribution, and industrial systems such as chemical plants and petroleum refineries. The past two years have also seen targeted network attacks aimed at corporate and government entities including US Department of Energy National Laboratories. Both of these developments have potential repercussions for the control systems of particle accelerators. The need to balance risks from potential attacks with the operational needs of an accelerator present a unique challenge for the system architecture and access model.
Hartman, Steven M [ORNL
Control system for Kaplan hydro-turbine
In hydro power plants from Romania, there is a major interest for the implementation of digital systems for monitoring and control to replace the conventional control systems for power, frequency and voltage. Therefore is necessary to develop mathematical ... Keywords: Kaplan turbine, control system, turbine model
Matei Vinatoru; Eugen Iancu; Camelia Maican; Gabriela Canureci
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system for the HIE-ISOLDE infrastructure
A Mathematical Framework for the Analysis of Cyber-Resilient Control Systems
The increasingly recognized vulnerability of industrial control systems to cyber-attacks has inspired a considerable amount of research into techniques for cyber-resilient control systems. The majority of this effort involves the application of well known information security (IT) techniques to control system networks. While these efforts are important to protect the control systems that operate critical infrastructure, they are never perfectly effective. Little research has focused on the design of closed-loop dynamics that are resilient to cyber-attack. The majority of control system protection measures are concerned with how to prevent unauthorized access and protect data integrity. We believe that the ability to analyze how an attacker can effect the closed loop dynamics of a control system configuration once they have access is just as important to the overall security of a control system. To begin to analyze this problem, consistent mathematical definitions of concepts within resilient control need to be established so that a mathematical analysis of the vulnerabilities and resiliencies of a particular control system design methodology and configuration can be made. In this paper, we propose rigorous definitions for state awareness, operational normalcy, and resiliency as they relate to control systems. We will also discuss some mathematical consequences that arise from the proposed definitions. The goal is to begin to develop a mathematical framework and testable conditions for resiliency that can be used to build a sound theoretical foundation for resilient control research.
Melin, Alexander M [ORNL; Ferragut, Erik M [ORNL; Laska, Jason A [ORNL; Fugate, David L [ORNL; Kisner, Roger [ORNL
Fuzzy logic control and optimization system
A control system (300) for optimizing a power plant includes a chemical loop having an input for receiving an input signal (369) and an output for outputting an output signal (367), and a hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) operably connected to the chemical loop. The hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) includes a plurality of fuzzy controllers (330). The hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) receives the output signal (367), optimizes the input signal (369) based on the received output signal (367), and outputs an optimized input signal (369) to the input of the chemical loop to control a process of the chemical loop in an optimized manner.
Lou, Xinsheng (West Hartford, CT)
Public Works Transportation Infrastructure Study
Public Works Transportation Infrastructure Study Minneapolis City of Lakes Minneapolis Public Works Transportation Infrastructure Study #12;Public Works Transportation Infrastructure Study Minneapolis City Works Transportation Infrastructure Study Minneapolis City of Lakes Background: · Currently, funding
Minnesota, University of
Control Systems Security News Archive | Department of Energy
Delivery Systems Cybersecurity Control Systems Security News Archive Control Systems Security News Archive Control Systems Security News Archive September 2010 - Secretary Chu...
Africa's Transport Infrastructure Mainstreaming Maintenance and
Africa's Transport Infrastructure Mainstreaming Maintenance and Africa's Transport Infrastructure Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Africa's Transport Infrastructure Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Complexity/Ease of Use: Not Available Website: www.infrastructureafrica.org/system/files/Africa%27s%20Transport%20Inf Transport Toolkit Region(s): Africa & Middle East Related Tools The BEST Experiences with Bioethanol Buses The Sourcebook on Sustainable Urban Transport Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center ... further results Find Another Tool FIND TRANSPORTATION TOOLS Transport infrastructure is a key requirement for economic growth. In Africa today, networks are sparse, conditions poor, transit slow and
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Security Objects
With the widespread deployment of large-scale Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems, utilities must address the task of managing the alarms and events that are generated by the meters. However, AMI systems do not easily integrate into Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) due to the fact that AMI vendors do not use standard data objects for representing the alarms and events that are generated by the meters. This project addresses ...
Parallel digital forensics infrastructure.
This report documents the architecture and implementation of a Parallel Digital Forensics infrastructure. This infrastructure is necessary for supporting the design, implementation, and testing of new classes of parallel digital forensics tools. Digital Forensics has become extremely difficult with data sets of one terabyte and larger. The only way to overcome the processing time of these large sets is to identify and develop new parallel algorithms for performing the analysis. To support algorithm research, a flexible base infrastructure is required. A candidate architecture for this base infrastructure was designed, instantiated, and tested by this project, in collaboration with New Mexico Tech. Previous infrastructures were not designed and built specifically for the development and testing of parallel algorithms. With the size of forensics data sets only expected to increase significantly, this type of infrastructure support is necessary for continued research in parallel digital forensics. This report documents the implementation of the parallel digital forensics (PDF) infrastructure architecture and implementation.
Liebrock, Lorie M. (New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM); Duggan, David Patrick
ICME Infrastructure Challenges and Opportunities
... industrial-standard, robust infrastructure. Challenges and opportunities relative to an ICME infrastructure will be presented. Proceedings Inclusion? Undecided�...
Fluxnet Synthesis Dataset Collaboration Infrastructure
Dataset Collaboration Infrastructure Deb Agarwal (LBNL),for the support infrastructure. As a result of this effort,
Agarwal, Deborah A.
Control Systems Security Standards: Accomplishments And Impacts |
Control Systems Security Standards: Accomplishments And Impacts Control Systems Security Standards: Accomplishments And Impacts Control Systems Security Standards: Accomplishments And Impacts This report describes the accomplishments and impacts of the standards team towards achieving these three goals and describes the follow-on efforts that need to be made toward meeting the priority strategies defined in the DOE/DHS Roadmap to Secure Control Systems in the Energy Sector. Control Systems Security Standards: Accomplishments & Impacts More Documents & Publications A Summary of Control System Security Standards Activities in the Energy Sector (October 2005) Roadmap to Secure Control Systems in the Energy Sector 2006 - Presentation to the 2008 ieRoadmap Workshop DOE/OE National SCADA Test Bed Fiscal Year 2009 Work Plan
DIII-D cryogenics control system status
The DIII-D cryogenics system provides liquid helium for various auxiliary systems at the DIII-D tokamak facility. The system described here executes control and supervision of the cryogenics plant and associated load systems which include four neutral beam injectors, superconducting magnets, and an in-vessel tokamak cryocondensation pump. The recent addition of this divertor cryopump represented a major increase in the scope of the control system and greater need for reliable and automatic operation. The pump must be precooled, cooled and regenerated in a relatively short period of time under automatic control. Since the pump is located in the tokamak primary vacuum, coordination with the machine vacuum control system and consideration for the requirements of physics operations and vessel wall conditioning are required. A programmable logic controller is the central element in the cryogenics control system and exercises direct or supervisory control over the liquefier, gas management and loads. In the time since the control system was built during 1989, additions and improvements have been made to simplify operation and support upgrades. Cryogenics system capacity has been upgraded by the purchase of a new 150 {ell}/hr helium liquefier, a second 400 hp helium compressor and additional gas storage. The new liquefier incorporates a controller of its own which exchanges information with the cryogenics control system. This independent controller relieved the main system of liquefier process control tasks but necessitates much finer control of the system high and low pressures. The control system upgrades and automation are discussed with emphasis on the divertor cryocondensation pump control.
Campbell, G.L.; Harris, J.J.; Schaubel, K.M.
Control of non-controllable quantum systems: A quantum control algorithm based on Grover iteration
A new notion of controllability, eigenstate controllability, is defined for finite-dimensional bilinear quantum mechanical systems which are neither strongly completely controllably nor completely controllable. And a quantum control algorithm based on Grover iteration is designed to perform a quantum control task of steering a system, which is eigenstate controllable but may not be (strongly) completely controllable, from an arbitrary state to a target state.
Chen-Bin Zhang; Dao-Yi Dong; Zong-Hai Chen
Indirect control of quantum system via accessor: pure coherent control without system excitation
A pure indirect control of quantum systems via quantum accessor is investigated. In this control scheme, we do not apply any external classical excitation fields on the controlled system and we control a quantum system via a quantum accessor and classical control fields control the accessor only. Complete controllability is investigated for arbitrary finite dimensional quantum systems and exemplified by 2 and 3 dimensional systems. The scheme exhibits some advantages; it uses less qubits in accessor and does not depend on the energy-level structure of the controlled system.
H. C. Fu; Hui Dong; X. F. Liu; C. P. Sun
Applied Cyber Security and the Smart Grid: Implementing Security Controls into the Modern Power Infrastructure, 1st edition
Many people think of the Smart Grid as a power distribution group built on advanced smart metering-but that's just one aspect of a much larger and more complex system. The "Smart Grid" requires new technologies throughout energy generation, transmission ...
Eric D. Knapp, Raj Samani
A multiprogramming system for process control
This paper describes an operational small computer multiprogramming system developed for the control of the Stanford Two Mile Linear Accelerator (SLAC). The system has many features of larger systems such as dynamic memory allocation and interprocess ...
Sam Howry
US-CERT Control System Center Input/Output (I/O) Conceputal Design
This document was prepared for the US-CERT Control Systems Center of the National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS has been tasked under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to coordinate the overall national effort to enhance the protection of the national critical infrastructure. Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-7 directs the federal departments to identify and prioritize critical infrastructure and protect it from terrorist attack. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security was prepared by the NCSD to address the control system security component addressed in the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace and the National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security identified five high-level strategic goals for improving cyber security of control systems; the I/O upgrade described in this document supports these goals. The vulnerability assessment Test Bed, located in the Information Operations Research Center (IORC) facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), consists of a cyber test facility integrated with multiple test beds that simulate the nation's critical infrastructure. The fundamental mission of the Test Bed is to provide industry owner/operators, system vendors, and multi-agency partners of the INL National Security Division a platform for vulnerability assessments of control systems. The Input/Output (I/O) upgrade to the Test Bed (see Work Package 3.1 of the FY-05 Annual Work Plan) will provide for the expansion of assessment capabilities within the IORC facility. It will also provide capabilities to connect test beds within the Test Range and other Laboratory resources. This will allow real time I/O data input and communication channels for full replications of control systems (Process Control Systems [PCS], Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems [SCADA], and components). This will be accomplished through the design and implementation of a modular infrastructure of control system, communications, networking, computing and associated equipment, and measurement/control devices. The architecture upgrade will provide a flexible patching system providing a quick ''plug and play''configuration through various communication paths to gain access to live I/O running over specific protocols. This will allow for in-depth assessments of control systems in a true-to-life environment. The full I/O upgrade will be completed through a two-phased approach. Phase I, funded by DHS, expands the capabilities of the Test Bed by developing an operational control system in two functional areas, the Science & Technology Applications Research (STAR) Facility and the expansion of various portions of the Test Bed. Phase II (see Appendix A), funded by other programs, will complete the full I/O upgrade to the facility.
Critical infrastructure protection: The vulnerability conundrum
Critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) refer to a broad array of assets which are essential to the everyday functionality of social, economic, political and cultural systems in the United States. The interruption of CIKR poses significant threats ... Keywords: Critical infrastructure, Fortification, Interdiction, Policy, Protection, Strategies, Vulnerability
Alan T. Murray; Tony H. Grubesic
California Hydrogen Infrastructure Project
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. has completed a comprehensive, multiyear project to demonstrate a hydrogen infrastructure in California. The specific primary objective of the project was to demonstrate a model of a �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?real-world�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�? retail hydrogen infrastructure and acquire sufficient data within the project to assess the feasibility of achieving the nation�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s hydrogen infrastructure goals. The project helped to advance hydrogen station technology, including the vehicle-to-station fueling interface, through consumer experiences and feedback. By encompassing a variety of fuel cell vehicles, customer profiles and fueling experiences, this project was able to obtain a complete portrait of real market needs. The project also opened its stations to other qualified vehicle providers at the appropriate time to promote widespread use and gain even broader public understanding of a hydrogen infrastructure. The project engaged major energy companies to provide a fueling experience similar to traditional gasoline station sites to foster public acceptance of hydrogen. Work over the course of the project was focused in multiple areas. With respect to the equipment needed, technical design specifications (including both safety and operational considerations) were written, reviewed, and finalized. After finalizing individual equipment designs, complete station designs were started including process flow diagrams and systems safety reviews. Material quotes were obtained, and in some cases, depending on the project status and the lead time, equipment was placed on order and fabrication began. Consideration was given for expected vehicle usage and station capacity, standard features needed, and the ability to upgrade the station at a later date. In parallel with work on the equipment, discussions were started with various vehicle manufacturers to identify vehicle demand (short- and long-term needs). Discussions included identifying potential areas most suited for hydrogen fueling stations with a focus on safe, convenient, fast-fills. These potential areas were then compared to and overlaid with suitable sites from various energy companies and other potential station operators. Work continues to match vehicle needs with suitable fueling station locations. Once a specific site was identified, the necessary agreements could be completed with the station operator and expected station users. Detailed work could then begin on the site drawings, permits, safety procedures and training needs. Permanent stations were successfully installed in Irvine (delivered liquid hydrogen), Torrance (delivered pipeline hydrogen) and Fountain Valley (renewable hydrogen from anaerobic digester gas). Mobile fueling stations were also deployed to meet short-term fueling needs in Long Beach and Placerville. Once these stations were brought online, infrastructure data was collected and reported to DOE using Air Products�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�? Enterprise Remote Access Monitoring system. Feedback from station operators was incorporated to improve the station user�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s fueling experience.
