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Kristen is distraught without Rob in her life — she's dieting on cigarettes, red bull, and occasional bags of potato chips, says a new report! Read on for all the details!
Kristen Stewart is reportedly so depressed over cheating on Robert Pattinson that she's resorted to a very unhealthy diet!
"Kristen is a nervous wreck and existing on a diet of cigarettes, sugar-free Red Bull and the occasional bag of potato chips," an insider revealed to ShowbizSpy.
"She's been hiding out at the LA home of a producer friend and is looking pale and worn-out. Whenever anyone tries to push her to eat even a small bowl of soup, she either claims that she's just had something, which isn't true, or that she's nauseous and there's no chance of keeping anything down," the source added.
"Kristen is grief-stricken and has hit rock-bottom. In many ways, Kristen living off cigs and Red Bull is a way of punishing herself. Part of her just doesn't want to feel better."
However, a source tells HollywoodLife.com that these claims "are not true."
What do YOU think, HollywoodLifers? Does Rob miss Kristen? Should he forgive her and put her our of her misery?
– Christopher Rogers
More Breaking Dawn news:
- 'Breaking Dawn — Part 2:' Shocking New Ending Revealed
- Stephenie Meyer Urges 'Twilight' Fans: Don't Name Your Child Renesmee
- New 'Breaking Dawn Part 2′ Trailer — See Kristen Stewart & Rob Pattinson In Love Before Affair
View Comment
Robert´s fan
Posted at 10:47 AM on August 19, 2012
big fan of robsten
Posted at 10:15 AM on August 19, 2012
I am tired of this misery , Rob if you want her back just say it , yes she cheated on you, she didn't appreciate what she had now she does , she is wrecked , destroying her self for you, are you punishing her or what exactly do you want, if you rally still have something for her would take her back, I felt pity for you at the beginning , but the way she's acting to win you back, now I feel pity for her, in spite of all this I still wish that you would get back together
Posted at 9:41 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 11:11 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 8:08 AM on August 19, 2012
The two things I surmised about her from afar was that she was discreet and wasn't the running around with other guys for drama type. So it just shows we don't know anything about someone from just looking at pics. I kind of thought those were some of her best selling points too as someone that would date a fellow actor who wouldn't want to be sideswiped at a crucial time in career. Oh well. Lessons learned, next bf up, watch your back.
Emilia Holdt
Posted at 6:54 AM on August 19, 2012
Enough already
Posted at 6:43 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 6:15 AM on August 19, 2012
N'aw bless her, I know how she feels (well kinda the whole world isn't staring at me)
Smoking is just gonna kill you and junk food only helps for a while, drank 8 red bulls in 1 day and I felt rlly rlly bad it's not right to punish yourself loseing the love of your life is punishment enough
Posted at 5:37 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 8:15 AM on August 19, 2012
Doubt it. Sounds like Rob may have sold his house already, sounds like he's not taking her calls (why would D.B. put out hate tweets now otherwise) and sounds like he's going to spend the next few years in the Australian outback, Jordan, Iraq and the U.K. Can't get much farther away than that. Wonder who will watch his dog or if he will take him with? The dog was doing some humorously stubborn paw plants into the cement as Kristen was trying to drag/walk him around NYC, so I doubt if he wants to cuddle up with her and the wolves.
Posted at 5:36 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 5:16 AM on August 19, 2012
hey Kristen don't make such a fool things, you really talented, beautiful and pretty fashionable. So come on! get the trough all of this. You love him so much but you've made worst decision. We know that you are in depressed zone but rob really depressed too. For Rob, If you really love her so much, you should try to talk or saving her even you just want to be her friend not her beloved any more.
Posted at 4:54 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 9:32 AM on August 19, 2012
he really really loved her but she didn't . Why would she wants him back. She is disgusting. Come out already , in a few days it will die down and both of you can move on. Ksrew has Sweeney waiting for her and Rob will find someone he can trust again, meanwhile Rob should enjoy all the beautiful ladies out there. He is young and beautiful
Posted at 4:45 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 4:36 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 8:53 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 4:06 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 9:36 AM on August 19, 2012
sorry but there are too many idiots on this board, however this situation is , she brought it on all by herself. you think Rob wants sloppy seconds now. Why don't you call out Rupert after she is so cozy with him, she doesn't love Rob anymore ……so all you stupid brains who try to blame Rob….write to Rupervert
Posted at 3:40 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 3:08 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 3:06 AM on August 19, 2012
Posted at 9:37 AM on August 19, 2012


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By ABC News' James Hill and Beth Loyd
The last thing jurors in the John Edwards trial saw today before the prosecution rested was video from a "Nightline" interview that shows Edwards lying.
As the prosecution wrapped up its case, the state used the last 15 minutes or so to play most of ABC's Bob Woodruff's interview with Edwards, in which the former presidential hopeful admitted to having an affair with Rielle Hunter. The interview, which originally aired on "Nightline" in August 2008, was the first time Edwards publicly admitted that Hunter was his mistress, but denied fathering her child.
Edwards was in the courtroom, watching himself on the video as it played. At times, Edwards looked down or put his head in his hands.
Watch part 1 of the 2008 "Nightline" interview here:
And part 2 here:
Edwards is accused of illegally using campaign funds to hide Hunter and the baby. He claims any money he received to hide Hunter was a personal gift and he was motivated only to keep the affair and his daughter with Hunter a secret from his wife, not the government.
ABC News' Lauren Effron contributed to this report

subset: commoncrawl


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OP Junior Member
Thanks Meter: 0
3 posts
Join Date:Joined: Aug 2014
I rooted my phone with TowelRoot, and it worked fine.. Then I decided to use AutoRec to get TWRP, and I accidentally used the wrong version.
It didn't really do anything until I went to reset my phone, and when I did I got the "Fastboot Mode Started / udc_start()" screen. After finding some similar problems on Google, they all required Download Mode, but when I do the steps for that, the "download mode" screen pops up for a split second before going to the Fastboot screen again, but it has a few more lines now "reset / portchange / reset / portchange / fastboot: processing commands"..
If ANYONE can help, I'd greatly appreciate it.


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- Gourmet Kosher Cooking - http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com -
Easy Recipes
Posted By elizabeth On October 10, 2010 @ 2:15 am In Blog,Feedburner | No Comments
GKC is excited to announce its new section: Easy Recipes. Isn't that what you've been waiting for? Especially after all the cooking for the holidays?! Along with our regular weekly and Shabbos offerings we will now present the Easy Recipe of the Week. In addition, all easy recipes on the site will soon be marked with the easy recipe icon so that you can find them…easily!! Here are some quick recipes, new and old, to get you started. Enjoy
Easy Recipes
Tomato Salad [1]
Chocolate Mousse [2]
Chicken with Duck Sauce [3]
Chocolate Peanut Butter Krispie Brownies [4]
Spicy Black Bean Soup [5]
Article printed from Gourmet Kosher Cooking: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com
URL to article: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/easy-recipes/
URLs in this post:
[1] Tomato Salad: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/tomato-salad/
[2] Chocolate Mousse: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/chocolate-mousse/
[3] Chicken with Duck Sauce: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/chicken-with-duck-sauce-2/
[4] Chocolate Peanut Butter Krispie Brownies: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/chocolate-peanut-butter-krispie-brownies/
[5] Spicy Black Bean Soup: http://www.gourmetkoshercooking.com/2010/10/spicy-black-bean-soup-2/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2009 Gourmet Kosher Cooking. All rights reserved.


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Swindon v Leyton Orient
Swindon boss Danny Wilson may make a host of changes to the side that lost to Brighton.Vincent Pericard and Simon Ferry could be promoted from the bench to take the places of David Prutton and David Ball. Leyton Orient striker Scott McGleish is likely to be rested ahead of their match with Charlton on Friday night, so Jonathan Tehoue will take his place. On-loan Sunderland youngster Michael Liddle will continue in defence in the absence of the injured Charlie Daniels. Swindon Town boss D.... read more
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Teenager Arrested for Fatally Shooting Man in the Rockaways, Police Say
By Aidan Gardiner on November 30, 2012 7:24am
THE ROCKAWAYS — A teenager was arrested Thursday for fatally shooting a 28-year-old man in the Rockaways earlier this week, according to the NYPD.
Barshem Sanford, 17, was taken into custody for shooting Davis Devon, 28, in the 6th floor hallway of 146 Beach 59th St. Wednesday, authorities said.
Devon, who lived in the building, was already dead when emergency responders arrived, officials said.
Sanford has been charged with murder and criminal possession of a weapon, police said.


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Join or Sign In
Sewing began my 'adventure with fabric' in seventh grade. Fast forward about three decades, and it was machine applique that won my attention. Presently, I like to blend applique with scrap quilting techniques; and share my e-patterns here. I do still love new fabrics; however, am on a quest to turn my fabric stash into scrappy quilts. Visit me at my website or blog to find out more.


