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Subsonic Free Surface Waves in Linear Elasticity
E-Print Network (OSTI)
For general anisotropic linear elastic solids with smooth boundaries, Rayleigh-type surface waves are studied. Using spectral factorizations of matrix polynomials, a self-contained exposition of the case of a homogeneous half-space is given first. The main result is about inhomogeneous anisotropic bodies with curved surfaces. The existence of subsonic free surface waves is shown by giving ray series asymptotic expansions, including formulas for the transport equation.
S�nke Hansen
The influence of waves . . .
With the growing interest in offshore wind resources, it has become increasingly important to establish and refine models for the interaction between wind and waves in order to obtain accurate models for the sea surface roughness. The simple Charnock relation that has been applied for open sea conditions does not work well in the shallow water near-coastal areas that are important for offshore wind energy. A model for the surface roughness of the sea has been developed based on this concept, using an expression for the Charnock constant as a function of wave age [1], and then relating the wave `age' to the distance to the nearest upwind coastline. The data used in developing these models originated partly from analysis of data from the Vindeby site, partly from previously published results. The scatter in the data material was considerable and consequently there is a need to test these models further by analysing data from sites exhibiting varying distances to the coast. Results from such analysis of recent data are presented for sites with distances to the coast varying from 10km to several hundreds of km. The model shows a good agreement also with this data.
Bernhard Lange; J�rgen H�jstrup
Low-frequency elastic waves alter pore-scale colloid mobilization
SciTech Connect
Naturally occurring seismic events and artificially generated low-frequency elastic waves have been observed to alter the production rates of oil and water wells, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing production, and to influence the turbidity of water wells. TEe decreases in production are of particular concern - especially when artificially generated elastic waves are applied as a method for enhanced oil recovery. The exact conditions that result in a decrease in production remain unknown. While the underlying environment is certainly complex, the observed increase in water well turbidity after seismic events suggests the existence of a mechanism that can affect both the subsurface flow paths and mobilization of in-situ colloidal particles. This paper explores the macroscopic and microscopic effects of elastic wave stimulations on the release of colloidal particles and investigates the microscopic mechanism of particle release during stimulation. Experiments on a column packed with 1-mm borosilicate beads loaded with polystyrene microspheres demonstrate that low-frequency elastic wave stimulations enhance the mobilization of captured microspheres. Increasing the intensity of the stimulations increases the number of microspheres released and can also result in cyclical variations in effluent microsphere concentration during and after stimulations. Under a prolonged period of stimulation, the cyclical effluent variations coincided with fluctuations in the column pressure data. This behavior can be attributed to flow pathways fouling and/or rearrangements of the beads in the column. Optical microscopy observations of the beads during low frequency oscillations reveal that the individual beads rotate, thereby rubbing against each other and scraping off portions of the adsorbed microspheres. These results support the theory that mechanical interactions between soil grains are important mechanisms in flow path alteration and the mobilization of naturally occurring colloidal particles during elastic wave stimulation. These results also point to both continuous and discrete, en masse releases of colloidal particles.
Beckham, Richard Edward [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Abdel-fattah, Amr I [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Roberts, Peter M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ibrahim, Reem [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tarimala, Sownitri [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Elastic Wave Radiation from a Line Source of Finite Length
Straightforward algebraic expressions describing the elastic wavefield produced by a line source of finite length are derived in circular cylindrical coordinates. The surrounding elastic medium is assumed to be both homogeneous and isotropic, anc[ the source stress distribution is considered axisymmetic. The time- and space-domain formulae are accurate at all distances and directions from the source; no fa-field or long-wavelength assumptions are adopted for the derivation. The mathematics yield a unified treatment of three different types of sources: an axial torque, an axial force, and a radial pressure. The torque source radiates only azirnuthally polarized shear waves, whereas force and pressure sources generate simultaneous compressional and shear radiation polarized in planes containing the line source. The formulae reduce to more familiar expressions in the two limiting cases where the length of the line source approaches zero and infinity. Far-field approximations to the exact equations indicate that waves radiated parallel to the line source axI.s are attenuated relative to those radiated normal to the axis. The attenuation is more severe for higher I?equencies and for lower wavespeeds. Hence, shear waves are affected more than compressional waves. This fi-equency- and directiondependent attenuation is characterized by an extremely simple mathematical formula, and is readily apparent in example synthetic seismograms.
Aldridge, D.F.
Surface waves in a stretched and sheared incompressible elastic material
In this paper we analyze the effect of a combined pure homogeneous strain and simple shear in a principal plane of the latter on the propagation of surface waves for an incompressible isotropic elastic half-space whose boundary is normal to the glide planes of the shear. This generalizes previous work in which, separately, pure homogeneous strain and simple shear were considered. For a special class of materials the secular equation is obtained in explicit form and then specialized to recover results obtained previously for the two cases mentioned above. A method for obtaining the secular equation for a general form of strain-energy function is then outlined. In general this is very lengthy and the result is not listed, but, for the case in which there is no normal stress on the half-space boundary, the result is given, for illustration, in respect of the so-called generalized Varga material. Numerical results are given to show how the surface wave speed depends on both the underlying pure homogeneous strain and the superimposed simple shear. Further numerical results are provided for the Gent model of limiting chain extensibility.
Michel Destrade; Ray W. Ogden
Improved MLPG_R method for simulating 2D interaction between violent waves and elastic structures
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Interaction between violent water waves and structures is of a major concern and one of the important issues that has not been well understood in marine engineering. This paper will present first attempt to extend the Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin method ... Keywords: Elastic structures, MLPG_R, Meshless method, Violent waves, Wave-structure interaction
V. Sriram; Q. W. Ma
Microstructural Development Under the Influence of Elastic Energy ...
misfit and hence smaller elastic energy (e.g. Ni-Cr-Al or Ni-Si-Al), the yt particles coarsen steadi- ly and the mean particle size r at an ageing time t is proportional.
Capillary Dynamics of Elastic?Wave?Enhanced Two?Phase Flow in Porous Media
Elastic waves may enhance two?phase flow in porous media. We investigate the role and dynamics of capillary forces during the enhancement process. We present a theory that allows us to estimate the response of trapped nonwetting phase blobs to variable frequency excitation. According to this theory capillary trapped oil blobs may exhibit resonance
Markus Hilpert; Chunyan Guo; Joseph Katz
An energy absorbing far-field boundary condition for the elastic wave equation
The authors present an energy absorbing non-reflecting boundary condition of Clayton-Engquist type for the elastic wave equation together with a discretization which is stable for any ratio of compressional to shear wave speed. They prove stability for a second order accurate finite-difference discretization of the elastic wave equation in three space dimensions together with a discretization of the proposed non-reflecting boundary condition. The stability proof is based on a discrete energy estimate and is valid for heterogeneous materials. The proof includes all six boundaries of the computational domain where special discretizations are needed at the edges and corners. The stability proof holds also when a free surface boundary condition is imposed on some sides of the computational domain.
Petersson, N A; Sjogreen, B
Nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet
We experimentally study linear and nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet where both tension and flexural waves take place. An optical method is used to obtain the full space-time wave field, and the dispersion relation of waves. When the forcing is increased, a significant nonlinear shift of the dispersion relation is observed. We show that this shift is due to an additional tension of the sheet induced by the transverse motion of a fundamental mode of the sheet. When the system is subjected to a random noise forcing at large scale, a regime of hydro-elastic wave turbulence is observed with a power-law spectrum of the scale in disagreement with the wave turbulence prediction. We show that the separation between relevant time scales is well satisfied at each scale of the turbulent cascade as expected theoretically. The wave field anisotropy, and finite size effects are also quantified and are not at the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, the dissipation is found to occur at all...
Deike, Luc; Falcon, Eric
We experimentally study linear and nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet where both tension and flexural waves take place. An optical method is used to obtain the full space-time wave field, and the dispersion relation of waves. When the forcing is increased, a significant nonlinear shift of the dispersion relation is observed. We show that this shift is due to an additional tension of the sheet induced by the transverse motion of a fundamental mode of the sheet. When the system is subjected to a random noise forcing at large scale, a regime of hydro-elastic wave turbulence is observed with a power-law spectrum of the scale in disagreement with the wave turbulence prediction. We show that the separation between relevant time scales is well satisfied at each scale of the turbulent cascade as expected theoretically. The wave field anisotropy, and finite size effects are also quantified and are not at the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, the dissipation is found to occur at all scales of the cascade contrary to the theoretical hypothesis, and could thus explain this disagreement.
Luc Deike; Jean-Claude Bacri; Eric Falcon
Partial-wave analysis for elastic p{sup 13}C scattering at astrophysical energies
A standard partial-wave analysis was performed on the basis of known measurements of differential cross sections for elastic p{sup 13}C scattering at energies in the range 250-750 keV. This analysis revealed that, in the energy range being considered, it is sufficient to take into account the {sup 3}S{sub 1} wave alone. A potential for the triplet {sup 3}S{sub 1}-wave state of the p{sup 13}C system in the region of the J{sup p}T = 1{sup -1} resonance at 0.55 MeV was constructed on the basis of the phase shifts obtained from the aforementioned partial-wave analysis.
Dubovichenko, S. B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [V.G. Fessenkov Astrophysical Institute (Kazakhstan)
Partial-wave analysis of elastic {sup 4}He{sup 4}He scattering in the energy range 40-50 MeV
A partial-wave analysis of elastic {sup 4}He{sup 4}He scattering is performed in the energy range 40-50 MeV.
Dubovichenko, S. B. [Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute (Kazakhstan)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Electric field Induced Patterns in Soft Visco-elastic films: From Long Waves of Viscous Liquids to Short Waves of Elastic Solids
We show that the electric field driven surface instability of visco-elastic films has two distinct regimes: (1) The visco-elastic films behaving like a liquid display long wavelengths governed by applied voltage and surface tension, independent of its elastic storage and viscous loss moduli, and (2) the films behaving like a solid require a threshold voltage for the instability whose wavelength always scales as ~ 4 x film thickness, independent of its surface tension, applied voltage, loss and storage moduli. Wavelength in a narrow transition zone between these regimes depends on the storage modulus.
N. Arun; Ashutosh Sharma; Partho S. G. Pattader; Indrani Banerjee; Hemant M. Dixit; K. S. Narayan
Influence of frozen capillary waves on contact mechanics
Free surfaces of liquids exhibit thermally excited (capillary) surface waves. We show that the surface roughness which results from capillary waves when a glassy material is cooled below the glass transition temperature can have a large influence on the contact mechanics between the solids. The theory suggest a new explanation for puzzling experimental results [L. Bureau, T. Baumberger and C. Caroli, arXiv:cond-mat/0510232] about the dependence of the frictional shear stress on the load for contact between a glassy polymer lens and flat substrates. It also lend support for a recently developed contact mechanics theory.
B. N. J. Persson
Influence of Convective Momentum Transport on Mixed Rossby-Gravity waves: A contribution to tropical two-day waves
Influences of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical waves are analytically studied with an idealized model, which captures the first-order baroclinic structure in the vertical. The CMT has significant influence on the mixed Rossby-...
Lei Zhou; In-Sik Kang
Long waves in water over a visco-elastic muddy seabed
The propagation of surface waves over a flat muddy seabed are studied. Mud is first considered as a Newtonian fluid. Water and mud equations are derived in order to obtain governing equation for surface and interface waves. ...
Garnier, Erell-Isis
Elastic response of water-filled fiber composite tubes under shock wave loading
We experimentally and numerically investigate the response of fluid-filled filament-wound composite tubes subjected to axial shock wave loading in water. Our study focuses on the fluid structure interaction occurring when the shock wave in the fluid propagates parallel to the axis of the tube, creating pressure waves in the fluid coupled to flexural waves in the shell. The in-house-developed computational scheme couples an Eulerian fluid solver with a Lagrangian shell solver, which includes a new and simple material model to capture the response of fiber composites in finite kinematics. In the experiments and simulations we examine tubes with fiber winding angles equal to 45 and 60 , and we measure the precursor and primary wave speeds, hoop and longitudinal strains, and pressure. The experimental and computational results are in agreement, showing the validity of the computational scheme in complex fluid structure interaction problems involving fiber composite materials subjected to shock waves. The analyses of the measured quantities show the strong coupling of axial and hoop deformations and the significant effect of fiber winding angle on the composite tube response, which differs substantially from that of a metal tube in the same configuration.
Perotti, Luigi E. [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Deiterding, Ralf [ORNL; Inaba, Kazuaki [Tokyo Institute of Technology; Shepherd, Joseph E [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Ortiz, Michael [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Influence of Wave Propagation on the Doppler Spreading of Atmospheric Gravity Waves
The �Doppler spread� theory of atmospheric gravity waves has developed rapidly in recent years, from an initial theory of wave spectra into a general parameterization of gravity wave effects for use in global models of the middle atmosphere. Yet ...
Stephen D. Eckermann
Influence of Gravity Waves in the Tropical Upwelling: WACCM Simulations
The annual cycle of tropical upwelling and contributions by planetary and gravity waves are investigated from climatological simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) including three gravity wave drag (GWD) ...
Hye-Yeong Chun; Young-Ha Kim; Hyun-Joo Choi; Jung-Yoon Kim
Development of a New Stratigraphic Trap Exploration Using Elastic-Wave Seismic Technology
Vecta acquired 9 square miles of 9-C seismic data in Mountrail County, North Dakota with the Mission Canyon shoreline as a primary target. Vecta contracted the Institute Francais du Petrole in order to co-develop a more rigorous multicomponent seismic interpretation product. The final interpretation was very unique in that it utilized not only the 9-C seismic data but also the new jointly developed software. A Mission Canyon anomaly was developed in 2006; however, it was of insufficient size to be a commercial target at the time. Therefore, Vecta analyzed the shear data for anisotropy within the Bakken formation and successfully reentered an abandoned producer within the project area and drilled a horizontal leg through the anomalous zones of the middle member of the Bakken formation. The well was open hole completed, swab tested, sand fraced, and swab tested some more. No shows of oil were ever seen from the Bakken formation, but the well yielded considerable amounts of formation water. The well has been abandoned as non-commercial. From the swab tests, one may conclude considerable permeability exists in the formation, thus confirming the utility of the shear wave to detect fractures within the targeted formation.
Bryan DeVault
The Influence of Vegetation on the Development and Structure of Mountain Waves
The influence of vegetative cover on the development of mountain waves is analyzed using a two-dimensional meso-? model. The model includes a detailed representation of surface fluxes and friction that evolve in time as the incoming solar ...
Romualdo Romero; Sergio Alonso; Everett C. Nickerson; Clemente Ramis
Influence of the SST Rise on Baroclinic Instability Wave Activity under an Aquaplanet Condition
The influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) rise on extratropical baroclinic instability wave activity is investigated using an aquaplanet general circulation model (GCM). Two types of runs were performed: the High+3 run, in which the SST ...
Chihiro Kodama; Toshiki Iwasaki
Influence of skin effect on the series resistance of millimeter-wave IMPATT devices
An attempt is made in this paper to study the influence of skin depth on the parasitic series resistance of millimeter-wave IMPATT devices based on Silicon. The method is based on the concept of depletion width modulation of the device under large-signal ... Keywords: Large-signal simulation, Millimeter-wave IMPATTs, Series resistance, Skin effect
Aritra Acharyya, Suranjana Banerjee, J. P. Banerjee
Influence of Zonal Mean Flow Change on Stationary Wave Fluctuations
The fluctuation of stationary waves caused by zonal mean flow changes is investigated using a barotropic model and GCM simulated upper-level data. The EOF analysis of monthly mean ? fluctuations during winter shows that a positive anomaly at the ...
In-Sik Kang
Influence of geomagnetic perturbation on resonant gravitational wave detector
The level of background signals in modern cryogenic resonant mass gravitational wave antenna is discussed caused by (a) the geomagnetic field pulsations and (b) an atmosferic of very low frequency band, generated by a lightning flash. The analysis of our results show that the signals of this origin will generally exceed the signals from the gravitational wave sources. To suppress these artifacts in such gravitational antenna, it is necessary to use the magnetometer included as anti-coincidence protection and a system of magnetic screens.
Peter Vorob'ev; Valeri Ianovski; Igor Okunev
Multiscale Mountain Waves Influencing a Major Orographic Precipitation Event
This study combines high-resolution mesoscale model simulations and comprehensive airborne Doppler radar observations to identify kinematic structures influencing the production and mesoscale distribution of precipitation and microphysical ...
Matthew F. Garvert; Bradley Smull; Cliff Mass
FY08 LDRD Final Report A New Method for Wave Propagation in Elastic Media LDRD Project Tracking Code: 05-ERD-079
The LDRD project 'A New Method for Wave Propagation in Elastic Media' developed several improvements to the traditional finite difference technique for seismic wave propagation, including a summation-by-parts discretization which is provably stable for arbitrary heterogeneous materials, an accurate treatment of non-planar topography, local mesh refinement, and stable outflow boundary conditions. This project also implemented these techniques in a parallel open source computer code called WPP, and participated in several seismic modeling efforts to simulate ground motion due to earthquakes in Northern California. This research has been documented in six individual publications which are summarized in this report. Of these publications, four are published refereed journal articles, one is an accepted refereed journal article which has not yet been published, and one is a non-refereed software manual. The report concludes with a discussion of future research directions and exit plan.
Petersson, A
Gravity wave influence on the global structure of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Gravity wave influence on the global structure of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower. The observed vertical structure of the tide can be reproduced in a mechanistic model by including gravity wave component of momentum forcing that arises from gravity wave breaking. The phase of the momentum forcing
Alexander, M. Joan
Research of influence of temperature deformations of the big elastic elements on dynamics of a space vehicle
At this project considers the problem of analysis temperature deformation of elastic elements of the spacecraft. Spacecraft periodically appears in the earth's shadow on the sunny side when moving from the orbit. Abruptly changing the temperature field of large elastic elements can affect the dynamic characteristics of the spacecraft. This is important when dealing with the implementation of the gravity-sensitive processes on board.
A. V. Sedelnikov; M. I Kazarina
Influence Of Ultrasonic Waves On The Formation Of High Pores Silicon Carbide
The Challenge to produce a quality Silicon Carbide that combination high surface area is promising and this material can be used in many application such as Hydrogen storage materials. Synthesis of high surface area carbon materials by selective etching of Silicon Carbide with choric acid while exposing ultrasonic wave have been made.Powder Of Sic (surface area 17.8 m{sup 2}/g) was treated in the chloric acetic as well as their mixture of various compositions and various time exposure of ultrasonic waves. Surface area and pore size can be controlled by temperature and concentration composition of Chloric and time exposure of ultrasonic wave.The resultant carbon and carbon-silicon carbide composite powders were characterized X-ray diffraction and Electron microscope. To determine a conversion degree of silicon carbide due to influence of the ultrasonic wave, the samples were annealed in open air at 1000 deg. C. There by carbon component of the carbon/silicon carbide composite was completely oxidized. The analysis of the samples shows the strong influence of time exposure of ultrasonic waves on the formation of pores.
Toana, Musfirah C. F. [Physics Dept. University of Tadulako (Indonesia); Soegijono, B.; Hikam, M. [Physics Dept. University of Indonesia (Indonesia)
Experimental reconsideration of spatio-temporal dynamics observed in fluid-elastic oscillator arrays from complex system viewpoint: From vibrating pipes in heat exchangers to waving plants in agricultural fields: Research Articles
Transition from local complexity to global spatio-temporal dynamics in a two-dimensional array of fluid-elastic oscillators is examined experimentally with an apparatus comprising 90-1000 cantilevered rods in a wind tunnel as the Reynolds number (based ... Keywords: impact, nonlinear vibration, self-organization, spatio-temporal pattern, wave
Masaharu Kuroda; Francis C. Moon
A Home Experiment in Elasticity
We analyze a simple problem in elasticity: the \\emph{initial} motion of an elastic bar that after being hanged from an end is suddenly released. In a second problem a point mass is attached on the top of the bar. The analytical solutions uncover some unexpected properties, which can be checked, with a digital camera or camcorder, in an alternative setup in which a spring is substituted for the bar. The theoretical model and the experiments are useful to understand the similarities and differences between the elastic properties of bar and spring. Students can take advantage of the home experiments to improve their understanding of elastic waves.
J. M. Aguirregabiria; A. Hern�ndez; M. Rivas
Investigation of Upstream Boundary Layer Influence on Mountain Wave Breaking and Lee Wave Rotors Using a Large-Eddy Simulation
Interactions between a turbulent boundary layer and nonlinear mountain waves are explored using a large-eddy simulation model. Simulations of a self-induced critical layer, which develop a stagnation layer and a strong leeside surface jet, are ...
Craig M. Smith; Eric D. Skyllingstad
The Influence of Unsteady Depths and Currents of Tides on Wind-Wave Propagation in Shelf Seas
The influence of unsteady depths and currents on wind wave propagation on the scale of shelf seas such as the North Sea is investigated. The attention is focused on depth and current variations due to tides, which are essentially stationary at ...
