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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Energetic, Visual and Non-Visual Aspects of Office Lighting.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??Light has important visual and non-visual effects on humans and high-quality light should therefore be supplied inside buildings in sufficient quantities. On the other hand,� (more)
Linhart, Friedrich
Lighting Controls
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
corridors. The overall range of savings was six to 80 percent. The Advanced Lighting Guidelines On-Line Edition New Buildings Institute 2011 presents a table of lighting energy...
Computer-Aided Light Sheet Flow Visualization
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A computer-aided flow visualization process has been developed to analyze video images acquired from rotating and translating light sheet visualization systems.The computer process integrates a mathematical model for image reconstruction, advanced computer ...
Stacy Kathryn; Severance Kurt; Childers Brooks A.
Lighting Control Systems
The demand for lighting control systems in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities is on the rise with the demand for increased energy savings. With lighting accounting for almost 23% of grid load, there is significant opportunity to reduce lighting load while improving the quality of light for customers. Lighting control systems are becoming more intelligent as the need for them to interface with building control systems and demand response systems also increases. Lighting control systems use...
Lighting Group: Controls: Wireless Controls
Wireless Controls Wireless Lighting Control System (with DUST Networks) Objective The project objectives are to: 1. Demonstrate that wireless technology can be cost-effectively...
Automatic lighting controls demonstration
SciTech Connect
The purpose of this work was to demonstrate, in a real building situation, the energy and peak demand reduction capabilities of an electronically ballasted lighting control system that can utilize all types of control strategies to efficiently manage lighting. The project has demonstrated that a state-of-the-art electronically ballasted dimmable lighting system can reduce energy and lighting demand by as least 50% using various combinations of control strategies. By reducing light levels over circulation areas (tuning) and reducing after hours light levels to accommodate the less stringent lighting demands of the cleaning crew (scheduling), lighting energy consumption on weekdays was reduced an average of 54% relative to the initial condition. 10 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.
Rubinstein, F.; Verderber, R.
Evaluation of Lighting and Lighting Control Technologies
Energy efficient lighting and lighting controls have been a means to significant energy savings for many facilities around the world. Advances in lighting sources often allow for the conservation of quality of light while providing more flexibility in the control of light. Additionally, advances in core technologies within the lighting marketplace regularly lead to the introduction of new lamps, fixtures and controls.� With the rapid introduction of new products and designs, it is important to ...
Lighting Group: Controls: PIER Lighting Projects
PIER Lighting Projects CEC Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Projects Objective Lighting controls are often expensive, complex, hard to commission properly and difficult to...
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A control system for a projection kinescope used in a facsimile scanning system and, in particular, meams for maintaining substantially constant the light emanating from the flying spot on the face of the kinescope are described. In general, the invention provides a feeler member disposed in such a position with respect to a projecting lens as to intercept a portion of the light striking the lens. Suitable circuitry in conjunction with a photomultiplier tube provides a signal proportional to the light intensity of the flying spot. The grid bias on the kinescope is controlled by this signal to maintain the intensity of the spot substantially constant.
Artzt, M.
Lighting Group: Controls: IBECS
IBECS IBECS Integrated Building Environmental Communications System Objective The overall technical goal of the IBECS project is to develop an integrated building equipment communications network that will allow appropriate automation of lighting and envelope systems to increase energy efficiency, improve building performance, and enhance occupant experience in the space. This network will provide a low-cost means for occupants to control local lighting and window systems, thereby improving occupant comfort, satisfaction and performance. A related goal is to improve existing lighting control components and accelerate development of new daylighting technologies that will allow daylighting to be more extensively applied to a larger proportion of building floor space.
Lighting Group: Controls: Advanced Digital Controls
Advanced Digital Controls Advanced Digital Controls HPCBS Advanced Digital Controls Objective The goal of this project is to hasten the adoption of digital lighting control systems to allow commercial building operators to optimize the neergy performance of their lighting systems, implement demand responsive control, and improve occupant comfort and productivity. The specific objectives are as follows: (1) Advance the adoption of digital lighting control systems by working with industry to embed IBECS technology into existing analog control and DALI products, and by developing compelling demonstrations of digital control systems for evaluation by early adopters. (2) In collaboration with equipment manufacturers, produce digital lighting system prototypes that demonstrate the advantages of digitally controlled lighting systems to innovative property managers and other energy stakeholders. A digitally controlled lighting system consists of lights that are individually controllable via a network. The advantages of digital control are:
Lighting Group: Controls and Communications
Communications Communications Controls and Communications The Controls and Communications research activity investigates how digital technologies, such as Bluetooth, can be applied to building lighting control systems to increase building efficiency and improve occupant comfort and productivity. Projects range from embedded device networks applied to building lighting systems, to WiFi and environmental sensing and monitoring. light switch Current Projects IBECS (Integrated Building Environmental Communications System) Wireless Lighting Controls (with DUST Networks) HPCBS Advanced Digital Controls Building Control Systems Integration Completed Projects CEC Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Projects 450 Golden Gate Project New Publications Standardizing Communication Between Lighting Devices: A Role for
Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types
Lighting Control Types Characteristics of the most common lighting controls for offices and other public buildings are outlined below. Typical Lighting Control Applications...
Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls
Adaptive Street Lighting Adaptive Street Lighting Controls to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Adaptive Street Lighting Controls This two-part DOE Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium webinar focused on LED street lighting equipped with adaptive control components.
Lighting Controls : Daylighting The New York Times Building
Lighting Controls Lighting Controls Overview The architectural approach The owner's approach Daylighting field study Daylighting control systems Automated roller shades Procurement specifications Shades and Shade Controls Lighting Controls Visualizing daylight Commissioning/ verification Demand response Mainstream solutions Post-occupancy evaluation Publications Sponsors Project team Lighting Controls The lighting controls scope of work is based upon the philosophy that occupants of commercial office buildings prefer natural light to electric light. The lighting controls system specified by the Times Company for its new headquarters building is a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) based system with dimmable fixtures throughout the interior space. This allows the system to dim down the electric lighting in response to daylight admittance. It also provides for variable target set points for illuminance levels at the work plane. The Times Company intends to establish and adjust target set points on a departmental basis. The lighting control sequences are described within the specification 16575. These sequences utilize occupancy sensors, photo sensors, switches and a time clock to control the lighting in the interior space on each floor. The emergency lighting system is also described within the specification. The lighting control sequences are tied to Control Intent Diagrams that divide up the space on each floor into its various control zones. The overall intent is to provide electric light only when the space is occupied and to provide as little electric light as is necessary to achieve the target set point for the work plane in a given department. A department usually occupies multiple floors.
Distributed Control for Smart Lighting.
??In this research, we investigate designing a smart lighting system. By extending and enhancing the centralized and distributed control algorithms we try to address the� (more)
Phadke, Swanand Shripad
Lighting Controls | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Use dimmers to save energy and add ambience to a room Check the packages of CFL and LED lightbulbs to see if they are compatible with dimmers Use lighting controls to...
Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings
Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Title Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors Williams, Alison A., Barbara A. Atkinson, Karina Garbesi, Erik Page, and Francis M. Rubinstein Series Title The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Volume 8 Document Number 3 Pagination 161-180 Date Published January ISBN Number 1550-2716 Keywords controls, daylighting, energy, occupancy sensors, tuning. Abstract Researchers have been quantifying energy savings from lighting controls in commercial buildings for more than 30 years. This study provides a meta-analysis of lighting energy savings identified in the literature-240 savings estimates from 88 papers and case studies, categorized into daylighting strategies, occupancy strategies, personal tuning, and institutional tuning. Beginning with an overall average of savings estimates by control strategy, successive analytical filters are added to identify potential biases introduced to the estimates by different analytical approaches. Based on this meta-analysis, the bestestimates of average lighting energy savings potential are 24 percent for occupancy, 28 percent for daylighting, 31 percent for personal tuning, 36 percent for institutional tuning, and 38 percent for multiple approaches. The results also suggest that simulations significantly overestimate (by at least 10 percent) the average savings obtainable from daylighting in actual buildings.
REFERENCES Task Report to Lighting Systems Research,Berkeley Laboratory, "Lighting Control System Market1980). Task Report to Lighting Systems Research, Lawrence
Verderber, R.R.
Lighting Control Lighting Control Types to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on Facebook Tweet about Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on Twitter Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on Google Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on Delicious Rank Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on Digg Find More places to share Federal Energy Management Program: Lighting Control Types on AddThis.com... Energy-Efficient Products Federal Requirements Covered Product Categories Product Designation Process Low Standby Power Energy & Cost Savings Calculators Model Acquisitions Language Working Group Resources Technology Deployment Renewable Energy
Lumental : web-based tunable lighting control
Dynamically adjusting the light spectrum of spectrum-tunable light fixtures promises significant energy savings over binary or incremental dimming control. To enable this level of controllability, lighting must evolve from ...
Hall, Harrison King
Lighting Controls/Sensors | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Lighting ControlsSensors Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Lighting...
System Compatibility of Modern Lighting Control Systems
Development of lighting control technologies continues at rapid rates in efforts to reduce energy usage and improve quality of light and color. Utilities, efficiency engineers, and end users should be aware of emissions and immunity performance of a lighting device before it is accepted for use in incentive and rebate programs prior to deployment in customer facilities. Continuing its efforts in evaluating new lighting control technologies, EPRI, within its Program 170, has tested four lighting control p...
Lighting Control Types | Department of Energy
Lighting Control Types Lighting Control Types Lighting Control Types October 7, 2013 - 11:27am Addthis Characteristics of the most common lighting controls for offices and other public buildings are outlined below. Also provided is a portable document format version of How to Select Lighting Controls for Offices and Public Buildings. Typical Lighting Control Applications Type of Control Private Office Open Office - Daylit Open Office - Interior Occupancy Sensors ++ ++ ++ Time Scheduling + ++ ++ Daylight Dimming ++ ++ 0 Bi-Level Switching ++ + + Demand Lighting + ++ ++ ++ = good savings potential + = some savings potential 0 = not applicable Back to Top Occupancy Sensors Occupancy sensors are the most common lighting control used in buildings today. Two technologies dominate: infrared and ultrasonic. Infrared sensors
BIM-Based Digital Lighting Controls
industry has been slow to embrace new technologies and concepts, and electrical installers are largely unfamiliar with digital control technologies. For a lighting controls...
fluorescent lighting fixtures rather than replace them. Dimmers and LEDs Some light-emitting diode (LED) lightbulbs can be used with dimmers. LED bulbs and fixtures must be...
Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The
Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The New York Times Headquarters Building Title Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The New York Times Headquarters Building Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-6171E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Fernandes, Luis L., Eleanor S. Lee, Dennis L. DiBartolomeo, and Andrew McNeil Journal Energy and Buildings Volume 68 Issue A Pagination 498-514 Date Published 01/2014 Keywords Building energy-efficiency, daylighting, lighting control systems Abstract Digital addressable, dimmable lighting controls were introduced to the US market in the early 2000s with the promise of facilitating capture of potential energy savings with greater flexibility over their historic, typically unreliable, analog counterpart. The New York Times Company installed this emerging technology, after having tested the system thoroughly prior to procurement, in their new building in New York, New York. Four years after full occupancy in 2007, the owner agreed to participate in a post-occupancy monitored evaluation of the dimmable lighting system to verify actual performance in the field. Annual lighting energy savings from daylighting, setpoint tuning and occupancy controls were determined for the daylit, open-plan office areas on three typical floors (6, 11, and 20th floors) of the 51-story high-rise tower. Energy savings were calculated from ballast control signal and occupancy data recorded by the manufacturer's lighting control system. The ballast data were calibrated with independent measurements of lighting energy consumption. Savings from dimming controls (daylighting and setpoint tuning) were 12.6 kWh/m2-yr (1.17 kWh/ft2-yr) for the daylit spaces on the three floors overall, or 20%, relative to ASHRAE 90.1-2007. Compared to the prescriptive code in effect at the time of the building's construction (ASHRAE 90.1-2001), savings were 21.0 kWh/m2-yr (1.95 kWh/ft2-yr) or 28%. Annual lighting energy use with all lighting control strategies was 33.9 kWh/m2-yr (3.15 kWh/ft2-yr) in the daylit, open plan zones on average for the three floors. A simple payback analysis was conducted.
Energy saving through effective lighting control
The energy savings associated with various lighting control strategies was investigated at the World Trade Center in New York using a relay-based lighting control system. By reducing after-hours lighting loads to one-third of daytime levels, a 32% energy savings was realized. Combining a very tight lighting schedule with lighting-load shedding in daylit areas reduced energy consumption for lighting 52% relative to baseline operation. The dependency of energy savings on the size of the switching zone was also investigated.
Peterson, D.; Rubinstein, F.
Energy-saving lighting control technologies are valuable tools for reducing the amount of electricity required to deliver sufficient light levels to consumers. Many new lighting controls have been developed in recent years which provide users with a wide variety of features past ON and OFF switching. Such features include but are not limited to: scheduled dimming, lumen sensing, wireless control, demand response, color temperature adjustment, and bi-level dimming.� These features provide ...
A New Digital Lighting Control System
A New Digital Lighting Control System A New Digital Lighting Control System Speaker(s): Charles Knuffke Date: June 29, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Francis Rubinstein When various Lighting Controls components are discussed, they're usually slotted into separate "silos" - Occupancy Sensors, Relay Panels, Dimming Controls, and Daylighting Controls. Trying to combine two or more of these into a single system usually requires a fair amount of technical expertise and often help from different manufacturers. Combine that with the need under LEED to get these systems commissioned, often without detailed sequence of operation information, and that helps to explains why many view Lighting Controls as overly complex. And try to integrate the Lighting Controls into a larger overall building management system so their
Information Resources: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls
Adaptive Street Lighting Controls Adaptive Street Lighting Controls This two-part DOE Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium webinar focused on LED street lighting equipped with adaptive control components. In Part I, presenters Amy Olay of the City of San Jose, CA, and Kelly Cunningham of the California Lighting Technology Center at UC Davis discussed their experiences as early adopters of these smart street lighting systems. In Part II, presenters Laura Stuchinsky of the City of San Jose, CA, and Michael Poplawski of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory explored the MSSLC's recently released Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires. Part I: Experiences and Benefits June 11, 2013 View the presentation slides Part II: Reviewing the MSSLC's Model Specification
Standardization of user interfaces for lighting controls
Standardization of human-machine interfaces has proved beneficial in a number of technology areas. Lighting control is a home and office technology that is of central importance in energy efficiency and could potentially benefit from standardization, ... Keywords: CIE, Concepts, HVAC, IEANA, IEC, ISO, Indicators, LED, Lighting controls, NEMA, SAE, Standards, Symbols, User interfaces
Bruce Nordman; Jessica Granderson; Kelly Cunningham
The state of the energy industry combined with growing economic pressures will drive accelerated use of energy-efficient dimmable lighting devices and control systems. While penetration and application will be different across customer sectors, the goal is to dynamically reduce lighting load without compromising productivity and the quality of light and life in a timely manner. Continual improvement of dimmable devices and controls is paramount to achieving that goal. EPRI research concepts in system com...
Lighting Group: Controls: Systems Integration
Systems Integration Building Control Systems Integration Objective This research project investigates how diverse building control systems can be integrated to provide seamless...
Controls for Solid-State Lighting
This study predicts new hybrid lighting applications for LEDs. In hybrid lighting, LEDs provide a low-energy 'standby' light level while another, more powerful, efficient light source provides light for occupied periods. Lighting controls will allow the two light sources to work together through an appropriate control strategy, typically motion-sensing. There are no technical barriers preventing the use of low through high CRI LEDs for standby lighting in many interior and exterior applications today. The total luminous efficacy of LED systems could be raised by increasing the electrical efficiency of LED drivers to the maximum practically achievable level (94%). This would increase system luminous efficacy by 20-25%. The expected market volumes for many types of LEDs should justify the evolution of new LED drivers that use highly efficient ICs and reduce parts count by means of ASICs. Reducing their electronics parts count by offloading discrete components onto integrated circuits (IC) will allow manufacturers to reduce the cost of LED driver electronics. LED luminaire manufacturers will increasingly integrate the LED driver and thermal management directly in the LED fixture. LED luminaires of the future will likely have no need for separable lamp and ballast because the equipment life of all the LED luminaire components will all be about the same (50,000 hours). The controls and communications techniques used for communicating with conventional light sources, such as dimmable fluorescent lighting, are appropriate for LED illumination for energy management purposes. DALI has been used to control LED systems in new applications and the emerging ZigBee protocol could be used for LEDs as well. Major lighting companies are already moving in this direction. The most significant finding is that there is a significant opportunity to use LEDs today for standby lighting purposes. Conventional lighting systems can be made more efficient still by using LEDs to provide a low-energy standby state when lower light levels are acceptable.
Rubinstein, Francis
Portable lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution
A double lamp table or floor lamp lighting system has a pair of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) arranged vertically with a reflective septum in between. By selectively turning on one or both of the CFLs, down lighting, up lighting, or both up and down lighting is produced. The control system can also vary the light intensity from each CFL. The reflective septum insures that almost all the light produced by each lamp will be directed into the desired light distribution pattern which is selected and easily changed by the user. Planar compact fluorescent lamps, e.g. circular CFLs, particularly oriented horizontally, are preferable. CFLs provide energy efficiency. The lighting system may be designed for the home, hospitality, office or other environments.
Siminovitch, Michael J. (Pinole, CA); Page, Erik R. (Berkeley, CA)
Intelligent light control using sensor networks
Increasing user comfort and reducing operation costs have always been two primary objectives of building operations and control strategies. Current building control strategies are unable to incorporate occupant level comfort and meet the operation goals ... Keywords: active sensing, intelligent buildings, light control, sensor networks
Vipul Singhvi; Andreas Krause; Carlos Guestrin; James H. Garrett, Jr.; H. Scott Matthews
Controlling statistical properties of stored light
Statistical properties of outgoing light pulses are studies after they have been stored in a medium of atoms in the tripod configuration. A generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, storing of squeezed states and homodyne signal analysis are discussed in the context of their dependence on the parameters of the control fields used for light storage and release.
A. Raczynski; K. Slowik; J. Zaremba; S. Zielinska-Kaniasty
Energy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control
Energy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control in a Shared-Space Office Yao preference and requirements vary · among individuals · with tasks · with time and age Lighting satisfaction occupants sharing an office? · Ethernet infrastructure How will the energy savings and user satisfaction
Agogino, Alice M.
Visualization & Controls Program Peer Review | Department of Energy
Visualization & Controls Program Peer Review Visualization & Controls Program Peer Review Visualization & Controls Program Peer Review With mounting evidence suggesting an increased probability that malicious attacks may be launched against energy control systems, there is a critical need to understand specific cyber vulnerabilities and corresponding mitigation strategies. This need is being addressed by SCADA/ Energy Management System (EMS) Cyber Security Assessments conducted at the National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) facility at INL and at on-site field installations of control systems. Visualization & Controls Program Peer Review More Documents & Publications DOE/OE National SCADA Test Bed Fiscal Year 2009 Work Plan DOE National SCADA Test Bed Program Multi-Year Plan Vulnerability Analysis of Energy Delivery Control Systems - 2011
Definition: Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization, & Control | Open Energy
Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization, & Control Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization, & Control Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization, & Control Wide area monitoring and visualization requires time synchronized sensors, communications, and information processing that make it possible for the condition of the bulk power system to be observed and understood in real-time so that protective, preventative, or corrective action can be taken.[1] Related Terms Wide area, bes emergency, sustainability, smart grid References ↑ SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Functions' An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Wide_Area_Monitoring,_Visualization,_%26_Control&oldid=502579
A description and evaluation of light-emitting diode displays for generation of visual stimuli*
A description and evaluation of light-emitting diode displays for generation of visual stimuli 53706 A description of the design and function of light-emitting diode (LED) display modules is given (Time, April 1972). Light-emitting diodes (L~Ds) are examples of these spin-offs, LED display devices
Massaro, Dominic
Sensor Control Unit Light Submitted by:
With the growing need to conserve energy, more people are becoming conscious of energy consumption and are looking for ways to reduce costly waste associated with electricity. Though most consumers do not think about lighting until the light bulb fails or the power goes out, expenses incurred due to lighting have been found to be a large part of overall energy consumption and lighting has now become the focus of efforts aimed at reducing the high cost of electricity. The purpose of our project is to design an Automatic Light Control Device (ALCD) to help curb the high cost of internal lighting while creating a convenient effortlessly lighted environment for the consumer. Today, energy saving devices, such as occupancy or motion sensors, is used by a multiple of people for the conservation of power. Motion detectors cause lights to turn on after entering the room and off after no movement is detected for a certain amount of time. This unit is efficient; however, energy is loss due to the presence and absence of movement in a particular room by the sensor continuously activating on or off. Unneeded cycling uses more power and defeats the intended purpose of saving energy. The ALCD will save energy by eliminating false conditions, thereby minimizing light
Professor Joseph Picone; Ece Senior Design I; John Thompson; Marshalia Green; Brad Lowe; Lutrisha Johnson; Automatic Light Control Device
VISUALIZATION & CONTROLS PEER REVIEW PRESENTATIONS | Department of Energy
VISUALIZATION & CONTROLS PEER REVIEW PRESENTATIONS VISUALIZATION & CONTROLS PEER REVIEW PRESENTATIONS VISUALIZATION & CONTROLS PEER REVIEW PRESENTATIONS PROGRAM AGENDA Marriott Crystal City at Reagan National Airport 1999 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, Virginia 22202 October 18, 2006 7:30 - 8:30 a.m. Continental Breakfast Times CONTROL SYSTEMS CONTROL SYSTEMS SECURITY 8:30 - 8:45 Introduction - Phil Overholt firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction - Hank Kenchington email@example.com 8:45 - 9:15 Overview of Reliability and Markets Bob Thomas, PSERC/Cornell Univ. firstname.lastname@example.com Cyber Security Assessments of Control Systems in the Energy Sector Bob Hill, INL email@example.com 9:15 - 9:45 Market Monitoring Tools Bernard Lesieutre, LBNL firstname.lastname@example.com Cyber Security Assessments of Inter Control Center Communications Protocol Implementations
Design of a Personalized Lighting Control System Enabled by a Space Model
This paper reports on a research effort to develop a prototype of a personalized lighting control system that adjusts the visual environment based on user preferences. Lighting controllers query a space model to retrieve lighting objects that are near given user locations and map user preferences into control actions for these lighting objects. A user scenario illustrates the concept of personalized lighting control. The scenario is used to develop functional and non-functional system requirements which inform system design. The structure of a proposed space model and space model queries are described and illustrated with examples. Implementation environments for system modules and data communication between modules are discussed. System and user tests are outlined that will be performed for initial feedback on the feasibility of personalized lighting control.
Suter, G.; Petrushevski, F.; Sipetic, M.
Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter
Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print Wednesday, 27 January 2010 00:00 Schemes that use one light...
Intelligent Light Control using Sensor Networks
Increasing user comfort and reducing operation costs have always been two primary objectives of building operations and control strategies. Current building control strategies are unable to incorporate occupant level comfort and meet the operation goals simultaneously. In this paper, we present a novel utility-based building control strategy that optimizes the tradeo# between meeting user comfort and reduction in operation cost by reducing energy usage. We present an implementation of the proposed approach as an intelligent lighting control strategy that significantly reduces energy cost. Our approach is based on a principled, decision theoretic formulation of the control task. We demonstrate the use of mobile wireless sensor networks to optimize the tradeo # between fulfilling di#erent occupants' light preferences and minimizing energy consumption. We further extend our approach to optimally exploit external light sources for additional energy savings, a process called daylight harvesting. Also we demonstrate that an active sensing approach can maximize the mobile sensor network's lifetime by sensing only during most informative situations. We provide e#cient algorithms for solving the underlying complex optimization problems, and extensively evaluate our proposed approach in a proof-of-concept testbed using MICA2 motes and dimmable lamps. Our results indicate a significant improvement in user utility and reduced energy expenditure.
Vipul Singhvi Civil; Vipul Singhvi; Civil Engineering Dept; James H. Garrett
Lighting Control Design | Open Energy Information
Design Design Jump to: navigation, search Name Lighting Control & Design Place Glendale, California Zip CA 91201 Product California-based manufacturer of digital lighting controls and software. Coordinates 43.125946°, -87.928409° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.125946,"lon":-87.928409,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Lighting Control Testbeds at the General Services Administration...
Lighting Control Testbeds at the General Services Administration: Showing Promise for Lighting Energy Reductions NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab...
This study describes the impact of lighting management systems that dynamically control lights in accordance with the needs of occupants. Various control strategies are described: scheduling, tuning, lumen depreciation, and daylighting. From initial experimental results, the energy savings provided by each of the above strategies are estimated to be 26, 12, 14, and 15%, respectively. Based upon a cost of $0.05-0.10 per kWh for electric energy and a 2-, 3-, or 4-yr payback, target costs for a simple and a sophisticated lighting management system are found to be $0.24 and 1.89 per ft{sup 2}, respectively, for a cost-effective investment. A growth model, based upon an extrapolation of the increase in building stock since 1975, indicates that the commercial and industrial (C and I) building stock will grow from 40 x 10{sup 9} ft{sup 2} in 1980 to about 67 x 10{sup 9} ft{sup 2} by the year 2000. Even with the use of more efficient lighting components, the energy required for this additional C and I stock will be 307 x 10{sup 9} kWh, an increase of only 13 x 10{sup 9} kWh above current use. The specified information is used to analyze the economic impacts that using these systems will have on the lighting industry, end users, utility companies, and the nation's economy. A $1 - 4 x 10{sup 9} annual lighting control industry can be generated, creating many jobs. The estimated return on investment (ROI) for controls for end users would be between 19 and 38%. Utilities will be able to make smaller additions to capacity and invest less capital at 7-10% ROI. Finally, the annual energy savings, up to $3.4 x 10{sup 9} for end users and about $5 x 10{sup 9} for utilities, representing unneeded generating capacity, will be available to capitalize other areas of the economy.
Verderber, R.R.; Rubinstein, F.
Innovative Lighting-Control and Demand-Response Systems
This EPRI technical update continues the technical assessment of modern lighting-control and demand-response (DR) systems in the following product areas: programmable timer switches, scalable lighting-control systems, Zigbee-based add-on control systems, and Z-Wave�based lighting controllers. This research helps to demonstrate that there is a wide variety of advanced lighting controls entering the marketplace each year, and it describes how they respond to a range of DR and power-quality ...
provide a low-energy �standby� light level while another,through high CRI LEDs for standby lighting in many interioruse LEDs today for standby lighting purposes. Conventional
The design and evaluation of integrated envelope and lighting control strategies for commercial buildings
This study investigates control strategies for coordinating the variable solar-optical properties of a dynamic building envelope system with a daylight controlled electric lighting system to reduce electricity consumption and increase comfort in the perimeter zone of commercial buildings. Control strategy design can be based on either simple, instantaneous measured data, or on complex, predictive algorithms that estimate the energy consumption for a selected operating state of the dynamic envelope and lighting system. The potential benefits of optimizing the operation of a dynamic envelope and lighting system are (1) significant reductions in electrical energy end-uses - lighting, and cooling due to solar and lighting heat gains - over that achieved by conventional static envelope and lighting systems, (2) significant reductions in peak demand, and (3) increased occupant visual and thermal comfort. The DOE-2 building energy simulation program was used to model two dynamic envelope and lighting systems, an automated venetian blind and an electrochromic glazing system, and their control strategies under a range of building conditions. The energy performance of simple control strategies are compared to the optimum performance of a theoretical envelope and lighting system to determine the maximum potential benefit of using more complex, predictive control algorithms. Results indicate that (1) predictive control algorithms may significantly increase the energy-efficiency of systems with non-optimal solar-optical properties such as the automated venetian blind, and (2) simpler, non-predictive control strategies may suffice for more advanced envelope systems 1 incorporating spectrally selective, narrow-band electrochromic coatings.
Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.E.
A living laboratory study in personalized automated lighting controls
We report on an experimental case study of personalized lighting controls built on top of an infrastructure designed to enable rapid development of applications in commercial buildings. Our personalized lighting controls (PLC) use an existing standard ... Keywords: energy management, lighting controls, web interface
Andrew Krioukov; Stephen Dawson-Haggerty; Linda Lee; Omar Rehmane; David Culler
Power reduction control for inductive lighting installation
A control system for continuously, selectively reducing power consumption in an inductive lighting installation energized from an A.C. power source, the installation including at least one gas discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp energized through any of a plurality of different types of electromagnetic ballast having different harmonic distortion characteristics, the control system is described comprising: load energizing circuit means, including a signal-actuated normally-closed primary switch, for connecting an A.C. power source to the lighting installation; a signal-actuated, normally-open secondary switch connected in parallel with the lighting installation; actuation means for generating actuation signals and applying such actuation signals to the primary and secondary switches to actuate the primary switch open and to actuate the secondary switch closed in approximate time coincidence in each half-cycle of the A.C. power; zero-crossing detector means for generating zero-crossing signals at times TX indicative of zero-voltage transitions in the A.C. power; and program means, connected to the zero-crossing detector means and to the actuation means, programming the actuation means to generate (a) power reduction actuation signals at times T1 and T2 in each half-cycle of the A.C. power, (b) a first filter actuation signal at a time T3 prior to each zero-crossing time TX, and (c) a second filter actuation signal at a time T4 following each zero-crossing time TX; the program means including a plurality of programs each establishing a set of times T1, T2, T3 and T4 for several different power reduction levels for a particular type of ballast; and selection means for selecting a program to match the ballast type of the load.
Falk, K.R.
Modern lighting sources and controls for energy efficient lighting and a smart control algorithm application
Energy is an important measure of prosperity of a nation. Energy has been the life-blood for continual progress of human civilization. Since the beginning of industrial revolution around two centuries ago, the global energy consumption has increased ... Keywords: energy efficiency, energy saving, fuzzy logic, modern lighting, sensors, smart controls
?afak Sa?lam; B�lent Oral
Reviewing the role of photosensors in lighting control systems
The application of innovative technologies of automatic control in lighting systems gains daily the interest of engineers, constructors and users. The main purpose of these applications is the energy savings. Daylight control is a form of automatic control ... Keywords: daylight, lighting controls, photosensor
L. Doulos; A. Tsangrassoulis; F. V. Topalis
Intelligent lighting control principles. Report for oct 78-apr 79
It is generally recognized that compared to illumination from ceiling-mounted electric lighting, an equal amount of daylight illumination from windows can be about three times more effective in producing visibility. If this is true, then visibility-based lighting controls will result in greater energy conservation than will illumination-based lighting controls. A mathematical technique has been developed suitable for an intelligent microprocessor-based equi-visibility lighting control system. In an example room, a computer simulation compares the energy consumption for on-off, high-low-off, equi-illumination, and equi-visibility lighting controls systems.
Pierpoint, W.
Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Control | Department of Energy
Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Control Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Control The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently conducting research into the harmonization of ZigBee, BACnet-or building automation and control network-and DALI-or digital addressable lighting interface-systems in wireless dimming lighting controls. Four proposed modules will enable "plug-and-play" capabilities for all DALI-compatible controls and BACnet-compatible systems. Project Description This project seeks to develop "plug-and-play" capabilities for lighting as an integrated component of a whole-building control system. Verified Energy, LLC, attempts to demonstrate the benefits of implementing wireless control in dimming applications using plug-and-play principles.
Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print Schemes that use one light pulse to manipulate interactions of another with matter are well developed in the...
Section 5.4.4 Lighting Controls: Greening Federal Facilities...
dimming ballasts can lower the lighting power to as little as 1-10%, depending on the ballast type. Ev- ery time the lights are dimmed, energy is saved. DAYLIGHT CONTROLS...
Since lighting accounts for about one-third of the energy used in commercial buildings, there is opportunity to conserve. There are two ways to reduce lighting energy use: modify lighting systems so that they used less electricity and/or reduce the number of hours the lights are used. This booklet presents a number of ways to do both. Topics covered include: reassessing lighting levels, reducing lighting levels, increasing bulb & fixture efficiency, using controls to regulate lighting, and taking advantage of daylight.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
How to Select Lighting Controls for Offices and Public Buildings
towards greater energy efficiency, while saving taxpayer dollars. How to Select Lighting Controls For Offices and Public Buildings LT-8 PAGE 1 DECEMBER 2000 Definitions...