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Index Map of Recent Earthquakes in California-Nevada (this will open the USGS.GOV recent earthquake website)
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Reports
Labor market risks of a magnitude 6.9 earthquake in Alameda County (PDF)
Labor market risks of a magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Southern California (PDF)


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Who's your daddy? Bill Clinton accepting 'Father of the Year' award
Tweet |
**Written by Doug Powers
Anthony Weiner, runner-up?
The award was announced a few months ago, but the ceremony is today:
He's been commander in chief, Time magazine's 1993 man of the year, had hopes of becoming "First Laddie" of the United States and now former U.S. President Bill Clinton is in line for a new title – Father of the Year.
The non-profit National Father's Day Council plans to award him that honor at a New York fundraiser for Save the Children on Tuesday.
The National Father's Day Council cited Clinton's philanthropy work through the William J. Clinton Foundation and the Clinton Global Initiative, both started after he left the White House in 2001.
Can "Husband of the Year" be far behind?
In 2007 the same organization gave the award to another world class dad — a beacon of monogamy and faithfulness who led kids by example. You might recognize him:
**Written by Doug Powers
Twitter @ThePowersThatBe
The Clintons are so concerned about climate change that they logged 50,000 private jet miles campaigning for Dems
November 11, 2014 09:57 AM by Doug Powers
Hillary Clinton's big Iowa motorcade must be part of her 'mass movement' on climate change
September 14, 2014 09:37 PM by Doug Powers
Hillary Clinton's 'altruism' sure does seem to benefit the Clintons quite a bit
July 6, 2014 10:02 AM by Doug Powers
Another law signed by Bill Clinton comes back to bite the Dems?
June 30, 2014 02:19 PM by Doug Powers
Hillary relates to the working class: We were 'dead broke' after leaving the White House
June 9, 2014 09:51 AM by Doug Powers
Categories: Bill Clinton, Feature Story, Hillary Clinton


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Mexico's international image is taking a beating these days, even from two worlds that rarely see eye-to-eye: The Holy See and Hollywood.
Time to Silence Terrorists on Social Media
Reports Wednesday that three men have been arrested over plans to travel from New York to join ISIS -- and that one of them allegedly posted online about his desire to shoot the President of the United States -- is simply the latest reminder that terrorist groups and their sympathizers are exploiting the freedom of cyberspace.
UK to Mark 'World Yoga Day' on June 21
Britain will mark the recently- declared 'World Yoga Day' by the United Nations with a mega event on June 21, in what may be seen as India's growing "soft power" in the world.
CNN Gets Green Light to Resume Broadcasting in Russia
Russia's federal communications agency Roskomnadzor has signed an order on issuing a certificate of registration in Russia to US news channel CNN International, the agency's spokesman, Vadim Ampelonsky, said Thursday.
Can Atheistic China Play Conflict Mediator in 'God's Century'?
Think open dialogue and reconciliation and China isn't usually the first country that comes to mind. But in 2013 China shifted its principle of "non-interference in other countries" to one of active conflict resolution in some of the world's most intractable contexts: Israel-Palestine, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. (...) But while it may be a welcome foray, its success will be muted at best unless China can overcome one major blind spot: religion.
Trust Needed Between U.S. And Chinese Film Markets
Professor Martha Bayles of Boston College's College of Arts and Sciences honors department brought together leaders within the film industry for a panel discussion on Feb. 23 about how America is internationally perceived. (...) She explores America's image abroad and the potentially surprising lack of desirability in America's freedom and democracy, as well as the distorted portrayals of these qualities among America's cultural exports.
The Philippines and Vietnam: Strategic Partners?
Enjoying steady bilateral relations since diplomatic ties were established after the Vietnam War in 1976, the Philippines and Vietnam are now engaging in high-level dialogues to try to establish a strategic partnership.
#CoinsForAustralia and Soft Power in Indonesia
Street protests to collect 'Coins for Australia' or 'Coins for Abbott' have spread from Aceh to the capital and beyond, with even the vice president offering to repay the $1 billion in aid contributed by Australia for recovery efforts after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.
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Can a Marine call Obama a 'religious enemy' - and still be a Marine?
A military panel recommended a 'less than honorable' discharge for a Marine who railed against President Obama on Facebook. But the Marine's lawyers say he has First Amendment rights.
Gary Stein/AP
Is the US military violating the First Amendment by recommending the other-than-honorable discharge of a Marine who criticized President Obama on Facebook?
That's what lawyers for Sgt. Gary Stein are arguing.
Sergeant Stein has called the president "the economic and religious enemy" and advocated for Mr. Obama's defeat in the upcoming election through the sale of NOBAMA 2012 bumper stickers on one of four websites (including Armed Forces Tea Party) that Stein operates.
The Marine also allegedly put the president's face on a "Jackass" movie poster.
The US Marine Corps has charged that Sergeant Stein's comments were "prejudicial to good order and discipline."
The case raises questions that have long dogged the American military, says Eugene R. Fidell, who teaches military justice at Yale Law School. "It's one of these cases that comes up from time to time that puts in high relief the tension between the rights of service personnel, and the obligations that come with the privilege of wearing the uniform. It's an age-old issue in an open society such as ours."
There was a time that commissioned officers were encouraged not to vote, Mr. Fidell points out. That has since changed, and US troops are sent absentee ballots when fighting wars overseas.
Today, however, Pentagon rules continue to prohibit US troops in uniform from taking part in any TV or radio show that advocates for or against a political party or to speak at political rallies.
Still, similar debates about the line between freedom of speech and what might be regarded as threats to civilian control of the military continue. During the Nixon administration, for example, an enlisted soldier with a bumper sticker that read "Impeach Nixon" was brought up on charges "and the authorities had to figure out what if anything was to be done," Fidell notes. "I think they ultimately just said 'To hell with it,' and let it go."


text: We stayed here a couple of years ago and can't imagine why I didn't write a review as we were stunned by the excellence of the food. I still remember how pleasantly surprised we were by the quality of the kitchen. This is Michelin star cooking and I would make a special effort to travel here again if it operated... More


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Vedanta, the highest state of consciousness and self realization can be achieved only while traveling. OUR CONCEPT... Más información »
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Go to Admin » Appearance » Widgets » and move Gabfire Widget: Social into that MastheadOverlay zone
FAIRBANKS, Alaska — A judge has ruled that an Alaska borough must release personnel records from Senate Republican candidate Joe Miller's time as a government attorney.
Several news organizations sued for the information. The Daily News-Miner reported Saturday that retired Superior Court Judge Winston Burbank says the public's right to know outweighs Miller's right to privacy.
Miller recently acknowledged he was disciplined for violating the ethics policy while working for the Fairbanks North Star Borough, but said it was unrelated to his departure from the borough.
Burbank ordered that the documents be released by 4 p.m. on Tuesday, which allows time for an appeal. Media attorney Chris Zimmerman says he expects Miller's attorneys to appeal the decision to the Alaska Supreme Court.


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40 Years Ago: Kiss Release 'Hotter than Hell'
On October 22, 1974 Kiss overcame a difficult recording session to release their second album, 'Hotter Than Hell.'
On October 22, 1974 Kiss overcame a difficult recording session to release their second album, 'Hotter Than Hell.'
Kiss founder Paul Stanley, echoing his bandmate Gene Simmons' much-discussed "rock is dead" declaration, says the group wouldn't stand a chance if it tried to start its career today.
Here's your chance to win an LA Kiss shirt signed by both Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley, a one-of-a-kind keepsake for any season.
The seeds of Kiss, quite famously, grew from an early '70s band called Wicked Lester.
They've been a fixture on the charts for decades, many current and former members have written memoirs and band co-founder Gene Simmons even had his own reality show, so how much of the Kiss story could really be left untold?
Patricia Thayer, mother of Kiss guitarist Tommy Thayer, has passed away.
Ace Frehley responded to Paul's Stanley's complaints about his guitar playing with some charges of his own.
Ace Frehley has certainly had his differences with his former bandmates in Kiss, much of it on a very public stage.
We all know Alice Cooper loves to spend his downtime on the golf course -- and if this photo is anything to go by, he tends to keep some fairly famous company while he's hitting the links.
Kiss fans will soon be able to pull the trigger on an even bigger 'Love Gun.'