Edward C. Heydorn
Guidelines for Prioritizing Inspections of Aging Plant Infrastructure
This report outlines an approach that utilities can employ when prioritizing the inspections and testing of infrastructure at fossil power plants. The equipment and systems considered in this report include cabling, piping, tanks, building structures, chimneys, railways, and related infrastructure. The report also provides information on assessment methods suitable for evaluating these infrastructure systems.
Cybersecurity through Real-Time Distributed Control Systems
Critical infrastructure sites and facilities are becoming increasingly dependent on interconnected physical and cyber-based real-time distributed control systems (RTDCSs). A mounting cybersecurity threat results from the nature of these ubiquitous and sometimes unrestrained communications interconnections. Much work is under way in numerous organizations to characterize the cyber threat, determine means to minimize risk, and develop mitigation strategies to address potential consequences. While it seems natural that a simple application of cyber-protection methods derived from corporate business information technology (IT) domain would lead to an acceptable solution, the reality is that the characteristics of RTDCSs make many of those methods inadequate and unsatisfactory or even harmful. A solution lies in developing a defense-in-depth approach that ranges from protection at communications interconnect levels ultimately to the control system s functional characteristics that are designed to maintain control in the face of malicious intrusion. This paper summarizes the nature of RTDCSs from a cybersecurity perspec tive and discusses issues, vulnerabilities, candidate mitigation approaches, and metrics.
Kisner, Roger A [ORNL; Manges, Wayne W [ORNL; MacIntyre, Lawrence Paul [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL; Munro Jr, John K [ORNL; Ewing, Paul D [ORNL; Howlader, Mostofa [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Wallace, Richard M [ORNL; Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL
An Industrial Control System for the Supervision of the CERN Electrical Distribution Network
CERN operates a large distribution network for the supply of electricity to the particle accelerators, experiments and the associated infrastructure. The distribution network operates on voltage levels from 400 V to 400 kV with a total yearly consumption of near to 1000 GWh. In the past, the laboratory has developed an in-house control system for this network, using the technologies applied to the accelerator control system. However, CERN is now working on a project to purchase, configure and install an industrial Electrical Network Supervisor (ENS). This is a state-of-the-art industrial control system completely developed and supported by an external contractor. The system - based on a scalable and distributed architecture - will allow the installation to be performed gradually, and will be tested while the existing system is fully operational. Ultimately, the complete electrical distribution network will be supervised with this new system, the maintenance and further development of which will be the complet...
Poulsen, S
The geography of strategy : an exploration of alternative frameworks for transportation infrastructure strategy development
This thesis introduces the notion of a strategy development framework for transportation infrastructure systems. A strategy development framework has several dimensions: the organizations that own.infrastructure, the ...
Dunn, Travis P
A nuclear reactor control rod mechanism is designed which mechanically moves the control rods into and out of the core under normal conditions but rapidly forces the control rods into the core by catapultic action in the event of an emergency. (AEC)
Miller, G.
Control system for solar heating and cooling
A control system is being developed that will be capable of operating solar heating and cooling systems covering a wide range of configurations, and using different operating strategies that may be optimal for different climatic regions. To insure widespread applicability of the control system, it is being designed to allow for modification for operating with essentially all practical heating and cooling system configurations and control algorithms simply by interchange of replaceable modules in the circuitry. An experimental heating and cooling system, the main purpose of which is to allow testing and exercise of the controller, was designed so that it could be operated in these various configurations.
Wahlig, M.; Binnall, E.; Dols, C.; Graven, R.; Selph, F.; Shaw, R.; Simmons, M.
A structure for monitoring the structural continuity of a control rod foi a neutron reactor is presented. A electric conductor readily breakable under mechanical stress is fastened along the length of the control rod at a plurality of positions and forms a closed circuit with remote electrical components responsive to an open circuit. A portion of the conductor between the control rod and said components is helically wound to allow free and normally unrestricted movement of the segment of conductor secured to the control rod relative to the remote components. Any break in the circuit is indicative of control rod breakage. (AEC)
Paget, J.A.
The purpose of this document is to develop preliminary high-level functional and physical control system architectures for the proposed subsurface repository at Yucca Mountain. This document outlines overall control system concepts that encompass and integrate the many diverse systems being considered for use within the subsurface repository. This document presents integrated design concepts for monitoring and controlling the diverse set of subsurface operations. The subsurface repository design will be composed of a series of diverse systems that will be integrated to accomplish a set of overall functions and objectives. The subsurface repository contains several Instrumentation and Control (I&C) related systems including: waste emplacement systems, ventilation systems, communication systems, radiation monitoring systems, rail transportation systems, ground control monitoring systems, utility monitoring systems (electrical, lighting, water, compressed air, etc.), fire detection and protection systems, retrieval systems, and performance confirmation systems. Each of these systems involve some level of I&C and will typically be integrated over a data communication network. The subsurface I&C systems will also integrate with multiple surface-based site-wide systems such as emergency response, health physics, security and safeguards, communications, utilities and others. The scope and primary objectives of this analysis are to: (1) Identify preliminary system level functions and interface needs (Presented in the functional diagrams in Section 7.2). (2) Examine the overall system complexity and determine how and on what levels these control systems will be controlled and integrated (Presented in Section 7.2). (3) Develop a preliminary subsurface facility-wide design for an overall control system architecture, and depict this design by a series of control system functional block diagrams (Presented in Section 7.2). (4) Develop a series of physical architectures that present preliminary concepts for integrating the diverse set of control systems to be used within the subsurface repository facility (Presented in Section 7.3). (5) Develop initial concepts for an overall subsurface data communication system that can be used to integrate critical and data-intensive control systems (Presented in Section 7.4). (6) Discuss technology trends and control system design issues (Presented in Section 7.5).
C.J. Fernado
Energy-saving lighting control technologies are valuable tools for reducing the amount of electricity required to deliver sufficient light levels to consumers. Many new lighting controls have been developed in recent years which provide users with a wide variety of features past ON and OFF switching. Such features include but are not limited to: scheduled dimming, lumen sensing, wireless control, demand response, color temperature adjustment, and bi-level dimming.� These features provide ...
Development of lighting control technologies continues at rapid rates in efforts to reduce energy usage and improve quality of light and color. Utilities, efficiency engineers, and end users should be aware of emissions and immunity performance of a lighting device before it is accepted for use in incentive and rebate programs prior to deployment in customer facilities. Continuing its efforts in evaluating new lighting control technologies, EPRI, within its Program 170, has tested four lighting control p...
Analytic Controllability of Time-Dependent Quantum Control Systems
The question of controllability is investigated for a quantum control system in which the Hamiltonian operator components carry explicit time dependence which is not under the control of an external agent. We consider the general situation in which the state moves in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, a drift term is present, and the operators driving the state evolution may be unbounded. However, considerations are restricted by the assumption that there exists an analytic domain, dense in the state space, on which solutions of the controlled Schrodinger equation may be expressed globally in exponential form. The issue of controllability then naturally focuses on the ability to steer the quantum state on a finite-dimensional submanifold of the unit sphere in Hilbert space -- and thus on analytic controllability. A relatively straightforward strategy allows the extension of Lie-algebraic conditions for strong analytic controllability derived earlier for the simpler, time-independent system in which the drift Hamiltonian and the interaction Hamiltonia have no intrinsic time dependence. Enlarging the state space by one dimension corresponding to the time variable, we construct an augmented control system that can be treated as time-independent. Methods developed by Kunita can then be implemented to establish controllability conditions for the one-dimension-reduced system defined by the original time-dependent Schrodinger control problem. The applicability of the resulting theorem is illustrated with selected examples.
Adding PCs to SLC Control System
The SLAC Controls Department has interfaced IBM-Compatible PCs to the SLC Control System, for use by the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) experimenters, who are building new accelerator equipment and developing and testing it at their home institutions. They will bring the equipment to SLAC and integrate it into the control system using a new software package. The machine physicists and operators will use the existing SLC control system applications and database device types to control and monitor the equipment. The PCs support a limited control environment: they run DOS and exchange messages with the existing control system via TCP/IP over ethernet, using the new SLC Area Message Service. This mechanism will also allow SLC to implement other commercial device controllers that can communicate over ethernet and run the same software interface code.
Lahey, T.; Levitt, S.; MacKenzie, R.; Spencer, N.; Underwood, K.
Controlling Multiparticle System on a Line. I
We study a classical multiparticle system (such as Toda lattice) whose dynamics we intend to control by forces applied to few particles of the system. Various problem settings, typical for control theory are posed for this model; among those: studying accessibility and controllability properties, structure properties and feedback linearization of respective control system, time-optimal relocation of particles. We obtain complete or partial answers to the posed questions; criteria and methods of geometric control theory are employed. In the present part I we consider nonperiodic multiparticle system. In the forthcoming Part II we address controllability issue for multiparticle system subject to periodic boundary conditions. That study would require an extension and refinement of known methods of geometric control.
Andrey Sarychev
A New Digital Lighting Control System
A New Digital Lighting Control System A New Digital Lighting Control System Speaker(s): Charles Knuffke Date: June 29, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Francis Rubinstein When various Lighting Controls components are discussed, they're usually slotted into separate "silos" - Occupancy Sensors, Relay Panels, Dimming Controls, and Daylighting Controls. Trying to combine two or more of these into a single system usually requires a fair amount of technical expertise and often help from different manufacturers. Combine that with the need under LEED to get these systems commissioned, often without detailed sequence of operation information, and that helps to explains why many view Lighting Controls as overly complex. And try to integrate the Lighting Controls into a larger overall building management system so their
Safe controllers design for industrial automation systems
The design of safe industrial controllers is one of the most important domains related to Automation Systems research. To support it, synthesis and analysis techniques are available. Among the analysis techniques, two of the most important are Simulation ... Keywords: Formal verification, Industrial systems behaviour modelling, Real-time systems, Safe controllers, Simulation
Jos� Machado; Eurico Seabra; Jos� C. Campos; Filomena Soares; Celina P. Le�o
Secure Data Transfer Guidance for Industrial Control and SCADA Systems
This document was developed to provide guidance for the implementation of secure data transfer in a complex computational infrastructure representative of the electric power and oil and natural gas enterprises and the control systems they implement. For the past 20 years the cyber security community has focused on preventative measures intended to keep systems secure by providing a hard outer shell that is difficult to penetrate. Over time, the hard exterior, soft interior focus changed to focus on defense-in-depth adding multiple layers of protection, introducing intrusion detection systems, more effective incident response and cleanup, and many other security measures. Despite much larger expenditures and more layers of defense, successful attacks have only increased in number and severity. Consequently, it is time to re-focus the conventional approach to cyber security. While it is still important to implement measures to keep intruders out, a new protection paradigm is warranted that is aimed at discovering attempted or real compromises as early as possible. Put simply, organizations should take as fact that they have been, are now, or will be compromised. These compromises may be intended to steal information for financial gain as in the theft of intellectual property or credentials that lead to the theft of financial resources, or to lie silent until instructed to cause physical or electronic damage and/or denial of services. This change in outlook has been recently confirmed by the National Security Agency [19]. The discovery of attempted and actual compromises requires an increased focus on monitoring events by manual and/or automated log monitoring, detecting unauthorized changes to a system's hardware and/or software, detecting intrusions, and/or discovering the exfiltration of sensitive information and/or attempts to send inappropriate commands to ICS/SCADA (Industrial Control System/Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems.
Mahan, Robert E.; Fluckiger, Jerry D.; Clements, Samuel L.; Tews, Cody W.; Burnette, John R.; Goranson, Craig A.; Kirkham, Harold
National Infrastructure Protection Plan
Infrastructure Infrastructure Protection Plan 2006 Preface Preface i The ability to protect the critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) of the United States is vital to our national security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life. U.S. policy focuses on the importance of enhancing CI/KR protection to ensure that essential governmental missions, public services, and economic functions are maintained in the event of a
Energy Transmission and Infrastructure
The objective of Energy Transmission and Infrastructure Northern Ohio (OH) was to lay the conceptual and analytical foundation for an energy economy in northern Ohio that will: � improve the efficiency with which energy is used in the residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and transportation sectors for Oberlin, Ohio as a district-wide model for Congressional District OH-09; � identify the potential to deploy wind and solar technologies and the most effective configuration for the regional energy system (i.e., the ratio of distributed or centralized power generation); � analyze the potential within the district to utilize farm wastes to produce biofuels; � enhance long-term energy security by identifying ways to deploy local resources and building Ohio-based enterprises; � identify the policy, regulatory, and financial barriers impeding development of a new energy system; and � improve energy infrastructure within Congressional District OH-09. This objective of laying the foundation for a renewable energy system in Ohio was achieved through four primary areas of activity: 1. district-wide energy infrastructure assessments and alternative-energy transmission studies; 2. energy infrastructure improvement projects undertaken by American Municipal Power (AMP) affiliates in the northern Ohio communities of Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; 3. Oberlin, OH-area energy assessment initiatives; and 4. a district-wide conference held in September 2011 to disseminate year-one findings. The grant supported 17 research studies by leading energy, policy, and financial specialists, including studies on: current energy use in the district and the Oberlin area; regional potential for energy generation from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and farm-waste; energy and transportation strategies for transitioning the City of Oberlin entirely to renewable resources and considering pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transportation as well as drivers in developing transportation policies; energy audits and efficiency studies for Oberlin-area businesses and Oberlin College; identification of barriers to residential energy efficiency and development of programming to remove these barriers; mapping of the solar-photovoltaic and wind-energy supply chains in northwest Ohio; and opportunities for vehicle sharing and collaboration among the ten organizations in Lorain County from the private, government, non-profit, and educational sectors. With non-grant funds, organizations have begun or completed projects that drew on the findings of the studies, including: creation of a residential energy-efficiency program for the Oberlin community; installation of energy-efficient lighting in Oberlin College facilities; and development by the City of Oberlin and Oberlin College of a 2.27 megawatt solar photovoltaic facility that is expected to produce 3,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy annually, 12% of the College�s yearly power needs. Implementation of these and other projects is evidence of the economic feasibility and technical effectiveness of grant-supported studies, and additional projects are expected to advance to implementation in the coming years. The public has benefited through improved energydelivery systems and reduced energy use for street lighting in Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; new opportunities for assistance and incentives for residential energy efficiency in the Oberlin community; new opportunities for financial and energy savings through vehicle collaboration within Lorain County; and decreased reliance on fossil fuels and expanded production of renewable energy in the region. The dissemination conference and the summary report developed for the conference also benefited the public, but making the findings and recommendations of the regional studies broadly available to elected officials, city managers, educators, representatives of the private sector, and the general public.