H. L. Tolman
On the Influence of the Unit Cell Type on the Wave Function in One-Dimensional Kronig-Penney Models
We study the influence of the different choice of unit cells on the Bloch solutions of Schr\\c{c}dinger equation for one-dimensional periodic Kronig- Penney models with rectangular potential barriers or potential wells and partially constant effectiv mass. We obtain generalized Kronig-Penney relations for bulk states and exact expressions for the corresponding periodic parts of the Bloch wave functions for the two possible choices of the matching conditions in an unit cell. We show also that our analitic expressions reduce to the well known expressions for the Kronig-Penney relations and Bloch waves under constant effective mass and appropriate matching conditions.
Tashkova, M G; Donev, S G
M. G. Tashkova; A. M. Miteva; S. G. Donev
Joint inversion of AVA data for elastic parameters by bootstrapping
A joint inversion method is developed to estimate the elastic constants of two elastic, homogeneous, isotropic media separated by a flat horizontal boundary. The method jointly uses P and S-converted wave reflection amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) data ... Keywords: AVA, Bootstrapping, Elastic parameters, Joint inversion, Zoeppritz equations
H�lya Kurt
The influence of an electromagnetic field on the wave-current interaction
We study the propagation of surface waves on a current in the presence of an electromagnetic field. A horizontal (vertical) field strengthens (weakens) the counter-current which blocks the waves. We compute the phase space diagrams (blocking velocities versus period of the waves) with and without surface tension. Three new dimensionless numbers are introduced to compare the relative strengths of gravity, surface tension and field effects. This work shows the importance of an electromagnetic field in order to design wave-breakers or in microfluidics applications.
Germain Rousseaux; Philippe Ma�ssa
Barotropic Influences on the Growth and Decay of Nonlinear Baroclinic Waves
nonlinear behavior of baroclinic waves is studied by means of numerical integrations of the primitive equations for initial zonal-mean states with almost identical temperature fields but differing barotropic flow components. The amplitude of the ...
Adrian J. Simmons; Brian J. Hoskins
Intermittent African Easterly Wave Activity in a Dry Atmospheric Model: Influence of the Extratropics
A dynamical model is constructed of the northern summertime global circulation, maintained by empirically derived forcing, based on the same dynamical code that has recently been used to study African easterly waves (AEWs) as convectively ...
Stephanie Leroux; Nicholas M. J. Hall; George N. Kiladis
Mountain Waves over Mont Blanc: Influence of a Stagnant Boundary Layer
A stationary mountain wave, embedded in southwesterly flow over Mont Blanc in the Alps, was observed simultaneously by three research aircraft and three types of remote sensing: GPS dropsondes, airborne light detecting and ranging (lidar), and ...
Ronald B. Smith; Steven Skubis; James D. Doyle; Adrian S. Broad; Christoph Kiemle; Hans Volkert
Remarks on the energy release rate for an antiplane moving crack in couple stress elasticity
This paper is concerned with the steady-state propagation of an antiplane semi-infinite crack in couple stress elastic materials. A distributed loading applied at the crack faces and moving with the same velocity of the crack tip is considered, and the influence of the loading profile variations and microstructural effects on the dynamic energy release rate is investigated. The behaviour of both energy release rate and maximum total shear stress when the crack tip speed approaches the critical speed (either that of the shear waves or that of the Rayleigh waves) is studied. The limit case corresponding to vanishing characteristic scale lengths is addressed both numerically and analytically by means of a comparison with classical elasticity results.
L. Morini; A. Piccolroaz; G. Mishuris
The Influence of Meridional Shear on Planetary Waves. Part 2: Critical Latitudes
With the simplifying assumption that the mean zonal wind is a function of latitude only, numerical and analytical methods are applied to study the effects of critical latitudes (where the Doppler-shifted frequency is 0) on planetary waves. On the ...
John P. Boyd
The Madden�Julian Oscillation�s Influence on African Easterly Waves and Downstream Tropical Cyclogenesis
The influence of the Madden�Julian oscillation (MJO) over tropical Africa and Atlantic is explored during the Northern Hemisphere summer months. The MJO is assessed by using real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) indices. These indices divide the active ...
Michael J. Ventrice; Chris D. Thorncroft; Paul E. Roundy
Factors influencing the microwave pulse duration in a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator
In this paper, we analyze the factors that affect the microwave pulse duration in a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), including the diode voltage, the guiding magnetic field, the electron beam collector, the extraction cavity, and the gap between the electron beam and the slow wave structure (SWS). The results show that the microwave pulse duration increases with the diode voltage until breakdown occurs on the surface of the extraction cavity. The pulse duration at low guiding magnetic field is generally 5-10 ns smaller than that at high magnetic field due to the asymmetric electron emission and the larger energy spread of the electron beam. The electron beam collector can affect the microwave pulse duration significantly because of the anode plasma generated by bombardment of the electron beam on the collector surface. The introduction of the extraction cavity only slightly changes the pulse duration. The decrease of the gap between the electron beam and the SWS can increase the microwave pulse duration greatly.
Xiao Renzhen; Zhang Xiaowei; Zhang Ligang; Li Xiaoze; Zhang Lijun [National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024 (China)
The Influence of the Magnetic Field on Running Penumbral Waves in the Solar Chromosphere
We use images of high spatial and temporal resolution, obtained using both ground- and space-based instrumentation, to investigate the role magnetic field inclination angles play in the propagation characteristics of running penumbral waves in the solar chromosphere. Analysis of a near-circular sunspot, close to the center of the solar disk, reveals a smooth rise in oscillatory period as a function of distance from the umbral barycenter. However, in one directional quadrant, corresponding to the north direction, a pronounced kink in the period-distance diagram is found. Utilizing a combination of the inversion of magnetic Stokes vectors and force-free field extrapolations, we attribute this behaviour to the cut-off frequency imposed by the magnetic field geometry in this location. A rapid, localised inclination of the magnetic field lines in the north direction results in a faster increase in the dominant periodicity due to an accelerated reduction in the cut-off frequency. For the first time we reveal how th...
Jess, D B; Van Doorsselaere, T; Keys, P H; Mackay, D H
Elastic parabolic equation solutions for underwater acoustic problems using seismic sources
Elastic parabolic equation solutions for underwater acoustic problems using seismic sources Scott D theoretic methods, and attempts to model them with fluid-bottom parabolic equation solu- tions suggest between elastic and acoustic waves, current elastic parabolic equation solutions must be modified to allow
MSAT-A new toolkit for the analysis of elastic and seismic anisotropy
The design and content of MSAT, a new Matlab toolkit for the study and analysis of seismic and elastic anisotropy, is described. Along with a brief introduction to the basic theory of anisotropic elasticity and a guide to the functions provided by the ... Keywords: Anisotropy, Elasticity, MATLAB, Seismology, Shear-wave splitting
Andrew M. Walker; James Wookey
Influence of Mean Water Depth and a Subsurface Sandbar on the Onset and Strength of Wave Breaking
Wave breaking in the open ocean and coastal zones remains an intriguing yet incompletely understood process, with a strong observed association with wave groups. Recent numerical study of the evolution of fully nonlinear, two-dimensional deep ...
Jin-Bao Song; Michael L. Banner
Relative Humidity and Temperature Influences on Cirrus Formation and Evolution: Observations from Wave Clouds and FIRE II
Measurements in orographic wave clouds. and in cirrus sampled during FIRE II, are used to investigate ice nucleation in the upper troposphere. The dynamically and microphysically simpler quasi-steady-state wave clouds provide relatively ideal ...
Andrew J. Heymsfield; Larry M. Miloshevich
Elasticity in physics - CECM
Dec 24, 2003 ... Elasticity as a mathematical concept finds its origin in mechanical physics. Mechanical physics describes macroscopic features of the universe,�...
Influence of electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability on the evolution of laser-driven plasma beat-wave
The electrostatic oscillating two-stream instability of laser-driven plasma beat-wave was studied recently by Gupta et al. [Phys. Plasmas 11, 5250 (2004)], who applied their theory to limit the amplitude level of a plasma wave in the beat-wave accelerator. As a self-generated magnetic field is observed in laser-produced plasma, hence, the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability may be another possible mechanism for the saturation of laser-driven plasma beat-wave. The efficiency of this scheme is higher than the former.
Gupta, D. N.; Singh, K. P.; Suk, H. [Center for Advanced Accelerators, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120 (Korea, Republic of); Computational Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan 48504 (United States); Center for Advanced Accelerators, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120 (Korea, Republic of)
Influence of Controlled Viscous Dissipation on the Propagation of Strongly Nonlinear Waves in Stainless Steel Based Phononic Crystals
Strongly nonlinear phononic crystals were assembled from stainless steel spheres. Single solitary waves and splitting of an initial pulse into a train of solitary waves were investigated in different viscous media using motor oil and non-aqueous glycerol to introduce a controlled viscous dissipation. Experimental results indicate that the presence of a viscous fluid dramatically altered the splitting of the initial pulse into a train of solitary waves. Numerical simulations qualitatively describe the observed phenomena only when a dissipative term based on the relative velocity between particles is introduced.
E. B. Herbold; V. F. Nesterenko; C. Daraio
Gravity Wave � Fine Structure Interactions, Part 1: Influences of Fine-Structure Form and Orientation on Flow Evolution and Instability
Four idealized direct numerical simulations are performed to examine the dynamics arising from the superposition of a monochromatic gravity wave and sinusoidal linear and rotary fine structure in the velocity field. These simulations are motivated ...
David C. Fritts; Ling Wang; Joseph A. Werne
Influence of Bottom Friction on Sea Surface Roughness and Its Impact on Shallow Water Wind Wave Modeling
Using a selected subset of the measured data obtained in shallow waters near Vindeby, Denmark, during RASEX (Ris� Air�Sea Experiment), the role of bottom friction dissipation in predicting wind waves (not swell) is assessed with a third-...
Hakeem K. Johnson; Henrik Kofoed-Hansen
Compatibility of weak rigidity with some types of elastic schemes
The behavior of the hypoelastic-Synge, hypoelastic-Maugin, and hypoelastic-Carter and Quintana almost-thermodynamic material schemes, under weak rigidity hypotheses, is studied. In every case, the absence of principal transverse shock waves (or the vanishing of the corresponding speeds) is obtained. The same result follows for the longitudinal shock waves when the Lame coefficient ..mu.. does not vanish. A definition of an elastic almost-thermodynamic material scheme based on the Fermi--Walker transport is proposed and compared with the above elastic schemes. The speeds of the principal shock waves associated are attained and its compatibility with the Ferrando--Olivert incompressibility condition is proved. In the presence of weak rigidity the elastic schemes here defined lead (assuming ..mu..not =0) to the Born-rigidity condition.
del Olmo, V.; Olivert, J.
Shock Waves in Quasicrystals JOHANNES ROTH
Shock Waves in Quasicrystals JOHANNES ROTH Institut f�?ur Theoretische und Angewandte Physik, Universit�?at Stuttgart, D70550 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract Shock waves in quasicrystals of the AlCuLi type: at low shock wave intensity the system reacts elastically, at high intensities it is turned amorphous
Roth, Johannes
Price elasticity variation: An engineering-economic approach: Final report
This report discusses variable elasticities and an engineering-economic approach to estimating elasticity in the residential sector. The report is in two parts. The first part includes a discussion of the factors that affect price elasticity estimates, a survey of estimates of price elasticities in the residential sector from 1978 to 1982, and a critical evaluation of interesting and controversial studies during this period. The second part of the report is an application of engineering-economic methods to estimate long and short run price elasticities in the residential sector. The elasticities were estimated using data for Gulf States Utilities Company, based in Beaumont, Texas. The price forecast used in our analysis, to estimate future residential electricity demand, is one of the many forecasts that the utility company uses for analysis purposes, and should not be construed as an official company forecast of electricity prices. Our short run model examines how income, prices, and other independent variables influence capacity utilization of appliances rather than electricity demand. Long run elasticity is estimated using an engineering economic approach, by combining our estimate of short run elasticity with projections of stock changes.
Sathaye, J.; Kahn, E.; Robbins, D.
1.138J / 2.062J Wave Propagation, Fall 2000
Linearized theory of wave phenomena in applied mechanics. Examples are chosen from elasticity, acoustics, geophysics, hydrodynamics and other subjects. Basic concepts. One dimensional examples. Characteristics, dispersion ...
Mei, Chiang C.
ELASTIC CONDUCTOR - Energy Innovation Portal
Elastic conductors made of ribbons of aligned carbon nanotubes embedded in a matrix of ... Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 awarded by the U.S. ...
Wave Dragon
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Overtopping Wave Devices Wave Dragon ApSLtd HWETTEI - Workshop October 26-28, 2005, Washington, DC Hydrokinetic Technologies Technical and Environmental Issues Workshop the Wave...
Fundamental solutions for isotropic size-dependent couple stress elasticity
Fundamental solutions for two- and three-dimensional linear isotropic size-dependent couple stress elasticity are derived, based upon the decomposition of displacement fields into dilatational and solenoidal components. While several fundamental solutions have appeared previously in the literature, the present version is for the newly developed fully determinate couple stress theory. Within this theory, the couple stress tensor is skewsymmetrical and thus possesses vectorial character. The present derivation provides solutions for infinite domains of elastic materials under the influence of unit concentrated forces and couples. Unlike all previous work, unique solutions for displacements, rotations, force-stresses and couple-stresses are established, along with the corresponding force-tractions and couple-tractions. These fundamental solutions are central in analysis methods based on Green's functions for infinite domains and are required as kernels in the corresponding boundary integral formulations for size-dependent couple stress elastic materials.
Ali R. Hadjesfandiari; Gary F. Dargush
Influence of sedimentary layering on tsunami generation
The present article is devoted to the influence of sediment layers on the process of tsunami generation. The main scope here is to demonstrate and especially quantify the effect of sedimentation on seabed vertical displacements due to an underwater earthquake. The fault is modelled as a Volterra-type dislocation in an elastic half-space. The elastodynamics equations are integrated with a finite element method. A comparison between two cases is performed. The first one corresponds to the classical situation of an elastic homogeneous and isotropic half-space, which is traditionally used for the generation of tsunamis. The second test case takes into account the presence of a sediment layer separating the oceanic column from the hard rock. Some important differences are revealed. The results of the present study may partially explain why the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 produced such a big tsunami. More precisely, we conjecture that the wave amplitude in the generation region may have bee...
Dutykh, Denys
Elastic anisotropy of tire shreds
This paper deals with anisotropic elastic properties of large-size tire shreds used as lightweight fills in road and embankment construction. The anisotropy is a result of compaction and overburden pressure, which induce a layered structure of the shreds. Laboratory experiments conducted in a novel biaxial apparatus revealed a difference in Young`s moduli perpendicular and parallel to the layered structure; also, Poisson`s ratios differ although their values could not be determined accurately. The out-of-plane shear modulus not readily determined from the tests was assessed by means of a layered material model. The results were used for determining the settlement of two road structures containing a layer of tire shreds modeled as either an isotropic or an anisotropic elastic material. Numerical calculations using the code CIRCLY indicated that the effect of tire shreds` anisotropy on road structure settlements is moderate, and the traditional isotropic elastic analysis overestimates the actual settlements.
Heimdahl, T.C.; Drescher, A. [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Civil Engineering
Heat transfer between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces
We study the heat transfer between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces. We include both the heat transfer from the area of real contact, and the heat transfer between the surfaces in the noncontact regions. We apply a recently developed contact mechanics theory, which accounts for the hierarchical nature of the contact between solids with roughness on many different length scales. For elastic contact, at the highest (atomic) resolution the area of real contact typically consists of atomic (nanometer) sized regions, and we discuss the implications of this for the heat transfer. For solids with very smooth surfaces, as is typical in many modern engineering applications, the interfacial separation in the non-contact regions will be very small, and for this case we show the importance of the radiative heat transfer associated with the evanescent electromagnetic waves which exist outside of all bodies.
B. N. J. Persson; B. Lorenz; A. I. Volokitin
Shock Waves in Weakly Compressed Granular Media
We experimentally probe nonlinear wave propagation in weakly compressed granular media, and observe a crossover from quasi-linear sound waves at low impact, to shock waves at high impact. We show that this crossover grows with the confining pressure $P_0$, whereas the shock wave speed is independent of $P_0$ --- two hallmarks of granular shocks predicted recently. The shocks exhibit powerlaw attenuation, which we model with a logarithmic law implying that local dissipation is weak. We show that elastic and potential energy balance in the leading part of the shocks.
Siet van den Wildenberg; Rogier van Loo; Martin van Hecke
Heat capacities of elastic solids
The work function is embedded in the equation describing the relationship between the constant volume and constant pressure heat capacities. The modification of the work function results that the relationship between these quantities must be changed accordingly. Using the newly derived work functions of elastic solids the description of the heat capacities and the relationship between the heat capacities are given for solid phase.
Garai, J
On the third- and fourth-order constants of incompressible isotropic elasticity
Consider the constitutive law for an isotropic elastic solid with the strain-energy function expanded up to the fourth order in the strain, and the stress up to the third order in the strain. The stress-strain relation can then be inverted to give the strain in terms of the stress with a view to considering the incompressible limit. For this purpose, use of the logarithmic strain tensor is of particular value. It enables the limiting values of all nine fourth-order elastic constants in the incompressible limit to be evaluated precisely and rigorously. In particular, it is explained why the three constants of fourth-order incompressible elasticity $\\mu$, $\\bar{A}$, and $\\bar D$ are of the same order of magnitude. Several examples of application of the results follow, including determination of the acoustoelastic coefficients in incompressible solids and the limiting values of the coefficients of nonlinearity for elastic wave propagation.
Summary of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Concepts
...in this Volume."Stress Intensity Factors"A brief summary of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concepts
Contorting a heavy and naturally curved elastic rod Arnaud Lazarus,a
results by coupling the predictive power of a numerical method of our own, with classic theory for elastic agella,7 morpho- genesis of tendril perversion in climbing plants810 and damage due to localized curvature on the inversion of helix handed- ness9,10,27 or the presence of one-twist-per-wave congurations28
Entekhabi, Dara
Dispersion of elastic moduli in a porous-cracked rock: Theoretical predictions for squirt-flow
. Attenuation and dispersion of compressional waves in fluid-filled porous rocks with partial gas saturationDispersion of elastic moduli in a porous-cracked rock: Theoretical predictions for squirt-flow M Available online xxxx Keywords: Frequency dispersion Rock properties Bimodal porosity Effective medium
Fortin, Jérôme
Piezoelectric device with volume elastic wave for ultrasonic pulses generating
The device constitutes a specific application of piezoelectric transducers, which allows the generation of impulses series with constant or pseudo-aleatory frequency, and constant or variable pause. The device work is based on the process of achieving ... Keywords: acoustic power, electrical field, generator, piezoelectric transducer, pseudoaleatory frequency, ultrasonic signals
Marian Pearsica; Ciprian Racuciu; Nicolae Jula; Dan Raducanu
The Evolution of Lee-Wave�Rotor Activity in the Lee of Pike�s Peak under the Influence of a Cold Frontal Passage: Implications for Aircraft Safety
A lee-wave�rotor system interacting with an approaching cold front in the lee of Pike�s Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado, on 1 April 1997 is studied observationally and numerically. Dynamical effects associated with the approaching cold front ...
Lisa S. Darby; Gregory S. Poulos
Elastic Hadron Scattering on Li Isotopes at Intermediate Energies
The elastic scattering of hadrons (protons, charged pions, and positively charged kaons) on {sup 6,7,8}Li nuclei is analyzed on the basis of Glauber-Sitenko diffraction theory. A few nuclear-wave-function versions found within two- and three-particle potential cluster models are used in the calculations. It is shown that the application of these wave functions in diffraction theory makes it possible to describe adequately the experimental differential cross sections and analyzing powers in hadron scattering at intermediate energies. In this study, particular attention is given to a comparison of the scattering of different particles on the same target nucleus, as well as to a comparison of scattering of particles of the same sort on different target nuclei.
Zhusupov, M.A.; Imambekov, O. [Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Kazakh State University, ul. Timiryazeva 46, Almaty, 480121 (Kazakhstan); Ibraeva, E.T. [Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 480082 (Kazakhstan)
First Principles Computational Determination of Anisotropic Elastic ...
TiB2 has a hexagonal structure (P6/mmm) with six independent elastic constants. A complete determination of these constants is necessary for understanding�...
Beam buckling on random elastic foundations.
??This thesis explores the impact of the seafloor on the buckling load of an undersea pipeline via beam on elastic foundation buckling theory. Undersea pipelines� (more)
Bee, Geoffrey
Influence of High Temperature Elastic-Plastic Small Crack Growth ...
D.L. Anton, T. Khan, R.D. Kissinger, D.L. Klarstrom .... of some of the conditions is still present. This indicates that the global plasticity is. 1o-2. 1 o+ . q. 0. 0. II. 0.
Wave Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Wave energy technologies extract energy directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Renewable energy analysts believe there is enough energy in ocean waves to provide up to 2 terawatts of electricity. (A terawatt is equal to a trillion watts.)