On the calibration and commissioning of lighting controls
Lighting controls have the potential to capture significant energy savings in commercial buildings if properly specified, installed, commissioned and maintained. Proper commissioning is often absent in lighting projects and the lack of commissioning can significantly reduce a project`s energy savings potential. The paper focuses on the importance of good commissioning practice for obtaining satisfactory performance from lighting control systems and discusses the difficulties of commissioning today`s systems. Some practical suggestions for commissioning lighting controls is offered as well as advice to specifiers and early adopters to aid them in selecting controls that are most appropriate to their requirements.
Rubinstein, F.; Avery, D.; Jennings, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Environmental Energy Technologies Div.; Blanc, S. [Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Ramon, CA (United States). Customer Energy Management Dept.
Power control architectures for cold cathode fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode based light sources.
?? In this dissertation, two different energy efficient power supply topologies are introduced for controlling cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) and high-brightness light emitting diode� (more)
Doshi, Montu V.
Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends High Technology and Industrial Buildings Lighting Systems Residential Buildings Simulation Tools Sustainable Federal Operations Windows...
The California Advanced Lighting Controls Training Program (CALCTP)
The California Advanced Lighting Controls Training Program (CALCTP) The California Advanced Lighting Controls Training Program (CALCTP) Speaker(s): Bernie Kotlier Date: March 2, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Sila Kiliccote CALCTP is a broad based partnership that is dedicated to advancing the California State policy of energy conservation as the first priority for serving the state's future energy needs. CALCTP is supported, operated and directed by representatives of the California Lighting Technology Center, the California Energy Commission, the California Community College system, investor owned utilities, municipal utilities, electrical contractors, electrical workers, and manufacturers of advanced, high efficiency lighting and lighting control systems. The mission of the California Advanced Lighting Controls Training Program (CALCTP) is to make
Market transformation opportunities for emerging dynamic facade and dimmable lighting control systems
Dynamic Fa�ade and Dimmable Lighting Control Systems Eleanorand integrated fa�ade and lighting system that operatesof these cases, electric lighting should be controlled to
Lee, Eleanor S.; Selkowitz, Stephen E.; Hughes, Glenn D.; Thurm, David A.
Quantifying National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings
Performance of Occupancy-Based Lighting Control Systems: AReview. � Lighting Residential Technology 42:415-431. Itron,Information Template � Indoor Lighting Controls. Pacific Gas
Williams, Alison
Deficiencies of Lighting Codes and Ordinances in Controlling Light Pollution from Parking Lot Lighting Installations.
??The purpose of this research was to identify the main causes of light pollution from parking lot electric lighting installations and highlight the deficiencies of� (more)
Royal, Emily
Advanced Lighting Controls - My Venture from the Ivory Tower
Advanced Lighting Controls - My Venture from the Ivory Tower Advanced Lighting Controls - My Venture from the Ivory Tower Speaker(s): Charlie Huizenga Date: June 15, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Dragan Charlie Curcija Lighting energy represents 30-40% of commercial building electricity consumption, yet very few buildings have advanced lighting controls. The potential energy savings are tremendous as is the opportunity to reduce demand on the grid during critical peak use periods. Charlie will describe how low-cost wireless radio technology developed at UC Berkeley and commercialized by Adura Technologies is creating a paradigm shift in the way we think about controlling lighting. Beyond deep energy savings and demand response, the technology offers personal control for occupants and
Dynamic Electron Control using Light and Nanostructure.
??The advent of nano-technology has made possible the manipulation of electron or light through nanostructures. For example, a nano-tip in near-field optical microscopy allows imaging� (more)
Huang, Cheng-Wei
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results
An advanced electronically ballasted lighting control system was installed in a portion of an office building to measure the energy and demand savings. The lighting control system used an integrated lighting control scenario that included daylight following, lumen depreciation correction, and scheduling. The system reduced lighting energy on weekdays by 62% and 51% in the north and south daylit zones, respectively, compared to a reference zone that did not have controls. During the summer, over 75% energy savings were achieved on weekdays in the north daylit zone. Even in the south interior zone, which benefitted lime from daylight, correction strategies and adjustment of the aisleway lights to a low level resulted in energy use of only half that of the reference zone. Although, in general, the savings varied over the year due to changing daylight conditions, the energy reduction achieved with controls could be fit using a simple analytical model. Significant savings also occurred during core operating hours when it is more expensive to supply and use energy. Compared to the usage in the reference zone, energy reductions of 49%, 44%, and 62% were measured in the south daylight, south interior, and north daylight zones, respectively, during core operating hours throughout the year. Lighting energy usage on weekends decreased dramatically in the zones with controls, with the usage in the north daylit zone only 10% that of the reference zone. A simple survey developed to assess occupant response to the lighting control system showed that the occupants were satisfied with the light levels provided.
Rubinstein, F. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlled for Daylight and Visual Comfort
in thermal, daylighting, and control system performanceEC windows and daylighting control systems: energy savingswith a dimmable daylighting control system. Daily lighting
Lee, Eleanor S.; DiBartolomeo, Dennis L.; Klems, Joseph; Yazdanian, Mehry; Selkowitz, Stephen E.
NERSC Visualization and Analysis for Nanoscale Control of Geologic Carbon
Nanocontrol of CO2 Nanocontrol of CO2 Visualization and Analysis for Nanoscale Control of Geologic Carbon Dioxide Goals * Collect experimental 2D-3D imaging data in order to investigate fluid-fluid and fluid-rock interactions; * Provide algorithms for better understanding of processes governing fluid-fluid and fluid-rock systems, related to geologic sequestration of CO2; * Develop image processing methods for analyzing experimental data and comparing it to simulations; * Detect/reconstruct material interfaces, quantify contact angles, derive contact angle distribution, etc. Impact * Unveil knowledge required for developing technology to store CO2 safely in deep surface rock formations, thus reducing amount of CO2 in atmosphere; More Personnel * CRD: Wes Bethel, Dani Ushizima, Gunther Weber (SciDAC-e award)
Adapting Wireless Technology to Lighting Control and Environmental Sensing
The high cost of retrofitting buildings with advanced lighting control systems is a barrier to adoption of this energy-saving technology. Wireless technology, however, offers a solution to mounting installation costs since it requires no additional wiring to implement. To demonstrate the feasibility of such a system, a prototype wirelessly-controlled advanced lighting system was designed and built. The system includes the following components: a wirelessly-controllable analog circuit module (ACM), a wirelessly-controllable electronic dimmable ballast, a T8 3-lamp fixture, an environmental multi-sensor, a current transducer, and control software. The ACM, dimmable ballast, multi-sensor, and current transducer were all integrated with SmartMesh{trademark} wireless mesh networking nodes, called motes, enabling wireless communication, sensor monitoring, and actuator control. Each mote-enabled device has a reliable communication path to the SmartMesh Manager, a single board computer that controls network functions and connects the wireless network to a PC running lighting control software. The ACM is capable of locally driving one or more standard 0-10 Volt electronic dimmable ballasts through relay control and a 0-10 Volt controllable output. The mote-integrated electronic dimmable ballast is designed to drive a standard 3-lamp T8 light fixture. The environmental multi-sensor measures occupancy, light level and temperature. The current transducer is used to measure the power consumed by the fixture. Control software was developed to implement advanced lighting algorithms, including daylight ramping, occupancy control, and demand response. Engineering prototypes of each component were fabricated and tested in a bench-scale system. Based on standard industry practices, a cost analysis was conducted. It is estimated that the installation cost of a wireless advanced lighting control system for a retrofit application is at least 30% lower than a comparable wired system for a typical 16,000 square-foot office building, with a payback period of less than 3 years.
Dana Teasdale; Francis Rubinstein; Dave Watson; Steve Purdy
Using Light to Control How X Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print Wednesday, 27 January 2010 00:00 Schemes that use one light pulse to manipulate interactions of another with matter are well developed in the visible-light regime where an optical control pulse influences how an optical probe pulse interacts with a medium. This approach has opened new research directions in fields like quantum computing and nonlinear optics, while also spawning entirely new research areas, such as electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light. However, it has been unclear whether similar optical control schemes could be used to modify how x rays interact with matter. In a dramatic breakthrough demonstration at the ALS, a Berkeley Lab-Argonne National Laboratory group has now used powerful visible-light lasers to render a nominally opaque material transparent to x rays. While x-ray transparency will have immediate applications at x-ray light sources, the important result is that the findings lay a foundation for a broader spectrum of applications.
List of Lighting Controls/Sensors Incentives | Open Energy Information
Sensors Incentives Sensors Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 493 Lighting Controls/Sensors Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 493) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP (Central and North) - CitySmart Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Schools Boilers Central Air conditioners Chillers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Custom/Others pending approval Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls Furnaces Heat pumps Lighting Lighting Controls/Sensors Motor VFDs Motors Roofs Windows Yes AEP (Central, North and SWEPCO) - Commercial Solutions Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit
of a simple energy management system (scheduling strategy)that all new energy management systems will employ all fourpresented on energy management systems, control strategies,
Depreciation, and Daylighting This control system is moresystem can provide (scheduling, lumen depre- ciation, tuning, daylighting), andSystem Performance Scheduling Lumen Maintenance Tuning Daylighting
Advanced Lighting Controls - My Venture from the Ivory Tower Speaker(s): Charlie Huizenga Date: June 15, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Dragan...
Performance modeling of daylight integrated photosensor-controlled lighting systems
Some building energy codes now require the incorporation of daylight into buildings and automatic photosensor-controlled switching or dimming of the electric lighting system in areas that receive daylight. This paper describes enhancements to the open-source ...
Richard G. Mistrick; Craig A. Casey
Status report on the Advanced Light Source control system
This paper is a status report on the ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE (ALS) control system. The current status, performance data, and future plans will be discussed. Manpower, scheduling, and costs issues are addressed.
Magyary, S.; Chin, M.; Fahmie, M.; Lancaster, H.; Molinari, P.; Robb, A.; Timossi, C.; Young, J.
Light control of the flow of phototactic microswimmer suspensions
Some micro-algae are sensitive to light intensity gradients. This property is known as phototaxis: the algae swim toward a light source (positive phototaxis). We use this property to control the motion of micro-algae within a Poiseuille flow using light. The combination of flow vorticity and phototaxis results in a concentration of algae around the center of the flow. Intermittent light exposure allows analysis of the dynamics of this phenomenon and its reversibility. With this phenomenon, we hope to pave the way toward new algae concentration techniques (a bottleneck challenge in hydrogen algal production) and toward the improvement of pollutant bio-detector technology.
Xabel Garcia; Salima Rafa�; Philippe Peyla
Quantifying National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls in
National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls in National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Title Quantifying National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors Williams, Alison A., Barbara A. Atkinson, Karina Garbesi, and Francis M. Rubinstein Pagination 14 Date Published May Publisher LBNL-5895E Abstract Lighting has the largest estimated technical potential for energy savings of any U.S. building end-use. A significant fraction of that potential is believed to lie in lighting system controls. While controls are incorporated in national model building codes, their adoption and enforcement are spotty, and controls have been largely ignored in energy efficiency standards, leaving much potential untapped. The development of sound energy policy with respect to lighting controls depends on improved quantification of potential savings. Researchers have been quantifying energy savings from lighting controls in commercial buildings for more than 30 years, but results vary widely. This meta-analysis of energy savings potential used 240 savings estimates from 88 published sources, categorized into daylighting strategies, occupancy-based strategies, personal tuning, and institutional tuning. Beginning with an average of savings estimates based on the entire literature, this research added successive analytical filters to identify potential biases introduced to the estimates by different analytical approaches. We obtained relatively robust final estimates of average savings: 24% for occupancy, 28% for daylighting, 31% for personal tuning, 36% for institutional tuning, and 38% for combined approaches. Using these data and estimates of current and full penetration of controls, we calculated national energy savings potential on the order of 19%.
Analyzing occupancy profiles from a lighting controls field study
Despite a number of published studies on the effectiveness of lighting controls in buildings, only one US study examines the occupancy patterns of building occupants. Occupancy profiles allow one to determine, for example, the probability that an office is occupied for each hour of the workday. Occupancy profiles are useful for many purposes including: (1) predicting the effectiveness of occupancy sensors for reducing peak demand, (2) evaluating the impact of human activity on building lighting and other electric loads and (3) providing lighting equipment manufacturers with detailed lighting operation data to help evaluate the impact of advanced lighting controls on equipment life. In this paper, we examine the occupancy profiles for 35 single person offices at a large office building in San Francisco and analyze the data to obtain average occupancy as a function of time of day. In addition, we analyzed the data to identify how the use of occupancy sensors may affect switching cycles and lamp life.
Rubinstein, Francis; Colak, Nesrin; Jennings, Judith; Neils, Danielle
Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print Schemes that use one light pulse to manipulate interactions of another with matter are well developed in the visible-light regime where an optical control pulse influences how an optical probe pulse interacts with a medium. This approach has opened new research directions in fields like quantum computing and nonlinear optics, while also spawning entirely new research areas, such as electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light. However, it has been unclear whether similar optical control schemes could be used to modify how x rays interact with matter. In a dramatic breakthrough demonstration at the ALS, a Berkeley Lab-Argonne National Laboratory group has now used powerful visible-light lasers to render a nominally opaque material transparent to x rays. While x-ray transparency will have immediate applications at x-ray light sources, the important result is that the findings lay a foundation for a broader spectrum of applications.
The Advantage of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial Buildings
of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercialefficient, customized lighting for open-office cubicles.s �ambient� and �task� lighting components, 2) occupancy
Although advanced lighting control systems offer significant energy savings, the high cost of retrofitting buildings with advanced lighting control systems is a barrier to adoption of this energy-saving technology. Wireless technology, however, offers a solution to mounting installation costs since it requires no additional wiring to implement. To demonstrate the feasibility of such a system, a prototype wirelessly-controlled advanced lighting system was designed and built. The system includes the following components: a wirelessly-controllable analog circuit module (ACM), a wirelessly-controllable electronic dimmable ballast, a T8 3-lamp fixture, an environmental multi-sensor, a current transducer, and control software. The ACM, dimmable ballast, multi-sensor, and current transducer were all integrated with SmartMesh{trademark} wireless mesh networking nodes, called motes, enabling wireless communication, sensor monitoring, and actuator control. Each mote-enabled device has a reliable communication path to the SmartMesh Manager, a single board computer that controls network functions and connects the wireless network to a PC running lighting control software. The ACM is capable of locally driving one or more standard 0-10 Volt electronic dimmable ballasts through relay control and a 0-10 Volt controllable output, in addition to 0-24 Volt and 0-10 Volt inputs. The mote-integrated electronic dimmable ballast is designed to drive a standard 3-lamp T8 light fixture. The environmental multisensor measures occupancy, light level and temperature. The current transducer is used to measure the power consumed by the fixture. Control software was developed to implement advanced lighting algorithms, including open and closed-loop daylight ramping, occupancy control, and demand response. Engineering prototypes of each component were fabricated and tested in a bench-scale system. Based on standard industry practices, a cost analysis was conducted. It is estimated that the installation cost of a wireless advanced lighting control system for a retrofit application is at least 20% lower than a comparable wired system for a typical 16,000 square-foot office building, with a payback period of less than 3 years. At 30% market penetration saturation, a cumulative 695 Billion kWh of energy could be saved through 2025, a cost savings of $52 Billion.
Dana Teasdale; Francis Rubinstein; David S. Watson; Steve Purdy
New lighting and controls to save 67% at mall
A metal halide lighting system and a Staco control system that dims lighting in response to sunlight should save a Dallas hotel and office mall 67% in electricity costs. The new system replaces quartz lamps in the 160-foot-high atrium. The savings are a combination of state tax credits and lower air conditioning costs, which will pay for the $25,000 project in about 18 months. The metal halide system was chosen over sodium lighting in order to have more attractive color rendition and because it provides about twice as many lumens per watt as the quartz lamps. The Staco system will dim lamps in response to outdoor light and turn lights above a skating rink on and off at prescribed times.
Kennedy, K.
High-frequency Light Reflector via Low-frequency Light Control
We show that the momentum of light can be reversed via the atomic coherence created by another light with one or two orders of magnitude lower frequency. Both the backward retrieval of single photons from a time-ordered Dicke state and the reflection of continuous waves by high-order photonic band gaps are analyzed. A proof-of-principle experiment with thermal Rb vapor is proposed based on presently available techniques. This holds promise for X-ray reflectors controlled by low-frequency light.
Wang, Da-Wei; Evers, Joerg; Scully, Marlan O
Generating polarization controllable FELs at Dalian coherent light source
The property of the FEL polarization is of great importance to the user community. FEL pulses with ultra-high intensity and flexible polarization control ability will absolutely open up new scientific realms. In this paper, several polarization control approaches are presented to investigate the great potential on Dalian coherent light source, which is a government-approved novel FEL user facility with the capability of wavelength continuously tunable in the EUV regime of 50-150 nm. The numerical simulations show that both circularly polarized FELs with highly modulating frequency and 100 microjoule level pulse energy could be generated at Dalian coherent light source.
Zhang, T; Wang, D; Zhao, Z T; Zhang, W Q; Wu, G R; Dai, D X; Yang, X M
Multi-intersection Traffic Light Control Using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis
We address the traffic light control problem for multiple intersections in tandem by viewing it as a stochastic hybrid system and developing a Stochastic Flow Model (SFM) for it. Using Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA), we derive on-line gradient estimates of a cost metric with respect to the controllable green and red cycle lengths. The IPA estimators obtained require counting traffic light switchings and estimating car flow rates only when specific events occur. The estimators are used to iteratively adjust light cycle lengths to improve performance and, in conjunction with a standard gradient-based algorithm, to obtain optimal values which adapt to changing traffic conditions. Simulation results are included to illustrate the approach.
Geng, Yanfeng
A Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings from Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings
Technologies Program: hotel guest room energy controls. Sanhotel and institutional bathroom lighting. [CEC] California Energy
Plenary lecture V: predictive control strategies for image based visual servoing of robot manipulators
There is significant motivation to provide robot manipulators with improved autonomy using image based visual servo (IBVS) control. In classical approach, an image Jacobian matrix maps image space errors into errors in Cartesian space. Then, a simple ...
Corneliu Lazar
The Advantage of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial
The Advantage of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial The Advantage of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial Buildings Title The Advantage of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial Buildings Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-2514E Year of Publication 2008 Authors Rubinstein, Francis M., Dmitriy Bolotov, Mark S. Levi, Kevin Powell, and P. Schwartz Conference Name 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Volume 78 Call Number LBNL-2514E Abstract A dual-cathode arc plasma source was combined with a computer-controlled bias amplifier such as to synchronize substrate bias with the pulsed production of plasma. In this way, bias can be applied in a material-selective way. The principle has been applied to the synthesis metal-doped diamond-like carbon films, where the bias was applied and adjusted when the carbon plasma was condensing, and the substrate was at ground when the metal was incorporated. In doing so, excessive sputtering by too-energetic metal ions can be avoided while the sp3/sp2 ratio can be adjusted. It is shown that the resistivity of the film can be tuned by this species-selective bias. The principle can be extended to multiple-material plasma sources and complex materials.
Incoherent light as a control resource: a route to complete controllability of quantum systems
We discuss the use of incoherent light as a resource to control the atomic dynamics and review the proposed in Phys. Rev. A 84, 042106 (2011) method for a controlled transfer between any pure and mixed states of quantum systems using a combination of incoherent and coherent light. Formally, the method provides a constructive proof for an approximate open-loop Markovian state-transfer controllability of quantum system in the space of all density matrices---the strongest possible degree of quantum state control.
Alexander Pechen
Psychophysical evaluations of modulated color rendering for energy performance of LED-based architectural lighting
This thesis is focused on the visual perception evaluation of colors within an environment of a highly automated lighting control strategy. Digitally controlled lighting systems equipped with light emitting diodes, LEDs, ...
Thompson, Maria do Ros�rio
The lighting section of ASHRAE standard 90.1 is discussed. It applies to all new buildings except low-rise residential, while excluding specialty lighting applications such as signage, art exhibits, theatrical productions, medical and dental tasks, and others. In addition, lighting for indoor plant growth is excluded if designed to operate only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Lighting allowances for the interior of a building are determined by the use of the system performance path unless the space functions are not fully known, such as during the initial stages of design or for speculative buildings. In such cases, the prescriptive path is available. Lighting allowances for the exterior of all buildings are determined by a table of unit power allowances. A new addition the exterior lighting procedure is the inclusion of facade lighting. However, it is no longer possible to trade-off power allotted for the exterior with the interior of a building or vice versa. A significant change is the new emphasis on lighting controls.
McKay, H.N. (Hayden McKay Lighting Design, New York, NY (US))
Achieving Energy Savings with Highly-Controlled Lighting in an Open-Plan Office
If you could change the lighting in your office, what wouldapply. Highly-Controlled Lighting 50 of 50 April 19, 2010Europa 2009, 11th European Lighting Conference, Istanbul,
Evaluation of Alternative Field Buses for Lighting Control Applications
of standards. WILA�s ergonomic lighting forms the basis forachievement with motivating and health enhancing lighting.We create professional lighting for professionals. DALI
Koch, Ed; Rubinstein, Francis
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Why Agencies Should Buy Efficient Products s Executive Order 13123 and FAR section 23.704 direct agencies to purchase products in the upper 25% of energy efficiency, including all models that qualify for the EPA/DOE ENERGY STAR ® product labeling program. s Agencies that use these guidelines to buy efficient products can realize substantial operating cost savings and help prevent pollution. s As the world's largest consumer, the federal government can help "pull" the entire U.S. market towards greater energy efficiency, while saving taxpayer dollars. How to Select Lighting Controls For Offices and Public Buildings LT-8 PAGE 1 DECEMBER 2000 Definitions Daylight dimming employs sensors that detect ambient light levels and then allow ballasts to
Evaluation of Alternative Field Buses for Lighting ControlApplications
The Subcontract Statement of Work consists of two major tasks. This report is the Final Report in fulfillment of the contract deliverable for Task 1. The purpose of Task 1 was to evaluate existing and emerging protocols and standards for interfacing sensors and controllers for communicating with integrated lighting control systems in commercial buildings. The detailed task description follows: Task 1. Evaluate alternative sensor/field buses. The objective of this task is to evaluate existing and emerging standards for interfacing sensors and controllers for communicating with integrated lighting control systems in commercial buildings. The protocols to be evaluated will include at least: (1) 1-Wire Net, (2) DALI, (3) MODBUS (or appropriate substitute such as EIB) and (4) ZigBee. The evaluation will include a comparative matrix for comparing the technical performance features of the different alternative systems. The performance features to be considered include: (1) directionality and network speed, (2) error control, (3) latency times, (4) allowable cable voltage drop, (5) topology, and (6) polarization. Specifically, Subcontractor will: (1) Analyze the proposed network architecture and identify potential problems that may require further research and specification. (2) Help identify and specify additional software and hardware components that may be required for the communications network to operate properly. (3) Identify areas of the architecture that can benefit from existing standards and technology and enumerate those standards and technologies. (4) Identify existing companies that may have relevant technology that can be applied to this research. (5) Help determine if new standards or technologies need to be developed.
Light Control of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Using Azoxy-Based Host Materials
% ZhK-440 and 25% ZLI-2011. Light Control of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 129 #12;cholesteric systemsLight Control of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Using Azoxy-Based Host Materials G. Chilaya A, Swarthmore, PA, USA The characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystals can be controlled by light irradiation
Collings, Peter
Alternative Field Buses Alternative Field Buses for Lighting Control Applications Prepared By: Ed Koch, Akua Controls Francis Rubinstein, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Prepared For: Broadata Communications Torrence, CA May 15, 2005 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name,
Underwater robots require adequate guidance and control to perform useful tasks. Visual
Abstract Underwater robots require adequate guidance and control to perform useful tasks. Visual trained by reinforcement learn- ing our aim is to enable an underwater robot to hold station on a reef technologies for underwater exploration and obser- vation. Our objectives are to enable underwater robots
PenLight: combining a mobile projector and a digital pen for dynamic visual overlay
Digital pen systems, originally designed to digitize annotations made on physical paper, are evolving to permit a wider variety of applications. Although the type and quality of pen feedback (e.g., haptic, audio, and visual) have a huge impact on advancing ... Keywords: digital pen input, mobile projector, multi-layer interaction, spatially-aware display
Hyunyoung Song; Tovi Grossman; George Fitzmaurice; Fran�ois Guimbretiere; Azam Khan; Ramtin Attar; Gordon Kurtenbach
Daylighting: Measuring the Performance of Light Shelves and Occupant-Controlled Blinds on a Dimmed Lighting Systems
The design of a day lighted space is both an art and a science. The biggest challenge facing the lighting designer is to admit only as much light as necessary and distribute it evenly throughout the space without introducing glare or heat. In warm climates such as Florida, it has become common practice in windowed spaces to specify blinds and glazing with high shading coefficients to control glare and minimize heat gain. However, this practice reduces the effectiveness of lighting systems that dim automatically. Improved systems are needed to capture natural daylight and distribute it uniformly throughout a space while controlling heat gain and glare. One such system is the light shelf. Light shelves shade the space from direct sunlight and reflect this sunlight onto the ceiling for a deeper and more uniform distribution. While this is not a new idea, little unbiased empirical data has been collected, outside the laboratory, that compares the performance (energy savings, uniformity, and level) of an automatic daylighting system. This study measures the effectiveness of light shelves and manually controlled horizontal blinds in an automatic daylighting system. Power consumption and interior work-plane lighting levels were compared in four essentially identical private offices. Two offices were configured with an interior light shelf, one with a white diffuse top surface and the other with a specular surface. The third office had no window treatment and the fourth office had horizontal blinds, which were manually adjusted by the user. All offices had two lamp fluorescent luminaires with dimming ballasts (min. 20%) controlled by a ceiling mounted photosensor. The study showed that daytime savings ranged from 29% to 46%, with the largest savings from the office with the light shelves. The office with horizontal blinds showed the poor savings (32%) and also the poorest light uniformity and level.
Floyd, D. B.; Parker, D. S.
Research report of street lighting controls for the City of Portland, Oregon
This report examines various types of lighting controls for roadways these needs. Three types of control were explored: (1) ''Solid State ''Photocontrols; (2) Photocontrols with Partial Night Turn-off features; and (3) Variable Lighting Controls.
Qualmann, W.
Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote
Market-Based Programs Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires, V1.0 to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires, V1.0 on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires, V1.0 on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires, V1.0 on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control and Remote Monitoring of LED Roadway Luminaires, V1.0 on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Model Specification for Adaptive Control
Standardizing Communication Between Lighting Control Devices: A Role for IEEE P1451
Controller Controller sensor actuator sensor sensor actuator actuator Building equipment Building equipment Building equipment Environmental Variables: Temperature Light Airflow Occupancy CO 2 É Fire É Figure 1. Shown is a generic diagram of the relationship between controller, actuators and sensors in a typical building control application. Sensors detect the key environmental parameters, while the controller "decides" which actuator is to be controlled and how. The actuators operate the building equipment, which, in turn affects the building environment. The physical connection between controller and actuator and controller and sensor usually takes place over wires carrying an analog signal. Standardizing Communication Between Lighting Control Devices A Role for IEEE P1451
The Advantages of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and...
Conference Location Pacific Grove, CA Keywords demand response and distributed energy resources center, demand response research center, lighting Abstract The paper presents...
The California Advanced Lighting Controls Training Program (CALCTP...
Quantifying National Energy Savings Potential of Lighting Controls...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
There are many different types of artificial lights, all of which have different applications and uses.�Types of lighting include:
Visual-based Intelligent Control System for Robotic Gas Metal Arc Welding
Sensing and control the weld pool is a crucial problem for robotic gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) process. In present research, a special vision sensing system, assisted by a narrow-band filter which could overcome the influence of the strong arc light ...
Shi Yu; Xue Cheng; Fan Ding; Chen Jianhong
Natural lighting and skylights
There are many physiological and psychological factors which enter into the proper design of space for human occupancy. One of these elements is light. Both natural light and manufactured light are basic tools with which any designer must work. However, they are only two of the many, many elements which must be considered; and they, therefore, must be considered, always, in relation to the other elements. The achievement of good lighting depends on a reasonable understanding of three primary factors: one, the visual response to lighting; two, the availability and types of lighting; and three, methods for controlling light. This thesis is intended to supply enough information to provide a working knowledge of each of these facets. The human visual response is discussed in "Goals For Good Lighting." The availability and types of lighting are dealt with in the section on available light. The remainder of the thesis concerns methods for controlling light. The use of scale models for studying the natural lighting characteristics of buildings due to the building geometry, the fenestration details and the interior reflectance has been well established as pointed out in the earlier part of this thesis. With the completion of the work outlined herein, the feasibility of using scale models for studying skylights is also an established fact. The method of analysis by models can be a valuable tool to any designer who is concerned about day-lighting.
Evans, Benjamin Hampton
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results. Final report, July 1991
Rubinstein, F. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
A smart GUI based air-conditioning and lighting controller for energy saving in building
This paper will concentrate on the algorithm and control strategies where the air-conditioners and lighting system can be controlled using microcontroller; a microcontroller is chosen due to its low cost and high flexibility. Conceptually, the controller ... Keywords: energy saving control system, graphic LCD, graphical user interface (GUI), microcontroller
M. F. Abas; N. MD. Saad; N. L. Ramli
Achieving Energy Savings with Highly-Controlled Lighting in an Open-Plan
Achieving Energy Savings with Highly-Controlled Lighting in an Open-Plan Achieving Energy Savings with Highly-Controlled Lighting in an Open-Plan Office Title Achieving Energy Savings with Highly-Controlled Lighting in an Open-Plan Office Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3831E Year of Publication 2010 Authors Rubinstein, Francis M., and Abby I. Enscoe Date Published 04/2010 Abstract An installation in a Federal building tested the effectiveness of a highly-controlled, workstation-specific lighting retrofit. The study took place in an open-office area with 86 cubicles and low levels of daylight. Each cubicle was illuminated by a direct/indirect pendant luminaire with three 32 watt lamps, two DALI ballasts, and an occupancy sensor. A centralized control system programmed all three lamps to turn on and off according to occupancy on a workstation-by-workstation basis. Field measurements taken over the course of several months demonstrated 40% lighting energy savings compared to a baseline without advanced controls that conforms to GSA's current retrofit standard. A photometric analysis found that the installation provided higher desktop light levels than the baseline, while an occupant survey found that occupants in general preferred the lighting system to the baseline. Simple payback is fairly high; projects that can achieve lower installation costs and/or higher energy savings and those in which greenhouse gas reduction and occupant satisfaction are significant priorities provide the ideal setting for workstation-specific lighting retrofits.
Design criteria for lighting and controls modifications OSW, CTF, COS buildings
This project will retrofit the lighting systems in three (3) buildings at the Mound Plant. The buildings are Central Operational Support (COS), Component Test Facility (CTF) and operational Support West (OSW). This project consists of the installation of occupancy sensors in private offices, break areas and laboratories, automatic control lighting, (occupied/unoccupied) with the existing DDC system, removing selected light fixtures, replacing incandescent lighting and reprogramming some of the software controlling the operation of the air handling units in the a forementioned buildings.
Controlled storage of light in silicon cavities Ali W. Elshaari*, Abdelsalam Aboketaf, and Stefan F. Preble
. Khan, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, H. A. Haus, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Coupling of modes analysis demonstration of quantum memory for light," Nature 432(7016), 482486 (2004). 2. A. Politi, M. J. Cryan, J. G649 (2008). 3. V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light
Zanibbi, Richard
iCheat: a representation for artistic control of indirect cinematic lighting
Thanks to an increase in rendering efficiency, indirect illumination has recently begun to be integrated in cinematic lighting design, an application where physical accuracy is less important than careful control of scene appearance. This paper presents ...
Juraj Obert; Jaroslav K?iv�nek; Fabio Pellacini; Daniel Sykora; Sumanta Pattanaik
A new approach for driving high frequency energy saving ballasts is developed and documented in this report. The developed approach utilizes an IC-based platform that provides the benefits of reduced system cost, reduced ballast size, and universal application to a wide range of lamp technologies, such as linear fluorescent lamps (LFL), compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and high intensity discharge lamps (HID). The control IC chip set developed for the platform includes dual low voltage (LV) IC gate drive that provides gate drive for high and low side power switches in typical ballast circuits, and ballast controller IC that provides control functionalities optimal for different lamps and digital interface for future extension to more sophisticated control and communication.