Mathison, Jane
Infrastructure Operation Report
e-Infrastructures for scientific communitiesD4Science � No. 212488 www.d4science.eu DOCUMENT INFORMATION Project Project acronym: Project full title:
Dsa. B; Pedro Andrade; Pedro Andrade; Pasquale Pagano; Andrea Manieri
Physical Infrastructure: Connections
... Due to years of limited investment and maintenance, the US transportation infrastructure network (including approximately 6.5 million kilometers of ...
Hydrogen Transition Infrastructure Analysis
Presentation for the 2005 U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program review analyzes the hydrogen infrastructure needed to accommodate a transitional hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demand.
Melendez, M.; Milbrandt, A.
A MICROCOMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SUPERHILAC THIRD�-��--A MICROCOMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SUPERHILAC 'L. J. Besse** Abstract A new control system using the latest
Lancaster, H.D.
Control system for wind-powered generators
In a system of wind-powered generators, a reliable yet inexpensive control system is desirable. Such a system would be completely automatic so it could be left unattended for long periods. It would respond to electrical representations of data such as bearing temperature, vibration, wind velocity, turbine velocity, torque, or any other pertinent data. It would respond by starting or stopping the turbine, controlling the loading, or sounding an alarm. A microprocessor-based controller capable of these functions is described.
Kroth, G.J.
New User Interface Capabilities for Control Systems
Latest technologies promise new control system User Interface (UI) features and greater interoperability of applications. New developments using Java and Eclipse aim to unify diverse control systems and make communication between applications seamless. Web based user interfaces can improve portability and remote access. Modern programming tools improve efficiency, support testing and facilitate shared code. This paper will discuss new developments aimed at improving control system interfaces and their development environment.
Kasemir, Kay [ORNL
Control system for heat exchangers fans in a refrigeration system
The paper presents a method for controlling evaporator and condenser fans in a refrigeration system. The refrigeration system includes a refrigerant circuit defined by a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The system includes ... Keywords: controlling, fan, refrigeration system, variable frequency drive unit
Cristian Iosifescu; Valeriu Damian; C?lin Ciufudean
Control system for fluid heated steam generator
A control system for controlling the location of the nucleate-boiling region in a fluid heated steam generator comprises means for measuring the temperature gradient (change in temperature per unit length) of the heating fluid along the steam generator; means for determining a control variable in accordance with a predetermined function of temperature gradients and for generating a control signal in response thereto; and means for adjusting the feedwater flow rate in accordance with the control signal.
Boland, James F. (Bonneville County, ID); Koenig, John F. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Boland, J.F.; Koenig, J.F.
R&D ERL: Controls System
This paper examines the equipment and software from which the controls system interface for the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) will be implemented at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Hoff, L.; Jamilkowski, J.
security efforts by establishing the national SCADA test bed program INL [INL/EXT- 05-00671, Idaho National Laboratory. US-CERT [2008], Control Systems Security
Network aspects of the Fermilab control system
The control system of the Fermi National Accelerator is a heavily computerized network of distributed processors. One part of the control system includes a multidrop network of eleven Lockheed MAC-16 processors, a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer, a Xerox 530, and a Control Data 6600 system. These computers exchange information using serial hardware and dedicated cable buses. The individual functions of the central processing units in this network, the message protocols for computer communications, and design guidelines for future distributed processing control systems are discussed.
Barton, H.R. Jr.
Advanced nonlinear control of complex power systems.
??Nowadays, advanced controller design is called upon to guarantee the secure and reliable operation of power systems. To meet this requirement, this work proposed three� (more)
Li, Hong Yin.
Wireless Demand Response Controls for HVAC Systems
Response Controls for HVAC Systems Clifford Federspiel,tests. Figure 5: Specific HVAC electric power consumptioncontrol, demand response, HVAC, wireless Executive Summary
Federspiel, Clifford
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR HEATING and COOLING
Meeting, Los Angeles, California, July 28 - August 1, 1975),Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of CaliforniaBerkeley, California 94720 August 1975 A control system is
Dols, C.
The MedAustron Accelerator Control System
This paper presents the architecture and design of the MedAustron accelerator control system. This ion therapy and research facility is currently under construction in Wr. Neustadt, Austria. The accelerator and its control system are designed at CERN. This class of machine is characterized by rich sets of configuration data, real-time reconfiguration needs and high stability requirements. The machine is operated according to a pulse-to-pulse modulation scheme. Each beam cycle is described in terms of ion type, energy, beam dimensions, intensity and spill length. The control system is based on a multi-tier architecture with the aim to achieve a clear separation between front-end devices and their controllers. In-house developments cover a main timing system, a light-weight layer to standardize operation and communication of front-end controllers, fast and slow control of power converters and a procedure programming framework for automating high-level control and data analysis tasks.
Gutleber, J; Marchhart, M; Torcato de Matos, C; Dedic, J; Moser, R
Laser Inertial Fusion Energy Control Systems
A Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) facility point design is being developed at LLNL to support an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) based energy concept. This will build upon the technical foundation of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest and most energetic laser system. NIF is designed to compress fusion targets to conditions required for thermonuclear burn. The LIFE control systems will have an architecture partitioned by sub-systems and distributed among over 1000's of front-end processors, embedded controllers and supervisory servers. LIFE's automated control subsystems will require interoperation between different languages and target architectures. Much of the control system will be embedded into the subsystem with well defined interface and performance requirements to the supervisory control layer. An automation framework will be used to orchestrate and automate start-up and shut-down as well as steady state operation. The LIFE control system will be a high parallel segmented architecture. For example, the laser system consists of 384 identical laser beamlines in a 'box'. The control system will mirror this architectural replication for each beamline with straightforward high-level interface for control and status monitoring. Key technical challenges will be discussed such as the injected target tracking and laser pointing feedback. This talk discusses the the plan for controls and information systems to support LIFE.
Marshall, C; Carey, R; Demaret, R; Edwards, O; Lagin, L; Van Arsdall, P
Window Signaling Systems: Control Strategies & Occupant Behavior
and L.M Parkins. 1984. �Window-Opening Behavior in OfficeOccupant Response to Window Control Signaling Systems," CBEDaly, A. 2002. �Operable windows and HVAC systems. � HPAC
Ackerly, Katie; Brager, Gail
Fuzzy architecture assessment for critical infrastructure resilience
This paper presents an approach for the selection of alternative architectures in a connected infrastructure system to increase resilience of the overall infrastructure system. The paper begins with a description of resilience and critical infrastructure, then summarizes existing approaches to resilience, and presents a fuzzy-rule based method of selecting among alternative infrastructure architectures. This methodology includes considerations which are most important when deciding on an approach to resilience. The paper concludes with a proposed approach which builds on existing resilience architecting methods by integrating key system aspects using fuzzy memberships and fuzzy rule sets. This novel approach aids the systems architect in considering resilience for the evaluation of architectures for adoption into the final system architecture.
Muller, George
Transport control in deterministic ratchet system
We study the control of transport properties in a deterministic inertia ratchet system via the extended delay feedback method. A chaotic current of a deterministic inertia ratchet system is controlled to a regular current by stabilizing unstable periodic orbits embedded in a chaotic attractor of the unperturbed system. By selecting an unstable periodic orbit, which has a desired transport property, and stabilizing it via the extended delay feedback method, we can control transport properties of the deterministic inertia ratchet system. Also, we show that the extended delay feedback method can be utilized for separation of particles in the deterministic inertia ratchet system as a particle's initial condition varies.
Woo-Sik Son; Jung-Wan Ryu; Dong-Uk Hwang; Soo-Young Lee; Young-Jai Park; Chil-Min Kim
Portable, remote environmental control system
A portable thermostat is coupled to the control unit of a heating or cooling device through a radio link. The RF signal transmitted by the thermostat is encoded and then decoded by the control unit in order to prevent interference with other similar devices. In order to maximize the life of a battery powering the thermostat, the thermostat calls for the energization of a heating or cooling device by transmitting the RF signal at widely spaced intervals. The heating or cooling device is energized by shunting a pair of terminals, thereby completing an AC control loop. The unit applies the terminals to a storage copacitor during a small portion of each EC cycle to power the control unit while shunting the terminals during the remaining part of the cycle.
Cherry, R.L.; Maes, R.P.; Pfeiffer, G.F.
Defending Critical Infrastructure
We apply new bilevel and trilevel optimization models to make critical infrastructure more resilient against terrorist attacks. Each model features an intelligent attacker (terrorists) and a defender (us), information transparency, and sequential actions ... Keywords: bilevel program, critical infrastructure protection, homeland defense, homeland security, mixed-integer program, trilevel program
Gerald Brown; Matthew Carlyle; Javier Salmer�n; Kevin Wood
The UNICORE Grid infrastructure
UNICORE (Uniform Interface to Computer Resources) is a software infrastructure supporting seamless and secure access to distributed resources. UNICORE allows uniform access to different hardware and software platforms as well as different organizational ... Keywords: Abstract Job, HPC portal, Java, UNICORE, grid infrastructure, seamless access
Mathilde Romberg
Cells: A Self-Hosting Virtual Infrastructure Service
We describe the design and implementation of Cells, a novel multi-tenanted virtual infrastructure service. Cells has the unique property of being self-hosting: it operates its own management system within one of the tenant virtual infrastructures that ... Keywords: cloud computing, infrastructure as a service
Alistair Coles; Eric Deliot; Aled Edwards; Anna Fischer; Patrick Goldsack; Julio Guijarro; Rycharde Hawkes; Johannes Kirschnick; Steve Loughran; Paul Murray; Lawrence Wilcock
Teaching the Environment to Control Quantum Systems
A non-equilibrium, generally time-dependent, environment whose form is deduced by optimal learning control is shown to provide a means for incoherent manipulation of quantum systems. Incoherent control by the environment (ICE) can serve to steer a system from an initial state to a target state, either mixed or in some cases pure, by exploiting dissipative dynamics. Implementing ICE with either incoherent radiation or a gas as the control is explicitly considered, and the environmental control is characterized by its distribution function. Simulated learning control experiments are performed with simple illustrations to find the shape of the optimal non-equilibrium distribution function that best affects the posed dynamical objectives.
Alexander Pechen; Herschel Rabitz
Automated flow-temperature-humidity control system
An automated system that controls air flow, temperature, and humidity was developed from a commercially available temperature-humidity indicator and a specially built flow-temperature-humidity control module. Parameters are set using direct-reading dials on the control module. The air flow is maintained using a mass-flow controller while process controllers connected to the indicator regulate humidity and temperature. The system will run indefinitely without need for operator intervention. If the module and indicator are calibrated properly, accurate air flows (+-2% of full scale), temperatures (+-0.3/sup 0/C), and humidities (+-2% RH) can be achieved.
Nelson, G.O.; Taylor, R.D.
Biodiesel Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations (Brochure), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Biodiesel Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations Biodiesel Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations This document lists codes and standards typically used for U.S. biodiesel vehicle and infrastructure projects. To determine which codes and standards apply to a specific project, identify the codes and standards currently in effect within the jurisdiction where the project will be located. Some jurisdictions also have unique ordinances or regulations that could apply. Learn about codes and standards basics at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/codes_standards_basics.html. Find biodiesel vehicle and infrastructure codes and standards in these categories: * Definition and Classification of Liquids * Fire Prevention and Fire Risk Control * Building Construction Requirements * Electrical Systems
Ethanol Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations (Brochure), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Ethanol Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations Ethanol Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Citations This document lists codes and standards typically used for U.S. ethanol vehicle and infrastructure projects. To determine which codes and standards apply to a specific project, identify the codes and standards currently in effect within the jurisdiction where the project will be located. Some jurisdictions also have unique ordinances or regulations that could apply. Learn about codes and standards basics at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/codes_standards_basics.html. Find ethanol vehicle and infrastructure codes and standards in these categories: * Definition and Classification of Liquids * Fire Prevention and Fire Risk Control * Building Construction Requirements * Electrical Systems
Guidelines help design pneumatic control systems
The three areas of particular interest to the gas-transmission engineer about pneumatic-instrument-operated control valves are (1) the fail-position probability of a system, (2) the designated action required for each component in the pneumatic circuit, and (3) the schematically defined position of each component. Compared with self-operated control valves, the instrument-operated systems perform many more functions; they can control the flow and the volume or flow-volume combinations, with both pressure override and underride, and will adapt conveniently to remote operation. Schematic diagrams illustrate the numerous system designs possible for pressure-regulation, flow-control, and relief-valve duties.
Curry, R.N.