Mindlin second-gradient elastic properties from dilute two-phase Cauchy-elastic composites Part II: Higher-order constitutive properties and application cases
Starting from a Cauchy elastic composite with a dilute suspension of randomly distributed inclusions and characterized at first-order by a certain discrepancy tensor (see part I of the present article), it is shown that the equivalent second-gradient Mindlin elastic solid: (i.) is positive definite only when the discrepancy tensor is negative defined; (ii.) the non-local material symmetries are the same of the discrepancy tensor, and (iii.) the nonlocal effective behaviour is affected by the shape of the RVE, which does not influence the first-order homogenized response. Furthermore, explicit derivations of non-local parameters from heterogeneous Cauchy elastic composites are obtained in the particular cases of: (a) circular cylindrical and spherical isotropic inclusions embedded in an isotropic matrix, (b) n-polygonal cylindrical voids in an isotropic matrix, and (c) circular cylindrical voids in an orthortropic matrix.
Bacca Mattia; Bigoni Davide; Dal Corso Francesco; Veber Daniele
Ship Waves and Lee Waves
Three-dimensional internal trapped lee wave modes produced by an isolated obstacle in a stratified fluid are shown to have dynamics analogous to surface ship waves on water of finite depth. Two models which allow for vertical trapping of wave ...
R. D. Sharman; M. G. Wurtele
Dynamic substructure method for elastic fractal structures
We investigate the fractal properties on the distribution of natural frequencies of elastic structures. We use the multi-level-multi-scale dynamic substructure method so that we need only to eliminate a few nodes in advancing a fractal level. We shall ... Keywords: Dynamic condensation, Elastic fractal structures, Frequency power laws, Multi-level-multi-scale
A. Y. T. Leung
Reversible Simulations of Elastic Collisions
Consider a system of N identical hard spherical particles moving in a d-dimensional box and undergoing elastic, possibly multi-particle, collisions. We develop a new algorithm that recovers the pre-collision state from the post-collision state of the system, across a series of consecutive collisions, \\textit{with essentially no memory overhead}. The challenge in achieving reversibility for an n-particle collision (where, in general, nN) arises from the presence of nd-d-1 degrees of freedom (arbitrary angles) during each collision, as well as from the complex geometrical constraints placed on the colliding particles. To reverse the collisions in a traditional simulation setting, all of the particular realizations of these degrees of freedom (angles) during the forward simulation must be tracked. This requires memory proportional to the number of collisions, which grows very fast with N and d, thereby severely limiting the \\textit{de facto} applicability of the scheme. This limitation is addressed here by first performing a pseudo-randomization of angles, which ensures determinism in the reverse path for any values of n and d. To address the more difficult problem of geometrical and dynamic constraints, a new approach is developed which correctly samples the constrained phase space. Upon combining the pseudo-randomization with correct phase space sampling, perfect reversibility of collisions is achieved, as illustrated for nn=2, d=3. This result enables, for the first time, reversible simulations of elastic collisions with essentially zero memory accumulation. In principle, the approach presented here could be generalized to larger values of n, which would be of definite interest for molecular dynamics simulations at high densities.
Perumalla, Kalyan S [ORNL; Protopopescu, Vladimir A [ORNL
Structure of light neutron-rich nuclei and mechanism of elastic proton scattering
Differential cross sections for elastic p{sup 6}He, p{sup 8}Li, and p{sup 9}Li scattering at two energies of 70 and 700 MeV per nucleon were calculated within the Glauber theory of multiple diffractive scattering. Threeparticle wave functions ({alpha}-n-n for {sup 6}He, {alpha}-t-n for {sup 8}Li, and {sup 7}Li-n-n for {sup 9}Li) were used for realistic potentials of intercluster interactions. The sensitivity of elastic scattering to proton-nucleus interaction and to the structure of nuclei was explored. In particular, the dependence of the differential cross section on the contribution of higher order collisions, on scattering on the core and peripheral nucleons, and on the contribution of small wave-function components and their asymptotic behavior was determined. A comparison with available experimental data and with the results of calculations within different formalisms was performed.
Ibraeva, E. T., E-mail: email@example.com [National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan); Zhusupov, M. A. [Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan); Imambekov, O. [National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan)
Analysis of Auto Travel Demand Elasticities.pub
vehicles. The elasticities with regard to income are similar for urban and rural households. However, fuel price elasticity is smaller for urban households, compared to the...
Microstructure Sensitive Design Framework for Elastic-Plastic Multi ...
Abstract Scope, In this study, a microstructure sensitive design (MSD) framework for elastic-plastic ... Elastic Deformation Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals.
A Model Study of Gravity Waves over Hurricane Humberto (2001)
Atmospheric gravity waves are known to influence global circulations. Understanding these waves and their sources help to develop parameterizations that include their effects in climate and weather forecasting models. Deep convection is believed ...
M. A. Kuester; M. J. Alexander; E. A. Ray
Simulation of anisotropic wave propagation in Vertical Seismic Profiles
The influence of elastic anisotropy on seismic wave propagation is often neglected for the sake of simplicity. However, ignoring anisotropy may lead to significant errors in the processing of seismic data and ultimately in a poor image of the subsurface. This is especially true in wide-aperture Vertical Seismic Profiles where waves travel both vertically and horizontally. Anisotropy has been neglected in wavefront construction methods of seismic ray-tracing until Gibson (2000), who showed they are powerful tools to simulate seismic wave propagation in three-dimensional anisotropic subsurface models. The code is currently under development using a C++ object oriented programming approach because it provides high flexibility in the design of new components and facilitates debugging and maintenance of a complex algorithm. So far, the code was used to simulate propagation in homogeneous or simple heterogeneous anisotropic velocity models mainly designed for testing purposes. In particular, it has never been applied to simulate a field dataset. We propose here an analytical method involving little algebra and that allows the design of realistic heterogeneous anisotropic models using the C++ object oriented programming approach. The new model class can model smooth multi-layered subsurface with gradients or models with many dip variations. It has been used to model first arrival times of a wide-aperture VSP dataset from the Gulf of Mexico to estimate the amount of anisotropy. The proposed velocity model is transversely isotropic. The anisotropy is constant throughout the model and is defined via Thomsen's parameters. Values in the final model are epsilon = 0.055 and delta = -0.115. The model is compatible with the a priori knowledge of the local geology and reduces the RMS average time difference between measured and computed travel times by 51% in comparison to the initial isotropic model. These values are realistic and are similar to other measurements of anisotropy in the Gulf of Mexico.
Durussel, Vincent Bernard
Parallel Displacement Decomposition Solvers for Elasticity Problems
This article describes the displacement decomposition and its benefits for the parallelization of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method for finite element elasticity problems. It deals with both the fixed and variable preconditioning based on ...
Radim Blaheta; Ondrej Jakl; Jiri Stary
Protein structure alignment using elastic shape analysis
In this paper we present a method for flexible protein structure alignment based on elastic shape analysis of backbones, in a manner that can incorporate different characteristics of the backbones. In particular, it can include the backbone geometry, ...
Wei Liu; Anuj Srivastava; Jinfeng Zhang
Digital instability of a confined elastic meniscus
Thin soft elastic layers serving as joints between relatively rigid bodies may function as sealants, thermal, electrical, or mechanical insulators, bearings, or adhesives. When such a joint is stressed, even though perfect adhesion is maintained, the exposed free meniscus in the thin elastic layer becomes unstable, leading to the formation of spatially periodic digits of air that invade the elastic layer, reminiscent of viscous fingering in a thin fluid layer. How- ever, the elastic instability is reversible and rate-independent, dis- appearing when the joint is unstressed. We use theory, experiments, and numerical simulations to show that the transition to the digital state is sudden (first-order), the wavelength and amplitude of the fingers are proportional to the thickness of the elastic layer, and the required separation to trigger the instability is inversely proportional to the in-plane dimension of the layer. Our study reveals the energetic origin of this instability and has implications for the strength of polymeric adhesives; it also suggests a method for patterning thin films reversibly with any arrangement of localized fingers in a digital elastic memory, which we confirm experimentally.
John S. Biggins; Baudouin Saintyves; Zhiyan Wei; Elisabeth Bouchaud; L. Mahadevan
Elastic actuator for precise force control
DOE Patents (OSTI)
The invention provides an elastic actuator consisting of a motor and a motor drive transmission connected at an output of the motor. An elastic element is connected in series with the motor drive transmission, and this elastic element is positioned to alone support the full weight of any load connected at an output of the actuator. A single force transducer is positioned at a point between a mount for the motor and an output of the actuator. This force transducer generates a force signal, based on deflection of the elastic element, that indicates force applied by the elastic element to an output of the actuator. An active feedback force control loop is connected between the force transducer and the motor for controlling the motor. This motor control is based on the force signal to deflect the elastic element an amount that produces a desired actuator output force. The produced output force is substantially independent of load motion. The invention also provides a torsional spring consisting of a flexible structure having at least three flat sections each connected integrally with and extending radially from a central section. Each flat section extends axially along the central section from a distal end of the central section to a proximal end of the central section.
Pratt, Gill A. (Lexington, MA); Williamson, Matthew M. (Boston, MA)
Wind Waves in the Coupled Climate System
The role waves play in modulating interactions between oceans and atmosphere is emphasized. All exchanges (e.g., momentum, energy, heat, mass, radiation fluxes) are influenced by the geometrical and physical characteristics of the ocean surface, which ...
L. Cavaleri; B. Fox-Kemper; M. Hemer
Intraclass Price Elasticity & Electric Rate Design
Electric rate design relies on cost incurrance for pricing and pricing structures. However, as utilities move into a marketing mode, rate design needs to respond more to customer reactions to pricing changes. Intraclass price elasticities aid rate designers by estimating customer behavior to change. Intraclass price elasticities vary with customer usage. The more energy used by a customer, the greater the amount of elasticity. For an industrial customer, this means that all energy consumed up to the amount necessary for base operations is relatively inelastic. All energy consumption beyond this becomes more elastic as usage increases. In the book "Innovative Electric Rates," John Chamberlin and Charles Dickson utilize an economic model to test conservation programs. This model utilizes intraclass price elasticities and has a direct use in current electric rate design. The model is a strong indicator of how best a company's electric prices and pricing structures manage demand-side growth, increase energy sales consumption, and aide in non-discriminatory economic development.
Gresham, K. E.
Adaptive elastic properties of chromatin fiber
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and specific proteins forming an intermediary level of organization of eukaryotic genomes, between double-stranded DNA and chromosome. Within a generic modeling of the chromatin assembly, we investigate the interplay between the mechanical properties of the chromatin fiber and its biological functions. A quantitative step is to relate the mechanics at the DNA level and the mechanics described at the chromatin fiber level. It allows to calculate the complete set of chromatin elastic constants (twist and bend persistence lengths, stretch modulus and twist-stretch coupling constant), in terms of DNA elastic properties and geometric features of the fiber. These elastic constants are strongly sensitive to the local architecture of the fiber and we argue that this tunable elasticity might be a key feature in chromatin functions, for instance in the initiation and regulation of transcription. Moreover, this analysis provides a framework to interpret micromanipulations studies of chromatin fiber and suggests further experiments involving intercalators to scan the tunable elasticity of the fiber.
Eli Ben-Ha�m; Annick Lesne; Jean-Marc Victor
Mechanism of elastic and inelastic proton scattering on a {sup 15}C nucleus in diffraction theory
The amplitudes for elastic and inelastic proton scattering on the neutron-rich nucleus {sup 15}C (to its J{sup {pi}} = 5/2{sup +} level in the latter case) in inverse kinematics were calculated within Glauber diffraction theory. First- and second-order terms were taken into account in the multiple-scattering operator. The {sup 15}C wave function in the multiparticle shell model was used. This made it possible to calculate not only respective differential cross sections but also the contribution of proton scattering on nucleons occurring in different shells. The differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering were calculated at the energies of 0.2, 0.6, and 1 GeV per nucleon.
Elastic proton-proton scattering at RHIC
Here we describe elastic proton+proton (p+p) scattering measurements at RHIC in p+p collisions with a special optics run of {beta}* {approx} 21 m at STAR, at the center-of-mass energy {radical}s = 200 GeV during the last week of the RHIC 2009 run. We present preliminary results of single and double spin asymmetries.
Yip, K.
Efficient elastic burst detection in data streams
Burst detection is the activity of finding abnormal aggregates in data streams. Such aggregates are based on sliding windows over data streams. In some applications, we want to monitor many sliding window sizes simultaneously and to report those windows ... Keywords: data stream, elastic burst
Yunyue Zhu; Dennis Shasha
Efficient Computation of Forces on Dislocation Segments in Anisotropic Elasticity
, such as high temperature or high pressure. For example, as a nuclear reactor structural material, iron becomes for anisotropic elasticity. The anisotropic elasticity theory of dislocations has been developed several decades
Cai, Wei
An elastic contour matching model for tropical cyclone pattern recognition
In this paper, an elastic graph dynamic link model (EGDLM) based on elastic contour matching is proposed to automate the Dvorak technique for tropical cyclone (TC) pattern interpretation from satellite images. This method integrates traditional dynamic ...
R. S.T. Lee; J. N.K. Lin
Oceanic Internal Waves Are Not Weak Waves
It is shown that the oceanic internal wave field is too energetic by roughly two orders of magnitude to be treated theoretically as an assemblage of weakly interacting waves. This may be seen both from recent weak wave theoretical calculations ...
Greg Holloway
Measurement of Elastic Moduli of Nano-Granular Surfaces
Measurement of Elastic Moduli of Nano-Granular Surfaces. Next-generation electronic devices, based on micro- and nanoelectromechanical ...
A Spectral Parameterization of Drag, Eddy Diffusion, and Wave Heating for a Three-Dimensional Flow Induced by Breaking Gravity Waves
There are three distinct processes by which upward-propagating gravity waves influence the large-scale dynamics and energetics of the middle atmosphere: (i) nonlocalized transport of momentum through wave propagation in three dimensions that ...
Xun Zhu; Jeng-Hwa Yee; William H. Swartz; Elsayed R. Talaat; Lawrence Coy
The 9C3D seismic data that will form the principal data base needed for this research program have been successfully acquired. The seismic field data exhibit a good signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for all elastic-wave modes. Thus the major hurdle of acquiring optimal-quality 9-C seismic data has been cleared. The stratigraphic oil-reservoir target that will be the imaging objective of the seismic data-processing effort is described in this report to indicate the challenge that now confronts the data-processing phase of the project.
John Beecherl
Influence of Rock Types on Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Sequestration in Carbonate Reservoirs
Although carbonates hold more than 60 percent of the world's oil reserves, they, nevertheless, exhibit much lower average recovery factor values than terrigenous sandstone reservoirs. Thus, utilization of advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques such as high pressure CO2 injection may normally be required to recover oil in place in carbonate reservoirs. This study addresses how different rock types can influence the seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration in carbonates. This research utilizes an elastic parameter, defined in a rock physics model of poroelasticity and so-�called as the frame flexibility factor, to successfully quantify the carbonate pore types in core samples available from the Great Bahama Bank (GBB). This study shows that for carbonate samples of a given porosity the lower the frame flexibility factors the higher is the sonic wave velocity. Generally, samples with frame flexibility values of 4 are rocks with intercrystalline and microporosity. Hence, different carbonate pore geometries can be quantitatively predicted using the elastic parameters capable of characterizing the porous media with a representation of their internal structure on the basis of the flexibility of the frame and pore connectivity. In this research, different fluid substitution scenarios of liquid and gaseous CO2 saturations are demonstrated to characterize the variations in velocity for carbonate-specific pore types. The results suggest that the elastic response of CO2 flooded rocks is mostly governed by pore pressure conditions and carbonate rock types. Ultrasonic P-�wave velocities in the liquid-�phase CO2 flooded samples show a marked decrease in the order of 0.6 to 16 percent. On the contrary, samples flooded with gaseous-�phase CO2 constitute an increase in P-�wave velocities for moldic and intraframe porosities, while establishing a significant decrease for samples with intercrystalline and micro-�porosities. Such velocity variations are explained by the stronger effect of density versus compressibility, accounting for the profound effect of pore geometries on the acoustic properties in carbonates. The theoretical results from this research could be a useful guide for interpreting the response of time-�lapse seismic monitoring of carbonate formations following CO2 injection at depth. In particular, an effective rock-�physics model can aid in better discrimination of the profound effects of different pore geometries on seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration in carbonates.
Mammadova, Elnara
Application of nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy to discern material damage
Materials containing structural damage have a far greater nonlinear elastic response than materials with no structural damage. This is the basis for nonlinear wave diagnostics of damage, methods which are remarkably sensitive to the detection and progression of damage in materials. Here the authors describe one nonlinear method, the application of harmonics and sum and difference frequency to discern damage in materials. The method is termed Nonlinear Wave Modulation Spectroscopy (NWMS). It consists of exciting a sample with continuous waves of two separate frequencies simultaneously, and inspecting the harmonics of the two waves, and their sum and difference frequencies (sidebands). Undamaged materials are essentially linear in their response to the two waves, while the same material, when damaged, becomes highly nonlinear, manifested by harmonics and sideband generation. The authors illustrate the method by experiments on uncracked and cracked plexiglass and sandstone samples, and by applying it to intact and damaged engine components.
Johnson, P.A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Sutin, A. [Stevens Inst. of Tech., Hoboken, NJ (United States); Abeele, K.E.A. van den [Catholic Univ. Leuven (Belgium). Dept. of Building Physics
Intrinsic aging and effective viscosity in the slow dynamics of a soft glass with tunable elasticity
We investigate by rheology and light scattering the influence of the elastic modulus, $G_0$, on the slow dynamics and the aging of a soft glass. We show that the slow dynamics and the aging can be entirely described by the evolution of an effective viscosity, $\\eta_{eff}$, defined as the characteristic time measured in a stress relaxation experiment times $G_0$. At all time, $\\eta_{eff}$ is found to be independent of $G_0$, of elastic perturbations, and of the rate at which the sample is quenched in the glassy phase. We propose a simple model that links $\\eta_{eff}$ to the internal stress built up at the fluid-to-solid transition.
Laurence Ramos; Luca Cipelletti
Elastic and plastic strains and the stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels. Final report
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The influence of elastic (stress) and plastic (cold work) strains on the stress corrosion cracking of a transformable austenitic stainless steel was studied in several aqueous chloride environments. Initial polarization behavior was active for all deformation conditions as well as for the annealed state. Visual observation, potential-time, and current-time curves indicated the development of a pseudo-passive (flawed) film leading to localized corrosion, occluded cells and SCC. SCC did not initiate during active corrosion regardless of the state of strain unless severe low temperature deformation produced a high percentage of martensite. Both elastic and plastic deformation increased the sensitivity to SCC when examined on the basis of percent yield strength. The corrosion potential, the critical cracking potential, and the potential at which the current changes from anodic to cathodic were essentially unaffected by deformation. It is apparent that the basic electrochemical parameters are independent of the bulk properties of the alloy and totally controlled by surface phenomena.
Vaccaro, F.P.; Hehemann, R.F.; Troiano, A.R.
Effects of Numerics on the Physics in a Third-Generation Wind-Wave Model
Numerical errors in third-generation ocean wave models can result in a misinterpretation of the physics in the model. Using idealized situations, it is shown that numerical errors significantly influence the initial growth, the response of wave ...
Hendrik L. Tolman
Wave�Wave Interaction of Unstable Baroclinic Waves
Two slightly unstable baroclinic waves in the two-layer Phillips model are allowed to interact with each other as well as the mean flow. A theory for small dissipation rates is developed to examine the role of wave�wave interaction in the ...
Joseph Pedlosky; Lorenzo M. Polvani
Nonlinear acoustic/seismic waves in earthquake processes
Nonlinear dynamics induced by seismic sources and seismic waves are common in Earth. Observations range from seismic strong ground motion (the most damaging aspect of earthquakes), intense near-source effects, and distant nonlinear effects from the source that have important consequences. The distant effects include dynamic earthquake triggering-one of the most fascinating topics in seismology today-which may be elastically nonlinearly driven. Dynamic earthquake triggering is the phenomenon whereby seismic waves generated from one earthquake trigger slip events on a nearby or distant fault. Dynamic triggering may take place at distances thousands of kilometers from the triggering earthquake, and includes triggering of the entire spectrum of slip behaviors currently identified. These include triggered earthquakes and triggered slow, silent-slip during which little seismic energy is radiated. It appears that the elasticity of the fault gouge-the granular material located between the fault blocks-is key to the triggering phenomenon.
Johnson, Paul A. [Geophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87544 (United States)
Geostrophic Shock Waves
Organized depth discontinuities involving a balance between steepening and dissipation are usually referred to as shock waves. An analytical �educed gravity� model is used to examine a special kind of shock wave. The wave under study is a depth ...
Doron Nof
The Sandia Wave Reflector
The Sandia wave reflector is a magnetic conductor for wireless transmissions near 433 MHz. The device reflects perpendicular electromagnetic waves in-phase and suppresses surface waves resulting in improved gain performance and effective operation ...
A Thunderstorm Bow Wave
The thunderstorm solitary gust or bow wave, observed by Doviak and Ge, is examined from the viewpoint of boundary layer wave theory. It is concluded that all its well defined characteristics are consistently modeled as a bow wave of ducted ...