Richard Zhang
Developing a dynamic envelope/lighting control system with field measurements
The feasibility of an intelligent venetian blind/lighting control system was tested in a 1:3 scale model outdoors under variable sun and sky conditions. The control algorithm, block direct sun and meet the design workplane illuminance level, was implemented using commercially available and custom designed blind and lighting systems hardware. While blocking direct sunlight, the blinds were properly controlled to maintain the design workplane illuminance within a tolerance of -10%, +25% when there was sufficient daylight. When daylight levels alone were inadequate, the electric lighting control system maintained the design workplane illuminance. The electric lighting could be turned off if a user-specified time period at minimum power was exceeded. Lighting energy savings of 51-71% (southwest) and 37-75% (south) was attained for the period from 8:00 to 17:00 on clear sunny days, compared to a fixed, partially closed blind with the same lighting system. Practical details for implementation and commissioning are discussed. The impact of control variations, such as profile angle, time step interval, and control area, on energy demand is investigated.
DiBartolomeo, D.L.; Lee, E.S.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Selkowitz, S.E.
Propagation of light in serially coupled plasmonic nanowire dimer: Geometry dependence and polarization control
We experimentally studied plasmon-polariton-assisted light propagation in serially coupled silver nanowire (Ag-NW) dimers and probed their dependence on bending-angle between the nanowires and polarization of incident light. From the angle-dependence study, we observed that obtuse angles between the nanowires resulted in better transmission than acute angles. From the polarization studies, we inferred that light emission from junction and distal ends of Ag-NW dimers can be systematically controlled. Further, we applied this property to show light routing and polarization beam splitting in obtuse-angled Ag-NW dimer. The studied geometry can be an excellent test-bed for plasmonic circuitry.
Singh, Danveer; Raghuwanshi, Mohit; Pavan Kumar, G. V. [Photonics and Optical Nanoscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008 (India)
Economic analysis of the daylight-linked lighting control system in office buildings
The objective of this study is to perform an economic analysis of the daylight-linked automatic on/off lighting control system installed for the purpose of energy savings in office buildings. For this, a building was chosen as a typical example, and the energy cost was calculated by using the daylight and building energy analysis simulation. When the lighting control was utilized, an economic analysis was performed using a payback period that was calculated by comparing the initial cost of installing the lighting control system with the annual energy cost which was reduced thanks to the application of the lighting control. The results showed that the lighting energy consumption, when the lighting control was applied, was reduced by an average of 30.5% compared with the case that there was not lighting control applied. Also, the result for total energy consumption showed that, when lighting control was applied, this was reduced by 8.5% when the glazing ratio was 100%, 8.2% for 80%, and 7.6% for 60% when compared to non-application. The payback period was analyzed in terms of the number of floors in a building; 10 floors, 20 floors, 30 floors, and 40 floors. Hence, the building with 40 floors and glazing ratio 100% resulted in the shortest payback period of 8.8 years, the building with 10 floors and glazing ratio 60% resulted in the longest period of 12.7 years. In other words, the larger the glazing ratio and the number of building floors are, the shorter the payback period is. (author)
Yang, In-Ho; Nam, Eun-Ji [Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, 26-3, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul 100-715 (Korea)
Argonne CNM News: Shedding Light on Nature's Nanoscale Control of Solar
Shedding Light on Nature's Nanoscale Control of Solar Energy Shedding Light on Nature's Nanoscale Control of Solar Energy Scanning tunneling microscopy tips A schematic of the Rhodobacter sphaerodes hexameric core, featuring the "special pair" (P) of degenerate bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules, and the active (a) and inactive (b) arms of BChl and bacteriopheophytin (BPh) molecules. The transient absorption (ΔA) spectra acquired following selective excitation of P are shown. Nature's process for storing solar energy occurs in light-absorbing protein complexes called photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Across billions of years of evolution, Nature has retained a common light-absorbing hexameric cofactor core for carrying out the very first chemical reaction of photosynthesis, the light-induced electron transfer across approximately 3
Eye-opening and control of visual synapse development in the mouse superior colliculus
The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) coordinates visual, somatosensory, and auditory stimuli to guide animal behavior. The superficial layers (sSC) receive visual information via two major afferent projections: 1) A ...
Phillips, Marnie A. (Marnie Ann)
The paper presents results from pilot studies of new 'workstation-specific' luminaires that are designed to provide highly, efficient, customized lighting for open-office cubicles. Workstation specific luminaires have the following characteristics: (1) they provide separate, dimming control of the cubicle's 'ambient' and 'task' lighting components, (2) occupancy sensors and control photosensors are integrated into the fixture's design and operation, (3) luminaires can be networked using physical cabling, microcontrollers and a PC running control software. The energy savings, demand response capabilities and quality of light from the two WS luminaires were evaluated and compared to the performance of a static, low-ambient lighting system that is uncontrolled. Initial results from weeks of operation provide strong indication that WS luminaires can largely eliminate the unnecessary lighting of unoccupied cubicles while providing IESNA-required light levels when the cubicles are occupied. Because each cubicle's lighting is under occupant sensor control, the WS luminaires can capitalize on the fact cubicles are often unoccupied during normal working hours and reduce their energy use accordingly.
Rubinstein, Francis; Bolotov, Dmitriy; Levi, Mark; Powell, Kevin; Schwartz, Peter
Illuminac: simultaneous naming and configuration for workspace lighting control
We explore natural and calm interfaces for configuring ubiquitous computing environments. A natural interface should enable the user to name a desired configuration and have the system enact that configuration. Users should be able to use familiar names ... Keywords: environment control, natural speech interfaces, non-negative matrix factorization
Ana Ram�rez Chang; John Canny
Power Quality Hotline Call-of-the-Month for November 2009: Failure of a Lighting-Control System Caused by Electrical Fast Transients (EFTs)
This Call of the Month discusses the basics of lighting-control systems, a recent failure of a lighting-control system caused by a common electrical disturbance, and some solutions to resolving compatibility problems with lighting-control systems.
Diesel Exhaust Emissions Control for Light-Duty Vehicles
The objective of this paper is to present the results of diesel exhaust aftertreatment testing and analysis done under the FreedomCAR program. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) adsorber technology was selected based on a previous investigation of various NOx aftertreatment technologies including non-thermal plasma, NOx adsorber and active lean NOx. Particulate Matter (PM) emissions were addressed by developing a catalyzed particulate filter. After various iterations of the catalyst formulation, the aftertreatment components were integrated and optimized for a light duty vehicle application. This compact exhaust aftertreatment system is dual leg and consists of a sulfur trap, NOx adsorbers, and catalyzed particulate filters (CPF). During regeneration, supplementary ARCO ECD low-sulfur diesel fuel is injected upstream of the adsorber and CPF in the exhaust. Steady state and transient emission test results with and without the exhaust aftertreatment system (EAS) are presented. Results of soot filter regeneration by injecting low-sulfur diesel fuel and slip of unregulated emissions, such as NH3, are discussed. Effects of adsorber size and bypass strategy on NOx conversion efficiency and fuel economy penalty are also presented in this paper. The results indicate that if the supplementary fuel injection is optimized, NH3 slip is negligible. During the FTP cycle, injection of low sulfur diesel fuel can create temperature exotherms high enough to regenerate a loaded CPF. With the optimized NOx adsorber regeneration strategies the fuel injection penalty can be reduced by 40 to 50%. Results for various other issues like low temperature light off, reductant optimization, exhaust sulfur management, system integration and design trade-off, are also presented and discussed in this paper. (SAE Paper SAE-2003-01-0041 � 2003 SAE International. This paper is published on this website with permission from SAE International. As a user of this website, you are permitted to view this paper on-line, download this pdf file and print one copy of this paper at no cost for your use only. The downloaded pdf file and printout of this SAE paper may not be copied, distributed or forwarded to others or for the use of others.)
Mital, R.; Li, J.; Huang, S. C.; Stroia, B. J.; Yu, R. C. (Cummins, Inc.); Anderson, J.A. (Argonne National Laboratory); Howden, Kenneth C. (U.S. Department of Energy)
Controlling of grid connected photovoltaic lighting system with fuzzy logic
In this study, DC electrical energy produced by photovoltaic panels is converted to AC electrical energy and an indoor area is illuminated using this energy. System is controlled by fuzzy logic algorithm controller designed with 16 rules. Energy is supplied from accumulator which is charged by photovoltaic panels if its energy would be sufficient otherwise it is supplied from grid. During the 1-week usage period at the semester time, 1.968 kWh energy is used from grid but designed system used 0.542 kWh energy from photovoltaic panels at the experiments. Energy saving is determined by calculations and measurements for one education year period (9 months) 70.848 kWh. (author)
Saglam, Safak; Ekren, Nazmi; Erdal, Hasan [Technical Education Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722 (Turkey)
Lighting fundamentals handbook: Lighting fundamentals and principles for utility personnel
Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of overall electricity use and demand in commercial buildings. This handbook for utility personnel provides a source of basic information on lighting principles, lighting equipment, and other considerations related to lighting design. The handbook is divided into three parts. Part One, Physics of Light, has chapters on light, vision, optics, and photometry. Part Two, Lighting Equipment and Technology, focuses on lamps, luminaires, and lighting controls. Part Three, Lighting Design Decisions, deals with the manner in which lighting design decisions are made and reviews relevant methods and issues. These include the quantity and quality of light needed for visual tasks, calculation methods for verifying that lighting needs are satisfied, lighting economics and methods for evaluating investments in efficient lighting systems, and miscellaneous design issues including energy codes, power quality, photobiology, and disposal of lighting equipment. The handbook contains a discussion of the role of the utility in promoting the use of energy-efficient lighting. The handbook also includes a lighting glossary and a list of references for additional information. This convenient and comprehensive handbook is designed to enable utility lighting personnel to assist their customers in developing high-quality, energy-efficient lighting systems. The handbook is not intended to be an up-to-date reference on lighting products and equipment.
Eley, C.; Tolen, T. (Eley (Charles) Associates, San Francisco, CA (United States)); Benya, J.R. (Luminae Souter Lighting Design, San Francisco, CA (United States))
"Investigating the way national grid controllers visualize the electricity transmission grid using a neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) approach"
Highly skilled South African experts are responsible for controlling the voltage levels of the electrical transmission grid. This paper reports on the research methodology, which was used to identify the mental structure of their expertise. The research ... Keywords: human factors, mental models, naturalistic decision making, neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), visualization
P. Lazanas
Table lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution and uniformly illuminated luminous shade
A double lamp table or floor lamp lighting system has a pair of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) or other lamps arranged vertically, i.e. one lamp above the other, with a reflective septum in between. By selectively turning on one or both of the CFLs, down lighting, up lighting, or both up and down lighting is produced. The control system can also vary the light intensity from each CFL. The reflective septum ensures that almost all the light produced by each lamp will be directed into the desired light distribution pattern which is selected and easily changed by the user. In a particular configuration, the reflective septum is bowl shaped, with the upper CFL sitting in the bowl, and a luminous shade hanging down from the bowl. The lower CFL provides both task lighting and uniform shade luminance. Planar compact fluorescent lamps, e.g. circular CFLs, particularly oriented horizontally, are preferable. CFLs provide energy efficiency. However, other types of lamps, including incandescent, halogen, and LEDs can also be used in the fixture. The lighting system may be designed for the home, hospitality, office or other environments.
26.3 / Y.-P. Huang 26.3: Multidirectional Asymmetrical Microlens-Array Light Control Films for
, leads to a ~5x gain in brightness over the MgO standard white and 12:1 contrast ratio for color STN advantages of the MAMA light control film. In this paper, we demonstrate the performances of MAMA light is poor. Adding a MAMA light control film not only shifts the peak reflectance of the STN panel from 300
Wu, Shin-Tson
System and Battery Charge Control for PV-Powered AC Lighting Systems
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This report reviews a number of issues specific to stand-alone AC lighting systems. A review of AC lighting technology is presented, which discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various lamps. The best lamps for small lighting systems are compact fluorescent. The best lamps for intermediate-size systems are high- or low-pressure sodium. Specifications for battery charging and load control are provided with the goal of achieving lamp lifetimes on the order of 16,000 to 24,000 hours and battery lifetimes of 4 to 5 years. A rough estimate of the potential domestic and global markets for stand-alone AC lighting systems is presented. DC current injection tests were performed on high-pressure sodium lamps and the test results are presented. Finally, a prototype system was designed and a prototype system controller (with battery charger and DC/AC inverter) was developed and built.
Kern, G.
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Visual
Visual Visual Visual logo. Comprehensive lighting analysis software engineered for demanding interior and exterior applications. Visual lighting design software integrates an advanced 3-D modeling environment with an intuitive interface�providing a unique and powerful extension of the design process. Professional presentation capabilities enable you to quickly develop, analyze, and modify advanced lighting designs. Visual performs direct and interreflected component calculations and provides the ability to quickly compose professional presentations. Screen Shots Keywords lighting, lighting design, roadway lighting, visual, lumen method Validation/Testing The algorithms used by Visual lighting design software to calculate illuminance levels in diffuse architectural models follow commonly accepted
A field demonstration of energy conservation using occupancy sensor lighting control in equipment rooms
The Pacific Northwest Laboratory identified energy savings potential of automatic equipment-room lighting controls, which was demonstrated by the field experiment described in this report. Occupancy sensor applications have gained popularity in recent years due to improved technology that enhances reliability and reduces cost. Automatic lighting control using occupancy sensors has been accepted as an energy-conservation measure because it reduces wasted lighting. This study focused on lighting control for equipment rooms, which have inherent conditions ideal for automatic lighting control, i.e., an area which is seldom occupied, multiple users of the area who would not know if others are in the room when they leave, and high lighting energy intensity in the area. Two rooms were selected for this study: a small equipment room in the basement of the 337 Building, and a large equipment area in the upper level of the 329 Building. The rooms were selected to demonstrate the various degrees of complexity which may be encountered in equipment rooms throughout the Hanford Site. The 337 Building equipment-room test case demonstrated a 97% reduction in lighting energy consumption, with an annual energy savings of $184. Including lamp-replacement savings, a total savings of $306 per year is offset by an initial installation cost of $1,100. The installation demonstrates a positive net present value of $2,858 when the lamp-replacement costs are included in a life-cycle analysis. This also corresponds to a 4.0-year payback period. The 329 Building equipment-room installation resulted in a 92% reduction in lighting energy consumption. This corresponds to annual energy savings of $1,372, and a total annual savings of $2,104 per year including lamp-replacement savings. The life-cycle cost analysis shows a net present value of $15,855, with a 5.8-year payback period.
Dagle, J.E.
Continuous Controls: Lighting Energy Management for Retrofit and New Construction Projects
The rising interest of specifiers and end-users in Lighting Energy Management (LEM) control equipment has led to an increased need for further education in the selection, capabilities and applications of such equipment. This paper addresses these and related points for a particular type of LEM equipment referred to as "continuous controls." More specifically, the need for such equipment and its performance are reviewed. The remainder of the paper discusses the capabilities and applications of continuous control equipment for retrofit and new construction projects. Particular attention is drawn to the need for specifiers and end-users to become more control conscious as continuous controls become more fully integrated into building design.
Schuett, R.
Diffracted light from latent images in photoresist for exposure control
In microelectronics manufacturing, an arrangement for monitoring and control of exposure of an undeveloped photosensitive layer on a structure susceptible to variations in optical properties in order to attain the desired critical dimension for the pattern to be developed in the photosensitive layer. This is done by ascertaining the intensities for one or more respective orders of diffracted power for an incident beam of radiation corresponding to the desired critical dimension for the photosensitive layer as a function of exposure time and optical properties of the structure, illuminating the photosensitive layer with a beam of radiation of one or more frequencies to which the photosensitive layer is not exposure-sensitive, and monitoring the intensities of the orders of diffracted radiation due to said illumination including at least the first order of diffracted radiation thereof, such that when said predetermined intensities for the diffracted orders are reached during said illumination of photosensitive layer, it is known that a pattern having at least approximately the desired critical dimension can be developed on the photosensitive layer.
Bishop, Kenneth P. (Rio Rancho, NM); Brueck, Steven R. J. (Albuquerque, NM); Gaspar, Susan M. (Albuquerque, NM); Hickman, Kirt C. (Albuquerque, NM); McNeil, John R. (Albuquerque, NM); Naqvi, S. Sohail H. (Albuquerque, NM); Stallard, Brian R. (Albuquerque, NM); Tipton, Gary D. (Albuquerque, NM)
A Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings from Lighting Controls in Commercial
A Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings from Lighting Controls in Commercial A Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings from Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Title A Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings from Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2011 Authors Williams, Alison A., Barbara A. Atkinson, Karina Garbesi, Francis M. Rubinstein, and Erik Page Series Title LBNL-5095E Pagination 25 Date Published September Keywords controls, daylighting, occupancy sensors, tuning Abstract Researchers have been quantifying energy savings from lighting controls in commercial buildings for more than 30 years. This study provides a meta-analysis of estimates of energy savings identified in the literature-240 savings estimates from 88 papers and case studies, categorized into daylighting strategies, occupancy strategies, personal tuning, and institutional tuning. Beginning with an overall average of savings estimates by control strategy, this paper adds successive analytical filters to identify potential biases introduced to the estimates by different analytical approaches. Based on the meta-analysis, the best estimates of average energy savings potential are 24% for occupancy, 28% for daylighting, 31% for personal tuning, 36% for institutional tuning, and 38% for multiple approaches. The results suggest that simulations significantly overestimate (by at least 10%) the average savings obtainable from daylighting in actual buildings.
An installation in a Federal building tested the effectiveness of a highly-controlled, workstation-specific lighting retrofit. The study took place in an open-office area with 86 cubicles and low levels of daylight. Each cubicle was illuminated by a direct/indirectpendant luminaire with three 32 watt lamps, two dimmable DALI ballasts, and an occupancy sensor. A centralized control system programmed all three lamps to turn on and off according to occupancy on a workstation-by-workstation basis. Field measurements taken over the course of several monthsdemonstrated 40% lighting energy savings compared to a baseline without advanced controls that conforms to GSA's current retrofit standard. A photometric analysis found that the installation provided higher desktop light levels than the baseline, while an occupant survey found that occupants in general preferred the lighting system to thebaseline.Simple payback is fairly high; projects that can achieve lower installation costs and/or higher energy savings and those in which greenhouse gas reduction and occupant satisfaction are significant priorities provide the ideal setting for workstation-specific lighting retrofits.
Rubinstein, Francis; Enscoe, Abby
Method and system for controlling the position of a beam of light
An method and system for laser beam tracking and pointing is based on a conventional position sensing detector (PSD) or quadrant cell but with the use of amplitude-modulated light. A combination of logarithmic automatic gain control, filtering, and synchronous detection offers high angular precision with exceptional dynamic range and sensitivity, while maintaining wide bandwidth. Use of modulated light enables the tracking of multiple beams simultaneously through the use of different modulation frequencies. It also makes the system resistant to interfering light sources such as ambient light. Beam pointing is accomplished by feeding back errors in the measured beam position to a beam steering element, such as a steering mirror. Closed-loop tracking performance is superior to existing methods, especially under conditions of atmospheric scintillation.
Steinkraus, Jr., Robert F. (San Francisco, CA); Johnson, Gary W. (Livermore, CA); Ruggiero, Anthony J. (Livermore, CA)
PICOntrol: using a handheld projector for direct control of physical devices through visible light
Today's environments are populated with a growing number of electric devices which come in diverse form factors and provide a plethora of functions. However, rich interaction with these devices can become challenging if they need be controlled from a ... Keywords: handheld projector, physical devices, visible light communication
Dominik Schmidt; David Molyneaux; Xiang Cao
Energy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control in a Shared-Space Office
powered, the limited-energy issue typical with other wireless sensor networks powered by batteries is non energy usage of the entire system, and to reinforce the wireless network links and compensate for lostEnergy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control in a Shared-Space Office Yao
Light: in response to time.
??Light can be described as the sensation aroused by stimulation of the visual organs; making vision possible. Being predominately visual beings, understanding the power of� (more)
Integrated simulation environment for lighting design
Lighting design involves the consideration of multiple performance criteria, from the earliest stages of conceptual design, through various stages of controls and operation in a project's life cycle. These criteria include: (1) the quantitative analysis of illuminance and luminance distribution due to daylighting and electric lighting; (2) qualitative analysis of the lighting design with photometrically accurate renderings of the designed environment; (3) analysis of energy implications of daylighting and electric lighting design and operation;, and (4) analysis of control strategies and sensor placement for maximizing energy savings from lighting control while providing visual comfort. In this paper we describe the development of an integrated decision-making environment that brings together several different tools, and provides the data management and process control required for a multi-criterion support of the design and operation of daylighting and electric lighting systems. The result is a powerful design and decision-making environment to meet the diverse and evolving needs of lighting designers and operators.
Pal, Vineeta; Papamichael, Konstantinos
Robust servo-control for underwater robots using banks of visual filters
We present an application of machine learning to the semi-automatic synthesis of robust servo-trackers for underwater robotics. In particular, we investigate an approach based on the use of Boosting for robust visual tracking of color objects in an underwater ...
Junaed Sattar; Gregory Dudek
Fiber-optic, anti-cycling, high pressure sodium street light control. Final technical progress report
This is the Final Technical Progress Report on a project to develop and market a Fiber-Optic Anti-Cycling High Pressure Sodium Street Light Control. The field test units are now being made with a single vertical PC board design and contains a computer-on-a-chip or PROM IC to take the place of the majority of the components previously contained on the upper logic board. This will reduce the final costs of the unit when it is in production and increase the control`s flexibility. The authors have finished the soft tooling and have made the 400 plastic cases for the field test units. The new configuration of the cases entails a simplified design of the control shell which will have the lenses cast in place. The shell and base plastics are now finished and in final assembly awaiting the completion of the PC boards.
Periodic optimal control for biomass productivity maximization in a photobioreactor using natural light
We address the question of optimization of the microalgal biomass long term productivity in the framework of production in photobioreactors under the influence of day/night cycles. For that, we propose a simple bioreactor model accounting for light attenuation in the reactor due to biomass density and obtain the control law that optimizes productivity over a single day through the application of Pontryagin's maximum principle, with the dilution rate being the main control. An important constraint on the obtained solution is that the biomass in the reactor should be at the same level at the beginning and at the end of the day so that the same control can be applied everyday and optimizes some form of long term productivity. Several scenarios are possible depending on the microalgae's strain parameters and the maximal admissible value of the dilution rate: bang-bang or bang-singular-bang control or, if the growth rate of the algae is very strong in the presence of light, constant maximal dilution. A bifurcation...
Grognard, Fr�d�ric; Bernard, Olivier
Evaluations of nutrient diffusing substrates and the primary importance of light in controlling periphyton
Eutrophication is an increasingly recognized threat to the health of streams and rivers in the United States. This thesis presents two studies aimed at increasing the utility of periphyton analysis as a tool for water resource managers to address eutrophication. In the first study, artificial channels were used to investigate the response of periphyton to different nutrient delivery mechanisms. In two channels, nutrients were delivered via diffusion to periphyton growth surfaces using modified Matlock Periphytometers. In two additional channels, nutrients were delivered by dosing water in the channel. The data showed that nutrient delivery via diffusion elicits a significantly greater periphyton response. The use of diffusing substrates for periphyton studies remains a viable tool for some objectives, but results should be extrapolated to natural conditions with caution. In the second study, modified Matlock Periphytometers and inexpensive light meters were used to investigate the relationship between periphyton growth and light availability in two fourth-order Texas streams. The data indicate that light availability explains 91.9 percent of the variability of observed periphyton growth under control conditions, and 99.7 percent under nutrient-enriched conditions. The strong correlation suggests that efforts to address eutrophication should recognize the importance of riparian shade. Equations to predict chlorophyll-a as a function of relative light intensity are also presented.
Murawski, Matthew Thomas
Stabilization of High Efficiency CdTe Photovoltaic Modules in Controlled Indoor Light Soaking
The performance and stabilization of large-area, high-efficiency 9%, CdTe photovoltaic (PV) modules maintained under controlled light-soaking nominally at 800 Watts/m2 irradiance and 65C module temperature are investigated. Degradation of module performance occurs predominantly in the first few hundred hours of exposure under these conditions; these symptoms included losses in fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short-circuit current (Isc), which amount to between 7% and 15% total loss in performance. Higher stabilized performance was achieved with lower copper content in the back contact. Transient effects in module Voc and Isc were observed, suggesting partial annealing thereof when stored under low-light levels. Performance changes are analyzed, aided by monitoring the current-voltage characteristics in situ during exposure.
del Cueto, J. A.; Pruett, J.; Cunningham, D.
The dynamics of individual nucleosomes controls the chromatin condensation pathway: direct AFM visualization of variant chromatin
Chromatin organization and dynamics is studied in this work at scales ranging from single nucleosome to nucleosomal array by using a unique combination of biochemical assays, single molecule imaging technique and numerical modeling. We demonstrate that a subtle modification in the nucleosome structure induced by the histone variant H2A.Bbd drastically modifies the higher order organization of the nucleosomal arrays. Importantly, as directly visualized by AFM, conventional H2A nucleosomal arrays exhibit specific local organization, in contrast to H2A.Bbd arrays, which show ?beads on a string? structure. The combination of systematic image analysis and theoretical modeling allows a quantitative description relating the observed gross structural changes of the arrays to their local organization. Our results strongly suggest that higher-order organization of H1-free nucleosomal arrays is mainly determined by the fluctuation properties of individual nucleosomes. Moreover, numerical simulations suggest the existenc...
Montel, Fabien; Castelnovo, Martin; Bednar, Jan; Dimitrov, Stefan; Angelov, Dimitar; Faivre-Moskalenko, Cendrine
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion on a Multi-Cylinder Light-Duty Diesel Engine
Reactivity controlled compression ignition is a low-temperature combustion technique that has been shown, both in computational fluid dynamics modeling and single-cylinder experiments, to obtain diesel-like efficiency or better with ultra-low nitrogen oxide and soot emissions, while operating primarily on gasoline-like fuels. This paper investigates reactivity controlled compression ignition operation on a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine with production-viable hardware using conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Experimental results are presented over a wide speed and load range using a systematic approach for achieving successful steady-state reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion. The results demonstrated diesel-like efficiency or better over the operating range explored with low engine-out nitrogen oxide and soot emissions. A peak brake thermal efficiency of 39.0% was demonstrated for 2600 r/min and 6.9 bar brake mean effective pressure with nitrogen oxide emissions reduced by an order of magnitude compared to conventional diesel combustion operation. Reactivity controlled compression ignition emissions and efficiency results are compared to conventional diesel combustion operation on the same engine.
Curran, Scott [ORNL; Hanson, Reed M [ORNL; Wagner, Robert M [ORNL
type, such as wasted light hours and energy costs. However,percent of wasted light hours. Figure 3. Energy Savings for
Lean visual management in an ERP/MES-controlled production cell
As a company grows, more and more effort is needed to control and coordinate operations. Typically, this is accomplished through an evolving collection of systems and processes, such as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ...
Kisby, Brian M. (Brian Matthew)
Chromatin organization and dynamics is studied in this work at scales ranging from single nucleosome to nucleosomal array by using a unique combination of biochemical assays, single molecule imaging technique and numerical modeling. We demonstrate that a subtle modification in the nucleosome structure induced by the histone variant H2A.Bbd drastically modifies the higher order organization of the nucleosomal arrays. Importantly, as directly visualized by AFM, conventional H2A nucleosomal arrays exhibit specific local organization, in contrast to H2A.Bbd arrays, which show ?beads on a string? structure. The combination of systematic image analysis and theoretical modeling allows a quantitative description relating the observed gross structural changes of the arrays to their local organization. Our results strongly suggest that higher-order organization of H1-free nucleosomal arrays is mainly determined by the fluctuation properties of individual nucleosomes. Moreover, numerical simulations suggest the existence of attractive interactions between nucleosomes to provide the degree of compaction observed for conventional chromatin fibers.
Fabien Montel; Herv� Menoni; Martin Castelnovo; Jan Bednar; Stefan Dimitrov; Dimitar Angelov; Cendrine Faivre-Moskalenko
Conceptual design of a pressure tube light water reactor with variable moderator control
This paper presents the development of innovative pressure tube light water reactor with variable moderator control. The core layout is derived from a CANDU line of reactors in general, and advanced ACR-1000 design in particular. It should be stressed however, that while some of the ACR-1000 mechanical design features are adopted, the core design basics of the reactor proposed here are completely different. First, the inter fuel channels spacing, surrounded by the calandria tank, contains a low pressure gas instead of heavy water moderator. Second, the fuel channel design features an additional/external tube (designated as moderator tube) connected to a separate moderator management system. The moderator management system is design to vary the moderator tube content from 'dry' (gas) to 'flooded' (light water filled). The dynamic variation of the moderator is a unique and very important feature of the proposed design. The moderator variation allows an implementation of the 'breed and burn' mode of operation. The 'breed and burn' mode of operation is implemented by keeping the moderator tube empty ('dry' filled with gas) during the breed part of the fuel depletion and subsequently introducing the moderator by 'flooding' the moderator tube for the 'burn' part. This paper assesses the conceptual feasibility of the proposed concept from a neutronics point of view. (authors)
Rachamin, R.; Fridman, E. [Reactor Safety Div., Inst. of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, POB 51 01 19, 01314 Dresden (Germany); Galperin, A. [Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, POB 653, Beer Sheva 84105 (Israel)
The Advantages of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial Buildings
4E 4E The Advantages of Highly Controlled Lighting for Offices and Commercial Buildings F. Rubinstein & D. Bolotov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory M. Levi & K. Powell U.S. General Services Administration P. Schwartz Peter Schwartz, & Associates, LLC August 2008 Presented at the 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Pacific Grove, CA, August 17-22, 2008, and published in the Proceedings DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes
Energy and lighting design
A detailed examination of the current energy conservation practices for lighting systems is presented. This first part of a two-part presentation covers the following: energy and lighting design; lighting and energy standards; lighting efficiency factors; light control and photometrics; lighting and the architectural interior; luminaire impact on the environment; basic design techniques; the lighting power budget; and conservation through control.
Helms, R.N.
2011 Quantum Control of Light & Matter Gordon Research Conference (July 31-August 5, 2011, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA)
Quantum control of light and matter is the quest to steer a physical process to a desirable outcome, employing constructive and destructive interference. Three basic questions address feasibility of quantum control: (1) The problem of controllability, does a control field exist for a preset initial and target state; (2) Synthesis, constructively finding the field that leads to the target; and (3) Optimal Control Theory - optimizing the field that carries out this task. These continue to be the fundamental theoretical questions to be addressed in the conference. How to realize control fields in the laboratory is an ongoing challenge. This task is very diverse viewing the emergence of control scenarios ranging from attoseconds to microseconds. How do the experimental observations reflect on the theoretical framework? The typical arena of quantum control is an open environment where much of the control is indirect. How are control scenarios realized in dissipative open systems? Can new control opportunities emerge? Can one null decoherence effects? An ideal setting for control is ultracold matter. The initial and final state can be defined more precisely. Coherent control unifies many fields of physical science. A lesson learned in one field can reflect on another. Currently quantum information processing has emerged as a primary target of control where the key issue is controlling quantum gate operation. Modern nonlinear spectroscopy has emerged as another primary field. The challenge is to unravel the dynamics of molecular systems undergoing strong interactions with the environment. Quantum optics where non-classical fields are to be generated and employed. Finally, coherent control is the basis for quantum engineering. These issues will be under the limelight of the Gordon conference on Quantum Control of Light and Matter.
Thomas Weinacht
Automated shading and daylighting control systems have been commercially available for decades. The new challenge is to provide a fully functional and integrated fagade and lighting system that operates appropriately for all environmental conditions and meets a range of occupant subjective desires and objective performance requirements. These rigorous performance goals must be achieved with solutions that are cost effective and can operate over long periods with minimal maintenance. It will take time and effort to change the marketplace for these technologies and practices, particularly in building a series of documented success stories, and driving costs and risks to much lower levels at which their use becomes the norm. In recent years, the architectural trend toward highly-transparent all-glass buildings presents a unique challenge and opportunity to advance the market for emerging, smart, dynamic window and dimmable daylighting control technologies. We believe it is possible to accelerate product market transformation by developing projects where technical advances and the interests of motivated manufacturers and innovative owners converge. In this paper we present a case study example that explains a building owner's decision-making process to use dynamic window and dimmable daylighting controls. The case study project undertaken by a major building owner in partnership with a buildings R&D group was designed explicitly to use field test data in conjunction with the market influence of a major landmark building project in New York City to stimulate change in manufacturers' product offerings. Preliminary observations on the performance of these systems are made. A cost model that was developed with the building owner is explained.