Operational experience with the CEBAF control system
The CEBAF accelerator at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) successfully began its experimental nuclear physics program in November of 1995 and has since surpassed predicted machine availability. Part of this success can be attributed to using the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) control system toolkit. The CEBAF control system is one of the largest accelerator control system now operating. It controls approximately 338 SRF cavities, 2,300 magnets, 500 beam position monitors and other accelerator devices, such as gun hardware and other beam monitoring devices. All told, the system must be able to access over 125,000 database records. The system has been well received by both operators and the hardware designers. The EPICS utilities have made the task of troubleshooting systems easier. The graphical and test-based creation tools have allowed operators to custom build control screens. In addition, the ability to integrate EPICS with other software packages, such as Tcl/Tk, has allowed physicists to quickly prototype high-level application programs, and to provide GUI front ends for command line driven tools. Specific examples of the control system applications are presented in the areas of energy and orbit control, cavity tuning and accelerator tune up diagnostics.
Hovater, C.; Chowdhary, M.; Karn, J.; Tiefenback, M.; Zeijts, J. van; Watson, W.
Control System Commissioning for Enhanced Building Operations
This paper highlights the import role control systems play in the operation of modern buildings and describes ways to improve the final stage of commissioning. We also describe practical issues associated with modern IT-oriented control systems that can impact a commissioning exercise.
Salsbury, T. I.; Singhal, A.
Report on the SLC control system
The SLC control system is based on a VAX 11/780 Host computer with approximately 50 microprocessor clusters which provide distributed intelligence and control of all CAMAC interface modules. This paper will present an overview of the system including current status and a description of the software architecture and communication protocols. 8 refs.
Phinney, N.
Randomized Model Predictive Control for HVAC Systems
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a fundamental role in maintaining acceptable thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) levels, essentials for occupants well-being. Since performing this task implies high energy requirements, ... Keywords: Copulas, Learning, Randomized Model Predictive Control, Smart Buildings, Sustainable Control Systems
Alessandra Parisio, Damiano Varagnolo, Daniel Risberg, Giorgio Pattarello, Marco Molinari, Karl H. Johansson
Multi-agent neural business control system
Small to medium sized companies require a business control mechanism in order to monitor their modus operandi and analyse whether they are achieving their goals. A tool for the decision support process was developed based on a multi-agent system that ... Keywords: Agents technology, Business control system, Case-based reasoning, Experience management, Maximum Likelihood Hebbian Learning, Reasoning
M. Lourdes Borrajo; Juan M. Corchado; Emilio S. Corchado; Mar�a A. Pellicer; Javier Bajo
Automatic control in electric power systems
The recent progress in the application of automatic controls to electric power systems is outlined. After a brief review of present trends in power system planning and operation, the role of computers and of modern control methods and techniques in optimal ...
G. Quazza
Design of Control Systems for HVAC Applications
The design and application of temperature control systems on a commercial building will bring the question to mind: Should the system be Pneumatic? Should it be Electronic? There is concern as to which system will be more appropriate to a certain project. With cost, maintenance, performance, dependability, and the cost of energy as a main concern of owners, the temperature control system has become an important part of efficient utilization of energy. Application of temperature control systems to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems has become an integral part of energy management. The first phase of the program will address the problem of selection of a type of system that will be cost and energy efficient, with a minimum maintenance program. One area to be covered will be the technician and his ability to service the temperature control systems, in addition to information on the schools and technical training. The availability of trained and experienced service technicians creates a major problem for remote towns and communities. Control systems are integrated to energy management systems. Without proper maintenance the energy savings will not perform at their design level. A sub-topic on up-to-date temperature control systems with retrofit needs will he included in the presentation.
Smith, A. L.
Application of self-organizing systems in power systems control
The European electrical transmission network is operated increasingly close to its operational limits due to market integration and increased feed-in by renewable energies. For this reason, innovative solutions for a reliable, secure and efficient network ... Keywords: FACTS, multiagent systems, power flow control, power system control, self-organizing systems, smart grids
Sven C. M�ller; Ulf H�ger; Christian Rehtanz; Horst F. Wedde
PNNL Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center | Open Energy...
Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center Name Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center...
DOE and Industry Showcase New Control Systems Security Technologies...
Energy management/dimming system and control
A method is described for operating a dimming system connected to a fluorescent lighting system. The fluorescent lighting system includes a ballast, fluorescent lamps and an AC source. The dimming system includes a switch connected in series with the ballast and a dimming control circuit for controlling the switch, the dimming control circuit adapted to turn on and off the switch at a high frequency during a notch period within each half-cycle of current supplied to the ballast by the AC source. It adapts to turn on the switch during the portions of each half-cycle outside of the notch period, the location and duration of the notch period being controlled by the dimming control circuit to provide a variable light output from the lighting system in response to a level command.
Alley, R.P.; Bicknell, W.H.; Routh, K.C.
Mechanical Systems and Controls Group
... improves and lowers the cost of building ... building information, including real-time sensor data, to ... Systems for Improved Energy Performance Project ...
Coordinated Control of HVAC Systems
This paper describes the development of new control logic for starting and stopping energy-intensive equipment in buildings such as staged air-conditioning units. The concept is to use pulse-width modulation (PWM) instead of level-crossing logic. A finite state machine is used to handle the case where a single unit has multiple stages of operation. An optimized coordinator determines the phase of the PWM signals of each unit so that peak demand for power is minimized over each PWM period. Control logic for the PWM function was developed so that the phase could be manipulated by the coordinator. Computer simulations were used to assess the performance of the new strategy and to compare it to levelcrossing logic. The following five metrics were used to assess the performance: 1) magnitude of the control error, 2) start/stop frequency, 3) average power consumption, 4) standard deviation of the power consumption, 5) peak power consumption. The computer simulations showed that the new strategy could reduce peak power consumption by 20% relative to level-crossing logic. The computer simulations also showed that the new strategy increased the magnitude of the space temperature control error by 11% and increased the number of start/stop operations by 27% relative to level-crossing logic.
Federspiel, C.; Lanning, S. D.; Li, H.; Auslander, D. M.
Communications Infrastructure for Distribution Applications and Automation
The purpose of this report is to determine the role that communications will play in the distribution system of the future and to define the research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities required to enable the communications infrastructure needed to support the future vision. The communications infrastructure needed to support the distribution system of the future must support scalability, flexibility, and interoperability for data and information exchange using standards across the entire g...
Robust adaptive control of HVDC systems
The transient performance of an HVDC power system is highly dependent on the parameters of the current/voltage regulators of the converter controls. In order to better accommodate changes in system structure or dc operating conditions, this paper introduces a new adaptive control strategy. The advantages of automatic tuning for continuous fine tuning are combined with predetermined gain scheduling in order to achieve robustness for large disturbances. Examples are provided for a digitally simulated back-to-back dc system.
Reeve, J.; Sultan, M. (Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario (Canada))
PNNL Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center | Open Energy Information
Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center (Redirected from Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center Name Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center Agency/Company /Organization Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sector Energy Topics Pathways analysis Website http://eioc.pnl.gov/ Country United States Northern America References Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [1] "Building upon...expertise in electricity transmission and distribution, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has invested in bringing together industry software, real-time grid data and advanced computation into a functional control room. This unique integrated energy operations capability was shaped with input from utilities and researchers across the
Mercury Emissions Control in Wet FGD Systems
The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W) and McDermott Technology, Inc. (MTI) have had a continuing program over the past decade for characterizing and optimizing mercury control in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. These efforts have led to the characterization of mercury emissions control at two utility installations and full-scale demonstration (55 MW and 1300 MW) of the effect of a mercury control performance enhancement additive for wet FGD systems. This paper presents the results of the mercury emissions control testing conducted at these two sites. The performance is related to EPA Information Collection Request (ICR) data from an FGD system supplier�s perspective, highlighting the need to consider the effects of system design and operation when evaluating mercury emissions control performance.
Paul S. Nolan; Babcock Wilcox; Kevin E. Redinger; Babcock Wilcox; Gerald T. Amrhein; Gregory A. Kudlac
Ambient Control Systems | Open Energy Information
Control Systems Control Systems Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Ambient Control Systems Name Ambient Control Systems Address 1810 Gillespie Way Place El Cajon, California Zip 92020 Sector Solar Product Solar energy device with a computerized energy management Website http://www.ambientalert.com/ma Coordinates 32.8193566°, -116.981232° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":32.8193566,"lon":-116.981232,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure
Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education (INIE) Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education (INIE) Presented to the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee Crystal City, Virginia John Gutteridge Director, University Programs Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology September 30 - October 1, 2002 Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Gutteridge/Sep-Oct_02 INIE-NERAC.ppt (2) INIE The Stimuli .... INIE The Stimuli .... 6 Declining number of operating university research/training reactors 6 Dwindling student population in nuclear engineering 6 Closing or loss of identity of university nuclear engineering programs 6 Looming shortage of nuclear engineering graduates 6 Threat of additional reactor closures -- Cornell, Michigan, MIT
Vehicle Technologies Office: Thermal Control and System Integration
Thermal Control and System Integration The thermal control and system integration activity focuses on issues such as the integration of motor and power control technologies and the...
GIS-Based Infrastructure Modeling
GIS-Based Infrastructure Modeling Hydrogen Scenario Meeting August 9-10, 2006 Keith Parks, NREL GIS-Based Infrastructure Modeling * Station Analysis - Selection Criteria - Los...
System and method for controlling microgrid
A system for controlling a microgrid includes microgrid assets and a tieline for coupling the microgrid to a bulk grid; and a tieline controller coupled to the tieline. At least one of the microgrid assets comprises a different type of asset than another one of the microgrid assets. The tieline controller is configured for providing tieline control signals to adjust active and reactive power in respective microgrid assets in response to commands from the bulk grid operating entity, microgrid system conditions, bulk grid conditions, or combinations thereof.
Bose, Sumit (Niskayuna, NY); Achilles, Alfredo Sebastian (Bavaria, DE); Liu, Yan (Ballston Lake, NY); Ahmed, Emad Ezzat (Munich, DE); Garces, Luis Jose (Niskayuna, NY)
Biodiesel Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Chart (Revised) (Fact Sheet), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Many standards development organizations (SDOs) are working to develop codes and standards needed for the utilization of alternative fuel Many standards development organizations (SDOs) are working to develop codes and standards needed for the utilization of alternative fuel vehicle technologies. This chart shows the SDOs responsible for leading the support and development of key codes and standards for biodiesel. Biodiesel Vehicle and Infrastructure Codes and Standards Chart Vehicles Storage Dispensing Infrastructure Engine Testing: Fuel Systems: Fuel Lubricants: Powertrain Systems: Containers: Dispensing Operations: Dispensing Components: Containers: Transfer Operations: Container Components: Container Siting: Test Methods and Specifications for Fuels: Pipeline and Piping Infrastructure: Building and Fire Code Requirements: CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES: DOT/NHTS (crashworthiness) EPA (emissions) CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES:
CARS Control Anomaly Recognition System: System Concept, Requirements, and Specifications
This report presents results of an initial study aimed at defining the system concept, principal requirements, and functional specification for a control anomaly recognition system (CARS) software tool. The purpose of the CARS software system is to assist nuclear power plant operators in the early detection of faults and anomalies in plant control systems before they cause reactor scrams or component damage. The diagnostic capability technology of CARS can support other process industries' applications b...
Operational Experience with the CEBAF Control System
This paper describes our operational experience with the CEBAF control system. CEBAF is operated using a variety of software packages and custom applications. In the spirit of collaboration and software sharing, the current system utilizes code developed at four major laboratories as well as commercial packages and custom applications. The basis of the CEBAF control system is EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System), originally developed at LANL and ANL. The CEBAF accelerator is operated primarily using the common EPICS tools such as the archiver, alarm handler and display manager. In order to supplement the features of EPICS, custom applications have been developed and incorporated into the control system using C, C++, and TCL. Additionally, the CEBAF helium plant is controlled using the CEBAF TACL system which requires communications between the two control systems. CATER, a problem tracking program developed at SLAC, has also been integrated into the operational software. Current plans call for the integration of an on-line logbook developed at APS and the internal development of a down-time logger program. We discuss how these various tools and applications are used operationally, the advantages and disadvantages of the systems and the challenges related to integrating this diverse array of software.
K. White; D. Kehne
Online prediction and control nonlinear stochastic systems
temperature in district heat- ing systems. · Prediction of power production from the wind turbines located and their application to prediction and control within district heating systems and for prediction of wind power. Here temperature in district heating systems', Techni- cal Report IMM-REP-2002-23, Informatics and Mathematical
Power control system and method
A power system includes an energy harvesting device, a battery coupled to the energy harvesting device, and a circuit coupled to the energy harvesting device and the battery. The circuit is adapted to deliver power to a load by providing power generated by the energy harvesting device to the load without delivering excess power to the battery and to supplement the power generated by the energy harvesting device with power from the battery if the power generated by the energy harvesting device is insufficient to fully power the load. A method of operating the power system is also provided.
Steigerwald, Robert Louis (Burnt Hills, NY); Anderson, Todd Alan (Niskayuna, NY)
LNG fire and vapor control system technologies
This report provides a review of fire and vapor control practices used in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry. Specific objectives of this effort were to summarize the state-of-the-art of LNG fire and vapor control; define representative LNG facilities and their associated fire and vapor control systems; and develop an approach for a quantitative effectiveness evaluation of LNG fire and vapor control systems. In this report a brief summary of LNG physical properties is given. This is followed by a discussion of basic fire and vapor control design philosophy and detailed reviews of fire and vapor control practices. The operating characteristics and typical applications and application limitations of leak detectors, fire detectors, dikes, coatings, closed circuit television, communication systems, dry chemicals, water, high expansion foam, carbon dioxide and halogenated hydrocarbons are described. Summary descriptions of a representative LNG peakshaving facility and import terminal are included in this report together with typical fire and vapor control systems and their locations in these types of facilities. This state-of-the-art review identifies large differences in the application of fire and vapor control systems throughout the LNG industry.