G. Chimonas; Carmen J. Nappo
Statistical Modeling of Elastic Strain, Lattice Rotation and ...
The results show that the elastic strain components exhibit nearly symmetric probability ... A Modular Crystal Plasticity Framework Applicable from Component to�...
Phase-field Crystal Model and Thermodynamics of Elastically ...
However, the basic understanding of the model is yet to be completed, ... to the model is needed, including thermodynamics of elastically stressed solids, where �...
Numerical Approach for Development of High Elastic Casting ...
This study is suggested how to make high elastic aluminum alloys using ... Frequency Modulation Effect on the Solidification of Alloy 718 Fusion Zone.
On the Dependence of Sea Surface Roughness on Wind Waves
The influence of wind waves on the momentum transfer (wind stress) between the atmosphere and sea surface was studied using new measured data from the RASEX experiment and other datasets compiled by Donelan et al.
H. K. Johnson; J. H�jstrup; H. J. Vested; S. E. Larsen
Wavelet Algorithm for the Numerical Solution of Plane Elasticity Problem
In this paper, we apply Shannon wavelet and Galerkin method to deal with the numerical solution of the natural boundary integral equation of plane elasticity probem in the upper half-plane. The fast algorithm is given and only 3 entries need ... Keywords: Galerkin-wavelet method, Shannon wavelet, natural integral equation, plane elasticity problem
Youjian Shen; Wei Lin
Expansion of elastic bodies with application in the bread industry
This article is concerned with modeling the expansion of an elastic body with application to the evolution of bread dough during the proofing process. The main result is a set of linear second-order partial differential equations corresponding to an ... Keywords: B-Splines, Bread dough, Elastic expansion, Rayleigh-Ritz method, Surface evolution
P. C. Bollada
Noncontacting benchtop measurements of the elastic properties of shales
Noncontacting benchtop measurements of the elastic properties of shales Thomas E. Blum1 , Ludmila the elastic anisotropy of horizontal shale cores. Whereas conventional transducer data contained an ambigu shales were almost surely exaggerated by delamination of clay platelets and microfracturing, but provided
Boise State University
Fundamental Guided Wave Metrology
Fundamental Guided Wave Metrology. Summary: ... The program is focused on fundamental measurement research for microwave parameters. ...
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface distinct generation mechanisms of a tsunami are underwater earth- quakes, and submarine mass failures
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH # AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface of a tsunami are underwater earth quakes, and submarine mass failures. Among the broad class of submarine mass
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface tsunamis. Two distinct generation mechanisms of a tsunami are underwater earthquakes, and submarine mass
Dark energy as an elastic strain fluid
The origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe is still unclear and new physics is needed on cosmological scales. We propose and test a novel interpretation of dark energy as originated by an elastic strain due to a cosmic defect in an otherwise Euclidean space-time. The strain modifies the expansion history of the universe. This new effective contribution tracks radiation at early times and mimics a cosmological constant at late times. The theory is tested against observations, from nucleosynthesis to the cosmic microwave background and formation and evolution of large scale structure to supernovae. Data are very well reproduced with Lam\\'e parameters of the order of 10^{-52} m^{-2}.
N. Radicella; M. Sereno; A. Tartaglia
Elastic Metal Alloy Refrigerants: Thermoelastic Cooling
BEETIT Project: UMD is developing an energy-efficient cooling system that eliminates the need for synthetic refrigerants that harm the environment. More than 90% of the cooling and refrigeration systems in the U.S. today use vapor compression systems which rely on liquid to vapor phase transformation of synthetic refrigerants to absorb or release heat. Thermoelastic cooling systems, however, use a solid-state material�an elastic shape memory metal alloy�as a refrigerant and a solid to solid phase transformation to absorb or release heat. UMD is developing and testing shape memory alloys and a cooling device that alternately absorbs or creates heat in much the same way as a vapor compression system, but with significantly less energy and a smaller operational footprint.
�Granular Elasticity� and the loss of elastic stability in granular materials
A recently proposed hyperelastic model for granular materials, called "granular elasticity", identifies a yield angle as a result of thermodynamic instability. GE gives yield angles that are smaller than those found in real materials; a generalization of the theory is considered here that includes dependence on the third strain invariant. This generalization proves unsuccessful, as it gives smaller, not larger, yield angles. Fully convex hyperelastic models are identified as a point for future investigation.
P. W. Humrickhouse
The Effect of Bubbles on Internal Waves
The influence of gas bubbles on the properties of internal waves in a continuously stratified fluid is studied in the framework of a two-dimensional model of a diluted locally monodisperse mixture of an incompressible fluid with gas bubbles. The ...
R. H. J. Grimshaw; K. R. Khusnutdinova
The Effect of Orographically Excited Gravity Wave Drag on the General Circulation of the Lower Stratosphere and Troposphere
The influence of large-scale momentum sinks, due to breaking of orographically excited gravity waves, on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation of the troposphere and lower stratosphere is examined by introducing a simple wave drag ...
N. A. McFarlane
A Climatological Study of Internal Gravity Waves in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Overlying the Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Internal gravity waves are frequently observed in stably stratified regions of the atmospheric boundary layer. In order to determine the statistical influence of such waves on the dynamics of the boundary layer it is necessary to compile ...
J. M. Rees; J. C. W. Denholm-Price; J. C. King; P. S. Anderson
Watching Gravitational Waves
In the vicinity of merging neutron strar binaries or supernova remnants, gravitational waves can interact with the prevailing strong magnetic fields. The resulting partial conversion of gravitational waves into electromagnetic (radio) waves might prove to be an indirect way of detecting gravitational waves from such sources. Another interesting interaction considered in this article is the excitation of magnetosonic plasma waves by a gravitational wave passing through the surrounding plasma. The transfer of gravitational wave energy into the plasma might help to fuel the `fireball' of electromagnetic radiation observed in gamma ray bursts. In the last section of the article, a dispersion relation is derived for such magnetosonic plasma waves driven by a gravitational wave.
Joachim Moortgat
How Does the Vertical Profile of Baroclinicity Affect the Wave Instability?
The growth rate of baroclinic instability waves is generalized in terms of wave�mean flow interactions, with an emphasis on the influence of the vertical profile of baroclinicity. The wave energy is converted from the zonal mean kinetic energy and ...
Toshiki Iwasaki; Chihiro Kodama
Elastic properties of gamma-Pu by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Despite intense experimental and theoretical work on Pu, there is still little understanding of the strange properties of this metal. We used resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method to investigate the elastic properties of pure polycrystalline Pu at high temperatures. Shear and longitudinal elastic moduli of the {gamma}-phase of Pu were determined simultaneously and the bulk modulus was computed from them. A smooth linear and large decrease of all elastic moduli with increasing temperature was observed. We calculated the Poisson ratio and found that it increases from 0.242 at 519K to 0.252 at 571K.
Migliori, Albert [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Betts, J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Trugman, A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mielke, C H [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mitchell, J N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ramos, M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stroe, I [WORXESTER, MA
Proper formulation of viscous dissipation for nonlinear waves in solids
In order to model nonlinear viscous dissipative motions in solids, acoustical physicists usually add terms linear in dot{E}, the material time derivative of the Lagrangian strain tensor E, to the elastic stress tensor sigma derived from the expansion to the third- (sometimes fourth-) order of the strain energy density e=e(trace(E), trace(E^2), trace(E^3)). Here, it is shown that this practice, which has been widely used in the past three decades or so, is physically wrong for at least two reasons, and that it should be corrected. One reason is that the elastic stress tensor sigma is not symmetric while dot{E) is symmetric, so that motions for which sigma + sigma^T 0 will give rise to elastic stresses which have no viscous pendant. Another reason is that dot{E} is frame-invariant, while sigma is not, so that an observer transformation would alter the elastic part of the total stress differently than it would alter the dissipative part, thereby violating the fundamental principle of material frame-indifference. These problems can have serious consequences for nonlinear shear wave propagation in soft solids, as seen here with an example of a kink in almost incompressible soft solids.
Michel Destrade; Giuseppe Saccomandi; Maurizio Vianello
Electron Trapping in Shear Alfven Waves that Power the Aurora
Results from 1D Vlasov drift-kinetic plasma simulations reveal how and where auroral electrons are accelerated along Earth's geomagnetic field. In the warm plasma sheet, electrons become trapped in shear Alfven waves, preventing immediate wave damping. As waves move to regions with larger v{sub Te}/v{sub A}, their parallel electric field decreases, and the trapped electrons escape their influence. The resulting electron distribution functions compare favorably with in situ observations, demonstrating for the first time a self-consistent link between Alfven waves and electrons that form aurora.
Watt, Clare E. J.; Rankin, Robert [University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (Canada)
Measurements of the Influence of Acceleration and Temperature of Bodies on their Weight
A brief review of experimental research of the influence of acceleration and temperatures of test mass upon gravitation force, executed between the 1990s and the beginning of 2000 at the St.-Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics in cooperation with D. I. Mendeleev's Institute of Metrology is provided. According to a phenomenological notion, the acceleration of a test mass caused by external action, for example electromagnetic forces, results in changes of the gravitational properties of this mass. Consequences are a dependence upon gravity on the size and sign of test mass acceleration, and also on its absolute temperature. Results of weighing a rotor of a mechanical gyroscope with a horizontal axis, an anisotropic crystal with the big difference of the speed of longitudinal acoustic waves, measurements of temperature dependence of weight of metal bars of nonmagnetic materials, and also measurement of restitution coefficients at quasi-elastic impact of a steel ball about a massive plate are given. In particular, a reduction of apparent mass of a horizontal rotor with relative size 3.10{sup -6} at a speed of rotation of 18.6 thousand rev/min was observed. A negative temperature dependence of the weight of a brass core with relative size near 5.10{sup -4} K{sup -1} at room temperature was measured; this temperature factor was found to be a maximum for light and elastic metals. All observably experimental effects, have probably a general physical reason connected with the weight change dependent upon acceleration of a body or at thermal movement of its microparticles. The reduction of mass at high temperatures is of particular interest for propulsion applications.
Dmitriev, Alexander L. [St-Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 49, Kronverksky Prospect, St. Petersburg, 97101 (Russian Federation)
Gravity Waves from Thunderstorms
Gravity waves generated by severe thunderstorms in the eastern Ohio-Pennsylvania area were recorded by an array of microbarovariographs at Palisades, New York and by standard microbarographs across northeastern United States. The waves were ...
Nambath K. Balachandran
Estimating disaggregated price elasticities in industrial energy demand
Econometric energy models are used to evaluate past policy experiences, assess the impact of future policies and forecast energy demand. This paper estimates an industrial energy demand model for the province of Ontario using a linear-logit specification for fuel type equations which are embedded in an aggregate energy demand equation. Short-term, long-term, own- and cross-price elasticities are estimated for electricity, natural gas, oil and coal. Own- and cross-price elasticities are disaggregated to show that overall price elasticities and the energy-constant price elasticities when aggregate energy use is held unchanged. These disaggregations suggest that a substantial part of energy conservation comes from the higher aggregate price of energy and not from interfuel substitution. 13 refs., 2 tabs.
Elkhafif, M.A.T. (Ontario Ministry of Energy, Toronto (Canada))
Peeling, healing and bursting in a lubricated elastic sheet
We consider the dynamics of an elastic sheet lubricated by the flow of a thin layer of fluid that separates it from a rigid wall. By considering long wavelength deformations of the sheet, we derive an evolution equation ...
Hosoi, A.E.
Elastic Strain Energy Effects on Grain Boundary Segregation and ...
Symposium, Integrated Computational Materials Engineering: Modeling and Simulation Applied to Metals Processing. Presentation Title, Elastic Strain Energy Effects on Grain Boundary ... Diffusivity and Mobility Data: Building Blocks for ICME.
Hadronic cross sections, elastic slope and physical bounds
An almost model-independent parametrization for the ratio of the total hadronic cross section to elastic slope is discussed. Its applicability in studies of asymptotia and analyses of extensive air shower in cosmic-ray physics is also outlined.
Fagundes, D. A.; Menon, M. J. [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas SP (Brazil)
Determination of Single Crystal Elastic Constants From DS- and DR ...
D.L. Anton, T. Khan, R.D. Kissinger, D.L. Klarstrom ... is determined by the two angles 8 and Q. The constants S,,, Su, and S,, characterize the elastic behaviour of�...
Determination of Elastic Twist in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs)
This report presents the results of a project at the Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) which measured and calculated the elastic twist of three representative composite horizontal-axis blades: Carter 300, Gougeon ESI 54, and UTRC 8 kW.
Stoddard, F.; Nelson, V.; Starcher, K.; Andrews, B.
Computing Clebsch-Gordan matrices with applications in elasticity theory
We provide an algorithm of computing Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for irreducible representations, with integer weights, of the rotation group SO(3) and demonstrate the convenience of this algorithm for constructing new (to our knowledge) models in anisotropic elasticity theory.
Svetlana Selivanova
The Effect of Wave Breaking on the Wave Energy Spectrum
The effect of wave breaking on the wave energy spectral shape is examined. The Stokes wave-breaking criterion is first extended to random waves and a breaking wave model is established in which the elevation of breaking waves is expressed in ...
C. C. Tung; N. E. Huang
Gravity, capillary and dilational wave mode resonance at a visco-elastic two-fluid interface
(cont.) space corresponding to experimental conditions to thereby interpret the experimental results. We tested this method on noisy simulated data sets and then applied it to published experimental data sets. We designed ...
Brown, Susan Jayne, 1967-
Aerosol elastic scatter signatures in the near- and mid-wave IR spectral regions
An essential milestone in the development of lidar for biological aerosol detection is accurate characterization of agent, simulant, and interferent scattering signatures. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed the Standoff ...
Lacirignola, Joseph J.
Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter
This program allowed further advancing the development of a novel type of wave energy converter, a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter or CycWEC. A CycWEC consists of one or more hydrofoils rotating around a central shaft, and operates fully submerged beneath the water surface. It operates under feedback control sensing the incoming waves, and converts wave power to shaft power directly without any intermediate power take off system. Previous research consisting of numerical simulations and two dimensional small 1:300 scale wave flume experiments had indicated wave cancellation efficiencies beyond 95%. The present work was centered on construction and testing of a 1:10 scale model and conducting two testing campaigns in a three dimensional wave basin. These experiments allowed for the first time for direct measurement of electrical power generated as well as the interaction of the CycWEC in a three dimensional environment. The Atargis team successfully conducted two testing campaigns at the Texas A&M Offshore Technology Research Center and was able to demonstrate electricity generation. In addition, three dimensional wave diffraction results show the ability to achieve wave focusing, thus increasing the amount of wave power that can be extracted beyond what was expected from earlier two dimensional investigations. Numerical results showed wave cancellation efficiencies for irregular waves to be on par with results for regular waves over a wide range of wave lengths. Using the results from previous simulations and experiments a full scale prototype was designed and its performance in a North Atlantic wave climate of average 30kW/m of wave crest was estimated. A full scale WEC with a blade span of 150m will deliver a design power of 5MW at an estimated levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in the range of 10-17 US cents per kWh. Based on the new results achieved in the 1:10 scale experiments these estimates appear conservative and the likely performance at full scale will exceed this initial performance estimates. In advancing the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this type of wave energy converter from 3 to 4, we find the CycWEC to exceed our initial estimates in terms of hydrodynamic performance. Once fully developed and optimized, it has the potential to not just outperform all other WEC technologies, but to also deliver power at a lower LCOE than competing conventional renewables like wind and solar. Given the large wave power resource both domestically and internationally, this technology has the potential to lead to a large improvement in our ability to produce clean electricity at affordable cost.
Stefan G. Siegel, Ph.D.
Time Reversal in Solids (Linear and Nonlinear Elasticity): Multimedia Resources in Time Reversal
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Dynamic nonlinear elastic behavior, nonequilibrium dynamics, first observed as a curiosity in earth materials has now been observed in a great variety of solids. The primary manifestations of the behavior are characteristic wave distortion, and slow dynamics, a recovery process to equilibrium that takes place linearly with the logarithm of time, over hours to days after a wave disturbance. The link between the diverse materials that exhibit nonequilibrium dynamics appears to be the presence of soft regions, thought to be 'damage' at many scales, ranging from order 10-9 m to 10-1 m at least. The regions of soft matter may be distributed as in a rock sample, or isolated, as in a sample with a single crack [LANLhttp://www.lanl.gov/orgs/ees/ees11/geophysics/nonlinear/nonlinear.shtml]. The Geophysics Group (EES-11) at Los Alamos National Laboratory has posted two or more multimedia items under each of the titles below to demonstrate aspects of their work: 1) Source Reconstruction Using Time Reversal; 2) Robustness and Efficiency of Time Reversal Acoustics in Solid Media; 3) Audio Example of Time Reversal - Speech Privacy; 4) Crack Imagining with Time Reversal - Experimental Results; 5) Time Reversal of the 2004 (M9.0) Sumatra Earthquake.
Price-elastic demand in deregulated electricity markets
The degree to which any deregulated market functions efficiently often depends on the ability of market agents to respond quickly to fluctuating conditions. Many restructured electricity markets, however, experience high prices caused by supply shortages and little demand-side response. We examine the implications for market operations when a risk-averse retailer's end-use consumers are allowed to perceive real-time variations in the electricity spot price. Using a market-equilibrium model, we find that price elasticity both increases the retailers revenue risk exposure and decreases the spot price. Since the latter induces the retailer to reduce forward electricity purchases, while the former has the opposite effect, the overall impact of price responsive demand on the relative magnitudes of its risk exposure and end-user price elasticity. Nevertheless, price elasticity decreases cumulative electricity consumption. By extending the analysis to allow for early settlement of demand, we find that forward stage end-user price responsiveness decreases the electricity forward price relative to the case with price-elastic demand only in real time. Moreover, we find that only if forward stage end-user demand is price elastic will the equilibrium electricity forward price be reduced.
Siddiqui, Afzal S.
Radiation waves can be detected by simultaneously measuring radiation- wave intensities at a plurality of space-distributed points and producing therefrom a plot of the wave intensity as a function of time. To this end. a detector system is provided which includes a plurality of nuclear radiation intensity detectors spaced at equal radial increments of distance from a source of nuclear radiation. Means are provided to simultaneously sensitize the detectors at the instant a wave of radiation traverses their positions. the detectors producing electrical pulses indicative of wave intensity. The system further includes means for delaying the pulses from the detectors by amounts proportional to the distance of the detectors from the source to provide an indication of radiation-wave intensity as a function of time.
Wouters, L.F.
electromagnetic wave travels through the rods along their axes it receives a 1/4 period of phase delay be- ... delay, creating positive interference that effectively
Trimodal steady water waves
We construct three-dimensional families of small-amplitude gravity-driven rotational steady water waves on finite depth. The solutions contain counter-currents and multiple crests in each minimal period. Each such wave generically is a combination of three different Fourier modes, giving rise to a rich and complex variety of wave patterns. The bifurcation argument is based on a blow-up technique, taking advantage of three parameters associated with the vorticity distribution, the strength of the background stream, and the period of the wave.
Mats Ehrnstr�m; Erik Wahl�n
RFI Comments - Wave Systems
... These attacks, such as those planted by rootkits ... PwC leveraged the power of TPMs to ... Wave EMBASSY� Remote Administration Server (ERAS) has ...
owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy�s National Nuclear Security Administration. SAND # 2013-8893 P WAVE REFLE TOR
Collapse of Alfven waves
The growth rates are calculated for the collapse of Alfven waves in a low-..beta.. plasma. The relationship to rf heating is discussed.(AIP)
Erokhin, N.S.; Moiseev, S.S.; Mukhin, V.V.
Energy Basics: Wave Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Tidal Energy Wave Energy...
Elastic Relaxation and Correlation of Local Strain Gradients with
Elastic Relaxation and Correlation Elastic Relaxation and Correlation of Local Strain Gradients with Ferroelectric Domains in (001) BiFeO3 Nanostructures Elastic Relaxation and Correlation of Local Strain Gradients with Ferroelectric Domains in (001) BiFeO3 Nanostructures Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory (MSD and CNM) have recently performed first worldwide studies of effects of nanopatterning on fundamental phenomena in mutiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanostructures, using the APS-CNM nanoprobe beam (50 nm diameter). Nano-focused x-ray diffraction microscopy provided new insights into the relationship between film strain and ferroelectric domains in nanostructures, namely: i) an out-of-plane strain enhancement of as much as -1.8% Δc/c in a BFO film-based nanostructure relative to a planar film; ii) out-of-plane BFO C-axis
CORELLI: the Elastic Diffuse Scattering Spectrometer at SNS | ORNL Neutron
The Elastic Diffuse Scattering Spectrometer The Elastic Diffuse Scattering Spectrometer CORELLI The CORELLI instrument. CORELLI is a statistical chopper spectrometer with energy discrimination. It's designed and optimized to probe complex disorder in crystalline materials through diffuse scattering of single-crystal samples. The momentum transfer ranges from 0.5 to 12 Å-1, and the energy of incident neutrons ranges from 10 to 200 meV. This instrument combines the high efficiency of white-beam Laue diffraction with energy discrimination by modulating the beam with a statistical chopper. A cross-correlation method is used to reconstruct the elastic signal from the modulated data. Accurate modeling of the short-range order associated with the diffuse scattering requires measurements over large volumes of three-dimensional reciprocal space, with sufficient momentum
The Impact of Spume Droplets and Wave Stress Parameterizations on Simulated Near-Surface Maritime Wind and Temperature
The influence of ocean gravity waves on the wind and temperature above the surface is investigated using a one-dimensional boundary layer model. The effect of the wave-induced stress is evaluated using three parameterizations: wave age (WaAg), ...