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How are you going to type in the billing zip code when you have a prepaid
I used a pre-paid AMEX gift card with $5 on it and entered my zip code and it worked
BTW, all of the codes listed in the OP and Quick Summary are no longer valid except DVDONME and BREAKROOM. I have tested these out with different cards and locations...
rv623wzj One time use . Expires 11:59 CT. Can not use this today. Please post if used.
I have 3 one-time use codes... expire 2/11 at midnight.635H6W35H47RMQDH2XGGNTQQStuck from the storm, so can't use 'em!
Wrong Forum
Spam, Referral or Self Promotion


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Narrow Results
Schluchsee Swimming AttractionsHere are the top Schluchsee swimming listings so you can find the best in Schluchsee for your trip. Read these swimming reviews written by real travelers. You can narrow these results using the filters to the left.
1. Lake ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Titisee-Neustadt, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany The lake is lovely, sure. You can take a boat trip. Or you can swim in it at the private beach (need to pay to get in). It's completely taken over by tourists. They are.. ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Lauchringen, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany The best swimming pool in this area. it is heated. it also has a beach volley ball field and a huge chess field. 4. Badi ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Holzen, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany fun in the summer, ideal for kids ADD TO LIST (2 reviews) Istein, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany nice on sunny days, especially if you like to sunbathe naked... the only problem are some guys that stroll around, looking for some "action"... 6. Panorama Bad ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Freudenstadt, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany D Die Wellness-Insel im Panorama-Bad ie Wellness-Insel im Panorama-Bad Die Saunalandschaft 7. Bodensee ADD TO LIST (2 reviews) Radolfzell am Bodensee, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany Gemütlich ein paar Stunden am See verbringen, und dennoch etwas lernen. Das Sea life befindet sich in der nähe wo mann einiges über die Tierwelt im Bodensee lernen.. ADD TO LIST (5 reviews) Konstanz, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany My aunt took me to visit an annual flower show at Lake Konstanz... the show is just one species of flower (which eludes me now) but it has many colours and varieties... 9. Weststadt ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Ravensburg, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany hello, ravensburg!!!!!!!!!!! les gens macclament 10. Phantasia Land ADD TO LIST (1 reviews) Bruhl, Baden-Wurttemberg Region, Germany super freizeitpark..man kann dort unheimlich viel spaß haben |


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HILLSVILLE — Fees for fire department services, charged to insurance companies, might be on the agenda in Carroll County in the near future.
Included in the April board meeting packet for the Carroll County Supervisors as an informational item is a draft ordinance written by Emergency Services Director Joe Roma.
The draft states that the idea is to "offset the continued cost of providing emergency fire protection services and to provide funds to equip and operate such services to promote the public health, safety and welfare."
The team of Twin County localities and People Inc. will make available a small business loan program, after the state chipped in $200,000.
Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development provided the grant and community action agency People Inc. of Southwest Virginia matched that with $120,000 borrowed from the Small Business Administration, said Robert Goldsmith, People Inc.'s president and CEO.
The General Assembly made no appointment to fill the vacant 27th Judicial District Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court judgeship before adjourning this year's session.
That means that no action has been taken to find a permanent replacement for Michael Keith Blankenship, who resigned from that post at the end of last year.
Legislators normally make the judicial appointments, but the state senators and delegates could not come to a consensus on the pool of candidates for the judgeship.
INDEPENDENCE — In tough economic times, people are quick to give up many things, one of which is eating out.
Taphne Taylor owns and operates the Davis Bourne Inn and Journey's End Restaurant in Independence, and knows all about the hard times. In recent months, she has been working overtime to come up with new ideas to bring business to both her restaurant and inn.
One recent change was to hire a new chef to cook at her restaurant.
Boucher voting record 'pro-abortion'
At a town hall meeting in March, Rep. Rick Boucher responded to questions about the inappropriately named Freedom of Choice Act.
He stated opposition to radical proee'abortion provisions in question and denied that such a bill existed.
Dog bear hunting is cruel
I would like to reply to the March 18 article "Bear License About Control, Not Revenue."
I find the article offensive to Virginia hunters by indicating they were out to kill anything they found just because the species was a legal kill. The hunters I know don't just blow something away because they came across it.
As our ongoing series, "Adapting to the Economy" has shown, local businesses are reshaping the way they do business in order to survive. We've been impressed by their ingenuity.
They're doing it on their own, with their own initiative and creativity, not relying on government handouts or taxpayer dollars.
As the national economy falters, it's encouraging to see our hometown entrepreneurs try new things, scrap what doesn't work and, in some cases, reinvent themselves for today's world.
MAX MEADOWS -- 2009 is supposed to be the year. Thursday was not the day.
PEARISBURG -- Galax couldn't overcome a three-run first inning by Giles and fell to the Spartans 6-4 in a nondistrict game last Wednesday. The Maroon Tide was able to get to within a run on three occasions, first on a two-run home run by freshman Travis Garvey in the second. Tyler Houk doubled and scored on Zach Robinson's sacrifice fly to cut Giles' lead to 4-3 in th
Emory and Henry is like the Fort Knox of college basketball. There is no shortage of guards. That's just one reason that Cameron Frazier should fit right in.


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The National Institute of Integrative Medicine is currently undergoing an exciting new expansion, if you are an Integrative GP or medical practitioner looking to be involved please contact the NIIM Clinic at email@example.com or (03) 9804 0646 to discuss potential opportunities.
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Oceans to acid
Oceans act as giant sponges for CO2 - but what eases global warming harms marine life.
Call it the case of the missing "greenhouse gas." For years, scientists have been trying to figure out where carbon dioxide goes once humans generate it. Significant amounts billow into the atmosphere. But each year, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been rising only half as fast as humans supply the gas.
The hiding place, it turns out, is the world's oceans. And the implications for marine life are troubling, researchers say. If industrial CO2 emissions continue to increase at their current rate, by the end of the century the surface waters of the world's oceans are likely to become more acidic. Though the change appears subtle, it could threaten key organisms at the base of the marine food chain and further endanger shallow-water reefs, which represent some of the most biologically productive ecosystems on the planet. The absorption of this extra carbon dioxide would induce changes in ocean chemistry not seen for at least 20 million years, some researchers say.
"A lot has been said about carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" and its impact on climate, says John Raven, a marine biologist at the University of Dundee in Scotland. But geophysical chemistry also "has pretty firmly established that when CO2 in the atmosphere dissolves into the ocean, the surface ocean will become more acidic. That is something that is happening."
The oceans have been viewed as a potential brake on global warming through natural and engineered approaches to storing carbon- dioxide there. Ironically, it now seems that increased ocean uptake of CO2 "is not a good thing overall," he says.
Page 1 of 4


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Enemy soldiers gather - to strive for peace
Shunned by their respective governments, former Israeli and Palestinian fighters have been meeting in secret, seeking common ground.
The stark white room buzzes with Arabic and Hebrew conversation as a group of about 50 men jovially shake hands and arrange themselves in seats around its perimeter. The men range in age from 20 to 60. Some wear suits and polished shoes; others are dressed casually in sweat pants and T-shirts.
They have one thing in common: All are former combatants who struggled to defend their state - but half of them are former Israeli soldiers or pilots, while the other half are former Palestinian "freedom fighters," many of whom served time in Israeli jails.
These men once fought against each other. Together they form a new organization called Combatants for Peace, which - after being kept secret for a year - will make its public debut in Jerusalem on April 10. The date coincides with the Jewish holiday of Passover and Palestinian Prisoners Day, which is devoted to those detained in Israeli prisons.
Combatants for Peace brings together these ex-fighters to encourage dialogue, peace, and an end to conflict in the region.
Former commander Zohar Shapira, an elite Israeli Defense Force (IDF) soldier for 15 years, started the ball rolling when he left the army because he felt its actions and incursions in Palestinian territories were "immoral." He contacted a group of former Palestinian Fatah fighters from around Bethlehem. In their first meeting, Mr. Shapira says, all were stunned to find so much common ground, and they decided to formalize an alliance.
"Our members are fighters from all ranks of Israeli military and Palestinian militant factions," says Bassam Aramin, one of the Palestinian cocreators of the group. They "know the meaning of freedom, and the price of war."
The group's monthly meetings are charged with emotion, says Yonatan Shapira, Zohar's brother and another cofounder. For new Palestinian members, it may be the first time they have seen an unarmed Israeli soldier, Yonatan says. "For Israelis," he continues, "they're often at first afraid of talking in front of Palestinians about what they did during combat. For every new member, it's a frightening experience, but it's also exhilarating."
Page 1 of 4


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Argentina makes arrests in 'flights of death' killings
Argentine authorities have arrested three former policemen in connection with what became known as flights of death during military rule.
They are accused of being the crew when French nun Leonie Duquet and rights activist Azucena Villaflor were thrown from a plane in 1977.
Their bodies washed ashore and were buried in an unmarked grave until their remains were identified in 2005.
Hundreds of political prisoners are known to have died this way.
A judge on Tuesday ordered the arrest of former police officers Enrique Jose De Saint Georges, Mario Daniel Arru and Alejandro Domingo D'Agostino.....
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Glamour For All comes to Gilt.
The glossy has teamed with the luxury e-tailer on an exclusive collection of footwear.
Featuring nine styles, the line was designed to dress a woman for all the "key moments" in her life.
"We wanted to translate the key fall trends in a way that was both stylish and wearable," said Christina Pérez, fashion development editor at Glamour. "We worked with a variety of shapes, materials and colors to ensure that there was something chic for everyone — no matter their style personality."
Most of the collection, which is made up of pony-hair flats, lace-up booties and pumps, retails under $100, with a pair of boots ringing in at $129.
"As a former Glamour editor myself, I knew the magazine's on-the-pulse sense of what's major each season would really resonate with Gilt shoppers," said Tracey Lomrantz Lester, Gilt's senior editorial director.
The collection goes on sale at www.gilt.com/glamourshoes from Sept. 5.