Developing architectural lighting representations
This paper reports on the development of a visualization system for architectural lighting designers. It starts by motivating the problem as both complex in its physics and social organization. Three iterations of prototypes for displaying time and space ... Keywords: architectural lighting design, energy efficiency, ethnographic fieldwork, information visualization, qualitative analysis
Daniel C. Glaser; Roger Tan; John Canny; Ellen Yi-Luen Do
Performance of electronic ballasts and lighting controllers with 34-W fluorescent lamps: Final report
This study has measured the performance of energy-saving 34-watt F40, T-12, rapid-start, lite white fluorescent lamps being operated by solid-state ballasts and lighting control equipment. The performances of these lamps are compared with those of 40-watt F40, T-12 rapid-start cool white fluorescent lamp systems studied in the prior phase of this project. With the 34-watt F40 lamps and various solid-state ballasts, system efficacy ranged from 67 to 84 lumens per watt and ballast factor from 0.756 to 0.908. Average system efficacy using the 34-watt lamps exceeded that of systems using 40-watt lamps and the same solid-state ballasts by only 1 percent even though the 34-watt lamps is about 6 percent more efficacious than the 40-watt lamp. This apparent discrepancy is due to increased ballast losses when operating the 34-watt lamps. However, the system efficacy of the 34-watt lamps used with a solid-state ballast exceeded that of a 34-watt, two-lamp system using the standard core-coil ballast by as much as 29 percent. A T-8 fluorescent lamp system with a smaller lamp diameter was also included in the study. Operating this lamp with a solid-state ballast produced a high system efficacy of 90 lumens per watt, a 39 percent improvement over the efficacy of a 40-watt F40 system using the standard core-coil ballast. The use of static controllers with 34-watt F40 lamps can result in excessive flickering (46 percent) and the generation of a second harmonic as high as 96 percent of the fundamental frequency. The dynamic controllers, when used to dim the 34-watt lamps generally cannot be dimmed as low as the 40-watt lamp system without flickering. In general, the 34-watt energy-saving lamps are appropriate as a retrofit to reduce illumination levels. However, for new construction, the 40-watt F40 argon filled lamps cost less, perform better, and provide a more reliable system. 5 refs., 27 figs., 9 tabs.
workstation density, timeouts, standby power, and controlthose that achieve very low standby power will have the mostWS lighting. Third, standby power contributes significantly
Desulfurization Effects on a Light-Duty Diesel Vehicle NOx Adsorber Exhaust Emission Control System
Analyzes the effects on gaseous emissions, before and after desulfurization, on a light-duty diesel vehicle with a NOx adsorber catalyst.
Tatur, M.; Tomazic, D.; Tyrer, H.; Thornton, M.; Kubsh, J.
EK101 Engineering Light Smart Lighting
extensively in concert lighting and are finding increased usage in dance lighting because refers to the upstage back curtain (is white or a light color), which can be us for lighting or special Mixer #12;Monitor House speaker Lighting System Control Board: Similar to the sound board, the light
Bifano, Thomas
Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows
Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort Title Lighting energy savings potential of split-pane electrochromic windows controlled for daylighting with visual comfort Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-6152E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Fernandes, Luis L., Eleanor S. Lee, and Gregory J. Ward Journal Energy and Buildings Volume 61 Pagination 8-20 Abstract A simulation study was conducted to evaluate lighting energy savings of split-pane electrochromic (EC) windows controlled to satisfy key visual comfort parameters. Using the Radiance lighting simulation software, interior illuminance and luminance levels were computed for a south-facing private office illuminated by a window split into two independently-controlled EC panes. The transmittance of these was optimized hourly for a workplane illuminance target while meeting visual comfort constraints, using a least-squares algorithm with linear inequality constraints. Blinds were successively deployed until visual comfort criteria were satisfied. The energy performance of electrochromics proved to be highly dependent on how blinds were controlled. With hourly blind position adjustments, electrochromics showed significantly higher (62% and 53%, respectively without and with overhang)lighting energy consumption than clear glass. With a control algorithm designed to better approximate realistic manual control by an occupant, electrochromics achieved significant savings (48% and 37%, respectively without and with overhang). In all cases, energy consumption decreased when the workplace illuminance target was increased. In addition, the fraction of time during which the occupant had an unobstructed view of the outside was significantly greater with electrochromics: 10 months out of the year versus a handful of days for the reference case.
A Touch-Dim Network for the Dimming Control of Lighting System
DALI is a popular interface of lighting network system with an excellent dimming facility, but it is too complicated when it is applied in family house. Touch-Dim installation of DALI ballast is then developed. The installation and operation are much ... Keywords: DALI, lighting, network, Touch-Dim
Jyh-Ching Juang; Hung-Chi Wang; Chun-Lin Lu; Wen-Ming Chen; Ching-Wen Hsu
LIGHTING RESEARCH PROGRAM Project 3.3 Classroom Photocell and Control System
a prototype of an advanced daylighting control system for classrooms. This system integrated dimming control of an advanced daylighting control system for classrooms. This system integrated dimming control with On the concept of an advanced daylighting control system. #12;Deliverable 3.3.15 Final Report TWS
Report from the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Workshop on Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control Systems and Human-System Interface Technologies
The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is a research and development (R&D) program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The program is operated in close collaboration with industry R&D programs to provide the technical foundations for licensing and managing the long-term, safe, and economical operation of Nuclear Power Plants that are currently in operation. The LWRS Program focus is on longer-term and higher-risk/reward research that contributes to the national policy objectives of energy and environmental security. Advanced instruments and control (I&C) technologies are needed to support the safe and reliable production of power from nuclear energy systems during sustained periods of operation up to and beyond their expected licensed lifetime. This requires that new capabilities to achieve process control be developed and eventually implemented in existing nuclear assets. It also requires that approaches be developed and proven to achieve sustainability of I&C systems throughout the period of extended operation. The strategic objective of the LWRS Program Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control Systems Technology R&D pathway is to establish a technical basis for new technologies needed to achieve safety and reliability of operating nuclear assets and to implement new technologies in nuclear energy systems. This will be achieved by carrying out a program of R&D to develop scientific knowledge in the areas of: � Sensors, diagnostics, and prognostics to support characterization and prediction of the effects of aging and degradation phenomena effects on critical systems, structures, and components (SSCs) � Online monitoring of SSCs and active components, generation of information, and methods to analyze and employ online monitoring information � New methods for visualization, integration, and information use to enhance state awareness and leverage expertise to achieve safer, more readily available electricity generation. As an initial step in accomplishing this effort, the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Workshop on Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control Systems and Human-System Interface Technologies was held March 20�21, 2009, in Columbus, Ohio, to enable industry stakeholders and researchers in identification of the nuclear industry�s needs in the areas of future I&C technologies and corresponding technology gaps and research capabilities. Approaches for collaboration to bridge or fill the technology gaps were presented and R&D activities and priorities recommended. This report documents the presentations and discussions of the workshop and is intended to serve as a basis for the plan under development to achieve the goals of the I&C research pathway.
Bruce P. Hallbert; J. J. Persensky; Carol Smidts; Tunc Aldemir; Joseph Naser
Topical viscosity control for light hydrocarbon displacing fluids in petroleum recovery and in fracturing fluids for well stimulation
Solvent-type flooding fluids comprising light hydrocarbons in the range of ethane to hexane (and mixtures thereof) are used to displace crude oil in formations having temperatures of about 20 degrees to about 150 degrees Centigrade and pressures above about 650 psi, the light hydrocarbons having dissolved therein from about 0.05% to about 3% of an organotin compound of the formula R.sub.3 SnF where each R is independently an alkyl, aryl or alkyaryl group from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Under the pressures and temperatures described, the organotin compounds become pentacoordinated and linked through the electronegative bridges, forming polymers within the light hydrocarbon flooding media to render them highly viscous. Under ambient conditions, the viscosity control agents will not readily be produced from the formation with either crude oil or water, since they are insoluble in the former and only sparingly soluble in the latter.
Heller, John P. (Socorro, NM); Dandge, Dileep K. (Socorro, NM)
Lighting Systems
Purple LED lamp Purple LED lamp Lighting Systems Lighting research is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes across the nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research falls into four main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems, Controls and Communications, and Human Factors. Contacts Francis Rubinstein firstname.lastname@example.com (510) 486-4096 Links Lighting Research Group Batteries and Fuel Cells Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs and Heat Islands Demand Response Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends
Performance of MEMS-based visible-light adaptive optics at Lick Observatory: Closed- and open-loop control
At the University of California's Lick Observatory, we have implemented an on-sky testbed for next-generation adaptive optics (AO) technologies. The Visible-Light Laser Guidestar Experiments instrument (ViLLaGEs) includes visible-light AO, a micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) deformable mirror, and open-loop control of said MEMS on the 1-meter Nickel telescope at Mt. Hamilton. In this paper we evaluate the performance of ViLLaGEs in open- and closed-loop control, finding that both control methods give equivalent Strehl ratios of up to ~ 7% in I-band and similar rejection of temporal power. Therefore, we find that open-loop control of MEMS on-sky is as effective as closed-loop control. Furthermore, after operating the system for three years, we find MEMS technology to function well in the observatory environment. We construct an error budget for the system, accounting for 130 nm of wavefront error out of 190 nm error in the science-camera PSFs. We find that the dominant known term is internal static error...
Morzinski, Katie; Gavel, Donald T; Grigsby, Bryant; Dillon, Daren; Reinig, Marc; Macintosh, Bruce A
Model for Staebler-Wronski degradation deduced from long-term, controlled light-soaking experiments
Long-term light-soaking experiments of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules have now established that stabilization of the degradation occurs at levels that depend significantly on the operating conditions, as well as on the operating history of the modules. The authors suggest that stabilization occurs because of the introduction of degradation mechanisms with different time constants and annealing activation energies, depending on the exposure conditions. Stabilization will occur once a sufficient accumulation of different degradation mechanisms occurs. They find that operating module temperature during light-soaking is the most important parameter for determining stabilized performance. Next in importance is the exposure history of the device. The precise value of the light intensity seems least important in determining the stabilized efficiency, as long as its level is a significant fraction of 1-sun.
Von Roedern, B.; del Cueto, J. A.
Light-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Control Cost Estimates Using a Part-Pricing Approach
9. D. Jones, "Development Cost Estimates for Fuel Economy ofExhaust Emission Control Cost Estimates Using a Part-PricingExhaust Emission Control Cost Estimates Using a Part-Pricing
Wang, Quanlu; Kling, Catherine; Sperling, Daniel
Visual Anecdote
The discourse on information visualization often remains limited to the exploratory function � its potential for discovering patterns in the data. However, visual representations also have a rhetorical function: they ...
Offenhuber, Dietmar
Geometry-dependent lighting
Abstract � In this paper we introduce geometrydependent lighting that allows lighting parameters to be defined independently and possibly discrepantly over an object or scene based on the local geometry. We present and discuss Light Collages, a lighting design system with geometry-dependent lights for effective feature-enhanced visualization. Our algorithm segments the objects into local surface patches and places lights that are locally consistent but globally discrepant to enhance the perception of shape. We use spherical harmonics for efficiently storing and computing light placement and assignment. We also outline a method to find the minimal number of light sources sufficient to illuminate an object well with our globally discrepant lighting approach. Index Terms � Lighting design, scientific illustration, discrepant lighting, light placement, silhouette enhancement, proximity shadows, spherical harmonics I.
Chang Ha Lee; Xuejun Hao; Amitabh Varshney
Comparative urban drive cycle simulations of light-duty hybrid vehicles with gasoline or diesel engines and emissions controls
Electric hybridization is a very effective approach for reducing fuel consumption in light-duty vehicles. Lean combustion engines (including diesels) have also been shown to be significantly more fuel efficient than stoichiometric gasoline engines. Ideally, the combination of these two technologies would result in even more fuel efficient vehicles. However, one major barrier to achieving this goal is the implementation of lean-exhaust aftertreatment that can meet increasingly stringent emissions regulations without heavily penalizing fuel efficiency. We summarize results from comparative simulations of hybrid electric vehicles with either stoichiometric gasoline or diesel engines that include state-of-the-art aftertreatment emissions controls for both stoichiometric and lean exhaust. Fuel consumption and emissions for comparable gasoline and diesel light-duty hybrid electric vehicles were compared over a standard urban drive cycle and potential benefits for utilizing diesel hybrids were identified. Technical barriers and opportunities for improving the efficiency of diesel hybrids were identified.
Gao, Zhiming [ORNL; Daw, C Stuart [ORNL; Smith, David E [ORNL
responsive to the real-time price of energy, and provideresponsive to the real-time price of energy [5]. Controls
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Speaker(s): Mehlika Inanici Date: July 7, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Satkartar K. Kinney Virtual Lighting Laboratory is a Radiance-based lighting analysis tool and methodology that proposes transformations in the utilization of computer visualization in lighting analysis and design decision-making. It is a computer environment, where the user has been provided with matrices of illuminance and luminance values extracted from high dynamic range images. The principal idea is to provide the laboratory to the designer and researcher to explore various lighting analysis techniques instead of imposing limited number of predetermined metrics. In addition, it introduces an analysis approach for temporal and spatial lighting
NERSC Visualization
Visualization Visualization Visualization jet-sdavid.jpg Visualization facilitates data exploration. It often supports simulation since it allows inspection of the output varying in time or with changes in parameter values, or for the locations of interesting regions in large data sets. The term visualization often is used to describe the rendering of 3D isosurfaces and volumes, whereas the term graphics usually is applied to plots such as scatter plots and histograms. Our mission is to assist researchers in achieving their scientific goals - solving some of the world's most challenging problems in scientific data understanding - through visualization and analytics while simultaneously advancing the state-of-the-art in visualization through our own research. From the standpoint of a user of NERSC, for example, the
Visual Stimulation and Electroencephalogram under Scotopic Vision
Abstract --We tested the visual sensitivity of 15 healthy subjects under scotopic vision using flickering stimulus on the Liquid crystal display (LCD) with a light-emitting diode (LED) backlight (LED-LCD) panel. This test was made to know; 1) if LED-LCD ... Keywords: Scotopic vision, Light emission display, Visually evoked potential (VEP), Optimization, component, formatting
Wuon-Shik Kim; Hye-Rim Oh; Hyoung-Min Choi; Ji-Soo Hwang; Seong Nam Park; Hyun Kyoon Lim
Functionalized Nanoparticles and Surfaces for Controlled Chemical Catalysis and Effective Light Harvesting
We have prepared a range of such arrays as key components for biotechnology and photonic applications. These involve self-assembled arrays of increasing complexity with three-dimensionally disposed multilayer interactions. These arrays also include dendrimers as the distinguishing structural building blocks. These photoactive integrated systems have a regular, highly-branched, three-dimensional architecture. Structural modifications of these units include variation of the core, bridging layers, and terminal groups. These modifications result in a large array of dendritic molecules with potential applications for light harvesting.
Marye Anne Fox, James K. Whitesell
Measurement and control of exciton spin in organic light emitting devices
Organic semiconductors are a promising new material set for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Their properties can be precisely controlled through chemistry, and they are well-suited for large-area, flexible, and ...
Segal, Michael, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlledfor Daylight and Visual Comfort
A 20-month field study was conducted to measure the energy performance of south-facing large-area tungsten-oxide absorptive electrochromic (EC) windows with a broad switching range in a private office setting. The EC windows were controlled by a variety of means to bring in daylight while minimizing window glare. For some cases, a Venetian blind was coupled with the EC window to block direct sun. Some tests also involved dividing the EC window wall into zones where the upper EC zone was controlled to admit daylight while the lower zone was controlled to prevent glare yet permit view. If visual comfort requirements are addressed by EC control and Venetian blinds, a 2-zone EC window configuration provided average daily lighting energy savings of 10 {+-} 15% compared to the reference case with fully lowered Venetian blinds. Cooling load reductions were 0 {+-} 3%. If the reference case assumes no daylighting controls, lighting energy savings would be 44 {+-} 11%. Peak demand reductions due to window cooling load, given a critical demand-response mode, were 19-26% maximum on clear sunny days. Peak demand reductions in lighting energy use were 0% or 72-100% compared to a reference case with and without daylighting controls, respectively. Lighting energy use was found to be very sensitive to how glare and sun is controlled. Additional research should be conducted to fine-tune EC control for visual comfort based on solar conditions so as to increase lighting energy savings.
Visual Breakout
Visual Breakout of the Cummulative Barrels of Oil Recovered by the Discoverer Enterprise, Q4000 and HP1.�Updated through 12:00 AM on July 16, 2010.
CEL-1 lighting computer program - programmer's guide. Final report Jan 80-Sep 82
The basic algorithms and program file structure of the CEL-1 (Conversion of Electric Lighting, Version 1.0) lighting computer program are documented. The CEL-1 computer program aids the illumination in designing energy efficient interior lighting systems. Lighting metrics which may be calculated include illuminance, equivalent sphere illumination, and visual comfort probability. Energy profiles resulting from lighting controls which respond to daylight can be evaluated using CEL-1. This programmer's guide is divided into seven sections: (1) Programs Structures; (2) Basic Techniques; (3) Main Program Descriptions; (4) Subprogram Descriptions; (5) Logical Unit Assignments; (6) Compiling the Programs; and (7) Source and Auxiliary Files.
Brackett, W.E.
Electrochromic-photovoltaic film for light-sensitive control of optical transmittance
A variable transmittance optical component includes an electrochromic material and a photovoltaic device-type thin film solar cell deposited in a tandem type, monolithic single coating over the component. A bleed resistor of a predetermined value is connected in series across the electrochromic material and photovoltaic device controlling the activation and deactivation of the electrochromic material. The electrical conductivity between the electrochromic material and the photovoltaic device is enhanced by interposing a transparent electrically conductive layer. 5 figures.
Branz, H.M.; Crandall, R.S.; Tracy, C.E.
A variable transmittance optical component includes an electrochromic material and a photovoltaic device-type thin film solar cell deposited in a tandem type, monolithic single coating over the component. A bleed resistor of a predetermined value is connected in series across the electrochromic material and photovoltaic device controlling the activation and deactivation of the electrochromic material. The electrical conductivity between the electrochromic material and the photovoltaic device is enhanced by interposing a transparent electrically conductive layer.
Branz, Howard M. (Boulder, CO); Crandall, Richard S. (Golden, CO); Tracy, C. Edwin (Golden, CO)
Building Data Visualization
1 1 Building Data Visualization contour plot Figure 1: Contour plot showing the various operating stages of occupancy sensors described in the case study. Data visualization for buildings is the display of a rich set of variables and parameters that managers can use to verify the energy savings of energy- efficient technology and identify malfunctions in building equipment or problems with operating strategies. Effective data visualization depends on having graphic presentation formats that reveal the phenomena relevant to the building's performance. A research project at the Center for Building Science is aimed at developing data visualization techniques for improved building management. Buildings with energy management control systems as well as dedicated monitoring equipment in the
New and Underutilized Technology: Low Ambient/Task Lighting | Department of
Low Ambient/Task Lighting Low Ambient/Task Lighting New and Underutilized Technology: Low Ambient/Task Lighting October 4, 2013 - 4:51pm Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for low ambient/task lighting within the Federal sector. Benefits The low ambient/task lighting strategy improves the visual environment by adding controllable task fixtures that provide light directly where needed for a given task, while reducing the overhead (ambient) light level. Occupancy sensors can also be incorporated into the system. Application Low ambient/task lighting is applicable in most building categories. Key Factors for Deployment Low ambient/task lighting is suitable for most office spaces, including both cubicle and private office space environments, and should be
Lighting Group: Software
Software Software Lighting Software The Lighting Group has developed several computer programs in the course of conducting research on energy efficient lighting. Several of these programs have proven useful outside the research environment. One of the most popular programs for advanced lighting applications is Radiance. For more information on this program and its availability, click on the link below. RADIANCE Radiance is a suite of programs for the analysis and visualization of lighting in design. The primary advantage of Radiance over simpler lighting calculation and rendering tools is that there are no limitations on the geometry or the materials that may be simulated. Radiance is used by architects and engineers to predict illumination, visual quality and appearance of innovative design spaces, and by researchers to evaluate new
Membrane-Based Air Composition Control for Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles: A Benefit and Cost Assessment
This report presents the methodologies and results of a study conducted by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) to assess the benefits and costs of several membrane-based technologies. The technologies evaluated will be used in automotive emissions-control and performance-enhancement systems incorporated into light-duty diesel vehicle engines. Such engines are among the technologies that are being considered to power vehicles developed under the government-industry Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) from diesel engines have long been considered a barrier to use of diesels in urban areas. Recently, particulate matter (PM) emissions have also become an area of increased concern because of new regulations regarding emissions of particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers or less (PM{sub 2.5}). Particulates are of special concern for diesel engines in the PNGV program; the program has a research goal of 0.01 gram per mile (g/mi) of particulate matter emissions under the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) cycle. This extremely low level (one-fourth the level of the Tier II standard) could threaten the viability of using diesel engines as stand-alone powerplants or in hybrid-electric vehicles. The techniques analyzed in this study can reduce NO{sub x} and particulate emissions and even increase the power density of the diesel engines used in light-duty diesel vehicles.
K. Stork; R. Poola
Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting
Demand Demand Responsive Lighting Host: Francis Rubinstein Demand Response Research Center Technical Advisory Group Meeting August 31, 2007 10:30 AM - Noon Meeting Agenda * Introductions (10 minutes) * Main Presentation (~ 1 hour) * Questions, comments from panel (15 minutes) Project History * Lighting Scoping Study (completed January 2007) - Identified potential for energy and demand savings using demand responsive lighting systems - Importance of dimming - New wireless controls technologies * Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting (commenced March 2007) Objectives * Provide up-to-date information on the reliability, predictability of dimmable lighting as a demand resource under realistic operating load conditions * Identify potential negative impacts of DR lighting on lighting quality Potential of Demand Responsive Lighting Control
Advanced Light Sources
In the generation of artificial light using electric lamps, photometric and color performance have been paramount in lamp design, manufacturing, measurement, lighting design, and visual perception. Many designers and researchers have strived to understand how light and color are generated, related, and to improve them. This has stemmed from the development of incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, linear fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) among other...
Connecticut Light & Power - Commercial Energy Efficiency Rebates...
Technologies Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors, Heat pumps, Central Air conditioners, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Motors, HVAC Controls Active Incentive No...
An adaptive color marker for Spatial Augmented Reality environments and visual feedback
This demonstration presents an adaptive visual marker optimised to improve tracking performance in Spatial Augmented Reality environments. The adaptive marker uses a color light sensor to capture the projected light color from a SAR system. The color ... Keywords: fixed color passive marker, spatial augmented reality, visual feedback, adaptive visual marker, color light sensor, projected light color, optimal tracking, light emitting diode, visible light spectrum, user interface
R T. Smith; M R. Marner; B H. Thomas
Simulating Study of Premixed Charge Compression Ignition on Light-Duty Diesel Fuel Economy and Emissions Control
We utilize the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) combined with transient engine and aftertreatment component models to simulate the impact of premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) on the fuel economy and emissions of light-duty (LD) diesel-powered conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Our simulated aftertreatment train consists of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), lean NOx trap (LNT), and catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF). The results indicate that utilizing PCCI combustion significantly reduces fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions for the conventional diesel-powered vehicle with NOx and particulate emissions controls. These benefits result from a favorable engine speed-load distribution over the cycle combined with a corresponding reduction in the need to regenerate the LNT and DPF. However, the current PCCI technology appears to offer less potential benefit for diesel HEVs equipped with similar emissions controls. This is because PCCI can only be activated over a relatively small part of the drive cycle. Thus we conclude that future utilization of PCCI in diesel HEVs will require significant extension of the available speed-load range for PCCI and revision of current HEV engine management strategies before significant benefits can be realized.
Gao, Zhiming [ORNL; Daw, C Stuart [ORNL; Wagner, Robert M [ORNL
Visually Accurate Multi-Field Weather Visualization
Weather visualization is a difficult problem because it comprises volumetric multi-field data and traditional surface-based approaches obscure details of the complex three-dimensional structure of cloud dynamics. Therefore, visually accurate volumetric ... Keywords: Multi-Field Visualization, Visually Accurate Visualization, Weather Visualization
Kirk Riley; David Ebert; Charles Hansen; Jason Levit
Evaluating office lighting environments: Second-level analysis
Data from a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of 912 work stations with lighting power density (LPD), photometric, and occupant-response measures were examined in a detailed, second-level analysis. Seven types of lighting systems were identified with different combinations of direct and indirect ambient lighting, and task lighting and daylight. The mean illuminances at the primary task location were within the IES target values for office task with a range of mean illuminances from 32 to 75 fc, depending on the lighting system. The median LPD was about 2.36 watts/sq ft, with about one-third the work stations having LPD's at or below 2.0 watts/sq ft. Although a majority of the occupants (69%) were satisfied about their lighting, the highest percentage of those expressing dissatisfaction (37%) with lighting had an indirect fluorescent furniture-mounted (IFFM) system. The negative reaction of so many people to the IFFM system suggests that the combination of task lighting with an indirect ambient system had an important influence on lighting satisfaction, even though task illuminances tended to be higher with the IFFM system. Concepts of lighting quality, visual health, and control were explored, as well as average luminance to explain the negative reactions to the combination of indirect lighting with furniture-mounted lighting.
Collins, B.L.; Fisher, W.S.; Gillette, G.L.; Marans, R.W.
Vibration control of a flexible arm for the ITER maintenance using unknown visual features from inside the vessel
In this paper we present a vibration control scheme for a long-reach inspection arm in an environment as constrained as a fusion reactor. The ultra-high vacuum, the high operating temperature, the significant residual magnetic field and the nuclear activation ...
Gregory Dubus; Olivier David; Yvan Measson
Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Visual Baits for Controlling the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes
Tsetse flies, which transmit sleeping sickness to humans and nagana to cattle, are commonly controlled by stationary artificial baits consisting of traps or insecticide-treated screens known as targets. In Kenya the use of electrocuting sampling devices showed that the numbers of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) visiting a biconical trap were nearly double those visiting a black target of 100 cm6100 cm. However, only 40 % of the males and 21 % of the females entered the trap, whereas 71 % and 34%, respectively, alighted on the target. The greater number visiting the trap appeared to be due to its being largely blue, rather than being three-dimensional or raised above the ground. Through a series of variations of target design we show that a blue-and-black panel of cloth (0.06 m 2) flanked by a panel (0.06 m 2) of fine black netting, placed at ground level, would be about ten times more cost-effective than traps or large targets in control campaigns. This finding has important implications for controlling all subspecies of G. fuscipes, which are currently responsible for more than 90 % of sleeping sickness cases.
Jenny M. Lindh; Steve J. Torr; Glyn A. Vale; Mike J. Lehane
Duquesne Light Company - Residential Energy Efficiency Program...
Central Air conditioners, Clothes Washers, Dehumidifiers, Dishwasher, Furnaces, Heat pumps, Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors, Pool Pumps, Programmable Thermostats,...
Developing integrated envelop and lighting systems for commercial buildings
Integrated envelope and lighting systems achieve significant energy, peak demand, and cost savings over typical component-by-component design practice by leveraging the interactive energy balance between electric lighting energy use and cooling due to lighting and solar radiation. We discuss how these savings can be achieved using conventional glazing and lighting components by taking an integrated systems design approach. We describe integrated dynamic envelope and lighting systems, currently under development, that actively achieve this energy balance through the use of intelligent control systems. We show how prototypical daylighting systems can be used to increase the efficacy and distribution of daylight throughout the space for the same or less glazing area as a typical window, while achieving greater energy savings with increased visual comfort. Energy performance simulations and field tests conducted to date illustrate significant energy savings, peak demand reductions, and potential practical implementation of these proposed systems.
Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.E.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Klems, J.H.; Beltran, L.O.; DiBartolomeo, D.L.; Sullivan, R.
Flash Lighting with Fluorescent Lamp.
??A flash lighting circuit with the fluorescent lamp is designed to produce lighting flicker by means of controlling the operating frequency and the duty-ratio of� (more)
Hsieh, Horng
Avista Utilities (Electric) - Commercial Lighting Energy Efficiency...
Applicable Sector Commercial Eligible Technologies Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors, LED Lighting Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy...
Ameren Illinois - Lighting Rebates for Businesses (Illinois)...
Technologies CustomOthers pending approval, Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors, LED Exit Signs, LED Lighting Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy...
Progress of Visualization: Review
Visualization is an interdisciplinary imaging technique devoted to make the invisible visible by the techniques of experimental and computer-aided visualizations. It is applicable to various phenomena such as flow, heat, sound, electromagnetism, chemical ... Keywords: future of visualization, utilization of visualization, visualization, visualization history, visualization technique
Y. Nakayama; K. Aoki
Hybrid lighting: Illuminating our future
Hybrid lighting is a combination of natural and artificial illumination to be used indoors for all lighting needs. Ideally, hybrid lighting is effectively indistinguishable from standard artificial lighting except in quality and cost, where it will likely be an improvement. Hybrid lighting systems are produced by a combination of four technologies: collecting natural light, generating artificial light, transporting and distributing light to where it is needed, and controlling the amounts of both natural and artificial light continuously during usage. Lighting demands a large fraction of our energy needs. If we can control or decrease this demand, we are able to accommodate societal growth without energy demand growth.
Cates, M.R.
The neurological basis of visual neglect A. David Milnera
:000000 Abbreviations LED light emitting diode PPC posterior parietal cortex STG superior temporal gyrus SWM spatial online using visual feedback from a light emitting diode (LED) on his left hand, just as well whether
Pousset, Obein, Razet, LED lighting quality with CQS samples CIE 2010 : Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency, 14-17 March 2010, Vienna, Austria 1
A psychophysical experiment developed to evaluate light quality of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is described. Keywords: Light Emitting Diode, quality of light, Color Rendering Index, Color Quality Scale, visual
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Shades and Shade Controls : Daylighting The New York Times Building
Shades and Shade Controls Shades and Shade Controls Overview The architectural approach The owner's approach Daylighting field study Daylighting control systems Automated roller shades Procurement specifications Shades and Shade Controls Lighting Controls Visualizing daylight Commissioning/ verification Demand response Mainstream solutions Post-occupancy evaluation Publications Sponsors Project team Shades and Shade Controls The shades and shade controls scope of work is based upon the philosophy that occupants of commercial office buildings prefer natural light to electric light. The shade system goals for The New York Times Building are: Maximize natural light Maximize occupant connectivity with the outdoors, i.e. external views Intercept sunlight penetration so as to avoid direct solar radiation on the occupants
New Light Sources for Tomorrow's Lighting Designs
The lighting industry is driven to provide light sources and lighting systems that, when properly applied, will produce a suitable luminous environment in which to perform a specified task. Tasks may include everything from office work, manufacturing and inspection to viewing priceless art objects, selecting the right chair for your living room, and deciding which produce item to select for tonight's dinner. While energy efficiency is a major consideration in any new lighting system design, the sacrifice of lighting quality may cost more in terms of lost productivity and user dissatisfaction than can ever be saved on that monthly energy bill. During the past several years, many new light sources have been developed and introduced. These product introductions have not been limited to anyone lamp type, but instead may be found in filament, fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamp families. Manufacturers of light sources have two basic goals for new product development. These goals are high efficiency lighting and improved color rendering properties. High efficiency lighting may take the form of either increasing lamp efficiency (lumens of light delivered per watt of power consumed) or decreasing lamp size, thus making a more easily controlled light source that places light where it is needed. The manufacturer's second goal is to produce lamps that render colors accurately while maintaining high efficiency. This paper will discuss new introductions in light sources and lighting systems and how they may impact the design of luminous environments of the future.
Krailo, D. A.