Valdir Innocentini; Iury Angelo Gon�alves
First-principles elastic properties of (alpha)-Pu
Density-functional electronic structure calculations have been used to investigate the ambient pressure and low temperature elastic properties of the ground-state {alpha} phase of plutonium metal. The electronic structure and correlation effects are modeled within a fully relativistic anti-ferromagnetic treatment with a generalized gradient approximation for the electron exchange and correlation functionals. The 13 independent elastic constants, for the monoclinic {alpha}-Pu system, are calculated for the observed geometry. A comparison of the results with measured data from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy for a cast sample is made.
Soderlind, P; Klepeis, J E
Quasi-Elastic Scattering in MINERvA
Determination of the quasi-elastic scattering cross-section over a broad range of neutrino energies, nuclear targets and Q{sup 2} is a primary goal of the MINERvA experiment. We present preliminary comparisons of data and simulation in a sample rich in {nu}-bar{sub {mu}}p{yields}{mu}{sup +}n events from approximately one eighth of the total {nu}-bar events collected by MINERvA to date. We discuss future plans for quasi-elastic analyses in MINERvA.
McFarland, Kevin S. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States) and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 (United States)
Accurate hydrogen depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis
A technique to convert reflection elastic recoil detection analysis spectra to depth profiles, the channel-depth conversion, was introduced by Verda, et al [1]. But the channel-depth conversion does not correct for energy spread, the unwanted broadening in the energy of the spectra, which can lead to errors in depth profiling. A work in progress introduces a technique that corrects for energy spread in elastic recoil detection analysis spectra, the energy spread correction [2]. Together, the energy spread correction and the channel-depth conversion comprise an accurate and convenient hydrogen depth profiling method.
Verda, R. D. (Raymond D.); Tesmer, Joseph R.; Nastasi, Michael Anthony,; Bower, R. W. (Robert W.)
Elastic-scattering measurement of the negative-pion radius
A new measurement of the elastic scattering of 250-GeV/c negative pions by electrons provides form-factor results from 0.0368 = 0.439 +- 0.030 fm/sup 2/ or /sup 1/2/ = 0.663 +- 0.023 fm. Comparisons are made with previous elastic-scattering experiments as well as with results obtained from electroproduction experiments, e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation experiments, and phenomenological analyses.
Dally, E.B.; Hauptman, J.M.; Kubic, J.
Persistent spin currents in an elastic Landau system
We consider a neutral particle with permanent magnetic dipole moment in an elastic medium with the presence of a uniform distribution of screw dislocations interacting with a radial electric field. We show that the uniform distribution of dislocations plays the role of an effective uniform magnetic field, and obtain a spectrum of energy which depends on the Aharonov-Casher geometric phase [Y. Aharonov and A. Casher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 319 (1984)]. Moreover, from the dependence of energy levels on the Aharonov-Casher geometric phase, we calculate the persistent spin currents in this elastic Landau system.
K. Bakke; C. Furtado
The focus of elastic-wavefield seismic stratigraphy research shifted from onshore prospects to marine environments during this report period. Four-component ocean-bottom-cable (4-C OBC) seismic data acquired in water depths of 2400 to 2500 feet across Green Canyon Block 237 in the Gulf of Mexico were processed and analyzed. The P-P and P-SV images of strata immediately below the seafloor exhibit amazing differences in P-P and P-SV seismic facies. These data may be one of the classic examples of the basic concepts of elastic-wavefield seismic stratigraphy.
Bob A. Hardage
Free-Wave Energy Dissipation in Experimental Breaking Waves
Several transient wave trains containing an isolated plunging or spilling breaker at a prescribed location were generated in a two-dimensional wave flume using an energy focusing technique. Surface elevation measurements of each transient wave ...
Eustorgio Meza; Jun Zhang; Richard J. Seymour
Quantum Shock Waves and Domain Walls in the Real-Time Dynamics of a Superfluid Unitary Fermi Gas
We show that in the collision of two superfluid fermionic atomic clouds one observes the formation of quantum shock waves as discontinuities in the number density and collective flow velocity. Domain walls, which are topological excitations of the superfluid order parameter, are also generated and exhibit abrupt phase changes by $\\pi$ and slower motion than the shock waves. The domain walls are distinct from the gray soliton train or number density ripples formed in the wake of the shock waves and observed in the collisions of superfluid bosonic atomic clouds. Domain walls with opposite phase jumps appear to collide elastically.
Aurel Bulgac; Yuan-Lung; Luo; Kenneth J. Roche
We show that in the collision of two superfluid fermionic atomic clouds one observes the formation of quantum shock waves as discontinuities in the number density and collective flow velocity. Domain walls, which are topological excitations of the superfluid order parameter, are also generated and exhibit abrupt phase changes by $\\pi$ and slower motion than the shock waves. The domain walls are distinct from the gray soliton train or number density ripples formed in the wake of the shock waves and observed in the collisions of superfluid bosonic atomic clouds. Domain walls with opposite phase jumps collide elastically.
Bulgac, Aurel; Luo, Yuan-Lung; Roche, Kenneth J.
Resonantly Forced Rossby Waves
A shallow, rotating layer of fluid that supports Rossby waves is subjected to turbulent friction through an Ekman layer at the bottom and is driven by a wave that exerts a shear stress on the upper boundary and for which the phase approximate ...
John Miles
Wave Energy Conversion Technology
Wave Energy Conversion Technology Wave Energy Conversion Technology Speaker(s): Mirko Previsic Date: August 2, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Julie Osborn Scientists have been working on wave power conversion for the past twenty years, but recent advances in offshore and IT technologies have made it economically competitive. Sea Power & Associates is a Berkeley-based renewable energy technology company. We have developed patented technology to generate electricity from ocean wave energy using a system of concrete buoys and highly efficient hydraulic pumps. Our mission is to provide competitively priced, non-polluting, renewable energy for coastal regions worldwide. Mirko Previsic, founder and CEO, of Sea Power & Associates will discuss ocean wave power, existing technologies for its conversion into
A reactive BGK-type model: influence of elastic collisions and chemical interactions
, momentum and total energy (kinetic plus internal chemical bond energy). Moreover the H theorem holds true is typical in Hydrogen combustion applications. #12;KINETIC MODEL With reference to Eq. (2), the microscopic reproduces the laws of chemical kinetics. #12;Conservation laws. Conservation of mass, momentum and total
Ceragioli, Francesca
Wave Mechanics without Probability
The behavior of monochromatic electromagnetic waves in stationary media is shown to be ruled by a frequency dependent function, which we call Wave Potential, encoded in the structure of the Helmholtz equation. Contrary to the common belief that the very concept of "ray trajectory" is reserved to the eikonal approximation, a general and exact ray-based Hamiltonian treatment, reducing to the eikonal approximation in the absence of Wave Potential, shows that its presence induces a mutual, perpendicular ray-coupling, which is the one and only cause of any typically wave-like phenomenon, such as diffraction and interference. Recalling, then, that the time-independent Schroedinger and Klein-Gordon equations (associating stationary "matter waves" to mono-energetic particles) are themselves Helmholtz-like equations, the exact, ray-based treatment developed for classical electromagnetic waves is extended - without resorting to statistical concepts - to the exact, trajectory-based Hamiltonian dynamics of mono-energetic point-like particles, both in the non-relativistic and in the relativistic case. The trajectories turn out to be perpendicularly coupled, once more, by an exact, stationary, energy-dependent Wave Potential, coinciding in the form, but not in the physical meaning, with the statistical, time-varying, energy-independent "Quantum Potential" of Bohm's theory, which views particles, just like the standard Copenhagen interpretation, as traveling wave-packets. These results, together with the connection which is shown to exist between Wave Potential and Uncertainty Principle, suggest a novel, non-probabilistic interpretation of Wave Mechanics.
Adriano Orefice; Raffaele Giovanelli; Domenico Ditto
Elastic approximation for a solar parabolic February 29, 2012
Elastic approximation for a solar parabolic trough February 29, 2012 Gang Xiao (University of Nice, France) Abstract For the production of the reective surface of a solar parabolic trough concentrator energy solutions. Introduction A parabolic trough [8] is a concentrating solar thermal energy collector
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
"Conservation Laws in Elasticity II. Linear Homogeneous Isotropic Elastostatics"
Errata "Conservation Laws in Elasticity II. Linear Homogeneous Isotropic Elastostatics" Archive tensor. They differ by a trivial conservation law z~a- S=/~(Vu r- (V'u) I), where "trivial" means conservation laws introduced on page 139, 4 = EHmBlm') (**) How does this affect the results in the paper
Olver, Peter
Conservation Laws in Elasticity II. Linear Homogeneous Isotropic Elastostatics
Conservation Laws in Elasticity II. Linear Homogeneous Isotropic Elastostatics PETER J. OLVER conservation laws. The importance of this quantity was demonstrated in its rediscovery and use by RICE [19 symmetries and conservation laws had been available since 1918, [14]. Be that as it may, the elementary
On dual conservation laws in planar elasticity Shaofan Li *
On dual conservation laws in planar elasticity Shaofan Li * Department of Civil and Environmental form 11 December 2003; accepted 30 January 2004 Abstract Dual conservation laws of linear planar generalized symmetry transformation or LieBacklund transformation, a class of new dual conservation laws
Li, Shaofan
On a class of inverse electrostatic and elasticity problems
We study the inverse electrostatic and elasticity problems associated with Poisson and Navier equations. The uniqueness of solutions of these problems is proved for piecewise constant electric charge and internal stress distributions having a checkered structure: they are constant on rectangular blocks. Such distributions appear naturally in practical applications. We also discuss computational challenges arising in the numerical implementation of our method.
Andrei Artemev; Leonid Parnovski; Iosif Polterovich
Provisioning Virtual Resources Adaptively in Elastic Compute Cloud Platforms
Provisioning Virtual machines on demand is significant in elastic compute cloud for reliable service delivery. The importance and major difficulty lies in satisfying the conflicting objectives of satisfying contracted service level agreement while lowering ... Keywords: Dynamic Resource Provision, Multi-Tier Applications, Virtual Machines, Virtualized Cloud Platform
Fan Zhang; Junwei Cao; Hong Cai; Cheng Wu
Neutron-deuteron elastic scattering and three-nucleon force
The differential cross section for neutron-deuteron elastic scattering was measured at six angles over the center-of-mass angular range 65? - 1300? and incident neutron energies 140 - 240 MeV at the LANSCE/WNR facility of ...
Chtangeev, Maxim B
Neutron Form Factor from Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Elastic Scattering
We analyze the prospect of measuring the neutron form factor of a nucleus through the detection of neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering. We predict numbers of events in a liquid noble nuclear recoil detector at a stopped pion neutrino source. We discuss the precision required to distinguish between different theoretical models for the form factor.
Philip S. Amanik; Gail C. McLaughlin
Drop Formation and Breakup of Low Viscosity Elastic Fluids: Effects of Molecular Weight and Concentration
The dynamics of drop formation and pinch-off have been investigated for a series of low viscosity elastic fluids possessing similar shear viscosities, but differing substantially in elastic properties. On initial approach ...
Tirtaatmadja, Viyada
Efficient control of series elastic actuators through the exploitation of resonant modes
This thesis explores the efficiency potential inherent to series elastic actuators during oscillatory tasks. Series elastic actuators have a spring intentionally placed at the actuator output that provides good force ...
Albert, Kevin B. (Kevin Bjorn)
An Analysis of the Price Elasticity of Demand for Household Appliances
D. and R. Rao. Effect of Price on the Demand for Durables:1997 Tellis, G. The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand: A1997 4 G. Tellis. "The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand:
Dale, Larry
Photon pressure induced test mass deformation in gravitational-wave detectors
A widely used assumption within the gravitational-wave community has so far been that a test mass acts like a rigid body for frequencies in the detection band, i.e. for frequencies far below the first internal resonance. In this article we demonstrate that localized forces, applied for example by a photon pressure actuator, can result in a non-negligible elastic deformation of the test masses. For a photon pressure actuator setup used in the gravitational wave detector GEO600 we measured that this effect modifies the standard response function by 10% at 1 kHz and about 100% at 2.5 kHz.
S. Hild; M. Brinkmann; K. Danzmann; H. Grote; M. Hewitson; J. Hough; H. Lueck; I. Martin; K. Mossavi; N. Rainer; S. Reid; J. R. Smith; K. Strain; M. Weinert; P. Willems; B. Willke; W. Winkler
Wave Energy | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
TODO: Add description List of Wave Energy Incentives Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleWaveEnergy&oldid267203" Category: Articles with outstanding TODO tasks...
Wave Energy | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
turn, rotates a turbine. Specially built seagoing vessels can also capture the energy of offshore waves. These floating platforms create electricity by funneling waves through...
Treatment of ion-atom collisions using a partial-wave expansion of the projectile wavefunction
We present calculations of ion-atom collisions using a partial-wave expansion of the projectile wavefunction. Most calculations of ion-atom collisions have typically used classical or plane-wave approximations for the projectile wavefunction, since partial-wave expansions are expected to require prohibitively large numbers of terms to converge scattering quantities. Here we show that such calculations are possible using modern high-performance computing. We demonstrate the utility of our method by examining elastic scattering of protons by hydrogen and helium atoms, problems familiar to undergraduate students of atomic scattering. Application to ionization of helium using partial-wave expansions of the projectile wavefunction, which has long been desirable in heavy-ion collision physics, is thus quite feasible.
Foster, M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Colgan, J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wong, T G [SANTA CLARA U; Madison, D H [MISSOURI U
Accuracy of Hartree-Fock wave functions for electron-H/sub 2/ scattering calculations
Recent papers on electron-N/sub 2/ scattering by Rumble, Stevens, and Truhlar (J. Phys. B 17, 3151 (1984)) and Weatherford, Brown, and Temkin (Phys. Rev. A 35, 4561 (1987)) have suggested that Hartree-Fock (HF) wave functions may not be accurate for calculating potentials for use in studying electron-molecule collisions. A comparison of results for electron-H/sub 2/ scattering using both correlated and HF wave functions is presented. It is found that for both elastic and inelastic collisions and for all energies considered (up to 10 eV) the HF wave functions yield results in excellent agreement with those obtained from the more accurate wave functions.
Feldt, A.N.
Evaluation of a Wind-Wave System for Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Wave Forecasting. Part II: Waves
A wind-wave forecast system, designed with the intention of generating unbiased ensemble wave forecasts for extreme wind events, is assessed. Wave hindcasts for 12 tropical cyclones (TCs) are forced using a wind analysis produced from a ...
Steven M. Lazarus; Samuel T. Wilson; Michael E. Splitt; Gary A. Zarillo
wave | OpenEI
9 9 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142281559 Varnish cache server wave Dataset Summary Description This project estimates the naturally available and technically recoverable U.S. wave energy resources, using a 51-month Wavewatch III hindcast database developed especially for this study by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Centers for Environmental Prediction. For total resource estimation, wave power density in terms of kilowatts per meter is aggregated across a unit diameter circle. Source Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Date Released December 05th, 2011 (3 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords
Bonding in hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride films investigated H NMR spectroscopy
Bonding in hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride films investigated using 15 N, 13 C, and 1 H Received 14 February 2003; published 5 November 2003 The nitrogen bonding in hard and elastic amorphous substrates at 300 °C. Nanoindentation tests revealed an elastic recovery of 80%, a hardness of 5 GPa
Reilly, Anne
Efficient provisioning of bursty scientific workloads on the cloud using adaptive elasticity control
Elasticity is the ability of a cloud infrastructure to dynamically change the amount of resources allocated to a running service as load changes. We build an autonomous elasticity controller that changes the number of virtual machines allocated to a ... Keywords: cloud computing, elasticity, proportional control
Ahmed Ali-Eldin; Maria Kihl; Johan Tordsson; Erik Elmroth
Application of Nonlinear Elastic Resonance Spectroscopy For Damage Detection In Concrete: An Interesting Story
Nonlinear resonance ultrasound spectroscopy experiments conducted on concrete cores, one chemically and mechanically damaged by alkali-silica reactivity, and one undamaged, show that this material displays highly nonlinear wave behavior, similar to many other damaged materials. They find that the damaged sample responds more nonlinearly, manifested by a larger resonant peak and modulus shift as a function of strain amplitude. The nonlinear response indicates that there is a hysteretic influence in the stress-strain equation of state. Further, as in some other materials, slow dynamics are present. The nonlinear response they observe in concrete is an extremely sensitive indicator of damage. Ultimately, nonlinear wave methods applied to concrete may be used to guide mixing, curing, or other production techniques, in order to develop materials with particular desired qualities such as enhanced strength or chemical resistance, and to be used for damage inspection.
Byers, Loren W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ten Cate, James A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Johnson, Paul A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Signature of Inertial and Tidal Currents in Offshore Wave Records
The roughness of the sea surface can be affected by strong currents. Here, long records of surface wave heights from buoy observations in the northeastern Pacific Ocean are examined. The data show the influence of tidal currents, but the first ...
Johannes Gemmrich; Chris Garrett
Relationships of Biomass-Burning Aerosols to Ice in Orographic Wave Clouds
Ice concentrations in orographic wave clouds at temperatures between ?24� and ?29�C were shown to be related to aerosol characteristics in nearby clear air during five research flights over the Rocky Mountains. When clouds with influence from ...
Cynthia H. Twohy; Paul J. DeMott; Kerri A. Pratt; R. Subramanian; Gregory L. Kok; Shane M. Murphy; Traci Lersch; Andrew J. Heymsfield; Zhien Wang; Kim A. Prather; John H. Seinfeld
Traveling-wave photodetector
The traveling-wave photodetector of the present invention combines an absorptive optical waveguide and an electrical transmission line, in which optical absorption in the waveguide results in a photocurrent at the electrodes of the electrical transmission line. The optical waveguide and electrical transmission line of the electrically distributed traveling-wave photodetector are designed to achieve matched velocities between the light in the optical waveguide and electrical signal generated on the transmission line. This velocity synchronization provides the traveling-wave photodetector with a large electrical bandwidth and a high quantum efficiency, because of the effective extended volume for optical absorption. The traveling-wave photodetector also provides large power dissipation, because of its large physical size. 4 figures.
Hietala, V.M.; Vawter, G.A.
Forced Trench Waves
A general theory for forced barotropic long trench waves in the presence of linear bottom friction is presented. Two specific forcing mechanisms are considered: (i) transverse fluctuations in a western boundary current as it flows across a trench,...
Lawrence A. Mysak; Andrew J. Willmott
The traveling-wave photodetector of the present invention combines an absorptive optical waveguide and an electrical transmission line, in which optical absorption in the waveguide results in a photocurrent at the electrodes of the electrical transmission line. The optical waveguide and electrical transmission line of the electrically distributed traveling-wave photodetector are designed to achieve matched velocities between the light in the optical waveguide and electrical signal generated on the transmission line. This velocity synchronization provides the traveling-wave photodetector with a large electrical bandwidth and a high quantum efficiency, because of the effective extended volume for optical absorption. The traveling-wave photodetector also provides large power dissipation, because of its large physical size.
Hietala, Vincent M. (Placitas, NM); Vawter, Gregory A. (Albuquerque, NM)
Propagation and Decay of Forced and Free Baroclinic Rossby Waves in Off-Equatorial Oceans
Baroclinic Rossby wave motions in the off-equatorial oceans are investigated with emphasis on how eddy dissipation can influence the propagation of the height anomalies when both the forced wave response to wind in the interior ocean and the free ...
Bo Qiu; Weifeng Miao; Peter M�ller
The Wavy Ekman Layer: Langmuir Circulations, Breaking Waves, and Reynolds Stress
Large-eddy simulations are made for the canonical Ekman layer problem of a steady wind above a uniformly rotating, constant-density ocean. The focus is on the influence of surface gravity waves: namely, the wave-averaged Stokes-Coriolis and Stokes-...
James C. McWilliams; Edward Huckle; Jun-Hong Liang; Peter P. Sullivan
Structure of neutron-rich Isotopes {sup 8}Li and {sup 9}Li and allowance for it in elastic scattering
The differential cross sections for elastic proton scattering on the unstable neutron-rich nuclei {sup 8}Li and {sup 9}Li at E = 700 and 60 MeV per nucleon were considered. The {sup 8}Li nucleus was treated on the basis of the three-body {alpha}-t-n model, while the {sup 9}Li nucleus was considered within the {alpha}-t-n and {sup 7}Li-n-n models. The cross sections in question were calculated within Glauber diffraction theory. A comparison of the results with available experimental data made it possible to draw conclusions on the quality of the wave functions and potential used in the calculations.