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Stuart Broad missed England's practice session on Wednesday as he went to see a specialist about his broken nose.
Broad suffered the nasty injury while batting in the fourth Investec Test against India at Old Trafford, when an upper edge from a quick Varun Aaron delivery went between the grille of his helmet.
The paceman has been cleared to play in the final Test at the Kia Oval, which starts on Friday, but speculation remains whether he will have to play in a mask or possibly wearing a splint to protect his nose.
Broad tweeted pictures of himself on Tuesday of masks worn by Batman and his most recent super villain opponent Bane, joking they were his two favourites so far.
Team-mate Joe Root says it is vital Broad plays in the finale after showing his form in the first innings in Manchester, where he took 6-25 as India were bowled out for 152 on the opening day of what turned into an innings defeat.
Root said: "He's only just turned up at the ground and he's not got his normal boyband looks. It will be interesting to see how he pulls up over the next couple of days.
"You want all of your form players playing. To come out of the last game with six wickets it's going to be important to hopefully get him back in the side so fingers crossed he will be raring to go on Friday."
Should Broad not be passed fit, Steven Finn stands by for a return to the side after being named in an unchanged squad from the one successful at Old Trafford.
India captain MS Dhoni was also absent from his side's training session although team officials said it was nothing more than a rest day.
Watch live coverage of the final Investec Test between England and india from the Kia Oval on Friday on Sky Sports 2 HD - the programme starts at 10am.