Konzek, G.J.; Yasutake, K.M.; Franklin, A.L.
Sharing local energy infrastructure : organizational models for implementing microgrids and district energy systems in urban commercial districts; Organizational models for implementing microgrids and district energy systems in urban commercial districts.
??There is a growing trend in cities toward establishing localized, shared energy infrastructure. As existing energy infrastructure ages and demand increases, cities face rising energy� (more)
Fermilab | Recovery Act | General Infrastructure Projects
General Infrastructure Projects General Infrastructure Projects High Availability Computing Center The Computing Division provides administrative, technical and physical support of central computing, storage and networking equipment critical to the success of the labs scientific mission. Before the renovation, Feynman Computing Center housed the only high availability computing center on the Fermilab campus, which operated at its electrical capacity. The requirements for a high availability computing center include backup infrastructure support for computing equipment that operates continuously, such as networking, web and email services, experiment databases and file serving. Electrical service must be backed up by both an uninterrupted power supply system and a standby electrical generator.
Early warning system for cascading effect control in energy control systems
A way of controlling a cascading effect caused by a failure or a threat in a critical system is using intelligent mechanisms capable of predicting anomalous behaviours and also capable of reacting against them in advance. These mechanisms are known as ... Keywords: SCADA systems, cascading effect, early warning system, energy control systems, forensic techniques, wireless sensor network
Cristina Alcaraz; Angel Balastegui; Javier Lopez
sources. One of related works is an energy-harvesting WSN for a railway monitoring system [6]. In [7.032mW (indoor) to 37mW (direct sunlight) when energy is harvested from solar or 5mW (piezoelectric
Coello, Carlos A. Coello
Energy, Climate & Infrastructure Security
Energy, Climate & Infrastructure Security EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST Sandia Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND 2012-1670P Thermal thermal environments different from regulatory standards. Packaging, Transport, Storage & Security
IPHE Infrastructure Workshop Proceedings
Fuel Cell Technologies Publication and Product Library (EERE)
This proceedings contains information from the IPHE Infrastructure Workshop, a two-day interactive workshop held on February 25-26, 2010, to explore the market implementation needs for hydrogen fuelin
Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
Infrastructure JOHN DAVIS: Nearly everyone who owns a plug-in electric vehicle has some capacity to replenish the battery at home, either with a dedicated 220-volt charger, or by...
Guidelines for Infrastructure Planning
There are already over 60,000 plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on the road, and PEVs sales are rapidly growing. Although several hundred million dollars have been invested in infrastructure to support PEVs, additional investment will be needed as the number of non-petroleum-fueled vehicles increases. This project attempted to answer the question: how much charging infrastructure is really required for PEVs? This question is difficult to answer due to significant differences between the way PEVs and ...
Infrastructure: A technology battlefield in the 21st century
A major part of technological advancement has involved the development of complex infrastructure systems, including electric power generation, transmission, and distribution networks; oil and gas pipeline systems; highway and rail networks; and telecommunication networks. Dependence on these infrastructure systems renders them attractive targets for conflict in the twenty-first century. Hostile governments, domestic and international terrorists, criminals, and mentally distressed individuals will inevitably find some part of the infrastructure an easy target for theft, for making political statements, for disruption of strategic activities, or for making a nuisance. The current situation regarding the vulnerability of the infrastructure can be summarized in three major points: (1) our dependence on technology has made our infrastructure more important and vital to our everyday lives, this in turn, makes us much more vulnerable to disruption in any infrastructure system; (2) technologies available for attacking infrastructure systems have changed substantially and have become much easier to obtain and use, easy accessibility to information on how to disrupt or destroy various infrastructure components means that almost anyone can be involved in this destructive process; (3) technologies for defending infrastructure systems and preventing damage have not kept pace with the capability for destroying such systems. A brief review of these points will illustrate the significance of infrastructure and the growing dangers to its various elements.
Drucker, H.
Passive environmental temperature control system
Passive environmental heating and cooling systems are described, which utilize heat pipes to transmit heat to or from a thermal reservoir. In a solar heating system, a heat pipe is utilized to carry heat from a solar heat absorber plate that receives sunlight, through a thermal insulation barrier, to a heat storage wall, with the outer end of the pipe which is in contact with the solar absorber being lower than the inner end. The inclining of the heat pipe assures that the portion of working fluid, such as Freon, which is in a liquid phase will fall by gravity to the outer end of the pipe, thereby assuring diode action that prevents the reverse transfer of heat from the reservoir to the outside on cool nights. In a cooling system, the outer end of the pipe which connects to a heat dissipator, is higher than the inner end that is coupled to a cold reservoir, to allow heat transfer only out of the reservoir to the heat dissipator, and not in the reverse direction.
Corliss, John M. (Columbus, OH); Stickford, George H. (Columbus, OH)
MFC Communications Infrastructure Study
Unprecedented growth of required telecommunications services and telecommunications applications change the way the INL does business today. High speed connectivity compiled with a high demand for telephony and network services requires a robust communications infrastructure. � The current state of the MFC communication infrastructure limits growth opportunities of current and future communication infrastructure services. This limitation is largely due to equipment capacity issues, aging cabling infrastructure (external/internal fiber and copper cable) and inadequate space for telecommunication equipment. While some communication infrastructure improvements have been implemented over time projects, it has been completed without a clear overall plan and technology standard. � This document identifies critical deficiencies with the current state of the communication infrastructure in operation at the MFC facilities and provides an analysis to identify needs and deficiencies to be addressed in order to achieve target architectural standards as defined in STD-170. The intent of STD-170 is to provide a robust, flexible, long-term solution to make communications capabilities align with the INL mission and fit the various programmatic growth and expansion needs.
Michael Cannon; Terry Barney; Gary Cook; George Danklefsen, Jr.; Paul Fairbourn; Susan Gihring; Lisa Stearns
A testbed for secure and robust SCADA systems
The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) monitor and control real-time systems. SCADA systems are the backbone of the critical infrastructure, and any compromise in their security can have grave consequences. Therefore, there is a ...
Annarita Giani; Gabor Karsai; Tanya Roosta; Aakash Shah; Bruno Sinopoli; Jon Wiley
Battery monitoring and charger control system
A battery cell controlled charging system, consisting of a display unit, battery cell probes, a battery charger and circuitry for controlling the charger, monitors the specific gravity, electrolyte level and temperature control of each cell in a multi-cell lead-acid battery and uses the information to automatically charge the battery when a cell or cells become out of specification while restricting overcharging which is damaging to cells.
Barry, G.H.; Dahl, E.A.
Randomized control of open quantum systems
The problem of open-loop dynamical control of generic open quantum systems is addressed. In particular, I focus on the task of effectively switching off environmental couplings responsible for unwanted decoherence and dissipation effects. After revisiting the standard framework for dynamical decoupling via deterministic controls, I describe a different approach whereby the controller intentionally acquires a random component. An explicit error bound on worst-case performance of stochastic decoupling is presented.
Lorenza Viola
Steam Turbine Hydraulic Control system Maintenance Guide
Steam turbine hydraulic control system maintenance problems have been a significant factor in plant power reductions, shutdowns, and lost generation. This guide provides recommendations to improve the reliability of the hydraulic components and fluid.
l U CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING* M.Wahlig,be capable of operating solar heating and cooling systemsand now transferred to ERDA, on solar heating and cooling of
Occupant Response to Window Control Signaling Systems
A. �(2002). �Operable�windows�and� HVAC�systems. �HPAC�Simulation�of�the�effects�of�window�opening�and�heating�Dear,�R. �(2004). �Operable�Windows,�Personal�Control�and�
Ackerly, Katherine
Install an Automatic Blowdown Control System
This revised ITP steam tip sheet on installing automatic blowdown controls provide how-to advice for improving industrial steam systems using low-cost, proven practices and technologies.
Variable emissivity laser thermal control system
A laser thermal control system for a metal vapor laser maintains the wall mperature of the laser at a desired level by changing the effective emissivity of the water cooling jacket. This capability increases the overall efficiency of the laser.
Milner, Joseph R. (Livermore, CA)
Security issues of a phasor data concentrator for smart grid infrastructure
The use of PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) for measurement and control of the power grids over wide areas is becoming fundamental to improve power system reliability. Synchrophasors, that enable a synchronized evaluation of the phasor through GPS radio ... Keywords: C37.118, SQL injection, critical infrastructure protection, dependable computing, phasor data concentrator, phasor measurement unit, security, smart grids, synchrophasors
Salvatore D'Antonio; Luigi Coppolino; Ivano Alessandro Elia; Valerio Formicola
Model-driven design and implementation of discrete event control for a machine tool control system
Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design. [7] E. M.of machine tool control system Mode Control Supervisor (MCS)of a discrete event control system depends entirely on the
Liu, Y.; Li, W.; Yamazaki, K.; Fujishima, M.
Advanced control and information systems `97
Data are presented on advanced control and information systems, describing specific application, control strategy, economics, commercial installations, and licensor. Uses include alkylation, amine treating, catalytic reforming, cryogenic separation, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hydrogen production, LNG separation, lube oils, olefins, plant scheduling, polymers, refineries, steam reforming, and utilities.
Autonomous robotic weed control systems: A review
Autonomous robotic weed control systems hold promise toward the automation of one of agriculture's few remaining unmechanized and drudging tasks, hand weed control. Robotic technology may also provide a means of reducing agriculture's current dependency ... Keywords: Geospatial technology, Machine vision, Pest management, Precision agriculture, Robot, Weed recognition
D. C. Slaughter; D. K. Giles; D. Downey
Time-optimal Control of Spin Systems
The paper discusses various aspects of time-optimal control of quantum spin systems, modelled as right-invariant systems on a compact Lie group G. The main results are the reduction of such a system to an equivalent system on a homogeneous space G/H, and the explicit determination of optimal trajectories on G/H in the case where G/H is a Riemannian symmetric space. These results are mainly obtained by using methods from Lie theory and geometric control.
Jan Swoboda
Methodology for prioritizing cyber-vulnerable critical infrastructure equipment and mitigation strategies.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), National Cyber Security Division (NSCD), Control Systems Security Program (CSSP), contracted Sandia National Laboratories to develop a generic methodology for prioritizing cyber-vulnerable, critical infrastructure assets and the development of mitigation strategies for their loss or compromise. The initial project has been divided into three discrete deliverables: (1) A generic methodology report suitable to all Critical Infrastructure and Key Resource (CIKR) Sectors (this report); (2) a sector-specific report for Electrical Power Distribution; and (3) a sector-specific report for the water sector, including generation, water treatment, and wastewater systems. Specific reports for the water and electric sectors are available from Sandia National Laboratories.
Dawson, Lon Andrew; Stinebaugh, Jennifer A.
LED lamp color control system and method
An LED lamp color control system and method including an LED lamp having an LED controller 58; and a plurality of LED channels 60 operably connected to the LED controller 58, each of the plurality of LED channels 60 having a channel switch 62 in series with at least one shunted LED circuit 83, the shunted LED circuit 83 having a shunt switch 68 in parallel with an LED source 80. The LED controller 58 determines whether the LED source 80 is in a feedback controllable range, stores measured optical flux for the LED source 80 when the LED source 80 is in the feedback controllable range, and bypasses storing the measured optical flux when the LED source 80 is not in the feedback controllable range.
Gaines, James; Clauberg, Bernd; Van Erp, Josephus A.M.
Our Nation's Energy Infrastructure: Toward Stronger and Smarter Grid
Security (EIS) Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI) Consortium for Electric Infrastructure to Support & Building EMS Internet Renewables PV Smart Grids and Local Energy Networks Control Interface Source: EPRI Portal & Building EMS Internet Renewables PV Smart Grids and Local Energy Networks Control Interface
Microsoft Word - Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month.docx
Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release October 31, 2013 Presidential Proclamation -- Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month, 2013 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY AND RESILIENCE MONTH, 2013 - - - - - - - BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A PROCLAMATION Over the last few decades, our Nation has grown increasingly dependent on critical infrastructure, the backbone of our national and economic security. America's critical infrastructure is complex and diverse, combining systems in both cyberspace and the physical world -- from power plants, bridges, and interstates to Federal buildings and the massive electrical grids that power our Nation. During Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month, we
EV Everywhere Grand Challenge - Charging Infrastructure Enabling Flexible EV Design
Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure Enabling Flexible EV Design July 30, 2012 Lee Slezak Technology Manager, Vehicle Systems Vehicle Technologies Program U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue Washington DC 20585 eere.energy.gov Outline * Purpose - Establish Vision for Achieving EV Everywhere * Enable Strong Demand for EVs * Supply of Vehicles and Infrastructure * Current Status of Infrastructure and Vehicles * Desired Workshop Outputs * Approach - Design Candidate Infrastructure Strategies for 2022 10/12/2012 2 eere.energy.gov Achieving EV Everywhere - Enable Strong Demand for EVs 10/12/2012 3 EV Everywhere Consumer Acceptance EV Everywhere Consumer Acceptance Electric Vehicles * Safe * Cost Competitive * Utility meets consumer needs * Range
Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Modeling: A Survey of U.S. and International Research
The Nation�s health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, processes, and organizations across which these goods and services move are called "critical infrastructures".1 This statement is as true in the U.S. as in any country in the world. Recent world events such as the 9-11 terrorist attacks, London bombings, and gulf coast hurricanes have highlighted the importance of stable electric, gas and oil, water, transportation, banking and finance, and control and communication infrastructure systems. Be it through direct connectivity, policies and procedures, or geospatial proximity, most critical infrastructure systems interact. These interactions often create complex relationships, dependencies, and interdependencies that cross infrastructure boundaries. The modeling and analysis of interdependencies between critical infrastructure elements is a relatively new and very important field of study. The U.S. Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) has sponsored this survey to identify and describe this current area of research including the current activities in this field being conducted both in the U.S. and internationally. The main objective of this study is to develop a single source reference of critical infrastructure interdependency modeling tools (CIIMT) that could be applied to allow users to objectively assess the capabilities of CIIMT. This information will provide guidance for directing research and development to address the gaps in development. The results will inform researchers of the TSWG Infrastructure Protection Subgroup of research and development efforts and allow a more focused approach to addressing the needs of CIIMT end-user needs. This report first presents the field of infrastructure interdependency analysis, describes the survey methodology, and presents the leading research efforts in both a cumulative table and through individual datasheets. Data was collected from open source material and when possible through direct contact with the individuals leading the research.
Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures
Page 1. CRITICAL FOUNDATIONS PROTECTING AMERICA'S INFRASTRUCTURES The Report of the President's Commission ...
Biotelemetry system for Epilepsy Seizure Control
The Biotelemetry System for Epilepsy Seizure Control Project developed and tested an automated telemetry system for use in an epileptic seizure prevention device that precisely controls localized brain temperature. This project was a result of a Department of Energy (DOE) Global Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (GIPP) grant to the Kansas City Plant (KCP), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to partner with Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, Lawrence, KS and Biophysical Laboratory Ltd (BIOFIL), Sarov, Russia to develop a method to help control epileptic seizures.
Smith, LaCurtise; Bohnert, George W.
Anomaly Detection for Resilient Control Systems Using Fuzzy-Neural Data Fusion Engine
Resilient control systems in critical infrastructures require increased cyber-security and state-awareness. One of the necessary conditions for achieving the desired high level of resiliency is timely reporting and understanding of the status and behavioral trends of the control system. This paper describes the design and development of a neural-network based data-fusion system for increased state-awareness of resilient control systems. The proposed system consists of a dedicated data-fusion engine for each component of the control system. Each data-fusion engine implements three-layered alarm system consisting of: (1) conventional threshold-based alarms, (2) anomalous behavior detector using self-organizing maps, and (3) prediction error based alarms using neural network based signal forecasting. The proposed system was integrated with a model of the Idaho National Laboratory Hytest facility, which is a testing facility for hybrid energy systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the implemented data fusion system provides timely plant performance monitoring and cyber-state reporting.
Ondrej Linda; Milos Manic; Timothy R. McJunkin
The objective of this program is to develop a system to both monitor the vibration of a bottomhole assembly, and to adjust the properties of an active damper in response to these measured vibrations. Phase I of this program entails modeling and design of the necessary subsystems and design, manufacture and test of a full laboratory prototype. The project continues to advance, but is behind the revised (14-month) schedule. Tasks 1-3 (Modeling, Specification and Design) are all essentially complete. The test bench for the Test and Evaluation (Tasks 4 & 5) and the laboratory prototype were constructed by the end of the period. During assembly, however, several of the key subassemblies became galled together, and had to be cut apart. These parts are being remachined with harder surfaces to prevent recurrence of this problem. One key component, the MR damper mandrel, has been redesigned into a three-piece assembly which will facilitate assembly and reduce the cost of replacement of worn components. The remade parts will be delivered by April 19, and the prototype assembled. Testing will begin during the first week of May and is anticipated to be completed before the revised end date for Phase I, May 31, 2004.
Martin E. Cobern
The objectives of this scoping study were to develop and test control software and wireless hardware that could enable closed-loop, zone-temperature-based demand response in buildings that have either pneumatic controls or legacy digital controls that cannot be used as part of a demand response automation system. We designed a SOAP client that is compatible with the Demand Response Automation Server (DRAS) being used by the IOUs in California for their CPP program, design the DR control software, investigated the use of cellular routers for connecting to the DRAS, and tested the wireless DR system with an emulator running a calibrated model of a working building. The results show that the wireless DR system can shed approximately 1.5 Watts per design CFM on the design day in a hot, inland climate in California while keeping temperatures within the limits of ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
Secure Control Systems for the Energy Sector
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL) will conduct the Hallmark Project to address the need to reduce the risk of energy disruptions because of cyber incidents on control systems. The goals is to develop solutions that can be both applied to existing control systems and designed into new control systems to add the security measures needed to mitigate energy network vulnerabilities. The scope of the Hallmark Project contains four primary elements: 1. Technology transfer of the Secure Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Communications Protocol (SSCP) from Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) to Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL). The project shall use this technology to develop a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 compliant original equipment manufacturer (OEM) module to be called a Cryptographic Daughter Card (CDC) with the ability to directly connect to any PC enabling that computer to securely communicate across serial to field devices. Validate the OEM capabilities with another vendor. 2. Development of a Link Authenticator Module (LAM) using the FIPS 140-2 validated Secure SCADA Communications Protocol (SSCP) CDC module with a central management software kit. 3. Validation of the CDC and Link Authenticator modules via laboratory and field tests. 4. Creation of documents that record the impact of the Link Authenticator to the operators of control systems and on the control system itself. The information in the documents can assist others with technology deployment and maintenance.
Smith, Rhett; Campbell, Jack; Hadley, Mark
Alarm system for a nuclear control complex
An advanced control room complex for a nuclear power plant, including a discrete indicator and alarm system (72) which is nuclear qualified for rapid response to changes in plant parameters and a component control system (64) which together provide a discrete monitoring and control capability at a panel (14-22, 26, 28) in the control room (10). A separate data processing system (70), which need not be nuclear qualified, provides integrated and overview information to the control room and to each panel, through CRTs (84) and a large, overhead integrated process status overview board (24). The discrete indicator and alarm system (72) and the data processing system (70) receive inputs from common plant sensors and validate the sensor outputs to arrive at a representative value of the parameter for use by the operator during both normal and accident conditions, thereby avoiding the need for him to assimilate data from each sensor individually. The integrated process status board (24) is at the apex of an information hierarchy that extends through four levels and provides access at each panel to the full display hierarchy. The control room panels are preferably of a modular construction, permitting the definition of inputs and outputs, the man machine interface, and the plant specific algorithms, to proceed in parallel with the fabrication of the panels, the installation of the equipment and the generic testing thereof.
Scarola, Kenneth (Windsor, CT); Jamison, David S. (Windsor, CT); Manazir, Richard M. (North Canton, CT); Rescorl, Robert L. (Vernon, CT); Harmon, Daryl L. (Enfield, CT)
Research and development of Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system for transportation applications. Fuel cell infrastructure and commercialization study
This paper has been prepared in partial fulfillment of a subcontract from the Allison Division of General Motors under the terms of Allison`s contract with the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-90CH10435). The objective of this task (The Fuel Cell Infrastructure and Commercialization Study) is to describe and prepare preliminary evaluations of the processes which will be required to develop fuel cell engines for commercial and private vehicles. This report summarizes the work undertaken on this study. It addresses the availability of the infrastructure (services, energy supplies) and the benefits of creating public/private alliances to accelerate their commercialization. The Allison prime contract includes other tasks related to the research and development of advanced solid polymer fuel cell engines and preparation of a demonstration automotive vehicle. The commercialization process starts when there is sufficient understanding of a fuel cell engine`s technology and markets to initiate preparation of a business plan. The business plan will identify each major step in the design of fuel cell (or electrochemical) engines, evaluation of the markets, acquisition of manufacturing facilities, and the technical and financial resources which will be required. The process will end when one or more companies have successfully developed and produced fuel cell engines at a profit. This study addressed the status of the information which will be required to prepare business plans, develop the economic and market acceptance data, and to identify the mobility, energy and environment benefits of electrochemical or fuel cell engines. It provides the reader with information on the status of fuel cell or electrochemical engine development and their relative advantages over competitive propulsion systems. Recommendations and descriptions of additional technical and business evaluations that are to be developed in more detail in Phase II, are included.
Stochastic Control Analysis for Biochemical Reaction Systems
In this paper, we investigate how stochastic reaction processes are affected by external perturbations. We describe an extension of the deterministic metabolic control analysis (MCA) to the stochastic regime. We introduce stochastic sensitivities for mean and covariance values of reactant concentrations and reaction fluxes and show that there exist MCA-like summation theorems among these sensitivities. The summation theorems for flux variances are shown to depend on the size of the measurement time window ($\\epsilon$), within which reaction events are counted for measuring a single flux. The degree of the $\\epsilon$-dependency can become significant for processes involving multi-time-scale dynamics and is estimated by introducing a new measure of time scale separation. This $\\epsilon$-dependency is shown to be closely related to the power-law scaling observed in flux fluctuations in various complex networks. We propose a systematic way to control fluctuations of reactant concentrations while minimizing changes in mean concentration levels. Such orthogonal control is obtained by introducing a control vector indicating the strength and direction of parameter perturbations leading to a sensitive control. We also propose a possible implication in the control of flux fluctuation: The control distribution for flux fluctuations changes with the measurement time window size, $\\epsilon$. When a control engineer applies a specific control operation on a reaction system, the system can respond contrary to what is expected, depending on the time window size $\\epsilon$.
Kyung Hyuk Kim; Herbert M. Sauro
Cylindrical Induction Melter Modicon Control System
In the last several years an extensive R{ampersand}D program has been underway to develop a vitrification system to stabilize Americium (Am) and Curium (Cm) inventories at SRS. This report documents the Modicon control system designed for the 3 inch Cylindrical Induction Melter (CIM).
Weeks, G.E. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC (United States)
Many critical infrastructure sectors have been investigating cyber security issues for several years especially with the help of two primary government programs. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National SCADA Test Bed and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Control Systems Security Program have both implemented activities aimed at securing the industrial control systems that operate the North American electric grid along with several other critical infrastructure sectors (ICS). These programs have spent the last seven years working with industry including asset owners, educational institutions, standards and regulating bodies, and control system vendors. The programs common mission is to provide outreach, identification of cyber vulnerabilities to ICS and mitigation strategies to enhance security postures. The success of these programs indicates that a similar approach can be successfully translated into other sectors including nuclear operations, safeguards, and security. The industry regulating bodies have included cyber security requirements and in some cases, have incorporated sets of standards with penalties for non-compliance such as the North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection standards. These DOE and DHS programs that address security improvements by both suppliers and end users provide an excellent model for nuclear facility personnel concerned with safeguards and security cyber vulnerabilities and countermeasures. It is not a stretch to imagine complete surreptitious collapse of protection against the removal of nuclear material or even initiation of a criticality event as witnessed at Three Mile Island or Chernobyl in a nuclear ICS inadequately protected against the cyber threat.
Robert S. Anderson; Mark Schanfein; Trond Bjornard; Paul Moskowitz
Waste receiving and processing plant control system; system design description
The Plant Control System (PCS) is a heterogeneous computer system composed of numerous sub-systems. The PCS represents every major computer system that is used to support operation of the Waste Receiving and Processing (WRAP) facility. This document, the System Design Description (PCS SDD), includes several chapters and appendices. Each chapter is devoted to a separate PCS sub-system. Typically, each chapter includes an overview description of the system, a list of associated documents related to operation of that system, and a detailed description of relevant system features. Each appendice provides configuration information for selected PCS sub-systems. The appendices are designed as separate sections to assist in maintaining this document due to frequent changes in system configurations. This document is intended to serve as the primary reference for configuration of PCS computer systems. The use of this document is further described in the WRAP System Configuration Management Plan, WMH-350, Section 4.1.
Cyber Security Solutions for Instrumentation and Control Systems
Cyber security standards have been produced as a result of continual threats to business and process control networks. Many standards have been drafted, undergone revision, and are being enforced for compliance. In recent years, electric utilities have established cyber security programs to ensure compliance with critical infrastructure protection standards requirements of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation and related requirements in the international community. Compliance with ...
Fuzzy adaptive control for the actuators position control and modeling of an expert system
In this paper, a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system was designed and two different damper gap rates (actuators position) of the HVAC system were controlled by a conventional PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller. One ... Keywords: Actuator position control, Air flow control, An expert system, Fuzzy adaptive control (FAC), Humidity control, Modeling, PID control, Software architecture
Servet Soyguder; Hasan Alli
An authentication infrastructure for today and tomorrow
The Open Software Foundation`s Distributed Computing Environment (OSF/DCE) was originally designed to provide a secure environment for distributed applications. By combining it with Kerberos Version 5 from MIT, it can be extended to provide network security as well. This combination can be used to build both an inter and intra organizational infrastructure while providing single sign-on for the user with overall improved security. The ESnet community of the Department of Energy is building just such an infrastructure. ESnet has modified these systems to improve their interoperability, while encouraging the developers to incorporate these changes and work more closely together to continue to improve the interoperability. The success of this infrastructure depends on its flexibility to meet the needs of many applications and network security requirements. The open nature of Kerberos, combined with the vendor support of OSF/DCE, provides the infrastructure for today and tomorrow.
Engert, D.E.
Control system for a vertical axis windmill
A vertical axis windmill having a rotating structure is provided with a series of articulated vertical blades whose positions are controlled to maintain a constant RPM for the rotating structure, when wind speed is sufficient. A microprocessor controller is used to process information on wind speed, wind direction and RPM of the rotating structure to develop an electrical signal for establishing blade position. The preferred embodiment of the invention, when connected to a utility grid, is designed to generate 40 kilowatts of power when exposed to a 20 mile per hour wind. The control system for the windmill includes electrical blade actuators that modulate the blades of the rotating structure. Blade modulation controls the blade angle of attack, which in turn controls the RPM of the rotor. In the preferred embodiment, the microprocessor controller provides the operation logic and control functions. A wind speed sensor provides inputs to start or stop the windmill, and a wind direction sensor is used to keep the blade flip region at 90.degree. and 270.degree. to the wind. The control system is designed to maintain constant rotor RPM when wind speed is between 10 and 40 miles per hour.