Ibraeva, E. T., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute for Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan); Zhusupov, M. A.; Imambekov, O.; Sagindykov, Sh. Sh. [Al Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan)
Internal states of model isotropic granular packings. III. Elastic properties
In this third and final paper of a series, elastic properties of numerically simulated isotropic packings of spherical beads assembled by different procedures and subjected to a varying confining pressure P are investigated. In addition P, which determines the stiffness of contacts by Hertz's law, elastic moduli are chiefly sensitive to the coordination number, the possible values of which are not necessarily correlated with the density. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results for glass beads in the 10kPa-10MPa range reveal similar differences between dry samples compacted by vibrations and lubricated packings. The greater stiffness of the latter, in spite of their lower density, can hence be attributed to a larger coordination number. Voigt and Reuss bounds bracket bulk modulus B accurately, but simple estimation schemes fail for shear modulus G, especially in poorly coordinated configurations under low P. Tenuous, fragile networks respond differently to changes in load direction, as compared to lo...
Agnolin, Ivana
Elastic properties of Pu metal and Pu-Ga alloys
We present elastic properties, theoretical and experimental, of Pu metal and Pu-Ga ({delta}) alloys together with ab initio equilibrium equation-of-state for these systems. For the theoretical treatment we employ density-functional theory in conjunction with spin-orbit coupling and orbital polarization for the metal and coherent-potential approximation for the alloys. Pu and Pu-Ga alloys are also investigated experimentally using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. We show that orbital correlations become more important proceeding from {alpha} {yields} {beta} {yields} {gamma} plutonium, thus suggesting increasing f-electron correlation (localization). For the {delta}-Pu-Ga alloys we find a softening with larger Ga content, i.e., atomic volume, bulk modulus, and elastic constants, suggest a weakened chemical bonding with addition of Ga. Our measurements confirm qualitatively the theory but uncertainties remain when comparing the model with experiments.
Soderlind, P; Landa, A; Klepeis, J E; Suzuki, Y; Migliori, A
Spin Effects in High Energy Hadron Elastic Scattering
The interference of the electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude with a hadronic spin-nonflip amplitude in elastic scattering leads to significant spin dependencies at very low momentum transfer t. Recent results on AN and ANN in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at very low t using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the 100 GeV/c polarized proton beam are at RHIC are presented. Our AN pp data are well described with the electromagnetic spin-flip alone and do not support the presence of a large hadronic spin-flip amplitude. The double spin asymmetry ANN is found to be consistent with zero over the whole measured t range, indicating that double spin-flip amplitudes do not play a role in this kinematical region.
Bravar, Alessandro [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States)
Microsoft Word - Fuel Substitution Elasticities final.docx
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Fuel Competition in Power Generation Fuel Competition in Power Generation and Elasticities of Substitution June 2012 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Fuel Competition in Power Generation and Elasticities of Substitution i This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or
The Influence of Propagating Waves on Cross-Stream Excursions
A kinematic model is developed to examine the relationship between meander propagation and Lagrangian pressure change within a meandering jet. Basically, the model equates changes in pressure along the path of a water parcel with the cross-stream ...
M. Susan Lozier; Timothy J. Bold; Amy S. Bower
Elasticities of Electricity Demand in Urban Indian Households
Energy demand, and in particular electricity demand in India has been growing at a very rapid rate over the last decade. Given, current trends in population growth, industrialisation, urbanisation, modernisation and income growth, electricity consumption is expected to increase substantially in the coming decades as well. Tariff reforms could play a potentially important role as a demand side management tool in India. However, the effects of any price revisions on consumption will depend on the price elasticity of demand for electricity. In the past, electricity demand studies for India published in international journals have been based on aggregate macro data at the country or sub-national / state level. In this paper, price and income elasticities of electricity demand in the residential sector of all urban areas of India are estimated for the first time using disaggregate level survey data for over thirty thousand households. Three electricity demand functions have been estimated using monthly data for the following seasons: winter, monsoon and summer. The results show electricity demand is income and price inelastic in all three seasons, and that household, demographic and geographical variables are important in determining electricity demand, something that is not possible to determine using aggregate macro models alone. Key Words Residential electricity demand, price elasticity, income elasticity Short Title Electricity demand in Indian households Acknowledgements: The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Sample Survey Organisation, Department of Statistics of the Government of India, for making available to us the unit level, household survey data. We would also like to thank Prof. Daniel Spreng for his support of our research. 2 1.
Shonali Pachauri
Neutral Current Elastic Interactions in MiniBooNE
Neutral Current Elastic (NCE) interactions in MiniBooNE are discussed. In the neutrino mode MiniBooNE reported: the flux averaged NCE differential cross section as a function of four-momentum transferred squared, an axial mass (M{sub A}) measurement, and a measurement of the strange quark spin content of the nucleon, {Delta}s. In the antineutrino mode we present the background-subtracted data which is compared with the Monte Carlo predictions.
Dharmapalan, Ranjan; /Alabama U.
Energy current imaging method for time reversal in elastic media
An energy current imaging method is presented for use in locating sources of wave energy during the back propagation stage of the time reversal process. During the back propagation phase of an ideal time reversal experiment, wave energy coalesces from all angles of incidence to recreate the source event; after the recreation, wave energy diverges in every direction. An energy current imaging method based on this convergence/divergence behavior has been developed. The energy current imaging method yields a smaller spatial distribution for source reconstruction than is possible with traditional energy imaging methods.
Anderson, Brian E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ulrich, Timothy J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Le Bas, Pierre - Yves A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Larmat, Carene [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Johnson, Paul A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Guyer, Robert A [UNR; Griffa, Michele [ETH ZURICH
This patent relates to means for ascertaining the instant of arrival of a shock wave in an exploslve charge and apparatus utilizing this means to coordinate the timing of two operations involving a short lnterval of time. A pair of spaced electrodes are inserted along the line of an explosive train with a voltage applied there-across which is insufficient to cause discharge. When it is desired to initiate operation of a device at the time the explosive shock wave reaches a particular point on the explosive line, the device having an inherent time delay, the electrodes are located ahead of the point such that the ionization of the area between the electrodes caused by the traveling explosive shock wave sends a signal to initiate operation of the device to cause it to operate at the proper time. The operated device may be photographic equipment consisting of an x-ray illuminating tube.
Tuck, J.L.
Standing wave compressor
A compressor for compression-evaporation cooling systems, which requires no moving parts. A gaseous refrigerant inside a chamber is acoustically compressed and conveyed by means of a standing acoustic wave which is set up in the gaseous refrigerant. This standing acoustic wave can be driven either by a transducer, or by direct exposure of the gas to microwave and infrared sources, including solar energy. Input and output ports arranged along the chamber provide for the intake and discharge of the gaseous refrigerant. These ports can be provided with optional valve arrangements, so as to increase the compressor's pressure differential. The performance of the compressor in either of its transducer or electromagnetically driven configurations, can be optimized by a controlling circuit. This controlling circuit holds the wavelength of the standing acoustical wave constant, by changing the driving frequency in response to varying operating conditions.
Lucas, Timothy S. (4614 River Mill Ct., Glen Allen, VA 23060)
Piezoelectric wave motor
A piezoelectric motor having a stator in which piezoelectric elements are contained in slots formed in the stator transverse to the desired wave motion. When an electric field is imposed on the elements, deformation of the elements imposes a force perpendicular to the sides of the slot, deforming the stator. Appropriate frequency and phase shifting of the electric field will produce a wave in the stator and motion in a rotor. In a preferred aspect, the piezoelectric elements are configured so that deformation of the elements in direction of an imposed electric field, generally referred to as the d.sub.33 direction, is utilized to produce wave motion in the stator. In a further aspect, the elements are compressed into the slots so as to minimize tensile stresses on the elements in use.
Yerganian, Simon Scott (Lee' s Summit, MO)
A piezoelectric motor having a stator in which piezoelectric elements are contained in slots formed in the stator transverse to the desired wave motion. When an electric field is imposed on the elements, deformation of the elements imposes a force perpendicular to the sides of the slot, deforming the stator. Appropriate frequency and phase-shifting of the electric field will produce a wave in the stator and motion in a rotor. In a preferred aspect, the piezoelectric elements are configured so that deformation of the elements in the direction of an imposed electric field, generally referred to as the d.sub.33 direction, is utilized to produce wave motion in the stator. In a further aspect, the elements are compressed into the slots so as to minimize tensile stresses on the elements in use.
Ultrasonic shear wave couplant
Ultrasonically testing of an article at high temperatures is accomplished by the use of a compact layer of a dry ceramic powder as a couplant in a method which involves providing an ultrasonic transducer as a probe capable of transmitting shear waves, coupling the probe to the article through a thin compact layer of a dry ceramic powder, propagating a shear wave from the probe through the ceramic powder and into the article to develop echo signals, and analyzing the echo signals to determine at least one physical characteristic of the article.
Kupperman, David S. (Oak Park, IL); Lanham, Ronald N. (Lockport, IL)
Kupperman, D.S.; Lanham, R.N.
Expanding impulsive gravitational waves
We explicitly demonstrate that the known solutions for expanding impulsive spherical gravitational waves that have been obtained by a "cut and paste" method may be considered to be impulsive limits of the Robinson-Trautman vacuum type N solutions. We extend these results to all the generically distinct subclasses of these solutions in Minkowski, de Sitter and anti-de Sitter backgrounds. For these we express the solutions in terms of a continuous metric. Finally, we also extend the class of spherical shock gravitational waves to include a non-zero cosmological constant.
J. Podolsky; J. B. Griffiths
Wave�Turbulence Interactions in a Breaking Mountain Wave
The mean and turbulent structures in a breaking mountain wave are considered through an ensemble of high-resolution (essentially large-eddy simulation) wave-breaking calculations. Of particular interest are the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes ...
Craig C. Epifanio; Tingting Qian
Effects of Long Waves on Wind-Generated Waves
A model is developed to explain the observation made in several laboratory experiments that short wind-generated waves are suppressed by a train of long, mechanically generated waves. A sheltering mechanism is responsible for generation of the ...
Gang Chen; Stephen E. Belcher
Scalar evolution equations for shear waves in incompressible solids: A simple derivation of the Z, ZK, KZK, and KP equations
We study the propagation of two-dimensional finite-amplitude shear waves in a nonlinear pre-strained incompressible solid, and derive several asymptotic amplitude equations in a simple, consistent, and rigorous manner. The scalar Zabolotskaya (Z) equation is shown to be the asymptotic limit of the equations of motion for all elastic generalized neo-Hookean solids (with strain energy depending only on the first principal invariant of Cauchy-Green strain). However, we show that the Z equation cannot be a scalar equation for the propagation of two-dimensional shear waves in general elastic materials (with strain energy depending on the first and second principal invariants of strain). Then we introduce dispersive and dissipative terms to deduce the scalar Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP), Zabolotskaya-Khokhlov (ZK) and Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equations of incompressible solid mechanics.
Michel Destrade; Alain Goriely; Giuseppe Saccomandi
Magnetic field effect on stimulated Raman scattering of electromagnetic waves from nanoparticle lattice
The influence of a static magnetic field on the Raman scattering of a millimeter pump wave propagating through periodic nanoparticles is studied. Formulas for the growth rate of the scattered electromagnetic wave and the electrostatic wave are derived and analyzed. It is found that the growth rate for the backscattering case is larger than that of forward scattering and the growth rate is increased by the static magnetic field. A resonance in the dispersion relation of the electromagnetic wave is found as a combination of the cyclotron and plasma frequency. However, no instability was found for this lower branch of the dispersion curve.
Chakhmachi, A. [Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 14155-1339, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Maraghechi, B. [Department of Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Distinguishing Propagating Waves and Standing Modes: An Internal Wave Model
This paper examines high-frequency (0.1-0.5 cph) internal waves, waves previously characterized by the Garrett and Munk spectral fits (GM72, GM75, GM79) as being vertically symmetric propagating waves (or equivalently �smeared� standing modes�...
M. Benno Blumenthal; Melbourne G. Briscoe
Wave Activity Diagnostics Applied to Baroclinic Wave Life Cycles
Wave activity diagnostics are calculated for four different baroclinic wave life cycles, including the LC1 and LC2 cases studied by Thorncroft, Hoskins, and McIntyre. The wave activity is a measure of the disturbance relative to some zonally ...
Gudrun Magnusdottir; Peter H. Haynes
Wave Breaking Dissipation in the Wave-Driven Ocean Circulation
If wave breaking modifies the Lagrangian fluid paths by inducing an uncertainty in the orbit itself and this uncertainty on wave motion time scales is observable as additive noise, it is shown that within the context of a wave�current interaction ...
Juan M. Restrepo
Evolution of a Random Directional Wave and Freak Wave Occurrence
The evolution of a random directional wave in deep water was studied in a laboratory wave tank (50 m long, 10 m wide, 5 m deep) utilizing a directional wave generator. A number of experiments were conducted, changing the various spectral ...
Takuji Waseda; Takeshi Kinoshita; Hitoshi Tamura
Water Waves and Integrability
The Euler's equations describe the motion of inviscid fluid. In the case of shallow water, when a perturbative asymtotic expansion of the Euler's equations is taken (to a certain order of smallness of the scale parameters), relations to certain integrable equations emerge. Some recent results concerning the use of integrable equation in modeling the motion of shallow water waves are reviewed in this contribution.
Rossen I. Ivanov
Deflagration Wave Profiles
Shock initiation in a plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) is due to hot spots. Current reactive burn models are based, at least heuristically, on the ignition and growth concept. The ignition phase occurs when a small localized region of high temperature (or hot spot) burns on a fast time scale. This is followed by a growth phase in which a reactive front spreads out from the hot spot. Propagating reactive fronts are deflagration waves. A key question is the deflagration speed in a PBX compressed and heated by a shock wave that generated the hot spot. Here, the ODEs for a steady deflagration wave profile in a compressible fluid are derived, along with the needed thermodynamic quantities of realistic equations of state corresponding to the reactants and products of a PBX. The properties of the wave profile equations are analyzed and an algorithm is derived for computing the deflagration speed. As an illustrative example, the algorithm is applied to compute the deflagration speed in shock compressed PBX 9501 as a function of shock pressure. The calculated deflagration speed, even at the CJ pressure, is low compared to the detonation speed. The implication of this are briefly discussed.
Menikoff, Ralph [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Pulsed wave interconnect
Pulsed wave interconnect is proposed for global interconnect applications. Signals are represented by localized wavepackets that propagate along the interconnect lines at the local speed of light to trigger the receivers. Energy consumption is reduced ... Keywords: CMOS, VLSI, high-speed interconnect, nonlinear transmission line, pulse compression, soliton, wafer-scale-integration
Pingshan Wang; Gen Pei; Edwin Chih-Chuan Kan
Finite-amplitude inhomogeneous plane waves in a deformed Mooney-Rivlin material
The propagation of finite-amplitude linearly-polarized inhomogeneous transverse plane waves is considered for a Mooney-Rivlin material maintained in a state of finite static homogeneous deformation. It is shown that such waves are possible provided that the directions of the normal to the planes of constant phase and of the normal to the planes of constant amplitude are orthogonal and conjugate with respect to the B-ellipsoid, where B is the left Cauchy-Green strain tensor corresponding to the initial deformation. For these waves, it is found that even though the system is non-linear, results on energy flux are nevertheless identical with corresponding results in the classical linearized elasticity theory. Byproducts of the results are new exact static solutions for the Mooney-Rivlin material.
Michel Destrade
Diffusive Transport by Breaking Waves
A simple conceptual model of the relationship between advective transport by breaking waves and diffusive transport is derived. line model postulates that the displacement of fluid parcels by a breaking wave is analogous to molecular diffusion (...
Kenneth P. Bowman
Spectral Wave�Turbulence Decomposition
A new method of wave�turbulence decomposition is introduced, for which the only instrument required is one high-frequency pointwise velocity sensor. This is a spectral method that assumes equilibrium turbulence and no wave�turbulence interaction. ...
Jeremy D. Bricker; Stephen G. Monismith
Numerical Dispersion of Gravity Waves
When atmospheric gravity waves are simulated in numerical models, they are not only dispersive for physical but also for numerical reasons. Their wave properties (e.g., damping or propagation speed and direction) can depend on grid spacing as ...
Guido Schroeder; K. Heinke Schl�nzen
Sodium Nightglow and Gravity Waves
Oscillations in intensity of NaD nightglow attributed to mesospheric gravity waves have bean studied. Fractional atmospheric density perturbations have been obtained by means of the linear gravity waves theory of Hines. Values of other parameters ...
A. Molina
Integral identities for a semi-infinite interfacial crack in 2D and 3D elasticity
The paper is concerned with the problem of a semi-infinite crack at the interface between two dissimilar elastic half-spaces, loaded by a general asymmetrical system of forces distributed along the crack faces. On the basis of the weight function approach and the fundamental reciprocal identity (Betti formula), we formulate the elasticity problem in terms of singular integral equations relating the applied loading and the resulting crack opening. Such formulation is fundamental in the theory of elasticity and extensively used to solve several problems in linear elastic fracture mechanics (for instance various classic crack problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous media). This formulation is also crucial in important recent multiphysics applications, where the elastic problem is coupled with other concurrent physical phenomena. A paradigmatic example is hydraulic fracturing, where the elasticity equations are coupled with fluid dynamics.
Andrea Piccolroaz; Gennady Mishuris
Piccolroaz, Andrea
Applications of the thermodynamics of elastic, crystalline materials
The thermodynamic behaviors of multicomponent, elastic, crystalline solids under stress and electro-magnetic fields are developed, including the extension of Euler��?s equation, Gibbs equation, Gibbs-Duhem equation, the conditions to be expected at equilibrium, and an extension of the Gibbs phase rule. The predictions of this new phase rule are compared with experimental observations. The stress deformation behaviors of the single martensitic crystal with and without magnetic fields were studied with the stress deformation equation derived by Slattery and Si (2005). One coherent interfacial condition between two martensitic variants was developed and used as one boundary condition of the problem. The dynamic magnetic actuation process of the single crystal actuator was analyzed. The extension velocity and the actuation time of the single crystal actuator are predicted. The relationship between the external stress and the extension velocity and the actuation time with the presence of a large external magnetic field was studied. The extended Gibbs-Duhem equation and Slattery-Lagoudas stress-deformation expression for crystalline solids was used. Interfacial constraints on the elastic portion of stress for crystalline-crystalline interfaces and crystalline-fluids or crystallineamorphous solids interfaces were derived and tested by the oxidation on the exterior of a circular cylinder, one-sided and two-sided oxidation of a plate. An experiment for measuring solid-solid interface surface energies was designed and the silicon-silicon dioxide surface energy was estimated. A new generalized Clausius-Clapeyron equation has been derived for elastic crystalline solids as well as fluids and amorphous solids. Special cases are pertinent to coherent interfaces as well as the latent heat of transformation.
Si, Xiuhua
Studying neutrino oscillations using quasi-elastic events in MINOS
MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search), is a long baseline neutrino experiment designed to search for neutrino oscillations using two detectors at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, IL (Near Detector) and Soudan, MN (Far Detector). It will study {nu}{sub {mu}} {yields} {nu}{sub {tau}} oscillations and make a measurement on the oscillation parameters, {Delta}m{sub 23}{sup 2} and sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 23}, via a {nu}{sub {mu}} beam made at Fermilab. Charge current neutrino interactions in the MINOS detectors are of three types: quasi-elastic scattering (QEL), resonance scattering (RES) and deep inelastic scattering (DIS). Of these, quasi-elastic scattering leaves the cleanest signal with just one {mu} and one proton in the final state, thus rendering the reconstruction of the neutrino energy more accurate. This thesis will outline a method to separate QEL events from the others in the two detectors and perform a calculation of {Delta}m{sub 23}{sup 2} and sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 23} using those events. The period under consideration was May 2005 to February 2006. The number of observed quasi-elastic events with energies below 10 GeV was 29, where the expected number was 60 {+-} 3. A fit to the energy distribution of these events gives {Delta}m{sub 23}{sup 2} = 2.91{sub -0.53}{sup +0.49}(stat){sub -0.09}{sup +0.08}(sys) x 10{sup -3} eV{sup 2} and sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 23} = 0.990{sub -0.180}(stat){sub -0.030}(sys).
Kumaratunga, Sujeewa Terasita; /Minnesota U.
Test of Fermi Gas Model and Plane-Wave Impulse Approximation Against Electron-Nucleus Scattering Data
A widely used relativistic Fermi gas model and plane-wave impulse approximation are tested against electron-nucleus scattering data. Inclusive quasi-elastic cross section are calculated and compared with high-precision data for C, O, and Ca. A dependence of agreement between calculated cross section and data on a momentum transfer is shown. Results for the C(nu_mu,mu) reaction are presented and compared with experimental data of the LSND collaboration.
A. V. Butkevich; S. P. Mikheyev
Gravitational waves and fundamental physics
I give an overview of the motivations for gravitational-wave research, concentrating on the aspects related to ``fundamental'' physics.