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Hereford v Lincoln
Hereford manager Jamie Pitman has no new injury worries ahead of the visit of Lincoln.Defender Joe Heath is available after completing a one-match ban and could return to the side. Lincoln are hoping that defender Adam Watts will overcome a hamstring injury in time to face the Bulls. Midfielder Clark Keltie is still struggling with a thigh problem and will miss out, as will winger Mustapha Carayol (hamstring)..... read more
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Battery acid may leak onto an ABS wiring connector which could cause corrosion or a short circuit. A revised battery tray is available to protect the wire harness. Any damaged wiring will need to be repaired as necessary.
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Dodge Ram Van 3500 ABS wiring connector damage due to leaking battery
Visitor, 2001 Dodge Ram Van 3500, 176,780 mi
Van sat for 2 weeks and my wife went to start it and seen smoke comming from under hood. I instructed her to disconnect the battary. When I returned come to find out the battery was ded and the wireing going to the ABS computor was melted to it and the plug also. It appers the the red wires were croded and touching each other grounding out on another wire. My van could of went on fire! For now I cut off the plug that is melted to the computor and curently have no speedo no trip as well as no odom.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Bradford | |
Bradford City Hall | |
Bradford shown within West Yorkshire | |
Area | 24.85 sq mi (64.4 km2) |
Population | 293,717 [1] |
- Density | 8,981 /sq mi (3,468 /km2) |
OS grid reference | SE163329 |
- London | 174 mi (280 km) S |
Metropolitan borough | City of Bradford |
Metropolitan county | West Yorkshire |
Region | Yorkshire and the Humber |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | BRADFORD |
Postcode district | BD1-BD15 |
Dialling code | 01274 |
Police | West Yorkshire |
Fire | West Yorkshire |
Ambulance | Yorkshire |
EU Parliament | Yorkshire and the Humber |
UK Parliament | Bradford East |
Bradford West | |
Bradford South | |
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W
Bradford | |
Bradford City Hall | |
Bradford shown within West Yorkshire | |
Area | 24.85 sq mi (64.4 km2) |
Population | 293,717 [1] |
- Density | 8,981 /sq mi (3,468 /km2) |
OS grid reference | SE163329 |
- London | 174 mi (280 km) S |
Metropolitan borough | City of Bradford |
Metropolitan county | West Yorkshire |
Region | Yorkshire and the Humber |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | BRADFORD |
Postcode district | BD1-BD15 |
Dialling code | 01274 |
Police | West Yorkshire |
Fire | West Yorkshire |
Ambulance | Yorkshire |
EU Parliament | Yorkshire and the Humber |
UK Parliament | Bradford East |
Bradford West | |
Bradford South | |
Bradford (i/ˈbrædfərd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (14 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717,[1] making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million[2] and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.[3]
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world".[4] The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.
The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century. Since this time, Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination, becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Media Museum, Bradford City Park, the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall. However, Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of Northern England, including deindustrialisation, social unrest and economic deprivation.
Contents |
The name Bradford is derived from the Old English brad and ford the broad ford which referred to a crossing of the Bradford Beck at Church Bank below the site of Bradford Cathedral, around which a settlement grew in Saxon times. It was recorded as "Bradeford" in 1086.[5]
Bradford was settled in Saxon times and by the middle ages became a small town centred on Kirkgate, Westgate and Ivegate.[6] After William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North, the manor of Bradford was described as waste in the Domesday Book of 1086. It became part of the Honour of Pontefract given to Ilbert de Lacy for service to the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. There is evidence of a castle in the time of the Lacys. In 1316 there is mention of a fulling mill, a soke mill where all the manor corn was milled and a market. During the Wars of the Roses the inhabitants sided with House of Lancaster. Edward IV granted the right to hold two annual fairs and from this time the town began to prosper. In the reign of Henry VIII Bradford exceeded Leeds as a manufacturing centre.[7] Bradford grew slowly over the next two-hundred years as the woollen trade gained in prominence.
During the Civil War the town was garrisoned for the Parliamentarians and in 1642 was unsuccessfully attacked by Royalist forces from Leeds. Sir Thomas Fairfax took the command of the garrison and marched to meet the Duke of Newcastle but was defeated. The Parliamentarians retreated to Bradford and the Royalists set up headquarters at Bolling Hall from where the town was besieged leading to its surrender.[7] The Civil War caused a decline in industry but after the accession of William and Mary in 1689 prosperity began to return.[6] The launch of manufacturing in the early 18th century marked the start of the town's development while new canal and turnpike road links encouraged trade.
At the turn of the 19th century, Bradford was a small rural market town of 16,000 people, where wool spinning and cloth weaving was carried out in local cottages and farms. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth, with wool imported in vast quantities for the manufacture of worsted cloth in which Bradford specialised, and the town soon became known as the wool capital of the world.[8] Yorkshire had plentiful supplies of soft water, which was needed in the cleaning of raw wool, and locally mined coal provided the power that the industry needed. Local sandstone was an excellent resource for building the mills, and with a population of 182,000 by 1850,[9] the town grew rapidly as workers were attracted by jobs in the textile mills.[8]
Blast furnaces were established in about 1788 by Hird, Dawson Hardy at Low Moor and iron was worked by the Bowling Iron Company until about 1900. Yorkshire iron was used for shackles, hooks and piston rods for locomotives, colliery cages and other mining appliances where toughness was required. Low Moor also made pig iron and the company employed 1,500 men in 1929.[10]
A major employer was Titus Salt who in 1833 took over the running of his father's woollen business specialising in fabrics combining alpaca, mohair, cotton and silk. By 1850 he had five mills. However because of the polluted environment and squalid conditions for his workers Salt left Bradford and transferred his business to Saltaire in 1850, where in 1853 he began to build the workers village which has become a UNESCO World Heritage site.[11] Other major employers were Samuel Lister and his brother who were worsted spinners and manufacturers at Lister's Mill (Manningham Mills). Lister epitomised Victorian enterprise but it has been suggested that his capitalist attitude made trade unions necessary.[12][13] Unprecedented growth created problems with over 200 factory chimneys continually churning out black, sulphurous smoke, Bradford gained the reputation of being the most polluted town in England. There were frequent outbreaks of cholera and typhoid, and only 30% of children born to textile workers reached the age of fifteen. This extreme level of infant and youth mortality contributed to a life expectancy for Bradford residents of just over eighteen years, which was one of the lowest in the country.
Like many major cities Bradford has been a destination for immigrants. In the 1840s Bradford's population was significantly increased by migrants from Ireland, particularly rural Mayo[14] and Sligo, and by 1851 about 10% of the population were born in Ireland, the largest proportion in Yorkshire.[15]
During the 1820s and 1830s there was immigration from Germany. Many were Jewish merchants and they became active in the life of the town. The Jewish community numbered about 100 families but was influential in the development of Bradford as a major exporter of woollen goods from their textile export houses mostly based in Little Germany and the civic life of Bradford. Jacob Behrens (1806–1889) exported woollen goods and his company developed into an international multi-million pound business.[16]
To support the textile mills, a large manufacturing base grew up in the town providing textile machinery, and this led to diversification with different industries thriving side by side.[8] The Jowett Motor Company founded in the early 20th century by Benjamin and William Jowett and Arthur V Lamb, manufactured cars and vans in Bradford for 50 years.[17]
After World War II migrants came from Poland and Ukraine and since the 1950s from Bangladesh, India and particularly Pakistan.[18]
The textile industry has been in decline throughout the latter part of the 20th century. A culture of innovation had been fundamental to Bradford's dominance, with new textile technologies being invented in the city; a prime example being the work of Samuel Lister. This innovation culture continues today throughout Bradford's economy, from automotive (Kahn Design)[19] to electronics (Pace Micro Technology). Wm Morrison Supermarkets was founded by William Morrison in 1899, initially as an egg and butter merchant in Rawson Market, operating under the name of Wm Morrison (Provisions) Limited.[20]
The grandest of the mills no longer used for textile production is Lister's Mill, the chimney of which can be seen from most places in Bradford. It has become a beacon of regeneration after a £100 million conversion to apartment blocks by property developer Urban Splash.[21]
In 1989, copies of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses were burnt in the city, and a section of the Muslim community led a campaign against the book. In July 2001, ethnic tensions led to rioting, and a report described Bradford as fragmented[22] and a city of segregated ethnic communities.[23]
Bradford is represented by three MPs: for the constituencies of Bradford East (David Ward, Liberal Democrat), Bradford South (Gerry Sutcliffe, Labour), and Bradford West (George Galloway, Respect Party). Bradford is within the Yorkshire and the Humber European constituency, which is represented by two Conservative, one Labour, one UKIP, one Liberal Democrat and one BNP MEPs. The voting figures for Bradford in the European Parliament election in June 2009 were: Conservative 24.7%, Labour 22.6%, UKIP 14.9%, Lib Dem 13.4%, BNP 9.4%, Green 8.8%.[24]
The city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. A mural on the back of the Priestley Centre For The Arts (visible from Leeds Road) commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in 1893.[25]
Bradford is located at 53°45′00″N 01°50′00″W / 53.75°N 1.8333333°W (53.7500, -1.8333)1. Topographically, it is located in the eastern moorland region of the South Pennines.
Bradford is not built on any substantial body of water but is situated at the junction of three valleys, one of them, that of the Bradford Beck which rises in moorland to the west, and is swelled by its tributaries, the Horton Beck, Westbrook, Bowling Beck and Eastbrook. At the site of the original ford, the beck turns north, and flows towards the River Aire at Shipley. Bradfordale (or Bradforddale) is a name given to this valley (see for example Firth 1997[1]). It can be regarded as one of the Yorkshire Dales, though as it passes though the city, it is often not recognised as such. The beck's course through the city centre is culverted and has been since the mid 19th century. On the 1852 Ordnance Survey map[2] it is visible as far as Sun Bridge, at the end of Tyrrell Street, and then from beside Bradford Forster Square railway station on Kirkgate. On the 1906 Ordnance Survey,[3] it disappears at Tumbling Hill Street, off Thornton Road, and appears north of Cape Street, off Valley Road, though there are culverts as far as Queens Road.
The Bradford Canal, built in 1774, linking the city to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal took its water from Bradford Beck and its tributaries. The supply was often inadequate to feed the locks, and the polluted state of the canal led to its temporary closure in 1866: the canal was closed in the early 20th century as uneconomic.
The Yorkshire Dales, Skipton, Keighley, Bingley, Cottingley, Heaton | The Yorkshire Dales, Ilkley, Otley, Guiseley, Baildon, Shipley, Saltaire | York, Wetherby, Harrogate, Leeds Bradford Airport, Greengates, Eccleshill | ||
University of Bradford, Thornton, Denholme, Oxenhope, Haworth, Hebden Bridge, Todmorden, Burnley | Thornbury, Pudsey, Leeds, Selby | |||