Brulle, Robert V. (St. Louis County, MO)
Self-organizing fuzzy control of active suspension systems
A self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) is proposed to control an active suspension system and evaluate its control performance. In complicated nonlinear system control, the SOFC continually updates the learning strategy in the form of fuzzy rules ...
Ruey-Jing Lian; Bai-Fu Lin; Wun-Tong Sie
A robust fault-tolerant control strategy for networked control systems
Networked control systems (NCS) are one type of distributed control systems where serial communication networks is used to exchange system information and control signals between various physical components of the systems that may be physically distributed. ... Keywords: Deadbands, Networked control systems (NCS), Random time delays, Robust fault-tolerant control, T-S fuzzy modeling
Huo Zhihong; Zheng Yuan; Xu Chang
Chapter 14: Wind Turbine Control Systems
Wind turbines are complex, nonlinear, dynamic systems forced by gravity, stochastic wind disturbances, and gravitational, centrifugal, and gyroscopic loads. The aerodynamic behavior of wind turbines is nonlinear, unsteady, and complex. Turbine rotors are subjected to a complicated three-dimensional turbulent wind inflow field that drives fatigue loading. Wind turbine modeling is also complex and challenging. Accurate models must contain many degrees of freedom (DOF) to capture the most important dynamic effects. The rotation of the rotor adds complexity to the dynamics modeling. Designs of control algorithms for wind turbines must account for these complexities. Algorithms must capture the most important turbine dynamics without being too complex and unwieldy. Off-the-shelf commercial soft ware is seldom adequate for wind turbine dynamics modeling. Instead, specialized dynamic simulation codes are usually required to model all the important nonlinear effects. As illustrated in Figure 14-1, a wind turbine control system consists of sensors, actuators and a system that ties these elements together. A hardware or software system processes input signals from the sensors and generates output signals for actuators. The main goal of the controller is to modify the operating states of the turbine to maintain safe turbine operation, maximize power, mitigate damaging fatigue loads, and detect fault conditions. A supervisory control system starts and stops the machine, yaws the turbine when there is a significant yaw misalignment, detects fault conditions, and performs emergency shut-downs. Other parts of the controller are intended to maximize power and reduce loads during normal turbine operation.
Wright, A. D.
EV Charging Infrastructure
Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure JOHN DAVIS: Virtually anywhere in the U.S. you can bring light to a room with the flick of a finger. We take it for granted, but creating the national electric grid to make that possible took decades to accomplish. Now, in just a few years, we've seen the birth of a new infrastructure that allows electric vehicles to quickly recharge their batteries at home, work, or wherever they may roam. But this rapid growth has come with a few growing pains. Starting with less than 500 in 2009, there are now over 19,000 public-access charging outlets available to electric vehicles owners at commuter lots, parking garages, airports, retail areas and thousands of
Zone control system for energy conservation
A zone control system adapted to control temperatures in a building is described having a temperature modifying plant to modify the temperature of a heat exchange medium, circulator means to circulate the medium, and flow control means to regulate the flow of the medium. The system includes zone thermostats with one thermostat per controlled zone, and with each thermostat including temperature responsive means and heat anticipator means to modify the temperature of the temperature responsive means; at least one of the flow control means per controlled zone, and each of the flow control means being capable of energizing the circulator means when the flow control means operates to permit circulation of the heat exchange medium; each zone thermostat including on-off timer means having normally open switch means, and further including intermediate on timer means having normally open switch means; first zone control circuit means including a temperature responsive means of the first thermostat, a heat anticipator means of the first thermostat, and circuit means with normally closed switch means capable of energizing a first flow control means to an open position upon the first thermostat calling for operation of the temperature modifying plant. The timer means of the first thermostat is actuated by the first thermostat calling for operation of the temperature modifying plant; a first of the on-off timer means operating its switch means to an on state after a fixed time interval to latch the first flow control means into an open condition; a first of the intermediate on timer means operating its switch means to an on state after a second fixed time interval to energize the modifying plant and complete a circuit to a secondary anticipation heater of a second zone thermostat capable of adding heat to the second zone thermostat; and the first on-off timer means maintaining its switch means closed.
Nelson, L.W.
Infrastructure Ecology for Sustainable and Resilient Urban Infrastructure Design
The population growth coupled with increasing urbanization is predicted to exert a huge demand on the growth and retrofit of urban infrastructure, particularly in water and energy systems. The U.S. population is estimated to grow by 23% (UN, 2009) between 2005 and 2030. The corresponding increases in energy and water demand were predicted as 14% (EIA, 2009) and 20% (Elcock, 2008), respectively. The water-energy nexus needs to be better understood to satisfy the increased demand in a sustainable manner without conflicting with environmental and economic constraints. Overall, 4% of U.S. power generation is used for water distribution (80%) and treatment (20%). 3% of U.S. water consumption (100 billion gallons per day, or 100 BGD) and 40% of U.S. water withdrawal (340 BGD) are for thermoelectric power generation (Goldstein and Smith, 2002). The water demand for energy production is predicted to increase most significantly among the water consumption sectors by 2030. On the other hand, due to the dearth of conventional water sources, energy intensive technologies are increasingly in use to treat seawater and brackish groundwater for water supply. Thus comprehending the interrelation and interdependency between water and energy system is imperative to evaluate sustainable water and energy supply alternatives for cities. In addition to the water-energy nexus, decentralized or distributed concept is also beneficial for designing sustainable water and energy infrastructure as these alternatives require lesser distribution lines and space in a compact urban area. Especially, the distributed energy infrastructure is more suited to interconnect various large and small scale renewable energy producers which can be expected to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the case of decentralized water infrastructure, on-site wastewater treatment facility can provide multiple benefits. Firstly, it reduces the potable water demand by reusing the treated water for non-potable uses and secondly, it also reduces the wastewater load to central facility. In addition, lesser dependency on the distribution network contributes to increased reliability and resiliency of the infrastructure. The goal of this research is to develop a framework which seeks an optimal combination of decentralized water and energy alternatives and centralized infrastructures based on physical and socio-economic environments of a region. Centralized and decentralized options related to water, wastewater and stormwater and distributed energy alternatives including photovoltaic (PV) generators, fuel cells and microturbines are investigated. In the context of the water-energy nexus, water recovery from energy alternatives and energy recovery from water alternatives are reflected. Alternatives recapturing nutrients from wastewater are also considered to conserve depleting resources. The alternatives are evaluated in terms of their life-cycle environmental impact and economic performance using a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) tool and cost benefit analysis, respectively. Meeting the increasing demand of a test bed, an optimal combination of the alternatives is designed to minimize environmental and economic impacts including CO2 emissions, human health risk, natural resource use, and construction and operation cost. The framework determines the optimal combination depending on urban density, transmission or conveyance distance or network, geology, climate, etc. Therefore, it will be also able to evaluate infrastructure resiliency against physical and socio-economic challenges such as population growth, severe weather, energy and water shortage, economic crisis, and so on.
Jeong, Hyunju [Georgia Institute of Technology; Pandit, Arka [Georgia Institute of Technology; Crittenden, John [Georgia Institute of Technology; Xu, Ming [University of Michigan; Perrings, Charles [Arizona State University; Wang, Dali [ORNL; Li, Ke [University of Georgia; French, Steve [Georgia Institute of Technology
Actively controlled vibration welding system and method
A vibration welding system includes a controller, welding horn, an active material element, and anvil assembly. The assembly may include an anvil body connected to a back plate and support member. The element, e.g., a piezoelectric stack or shape memory alloy, is positioned with respect to the assembly. The horn vibrates in a desirable first direction to form a weld on a work piece. The element controls any vibrations in a second direction by applying calibrated response to the anvil body in the second direction. A method for controlling undesirable vibrations in the system includes positioning the element with respect to the anvil assembly, connecting the anvil body to the support member through the back plate, vibrating the horn in a desirable first direction, and transmitting an input signal to the element to control vibration in an undesirable second direction.
Cai, Wayne W.; Kang, Bongsu; Tan, Chin-An
The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
The ATLAS Collaboration
LOW COST ACCELERATOR CONTROL SYSTEM S. Hagyary, J. Glat�� H.LOW COST ACCELERATOR CONTROL SYSTEM S. Magyary, J. Glatz, H.a high performance computer control system tailored to the
Magyary, S.
Level Neutial Beam Control System we have elucidated theseHigh Level Neutral Beam Control System 8!. References 1. V.High-Level Neutral-Beam Control System Victor Elischer Van
Elischer, V.
Actor-oriented control system design: A responsible framework perspective
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 12,pen- dulum swinging-up control system is used as an example10.1109/TCST.2004.824310 control systems consist of discrete
Liu, J; Eker, J; Janneck, J W; Liu, X J; Lee, E A
A sociotechnical framework for understanding infrastructure breakdown and repair
This paper looks at how and why infrastructure is repaired. With a new era of infrastructure spending underway, policymakers need to understand and anticipate the particular technical and political challenges posed by infrastructure repair. In particular, as infrastructure problems are increasingly in the public eye with current economic stimulus efforts, the question has increasingly been asked: why has it been so difficult for the United Statesto devote sustained resources to maintaining and upgrading its national infrastructure? This paper provides a sociotechnical framework for understanding the challenges of infrastructure repair, and demonstrates this framework using a case study of seismic retrofit of freeway bridges in California. The design of infrastructure is quite different from other types of design work even when new infrastructure is being designed. Infrastructure projects are almost always situated within, and must work with, existing infrastructure networks. As a result, compared to design of more discrete technological artifacts, the design of infrastructure systems requires a great deal of attention to interfaces as well as adaptation of design to the constraints imposed by existing systems. Also, because of their scale, infrastructural technologies engage with social life at a level where explicit political agendas may playa central role in the design process. The design and building of infrastructure is therefore often an enormously complex feat of sociotechnical engineering, in which technical and political agendas are negotiated together until an outcome is reached that allows the project to move forward. These sociotechnical settlements often result in a complex balancing of powerful interests around infrastructural artifacts; at the same time, less powerful interests have historically often been excluded or marginalized from such settlements.
Sims, Benjamin H [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Reactor control rod timing system. [LMFBR
A fluid driven jet-edge whistle timing system is described for control rods of a nuclear reactor for producing real-time detection of the timing of each control rod in its scram operation. An important parameter in reactor safety, particularly for liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBR), is the time deviation between the time the control rod is released and the time the rod actually reaches the down position. The whistle has a nearly pure tone signal with center frequency (above 100 kHz) far above the frequency band in which the energy of the background noise is concentrated. Each control rod can be fitted with a whistle with a different frequency so that there is no ambiguity in differentiating the signal from each control rod.
Wu, P.T.K.
Variable temperature seat climate control system
A temperature climate control system comprises a variable temperature seat, at least one heat pump, at least one heat pump temperature sensor, and a controller. Each heat pump comprises a number of Peltier thermoelectric modules for temperature conditioning the air in a main heat exchanger and a main exchanger fan for passing the conditioned air from the main exchanger to the variable temperature seat. The Peltier modules and each main fan may be manually adjusted via a control switch or a control signal. Additionally, the temperature climate control system may comprise a number of additional temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the ambient air surrounding the occupant as well as the temperature of the conditioned air directed to the occupant. The controller is configured to automatically regulate the operation of the Peltier modules and/or each main fan according to a temperature climate control logic designed both to maximize occupant comfort during normal operation, and minimize possible equipment damage, occupant discomfort, or occupant injury in the event of a heat pump malfunction.
Karunasiri, Tissa R. (Van Nuys, CA); Gallup, David F. (Pasadena, CA); Noles, David R. (Glendale, CA); Gregory, Christian T. (Alhambra, CA)
Secure and Efficient Routable Control Systems
This document provides the methods to secure routable control system communication in the electric sector. The approach of this document yields a long-term vision for a future of secure communication, while also providing near term steps and a roadmap. The requirements for the future secure control system environment were spelled out to provide a final target. Additionally a survey and evaluation of current protocols was used to determine if any existing technology could achieve this goal. In the end a four-step path was described that brought about increasing requirement completion and culminates in the realization of the long term vision.
Edgar, Thomas W.; Hadley, Mark D.; Manz, David O.; Winn, Jennifer D.
Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in...
the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in California Industries Title Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in California Industries Publication Type...
Intelligent Building Energy Information and Control Systems for...
Building Energy Information and Control Systems for Low-Energy Operations and Optimal Demand Response Title Intelligent Building Energy Information and Control Systems for...
Window signalling systems: control strategies and occupant behaviour
Occupant response to window control signaling systems (CBEDaly, A. (2002). Operable windows and HVAC systems. HPACK. (2008). The use of windows as controls for indoor
Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls | Open Energy Information
Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls Incentives Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleEnergyMgmt.SystemsBuildingControls&oldid267162" Category: Articles...
National SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in...
SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy sector National SCADA Test Bed Enhancing control systems security in the energy sector Improving the security of...
Security Framework for Control System Data Classification and...
Framework for Control System Data Classification and Protection Security Framework for Control System Data Classification and Protection This document presents a data...
A Summary of Control System Security Standards Activities in...
A Summary of Control System Security Standards Activities in the Energy Sector (October 2005) A Summary of Control System Security Standards Activities in the Energy Sector...
T-592: Cisco Security Advisory: Cisco Secure Access Control System...
2: Cisco Security Advisory: Cisco Secure Access Control System Unauthorized Password Change Vulnerability T-592: Cisco Security Advisory: Cisco Secure Access Control System...
Load Control for System Reliability and Measurement-Based Stability...