Michele Maggiore
Gravitational Wave Sources: An Overview
With full?sensitivity operation of the first generation of gravitational wave detectors now just around the corner
Bernard F. Schutz
Kinetic Theory of Plasma Waves
Kinetic Wave Theory / Proceedings of the Tenth Carolus Magnus Summer School on Plasma and Fusion Energy Physics
D. Van Eester; E. Lerche
Energy Dependence of the NN t-matrix in the Optical Potential for Elastic Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering
The influence of the energy dependence of the free NN t-matrix on the optical potential of nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering is investigated within the context of a full-folding model based on the impulse approximation. The treatment of the pole structure of the NN t-matrix, which has to be taken into account when integrating to negative energies is described in detail. We calculate proton-nucleus elastic scattering observables for 16 O, 40 Ca, and 208 Pb between 65 and 200 MeV laboratory energy and study the effect of the energy dependence of the NN t-matrix. We compare this result with experiment and with calculations where the center-of-mass energy of the NN t-matrix is fixed at half the projectile energy. It is found that around 200 MeV the fixed energy approximation is a very good representation of the full calculation, however deviations occur when going to lower energies (65 MeV).
Ch. Elster
Energy Loss by Breaking waves
Observations of the frequency of wind wave breaking in deep water are combined with laboratory estimates of the rate of energy loss a from single breaking wave to infer the net rate of energy transfer to the mixed layer from breaking waves, as a ...
S. A. Thorpe
Long-Wave Trapping by Oceanic Ridges
Long waves are affected by bottom topography and under certain conditions may be trapped along topographical contours which then act as wave guides transmitting wave energy for great distances with little loss. This study examines waves trapped ...
Richard Paul Shaw; Wayne Neu
Strange Quark Contribution to the Proton Spin, from Elastic $\\vec{e}p$ and $?p$ Scattering
The strangeness contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the proton is presented for momentum transfers in the range 0.45 Lab, and elastic $\
Stephen Pate
Elasticity of Demand for Relative Petroleum Inventory in the Short Run
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Elasticity of Demand for Relative Petroleum Inventory in the Short Run MICHAEL YE,? JOHN ZYREN,?? AND JOANNE SHORE?? Abstract To better understand petroleum ...
Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering: theoretical issues
Recent theoretical developments on selected topics in the effect of two-photon exchange on elastic electron-proton scattering are reviewed.
Blunden, Peter G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 (Canada)
The Effect of Elastic Interaction Energy on the Shape of Gamma ...
the conception that the elastic interaction between the dou- blet or the ogdoad formed by the split decreases the total energy by over- coming the increase in�...
Market Share Elasticities for Fuel and Technology Choice in Home Heating and Cooling
Own-Elasticities for Space Conditioning Equipment Equipmentthe choice of a space heat/air conditioning combination. Theutility from air conditioning and space heating alternative
Wood, D.J.
Massless Dirac equation as a special case of Cosserat elasticity
We suggest an alternative mathematical model for the massless neutrino. Consider an elastic continuum in 3-dimensional Euclidean space and assume that points of this continuum can experience no displacements, only rotations. This framework is a special case of the so-called Cosserat theory of elasticity. Rotations of points of the continuum are described by attaching to each point an orthonormal basis which gives a field of orthonormal bases called the coframe. As the dynamical variables (unknowns) of our theory we choose a coframe and a density. We write down a potential energy which is conformally invariant and then incorporate time in the standard Newtonian way, by subtracting kinetic energy. Finally, we rewrite the resulting nonlinear variational problem in terms of an unknown spinor field. We look for quasi-stationary solutions, i.e. solutions that harmonically oscillate in time. We prove that in the quasi-stationary setting our model is equivalent to a pair of massless Dirac equations. The crucial element of the proof is the observation that our Lagrangian admits a factorisation.
Olga Chervova; Dmitri Vassiliev
Radial elasticity of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes
We investigated the radial mechanical properties of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MW-BNNTs) using atomic force microscopy. The employed MW-BNNTs were synthesized using pressurized vapor/condenser (PVC) methods and were dispersed in aqueous solution using ultrasonication methods with the aid of ionic surfactants. Our nanomechanical measurements reveal the elastic deformational behaviors of individual BNNTs with two to four tube walls in their transverse directions. Their effective radial elastic moduli were obtained through interpreting their measured radial deformation profiles using Hertzian contact mechanics models. Our results capture the dependences of the effective radial moduli of MW-BNNTs on both the tube outer diameter and the number of tube layers. The effective radial moduli of double-walled BNNTs are found to be several-fold higher than those of single-walled BNNTs within the same diameter range. Our work contributes directly to a complete understanding of the fundamental structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs and the pursuits of their novel structural and electronics applications.
Michael W. Smith, Cheol Park, Meng Zheng, Changhong Ke ,In-Tae Bae, Kevin Jordan
1 The Price Elasticity of Supply of Renewable Electricity Generation
Many states have adopted policies aimed at promoting the growth of renewable electricity within their state. The most salient of these policies is a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) which mandates that retail electricity providers purchase a predetermined fraction of their electricity from renewable sources. Renewable portfolio standards are a policy tool likely to persist for many decades due to the long term goals of many state RPSs and the likely creation of a federal RPS alongside any comprehensive climate change bill. However, there is little empirical evidence about the costs of these RPS policies. I take an instrumental variables approach to estimate the long-run price elasticity of supply of renewable generation. To instrument for the price paid to renewable generators I use the phased-in implementation of RPSs over time. Using this IV strategy, my preferred estimate of the supply elasticity is 2.7. This parameter allows me to measure the costs of carbon abatement in the electricity sector and to compare those costs with the costs of a broader based policy. Using my parameter estimates, I find that a policy to reduce the CO2 emissions in the northeastern US electricity sector by 2.5 % using only an RPS would cost at least six times more than the regional cap-and-trade system (Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative). The marginal cost of CO2 abatement is $12 using the most optimistic assumptions for an RPS compared to a marginal cost of abatement of $2 in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.
Erik Johnson; Erik Johnson
Charge Density Wave Compounds
Fisher Research Group Fisher Research Group Layered Chalcogenides 29 February 2008 Controlling the Wave by Brad Plummer, SLAC Communications Stanford University researchers working in part at SSRL have discovered a novel set of properties pertaining to a compound of materials called tritellurides. These compounds, composed of three atoms of tellurium and a single atom of one of the rare earth elements, demonstrate unique electronic properties that can be controlled by altering the temperature of the material. The tritellurides display phenomena known as charge density waves (CDW). In a normal conductive metal, electrons persist in a "sea" wherein they are evenly distributed and equally available, or conductive. A CDW occurs under certain circumstances and causes the electrons to clump together, lowering their availability, and thereby lowering the compound's conductivity. Tellurium, when crystallized into quasi-two-dimensional planes and combined with rare earth elements, produces a material with CDWs that can be manipulated and controlled.
DNA waves and water
Some bacterial and viral DNA sequences have been found to induce low frequency electromagnetic waves in high aqueous dilutions. This phenomenon appears to be triggered by the ambient electromagnetic background of very low frequency. We discuss this phenomenon in the framework of quantum field theory. A scheme able to account for the observations is proposed. The reported phenomenon could allow to develop highly sensitive detection systems for chronic bacterial and viral infections.
L. Montagnier; J. Aissa; E. Del Giudice; C. Lavallee; A. Tedeschi; G. Vitiello
The Life Cycle of a Mesoscale Gravity Wave as Observed by a Network of Doppler Wind Profilers
For the first time, an analysis has been made of the evolving vertical structure of a long-lived mesoscale gravity wave that exerted a strong influence upon the precipitation distribution across a large area. This paper describes this gravity ...
C. Michael Trexler; Steven E. Koch
Variability in the internal wave field induced by the Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current at 16�N
Five years of continuous mooring data combined with CTD/LADCP measurements from five cruises are used to investigate the influence of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) on the internal wave field and associated vertical mixing at the ...
Janna K�hler; Christian Mertens; Maren Walter; Uwe St�ber; Monika Rhein; Torsten Kanzow
This patent relates to wave-guides and in particular describes wave delaying structure located within a wave-guide. The disclosed wave-guide has an elongated fiat metal sheet arranged in a central plane of the guide and formed with a series of transverse inductive slots such that each face presents an inductive impedance to the guide. The sheet is thickened in the area between slots to increase the self capacity of the slots. Experimental results indicate that in a wave-guide loaded in accordance with the invention the guided wavelength changes more slowly as the air wavelength is changed than the guided wavelength does in wave-guides loaded by means of corrugations.
Robertson-Shersby-Harvie, R.B.; Dain, J.
On spectral approximation of static and dynamical problems for elastic multistructures
The present paper is devoted to the construction and investigation of algorithms of spectral approximation of three-dimensional problems for nonhomogeneous anisotropic elastic multistructures in curvilinear coordinates, which are junctions of three-dimensional ... Keywords: elastic multistructures, error bounds, spectral approximation
Gia Avalishvili; Mariam Avalishvili
Three-dimensional simulation of elastic capsules in shear flow by the penalty immersed boundary method
An improved penalty immersed boundary method (pIBM) has been proposed for simulation of flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional (3D) elastic capsules. The motion of the capsule membrane is described in the Lagrangian coordinates. The membrane deformation ... Keywords: Elastic capsule, Fluid-structure interaction, Penalty immersed boundary method, Red blood cell, Subdivision surface
Wei-Xi Huang; Cheong Bong Chang; Hyung Jin Sung
Two parabolic equations for propagation in layered poro-elastic media
Two parabolic equations for propagation in layered poro-elastic media Adam M. Metzlera) Applied 10 October 2012; revised 26 March 2013; accepted 9 May 2013) Parabolic equation methods for fluid. A previous parabolic equation solution for one model of range-independent poro-elastic media [Collins et al
Previous work showed differences in apparent elastic modulus between mechanical flexure testing and resonance methods. Flexure tests have been conducted using non-contact optical systems to directly measure deflection for calculation of elastic modulus. Dynamic test methods for elastic modulus measurement were conducted on the same material for comparison. The results show significant difference in the apparent elastic modulus for static flexure versus dynamic methods. The significance of the difference in apparent elastic modulus on thermal stress and the hypotheses for these differences will be discussed. Dynamic measurement (resonance) and static measurement (mechanical) produce different values for elastic modulus of porous cordierite ceramic. The elastic modulus from resonance is a measure of the material response at very low strain which is different from the material response in a mechanical test with relatively large strain. The apparent elastic moduli for dynamic versus static test methods in this study are different by a factor of two. This result has significant impact on calculated stress and life in an aftertreatment component.
Stafford, Randall [Cummins, Inc; Golovin, K. B. [Cummins, Inc; Dickinson, A. [Cummins, Inc; Watkins, Thomas R [ORNL; Shyam, Amit [ORNL; Lara-Curzio, Edgar [ORNL
Elastic sectional stress analysis of variable section piers subjected to three-dimensional loads
The elastic stress analysis of beam-column structures of uniaxial symmetrical variable cross-sections is developed using an extension of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The applied loads are general considering axial (P), flexure (M"x-M"y), shear (V"x-V"y), ... Keywords: Elastic sectional analysis, Shear stress, Tapered section, Three-dimensional loads, Variable section, Warping function
Lucian Stefan; Pierre L�ger
Matrix Fourier transform in dynamic theory of elasticity of piecewise homogeneous medium
The analytical solving dynamic problems of elasticity theory for piecewise homogeneous half-space is found. The explicit construction of direct and inverse Fourier's vector transform with discontinuous coefficients is presented. The technique of applying Fourier's vector transform with discontinuous coefficients for solving problems of mathematical physics in the heterogeneous environments is developed on an example of the dynamic problems of the elasticity theory.
O. Yaremko.; E. Mogileva
Analysis of the elastic behaviour of silica aerogels taken as a percolating system
289 Analysis of the elastic behaviour of silica aerogels taken as a percolating system T. Woignier of silica aerogels are performed using the three points flexural technique. The elastic behaviour is studied measurement - for silica aerogels. These highly porous materials are obtained from a sol-gel process. Solvent
Hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride thin films studied by 13 C nuclear magnetic
Hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride thin films studied by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance bonding of hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) thin films was examined using solid-state 13 on Si 001 substrates at 300 °C. Nanoindentation tests reveal a recovery of 80%, a hardness of 5 GPa
Exact elasticity solution for the vibration of functionally graded anisotropic cylindrical shells
of silicon-carbide fibers embed- ded in titanium matrix with the fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation homogenization Graded fiber orientation a b s t r a c t An exact elasticity solution is presented for the free are presented for two-constituent isotropic and fiber-rein- forced composite materials. The homogenized elastic
Vel, Senthil
Gravimagnetic shock waves and gravitational-wave experiments
Causes of the unsatisfactory condition of the gravitational-wave experiments are discussed and a new outlook at the detection of gravitational waves of astrophysical origin is proposed. It is shown that there are strong grounds for identifying the so-called giant pulses in the pulsar NP 0532 radiation with gravimagnetic shock waves (GMSW) excited in the neutron star magnetosphere by sporadic gravitational radiation of this pulsar.
Yu. G. Ignatyev
The perception of sound and its influence in the classroom
In this paper we describe a game to assess if the quantitative and graphical perception of sound by students can influence how they behave in the classroom. The game captures sound and shows the sound wave or the frequency spectrum, integrated with an ... Keywords: classroom, game, noise, persuasive technology
Sofia Reis; Nuno Correia
Riding the Waves: Harnessing Ocean Wave Energy through ...
... The opportunities for ocean wave power to become a new, reliable and clean source of renewable energy will be discussed, as well as activities of ...
Microsoft Word - Elasticities_Feb2006_v4_NoOilSupp_V2.doc
Reduced Form Energy Model Elasticities from EIA's Regional Short-Term Reduced Form Energy Model Elasticities from EIA's Regional Short-Term Energy Model (RSTEM) by Dave Costello May 9, 2006 Table of Contents Summary Overview Data Considerations Scenarios Demand Elasticity Results Oil Price Changes Natural Gas Price Changes Weather Cases Summary on Demand Elasticities Summary This analysis examines the price and weather elasticities derived from EIA's Regional Short-Term Energy Model (RSTEM). RSTEM is used to produce forecasts for EIA's monthly Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) and to generate information on how domestic energy markets respond to changes in economic growth, world oil prices, weather events, and domestic energy supply disruptions.
Market share elasticities for fuel and technology choice in home heating and cooling
A new technique for estimating own- and cross-elasticities of market share for fuel and technology choices in home heating and cooling is presented. We simulate changes in economic conditions and estimate elasticities by calculating predicted changes in fuel and technology market shares. Elasticities are found with respect to household income, equipment capital cost, and equipment capital cost, and equipment operating cost (including fuel price). The method is applied to a revised and extended version of a study by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Data for that study are drawn primarily from the 1975--1979 Annual Housing Surveys. Results are generally similar to previous studies, although our estimates of elasticities are somewhat lower. We feel the superior formulation of consumer choice and the currency of data in EPRI's work produce reliable estimates of market share elasticities. 18 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.
Wood, D.J.; Ruderman, H.; McMahon, J.E.
Measurement of muon neutrino quasi-elastic scattering on carbon
Low energy (200 < E{sub v} < 2000 MeV) neutrino oscillation experiments, including MiniBooNE, require a model of charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) neutrino interactions to predict signal samples. Using a high-statistics sample of muon neutrino CCQE events, MiniBooNE finds that a simple Fermi gas model, with appropriate adjustments, accurately characterizes the CCQE events observed in a carbon-based detector. The extracted parameters include an effective axial mass, M{sub A} = 1.23 {+-} 0.20 GeV, used to describe the four-momentum dependence of the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon; and a Pauli-suppression parameter, {kappa} = 1.019 {+-} 0.011.
Aguilar-Arevalo, A.A.; Bazarko, A.O.; Brice, S.J.; Brown, B.C.; Bugel, L.; Cao, J.; Coney, L.; Conrad, J.M.; Cox, D.C.; Curioni, A.; Djurcic, Z.; /Alabama U. /Bucknell
Single-phase Flow in Composite Poro-elastic Media
. The mathematical formulation and analysis of the Barenblatt-Biot model of elastic deformation and laminar flow in a heterogeneous porous medium is discussed. This describes consolidation processes in a fluid-saturated double-diffusion model of fractured rock. The model includes various degenerate cases, such as incompressible constituents or totally fissured components, and it is extended to include boundary conditions arising from partially exposed pores. The quasi-static initial-boundary problem is shown to have a unique weak solution, and this solution is strong when the data are smoother. 1. Introduction Any model of fluid flow through a deformable solid matrix must account for the coupling between the mechanical behavior of the matrix and the fluid dynamics. For example, compression of the medium leads to increased pore pressure, if the compression is fast relative to the fluid flow rate. Conversely, an increase in pore pressure induces a dilation of the matrix in response to t...
R. E. Showalter; Bahareh Momken
Cool Muscles: Storing Elastic Energy for Flight | Advanced Photon Source
A Further Understanding of Superconductivity A Further Understanding of Superconductivity New Family of Tiny Crystals Glow Bright in LED Lights How Serotonin Receptors Can Shape Drug Effects, from LSD to Migraine Medication X-rays Paint a Picture of Picasso's Pigments Antibody Evolution Could Guide HIV Vaccine Development Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Cool Muscles: Storing Elastic Energy for Flight JUNE 12, 2013 Bookmark and Share The moth Manduca sexta, in flight, and diffraction images from the time point directly following muscle stimulation, which highlight the temperature dependent variation in lattice structure. The temperature dependent change in lattice spacing is present as a difference in the
Waves on the surface of the Orion molecular cloud
Massive stars influence their parental molecular cloud, and it has long been suspected that the development of hydrodynamical instabilities can compress or fragment the cloud. Identifying such instabilities has proved difficult. It has been suggested that elongated structures (such as the `pillars of creation') and other shapes arise because of instabilities, but alternative explanations are available. One key signature of an instability is a wave-like structure in the gas, which has hitherto not been seen. Here we report the presence of `waves' at the surface of the Orion molecular cloud near where massive stars are forming. The waves seem to be a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that arises during the expansion of the nebula as gas heated and ionized by massive stars is blown over pre-existing molecular gas.
Bern�, Olivier; Cernicharo, Jos�; 10.1038/nature09289
Olivier Bern�; N�ria Marcelino; Jos� Cernicharo
Iterated multidimensional wave conversion
Mode conversion can occur repeatedly in a two-dimensional cavity (e.g., the poloidal cross section of an axisymmetric tokamak). We report on two novel concepts that allow for a complete and global visualization of the ray evolution under iterated conversions. First, iterated conversion is discussed in terms of ray-induced maps from the two-dimensional conversion surface to itself (which can be visualized in terms of three-dimensional rooms). Second, the two-dimensional conversion surface is shown to possess a symplectic structure derived from Dirac constraints associated with the two dispersion surfaces of the interacting waves.
Brizard, A. J. [Dept. Physics, Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT 05439 (United States); Tracy, E. R.; Johnston, D. [Dept. Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 (United States); Kaufman, A. N. [LBNL and Physics Dept., UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Richardson, A. S. [T-5, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Zobin, N. [Dept. Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 (United States)
Gravity Waves in the Sun
We present numerical simulations of penetrative convection and gravity wave excitation in the Sun. Gravity waves are self-consistently generated by a convective zone overlying a radiative interior. We produce power spectra for gravity waves in the radiative region as well as estimates for the energy flux of gravity waves below the convection zone. We calculate a peak energy flux in waves below the convection zone to be three orders of magnitude smaller than previous estimates for m=1. The simulations show that the linear dispersion relation is a good approximation only deep below the convective-radiative boundary. Both low frequency propagating gravity waves as well as higher frequency standing modes are generated; although we find that convection does not continually drive the standing g-mode frequencies.
Tamara M. Rogers; Gary A. Glatzmaier
Study of Collective Dynamics and Elastic Constants of ...
Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2013. Symposium ... Glass Formation of LaTiZrO System by Containerless Processing � Influence ... Ion Exchanged Mixed Glass Cullet Proppants for Stimulation of Oil and Natural Gas Bearing Shales.
S-wave K- pi+ system in D+ ---> K- pi+ pi+ decays from Fermilab E791
A new approach to the analysis of three body decays is presented. Model-independent results are obtained for the S-wave K{pi} amplitude as a function of K{pi} invariant mass. These are compared with results from K{sup -}{pi}{sup +} elastic scattering, and the prediction of the Watson theorem, that the phase behavior be the same below K{eta}' threshold, is tested. Contributions from I = 1/2 and I = 3/2 are not resolved in this study. If I = 1/2 dominates, however, the Watson theorem does not describe these data well.
Meadows, B.T.; /Cincinnati U.
Shock waves in thermal lensing
We review experimental investigation on spatial shock waves formed by the self-defocusing action of a laser beam propagation in a disordered thermal nonlinear media.