A CAD model based tracking system for visually guided microassembly
We present a visual feedback method for closed loop control of automated microassembly. A CAD model based multi-camera visual tracking system that is well suited for flexible automation and assembly of complex 3D geometries was developed. The system ... Keywords: CAD, Microassembly, Micromanipulation, Visual servoing, Visual tracking
Kemal Berk Yesin; Bradley J. Nelson
Toward Control of Matter: Basic Energy Science Needs for a New Class of X-Ray Light Sources
century, light-source user facilities have transformedagreement that a new user facility that provides an array ofon which large-scale user facilities in this domain might be
Arenholz, Elke
Chapter 3, Commercial and Industrial Lighting Controls Evaluation Protocol: The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures
3: Commercial and 3: Commercial and Industrial Lighting Controls Evaluation Protocol Stephen Carlson, DNV KEMA Subcontract Report NREL/SR-7A30-53827 April 2013 The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures 3 - 1 Chapter 3 - Table of Contents 1 Measure Description .............................................................................................................. 2 2 Application Conditions of Protocol ....................................................................................... 3 3 Savings Calculations .............................................................................................................. 5 3.1 Algorithms ....................................................................................................................... 5
Light-Light Scattering
For a long time, it is believed that the light by light scattering is described properly by the Lagrangian density obtained by Heisenberg and Euler. Here, we present a new calculation which is based on the modern field theory technique. It is found that the light-light scattering is completely different from the old expression. The reason is basically due to the unphysical condition (gauge condition) which was employed by the QED calcualtion of Karplus and Neumann. The correct cross section of light-light scattering at low energy of $(\\frac{\\omega}{m} \\ll 1)$ can be written as $ \\displaystyle{\\frac{d\\sigma}{d\\Omega}=\\frac{1}{(6\\pi)^2}\\frac{\\alpha^4} {(2\\omega)^2}(3+2\\cos^2\\theta +\\cos^4\\theta)}$.
Kanda, Naohiro
Naohiro Kanda
A Four Channel 250 MHz Visual Counter
A visual counter rated at 250 mhz. with a pulse-pair resolution of 2.6 nanoseconds for nuclear instrument module (NIM) signals has been designed. Pulse widths for NIM signals must be equal to or greater than 2 ns. The counter has a separate input for transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signals and for this logic level it operates at rates equal to or less than 190 mhz. TTL pulses must be greater than 4 ns. The design was implemented on a printed circuit card. Four of these cards were packaged into a single unit resulting in a four channel device that can be mounted into a 19 inch rack. Seven units were built; they are presently used in the experimental area and in the Main Control Room of the Bevalac. The counter accepts well defined NIM or TTL signals internally terminated with 50 ohms. All the controls and the signal input connectors are located on the front panel. An Overflow output, Gate, and Reset inputs are located on the back panel. The counters have 8 Light Emitting Diode digit displays which are 20.3 mm high with a viewing distance rating of 10 meters. Light filters are used for the LED displays greatly enhancing their visibility.
Flores, I.; Blando, P.; Crawford, H.; Engelage, J.; Greiner, L.; Ko, S.; Krebs, G.; Visser, G.
Lighting Group: Overview
Overview Overview Overview of the Lighting Research Group The Lighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory performs research aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes, throughout the State of California and across the Nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research in the Lighting Group falls into three main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems and Controls and Communications. Click on a link below for more information about each of these research areas. Sources and Ballasts investigates next generation light sources, such as
Ray tracing visualization toolkit
The Ray Tracing Visualization Toolkit (rtVTK) is a collection of programming and visualization tools supporting visual analysis of ray-based rendering algorithms. rtVTK leverages layered visualization within the spatial domain of computation, enabling ... Keywords: ray tracing, ray-based rendering, visualization
Christiaan Gribble; Jeremy Fisher; Daniel Eby; Ed Quigley; Gideon Ludwig
Lighting Renovations | Department of Energy
Lighting Renovations Lighting Renovations Lighting Renovations October 16, 2013 - 4:54pm Addthis When undertaking a lighting renovation in a Federal building, daylighting is the primary renewable energy opportunity. Photovoltaics (PV) also present an excellent opportunity. While this guide focuses on the renewable energy opportunities, energy efficiency may also present amble opportunity for energy and cost savings. Renewable Energy Options for Lighting Renovations Daylighting Photovoltaics Daylighting Daylighting maximizes the use of natural light in a space to reduce the need for artificial lighting. Incorporating daylighting into a lighting strategy should occur during the planning stage of design since it affects all aspects. Ambient light dimming controls are critical in daylighting, since the
LED Lighting
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are semiconductor devices that produce light when an electrical current is applied....
Visualization of manhole and precursor-type events for the Manhattan electrical distribution system
We present a visualization framework for analyzing the Consolidated Edison Company of New York (Con Edison) trouble tickets for the Manhattan electrical distribution system. The Con Edison Emergency Control System (ECS) is a work management tool that documents all events that occur in the electrical distribution system. The trouble ticket generated from ECS is a record of an event affecting the secondary (low-voltage) electrical distribution system, such as a manhole fire, manhole explosion, smoking manhole, no-light event, flickering light event, side-off partial outage, or burnout. The visualization tool outlined here is used alongside our preliminary statistical and machine learning work for predicting future manhole events. ECS tickets stored in our PostgreSQL database are displayed using Google Earth�s satellite images of Manhattan as a backdrop. The ability of this tool to display events relative to the surrounding buildings has already yielded some highly promising directions for our ongoing analysis.
Haimonti Dutta; Cynthia Rudin; Becky Passonneau; Fred Seibel; Axinia Radeva; Zhi An Liu; Steve Ierome; Delfina Isaac
Considerations of Lighting Influencing Design: A Community Center For Fremont.
??In order to conceptualize an architectural design, one must consider lighting and perception. Humans are visual creatures; the main perception of an architectural space is� (more)
Cheney, Kathleen C.
Large-scale controllable synthesis of dumbbell-like BiVO{sub 4} photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
The controllable synthesis of novel dumbbell-like BiVO{sub 4} hierarchical nanostructures has been successfully obtained via a simple hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized products were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the nucleation and growth of the nanodumbbells were governed by an oriented aggregation growth mechanism. It is noteworthy that the concentration of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and the volume ratio of H{sub 2}O to CH{sub 3}COOH were crucial to the growth of the final nanoarchitectures. Control experiments were also carried out to investigate the factors which impact on the morphology of the products. Furthermore, the as-prepared BiVO{sub 4} hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated the superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency, which is helpful for the separation and recycle considering their promising applications in harmful pollutants disposal. - Graphical Abstract: The controllable synthesis of novel dumbbell-like BiVO{sub 4} hierarchical nanostructures has been successfully obtained via a simple hydrothermal route; the as-prepared BiVO{sub 4} hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated the superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Dumbbell-like BiVO{sub 4} structures were synthesized and characterized for the first time. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The volume ratios of H{sub 2}O to CH{sub 3}COOH were crucial to the final morphologies. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Their photocatalytic activity was up to 90% under visible-light irradiation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Dumbbell-like BiVO{sub 4} structures may utilize the pollutant disposal.
Lu Yang [Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000 (China); Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Luo Yongsong, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000 (China); Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Kong Dezhi; Zhang Deyang; Jia Yonglei; Zhang Xinwei [Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000 (China)
Robust audio-visual person verification using Web-camera video
This thesis examines the challenge of robust audio-visual person verification using data recorded in multiple environments with various lighting conditions, irregular visual backgrounds, and diverse background noise. ...
Schultz, Daniel (Daniel T.)
Web application for thermal comfort visualization and calculation according to ASHRAE Standard 55
item/4db4q37h Web app. for thermal comfort visualization andWeb application for thermal comfort visualization andenvironment including thermal, indoor air quality, light and
Schiavon, Stefano; Hoyt, Tyler; Piccioli, Alberto
Assessment of Electrical, Efficiency, and Photometric Performance of Advanced Lighting Sources: Dimmable Advanced Lighting Technolog ies -- Electronic Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Fixtures, Lamps, and Drivers
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the dimming performance of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of basic lighting control, the importance of considering power quality in lighting control, lighting control methods and parameters, and the advantages and future of lighting control. Chapter 2 addresses in more depth the dimming methods used in advanced lighting sources and controls for incandescent, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge (HID) and LED sources. Chapter 3 ad...
Technologies and policies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from the U. S. automobile and light truck fleet.
The message conveyed by the above discussion is that there are no shortages of technologies available to improve the fuel efficiency of the U.S. fleet of autos and light trucks. It clearly is technically feasible to improve greatly the fuel economy of the average new light-duty vehicle. Many of these technologies require tradeoffs, however, that manufacturers are unwilling or (as yet) unable to make in today's market and regulatory environment. These tradeoffs involve higher costs (that might be reduced substantially over time with learning and economies of scale), technical risk and added complexity, emissions concerns (especially for direct injection engines, and especially with respect to diesel engine technology), and customer acceptance issues. Even with current low U.S. oil prices, however, many of these technologies may find their way into the U.S. market, or increase their market share, as a consequence of their penetration of European and Japanese markets with their high gasoline prices. Automotive technology is ''fungible'' that is, it can be easily transported from one market to another. Nevertheless, it probably is unrealistic to expect substantial increases in the average fuel economy of the U.S. light-duty fleet without significant changes in the market. Without such changes, the technologies that do penetrate the U.S. market are more likely to be used to increase acceleration performance or vehicle structures or enable four wheel drive to be included in vehicles without a net mpg penalty. In other words, technology by itself is not likely to be enough to raise fleet fuel economy levels - this was the conclusion of the 1995 Ailomar Conference on Energy and Sustainable Transportation, organized by the Transportation Research Board's Committees on Energy and Alternative Fuels, and it is one I share.
Plotkin, S.
This paper reports on the development of a visualization system for architectural lighting designers. It starts by motivating the problem as both complex in its physics and social organization. Three iterations of prototypes for displaying time and space varying phenomena are discussed. Fieldwork is presented to identify where in practice they will be most effective. A set of user studies, one of which is analyzed in fine-grained detail, show how building designers incorporate visualization on hypothetical design problems. This has positive implications for both energy efficiency and lighting quality in buildings. CR Categories: H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems�Human factors; D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design
Daniel C. Glaser; Roger Tan
Control of light saturated photosynthesis: Concentration and activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Final report, September 1, 1993--February 28, 1997
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is one of the most abundant enzymes on the planet and is responsible for catalysing the net fixation of CO{sub 2} into organic matter. It is central, therefore, to primary productivity in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Rubisco is a large enzyme with low substrate affinity and low catalytic efficiency and is considered to limit the rate of light-saturated photosynthesis. This report summarizes research into the molecular basis of the regulation of phytoplankton photosynthesis. It describes experimental and theoretical studies of the role of Rubisco in regulating the photosynthetic rate of phytoplankton. It also describes the integration of a mechanistically based phytoplankton growth model into a description of primary productivity in the sea. This work was conducted as part of the Ocean Margins Program.
Geider, R.J. [Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth (United Kingdom)]|[Univ. of Delaware, Lewes, DE (United States). College of Marine Studies
Lighting and thermal operations. Conservation paper number 18. Energy conservation principles applied to office lighting
Research was conducted by reviewing literature and examining past lighting design practices in order to make the design, installation, and operation of future office building lighting systems more responsive to the needs of energy conservation. Information is included on lighting energy use in offices in the recent past, human performance as affected by illumination, visual system design for offices, and guidelines for lighting energy management including potential energy savings in office lighting. (LCL)
Central Electric Cooperative - Non-Residential Lighting Rebate...
Government, Tribal Government Eligible Technologies Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors, LED Lighting Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy...
Lighting Design | Department of Energy
Design Design Lighting Design July 29, 2012 - 6:28pm Addthis Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/chandlerphoto. Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/chandlerphoto. How does it work? Buy ENERGY STAR-rated lighting for the highest quality, energy-efficient lighting. Use timers and other controls to turn lights on and off. Use outdoor solar lighting. Energy-efficient indoor and outdoor lighting design focuses on ways to improve both the quality and efficiency of lighting. If you're constructing a new house, consider lighting as part of your whole-house design -- an
Transmission and Distribution Benefits of Direct Load Control: Seattle City Light and Snohomish Public Utility District Pilot Project Evaluations
Two residential direct load control programs in the Puget Sound region have reduced peak loads at both the system as well as the local transmission and distribution levels. This report presents program load impact results estimated using metered and disaggregated end-use load data. Included is a detailed description of participants' attitudes toward the programs and their experiences with program implementation.
Baseline vs. Replacement High Bay Lighting Evaluation
Energy efficient lighting has been a means to significant energy savings for many facilities around the world. New developments in fluorescent, induction, LED (light-emitting diode), and plasma lighting technologies have spurred various building managers to replace or retrofit existing lighting fixtures. These advances in lighting sources often allow conservation of electricity, better quality of light, and more flexibility in the control of light. However, these new lighting sources still have ...
Lighting Techniques
...Lighting is very critical in photography. The specimen should be placed on a background which will not detract from the resolution of the fracture surface. For basic lighting, one spotlight is suggested. The light is then raised or lowered, and
0500 1-5 KEY VISUAL CUES: laptop, young man, swivel chair ...
... light, gold ring 0512 QUERY: Find a video by Stone Farm showing a ... 0514 1-5 KEY VISUAL CUES: sailboat anchored in the wind and waves, water ...
Evolution in lighting
Lights consume 20-25% of the nation's electricity, establishing strong incentives to develop more efficient lighting strategies. Attention is turning to where, when, and how we light our environment, and the potential savings add up to half the lighting load nationwide. Some types of lamp are more efficient than others, but characteristics other than energy consumption may dictate where they can be used. Current lighting strategies consider task requirements, light quality, and the potential for daylighting. Energy management systems that control the timing and intensity of light and new types of energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures are increasingly attractive to consumers. The effort will require continued research and the awareness of decision makers. 4 references, 8 figures.
Lihach, N.; Pertusiello, S.
Slow-light solitons
A new type of soliton with controllable speed is constructed generalizing the theory of slow-light propagation to an integrable regime of nonlinear dynamics. The scheme would allow the quantum-information transfer between optical solitons and atomic media.
Ulf Leonhardt
Structural Monitoring System (SMS) and Visual System (VS)
Axis Communications, Inc. has developed network ready, environmentally tolerant, low-light level camera-visual systems (VS) with built-in pan and tilt mechanisms that permit remote monitoring of...
Windows and lighting program
More than 30% of all energy use in buildings is attributable to two sources: windows and lighting. Together they account for annual consumer energy expenditures of more than $50 billion. Each affects not only energy use by other major building systems, but also comfort and productivity -- factors that influence building economics far more than does direct energy consumption alone. Windows play a unique role in the building envelope, physically separating the conditioned space from the world outside without sacrificing vital visual contact. Throughout the indoor environment, lighting systems facilitate a variety of tasks associated with a wide range of visual requirements while defining the luminous qualities of the indoor environment. Windows and lighting are thus essential components of any comprehensive building science program. Despite important achievements in reducing building energy consumption over the past decade, significant additional savings are still possible. These will come from two complementary strategies: (1) improve building designs so that they effectively apply existing technologies and extend the market penetration of these technologies; and (2) develop advanced technologies that increase the savings potential of each application. Both the Windows and Daylighting Group and the Lighting System Research Group have made substantial contributions in each of these areas, and continue to do so through the ongoing research summarized here. 23 refs., 16 figs.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Ultrascale Visualization
This special issue highlights five articles covering several topics in ultrascale data visualization, including extreme-scale production software, ghost-data generation, biomedical-image segmentation and remote viewing, in situ visualization, and display-rich ... Keywords: computer graphics, graphics and multimedia, ultrascale visualization, visualization, data-parallel visualization, in situ visualization, collaborative visualization
James Ahrens; Han-Wei Shen
Energy-efficient lighting system for television
A light control system for a television camera comprises an artificial light control system which is cooperative with an iris control system. This artificial light control system adjusts the power to lamps illuminating the camera viewing area to provide only sufficient artificial illumination necessary to provide a sufficient video signal when the camera iris is substantially open.
Cawthorne, Duane C. (Amarillo, TX)
Lighting Group: Light Distribution Systems
Retrofit Alternatives to Incandescent Downlights Hotel and Institutional Bathroom Lighting Portable Office Lighting Systems Low Glare Outdoor Retrofit Luminaire LED Luminaires...
Lighting Research Center Lighting Products
... 12) Solid State Lighting Luminaires - Color Characteristic Measurements. [22/S04] IES LM-16:1993 Practical Guide to Colorimetry of Light Sources. ...
Dayton Power and Light - Business and Government Energy Efficiency...
conditioners, Chillers, Clothes Washers, Compressed air, CustomOthers pending approval, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Lighting ControlsSensors,...
Cape Light Compact - Commercial, Industrial and Municipal Buildings...
Central Air conditioners, Chillers, Compressed air, CustomOthers pending approval, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Furnaces, Heat pumps, Lighting, Lighting Controls...
Outlaw lighting
Demand-side management programs by utilities and the federal government`s Green Lights program have made significant inroads in promoting energy-efficient lighting. But the Energy Policy Act now prohibits certain types of lighting. This article provides analysis to help architects determine new lamp performance compared with older lighting products.
Bryan, H.
Photovoltaic lighting system performance
The performance of 21 PV-powered low pressure sodium lighting systems on a multi-use has been documented in this paper. Specific areas for evaluation include the vandal resistant PV modules, constant voltage and on/off PV charge controllers, flooded deep-cycle lead-antimony and valve regulated lead-acid (VLRA) gel batteries, and low pressure sodium ballasts and lights. The PV lighting system maintenance intervals and lessons learned have been documented over the past 2.5 years. The above performance data has shown that with careful hardware selection, installation, and maintenance intervals the PV lighting systems will operate reliably.
Harrington, S.R.; Hund, T.D.
Light and Bread Mold
Light and Bread Mold Light and Bread Mold Name: CHASE Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: HOW CAN I EFICTIVELY TEST THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON BREAD MOLD? Replies: Hello Chase, In order to test the effects of light on bread mould you need to set up an experiment. There are two things you need to have in your experiment to make it a good experiment: 1. A 'control'. 2. Replicates 1. The 'control' Obviously in order to test the effects of light on bread mold you will need to actually shine some light on some bread mold and see what happens. This is your 'treatment'. However, it is vitally important that you know what would have happened without the treatment (in this case added light). Let's pretend that you do a test a you find that the bread mold under the light actually dies. How do you know if your bread mold died because light was added or because at that time of year all bread mold would die naturally or because by adding light you caused the temperature to rise and that killed the bread mold? The answer is that you do not know unless you have taken the trouble to find out with anouther test called the 'control'. The 'control' is a piece of bread mold, identical to the 'treatment' bread mold, which is placed in identical conditions to the 'treatment' piece of bread mold except that light is removed. Your 'control' piece of bread mold will need to be (to the best of your abillity) at the same temperature, in the same area, at similar humidity, etc. Part of the skill of designing a scientific experiment is being able think of all the possible things which might be affecting the bread mold and keeping them the same in both the 'treatment' and the 'control' (except, of course, for the presence of light) so that when you find a difference between the 'treatment' and the 'control' you are sure that it is the result of the light rather than something else.
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts: HID Lighting Systems
Ballasts and Controls for HID Lighting Ballasts and Controls for HID Lighting Systems Evaluation of Electronic Ballasts and Related Controls for HID Lighting Systems Objective HID ballast The goal of this project is to evaluate the potential of electronic ballasts and related controls for HID lighting systems to improve the efficiency of current technology. The specific objectives of this project are to: Test, analyze and determine the potential of electronic ballasts for HID lighting systems in cooperation with manufacturers as an emerging energy efficient technology to reduce lighting loads in commercial, industrial and municipal applications. Identify control strategies to further improve the energy efficiency of these systems with a municipal partner. Provide appropriate recommendations for incorporating these technologies into current state codes and regulations.
Visualizing geospatial data
This course reviews concepts and highlights new directions in GeoVisualization. We review four levels of integrating geospatial data and geographic information systems (GIS) with scientific and information visualization (VIS) methods. These include:� ...
Theresa Marie Rhyne; Alan MacEachren; Theresa-Marie Rhyne
Publications on Information Visualization
... Cugini, Laskowski, Piatko, "Document Clustering in Concept Space: The NIST Information Retrieval Visualization Engine (NIRVE)", CODATA Euro ...
Visualization of Network Dynamics
... DiVisa Multi-Dimensional Information Visualization Software. Staff: Cedric Houard; John Hagedorn; Kevin Mills; Judith Terrill, Group Leader.
Control of degradation of spent LWR (light-water reactor) fuel during dry storage in an inert atmosphere
Dry storage of Zircaloy-clad spent fuel in inert gas (referred to as inerted dry storage or IDS) is being developed as an alternative to water pool storage of spent fuel. The objectives of the activities described in this report are to identify potential Zircaloy degradation mechanisms and evaluate their applicability to cladding breach during IDS, develop models of the dominant Zircaloy degradation mechanisms, and recommend cladding temperature limits during IDS to control Zircaloy degradation. The principal potential Zircaloy cladding breach mechanisms during IDS have been identified as creep rupture, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and delayed hydride cracking (DHC). Creep rupture is concluded to be the primary cladding breach mechanism during IDS. Deformation and fracture maps based on creep rupture were developed for Zircaloy. These maps were then used as the basis for developing spent fuel cladding temperature limits that would prevent cladding breach during a 40-year IDS period. The probability of cladding breach for spent fuel stored at the temperature limit is less than 0.5% per spent fuel rod. 52 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Cunningham, M.E.; Simonen, E.P.; Allemann, R.T.; Levy, I.S.; Hazelton, R.F.
Medical (visual) information retrieval
This text gives a broad overview of the domain of visual medical information retrieval and medical information analysis/search in general. The goal is to describe the specifics of medical information analysis and more specifically of medical visual information ... Keywords: content-based image retrieval, medical information retrieval, medical visual information retrieval
Henning M�ller
Assessment of Electrical, Efficiency, and Photometric Performance of Advanced Lighting Sources: Dimmable Advanced Lighting Technolog ies -- Electronic Linear Fluorescent Ballasts
This EPRI Technical Update is one of four in a series that addresses the basic dimming performance of advanced lighting sources8212linear electronic fluorescent ballasts. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of basic lighting control, the importance of considering power quality in lighting control, lighting control methods and parameters, and the advantages and future of lighting control. Chapter 2 addresses in more depth dimming methods used in advanced lighting sources and controls for incandescent, fluores...
Daylighting control systems : Daylighting The New York Times Building
control systems control systems Overview The architectural approach The owner's approach Daylighting field study Daylighting control systems Automated roller shades Procurement specifications Shades and Shade Controls Lighting Controls Visualizing daylight Commissioning/ verification Demand response Mainstream solutions Post-occupancy evaluation Publications Sponsors Project team Daylighting control systems Lighting energy savings were greater in zones daylit bilaterally from both the southwest and northwest facades, typically 50-60% at 11 feet from the windows and 25-40% at 14-25 feet from the façade. Total illuminance was maintained in all lighting zones to within -10% of the setpoint for 95-100% of the day throughout most of the nine-month monitored period. Daylight "harvesting" strategies are implemented using daylighting control systems that dim the electric lighting in response to interior daylight levels. For commercial applications, the light output of fluorescent lamps (T5 or T8) are varied by using electronic dimming ballasts. Photosensors, typically mounted in the ceiling, are used to measure the quantity of daylight in the space then determine the amount of dimming required to maintain the design work plane illuminance level. If daylight levels are more than adequate, the electric lights can be shut off. Simulation studies indicate that annual energy use and peak demand can be reduced by 20-30% compared to a non-daylit building. These technological solutions are increasingly becoming one of the key means to achieving compliance with stringent energy-efficiency standards and achieving LEED ratings for sustainable design.
Real-Time Dynamic Visual Tracking Using PSD Sensors and Extended Trapezoidal Motion Planning
A real-time visual servo tracking system for an industrial robot has been implemented using PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) cameras, neural networks, and an extended trapezoidal motion planning method. PSD and directly transduces the light�s ... Keywords: extended trapezoidal motion planning, locally activated neural network, position sensitive detectors, target tracking, visual servoing
Soo-Hyuk Nam; Se-Young Oh
Cornell University Electric Lighting Report
Electric Lighting Quality Electric Lighting Quality The CUSD lighting design team utilized energy efficient products that meshed well with our daylighting scheme. We chose to use fluorescent tubes or compact fluorescent bulbs with an energy consumption of between 15 and 30 Watts throughout the house. The ballasts for all lamps dim to a 1% light output, so the interior and exterior lights can be adjusted as the level of available daylight fluctuates. Light sensors have been placed in front of our two largest apertures, allowing us to control how much artificial light is supplied to each space. The control of our ballasts is intricate, but refined and tested to avoid dysfunctional dimming or switching. While automatic controls are included, manual user overrides are provided in case the occupant prefers
Shape the light, light the shape - lighting installation in performance.
??This thesis investigates the lighting design theory Light Inside Out, which is the technique of shaping light toward a creation of lighting installation in performance� (more)
Yu, Lih-Hwa, 1972-
Total Light Management
Light Management Light Management Why is saving Energy Important World Electricity Consumption (2007) Top 20 Countries 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 U n i t e d S t a t e s C h i n a J a p a n R u s s i a I n d i a G e r m a n y C a n a d a A f r i c a F r a n c e B r a z i l K o r e a , S o u t h U n i t e d K i n g d o m I t a l y S p a i n A u s t r a l i a T a i w a n S o u t h A f r i c a M e x i c o S a u d i A r a b i a I r a n Billion kWh Source: US DOE Energy Information Administration Lighting Control Strategies 4 5 6 Occupancy/Vacancy Sensing * The greatest energy savings achieved with any lighting fixture is when the lights are shut off * Minimize wasted light by providing occupancy sensing or vacancy sensing 7 8 Daylight Harvesting * Most commercial space has enough natural light flowing into it, and the amount of artificial light being generated can be unnecessary * Cut back on the production of artificial lighting by
Management guide to modern industrial lighting
Good lighting in factories is necessary for optimal production rates, satisfactory work quality and high profitability. A manager who desires a safe work place with satisfied employees must understand how lighting affects the processes of vision, visual perception, and the mood of workers. This second edition is necessary since there have been so many changes in the field of industrial lighting over the last 10 years.
Lyons, S.L.
Investigation of oil recovery improvement by coupling an interfacial tension agent and a mobility control agent in light oil reservoirs. Annual report, October 1992--September 1993
Investigation of Oil Recovery Improvement by Coupling and Interfacial Tension Agent and a Mobility Control Agent in Light Oil Reservoirs will study two major areas concerning co-injecting an interfacial tension reduction agent(s) and a mobility control agent. The first area defines the interactions of alkaline agent, surfactants, and polymers on a fluid-fluid and fluid-rock basis. The second area concerns the economic improvement of the combined technology. This report examines the interactions of different alkaline agents, surfactants, and polymer combinations on a fluid-fluid basis. Alkali and surfactant combine to reduce the interfacial tension between a low acid number, 42 API gravity crude oil and the aqueous solution to values lower than either agent alone. Surfactant structure can vary from linear chain sulfonates to alkyl aryl sulfonates to produce low interfacial tension values when combined with alkali. However as a class, the alkyl aryl sulfonates were the most effective surfactants. Surfactant olefinic character appears to be critical in developing low interfacial tensions. For the 42 API gravity crude oil, surfactants with molecular weights ranging from 370 to 450 amu are more effective in lowering interfacial tension. Ultra low interfacial tensions were achieved with all of the alkaline agents evaluated when combined with appropriate surfactants. Different interfacial tension reduction characteristics with the various alkali types indicates alkali interacts synergistically with the surfactants to develop interfacial tension reduction. The solution pH is not a determining factor in lowering interfacial tension. Surfactant is the dominant agent for interfacial tension reduction.
Pitts, M.J.
Investigation of oil recovery improvement by coupling an interfacial tension agent and a mobility control agent in light oil reservoirs. Second annual report, October 1993--September 1994
{open_quotes}Investigation of Oil Recovery Improvement by Coupling an Interfacial Tension Agent and a Mobility Control Agent in Light Oil Reservoirs{close_quotes} is studying two major areas concerning co-injecting an interfacial tension reduction agent(s) and a mobility control agent. The first area defines the interactions of alkaline agents, surfactants, and polymers on a fluid-fluid and a fluid-rock basis. The second area concerns the economic improvement of the combined technology. This report continues the fluid-fluid interaction evaluations and begins the fluid-rock studies. Fluid-fluid interfacial tension work determined that replacing sodium ion with either potassium or ammonium ion in solutions with interfacial tension reduction up to 19,600 fold was detrimental and had little or no effect on alkali-surfactant solutions with interfacial tension reduction of 100 to 200 fold. Reservoir brine increases interfacial tension between crude oil and alkaline-surfactant solutions. Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}-surfactant solutions maintained ultra low and low interfacial tension values better than NaOH-surfactant solutions. The initial phase of the fluid-rock investigations was adsorption studies. Surfactant adsorption is reduced when co-dissolved with alkali. Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and Na{sub 3}PO{sub 4} are more efficient at reducing surfactant adsorption than NaOH. When polymer is added to the surfactant solution, surfactant adsorption is reduced as well. When both polymer and alkali are added, polymer is the dominate component, reducing the Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and NaOH effect on adsorption. Substituting sodium ion with potassium or ammonium ion increased or decreased surfactant adsorption depending on surfactant structure with alkali having a less significant effect. No consistent change of surfactant adsorption with increasing salinity was observed in the presence or absence of alkali or polymer.
Experimental Investigation of Fuel-Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion Mode in a Multi-Cylinder, Light-Duty Diesel Engine
An experimental study was performed to provide the combustion and emission characteristics resulting from fuel-reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode utilizing dual-fuel approach in a light-duty, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel injection of gasoline before intake valve opening (IVO) and early-cycle, direct injection of diesel fuel was used as the charge preparation and fuel blending strategy. In order to achieve the desired auto-ignition quality through the stratification of the fuel-air equivalence ratio ( ), blends of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuel were used. Engine experiments were performed at an engine speed of 2300rpm and an engine load of 4.3bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). It was found that significant reduction in both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was realized successfully through the RCCI combustion mode even without applying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). However, high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were observed. The low combustion gas temperature during the expansion and exhaust processes seemed to be the dominant source of high CO emissions in the RCCI combustion mode. The high HC emissions during the RCCI combustion mode could be due to the increased combustion quenching layer thickness as well as the -stratification at the periphery of the combustion chamber. The slightly higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the RCCI combustion mode was observed than the other combustion modes, such as the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) mode, and single-fuel, premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion mode. The parametric study of the RCCI combustion mode revealed that the combustion phasing and/or the peak cylinder pressure rise rate of the RCCI combustion mode could be controlled by several physical parameters premixed ratio (rp), intake swirl intensity, and start of injection (SOI) timing of directly injected fuel unlike other low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies.
Cho, Kukwon [ORNL; Curran, Scott [ORNL; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL; Sluder, Scott [ORNL; Parks, II, James E [ORNL; Wagner, Robert M [ORNL
Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting
Harmonization of Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Harmonization of Wireless Dimming Lighting Controls Research Project on
Commercial Lighting and LED Lighting Incentives
Incentives for energy efficient commercial lighting equipment as well as commercial LED lighting equipment are available to businesses under the Efficiency Vermont Lighting and LED Lighting...
Automating Lighting Design for Interactive Entertainment
Recent advances in computer graphics, particularly in real-time rendering, have caused major improvements in 3D graphics and rendering techniques used in interactive entertainment. In this paper, we focus on the scene lighting process, which we define as the process of configuring the number of lights used in a scene, their properties (e.g. range and attenuation), positions, angles, and colors. Lighting design is well known among designers, directors, and visual artists for its vital role in influencing viewers� perception by evoking moods, directing their gaze to important areas (i.e. providing visual focus), and conveying visual tension. It is, however, difficult to set positions, angles, or colors for lights within interactive scenes to accommodate these design goals, because an interactive scene�s spatial and dramatic configuration, including mood, dramatic intensity, and the relative importance of different characters, change unpredictably in real-time. There are several techniques developed by the game industry that establish spectacular real-time lighting effects within 3-D interactive environments. These techniques are often time and labor intensive. In addition, they are not easily used to dynamically mold the visual design to convey communicative, dramatic, and aesthetic functions as addressed in creative disciplines, such as art, film, and theatre. In this paper, we present a new real-time lighting design model based on cinematic and theatric lighting design theory. The proposed model is designed to automatically, and in real-time, adjust lighting in an interactive scene accommodating the dramatic, aesthetic, and communicative functions described by traditional lighting design theories while accommodating artistic constraints concerning style, visual continuity, and aesthetic function.