Bradford | ||||
Wibsey, Buttershaw, Clayton, Queensbury, Halifax, Rochdale, Oldham, Manchester | Wyke, Oakenshaw, Bailiff Bridge, Cleckheaton, Brighouse, Huddersfield, Holmfirth | East Bowling, Tong, Morley, Batley, Dewsbury, Ossett, Wakefield |
As with the rest of the UK, Bradford benefits from a maritime climate, with limited seasonal temperature ranges, and generally moderate rainfall throughout the year. Records have been collected since 1908 from the Met Office's weather station at Lister Park, a short distance north of the city centre. This constitutes one of the nations longest unbroken records of daily data. The full record can be found on the councils website.[26]
The absolute maximum temperature recorded was 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) in August 1990.[27] In an 'average' year, the warmest day should attain a temperature of 27.5 °C (81.5 °F),[28] with a total of 6 days[29] rising to a maximum of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.
The absolute minimum temperature recorded was −13.9 °C (7.0 °F) during January 1940. The weather station's elevated suburban location means exceptionally low temperatures are unknown. Typically, 41.4 nights of the year will record an air frost.
Rainfall averages around 870mm per year with over 1mm falling on 139 days.[30]
Sunshine, at little in excess of 1250 hours per year is low, as one would expect of an inland location in Northern England located amongst upland areas. All averages refer to the 1981-2010 observation period.
Climate data for Bradford, elevation 134m,1981-2010, extremes 1908- | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 17.1 (62.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 32.2 (90.0) |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.8 (64.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 16.9 (62.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.78 (55.00) |
Average low °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 1.3 (34.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.3 (39.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.1 (53.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 9.8 (49.6) | 6.9 (44.4) | 3.9 (39.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 6.08 (42.94) |
Record low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) | −13.3 (8.1) | −11.1 (12.0) | −10.6 (12.9) | −3 (27) | 0.6 (33.1) | 5.0 (41.0) | 2.8 (37.0) | 0.3 (32.5) | −4.1 (24.6) | −7.8 (18.0) | −13.1 (8.4) | −13.9 (7.0) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 92.69 (3.6492) | 65.99 (2.598) | 67.24 (2.6472) | 64.35 (2.5335) | 53.68 (2.1134) | 71.04 (2.7969) | 57.85 (2.2776) | 68.58 (2.7) | 65.31 (2.5713) | 85.06 (3.3488) | 86.70 (3.4134) | 94.33 (3.7138) | 872.82 (34.363) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 41.98 | 65.21 | 96.32 | 130.68 | 163.94 | 153.19 | 163.14 | 152.90 | 119.41 | 89.25 | 54.29 | 34.26 | 1,264.57 |
Source: Calculated from Met Office Long term data[31] |
Climate data for Bradford, elevation 134m,1971-2000 | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 6.3 (43.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 8.9 (48.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.37 (54.26) |
Average low °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2.6 (36.7) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 9.4 (48.9) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.4 (48.9) | 6.5 (43.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | 2.0 (35.6) | 5.78 (42.40) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 93.10 (3.6654) | 68.26 (2.6874) | 71.80 (2.8268) | 62.41 (2.4571) | 57.15 (2.25) | 67.01 (2.6382) | 49.61 (1.9531) | 65.33 (2.572) | 70.87 (2.7902) | 80.57 (3.172) | 83.39 (3.2831) | 98.35 (3.872) | 867.85 (34.1673) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 36.77 | 56.04 | 89.55 | 122.27 | 163.14 | 154.20 | 165.87 | 156.43 | 115.75 | 84.15 | 54.53 | 29.41 | 1,228.11 |
Source: Calculated from Met Office Long term data[31] |
This section may stray from the topic of the article into the topic of another article, City of Bradford. (August 2011) |
As of the 2001 UK census, Bradford had a population of 293,277.[32] There were 106,680 households in Bradford, and the population density was 4,560 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,820/sq mi). For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males.[32] Bradford has the youngest, fastest growing population outside London.[33]
The census showed that 69.3% (203,240) of Bradford's population was White, 1.9% (5,572) Mixed Race, 26.1% (76,545) Asian, 1.3% (3,812) Black and 1.4% (4,105) from other races. 22.1% of the population are of British Asian origin, this percentage being part of the 26.1% above, the third highest percentage of South Asians in a single settlement in England and Wales behind the city of Leicester (29.9%) and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Nearly half of all Asians living in Yorkshire and the Humber live in Bradford, with the central wards of Bradford Moor, City, Little Horton, Manningham and Toller having large majority Asian populations, whereas outlying wards of Bradford such as Thornton and Allerton, Idle and Thackley, Eccleshill, Wibsey, Wyke, Clayton, Wrose, Tong and Royds have predominantly white populations.[34]
The ONS Regional Trends report, published in June 2009, showed that some parts of Bradford suffer from the highest levels of deprivation in the country, while other areas of Bradford are some of the least deprived in the country.[35][36] Infant mortality is double the national average,[37] and life expectancy is slightly lower than in other parts of the district.[38] A 2012 survey claimed that residents of Bradford had more sex than any other city in the UK.[39]
Bradford's textile industry has been in decline for many years and the city has suffered from de-industrialisation. Some areas of Bradford are among the worst levels of social deprivation in the UK,[40] with widespread pockets of exclusion, and rates of unemployment in some wards exceeding 25%.,[22] though other areas of Bradford are among the least deprived in the UK.[41] The economy is worth around £7 billion, contributing around 8.4% of the region's output, and making the district the third largest (after Leeds and Sheffield) in Yorkshire & Humber. The economy has diversified and the city is home to several major companies, notably in finance (Yorkshire Building Society, Provident Financial), electronics (Pace Micro, Filtronic), engineering (NG Bailey, Powell Switchgear), and manufacturing (Denso Marston, BASF, Bailey Offsite). Supermarket chain Morrisons has its head office in Bradford.[42]
One of the city's biggest employers is Provident Financial plc, a financial services group that specialises in Home Collected Credit (HCC) and owns Vanquis Bank which offers credit cards. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The company was established in 1880 by Joshua Kelley Waddilove to provide affordable credit to families in West Yorkshire.[43] It has moved into a 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2), £45 million, flagship headquarters building in the city centre creating hundreds of jobs for the city. The building also houses a 200-bed Jurys Inn hotel.[43] Thomas Cook has its Tour Operators Head Office, which employs about 1000 staff in the city.
In October 2011 Plans to regenerate Bradford city centre, including the long-delayed Broadway shopping centre, was given a boost as Bradford Council secured £17.6 million of regional growth funding from the government, which it will match to create a £35 million "growth zone" in which companies would get business rate relief in exchange for helping people get training and jobs.[44]
In April 2012 retail giant Freeman Grattan Holdings secured a deal to open a new head office and house around 300 staff in the centre of Bradford. The mail order and online retailer will transfer office staff from its Lidget Green base, where Grattan has had a presence since 1934, to a Grade II-listed former wool warehouse on the edge of Little Germany.[45]
The Kirkgate shopping centre has been a focal point for the city's shoppers for many years. It includes Primark, New Look, River Island, Bank, W H Smith, Boots, Deichmann and F. Hinds in its 65 shops, as well as an indoor market and 550 car parking spaces. The centre has undergone a multi-million pound refurbishment recently, and plans to upgrade the facade of the 1960s building have been submitted as it anticipates competition from the long-awaited Westfield development.
The popular Forster Square Shopping Park opened in 1995 and is adjacent to the Forster Square Railway Station. It includes over 20 large retail and food units including Next, TK Maxx, Asda Living, Outfit, Peacocks, Clarks, JD Sports, Currys, DFS, Subway, McDonald's and Costa Coffee.
The lack of higher end retailers and department stores in the city and the lack of progress from the Westfield development has frustrated Bradfordians for many years, with many travelling to Leeds or the White Rose Shopping Centre to shop.[citation needed] There are also many shoppers from the Leeds area travelling into Bradford city centre to shop.[citation needed]
Bradford's oldest building is the cathedral, which for most of its life was a parish church. Few other Medieval buildings have survived apart from Bolling Hall, which has been preserved as a museum.
There are some fine Victorian buildings: apart from the abundance of mills, there is the City Hall (with statues of rulers of England unusually including Oliver Cromwell), the former Wool Exchange, and a large Victorian cemetery at Undercliffe. Little Germany is a splendid Victorian commercial district just east of the city centre which takes its name from 19th century German Jewish immigrants who ran businesses from some of the many listed buildings. Following decades of decay there have been successful conversions to office and residential use. In mid-2005 renovation began on the prominent Eastbrook Hall in Little Germany. Bradford also has a number of architecturally historic hotels that date back to the establishment of the two railway lines into the city centre, back in Victorian times. The Victoria Hotel and the Midland Hotel were built to accommodate business travellers to the city during the height of the woollen trade.
Like many cities, Bradford lost a number of notable buildings to developers in the 1960s and 1970s: particularly mourned at the time were the Swan Arcade and the old Kirkgate Market. In recent years some buildings from that era have themselves been demolished and replaced: Provincial House, next to Centenary Square, was demolished by controlled explosion in 2002,[46] and Forster House was pulled down in 2005 as part of the Broadway development.
Bradford's main art gallery is housed in the grand Edwardian Cartwright Hall in Lister Park. The National Media Museum celebrates cinema and movies, and is the most visited museum outside London. It contains an Imax cinema, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain.[47]
Also in the city is The St George's Hall - a grand concert hall dating from 1853 making it the oldest concert hall in Britain and the third oldest in the whole of Europe.[citation needed] The former Odeon cinema (originally the New Victoria Theatre) was the recent focus of protests by Bradfordians who did not wish to see the old building close. Adjacent is the Alhambra theatre, built in 1914 for theatre impresario Frank Laidler, and later owned by the Moss Empire group (Oswald Stoll and Edward Moss). The theatre was refurbished in 1986.
Within the city district there are 37 parks and gardens. Lister Park, with its boating lake and Mughal Water Gardens, was voted Britain's Best Park for 2006.[48] Peel Park is the venue for the annual Mela — a celebration of eastern culture, and Bowling Park in East Bowling is the site of the annual Bradford Carnival celebrating local African and Caribbean culture.
Bradford City Park, a six-acre public space in the heart of Bradford contains the largest man-made water feature in any UK city - a 4,000sq m mirror pool featuring more than 100 fountains, including the tallest in any UK city at 30 m (100 ft). When the mirror pool is drained City Park is capable of holding events such as carnivals, markets, theatre productions, screenings and community festivals.
Work started on the £24m project in February 2010 and City Park officially opened in March 2012, with thousands of people turning out for the grand opening event.
Bradford Odeon, formerly the Gaumont and New Victoria Theatre, was built in 1930 as a music venue and cinema with a capacity of over 3,000, and was the largest UK cinema outside London at the time. Standing in a conservation area next to the listed Alhambra Theatre, it closed in 2000 and was sold to developer Langtree to be demolished and replaced with an apartment and office block. The Odeon has been the subject of much controversy over its planned but so far failed demolition, with public support in the form of a 10,000 signature petition and ongoing campaigns for its renovation. In his successful 2012 campaign for Bradford West, George Galloway MP cited the restoration of the Odeon as his number one priority, asking Prime Minister David Cameron to intervene. Architectural historian Jonathan Foyle, actresses Imelda Staunton and Jenny Agutter, and director Michael Winner have all lent their support to the campaign.