Load Control for System Reliability and Measurement-Based Stability Assessment Load Control for System Reliability and Measurement-Based Stability Assessment Research and develop...
Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability...
Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability Cyber Effects Analysis Using VCSE Promoting Control System Reliability This report describes the Virtual...
Optimal Nodal Control of Networked Hyperbolic Systems: Evaluation ...
Nov 4, 2004 ... At the nodes, the system is governed by algebraic node conditions. The system is controlled at the nodes of the graph. Optimal control�...
Common Cyber Security Vulnerabilities Observed in Control System...
Common Cyber Security Vulnerabilities Observed in Control System Assessments by the INL NSTB Program Common Cyber Security Vulnerabilities Observed in Control System Assessments by...
"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The...
"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP Report. Vol 7 No 8 "Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems." The CIP Report. Vol 7 No 8...
Thermal Control and System Integration to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Thermal Control and System Integration on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies...
Software Quality Assurance Control of Existing Systems
2.01.00 - 2002 2.01.00 - 2002 Software Quality Assurance Control of Existing Systems September 2002 United States Department of Energy Albuquerque Operations Office Abstract Existing software systems often represent significant investments and play important roles in the every day businesses of organizations. Many of these systems are experiencing support problems. To meet current and future operational needs, organizations need to plan how best to address these support issues. Some of the issues to consider are presented in this document with references to related standards for further detailed examination. Two tutorials, one based on software maintenance and another detailing a baseline recovery strategy are included. SQA Control of Existing Systems SQAS22.01.00-2002
Control method for multi-microgrid systems in smart grid environment -- Stability, optimization and smart demand participation
This paper presents a control strategy for microgrids in smart grid environment. A hierarchical control strategy is developed to ensure stability and to optimize operation of microgrid. Communication, control and advanced metering infrastructure of smart ...
Mohammadhassan A. Sofla; Roger King
this context, our critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) may be directly exposed to the event themselves or indirectly exposed as a result of the dependencies and interde- pendencies among CIKR. Within the CIKR protection mission area, national priorities must include preventing catastrophic loss of life
Sen, Pradeep
Energy, Climate & Infrastructure Security EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST Sandia Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND 2012-1846P CustomTraining Sandia providesPRAsandhowtheycanbemanaged to increase levels of safety and security. Like othertrainings,Sandiaexpertsdesigncoursesto beasbroadorin
Energy, Climate & Infrastructure Security EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST Sandia Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND 2012-0987P Transportation of the safe and secure transport of radioactive and hazardous materials. AWaytoEnsureSafeTransport Sandia
Preventing, Controlling and Mitigating Power System Separation
Large power system blackouts, although infrequent, may affect up to tens of millions of people and result in huge costs. A blackout is the result of a sequence of disturbances including initial events, consequent protective actions or additional failures, related vulnerability conditions, and accelerated cascading outages leading to the final blackout. Those disturbances may gradually weaken a power system's connections and result in growing angular oscillations between inter-connected control areas. If ...
Chaos and Control in Nonlinear Bloch System
The dynamics of two nonlinear Bloch systems is studied from the viewpoint of bifur- cation and a particular parameter space has been explored for the stability analysis based on stability criterion. This enables the choice of the desired unstable periodic orbit from the numerous unstable ones present within the attractor through the pro- cess of closed return pairs. A generalized active control method have been discussed for two Bloch systems arising from di erent initial conditions.
B. Rakshit; P. Saha; A. Roy. Chowdhury
Demand Reductions from the Application of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Pricing Programs, and Customer-Based Systems - Intial Results
U.S. Department of Energy | December 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. ii 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Organization of this Report....................................................................................... 3 2. Overview of Demand-Side Devices, Systems, Programs, and Expected Benefits ............... 4 2.1 Communications Networks Associated with AMI .................................................... 4
The role of research in improving infrastructure : an analysis of U.S. transportation research & development
Infrastructure systems are central to quality of life and economic competitiveness in nations worldwide, but daunting challenges stand in the way of providing systems capable of delivering needed infrastructure services. ...
Frazier, Kyle Andrew
Method and system for controlled combustion engines
A system for controlling combustion in internal combustion engines of both the Diesel or Otto type, which relies on establishing fluid dynamic conditions and structures wherein fuel and air are entrained, mixed and caused to be ignited in the interior of a multiplicity of eddies, and where these structures are caused to sequentially fill the headspace of the cylinders.
Oppenheim, A. K. (Berkeley, CA)
A laser thermal control system for a metal vapor laser maintains the wall temperature of the laser at a desired level by changing the effective emissivity of the water cooling jacket. This capability increases the overall efficiency of the laser. 8 figs.
Milner, J.R.
Distributed Timing and Triggering Control System
This document is a slide show type presentation regarding the need and realization of a new control system for work at the Nevada National Security Site. Commercial products that met the need are identified, both hardware and software. Particular emphasis is on the Integrated Signal Programmer.
Bowen, T., Huerta, J. A.
Oscillation control system for electric motor drive
A feedback system for controlling mechanical oscillations in the torsionally complaint drive train of an electric or other vehicle. Motor speed is converted in a processor to estimate state signals in which a plant model which are used to electronically modify the torque commands applied to the motor. 5 figs.
Slicker, J.M.; Sereshteh, A.
A feedback system for controlling mechanical oscillations in the torsionally complaint drive train of an electric or other vehicle. Motor speed is converted in a processor to estimate state signals in which a plant model which are used to electronically modify thetorque commands applied to the motor.
Slicker, James M. (Union Lake, MI); Sereshteh, Ahmad (Union Lake, MI)
Asset Management of Critical Infrastructure ur critical infrastructure--
Asset Management of Critical Infrastructure O ur critical infrastructure-- roads, bridges, transit-of-the-art approach to asset management of public infrastructure. ORNL's Capabilities · Simulation-based, optimization. · Innovative optimization tools to assess tradeoffs between construction, maintenance, and demolition over
Railroad system of Texas: A component of the state and national transportation infrastructure. Research report, September 1996--November 1998
Railroads continue to play an important role in the Texas transportation system. This study addresses the potential for implementing a rail planning process in the Texas Department of Transportation. The study is documented in three reports, produced in coordinated and parallel efforts by the Center for Transportation Research and the Texas Transportation Institute. This report documents the work performed by TTI, whereby a rail planning framework is presented which formalizes the planning process and presents the key elements as a series of discrete and logical steps. These steps may be used to guide TxDOT in the formation of goals, identification of issues and affected parties, selection of appropriate analytical methodologies, location of data sources, and implementation of results. The report also presents an in-depth discussion of several key issues facing transportation agencies. These include rail line abandonment, intermodal service planning, and urban rail rationalization. A discussion of the Texas rail system covers the Class 1 railroads, shortline railroads, Amtrak, and the Mexican rail system.
Roop, S.S.; Warner, J.E.; Rosa, D.; Dickinson, R.W.
Integrated Computing, Communication, and Distributed Control of Deregulated Electric Power Systems
Restructuring of the electricity market has affected all aspects of the power industry from generation to transmission, distribution, and consumption. Transmission circuits, in particular, are stressed often exceeding their stability limits because of the difficulty in building new transmission lines due to environmental concerns and financial risk. Deregulation has resulted in the need for tighter control strategies to maintain reliability even in the event of considerable structural changes, such as loss of a large generating unit or a transmission line, and changes in loading conditions due to the continuously varying power consumption. Our research efforts under the DOE EPSCoR Grant focused on Integrated Computing, Communication and Distributed Control of Deregulated Electric Power Systems. This research is applicable to operating and controlling modern electric energy systems. The controls developed by APERC provide for a more efficient, economical, reliable, and secure operation of these systems. Under this program, we developed distributed control algorithms suitable for large-scale geographically dispersed power systems and also economic tools to evaluate their effectiveness and impact on power markets. Progress was made in the development of distributed intelligent control agents for reliable and automated operation of integrated electric power systems. The methodologies employed combine information technology, control and communication, agent technology, and power systems engineering in the development of intelligent control agents for reliable and automated operation of integrated electric power systems. In the event of scheduled load changes or unforeseen disturbances, the power system is expected to minimize the effects and costs of disturbances and to maintain critical infrastructure operational.
Bajura, Richard; Feliachi, Ali
Analysis and control of distributed cooperative systems.
As part of DARPA Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO) Software for Distributed Robotics (SDR) Program, Sandia National Laboratories has developed analysis and control software for coordinating tens to thousands of autonomous cooperative robotic agents (primarily unmanned ground vehicles) performing military operations such as reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition; countermine and explosive ordnance disposal; force protection and physical security; and logistics support. Due to the nature of these applications, the control techniques must be distributed, and they must not rely on high bandwidth communication between agents. At the same time, a single soldier must easily direct these large-scale systems. Finally, the control techniques must be provably convergent so as not to cause undo harm to civilians. In this project, provably convergent, moderate communication bandwidth, distributed control algorithms have been developed that can be regulated by a single soldier. We have simulated in great detail the control of low numbers of vehicles (up to 20) navigating throughout a building, and we have simulated in lesser detail the control of larger numbers of vehicles (up to 1000) trying to locate several targets in a large outdoor facility. Finally, we have experimentally validated the resulting control algorithms on smaller numbers of autonomous vehicles.
Feddema, John Todd; Parker, Eric Paul; Wagner, John S.; Schoenwald, David Alan
Computer-controlled radiation monitoring system
A computer-controlled radiation monitoring system was designed and installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory`s Multiuser Tandem Laboratory (10 MV tandem accelerator from High Voltage Engineering Corporation). The system continuously monitors the photon and neutron radiation environment associated with the facility and automatically suspends accelerator operation if preset radiation levels are exceeded. The system has proved reliable real-time radiation monitoring over the past five years, and has been a valuable tool for maintaining personnel exposure as low as reasonably achievable.
Homann, S.G.
Refueling Infrastructure for Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Lessons...
NextEnergy (Detroit) Station Infrastructure Lessons Learned 4 UNITED STATES Department of Energy Infrastructure Lessons Learned Infrastructure Legal Contracts Legal agreements take...
Integrating Infrastructure Planning: The Role of Schools
Integrating Infrastructure Planning: The Role of Schools B Ypolice protection, and infrastructure that makes citiesplan to upgrade critical infrastructure. The plan calls for
McKoy, Deborah; Vincent, Jeffrey M.; Makarewicz, Carrie
Intelligent Fluid Infrastructure for Embedded Networking
mobile element into the networking infrastructure.Our fluid infrastructure design saves significant energy inIntelligent Fluid Infrastructure for Embedded Networks Aman
Kansal, Aman; Somasundara, Arun; Jea, David C; Srivastava, Mani B; Estrin, D
Re-imagining Infrastructure | Department of Energy
Re-imagining Infrastructure Re-imagining Infrastructure Document was provided during March 4, 2011 DOE-QTR meeting Re-imagining Infrastructure More Documents & Publications INL...
Transit Infrastructure Finance Through Station Location Auctions
as the primary transit infrastructure finance method.Paper 2009-04 Transit Infrastructure Finance Through StationWP-2009-04 Transit Infrastructure Finance Through Station
Ian Carlton
and redundant civic infrastructure. Opposite: Users at theand gardens are users of infrastructure, demanding more andResilient Everyday Infrastructure William R. Morrish When a
Protecting critical infrastructures while preserving each organization's autonomy
In critical infrastructures (CIs), different organizations must cooperate, while being mutually suspicious since they have different interests and can be in competition on some markets. Moreover, in most cases, there is no recognized authority that can ... Keywords: access control policies and models, collaboration, critical infrastructure protection, interoperability, security
Yves Deswarte
Space Imaging Infrastructure Development of PUBSAT and NERVA Orbital Vehicle
Imaging infrastructure development for the PUBSAT nanosatellite and the associated NERVA orbital nano-launcher are presented, with emphasize on challenges related to environmental and political problems of high atmospheric flight on the seashore of western ... Keywords: Attitude control, space imaging, weightlessness simulation, flight-testing, space telecommunications, nano-satellite, sub-orbital test, area infrastructure
Radu D. Rugescu; Josephine Kohlenberg; Mahendiran Prathaban
Configuration-based IDS for advanced metering infrastructure
Smart grid deployment initiatives have been witnessed in the past recent years. Smart grids provide bi-directional communication between meters and headend system through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Recent studies highlight the threats targeting ... Keywords: advanced metering infrastructure, intrusion detection systems, smart grid
Muhammad Qasim Ali, Ehab Al-Shaer
Underground Infrastructure Research and Education
productivity, environmental improvement and renewal of the aging underground infrastructure. OrganizationalCenter for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education CUIRE Board Members Sam Arnaout Pipe Association Tim Kennedy, AMERON NOV Chad Kopecki, Dallas Water Utilities David Marshall, Tarrant
Texas at Arlington, University of
Infrastructure for Integrated Electronics Design & ...
Infrastructure for Integrated Electronics Design & Manufacturing (IIEDM) Project. ... designed to support distributed supply chain integration and e ...
Data Diodes in Support of a Power Grid Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are an integral part of the industrial infrastructure providing for the national good. While sharing basic constructs with Information Technology (IT) business systems, ICSs are technically, administratively, and functionally more complex and unique than business IT systems. Critical infrastructure protection focuses on protecting and maintaining a safe and reliable supply of electric power, oil, water, gasoline, chemicals, food, etc. Cyber vul-nerabilities are important if they can affect the safe, functional performance of these systems and processes. The majority of ICS exhibit vulnerable devices with unsecured physical access and/or subject to insider attack. In this whitepaper, we advocate trusted process control networks as a way to address the serious cyber security flaws which combines both white/black listing into a design philosophy that addresses information warfare scenarios, software process