Magy Seif El-nasr; Ian Hosrwill
Externally controlled pressure and temperature microreactor for in situ x-ray diffraction, visual and spectroscopic reaction investigations under supercritical and subcritial conditions
A microreactor has been developed for in situ, spectroscopic investigations of materials and reaction processes with full external pressure and temperature control from ambient conditions to 400 C and 310 bar. The sample chamber is in direct contact with an external manifold, whereby gases, liquids or fluids can be injected and their activities controlled prior to and under investigation conditions. The microreactor employs high strength, single crystal moissanite windows which allow direct probe beam interaction with a sample to investigate in situ reaction processes and other materials properties. The relatively large volume of the cell, along with full optical accessibility and external temperature and pressure control, make this reaction cell well suited for experimental investigations involving any combination of gas, fluid, and solid interactions. The microreactor's capabilities are demonstrated through an in situ x-ray diffraction study of the conversion of a meta-serpentine sample to magnesite under high pressure and temperature. Serpentine is one of the mineral candidates for the implementation of mineral carbonation, an intriguing carbon sequestration candidate technology.
Diefenbacher, J.; McKelvy, M.; Chizemeshya, A.V.; Wolf, G.H. (ASU)
Dimming Controllers Offer Potential Energy Savings in Outdoor...
Sheet: * Introduction * HID Dimming * Conclusions Dimming Controllers Offer Potential Energy Savings in Outdoor Lighting Lighting control technology reduces energy consumption...
Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlled for
Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlled for Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlled for Daylight and Visual Comfort Title Monitored Energy Performance of Electrochromic Windows Controlled for Daylight and Visual Comfort Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-58912 Year of Publication 2005 Authors Lee, Eleanor S., Dennis L. DiBartolomeo, Joseph H. Klems, Mehry Yazdanian, and Stephen E. Selkowitz Conference Name 2006 ASHRAE Annual Meeting Date Published 06/2006 Conference Location Quebec City, Canada Call Number LBNL-58912 Abstract A 20-month field study was conducted to measure the energy performance of south-facing large-area tungsten-oxide absorptive electrochromic (EC) windows with a broad switching range in a private office setting. The EC windows were controlled by a variety of means to bring in daylight while minimizing window glare. For some cases, a Venetian blind was coupled with the EC window to block direct sun. Some tests also involved dividing the EC window wall into zones where the upper EC zone was controlled to admit daylight while the lower zone was controlled to prevent glare yet permit view. If visual comfort requirements are addressed by EC control and Venetian blinds, a 2-zone EC window configuration provided average daily lighting energy savings of 10-15% compared to the reference case with fully lowered Venetian blinds. Cooling load reductions were 0-3%. If the reference case assumes no daylighting controls, lighting energy savings would be 44-11%. Peak demand reductions due to window cooling load, given a critical demand-response mode, were 19-26% maximum on clear sunny days. Peak demand reductions in lighting energy use were 0% or 72-100% compared to a reference case with and without daylighting controls, respectively. Lighting energy use was found to be very sensitive to how glare and sun is controlled. Additional research should be conducted to fine-tune EC control for visual comfort based on solar conditions so as to increase lighting energy savings.
Design, Control and Evaluation of a Prototype Three Phase Inverter in a BLDC Drive System for an Ultra-Light Electric Vehicle.
??With an evolving vehicle industry there has been an increase in the demand for light electric vehicles. This thesis was conducted in order to gain� (more)
Larsson, Philip
Visual Field Map Clusters in Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex
The macaque visual cortex contains >30 different functional visual areas, yet surprisingly little is known about the underlying organizational principles that structure its components into a complete "visual" unit. A recent ...
Kolster, Hauke
Visualizing the stock market
We describe a new 2-dimensional visualization algorithm capable of presenting detailed information on hundreds of items while emphasizing overall patterns in the data. This display method, which builds on Shneiderman's treemap technique, makes use of ... Keywords: interactive graphics, investing, treemap, visualization
Martin Wattenberg
JPALS Visualization Tool
This paper describes a visualization system for the Joint Precision Aircraft Landing System (JPALS) that integrates remote sensor data with well-known databases of terrain imagery, elevation, and surveyed aviation locations. This visualization system ... Keywords: JPALS, LAAS, GPS, Virtual World, Distributed, Real time
Scott Nykl; Chad Mourning; Erik Nykl; David Chelberg; Trent Skidmore
3D visualization of port simulation.
Affordable and realistic three dimensional visualization technology can be applied to large scale constructive simulations such as the port simulation model, PORTSIM. These visualization tools enhance the experienced planner's ability to form mental models of how seaport operations will unfold when the simulation model is implemented and executed. They also offer unique opportunities to train new planners not only in the use of the simulation model but on the layout and design of seaports. Simulation visualization capabilities are enhanced by borrowing from work on interface design, camera control, and data presentation. Using selective fidelity, the designers of these visualization systems can reduce their time and efforts by concentrating on those features which yield the most value for their simulation. Offering the user various observational tools allows the freedom to simply watch or engage in the simulation without getting lost. Identifying the underlying infrastructure or cargo items with labels can provide useful information at the risk of some visual clutter. The PortVis visualization expands the PORTSIM user base which can benefit from the results provided by this capability, especially in strategic planning, mission rehearsal, and training. Strategic planners will immediately reap the benefits of seeing the impact of increased throughput visually without keeping track of statistical data. Mission rehearsal and training users will have an effective training tool to supplement their operational training exercises which are limited in number because of their high costs. Having another effective training modality in this visualization system allows more training to take place and more personnel to gain an understanding of seaport operations. This simulation and visualization training can be accomplished at lower cost than would be possible for the operational training exercises alone. The application of PORTSIM and PortVis will lead to more efficient planning overall and ultimately increase port utilization and throughput, decreasing the amount of time required to transport cargo from its origin to its final destination.
Horsthemke, W. H.; Macal, C. M.; Nevins, M. R.
Northern Lights
Northern Lights Northern Lights Nature Bulletin No. 178-A February 6, 1965 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation NORTHERN LIGHTS To a person seeing the Aurora Borealis or "northern lights" for the first time, it is an uncanny awe-inspiring spectacle. Sometimes it begins as a glow of red on the northern horizon, ominously suggesting a great fire, gradually changing to a curtain of violet-white, or greenish-yellow light extending from east to west. Some times this may be transformed to appear as fold upon fold of luminous draperies that march majestically across the sky; sometimes as a vast multitude of gigantic flaming swords furiously slashing at the heavens; sometimes as a flowing crown with long undulating colored streamers fanning downward and outward.
Visual Breakout | Department of Energy
Visual Breakout Visual Breakout Visual Breakout of the Cummulative Barrels of Oil Recovered by the Discoverer Enterprise, Q4000 and HP1. Updated through 12:00 AM on July 16, 2010....
Light Organizing/Organizing Light [Light in Place
a street through alter� nating areas of dark and light, welandscapes, streets and squares. Light summons our spiritfor changing light, both outside rooms (such as streets and
Schwartz, Martin
Pupillary efficient lighting system
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination.
Berman, Samuel M. (San Francisco, CA); Jewett, Don L. (Mill Valley, CA)
A lighting system having at least two independent lighting subsystems each with a different ratio of scotopic illumination to photopic illumination. The radiant energy in the visible region of the spectrum of the lighting subsystems can be adjusted relative to each other so that the total scotopic illumination of the combined system and the total photopic illumination of the combined system can be varied independently. The dilation or contraction of the pupil of an eye is controlled by the level of scotopic illumination and because the scotopic and photopic illumination can be separately controlled, the system allows the pupil size to be varied independently of the level of photopic illumination. Hence, the vision process can be improved for a given level of photopic illumination. 5 figs.
Berman, S.M.; Jewett, D.L.
Personalizing game content using audio-visual media
This paper introduces the concept of media-controlled games, where game content is personalized using audio-visual media as an input to the game. Each piece of background music or picture selected by the player makes the game look different and behave ... Keywords: MIDI, audio, games, image-controlled games, media-controlled games, music, musically controlled games, personalization
Jukka Holm; Kai Havukainen; Juha Arrasvuori
Automatic visual guidance of a forklift engaging a pallet
This paper presents the development of a prototype vision-guided forklift system for the automatic engagement of pallets. The system is controlled using the visual guidance method of mobile camera-space manipulation, which is capable of achieving a high ... Keywords: Machine vision, Mobile manipulation, Visual guidance
Michael Seelinger; John-David Yoder
Hypertools in image and volume visualization
This paper describes our experience in image and volume visualization at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. After an introduction on visualization issues, we present a new software approach to the analysis and visualization of images and volumes. The efficiency of the visualization process is improved by letting the user combine small and reusable applications by the means of a machine-independent interpreted language such as Tcl/Tk. These hypertools can communicate with each other over a network, which has a direct impact on the design of graphical interfaces. We first describe the implementation of a flexible gray-scale image widget that can handle large data sets, provides complete control of the color palette and allows for manual and semi-interactive segmentation. This visualization tool can be embedded in a data-flow image processing environment to assess the quality of acquisition, preprocessing and filtering of raw data. This approach combines the simplicity of visual programming with the power of a high-level interpreted language. We show how hypertools can be used in surface and volume rendering and how they increase the interaction efficiency by performing complex or tedious tasks automatically. One biomedical application is presented.
Bossart, P.L.
Luminance in computer-aided lighting design
Traditionally, the lighting engineering community has emphasized illuminance, the amount of light reaching a surface, as the primary design goal. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) provides tables of illuminances for different types of tasks which lighting engineers consult in designing lighting systems. Illuminance has proven to be a popular metric because it corresponds closely to the amount of energy needed to light a building as well as the initial cost of the lighting system. Perhaps more importantly, illuminance is easy to calculate, especially in simple unobstructed spaces with direct lighting. However,illuminance is not well correlated with visual performance, which is the real reason for installing a lighting system in the first place. Visual performance is a psychophysiological quantity that has been tied to physical quantities such as contrast, size and adaptation level by subject experiments. These physical quantities can be approximated from illuminance using a host of assumptions about the environment, or derived directly from the distribution of luminance. Luminance is the quantity of light traveling through a point in a certain direction, and it is this quantity that the eye actually ``sees``. However, the difficulty of calculating luminance for common tasks has made it an unpopular metric. Despite its importance to lighting design, luminance is rarely used because there is a lack of the necessary computational tools.In this paper, we will demonstrate a computer calculation of luminance that has significant advantages for lighting design. As well as providing an immediate evaluation of visual quality for task performance, less quantifiable factors such as aesthetics can be studied in synthetic images produced by the program.
Ward, G.J.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Grynberg, A.
Traditionally, the lighting engineering community has emphasized illuminance, the amount of light reaching a surface, as the primary design goal. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) provides tables of illuminances for different types of tasks which lighting engineers consult in designing lighting systems. Illuminance has proven to be a popular metric because it corresponds closely to the amount of energy needed to light a building as well as the initial cost of the lighting system. Perhaps more importantly, illuminance is easy to calculate, especially in simple unobstructed spaces with direct lighting. However,illuminance is not well correlated with visual performance, which is the real reason for installing a lighting system in the first place. Visual performance is a psychophysiological quantity that has been tied to physical quantities such as contrast, size and adaptation level by subject experiments. These physical quantities can be approximated from illuminance using a host of assumptions about the environment, or derived directly from the distribution of luminance. Luminance is the quantity of light traveling through a point in a certain direction, and it is this quantity that the eye actually sees''. However, the difficulty of calculating luminance for common tasks has made it an unpopular metric. Despite its importance to lighting design, luminance is rarely used because there is a lack of the necessary computational tools.In this paper, we will demonstrate a computer calculation of luminance that has significant advantages for lighting design. As well as providing an immediate evaluation of visual quality for task performance, less quantifiable factors such as aesthetics can be studied in synthetic images produced by the program.
Designing Effective Algorithm Visualizations
Advances in computing technology and the aordability of software and high-performance graphics hardware enabled rapid growth of visual tools. Today, not only very expensive workstations, but also low-cost PCs are capable of running computationally demanding visualization systems. Algorithm visualizations or the graphic depiction of algorithms in execution have been used in explaining, designing and analyzing algorithms since the early 1980s. Although many tools have been developed over the past twenty years, not enough attention has been paid to the analysis of users, their needs, tasks, and goals. This paper provides an overview of algorithm visualization techniques, based on the premise that a rethinking of algorithm animation design is required in order to harness its power for enhancing learning. More information about the topic can be found on the author's web page. 1
Sami Khuri
Electronic Materials: Visualizations
VISUALS: Animation of the effect of temperature on conductivity of an n-type ... Animations of the production of a silicon wafer, 0, 897, Cathy Rohrer, 2/12/2007�...
Visualization Design Environment
Improvements in the performance and capabilities of computer software and hardware system, combined with advances in Internet technologies, have spurred innovative developments in the area of modeling, simulation and visualization. These developments combine to make it possible to create an environment where engineers can design, prototype, analyze, and visualize components in virtual space, saving the time and expenses incurred during numerous design and prototyping iterations. The Visualization Design Centers located at Sandia National Laboratories are facilities built specifically to promote the ''design by team'' concept. This report focuses on designing, developing and deploying this environment by detailing the design of the facility, software infrastructure and hardware systems that comprise this new visualization design environment and describes case studies that document successful application of this environment.
Pomplun, A.R.; Templet, G.J.; Jortner, J.N.; Friesen, J.A.; Schwegel, J.; Hughes, K.R.
Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts
Market-Based Programs Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on AddThis.com... LED Lighting Facts CALiPER Program Standards Development Technical Information Network Gateway Demonstrations Municipal Consortium Design Competitions LED Lighting Facts LED lighting facts - A Program of the U.S. DOE DOE's LED Lighting Facts® program showcases LED products for general
Visualization and data analysis
Talk about Visualization and Data Analysis Current State and Exascale challenges. The goal is to update with colleagues our current status in our research. What challenges we need to face, and what future possibilities. Our goal is to propose to approach the problems with the visualization approach operating on the supercomputing platform. This presentation is about the L2 Milestone, we intend to discuss further possibilities of enhancing our results and optimizing our solutions.
Ahrens, James P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodgers, David [SNL; Springmeyer, Becky [LLNL
Assessment of Electrical, Efficiency, and Photometric Performance of Advanced Lighting Technologies: Dimmable Advanced Lighting Tech nologies -- Electronic Fluorescent, High-Intensity Discharge, and Light-Emitting Diode
This EPRI Technical Report is a compilation of four technical updates that address the basic dimming performance of advanced lighting sources: EPRI report 1018476 for linear fluorescent ballasts, 1018477 for hot and cold cathode compact fluorescent lamps, 1018479 for electronic high-intensity discharge (HID) ballasts, and 1018480 for light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of basic lighting control, the importance of considering power quality in lighting control, lighting con...
High Performance Computing and Visualization Group ...
High Performance Computing and Visualization Group. Welcome. The High Performance Computing and Visualization Group. ...
Load Control
Visualization and Controls Peer Review Visualization and Controls Peer Review Load Control for System Reliability and Measurement-Based Stability Assessment Dan Trudnowski, PhD, PE Montana Tech Butte, MT 59701 firstname.lastname@example.com 406-496-4681 October 2006 2 Presentation Outline * Introduction - Goals, Enabling technologies, Overview * Load Control - Activities, Status * Stability Assessment - Activities, Status * Wrap up - Related activities, Staff 3 Goals * Research and develop technologies to improve T&D reliability * Technologies - Real-time load control methodologies - Measurement-based stability-assessment 4 Enabling Technologies * Load control enabled by GridWise technology (e.g. PNNL's GridFriendly appliance) * Real-time stability assessment enabled by Phasor Measurement (PMU) technology 5 Project Overview * Time line: April 18, 2006 thru April 17, 2008
Comparing Light Emitting Diode (LED) Street and Area Lighting to Traditional Lighting Technologies
High-power light-emitting diode (LED) technology holds great promise for outdoor illumination. This case study discusses the results of the LED Street and Area Lighting Demonstration performed by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Knoxville Utilities Board (KUB), and EPRI. Data was collected on Wall Avenue, a busy thoroughfare in downtown Knoxville, using a specially developed computer-controlled mobile light measurement vehicle with a global positioning system.Early reports from the ...
Visualization of mobile object environments
This paper presents a system for visualizing mobile object frameworks. In such frameworks, the objects can migrate to remote hosts, along with their state and behavior, while the application is running. An innovative graph-based visualization is used ... Keywords: distributed software visualization, mobile objects, software visualization
Yaniv Frishman; Ayellet Tal
The ''Subsurface Fire Hazard Analysis'' (CRWMS M&O 1998, page 61), and the document, ''Title III Evaluation Report for the Surface and Subsurface Communication System'', (CRWMS M&O 1999a, pages 21 and 23), both indicate the installed communication system is adequate to support Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) activities with the exception of the mine phone system for emergency notification purposes. They recommend the installation of a visual alarm system to supplement the page/party phone system The purpose of this analysis is to identify data communication highway design approaches, and provide justification for the selected or recommended alternatives for the data communication of the subsurface visual alarm system. This analysis is being prepared to document a basis for the design selection of the data communication method. This analysis will briefly describe existing data or voice communication or monitoring systems within the ESF, and look at how these may be revised or adapted to support the needed data highway of the subsurface visual alarm. system. The existing PLC communication system installed in subsurface is providing data communication for alcove No.5 ventilation fans, south portal ventilation fans, bulkhead doors and generator monitoring system. It is given that the data communication of the subsurface visual alarm system will be a digital based system. It is also given that it is most feasible to take advantage of existing systems and equipment and not consider an entirely new data communication system design and installation. The scope and primary objectives of this analysis are to: (1) Briefly review and describe existing available data communication highways or systems within the ESF. (2) Examine technical characteristics of an existing system to disqualify a design alternative is paramount in minimizing the number of and depth of a system review. (3) Apply general engineering design practices or criteria such as relative cost, and degree of difficulty and complexity in determining requirements in adapting existing data communication highways to support the subsurface visual alarm system. These requirements would include such things as added or new communication cables, added Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Inputs and Outputs (I/O), and communication hardware components, and human machine interfaces and their software operating system. (4) Select the best data communication highway system based on this review of adapting or integrating with existing data communication systems.
D.W. Markman
Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study
The objective of this scoping study is: (1) to identify current market drivers and technology trends that can improve the demand responsiveness of commercial building lighting systems and (2) to quantify the energy, demand and environmental benefits of implementing lighting demand response and energy-saving controls strategies Statewide. Lighting systems in California commercial buildings consume 30 GWh. Lighting systems in commercial buildings often waste energy and unnecessarily stress the electrical grid because lighting controls, especially dimming, are not widely used. But dimmable lighting equipment, especially the dimming ballast, costs more than non-dimming lighting and is expensive to retrofit into existing buildings because of the cost of adding control wiring. Advances in lighting industry capabilities coupled with the pervasiveness of the Internet and wireless technologies have led to new opportunities to realize significant energy saving and reliable demand reduction using intelligent lighting controls. Manufacturers are starting to produce electronic equipment--lighting-application specific controllers (LAS controllers)--that are wirelessly accessible and can control dimmable or multilevel lighting systems obeying different industry-accepted protocols. Some companies make controllers that are inexpensive to install in existing buildings and allow the power consumed by bi-level lighting circuits to be selectively reduced during demand response curtailments. By intelligently limiting the demand from bi-level lighting in California commercial buildings, the utilities would now have an enormous 1 GW demand shed capability at hand. By adding occupancy and light sensors to the remotely controllable lighting circuits, automatic controls could harvest an additional 1 BkWh/yr savings above and beyond the savings that have already been achieved. The lighting industry's adoption of DALI as the principal wired digital control protocol for dimming ballasts and increased awareness of the need to standardize on emerging wireless technologies are evidence of this transformation. In addition to increased standardization of digital control protocols controller capabilities, the lighting industry has improved the performance of dimming lighting systems over the last two years. The system efficacy of today's current dimming ballasts is approaching that of non-dimming program start ballasts. The study finds that the benefits of applying digital controls technologies to California's unique commercial buildings market are enormous. If California were to embark on an concerted 20 year program to improve the demand responsiveness and energy efficiency of commercial building lighting systems, the State could avoid adding generation capacity, improve the elasticity of the grid, save Californians billion of dollars in avoided energy charges and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Rubinstein, Francis; Kiliccote, Sila
Assessment of Electrical, Efficiency, and Photometric Performance of Advanced Lighting Sources: Dimmable Advanced Lighting Technolog ies -- Electronic High-Intensity Discharge Ballasts
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the dimming performance of electronic high-intensity discharge (HID) ballasts. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of basic lighting control, the importance of considering power quality in lighting control, lighting control methods and parameters, and the advantages and future of lighting control. Chapter 2 addresses in more depth the dimming methods used in advanced lighting sources and controls for incandescent, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge (HID) and light-emit...
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Visualize-IT Energy Information
Visualize-IT Energy Information and Analysis Tool Visualize-IT Energy Information and Analysis Tool Visualize-IT Energy Information and Analysis Tool logo. Designed to explore, summarize and analyze time series interval data. Visualize-IT has been developed specifically for electric and gas load data, but it is equally useful as a general purpose data visualization tool for other time series measurements such as weather, industrial process control, and water quality. Screen Shots Keywords energy analysis, rate comparison, load profiles, interval data Validation/Testing N/A Expertise Required Basic knowledge of energy data analysis and concepts. Users Over 100 users internationally. Audience Load Researchers, Building Simulation Engineers, Facilities Managers, Energy Account Managers. Input Any type of interval (primarily load) data. Visualize-IT can analyze other
Visualization for the Physical Sciences
Close collaboration with other scientific fields is an important goal for the visualization community. Yet engaging in a scientific collaboration can be challenging. The physical sciences, namely astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences and physics, exhibit ... Keywords: I.3.8 [Computer Graphics]: Applications�Visualization, I.6.6 [Simulation and Modeling]: Symulation Output Analysis�Visualization, J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Astronomy�Visualization, J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Chemistry�Visualization, J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Earth and atmospheric sciences�Visualization, J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Physics�Visualization
Dan R. Lip?a; Robert S. Laramee; Simon J. Cox; Jonathan C. Roberts; Rick Walker; Michelle A. Borkin; Hanspeter Pfister
A B O R A T O R I E S F O R T H E 2 1 A B O R A T O R I E S F O R T H E 2 1 S T C E N T U R Y : B E S T P R A C T I C E G U I D E EFFICIENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING IN LABORATORIES Introduction by researchers. In addition, the lighting energy intensity There is a considerable body of research that describes in laboratories is up to twice that of a typical office space. the impact of the visual quality of the work environment Lighting energy use typically accounts for between 8%
light metals
Alumina Refinery Design and Development; Alumina Refinery Safety and Integrity ... Environmental and Plant Improvements; Process Control Developments.
Light Computing
A configuration of light pulses is generated, together with emitters and receptors, that allows computing. The computing is extraordinarily high in number of flops per second, exceeding the capability of a quantum computer for a given size and coherence region. The emitters and receptors are based on the quantum diode, which can emit and detect individual photons with high accuracy.
Gordon Chalmers
Solid-state lighting technology perspective.
Solid-State Lighting (SSL) uses inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to convert electricity into light for illumination. SSL has the potential for enormous energy savings and accompanying environmental benefits if its promise of 50% (or greater) energy efficiencies can be achieved. This report provides a broad summary of the technologies that underlie SSL. The applications for SSL and potential impact on U.S. and world-wide energy consumption, and impact on the human visual experience are discussed. The properties of visible light and different technical metrics to characterize its properties are summarized. The many factors contributing to the capital and operating costs for SSL and traditional lighting sources (incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps) are discussed, with extrapolations for future SSL goals. The technologies underlying LEDs and OLEDs are also described, including current and possible alternative future technologies and some of the present limitations.
Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Coltrin, Michael Elliott
A rodent model for the study of invariant visual object recognition
The human visual system is able to recognize objects despite tremendous variation in their appearance on the retina resulting from variation in view, size, lighting, etc. This ability�known as �invariant� object recognition�is ...
Zoccolan, Davide
Visualizing Energy Information in Commercial Buildings: A Study of Tools, Expert Users, and Building Occupants
so that users of energy management systems (described in thefollowed by energy management systems, energy visualizationBMSs) or Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCSs), they
Lehrer, David; Vasudev, Janani
Visualizing information to improve building performance: a study of expert users
that users of energy management systems (which we describefollowed by energy management systems, energy visualizationBMSs) or Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCSs), they
New and Underutilized Technology: Exterior LED/Solid State Lighting |
Exterior LED/Solid State Lighting Exterior LED/Solid State Lighting New and Underutilized Technology: Exterior LED/Solid State Lighting October 4, 2013 - 4:55pm Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for exterior LED/solid state lighting within the Federal sector. Benefits LED lighting economics can work in high electric cost areas with high hours of use. Pricing continually decreases for LED lighting. This technology provides quality, white, even lighting with good color rendition. Greater cost savings can be achieved when combined with bi-level motion sensors to reduce light levels in parking areas, garages, and walkways. Application Exterior LED/solid state lighting is applicable in areas where security and visual performance are critical, including street lighting, parking lots,
Texas Electric Lighting Report
electric lighting electric lighting The SNAP House's lighting design aims for elegant simplicity in concept, use, and maintenance. Throughout the house, soft, ambient light is juxtaposed with bright, direct task lighting. All ambient and most task lighting is integrated directly into the architectural design of the house. An accent light wall between the bedroom and bathroom provides a glowing light for nighttime navigation.
Energy-saving lighting systems. [Includes glossary
Artificial lighting accounts for 20% of electrical energy, 7.6% of total energy, and 3.8% of total fuel in the US. Because conserving lighting energy can reduce operating costs as well as save energy, this book explores several practical ways to do that. The book first describes the complete range of light sources and their accessories, then goes on to cover photometric reports, techniques of lighting design, fluorescent luminaires, industrial lighting systems, manual and automatic lighting controls, the impact of air-conditioning on lighting systems, and exterior lighting. A glossary of lighting terminology, conversion tables, and recommended illumination levels appear in the appendix. The book is designed for students and practicity lighting engineers and designers. 56 references, 169 figures, 45 tables. (DCK)
Sorcar, P.C.
Assessment of Electrical, Efficiency, and Photometric Performance of Advanced Lighting Sources: Dimmable Advanced Lighting Technolog ies -- Electronic (Hot and Cold Cathode) Compact Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts
This EPRI Technical Update (EPRI report 1018477) is one of four in a series that addresses basic dimming performance of advanced lighting sourceselectronic (hot and cold cathode) compact fluorescent lamps and ballasts Chapter 1 discusses basic lighting control, the importance of considering power quality in lighting control, lighting control methods and parameters, and the advantages and future of lighting control. Chapter 2 addresses in more depth dimming methods used in advanced lighting sources and co...
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting and Systems
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the most promising and unique energy efficient light source light emitting diode (LED) lighting. Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the upcoming growth of the LED and LED lighting market. Future technical improvements to LEDs and systems are also emphasized. Discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from traditional lighting to LED lighting is provided. LED lighting technologies are covered in...
Uncharted 3 visual effects
For Uncharted 3, Naughty Dog tackled the challenge of rendering multiple environmental effects, such as fire, water, and sand in the game set pieces. The biggest challenge was delivering high-quality visual effects in real time while keeping the strict ...
Mohammed Ikram
Extreme Scale Visual Analytics
Extreme-scale visual analytics (VA) is about applying VA to extreme-scale data. The articles in this special issue examine advances related to extreme-scale VA problems, their analytical and computational challenges, and their real-world applications.
Wong, Pak C.; Shen, Han-Wei; Pascucci, Valerio
Light, Nearwork, and Visual Environment Risk Factors in Myopia
hours and integrated solar radiation during each study15 minutes and included precipitation and solar radiation.The solar radiation data, in W/m 2 , were converted to lux
Alvarez, Amanda Aleksandra
Dynamic Solid State Lighting Matthew Aldrich
to the fluorescent technology's lower color rendering ability and quality of light [26, 4, 58, 24]. LED implicit and explicit user goals. In this work, the focus in on the efficient control of a LED-based lighting network. This thesis presents a first-of-its-kind pentachromatic LED-based lighting network
Alexandria Light and Power - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate...
Technologies Central Air conditioners, Clothes Washers, Dehumidifiers, Dishwasher, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Programmable Thermostats,...
Automatic monitoring helps reduce lighting costs
A Benton, Arkansas utility is using a dimmable ballast system to curb high-intensity-discharge (HID) lighting costs. The system also incorpoates a monitoring control system. This control automatically maintains minimum illumination levels.
Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems
Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems for Commercial Buildings using High Resolution Luminance Images Title Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems for Commercial Buildings using High Resolution Luminance Images Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-4417E Year of Publication 2011 Authors Konis, Kyle, Eleanor S. Lee, and Robert D. Clear Call Number LBNL-4417E Abstract The objective of this study was to explore how calibrated high dynamic range (HDR) images (luminance maps) acquired in real world daylit environments can be used to characterize, evaluate, and compare visual comfort conditions of innovative facade shading and light-redirecting systems. Detailed (1536 x 1536 pixel) luminance maps were time-lapse acquired from two view positions in an unoccupied full scale testbed facility. These maps were analyzed using existing visual comfort metrics to quantify how innovative interior and exterior shading systems compare to conventional systems under real sun and sky conditions over a solstice-to-solstice test interval. The results provide a case study in the challenges and potential of methods of visualizing, evaluating and summarizing daily and seasonal variation of visual comfort conditions computed from large sets of image data.
DARPA Intelligent Collaboration and Visualization ...
DARPA Intelligent Collaboration and Visualization. Back to VUG Home. Impetus / How Project Began. ITL was asked by ...
Visual Search Jeremy M. Wolfe
10 Visual Search Jeremy M. Wolfe Abstract This chapter considers the range of visual search tasks, from those involving very brief- ly presented stimuli to those involving search processes that extend over many days. Most of the discussion centers on "classic" visual search tasks, as studied in the lab
Types of Lighting in Commercial Buildings - Lighting Types
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Lighting Types Lighting Types The following are the most widely used types of lighting equipment used in commercial buildings. Characteristics such as energy efficiency, light quality, and lifetime vary by lamp type. Standard Fluorescent A fluorescent lamp consists of a sealed gas-filled tube. The gas in the tube consists of a mixture of low pressure mercury vapor and an inert gas such as argon. The inner surface of the tube has a coating of phosphor powder. When an electrical current is applied to electrodes in the tube, the mercury vapor emits ultraviolet radiation which then causes the phosphor coating to emit visible light (the process is termed fluorescence). A ballast is required to regulate and control the current and voltage. Two types of ballasts are used, magnetic and electronic. Electronic ballasts
LED Street and Area Lighting Technologies
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are being used for applications beyond just indicator lights. One of those applications, street and area lighting, is of considerable interest. This interest is generated by potential reductions that can be achieved in operating costs resulting from lower maintenance costs as well as potentially lower electricity costs that result from the higher efficiency of LED lamps in the systems, the capability to dim and control LED systems, and better light quality. This white paper l...
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting Speaker(s): Martin Moeck Date: August 6, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 We give a short overview on high-power light emitting diodes,...
Pixel Noir: a style for cinematic computer-generated lighting
This thesis provides an example of creating a special cinematic style of Film Noir in computer-generated animation. The thesis is designed as a discussion of how a unique lighting style in computer graphics can be used to enhance visual storytelling for cinematic purposes. It provides digital filmmakers a beginning guide to deal with various lighting situations, and with cinematic lighting in 3D production.
Han, Lei
Lighting Development, Adoption, and Compliance Guide BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM I
Lighting Development, Adoption, and Compliance Guide BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM I Lighting Development, Adoption, and Compliance Guide BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM I Lighting BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Development, Adoption, and Compliance Guide Lighting BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM September 2012 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 | PNNL-SA-90653 Development, Adoption, and Compliance Guide 3.3 Exterior Lighting Controls ...........................................................................24 3.3.1 Dusk to Dawn Controls ...............................................................................25 3.3.2 Lighting Power Reduction Controls ........................................................25 3.3.3 Parking Garage Controls ............................................................................26
Field Force Data Visualization
This report describes the development of a prototype data visualization app for utility workers. By using commercially available tablet technology, open standards, and open source software, utilities may be able to improve data capabilities of deployed field crews with modest investment in technology.BackgroundUtilities have been investing heavily in communications and information technology (IT) infrastructure in the past several years.� While strides are being ...