In past centuries Bradford's location in Bradfordale made communications difficult, except from the north. Nonetheless, Bradford is now well-served by transport systems. Bradford was first connected to the developing turnpike network in 1734, when the first Yorkshire turnpike was built between Manchester and Leeds via Halifax and Bradford.
Today Bradford is accessed by several trunk roads, the A647 between Leeds and Halifax, via Queensbury, the A650 between Wakefield and Keighley, the A658 to Harrogate and the A6036 to Halifax via Shelf.
The M606, a spur off the M62 motorway, connects Bradford with the national motorway network. Although originally planned to go directly into the city centre it ends at the ring road.
The Bradford Canal was a 4-mile (6.4 km) spur from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Shipley. It was built to connect Bradford with the limestone quarries of North Yorkshire, the industrial towns on both sides of the Pennines and the ports of Liverpool and Goole. It opened in 1774, closed in 1866, reopened in 1871, and finally closed in 1922. There are plans to rebuild it as a key part of the regeneration of the city centre.
The Leeds and Bradford Railway opened Forster Square railway station on 1 July 1846 with a service via Shipley to Leeds. The station was rebuilt in the early 1850s and again, in 1890 and 1990.
The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway opened a station at Drake Street on 9 May 1850, between Manchester and Leeds. The Great Northern Railway opened a third terminus at Adolphus Street in 1854, but the station was too far from the centre, and the two companies built a joint station, Bradford Exchange which opened in 1867.[49] Adolphus Street remained as a goods terminal. In 1973, Exchange station was rebuilt on a different site and in 1983 renamed Bradford Interchange and a bus station built alongside. Forster Square and Bradford Interchange stations are part of the West Yorkshire Metro.
There have been many schemes to link between Bradford's railway terminals. The major redevelopment of the city centre in the 1960s provided an opportunity to connect the termini but was not pursued and large buildings were constructed on the alignment in the 1990s. The main difficulty in connecting the termini is the great difference in elevation: Bradford Interchange is at the end of a long slope, steep by railway standards, but is many feet higher than Forster Square. This gradient is not unprecedented in railway construction and the relocation of Forster Square Station further from the city centre has provided additional space in which the transition could be accomplished.
A tram system was begun by Bradford Corporation in 1882. At first the vehicles were horse-drawn but were replaced by steam-driven trams in 1883, and by electric vehicles in 1898. On 20 June 1911, Britain's first trolleybus systems opened simultaneously in Bradford, between Laisterdyke and Dudley Hill, and in Leeds.[50] The last service in Bradford — and Britain — ceased operation on 26 March 1972.[50][51] Ten Bradford trolleybuses are preserved at the Sandtoft Trolleybus Museum.[52] In 1974 Bradford's municipal buses were taken over by the West Yorkshire Metro. First Bradford and Arriva are the chief operators of buses in Bradford, with some routes using guided buses.
Leeds Bradford International Airport is 6 miles (9.7 km) to the north east of the city. Bradford and Leeds councils jointly opened the airport in 1931. There has been rapid expansion in recent years, and is the home base of economy Airline Jet2.com. In May 2007 the joint councils sold the airport to Bridgepoint Capital for £145.5 million. Bridgepoint announced that a further £70 million would be invested in airport improvements, to boost passenger figures to over 7 million by 2015.[53]
Bradford Grammar School was in existence near the parish church in the mid-16th century and re-established by Royal Charter as the Free Grammar School of Charles II in 1662.[54]
The University of Bradford, which has over 10,000 students, received its Royal Charter in 1966, but traces its history to the 1860s when it was founded as the Bradford Schools of Weaving, Design and Building. The university now covers a wide range of subjects including technology and management science, optometry, pharmacy, medical sciences, nursing studies, archaeology and modern languages. Its Peace Studies department, founded with Quaker support in 1973, was for a long time the only such institution in the UK.
In terms of nationally recognised leading areas of research there are various departments such as Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Bradford School of Pharmacy, Peace Studies, Archaeology, Engineering, Management, Biochemistry, amongst others. The university balances academic research and teaching quality with a strong tradition of social inclusion. The University of Bradford was ranked second in the UK for graduate employment by the Times Higher Education Supplement in 2005.[55]
In December 2010 the university was named as the greenest in the UK for the second year running.[56]
University of Bradford School of Management located opposite Lister Park on Emm Lane, in 2011, was rated the 14th best business school in the UK by the Financial Times.[57] Bradford College developed from the 19th century technical college whose buildings it inherited. It offers further and higher educational courses and is an Associate College of Leeds Metropolitan University and is the UK's largest provider of higher-education courses outside the university sector, with 23,000 students and 1,800 staff.[58] It absorbed the Art School whose most famous alumnus is David Hockney.
Whilst in Bradford after 1892, Margaret McMillan joined the Fabian Society and the Independent Labour Party. Working with her sister, Rachel, she set about improving the welfare of children living in the slums, and campaigned for free school meals. A memorial college to Margaret McMillan was opened in 1952.[59]
Recent Ofsted reports rank many Bradford schools as amongst the UK's finest.[58]
Two carved stones, probably parts of a Saxon preaching cross, were found on the site of Bradford Cathedral. They indicate that Christians may have worshipped here since Paulinus of York came to the north of England in AD 627 on a mission to convert Northumbria. He preached in Dewsbury and it was from there that Bradford was first evangelised. The vicars of Bradford later paid dues to that parish. The most prominent Christian church in Bradford is Bradford Cathedral, originally the Parish Church of St Peter. The parish was in existence by 1283, and there was a stone church on the rock shelf above Bradford Beck by 1327. The Diocese of Bradford was created from part of the Diocese of Ripon in 1919, and the church became a cathedral at that time. Many of the Roman Catholic churches that are found within the city are a legacy of the large Irish population that migrated to Bradford in the 19th century.[citation needed]
With a significant Pakistani population, Islam has become prominent particularly in inner city areas such as Manningham and Bradford Moor, where the majority population is Muslim.[60] There are a substantial number of mosques, some converted from churches or other buildings but several purpose-built. The largest are the Hanfia Masjid in Manningham and the Al Mahdi Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
The city has a sizeable Indian community and the Lakshmi Narayan mandir which opened in April 2008[61] is the largest Hindu temple in northern England.[62] There is a Hindu temple and community centre on Thornton Lane[63] and smaller house-based mandirs, as shown in the List of Hindu Temples in England.
The Sikh community has six gurudwaras in the city. The Sikh festival of Vaisakhi is celebrated on 14 April. Sikhs travel to each of the gurudwaras in the city in a procession called a nagar kirtan.[64]
The Jewish community was strong in the middle to late 19th century and built Bradford Reform Synagogue in Manningham. This, "The oldest reform synagogue outside London",[65] was established by German Jews who had moved to Bradford for the wool trade. According to historian Shatman Kadish, "The city of Bradford was unique in that it boasted a reform synagogue before it acquired an orthodox one".[66] In 1881 Russian Jews made their home in Bradford, having fled their homeland, and founded an orthodox synagogue.[67] In 2005 the Jewish population was 356.[68]
The district has a tradition of nonconformity which is reflected in the number of chapels erected by Congregationalists, Baptists and Methodists. The city was a centre of the House Church movement in the 1980s, and the Christian charity Christians Against Poverty was founded in the city. Other house churches in the city include El Shaddai International Christian Centre and the World Outreach Church. Bradford is also home to the Abundant Life Church, a large nonconforming Church, that has around 3,000 members.[69]
In the 2001 census the percentage of the population identifying as Christian was 60.14% whilst 16.08% identified as Muslim, 1.02% Sikh and 0.95% Hindu. 13.3% identified as having no religion and 8.1% did not state a religious affiliation. The percentage of Jews, Buddhists and those following other religions amounted to fewer than 0.5% of the city's population.[70]
The National Media Museum hosts the Bradford International Film Festival annually in March. In June 2009 Bradford was designated the world's first UNESCO City of Film for its links to the production and distribution of films, its media and film museum and its "cinematographic legacy".
"Becoming the world's first City of Film is the ultimate celebration of Bradford's established and dynamic history in film and media," said Colin Philpott, director of Bradford's National Media Museum. "With the UNESCO City of Film designation, Bradford will now go on to achieve inspirational projects in film." Simon Beaufoy from Bradford, the Oscar-winning screenwriter of Slumdog Millionaire, said the city had played a crucial role in the story of cinema and deserved to be recognised.[71]
The Bradford Animation Festival - the UK's longest-running animation festival, held each November sees an array of screentalks, workshops and special events. The festival culminates in the annual BAF Awards which celebrate new animation from around the world.[72]
The city has a heritage in film production and many films and TV productions have been filmed in the city including Room at the Top, Billy Liar and The Red Riding Trilogy.[73] Bradford was the location for the films Yanks, starring Richard Gere, and The Railway Children starring Jenny Agutter, a 1970s classic about Victorian children whose father goes missing. Monty Python's ground-breaking The Meaning of Life and the controversial hit Rita, Sue and Bob Too, about a married man who cannot choose between two teenage lovers, were also filmed in the city.
In recent years Bradford has developed a relationship with Bollywood, hosting the International Indian Film Festival awards in 2007.
There are four theatres in Bradford: the Alhambra which has smaller studio theatre in the same complex. These are operated by City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. The Theatre in the Mill is a small studio theatre at the University of Bradford which presents student and community shows and small-scale touring professional work. The Priestley Theatre is a privately run venue with a medium-sized proscenium theatre and a small studio.
Among the professional theatre companies based in Bradford are Kala Sangam, the satirical madcap comedy troop, Komedy Kollective, Lost Dog (based at Theatre In The Mill) and Mind the Gap, one of the longest established, who have always worked with a mixture of disabled and able-bodied performers. Groups and organisations teaching theatre include The Asian Theatre School, Bradford Stage and Theatre School and Stage 84. There are also a number of amateur theatre groups.
St George's Hall is a concert hall dating from 1853 making it the oldest concert hall in Britain and the third oldest in Europe.[citation needed] Bradford Festival Choral Society was founded to perform at the inaugural Bradford Musical Festival that took place in August of that year,[74] and the choir is still a part of the musical life of the city. The Hallé Orchestra have been regular visitors over the years, as have a wide range of popular musicians, bands, entertainers, comedians and theatrical productions.