NSF Announces Visualization Challenge - Materials Technology ...
Feb 11, 2009 ... Interactive Media: Dynamic web visualization or animation designed for ... Non- Interactive Media: Multimedia, visualizations, and animations�...
OpenEI Community - Visualization Graph
http:en.openei.orgcommunitytaxonomyterm700 en New Gapminder Visualizations Added http:en.openei.orgcommunityblognew-gapminder-visualizations-added
Collaborative Visualization and the Analysis Pipeline | Argonne...
Science & Engineering Applications Collaborative Visualization and the Analysis Pipeline Collaborative Visualization and the Analysis Pipeline Integration of Access Grid and...
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be updated...
Advanced lighting guidelines: 1993. Final report
The 1993 Advanced Lighting Guidelines document consists of twelve guidelines that provide an overview of specific lighting technologies and design application techniques utilizing energy-efficient lighting practice. Lighting Design Practice assesses energy-efficient lighting strategies, discusses lighting issues, and explains how to obtain quality lighting design and consulting services. Luminaires and Lighting Systems surveys luminaire equipment designed to take advantage of advanced technology lamp products and includes performance tables that allow for accurate estimation of luminaire light output and power input. The additional ten guidelines -- Computer-Aided Lighting Design, Energy-Efficient Fluorescent Ballasts, Full-Size Fluorescent Lamps, Compact Fluorescent Lamps, Tungsten-Halogen Lamps, Metal Halide and HPS Lamps, Daylighting and Lumen Maintenance, Occupant Sensors, Time Scheduling Systems, and Retrofit Control Technologies -- each provide a product technology overview, discuss current products on the lighting equipment market, and provide application techniques. This document is intended for use by electric utility personnel involved in lighting programs, lighting designers, electrical engineers, architects, lighting manufacturers` representatives, and other lighting professionals.
Eley, C.; Tolen, T.M. [Eley Associates, San Francisco, CA (United States); Benya, J.R. [Luminae Souter Lighting Design, San Francisco, CA (United States); Rubinstein, F.; Verderber, R. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
Advanced lighting guidelines, 1993: Revision 1
The 1993 Advanced Lighting Guidelines document consists of twelve guidelines that provide an overview of specific lighting technologies and design application techniques utilizing energy-efficient lighting practice. Lighting Design Practice assesses energy-efficient lighting strategies, discusses lighting issues, and explains how to obtain quality lighting design and consulting services. Luminaires and Lighting Systems surveys luminaire equipment designed to take advantage of advanced technology lamp products and includes performance tables that allow for accurate estimation of luminaire light output and power input. The additional ten guidelines -- Computer-Aided Lighting Design, Energy-Efficient Fluorescent Ballasts, Full-Size Fluorescent Lamps, Compact Fluorescent Lamps, Tungsten- Halogen Lamps, Metal Halide and HPS Lamps, Daylighting and Lumen Maintenance, Occupant Sensors, Time Scheduling Systems, and Retrofit Control Technologies -- each provide a product technology overview, discuss current products on the lighting equipment market, and provide application techniques. This document is intended for use by electric utility personnel involved in lighting programs, lighting designers, electrical engineers, architects, lighting manufacturers' representatives, and other lighting professionals.
Eley, C.; Tolen, T.M. (Eley Associates, San Francisco, CA (United States)); Benya, J.R. (Luminae Souter Lighting Design, San Francisco, CA (United States)); Rubinstein, F.; Verderber, R. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
A comprehensive approach to integrated envelope and lighting systems for new commercial buildings
The authors define a comprehensive approach to integrated envelope and lighting systems design as one that balances energy efficiency with an equal regard to the resultant environmental quality. By integrating envelope components (glazing, shading, and daylighting), lighting components (fixtures and controls) and building HVAC/energy management control systems, they create building systems that have the potential to achieve significant decreases in electricity consumption and peak demand while satisfying occupant physiological and psychological concerns. This paper presents results on the development, implementation, and demonstration of two specific integrated envelope and lighting systems: (1) a system emphasizing dynamic envelope components and responsive electric lighting systems, that offer the potential to achieve energy efficiency goals and a near optimum comfort environment throughout the year by adapting to meteorological conditions and occupant preferences in real time, and (2) perimeter daylighting systems that increase the depth of daylight penetration from sidelight windows and improves visual comfort with the use of a small inlet aperture. The energy performance of the systems was estimated using the DOE-2 building energy simulation program. Field tests with reduced scale models were conducted to determine daylighting and thermal performance in real time under actual weather conditions. Demonstrations of these integrated systems are being planned or are in progress in collaboration with utility programs to resolve real-world implementation issues under complex site, building, and cost constraints. Results indicate that integrated systems offer solutions that not only achieve significant peak demand reductions but also realize consistent energy savings with added occupant comfort and satisfaction.
Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.E.; Rubinstein, F.M.; Klems, J.H.; Beltran, L.O.; DiBartolomeo, D.L. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States). Building Technologies Program
National Synchrotron Light Source
All Documents listed below are part of the Photon Sciences Directorate and All Documents listed below are part of the Photon Sciences Directorate and will be updated as needed. Photon Sciences ESH Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) SOP No. Standard Operating Procedure for: LS-ES-0002 Procedure for Acid Etching of Silicon and Germanium Crystals LS-ESH-0004 NSLS Operations Group Chemical Spill and Gas Release Response LS-ESH-0010 VUV Injection Shutter LOTO LS-ESH-0012 LINAC LOTO LS-ESH-0013 Controlled Access to the VUV Ring LS-ESH-0014 Radiation Safety Interlocks at the National Synchrotron Light Source LS-ESH-0019 Beam Line Configuration Control Checklist Requirements LS-ESH-0020 Biosafety Requirements at the NSLS LS-ESH-0021 Biosafety Level 2 work at the NSLS/ A Technical Basis LS-ESH-0022 Beam Line Configuration Control Checklist Requirements
A Method of Robotic Visual Tracking for a New Automatic Laser Welding Line
An on-line visual tracking sensor system for the automation of laser welding processes in heavy industries is presented. A method of image process and features extraction for structured light image of laser welding has been developed. In order to set ... Keywords: image processing, seam tracking, structure light vision, features extraction
Yongliang Xie; Lei Zhang; Chuanyu Wu; Jianjun Yin
Next Generation Light Source
�Next Generation Light Source � Super Thin Light Bulb, Energy Efficient, Long Life, Dimmable, and Uniform Illumination �High Entry Barrier � 71 ...
Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization
Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization contains international contributions by leading researchers from within the field. Dedicated to the memory of Jim Thomas, the book begins with the dynamics of evolving a vision based on some of the principles that Jim and colleagues established and in which Jim�s leadership was evident. This is followed by chapters in the areas of visual analytics, visualization, interaction, modelling, architecture, and virtual reality, before concluding with the key area of technology transfer to industry.
Dill, John; Earnshaw, Rae; Kasik, David; Vince, John; Wong, Pak C.
Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting Lighting Lighting When you're shopping for lightbulbs, compare lumens and use the Lighting Facts label to be sure you're getting the amount of light, or level of brightness, you want. You can save money and energy while lighting your home and still maintaining good light quantity and quality. Consider energy-efficient lighting options to use the same amount of light for less money. Learn strategies for comparing and buying lighting products and using them efficiently. Featured Lighting Choices to Save You Money Light your home for less money while using the same amount of light. How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents Energy-efficient light bulbs are available today and could save you about $50 per year in energy costs when you replace 15 traditional incandescent bulbs in your home.
Cell Operations and Process Control
Mar 5, 2013 ... Aluminum Reduction Technology: Cell Operations and Process Control Sponsored by: TMS Light Metals Division, TMS: Aluminum Committee
First Light
The first dwarf galaxies, which constitute the building blocks of the collapsed objects we find today in the Universe, had formed hundreds of millions of years after the big bang. This pedagogical review describes the early growth of their small-amplitude seed fluctuations from the epoch of inflation through dark matter decoupling and matter-radiation equality, to the final collapse and fragmentation of the dark matter on all mass scales above \\~10^{-4} solar masses. The condensation of baryons into halos in the mass range of ~10^5-10^{10} solar masses led to the formation of the first stars and the re-ionization of the cold hydrogen gas, left over from the big bang. The production of heavy elements by the first stars started the metal enrichment process that eventually led to the formation of rocky planets and life. A wide variety of instruments currently under design [including large-aperture infrared telescopes on the ground or in space (JWST), and low-frequency arrays for the detection of redshifted 21cm radiation], will establish better understanding of the first sources of light during an epoch in cosmic history that was largely unexplored so far. Numerical simulations of reionization are computationally challenging, as they require radiative transfer across large cosmological volumes as well as sufficently high resolution to identify the sources of the ionizing radiation. The technological challenges for observations and the computational challenges for numerical simulations, will motivate intense work in this field over the coming decade.
Abraham Loeb
An Assessment of Visual Testing
In response to increasing interest from nuclear utilities in replacing some volumetric examinations of nuclear reactor components with remote visual testing, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has examined the capabilities of remote visual testing for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This report describes visual testing and explores the visual acuities of the camera systems used to examine nuclear reactor components. The types and sizes of cracks typically found in nuclear reactor components are reviewed. The current standards in visual testing are examined critically, and several suggestions for improving these standards are proposed. Also proposed for future work is a round robin test to determine the effectiveness of visual tests and experimental studies to determine the values for magnification and resolution needed to reliably image very tight cracks.
Cumblidge, Stephen E.; Anderson, Michael T.; Doctor, Steven R.
Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs
Using LEDs to someone by E-mail Using LEDs to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Using LEDs on AddThis.com... Why SSL LED Basics OLED Basics Using LEDs R&D Challenges Market Challenges Using LEDs Resources Using LEDs to Their Best Advantage PDF Establishing LED Equivalency PDF LED Directional Lamps LED MR16 Lamps Recessed LED Downlights PDF General Service LED Lamps What to Ask - A Checklist for Buyers of LED Lighting Products More Resources With their unique design and performance characteristics-such as directional light emission, compact profile, superior optical control,
Proceedings from the 5th International Symposium on Light and Human Health: November 3-5, 2002, Orlando, Florida--EPRI Lighting Rese arch Office
The 5th EPRI/LRO Lighting Research Symposium (November, 2002) was organized to present and examine current research information on the subject of Light and Human Health in response to a growing sense that light -- both electric lighting and daylighting -- impacts human beings well beyond what has been traditionally studied as vision and visual performance. This Final Report of the Symposium is a collection of 23 presented and seven poster papers grouped under the following headings: I � Medical App...
Kinetics/Phase Transformations: Visualizations
VISUALS: Animation and video of solidification of solid crystals from a liquid ... JOM article including phase field and level set model animations, 0, 710, Cathy�...
Automated visual direction : LDRD 38623 final report.
Mobile manipulator systems used by emergency response operators consist of an articulated robot arm, a remotely driven base, a collection of cameras, and a remote communications link. Typically the system is completely teleoperated, with the operator using live video feedback to monitor and assess the environment, plan task activities, and to conduct the operations via remote control input devices. The capabilities of these systems are limited, and operators rarely attempt sophisticated operations such as retrieving and utilizing tools, deploying sensors, or building up world models. This project has focused on methods to utilize this video information to enable monitored autonomous behaviors for the mobile manipulator system, with the goal of improving the overall effectiveness of the human/robot system. Work includes visual servoing, visual targeting, utilization of embedded video in 3-D models, and improved methods of camera utilization and calibration.
Anderson, Robert J.
Knowledge Assisted Visualization: Knowledge-assisted visualization of seismic data
We present novel techniques for knowledge-assisted annotation and computer-assisted interpretation of seismic data for oil and gas exploration. We describe the existing procedure for oil and gas search which consists of manually extracting information ... Keywords: 2D textures, 3D textures, Illustrative visualization, Knowledge-assisted visualization, Rapid interpretation, Seismic interpretation
Daniel Patel; �yvind Sture; Helwig Hauser; Christopher Giertsen; M. Eduard Gr�ller
Morning Light | Open Energy Information
Morning Light Morning Light Jump to: navigation, search Name Morning Light Facility Morning Light Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner MidAmerican Energy Developer Clipper Windpower Development Company Energy Purchaser MidAmerican Energy Location Casey IA Coordinates 41.44819506°, -94.58280087° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.44819506,"lon":-94.58280087,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Hybrid Solar Lighting - Fiber Optics Brings Sunlight Inside
Hybrid solar lighting systems focus highly concentrated sunlight into a fiber optic bundle to provide sunlight in rooms without windows or conventional skylights. The flexible sunlight bundles are easily routed through small openings and around obstacles to carry the light to where it is needed. The optical fibers terminate in hybrid luminaires where the sunlight is combined with electric light that is automatically adjusted to keep the overall light level constant within the lighted area. The hybrid solar lighting concept was originally proposed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee in the mid-1990s, but funding hurdles prevented the idea from seeing daylight for more than five years. Hybrid solar lighting was touted as a means for using solar energy directly without any conversion losses and for increasing the visual quality of interior lighting. As such, it promised to be both energy-efficient and aesthetically appealing, but its technical complexity made potential sponsors wary. They had to be convinced that the lighting concept could be accepted into the marketplace and that the systems could be manufactured at an acceptable cost. An earlier fiber-coupled daylighting system marketed in the early 1990s used expensive quartz optical fibers to distribute the light and served only a niche market that was willing to pay a premium for the novelty. By contrast, the hybrid solar lighting system proposed using inexpensive plastic optical fibers to distribute the light to hybrid (sunlight/electric) luminaires that would be visually and functionally identical to conventional luminaires. In this way, the lighting could be integrated seamlessly into existing design concepts and thus easily embraced by architects and lighting designers as a means for offering daylight as a lighting option.
Maxey, L Curt [ORNL
Visual secret sharing for multiple secrets
Conventional visual secret sharing schemes are designed for a single secret image so it is inefficient to generate numerous share images for multiple secret images simultaneously. Therefore, a novel visual secret sharing scheme for multiple secret images ... Keywords: Multiple secret sharing, Visual cryptography, Visual pattern, Visual secret sharing
Jen-Bang Feng; Hsien-Chu Wu; Chwei-Shyong Tsai; Ya-Fen Chang; Yen-Ping Chu
Lighting Options for Homes.
This report covers many aspects of various lighting options for homes. Types of light sources described include natural light, artificial light, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and high intensity discharge lamps. A light source selection guide gives the physical characteristics of these, design considerations, and common applications. Color, strategies for efficient lighting, and types of lighting are discussed. There is one section giving tips for various situations in specific rooms. Rooms and types of fixtures are shown on a matrix with watts saved by using the recommended type lighting for that room and room location. A major emphasis of this report is saving energy by utilizing the most suitable, recommended lighting option. (BN)
Baker, W.S.
Mobile lighting apparatus
A mobile lighting apparatus includes a portable frame such as a moveable trailer or skid having a light tower thereon. The light tower is moveable from a stowed position to a deployed position. A hydrogen-powered fuel cell is located on the portable frame to provide electrical power to an array of the energy efficient lights located on the light tower.
Roe, George Michael; Klebanoff, Leonard Elliott; Rea, Gerald W; Drake, Robert A; Johnson, Terry A; Wingert, Steven John; Damberger, Thomas A; Skradski, Thomas J; Radley, Christopher James; Oros, James M; Schuttinger, Paul G; Grupp, David J; Prey, Stephen Carl
Examples of in transit visualization
One of the most pressing issues with petascale analysis is the transport of simulation results data to a meaningful analysis. Traditional workflow prescribes storing the simulation results to disk and later retrieving them for analysis and visualization. ... Keywords: in situ, in transit, parallel scientific visualization, staging
Kenneth Moreland; Ron Oldfield; Pat Marion; Sebastien Jourdain; Norbert Podhorszki; Venkatram Vishwanath; Nathan Fabian; Ciprian Docan; Manish Parashar; Mark Hereld; Michael E. Papka; Scott Klasky
Data Visualization Perceiving and Representing
Data Visualization Perceiving and Representing Structured Information using Objects #12;Data #12;Data Visualization Image Based vs Structure Theories s Template theories based on 2D image processing s In structural theories we extract the structure of a scene in terms of 3D primitives #12;Data
Chi, Ed Huai-hsin
Live visuals tutorial: part III
In this part of the course, we give a tutorial on how to compose live visuals. First, we talk about hardware and software setup needed for a live visual performance. Then we present concepts to prepare and organize huge media libraries allowing for instant ...
Pascal Mueller
Preliminary results from an advanced lighting controlstestbed
Preliminary results from a large-scale testbed of advanced lighting control technologies at the Phillip Burton Federal Building at 450 Golden Gate Ave. in San Francisco are presented. The first year objective of this project is to determine the sustainable energy savings and cost-effectiveness of different lighting control technologies compared to a portion of the building where only minimal controls are installed. The paper presents the analyzed results from six months of tests focused on accurately characterizing the energy savings potential of one type of daylight-linked lighting controls compared to the lighting in similar open-planned areas without dimming controls. After analyzing a half year;s data, we determined that the annual energy savings for this type of daylight- linked controls was 41% and 30% for the outer rows of lights on the South and North sides of the building, respectively. The annual energy savings dropped to 22% and 16% for the second row of lights for the South and North, respectively, and was negligible for the third rows of lights.
Avery, Douglas; Jennings, Judity; Rubinstein, Francis
New and Underutilized Technology: Spectrally Enhanced Lighting | Department
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting New and Underutilized Technology: Spectrally Enhanced Lighting October 4, 2013 - 4:50pm Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for spectrally enhanced lighting within the Federal sector. Benefits U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) research studies show that simply shifting the color of fluorescent lamps from the warmer yellow to the cooler blue end of the color spectrum allows people to see things more clearly and for spaces to appear brighter. By changing the light color to be more like daylight, lighting levels can be reduced to save energy while still achieving the same visual acuity. Conventional practices use lamps with correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3,000K to 4,100K. Spectrally enhanced lighting uses lamps with a CCT of
Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windowswith overhangs
DOE-2 building energy simulations were conducted to determine if there were practical architectural and control strategy solutions that would enable electrochromic (EC) windows to significantly improve visual comfort without eroding energy-efficiency benefits. EC windows were combined with overhangs since opaque overhangs provide protection from direct sun which EC windows are unable to do alone. The window wall was divided into an upper and lower aperture so that various combinations of overhang position and control strategies could be considered. The overhang was positioned either at the top of the upper window aperture or between the upper and lower apertures. Overhang depth was varied. EC control strategies were fully bleached at all times, modulated based on incident vertical solar radiation limits, or modulated to meet the design work plane illuminance with daylight. The EC performance was compared to a state-of-the-art spectrally selective low-e window with the same divided window wall, window size, and overhang as the EC configuration. The reference window was also combined with an interior shade which was manually deployed to control glare and direct sun. Both systems had the same daylighting control system to dim the electric lighting. Results were given for south-facing private offices in a typical commercial building. In hot and cold climates such as Houston and Chicago, EC windows with overhangs can significantly reduce the average annual daylight glare index (DGI) and deliver significant annual energy use savings if the window area is large. Total primary annual energy use was increased by 2-5% for moderate-area windows in either climate but decreased by 10% in Chicago and 5% in Houston for large-area windows. Peak electric demand can be reduced by 7-8% for moderate-area windows and by 14-16% for large-area windows in either climate. Energy and peak demand reductions can be significantly greater if the reference case does not have exterior shading or state-of-the-art glass.
Lee, E.S.; Tavil, A.
EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.p...
Electronic High-Intensity Discharge Lighting
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the most promising controllable energy efficient light source electronic high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting. Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the upcoming growth of the HID lamp and electronic HID ballast market. Future technical improvements are emphasized along with discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from magnetically-ballasted HID lighting to higher efficiency electronic HID l...
Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 1993 (Revision 1)
This series of guidelines, originally published in 1990 by the California Energy Commission, provides both technical and practical information about energy-efficient lighting equipment and design techniques. This revised version updates the 1990 information and adds four new sections on lighting controls and daylighting. EPRI's cofunding and publication of these guidelines will facilitate utility access to this information, resulting in increased lighting quality and energy efficiency.
Lighting Energy Efficiency in Parking Campaign
Lighting Energy Efficiency in Parking Lighting Energy Efficiency in Parking (LEEP) Campaign Linda Sandahl Pacific Northwest National Laboratory email@example.com (503) 417-7554 April 2, 2013 LEEP Campaign 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives: Problem Statement While new lighting technologies such as LEDs have the potential for energy savings of 75%, or more when paired with controls, there are both technology and market-related challenges. Technology Challenges
Lighting Group: What's New
What's New What's New in the Lighting Group For more information on what's new in the Lighting Group, please contact: Francis Rubinstein Lighting Group Leader (510) 486-4096...
Light in the city
This thesis focuses on enhancing the awareness of light for the pedestrian,and using light as a way of revealing the structure of the city and its relation to the cosmos. It proposes that aesthetic qualities of light inform ...
Srinivasan, Kavita, 1976-
Specific light in sculpture
Specific light is defined as light from artificial or altered natural sources. The use and manipulation of light in three dimensional sculptural work is discussed in an historic and contemporary context. The author's work ...
Powell, John William
Determining Progression in Glaucoma Using Visual Fields
The standardized visual field assessment, which measures visual function in 76 locations of the central visual area, is an important diagnostic tool in the treatment of the eye disease glaucoma. It helps determine whether the disease is stable or progressing ...
Andrew Turpin; Eibe Frank; Mark Hall; Ian H. Witten; Chris A. Johnson
Toolkits for visualizing co-authorship graph
Visualization eases insight into complex systems such as co-authorship networks. We present an initial deployment of an author navigator application for convenient visual examination of JCDL and LANL co--authorship networks. Keywords: co-authorship, visualization
Xiaoming Liu; Johan Bollen; Michael L. Nelson; Herbert Van de Sompel; Jeremy Hussell; Rick Luce; Linn Marks
Prospects for LED lighting.
Solid-state lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has the potential to reduce energy consumption for lighting by 50% while revolutionizing the way we illuminate our homes, work places, and public spaces. Nevertheless, substantial technical challenges remain in order for solid-state lighting to significantly displace the well-developed conventional lighting technologies. We review the potential of LED solid-state lighting to meet the long-term cost goals.
Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Gee, James Martin; Simmons, Jerry Alvon
Incandescent Lighting Basics | Department of Energy
Incandescent Lighting Basics Incandescent Lighting Basics Incandescent Lighting Basics August 16, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis Incandescent lamps operate simply by heating a metal filament inside a bulb filled with inert gas. Because they operate directly on variety of common power types including common household alternating current or direct current such as batteries or automobiles, they do not require a special power supply or ballast. They turn on up instantly, providing a warm light with excellent color rendition because the light is produced in much the same way as the light from the sun. They can also be easily dimmed using inexpensive controls and are available in a staggering variety of shapes and sizes. However, incandescent lamps have a low efficacy (10-17 lumens per watt) compared with other lighting options and a short average
Composite Lighting Simulations with Lighting Networks
A whole variety of different techniques for simulating global illumination in virtual environments have been developed over recent years. Each technique, including Radiosity, Monte-Carlo ray- or photon tracing, and directional-dependent Radiance computations, is best suited for simulating only some special case environments. None of these techniques is currently able to efficiently simulate all important lighting effects in non-trivial scenes. In this paper, we describe a new approach for efficiently combining different global illumination algorithms to yield a composite lighting simulation: Lighting Networks. Lighting Networks can exploit the advantages of each algorithm and can combine them in such a way as to simulate lighting effects that could only be computed at great costs by any single algorithm. Furthermore, this approach allows a user to configure the Lighting Network to compute only specific lighting effects that are important for a given task, while avoiding a costly simulation of the full global illumination in a scene. We show how the light paths computed by a Lighting Network can be described using regular expressions. This mapping allows us to analyze the composite lighting simulation and ensure completeness and redundant-free computations. Several examples demonstrate the advantages and unique lighting effects that can be obtained using this technique. 1
Philipp Slusallek; Marc Stamminger; Wolfgang Heidrich; Jan-Christian Popp; Hans-peter Seidel
Lighting Group: Links
Links Links Links Organizations Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) International Commission on Illumination (CIE) International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) International Association of Energy-Efficient Lighting Lightfair International Energy Agency - Task 21: Daylight in Buildings: Design Tools and Performance Analysis International Energy Agency - Task 31: Daylighting Buildings in 21st Century National Association on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) National Association of Independent Lighting Distributors (NAILD) International Association of Lighting Management Companies (NALMCO) Research Centers California Lighting Technology Center Lighting Research Center Lighting Research at Canada Institute for Research in Construction
Light Metals 2010
Feb 1, 2010 ... Softcover book: Light Metals 2008 Volume 2: Aluminum Reduction. Hardcover book and CD-ROM: Light Metals 2009�...
Properties of Light
... Scattering of Light. Exploration: Sunset in a glass. ... How would you design a camera that could see through a sand storm? Invisible Light. ...
Lighting | Open Energy Information
Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Lighting Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Lighting Incentives...
Lighting Systems Test Facilities
Measurement equipment with light beam Lighting Systems Test Facilities NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be...
Lighting and Daylighting
Buildings can be lit in two ways: by using artificial lighting, or by using daylighting, or the process of using natural sunlight, windows, and skylights to provide lighting.
Looking For Light.
??In my search for the way light can dictate the overall expression of an image, I have found that light is the means that activates� (more)
Lindholm, Kevin R.
LBNL Lighting Research Group
LED and ballast berkeley lamp workstation light switch Overview | What's New | Publications | Software | Facilities | People | Contact Us | Links Sources and Ballasts | Light...
Lighting and Daylighting Basics
Light Laboratory, Inc.
Hubbell Lighting Photometric Laboratory
Energy Efficient Lighting Products
... Road Vista, San Diego, CA [200823- 0] Light Laboratory, Inc ... GA. CSA Group, Alpharetta, GA [200732- 0] Cooper Lighting Photometric Laboratory ...
Plant and Lighting
publicationshouseplantligh t.html Sincerely, Anthony R. Brach "Artificial" light comes from many kinds of bulbs that emit different wavelengths of light; Many plants...
Angle Limit," Phys. Rev. Lett., 99: 134801 (2007). 33 Researchers Produce Firsts with Bursts of Light BNL researchers have generated extremely short pulses of light that are the...
Hybrid solar lighting distribution systems and components
A hybrid solar lighting distribution system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates all components.
Muhs, Jeffrey D. (Lenoir City, TN); Earl, Dennis D. (Knoxville, TN); Beshears, David L. (Knoxville, TN); Maxey, Lonnie C. (Powell, TN); Jordan, John K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lind, Randall F. (Lenoir City, TN)
Hybrid solar lighting systems and components
A hybrid solar lighting system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates each component.
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF...
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF Jump to: navigation, search Name Cree LED Lighting Solutions (Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures (LLF)) Place...
Visualization Tools for Lattice QCD - Final Report
Our research project is about the development of visualization tools for Lattice QCD. We developed various tools by extending existing libraries, adding new algorithms, exposing new APIs, and creating web interfaces (including the new NERSC gauge connection web site). Our tools cover the full stack of operations from automating download of data, to generating VTK #12;files (topological charge, plaquette, Polyakov lines, quark and meson propagators, currents), to turning the VTK #12;files into images, movies, and web pages. Some of the tools have their own web interfaces. Some Lattice QCD visualization have been created in the past but, to our knowledge, our tools are the only ones of their kind since they are general purpose, customizable, and relatively easy to use. We believe they will be valuable to physicists working in the #12;field. They can be used to better teach Lattice QCD concepts to new graduate students; they can be used to observe the changes in topological charge density and detect possible sources of bias in computations; they can be used to observe the convergence of the algorithms at a local level and determine possible problems; they can be used to probe heavy-light mesons with currents and determine their spatial distribution; they can be used to detect corrupted gauge configurations. There are some indirect results of this grant that will benefit a broader audience than Lattice QCD physicists.
Massimo Di Pierro
Solutions for Data Visualization and Image Analysis
Feb 7, 2007 ... The link provided accesses an interactive index of computation, data analysis, and visualization tools by ITT Visual Information Solutions.
NREL: Energy Systems Integration - Visualization of Electric...
Visualization of Electric Power System Information Workshop The Energy Systems Integration Facility workshop, Visualization of Electric Power System Information, was held September...
Visualization of Microearthquake Data from Enhanced Geothermal...
Visualization Microearthquake Visualization of Microearthquake Data from Enhanced Geothermal Systems microearthquake.png We are working with geophysicists in the Earth Sciences...
A light control system for a television camera which adjusts the power to lamps illuminating the camera viewing area to provide only sufficient artificial illumination necessary to keep the camera iris substantially open is described.
Cawthorne, D.C.
Solid-State Lighting: Registration
Lighting: Registration on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Solid-State Lighting: Postings
Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Incandescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Incandescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis Incandescent lighting is the most common type of lighting used in homes. Incandescent lamps operate...
Hanford Site lighting occupancy sensor study
This study was designed to assess the potential energy savings from the use of lighting occupancy sensor control in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site office facilities. The final results of the study provide useful information for assessing cost-effective use of occupancy sensor lighting control. The results also include specific application data for Hanford Site office building spaces that indicate where sensor technology could be applied for cost-effective energy savings.
Richman, E.E.; Dittmer, A.L.; Keller, J.M.
Two-phase flow visualization and relative permeability measurement in transparent replicas of rough-walled rock fractures
Understanding and quantifying multi-phase flow in fractures is important for mathematical and numerical simulation of geothermal reservoirs, nuclear waste repositories, and petroleum reservoirs. While the cubic law for single-phase flow has been well established for parallel-plate fractures theoretically and experimentally, no reliable measurements of multi-phase flow in fractures have been reported. This work reports the design and fabrication of an apparatus for visualization of two-phase flow and for measurement of gas-liquid relative permeability in realistic rough-walled rock fractures. A transparent replica of a natural rock fracture from a core specimen is fabricated by molding and casting in clear epoxy. Simultaneous flow of gas and liquid with control of capillary pressure at inlet and outlet is achieved with the Hassler sandwich'' design: liquid is injected to the fracture through a porous block, while gas is injected directly to the edge of the fracture through channels in the porous block. A similar arrangement maintains capillary separation of the two phases at the outlet. Pressure drops in each phase across the fracture, and capillary pressures at the inlet and outlet, are controlled by means of pumps and needle valves, and are measured by differential and absolute pressure transducers. The clear epoxy cast of the natural fracture preserves the geometry of the fracture and permits visual observation of phase distributions. The fracture aperture distribution can be estimated by filling the fracture with a dyed liquid, and making pointwise measurements of the intensity of transmitted light.
Persoff, P.; Pruess, K.; Myer, L.
Opportunities for Visual Resource Management in the Southern Appalachian Coal Basin1
Opportunities for Visual Resource Management in the Southern Appalachian Coal Basin1 John W) in the southern Appalachian coal basin resulting from the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. It focuses been concerned with the visual impacts resulting from the surface mined coal the agency purchases
Standiford, Richard B.
When to Turn Off Your Lights | Department of Energy
When to Turn Off Your Lights When to Turn Off Your Lights When to Turn Off Your Lights August 30, 2012 - 7:53pm Addthis The cost effectiveness of when to turn off lights depends on the type of lights and the price of electricity. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/kyoshino. The cost effectiveness of when to turn off lights depends on the type of lights and the price of electricity. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto.com/kyoshino. What does this mean for me? The type of lights and the price of electricity determine whether it's best to turn lights off when you leave a room. Consider using sensors, timers, and other automatic lighting controls. The cost effectiveness of when to turn off lights depends on the type of bulb and the cost of electricity. The type of lightbulb you use is
Flash protection controller
A controller provides a high voltage to maintain an electro-optic shutter in a transparent condition until a flash of light which would be harmful to personnel is sensed by a phototransistor. The controller then shorts the shutter to ground to minimize light transmission to the user and maintains light transmission at the pre-flash level for a predetermined time to allow the flash to subside. A log converter and differential trigger circuit keep the controller from being triggered by other light flashes which are not dangerous.
Galbraith, L.K.
Galbraith, Lee K. (Mountain View, CA)
Demo: visual mimo based LED - camera communication applied to automobile safety
The inherent limitations in RF spectrum availability and susceptibility to interference make it difficult to meet the reliability required for automotive safety applications. To address this challenge, this work explores an alternative communication system called Visual MIMO that uses light emitting arrays as transmitters and cameras as receivers. Visual MIMO applied to vehicular communication proposes to reuse existing LED rear and headlights as transmitters and existing cameras (e.g. those used for parking assistance, rear-view cameras) as receivers. In this work we show a proof of concept based demonstration of the Visual MIMO system consisting of an LED transmitter array and a highspeed camera.
Michael Varga; Ashwin Ashok; Marco Gruteser; Narayan M; Wenjia Yuan; Kristin Dana
Light brown apple moth�s arrival in California worries commodity groups
DG. 1991. Integrated control of light brown apple moth, Epi-and Ag- riculture. 2007a. Light brown apple moth host list.6 p. CDFA. 2007b. Light brown apple moth project:
Varela, Lucia G.; Johnson, Marshall W; Strand, Larry; Wilen, Cheryl A; Pickel, Carolyn
Lighting Research Group
Lighting Research Group overview what's new publications software facilities people contact us links...
Light modulating device
In a device for transmitting light, means for controlling the transmissivity of the device, including a ceramic, reversibly electrochromic, crystalline element having a highly reflective state when injected with electrons and charge compensating ions and a highly transmissive state when the electrons and ions are removed, the crystalline element being characterized as having a reflectivity of at least 50% in the reflective state and not greater than 10% in the transmissive state, and means for modulating the crystalline element between the reflective and transmissive states by injecting ions into the crystalline element in response to an applied electrical current of a first polarity and removing the ions in response to an applied electrical current of a second polarity are disclosed. 1 fig.
Rauh, R.D.; Goldner, R.B.
Dynamic visualization of data streams
One embodiment of the present invention includes a data communication subsystem to receive a data stream, and a data processing subsystem responsive to the data communication subsystem to generate a visualization output based on a group of data vectors corresponding to a first portion of the data stream. The processing subsystem is further responsive to a change in rate of receipt of the data to modify the visualization output with one or more other data vectors corresponding to a second portion of the data stream as a function of eigenspace defined with the group of data vectors. The system further includes a display device responsive to the visualization output to provide a corresponding visualization.
Wong, Pak Chung (Richalnd, WA); Foote, Harlan P. (Richland, WA); Adams, Daniel R. (Kennewick, WA); Cowley, Wendy E. (Richland, WA); Thomas, James J. (Richland, WA)
Visualization of truth tables - CECM
Nov 19, 1997 ... Visualization of truth tables. The Figures are computer-generated tables that show the value 1 as being represented by a black pixel and 0 by a�...
Energy and lighting decisions
This report reviews the fundamental principles of lighting and uses them to evaluate energy-conserving lighting equipment and techniques. The selection of the proper lighting components and systems is complex, requiring a knowledge of the characteristics of light sources and their interactions with the auxiliary equipment and the environment. Furthermore, there are subjective aspects of lighting that are difficult to quantify. We address the simplistic way in which lighting is commonly approached, then present an argument as to the critical nature of the lighting decision. In the final sections we discuss and evaluate lighting equipment in terms of its applications and characteristics. Familiarity with the fundamental characteristics of the elements of lighting equipment will also permit more judicious appraisal and use of lighting concepts that may be introduced in the future. 6 figs., 9 tabs.
Visualization and data analysis outbrief
Ahrens, James P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Monroe, Laura M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tomlinson, Robert D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodgers, David [SNL; Springmeyer, Becky [LLNL; Harrison, Cyrus [LLNL; Pavlakos, Dino [SNL
Lighting Inventory Lighting Theatre and Drama
Strand Basic Palette 400 channel 800 attrib. 1 Strand Lighting 200 Series 24/48 1 1 MicroVision 2 HORIZON
Indiana University
Underground-coal-mine lighting handbook. Part 1. Background. Information Circular/1986
This Bureau of Mines report and its companion report (Information Circular 9074) were prepared as a complete reference on underground-coal-mine lighting. The report discusses the fundamentals of light and its interrelationship with the visual process. The purpose of the report is to insure an understanding of the numerous complex and interrelated factors that must be considered to design and implement a mine lighting system that will satisfy human needs for good vision and comfort. Topics include history, objectives, and technical considerations of coal-mine lighting; light physics; light and vision relationships; and disability and discomfort glare.
Lewis, W.H.
Lighting Retrofit Study
The Lighting Retrofit Study was an effort to determine the most cost-effective methods of retrofitting several configurations of lighting systems at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). We developed a test protocol to compare a variety of lighting technologies for their applicability in labs and offices and designed and constructed a novel lighting contrast potential meter to allow for comparison of lighting quality as well as quantity.
Kromer, S.; Morse, O.; Siminovitch, M.
List of Lighting Incentives | Open Energy Information
Incentives Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 1032 Lighting Incentives. CSV (rows 1-500) CSV (rows 501-1000) CSV (rows 1001-1032) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP (Central and North) - CitySmart Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Schools Boilers Central Air conditioners Chillers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Custom/Others pending approval Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls Furnaces Heat pumps Lighting Lighting Controls/Sensors Motor VFDs Motors Roofs Windows Yes AEP (Central, North and SWEPCO) - Commercial Solutions Program (Texas) Utility Rebate Program Texas Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government
Cine-anim�: adaptations of realistic lighting styles
Anim�, a style of Japanese animation, has begun to evolve into more than a simple animation. The stories found in anim� have reached a level of complexity similar to traditional cinema. However, lighting in anim�, has been minimal. Using computers to create anim�, rather than creating it traditionally by hand, has allowed greater opportunities to be creative with lighting. Color and computer-generated (CG) effects can be integrated with traditional line drawings to create beautiful images in anim�. Since cinematic lighting exhibits some of the finest examples of lighting, this thesis will analyze lighting styles from three different cinematographers and adapt them to three anim??e style scenes in 3D. The scenes will be modeled, lit, and rendered using Alias/Wavefront MAYATM, and textured using Adobe PhotoshopTM. The result will be a visual CG piece that adapts the lighting style of certain distinctive cinematographers, while retaining the look of anim�.
Trinh, Ellen Man Ngoc
Front lighted optical tooling method and apparatus
An optical tooling method and apparatus uses a front lighted shadowgraphic technique to enhance visual contrast of reflected light. The apparatus includes an optical assembly including a fiducial mark, such as cross hairs, reflecting polarized light with a first polarization, a polarizing element backing the fiducial mark and a reflective surface backing the polarizing element for reflecting polarized light bypassing the fiducial mark and traveling through the polarizing element. The light reflected by the reflecting surface is directed through a second pass of the polarizing element toward the frontal direction with a polarization differing from the polarization of the light reflected by the fiducial mark. When used as a tooling target, the optical assembly may be mounted directly to a reference surface or may be secured in a mounting, such as a magnetic mounting. The optical assembly may also be mounted in a plane defining structure and used as a spherometer in conjunction with an optical depth measuring instrument. A method of measuring a radius of curvature of an unknown surface includes positioning the spherometer on a surface between the surface and a depth measuring optical instrument. As the spherometer is frontally illuminated, the distance from the depth measuring instrument to the fiducial mark and the underlying surface are alternately measured and the difference in these measurements is used as the sagittal height to calculate a radius of curvature.
Stone, William J. (Kansas City, MO)
Alliant Energy Interstate Power and Light - Farm Equipment Energy...
Equipment, Ceiling Fan, Clothes Washers, CustomOthers pending approval, Dishwasher, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Equipment Insulation, Heat recovery, Lighting,...
Solid-State Lighting: 2011 Municipal Consortium Southwest Region...
and Market Assessment of Networked Outdoor Lighting Controls Mark Rehley, NEEA; Jordan Shackelford, Energy Solutions MSSLC Specification for Remote Monitoring and...
Increased Energy Cost (B$) @ $0.10 per kWh Decrease Energytypical energy costs ($0.05 to $0.10 per kWh), and standardand for energy costs of $0.05 and $0.10 per kWh for four
Part Power Transistor Small Transistor Transformer Allimitations for transformers and IC-based power conversion
Cost Floor Space Cost per square foot 800,000 square feet hrCOST FLOOR SPACE COST PER SQUARE FOOT square feet 5.2.4$ 1.85 per square foot, respectively, for a cost-effective
Lighting Control System - Phase Cut Carrier
Berkeley Lab researchers estimate that the system would cost about a dollar per square foot to install in existing ... of 20 cents per square foot per ...
A New Dawn for Lighting Control
- Moving the intelligence into the fixture - Completely distributed, fault-tolerant, retrofit friendly solution - User-centric approach increases productivity and maximizes...
Department of Energy, Washington DC, 2005. [6] WashingtonEnergy, Building Technologies Program, Washington DC,Energy, Building Technologies Program, Washington DC,
usage exceeds 3500 hours annually. Lumen Depreciation Lightinglighting systems using new technologies will be avail- able in the mid 1980s). The projected energy usage
utilities, and national energy consumption. The finaland the effect on our national energy consumption. The majorwill reduce national electrical energy consumption. For an
VisIOn: an interactive visualization ontology
VisIOn (Interactive Visualization Ontology) is a web application designed to categorize and store information about Software Visualization (SV) systems, in a way that can be easily searched and used for comparison. VisIOn will allow users and developers ... Keywords: algorithm animation, effectiveness, ontology, program visualization, repository, software visualization, taxonomy
Philippa Rhodes; Eileen Kraemer; Bina Reed
Visual Analytics at the Pacific Northwest
customers. The success of PNNL's information visualization software, such as IN-SPIRETM and StarlightTM, and publications in top visualization journals and conference proceedings are the results of PNNL researchers with a focus on analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. PNNL's visual analytics team
Mondrian: an agile information visualization framework
Data visualization is the process of representing data as pictures to support reasoning about the underlying data. For the interpretation to be as easy as possible, we need to be as close as possible to the original data. As most visualization tools ... Keywords: graph visualization, model transformation, software visualization
Michael Meyer; Tudor G�rba; Mircea Lungu
A python based 4d visualization environment
One of the challenges in 4D math visualization is to develop an interactive and integrated computational environment to quick-prototype, simulate, and experiment with the abstract mathematical concepts. We have investigated several areas in 4D visualization ... Keywords: 4D visualization, Python, math visualization
Lin Jing; Xipei Huang; Yiwen Zhong; Yin Wu; Hui Zhang
Information Resources: Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting
Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting Pedestrian-Friendly Nighttime Lighting This November 19, 2013 webinar presented issues and considerations related to pedestrian-friendly nighttime lighting, such as color rendering, safety, and adaptation. When it comes to outdoor lighting, the industry has understandably focused on footcandles and uniformity, efficacy, pole spacing, and cutoff-but those are not the chief criteria for all neighborhoods. Presenter Naomi Miller of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory discussed the types of communities and spaces that should consider pedestrian-friendly outdoor lighting, what pedestrian-friendly lighting looks like, the basic principles of glare control, color and visibility, and metrics. View the presentation slides View the text-alternative version
Method and apparatus for dimming fluorescent lights
This patent describes a dimmer for fluorescent lights that utilizes the standard ballast associated with the lights, comprising: means for controlling the transmission of the normal line A.C. voltage sine wave to the ballast. This is done so that the A.C. voltage is connected to the ballast for only a selectable period of time during each half cycle of the sine wave and is blocked during the remaining period of each half cycle thereby controlling the power supplied to the discharge portion of the lights to control brightness; and means for applying a high frequency voltage signal to the ballast during at least a portion of the time period when the A.C. signal to the ballast is blocked thereby supplying additional power to the filaments of lights.
Clark, R.
represents high usage of an engine and the violet end represents low usage. A light blue coloring represents from red to light blue), and slowly increase their usage of engine A. The seventh row show a patternModeling Long-Term Search Engine Usage Ryen W. White, Ashish Kapoor, and Susan T. Dumais Microsoft
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting
November 2007 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 1 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Brian Liebel, PE, LC Brian Liebel, PE, LC November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 29 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 2 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting This is not a technology; just a This is not a technology; just a different way to quantify light based on different way to quantify light based on well established scientific findings well established scientific findings Can be used in conjunction with ANY Can be used in conjunction with ANY type of lighting design to gain
LED Lighting | Department of Energy
LED Lighting LED Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:07am Addthis Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are...
Lighting in Residential and Commercial Buildings (1993 and 1995 data) --
Light Type Used > Related Goverment Sites Light Type Used > Related Goverment Sites Links to Related Government Sites Publications list from U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Federal Energy Management Programs (FEMP) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Green Lights Program Updated FLEX 3.0 Lighting software solution available from U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Federal Energy Management Programs Section 3.4 on Lighting and Section 7.2 on Lighting Control can be obtained at this site U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Federal Energy Management Programs lights basic training will be completed in FY '98 Lighting mailing list for exchange of information on lighting issues Lights in commercial buildings in the 21st Century List of major areas of expertise at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, illustrated with specific projects
Table-top computed lighting for practical digital photography
Abstract�We apply simplified image-based lighting methods to reduce the equipment, cost, time, and specialized skills required for high-quality photographic lighting of desktop-sized static objects such as museum artifacts. We place the object and a computersteered moving-head spotlight inside a simple foam-core enclosure and use a camera to record photos as the light scans the box interior. Optimization, guided by interactive user sketching, selects a small set of these photos whose weighted sum best matches the user-defined target sketch. Unlike previous image-based relighting efforts, our method requires only a single area light source, yet it can achieve high-resolution light positioning to avoid multiple sharp shadows. A reduced version uses only a handheld light and may be suitable for battery-powered field photography equipment that fits into a backpack. Index Terms�Image-based lighting, enclosure lighting, handheld lighting, controllable lighting, digital photography. 1
Ankit Mohan; Reynold Bailey; Jonathan Waite; Jack Tumblin; Cindy Grimm; Bobby Bodenheimer; Senior Member
Methods for measuring work surface illuminance in adaptive solid state lighting networks
The inherent control flexibility implied by solid-state lighting - united with the rich details offered by sensor networks - prompts us to rethink lighting control. In this research, we propose several techniques for ...
Lee, Byungkun
Using simple light sensors to achieve smart daylight harvesting
Lighting is the largest single energy consumer in commercial buildings. In this paper, we demonstrate how to improve the effectiveness of daylight harvesting with a single light sensor on each window. Our system automatically infers the window orientation ... Keywords: building energy, lighting control, wireless sensor networks
Jiakang Lu; Dagnachew Birru; Kamin Whitehouse
Inverse Lighting for Photography
We introduce a technique for improving photographs using inverse lighting, a new process based on algorithms developed in computer graphics for computing the reflection of light in 3D space. From a photograph and a 3D surface model for the object pictured, inverse lighting estimates the directional distribution of the incident light. We then use this information to process the photograph digitally to alter the lighting on the object. Inverse lighting is a specific example of the general idea of inverse rendering. This refers to the practice of using the methods of computer graphics, which normally are used to render images from scene information, to infer scene information from images. Our system uses physically based rendering technology to construct a linear least squares system that we solve to find the lighting. As an application, the results are then used to simulate a change in the incident light in the photograph. An implementation is described that uses 3D models from a laser...
Stephen R. Marschner; Donald P. Greenberg
Fast Light, Fast Neutrinos?
Light has been observed with group velocities both faster and slower than the speed of light. The recent report from OPERA of superluminal 17 GeV neutrinos may describe a similar phenomenon.
Cahill, Kevin
Light Wavelength and Plants
Light Wavelength and Plants Name: John Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: I just was wandering whether plants grow better in artificial light or in sunlight. I am...
Germinating and Light
Germinating and Light Name: Chris Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Can you tell me how plants determine where the light is once they are out of the soil and not a...
Madrid Electric Lighting Report
Electric Lighting Quality Page 1 of 2 ELECTRIC LIGHTING QUALITY MAGIC BOX is a versatile home. Its design allows to change the room size by opening and closing the movable walls...
Lighting energy audit workbook
A simple test to determine the need for a lighting energy audit is followed by how-to information on conducting the audit, identifying savings opportunities, and developing an energy management plan for lighting.
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting
Solid-State Lighting Search Solid-State Lighting Search Search Help Solid-State Lighting HOME ABOUT THE PROGRAM R&D PROJECTS MARKET-BASED PROGRAMS SSL BASICS INFORMATION RESOURCES FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES EERE » Building Technologies Office » Solid-State Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards.
PFP Emergency Lighting Study
NFPA 101, section 5-9 mandates that, where required by building classification, all designated emergency egress routes be provided with adequate emergency lighting in the event of a normal lighting outage. Emergency lighting is to be arranged so that egress routes are illuminated to an average of 1.0 footcandle with a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle, as measured at floor level. These levels are permitted to drop to 60% of their original value over the required 90 minute emergency lighting duration after a power outage. The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) has two designations for battery powered egress lights ''Emergency Lights'' are those battery powered lights required by NFPA 101 to provide lighting along officially designated egress routes in those buildings meeting the correct occupancy requirements. Emergency Lights are maintained on a monthly basis by procedure ZSR-12N-001. ''Backup Lights'' are battery powered lights not required by NFPA, but installed in areas where additional light may be needed. The Backup Light locations were identified by PFP Safety and Engineering based on several factors. (1) General occupancy and type of work in the area. Areas occupied briefly during a shiftly surveillance do not require backup lighting while a room occupied fairly frequently or for significant lengths of time will need one or two Backup lights to provide general illumination of the egress points. (2) Complexity of the egress routes. Office spaces with a standard hallway/room configuration will not require Backup Lights while a large room with several subdivisions or irregularly placed rooms, doors, and equipment will require Backup Lights to make egress safer. (3) Reasonable balance between the safety benefits of additional lighting and the man-hours/exposure required for periodic light maintenance. In some plant areas such as building 236-Z, the additional maintenance time and risk of contamination do not warrant having Backup Lights installed in all rooms. Sufficient light for egress is provided by existing lights located in the hallways.
Visualization | OpenEI Community
78 78 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142234778 Varnish cache server Visualization Home Sfederspiel's picture Submitted by Sfederspiel(5) Member 20 May, 2013 - 13:28 Introducing FRED, Enabling Unique Visualization and Manipulation of Energy Data at Multiple Scales FRED Free Energy Data Map OpenEI Tool Visualization The U.S. Department of Energy, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the Planetary Skin Institute recently released a new open platform
TMS Light Metals Publication
The following instructions should be used when submitting a manuscript for any TMS Light Metals proceedings volume. INTRODUCTION. Orientation to�...
Energy conserving automatic light output system
An energy conserving lighting system is provided wherein a plurality of fluorescent lamps are powered by a poorly regulated voltage source power supply which provides a decreasing supply voltage with increasing arc current so as to generally match the volt-ampere characteristics of the lamps. A transistor ballast and control circuit connected in the arc current path controls the arc current, and hence the light output, in accordance with the total ambient light, i.e., the light produced by the lamps together with whatever further light is produced by other sources such as daylight. In another embodiment, a transistor ballast is utilized in combination with an inductive ballast. The transistor ballast provides current control over a wide dynamic range up to a design current maximum at which maximum the transistor is saturated and the inductive ballast takes over the current limiting function. An operational amplifier is preferably connected in the base biassing circuit of the control transistor of the transistor ballast. In an embodiment wherein two sets of lamps with separate inductive ballasts are provided, the arc currents for the two ballasts are scaled or matched to provide the desired light output.
Widmayer, D.F.
Lighting management casebook
Fifteen examples illustrate how lighting system projects can save energy as well as improve productivity and safety. The case histories include the use of programmable lighting, fiber optics, skylights, voltage reduction, ultrasonic and infrared sensors, and other strategies for improving lighting efficiency. Each case history includes the management approach, site information, and applications. (DCK)
Advanced Lighting Guidelines
Information about energy-effective lighting technologies is required to be updated as old technologies become obsolete and new technologies begin to make important market impacts. Providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art update of lighting technology application and information is necessary to ensure that lighting decision-makers have the best possible information available at all times.
Energy conserving practices in providing lighting for today's buildings are examined in this second of a two-part presentation. Discussion on light source characteristics, ballast characteristics for gaseous discharge lamps, quality and the cost of lighting, and equivalent sphere illumination are included.
Industrial Lighting Techniques and New Developments
The energy crisis of the early seventies has had a drastic influence on both the application and development of light sources. This situation has forced us to examine old methods and search for new answers for improved efficiency. We can no longer operate on the premise that more is better. At lower light levels a lighting design is less forgiving. The current thrust in lamp and luminare design has been high efficiency. Tremendous effort has been expended to produce energy efficient sources that deliver better color, improved optical control, and reduced lamp size. Given that we must operate in this arena of heightened energy awareness and that lighting, by its very nature, becomes a prime candidate for reduction, we must not lose sight of the fundamental reason for lighting to provide the ability for us to see details to perform specific tasks. The heart of an industrial plant is the production area. A myriad of tasks must be accomplished. Lighting is installed for humans, not machines. The eye can only adapt to a degree and accommodate a variety of conditions; i.e., color, texture, etc. Higher light levels are required as an individual�s age increases. It has also been confirmed in many studies that light levels directly affect performance. People who have sufficient quantity and quality of illumination can accomplish their work faster and more accurately. A delicate balance lies between energy efficient lighting and under and over-lit spaces. This balance is with the fundamental lighting goal. Any formula to maintain this balance should include two vital factors: First, light output for levels and quality determined by proper task analysis and second, control by design which utilizes the best source and equipment available.
Colotti, M. A.
New and Underutilized Technology: High Bay LED Lighting | Department of
High Bay LED Lighting High Bay LED Lighting New and Underutilized Technology: High Bay LED Lighting October 7, 2013 - 8:55am Addthis The following information outlines key deployment considerations for high bay LED lighting within the Federal sector. Benefits LED light sources offer several potential benefits compared to metal halide or fluorescent lighting, including reduced energy consumption due to the ability to provide a more precise light distribution; longer operating life and lower maintenance requirements; less heat introduced into the space; and greater controllability for dimming and on/off control. Relevant to the cold storage application, LED performance improves in colder temperatures. Application High bay LED lighting is applicable for facilities containing high bay
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts: LED Task Light
light The goal of this project is to accelerate the use of energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) technology for general lighting applications by developing a task lamp...
Resonant energy transfer in light harvesting and light emitting applications.
??The performance of light emitting and light harvesting devices is improved by utilising resonant energy transfer. In lighting applications, the emission energy of a semiconductor� (more)
Chanyawadee, Soontorn
LIGHT FORCE: An Exploration of Light through Design.
??What falls into the realm of light and what it means to design and the human experience? Can light be material? How does light change� (more)
Chen, Tzu
Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting...
Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions on Facebook Tweet about...
Duquesne Light Company - Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency
Duquesne Light Company - Commercial and Industrial Energy Duquesne Light Company - Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program Duquesne Light Company - Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Schools State Government Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Commercial Weatherization Manufacturing Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info State Pennsylvania Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Custom: Varies Lighting: Varies widely by type Controls and Sensors: $10-$75 VFD for Chilled Water Loop $150/hp VFD for HVAC Fans: $80/hp Packaged Terminal AC: $45-$75/ton Food Service Equipment: Varies widely by type Refrigeration Equipment: Varies widely by type
Lighting Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards. Register Now for DOE's 11th Annual SSL R&D Workshop January 28-30, join other SSL R&D professionals from industry, government, and academia to learn, share, and shape the future of lighting.
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts
About the About the Program Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on AddThis.com... Contacts Partnerships Solid-State Lighting Contacts For information about Solid-State Lighting, contact James Brodrick Lighting Program Manager Building Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos
Solid-State Lighting Videos to Solid-State Lighting Videos to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Solid-State Lighting Videos On this page you can access DOE Solid-State Lighting (SSL) Program videos. Photo of a museum art gallery with LED lights in track fixtures overhead. The City of Los Angeles LED Streetlight Program
L&E - high efficiency lighting for parking structure | The Better Buildings
structure structure Activities Technology Solutions Teams Lighting & Electrical Space Conditioning Plug & Process Loads Food Service Refrigeration Laboratories Energy Management & Information Systems Public Sector Teams Market Solutions Teams Adopt high-efficiency lighting for your parking structure Parking structures and garages are typically lighted by older HID lighting technology without any energy-saving controls. The latest high-efficiency alternatives with energy-saving controls-including light-emitting diode (LED), induction, and fluorescent technology options-can save building owners over 40% on their parking lot lighting bills while delivering additional benefits such as better-lighted spaces. The Lighting & Electrical team developed a performance specification that
L&E: Adopt high-efficiency lighting for your parking lot | The Better
lot lot Activities Technology Solutions Teams Lighting & Electrical Space Conditioning Plug & Process Loads Food Service Refrigeration Laboratories Energy Management & Information Systems Public Sector Teams Market Solutions Teams Adopt high-efficiency lighting for your parking lot Most parking lots are illuminated by older high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting technology without any energy-saving controls. New light-emitting diode (LED) technology can cut parking lot lighting energy bills by 40%, or much more with controls, while delivering additional benefits including long life, reduced maintenance costs, and improved lighting uniformity. The Lighting & Electrical team developed a performance specification to help building owners take advantage of these improved lighting
Lighting and Human Performance II: Beyond Visibility Models Toward a Unified Human Factors Approach to Performance
To understand the relationship between lighting conditions and human performance, it is first necessary to identify the routes by which lighting conditions can affect human performance. There are three such routes: the visual system, the circadian photobiological system, and the perceptual system. This report updates and replaces an earlier work and explores the relationship between lighting conditions and the ability to carry out tasks in interiors.
Phi-array: A novel method for fitness visualization and decision making in evolutionary design optimization
There is a growing interest in integrating model based evolutionary optimization in engineering design decision making for effective search of the solution space. Most applications of evolutionary optimization are concerned with the search for optimal ... Keywords: Artificial lighting, Decision making, Design exploration, Evolutionary optimization, Fitness visualization, Phi-array
Monjur Mourshed; Shariful Shikder; Andrew D. F. Price
Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Cerenkov-type second
Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Cerenkov-type second harmonic generation that satisfy the Cerenkov-type phase matching condition. Moreover, these beam disappear when the laser light-Bloch, D. N. Neshev, W. Krolikowski, A. Arie, K. Koynov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Cerenkov-type second
Arie, Ady
Advanced Lighting Program Development (BG9702800) Final Report
The report presents a long-range plan for a broad-based, coordinated research, development and market transformation program for reducing the lighting energy intensities in commercial and residential buildings in California without compromising lighting quality. An effective program to advance lighting energy efficiency in California must be based on an understanding that lighting is a mature field and the lighting industry has developed many specialized products that meet a wide variety of light needs for different building types. Above all else, the lighting field is diverse and there are applications for a wide range of lighting products, systems, and strategies. Given the range of existing lighting solutions, an effective energy efficient lighting research portfolio must be broad-based and diverse to match the diversity of the lighting market itself. The belief that there is one solution--a magic bullet, such as a better lamp, for example--that will propel lighting efficiency across all uses to new heights is, in the authors' opinion, an illusion. A multi-path program is the only effective means to raising lighting efficiency across all lighting applications in all building types. This report presents a list of 27 lighting technologies and concepts (key activities) that could form the basis of a coordinated research and market transformation plan for significantly reducing lighting energy intensities in California buildings. The total 27 key activities into seven broad classes as follows: Light sources; Ballasts; Luminaires; Lighting Controls; Lighting Systems in Buildings; Human Factors and Education. Each of the above technology classes is discussed in terms of background, key activities, and the energy savings potential for the state. The report concludes that there are many possibilities for targeted research, development, and market transformation activities across all sectors of the building lighting industry. A concerted investment by the state to foster efficiency improvements in lighting systems in commercial and residential buildings would have a major positive impact on energy use and environmental quality in California.
Rubinstein, Francis; Johnson, Steve
Emerging Lighting Technology
Emerging Lighting Technology Emerging Lighting Technology Bruce Kinzey Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FUPWG - Portland, OR April 20, 2011 www.ssl.energy.gov 2 | Solid-State Lighting Program GATEWAY Demonstration Program * Purpose: demonstrate new SSL products in real-world applications that save energy, match or improve illumination, and are cost- effective * Demos generate critical field experience providing: - Feedback to manufacturers - Data for utility incentives - Market readiness of specific applications to users - Advancement in lighting knowledge Central Park, NY Photo: Ryan Pyle Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C. Photo: Scott Rosenfeld www.ssl.energy.gov 3 | Solid-State Lighting Program LED Product Explosion www.ssl.energy.gov 4 | Solid-State Lighting Program LEDs are Not a Universal Lighting
Photonic crystal light source
A light source is provided by a photonic crystal having an enhanced photonic density-of-states over a band of frequencies and wherein at least one of the dielectric materials of the photonic crystal has a complex dielectric constant, thereby producing enhanced light emission at the band of frequencies when the photonic crystal is heated. The dielectric material can be a metal, such as tungsten. The spectral properties of the light source can be easily tuned by modification of the photonic crystal structure and materials. The photonic crystal light source can be heated electrically or other heating means. The light source can further include additional photonic crystals that exhibit enhanced light emission at a different band of frequencies to provide for color mixing. The photonic crystal light source may have applications in optical telecommunications, information displays, energy conversion, sensors, and other optical applications.
Fleming, James G. (Albuquerque, NM); Lin, Shawn-Yu (Albuquerque, NM); Bur, James A. (Corrales, NM)
Advances in Lighting
Increasing electricity costs have made a significant impact on lighting. The Illuminating Engineering society (I.E.S.) and the lighting industry are producing new standards, procedures and products to make lighting more appropriate and energy efficient. This paper will describe the factors which affect the performance of lighting systems, introduce the new I.E.S. procedures for selecting illuminance values and lighting power limits, and illustrate some of the recent developments in the lighting industry. The importance of efficient lighting may be measured by the potential reduction in the electrical demand, and energy consumed. Since it also represents a visible use (or misuse) of energy, it may also reflect on other aspects of a company's energy management program.
Tumber, A. J.
Industrial lighting handbook
Technological advances in industrial lighting system components now make it possible to reduce lighting system consumption by up to 50% or more without loss of the benefits inherent in good quality electric illumination. Management involvement in decisions about industrial lighting is essential, however, and this document provides generalized information in lay terms to help decision-makers become familiar with the concerns that affect industrial environment and the financial well-being of their companies. The five sections (1) discuss the benefits of good lighting, (2) review certain major lighting issues and terms, (3) identify procedures for developing a lighting energy management plan, (4) identify lighting energy management options (LEMOs), and (5) discuss sources of assistance. 19 figures, 8 tables.
Laser Light Engines | Open Energy Information
Laser Light Engines Laser Light Engines Jump to: navigation, search Name Laser Light Engines Place Salem, New Hampshire Zip NH 03079 Sector Efficiency Product Salem-based, designs, develops and manufactures ultra-high brightness, digitally controlled laser-driven light sources. The firm contributes to green building efficiency. Coordinates 42.554485°, -88.110549° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.554485,"lon":-88.110549,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Light scattering for aerogel characterization
for aerogel characterization for aerogel characterization Title Light scattering for aerogel characterization Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 1998 Authors Hunt, Arlon J. Journal Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Volume 225 Pagination 303-306 Keywords aerogel, light scattering, microstructure Abstract Light scattering is a useful tool to evaluate aerogel clarity, study its structure, pore size, mechanical strain, and examine the modes of sol-gel evolution that determine its microstructure. Ultraviolet-visible transmission spectroscopy can be used to study the wavelength dependent scattering to readily compare aerogels of differing origins, thickness, and to evaluate effects of residual contaminants. Infrared reflectance measurements can be used to determine the effective real and imaginary indices of refraction of porous aerogel materials for material property and radiant heat transfer studies. Measurements of scattering at a fixed angle can be used for quality control, to evaluate sources of scattering, and study inhomogeneities. Measurement of the Mueller matrix (describing the 16-element angle-dependent transformation of intensity and polarization of incident to scattered light) provides information about the anisotropy, large pore fraction, induced stresses, microstructure and inhomogeneities in the aerogel. The time evolution of scattering before and after gel formation gives information.
Metacapacitors for LED Lighting: Metacapacitors
ADEPT Project: The CUNY Energy Institute is developing less expensive, more efficient, smaller, and longer-lasting power converters for energy-efficient LED lights.

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