Cinemas have been replaced by vast entertainment complexes with multi-screen cinemas. The Leisure Exchange in the city centre has a 16 screen Cineworld and at Thornbury, on the outskirts is the Odeon Leeds-Bradford with 13 screens which replaced the old Odeon next to the Alhambra which is the continuing focus of protests by Bradfordians who do not wish to see the old building demolished.[75] The University of Bradford also has a cinema run by the Students' Union, operating from the University's Great Hall.[76]
Nightlife in Bradford has traditionally centred around Manor Row and Manningham Lane. More recently, several clubs and pubs have opened in the West End of Bradford, around the Alhambra Theatre, turning what was previously a fairly quiet area into one that is often crowded and vibrant at night.
Bradford was one of the first areas of the UK to get a local commercial radio station Pennine Radio in September 1975. Today this is The Pulse of West Yorkshire and Pulse Classic Gold. As of 2006[update] Bradford Community Broadcasting based in the city centre has broadcast on full-time Community Radio license around Bradford and the Aire Valley, whilst the University radio station Ramair broadcasts to the student population. Bradford's only television station AAP TV caters for Bradford's large Asian community. The Telegraph and Argus is Bradford's daily newspaper, published six days each week from Monday to Saturday.
The Bradford Mela,[77] the biggest of its kind outside Asia, takes place in June. The word mela is Sanskrit for 'a gathering' or 'to meet'. In the UK, melas provide an opportunity for communities to come together to celebrate and share their cultures. Mela festivals include a combination of markets, funfairs, food and drink, arts and workshops, children's activities, strolling entertainment and a variety of music and dance performances on a number of stages. Bradford held the first mela in Europe in September 1988 and it has been held in Peel Park since then. Bradford City Park has the largest city centre water feature in the UK.[78]
Bradford is home to the acclaimed National Media Museum (previously the National Museum of Photography, Film & Television) which celebrates cinema and movies, and is the most visited museum outside London. It contains the UK's first IMAX theatre, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain.[47]
Bradford Industrial Museum was established in 1974 at Moorside Mills, a spinning mill in Eccleshill. The Museum celebrates and explains the significant achievements in Bradford's industrial past, from textiles and printing to the manufacture of motor cars.[79]
A mile from the city centre is Bolling Hall Museum, a part medieval building which offers visitors a fascinating journey through the lives and times of the families for which it provided a home over five hundred years. Rooms are furnished and decorated to give a taste of life at different periods of the house's history.[80]
Bradford's main art gallery is housed in Cartwright Hall in Lister Park. Bradford 1 Gallery is a city centre art gallery opened in October 2007 in a new building in Centenary Square. The gallery shows four temporary exhibitions a year.[81]
Bradford is the hometown of rock bands, New Model Army, Anti System, Smokie, Southern Death Cult, The Cult, The Scene, Redwire, The Chantel McGregor Band, One Minute Silence, Scars on 45, Terrorvision, My Dying Bride and hip hop group Fun-Da-Mental.
Singer-Songwriters Tasmin Archer, Natalia Kills, and Kiki Dee - the first white British artist to be signed by Motown, also hail from the City.
In recent years Bradford has proven to be a hot spot for UK talent shows. In 2002 Gareth Gates came second in the first series of Pop Idol and went on to achieve 4 UK number one singles before enjoying success in Musical theatre. Kimberly Walsh achieved major success after winning a place in the girl band Girls Aloud in Popstars: The Rivals later in the same year, and in 2010 Zayn Malik came third in The X Factor with his boy band One Direction, who in March 2012 became the first British group to go straight to the top of the US music charts with their debut album.[82]
Bradford is famous for being home to some of the best curry houses in the country such as, Mumtaz, Akbar's, Prashad's and ZOUK.
In 2012 Bradford was again crowned "Curry Capital of Britain" after seeing off other strong contenders such as Leicester, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. Bradford scored highly not just for the quality of food and service offered by each of the restaurants, but also for food hygiene, a deep understanding of the curry restaurant sector and its success in collectively raising funds for food charity The Curry Tree, which seeks to alleviate the plight of the poor in South East Asia. The judges were also particularly impressed by Bradford's International Food Academy and Jamie's Ministry of Food, which teaches the districts residents how to cook quick, simple, healthy and cost-effective meals.
Bradford has a long sporting tradition, and Bradford Bulls, formerly Bradford Northern, is one of the most successful rugby league clubs in the world, winning the World Club Championship three times since 2002 and seven times winners of the Rugby Football League Championship. Bradford Bulls play at the Grattan Stadium, Odsal, formerly Odsal Stadium. The city is also home to a number of rugby union clubs — Bradford Salem are based in the Heaton area and Wibsey RFC can be found to the south of the city centre. The Richard Dunn Sports Centre is located close to the Odsal and the sports facilities at the university are also open to the public at certain times.
Bradford City football club was formed in 1903. James Whyte, a sub-editor of the Bradford Observer met with Football Association representative, John Brunt, in January to discuss plans, and in May, Manningham RFC, a rugby league team decided to change codes to association football.[83] The Football League subsequently elected Bradford City to the league, with a total of 30 votes to replace Doncaster Rovers,[84] because it saw the invitation as a chance to introduce football to the rugby-dominated county.[85] Eight years after the club was elected to the league, City won the FA Cup and recorded the highest league position in its history.[86] The club now plays in Football League Two after two periods of administration.[87][88][89] The ground suffered one of the worst all-time sporting disasters after 56 people died at Valley Parade on 11 May 1985.[90] A second club from the city, Bradford Park Avenue played in the Football League until it dropped out in 1970, then went into liquidation in 1974. The club now plays in the Northern Premier League, which means the Bradford derby has not been played in years. Bradford Park Avenue hosted county cricket for Yorkshire as well as football.
The defunct Bradford Dukes speedway team raced at Odsal. Speedway was staged at Greenfields Stadium in the pioneer days, when it was known as the Autodrome in the early 1960s. Odsal opened its doors in 1945 and continued in the late 1950s. It entered a team in the 1960 Provincial League then fell dormant until the 1970s when it re-opened. The track staged a Speedway World Final. The speedway team rode under a number of names - probably the longest running was Bradford Northern - in common with the Rugby League team. This was changed to Bradford Barons - emulating the more successful Halifax Dukes. Eventually the Halifax team was brought to Bradford under the name Bradford Dukes.
The Bradford Dragons basketball team who currently play in the EBL2 plays home games at Bradford Sports college in the Trinity Green campus on Saturday nights. The team is coached by former England under 23 player Chris Mellor.[citation needed]
Joe Johnson was a professional snooker player from Bradford who won the 1986 World Snooker Championship.[91]
After a campaign in 2008 Bradford was recognized as a 'City of Sanctuary' on 18 November 2010. It is " a place where a broad range of local organizations, community groups and faith communities, as well as local government are publicly committed to welcoming and including people seeking sanctuary." The city has a history of welcoming and including newcomers from all corners of the world.[92][93]
There are two major hospitals in Bradford: Bradford Royal Infirmary and St Luke's Hospital. Both are teaching hospitals and are operated by Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS trust. Over the years the Trust has subsumed a number of smaller hospitals; these include Woodlands Orthopaedic Hospital, Northern View and Bierley Hall.
Bradford is the focus of one of the UK's largest ever birth cohort studies, known as Born in Bradford. Partly supported by European funding, it is the result of close collaboration between the University of Bradford, the NHS and other institutions in West Yorkshire. It will track the lives of all the babies born in the city from 2006 to 2008 and aims to provide a wealth of data, allowing health researchers the opportunity to investigate many different aspects of health and wellbeing.
Bradford has been the scene of some high profile crimes such as the shooting of PC Sharon Beshenivsky while responding to a burglary in the city.[94] In May 2010, Stephen Griffiths was charged with the Bradford murders.[95]
The Manningham Riot occurred between 10 and 12 June 1995, in Manningham and the 2001 Bradford race riots began on 7 July 2001 as a result of tension between ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority, stoked by the Anti-Nazi League and the National Front.[96][97] There were 297 arrests; 187 people charged with riot, 45 with violent disorder leading to 200 jail sentences totalling 604 years.[98]
Only a few particularly notable names are listed here.
Among Bradford born people who made significant contributions to the arts were David Hockney, painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, who was born in the city and educated at Bradford Grammar School.[99] Frederick Delius (1862–1934) was a composer born to a family of German descent in the city[100] and J.B. Priestley (1894–1984) was a novelist and playwright. Sir William Rothenstein was a painter, draughtsman and writer on art who was principal of the Royal College of Art from 1920–35.[101] In the field of science and medicine, Friederich Wilhelm Eurich (1867–1945), professor of forensic medicine and bacteriologist, did much to conquer anthrax in the wool trade. Sir Edward Appleton (1892–1965), discoverer of the ionosphere was a Nobel Prize winner.[102] Professor Robert Turner (1923–1990) was a pathologist who came to Bradford from Belfast, and pioneered the use of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer at the Bradford Royal Infirmary. Bradford was the home of Pablo Fanque, the popular black Victorian circus owner and performer, whose poster advertisement inspired John Lennon to write The Beatles' Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! The 1861 census found Fanque and his family living in The London Hotel in the now-vanished Bermondsey neighborhood of Bradford. Fanque's circus also performed in Bradford around this time (and earlier in 1854),[103][104] and is reported to have regularly visited nearby Clayton during this period.[105]
A social reformer who campaigned against child labour, Richard Oastler (1789–1861), is commemorated by a statue in Northgate.[106] W.E. Forster (1818–1886), was MP for Bradford and, commemorated by statue, is the namesake of Forster Square.[107]
In recent pop culture the former participant of The X Factor, Zayn Malik, member of successful[108][109] boy band One Direction, was born and raised in Bradford.[110][111]
In the BBC political satire The Amazing Mrs Pritchard, the Prime Minister considers a proposal to move Parliament to Bradford, as it is closer to the geographic centre of the country than London. The Buttershaw area of the city featured in the 1986 film Rita, Sue and Bob Too, in which two 16-year-old girls were involved in a love triangle with a wealthy married man (played by George Costigan). The film was created by Andrea Dunbar, who died four years after it was made. It was initially unpopular with local residents due to its negative image of the area, but has since earned itself a good reputation in the local community as Buttershaw's claim to fame.[112][113]
Bradford features in the 1983 film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life with footage filmed in Lister Park.[114] The new Spooks spin-off for BBC Three, Spooks: Code 9 was filmed in Bradford.[115]
Bradford is also in the film East is East. Oak Lane is shown in the film when the family visit Bradford.[116]
Bradford was the focus of a 2012 Channel 4 documentary, Make Bradford British, which examined the level of integration between the city's Christian and Muslim communities.[117]
Bradford is twinned with a number of places around the world:[118]
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Despite Amendment 64, CU-Boulder still plans to snuff 4/20 smoke-out
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