Gentilini, S; DeRe, E; Conti, C
Wave runup on cylinders subject to deep water random waves
The accurate prediction of wave runup on deepwater offshore platform columns is of great importance for design engineers. Although linear predictive models are commonly used in the design and analysis process, many of the important effects are of higher order, and thus can only be accounted for by complex nonlinear models that better reflect the physics of the problem. This study presents a two-parameter Weibull distribution function that utilizes empirical coefficients to model the surface wave runup. Laboratory measurements of irregular waves interfering with vertical platform cylinders were used to obtain the Weibull coefficients necessary for the analytical model. Six data sets with different configurations where the wave elevation was measured close to the test cylinders are analyzed. These data on wave runup in deepwater random waves were generated at similar water depths with significant wave heights and spectral peak periods. Statistical parameters, zero crossing analysis and spectral analysis were utilized to characterize and interpret the time series data. The analysis focused on interpreting the tails of the probability distributions by carefully fitting the analytical model to the measured model data. The main conclusion of this study is that the two-parameter Weibull model can be used to accurately model the wave runup on platform cylinders for the experimental data investigated in this study.
Indrebo, Ann Kristin
Wave-coherent airflow and critical layers over ocean waves
An analysis of coherent measurements of winds and waves from data collected during the ONR HiRes program from R/P FLIP off the coast of northern California in June 2010 is presented. A suite of wind and wave measuring systems was deployed to ...
Laurent Grare; Luc Lenain; W. Kendall Melville
Geometric phases of the Faraday rotation of electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasmas
Geometric phases of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in nonuniform magnetized plasmas is studied theoretically. The variation of the propagation direction of circularly polarized waves results in a geometric phase, which also contributes to the Faraday rotation, in addition to the standard dynamical phase. The origin and properties of the geometric phase are investigated. The influence of the geometric phase to plasma diagnostics using the Faraday rotation is discussed as an application of the theory.
Liu Jian [Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Qin Hong [Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (United States)
Wave Mechanics and the Fifth Dimension
Replacing 4D Minkowski space by 5D canonical space leads to a clearer derivation of the main features of wave mechanics, including the wave function and the velocity of de Broglie waves. Recent tests of wave-particle duality could be adapted to investigate whether de Broglie waves are basically 4D or 5D in nature.
Paul S. Wesson; James M. Overduin
Selective Excitation of Tropical Atmospheric Waves in Wave-CISK: The Effect of Vertical Wind Shear
The growth of waves and the generation of potential energy in wave-CISK require unstable waves to tilt with height oppositely to their direction of propagation. This makes the structures and instability properties of these waves very sensitive to ...
Minghua Zhang; Marvin A. Geller
Shock wave absorber having apertured plate
The shock or energy absorber disclosed herein utilizes an apertured plate maintained under the normal level of liquid flowing in a piping system and disposed between the normal liquid flow path and a cavity pressurized with a compressible gas. The degree of openness (or porosity) of the plate is between 0.01 and 0.60. The energy level of a shock wave travelling down the piping system thus is dissipated by some of the liquid being jetted through the apertured plate toward the cavity. The cavity is large compared to the quantity of liquid jetted through the apertured plate, so there is little change in its volume. The porosity of the apertured plate influences the percentage of energy absorbed.
Shin, Yong W. (Western Springs, IL); Wiedermann, Arne H. (Chicago Heights, IL); Ockert, Carl E. (Vienna, VA)
Shin, Y.W.; Wiedermann, A.H.; Ockert, C.E.
Mixing in Symmetric Holmboe Waves
Direct simulations are used to study turbulence and mixing in Holmboe waves. Previous results showing that mixing in Holmboe waves is comparable to that found in the better-known Kelvin�Helmholtz (KH) billows are extended to cover a range of ...
W. D. Smyth; J. R. Carpenter; G. A. Lawrence
Gas Explosion Characterization, Wave Propagation
of nuclear power plants. However, an evi- dent lack of knowledge in the field had demanded for a detaileds & Dt^boooo^j Risø-R-525 Gas Explosion Characterization, Wave Propagation (Small-Scale Experiments EXPLOSION CHARACTERIZATION, WAVE PROPAGATION (Small-Scale Experiments) G.C. Larsen Abstract. A number
Einstein, Black Holes Gravitational Waves
1 #12;Einstein, Black Holes and Gravitational Waves Gregory B. Cook Wake Forest University 2 #12 Relativity? · What are some of the consequences of GR? · What are Black Holes like and do they exist? · What? · What are Black Holes like and do they exist? · What can we learn from Gravity Waves? · To do all
Cook, Greg
Gravitational Waves II: Emitting Systems
We use the basic equations that predict the emission of gravitational waves according to the Einstein gravitation theory to calculate the luminosities and the amplitudes of the waves generated by binary stars, pulsations of neutron stars, wobbling of deformed neutron stars, oscillating quadrupoles, rotating bars and collapsing and bouncing cores of supernovas. This paper was written to graduate and postgraduate students of Physics.
M. Cattani
Evolution of Persistent Wave Groups
During the near-field leg of the Hawaiian Ocean-Mixing Experiment (HOME-NF), short, steep surface wave groups were observed that elicited strong group-forced responses in the wave-filtered surface current field, as reported by Smith. Some of ...
Jerome A. Smith; Coralie Brulefert
Ocean Tidal and Wave Energy
First published in 2000, the annual Renewable Energy Technical Assessment Guide (TAG-RE) provides a consistent basis for evaluating the economic feasibility of renewable generation technologies. This excerpt from the 2005 TAG-RE addresses ocean tidal and wave energy conversion technologies, which offer promise for converting the significant energy potential available in ocean tidal currents and waves to electricity in the future.
Momentum Transport by Gravity Waves
The momentum flux by orographic gravity waves and the turbulent heat flux in wave-breaking regions are estimated from aircraft data from ALPEX. The fluxes on 6 March 1982 are controlled by low-level directional shear of the mean flow and ...
Jinwon Kim; L. Mahrt
Tube-wave seismic imaging
The detailed analysis of cross well seismic data for a gas reservoir in Texas revealed two newly detected seismic wave effects, recorded approximately 2000 feet above the reservoir. A tube-wave (150) is initiated in a source well (110) by a source (111), travels in the source well (110), is coupled to a geological feature (140), propagates (151) through the geological feature (140), is coupled back to a tube-wave (152) at a receiver well (120), and is and received by receiver(s) (121) in either the same (110) or a different receiving well (120). The tube-wave has been shown to be extremely sensitive to changes in reservoir characteristics. Tube-waves appear to couple most effectively to reservoirs where the well casing is perforated, allowing direct fluid contact from the interior of a well case to the reservoir.
Korneev, Valeri A [LaFayette, CA
Korneev, Valeri A. (Lafayette, CA); Bakulin, Andrey (Houston, TX)
Second Harmonic Resonance for Equatorial Waves
Simple, exact analytical conditions for second harmonic resonance between equatorial waves are derived. Such resonance can occur only between two Rossby waves or two westward travelling gravity waves. It is shown that regardless of whether the ...
Topographic Waves Generated by a Transient Wind
The concept of linear mountain waves is generally equated with steady-state stationary waves. This essentially means that the absolute horizontal phase velocity of mountain waves is zero and that their momentum flux profile is independent of ...
Fran�ois Lott; Hector Teitelbaum
Wind Wave Growth at Short Fetch
Wave wire data from the large wind wave tank of the Ocean Engineering Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara, are analyzed, and comparisons are made with published data collected in four other wave tanks. The behavior of wind ...
T. Lamont-Smith; T. Waseda
Nonlinear Wave Statistics in a Focal Zone
In this paper, the combined effects of refraction and nonlinearity on the evolution of ocean surface wave statistics are considered and possible implications for the likelihood of extreme waves, also known as freak or rogue waves, are examined. A ...
T. T. Janssen; T. H. C. Herbers
Observations of Breaking Surface Wave Statistics
Breaking surface waves were observed during the Surface Wave Process Program with a novel acoustical instrument that makes use of underwater ambient sound to track individual breaking events. The spatial and temporal statistics of braking waves ...
Li Ding; David M. Farmer
Interpreting Stationary Wave Nonlinearity in Barotropic Dynamics
Stationary wave nonlinearity describes the self-interaction of stationary waves and is important in maintaining the zonally asymmetric atmospheric general circulation. However, the dynamics of stationary wave nonlinearity, which is often ...
Lei Wang; Paul J. Kushner
On the Diurnal Variation of Mountain Waves
The diurnal variation of mountain waves and wave drag associated with flow past mesoscale ridges has been examined using the Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) and an analytical boundary layer (BL) model. The wave drag ...
Qingfang Jiang; James D. Doyle
Effect of Nonlinearity on Atmospheric Gravity Waves
The weakly nonlinear limit of two-dimensional gravity waves in an incompressible, inviscid and stably stratified atmosphere is studied. The three-wave resonant interaction theory indicates an energy cascade from a vertically propagating wave (...
Mostafa M. Ibrahim
Hinsdale Wave Basin 1 | Open Energy Information
Hinsdale Wave Basin 1 Hinsdale Wave Basin 1 Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Hinsdale Wave Basin 1 Overseeing Organization Oregon State University Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 104.0 Beam(m) 3.7 Depth(m) 4.6 Cost(per day) $3500 Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 1.8 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 10.0 Wave Period Range(s) 10.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Monochromatic waves (cnoidal, Stokes, Airy), solitary waves, user-defined free surface timeseries or board displacement timeseries for random waves Wave Direction Uni-Directional Simulated Beach Yes Description of Beach 12' by 12' concrete slabs anchored to flume walls
Experimental Study on Wave Transformation and Nearshore Circulation on a Variable Bathymetry in Wetlands
Hurricanes are one of the primary threats to the Texas coastal environment and economy. They generate large wave and storm surges that have caused much damage on the Texas coast in the past. Understanding both the hydrodynamic processes that damage coastal habitats and hurricane hazard and risk are critical to preserve coastal vegetation and quantify its benefits to coastal storm protection. The goal of this project is to quantify the impact of wave attenuation and wave refraction as well as the development of coherent structures in marsh fringes and the formation of a rip current system over wetlands on storm protection. The 3D Shallow Water Wave Basin at Texas A&M University hosted a series of large-scale experiments considering an idealized wetland model to pursue this goal. Study of the marsh geometry of the Texas coast was done in order to scale the experiments to the size of the Haynes Laboratory 3D-Water Wave Basin using a Froude and a Reynolds scalings. Particularly, averaged size and idealized shape of marsh segments in the area of Dalehite Cove in Galveston Bay were considered. Three sets of different wave conditions and water levels were tested to approximate different intensities of storm surge. Identical tests with both vegetated and non-vegetated marshes were run to compare the influence of the vegetation in storm conditions, and three different spacings between marsh segments were tested. In the basin, normally incident regular waves were generated at three water circulation structures. Data analysis allows the determination of the impact of discontinuous marsh segments on wave attenuation and wave refraction. Coherent structures such as rip current and the circulation pattern were analyzed to study the change in the flow field during passage of the waves. The experimental measurements were able to describe the wave transformations over the marsh segments. The influence of coastal wetlands was identified to affect the hydrodynamic process and reduce the total wave energy which is dissipated and redistributed by vegetation. The presence of the mounds induced an important decrease in the wave height, in addition to the damping of the waves by the vegetation stems. The variation in spatial coverage of the wetland model has been shown to highly affect the flow dynamics by generating offshore directed flow in the channel and onshore directed flow on the marsh mounds. This experimental approach provides a further understanding of flow dynamics by waves and surge in wetlands, at a large scale.
Truong, Melanie Khanh Phuong
Bayesian prediction of modulus of elasticity of self consolidated concrete
Current models of the modulus of elasticity, E , of concrete recommended by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) are derived only for normally vibrated concrete (NVC). Because self consolidated concrete (SCC) mixtures used today differ from NVC in the quantities and types of constituent materials, mineral additives, and chemical admixtures, the current models may not take into consideration the complexity of SCC, and thus they may predict the E of SCC inaccurately. Although some authors recommend specific models to predict the E of SCC, they include only a single variable of assumed importance, namely the compressive strength of concrete, c f ? . However there are other parameters that may need to be accounted for while developing a prediction model for the E of SCC. In this research, a Bayesian variable selection method is implemented to identify the significant parameters in predicting the E of SCC and more accurate models for the E are generated using these variables. The models have a parsimonious parameterization for ease of use in practice and properly account for the prevailing uncertainties.
Bhattacharjee, Chandan
Elasticity of cross-linked semiflexible biopolymers under tension
Aiming at the mechanical properties of cross-linked biopolymers, we set up and analyze a model of two weakly bending wormlike chains subjected to a tensile force, with regularly spaced inter-chain bonds (cross-links) represented by harmonic springs. Within this model, we compute the force-extension curve and the differential stiffness exactly and discuss several limiting cases. Cross-links effectively stiffen the chain pair by reducing thermal fluctuations transverse to the force and alignment direction. The extra alignment due to cross-links increases both with growing number and with growing strength of the cross-links, and is most prominent for small force f. For large f, the additional, cross-link-induced extension is subdominant except for the case of linking the chains rigidly and continuously along their contour. In this combined limit, we recover asymptotically the elasticity of a weakly bending wormlike chain without constraints, stiffened by a factor four. The increase in differential stiffness can ...
von der Heydt, Alice; Benetatos, Panayotis; Zippelius, Annette
Benchmark calculations for elastic fermion-dimer scattering
We present continuum and lattice calculations for elastic scattering between a fermion and a bound dimer in the shallow binding limit. For the continuum calculation we use the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian (STM) integral equation to determine the scattering length and effective range parameter to high precision. For the lattice calculation we use the finite-volume method of L\\"uscher. We take into account topological finite-volume corrections to the dimer binding energy which depend on the momentum of the dimer. After subtracting these effects, we find from the lattice calculation kappa a_fd = 1.174(9) and kappa r_fd = -0.029(13). These results agree well with the continuum values kappa a_fd = 1.17907(1) and kappa r_fd = -0.0383(3) obtained from the STM equation. We discuss applications to cold atomic Fermi gases, deuteron-neutron scattering in the spin-quartet channel, and lattice calculations of scattering for nuclei and hadronic molecules at finite volume.
Shahin Bour; H. -W. Hammer; Dean Lee; Ulf-G. Mei�ner
Green Ocean Wave Energy | Open Energy Information
Ocean Wave Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Green Ocean Wave Energy Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Website http:http:www.greenoceanwa Region United States LinkedIn...
Wave Wind LLC | Open Energy Information
Wave Wind LLC Place Sun Prairie, Wisconsin Zip 53590 Sector Services, Wind energy Product Wisconsin-based wind developer and construction services provider. References Wave Wind...
Elastic-plastic analysis of the toroidal field coil inner leg of the compact ignition tokamak
Elastic-plastic analyses were made for the inner leg of the Compact Ignition Tokamak toroidal field (TF) coil, which is made of copper-Inconel composite material. From the result of the elastic-plastic analysis, the effective Young's moduli of the inner leg were determined by the analytical equations. These Young's moduli are useful for the three-dimensional, elastic, overall TF coil analysis. Comparison among the results of the baseline design (R = 1.324 m), the bucked pressless design, the 1.527-m major radius design, and the 1.6-m major radius design was also made, based on the elastic-plastic TF coil inner leg analyses.
Horie, T.
Design, prototyping and preliminary testing of an elastic-powered climbing exoskeleton
Human powered elastic mechanisms can be used to reduce work requirements of muscles, by storing and releasing energy to more evenly distribute work load. An exoskeleton was designed to delay human fatigue during rock ...
Briner, Hazel (Hazel Linn)
Kinematically consistent, elastic block model for the eastern Mediterranean constrained by GPS measurements
I use a Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field to constrain block models of the eastern Mediterranean and surrounding regions that account for the angular velocities of constituent blocks and elastic strain ...
Lawrence, Shawn A. (Shawn Adam), 1975-
Stochastic dynamic optimization of consumption and the induced price elasticity of demand in smart grids
This thesis presents a mathematical model of consumer behavior in response to stochastically-varying electricity prices, and a characterization of price-elasticity of demand created by optimal utilization of storage and ...
Faghih, Ali
Equatorial Wave-Mean Flow Interaction: The Long Rossby Waves
The interaction of long equatorial Rossby waves with mean zonal currents in the ocean is investigated in a continuously stratified finite difference numerical model. The model allows for realistic specification of the mean state including both ...
Jeffrey A. Proehl
Nonintrusive Measurement of Ocean Waves: Lidar Wave Gauge
In December 1999, a nonintrusive directional lidar wave gauge (LWG) was field tested at the Field Research Facility (FRF) in North Carolina. The LWG uses proven lidar technology to directly measure water surface elevation from above the water�s ...
Jennifer L. Irish; Jennifer M. Wozencraft; A. Grant Cunningham; Claudine Giroud
Wave Attenuation and Wave Drift in the Marginal Ice Zone
Surface gravity waves in a viscous rotating ocean are studied theoretically when they penetrate an area covered by highly concentrated brashlike ice. The motion is described by a Lagrangian formulation, and the brash is modeled by a viscous ...
Jan Erik Weber
Elastic Properties of the Zintl Ferromagnet Yb14MnSb11
We report measurements of the elastic moduli as a function of temperature (5-300) K and magnetic field (0-2 T) for the Zintl ferromagnet Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11}, which is believed to be a rare example of an underscreened Kondo lattice. The elastic moduli measured below the Curie temperature in this complex ferromagnet exhibit unusual lattice stiffening that is independent of the magnetic field and can be adequately modeled using the Landau theory.
Bhattacharya, Sriparna [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Marinescu, D. C. [Clemson University; Morris, James R [ORNL; Sergienko, Ivan A [ORNL; Sales, Brian C [ORNL; Mandrus, D. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) & Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Keppens, V. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
A high-order boundary integral method for surface diffusions on elastically stressed axisymmetric rods
Many applications in materials involve surface diffusion of elastically stressed solids. Study of singularity formation and long-time behavior of such solid surfaces requires accurate simulations in both space and time. Here we present a high-order boundary ... Keywords: 65B10, 65B15, 65M99, 65R20, 74B99, Axisymmetric domain, Boundary integral method, Elastic stress, Integration factor methods, Surface diffusion
Xiaofan Li; Qing Nie
Wave Energy Basics | Department of Energy
Wave Energy Basics Wave Energy Basics Wave Energy Basics August 16, 2013 - 4:30pm Addthis Photo of a large wave. Wave energy technologies extract energy directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Renewable energy analysts believe there is enough energy in ocean waves to provide up to 2 terawatts of electricity. (A terawatt is equal to a trillion watts.) However, wave energy cannot be harnessed everywhere. Wave power-rich areas of the world include the western coasts of Scotland, northern Canada, southern Africa, and Australia as well as the northeastern and northwestern coasts of the United States. In the Pacific Northwest alone, it is feasible that wave energy could produce 40-70 kilowatts (kW) per 3.3 feet (1 meter) of western coastline. Wave Energy Technologies
Hinsdale Wave Basin 2 | Open Energy Information
Wave Basin 2 Wave Basin 2 Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Hinsdale Wave Basin 2 Overseeing Organization Oregon State University Hydrodynamics Length(m) 48.8 Beam(m) 26.5 Depth(m) 2.1 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) $3500 Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.8 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 10.0 Wave Period Range(s) 10.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Monochromatic waves (cnoidal, Stokes, Airy), solitary waves, user-defined free surface timeseries or board displacement timeseries for random waves Wave Direction Both Simulated Beach Yes Description of Beach Built to client specifications, currently rigid concrete over gravel fill
Sheets Wave Basin | Open Energy Information
Sheets Wave Basin Sheets Wave Basin Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Sheets Wave Basin Overseeing Organization University of Rhode Island Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 30.0 Beam(m) 3.6 Depth(m) 1.8 Cost(per day) $750(+ Labor/Materials) Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities Yes Maximum Velocity(m/s) 2.0 Length of Effective Tow(m) 25.0 Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.3 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 3.0 Maximum Wave Length(m) 10 Wave Period Range(s) 3.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Pre-programmed for regular and irregular waves, but wavemaker is capable of any input motion. Wave Direction Uni-Directional
Haynes Wave Basin | Open Energy Information
Wave Basin Wave Basin Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Haynes Wave Basin Overseeing Organization Texas A&M (Haynes) Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 38.1 Beam(m) 22.9 Depth(m) 1.5 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) $150/hour (excluding labor) Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.6 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 3.3 Maximum Wave Length(m) 10.7 Wave Period Range(s) 3.3 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.2 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Directional, irregular, any spectrum, cnoidal or solitary wave Wave Direction Both Simulated Beach Yes Description of Beach Stone Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume None
the Price Elasticity of Demand for Household Appliances the Price Elasticity of Demand for Household Appliances Title An Analysis of the Price Elasticity of Demand for Household Appliances Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-326E Year of Publication 2008 Authors Dale, Larry L., and Sydny K. Fujita Document Number LBNL-326E Pagination 19 Date Published 02/2008 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract This article summarizes our study of the price elasticity of demand1 for home appliances, including refrigerators, clothes washers and dishwashers. In the context of increasingly stringent appliance standards, we are interested in what kind of impact the increased manufacturing costs caused by higher efficiency requirements will have on appliance sales. We chose to study this particular set of appliances because data for the elasticity calculation was more readily available for refrigerators, clothes washers, and dishwashers than for other appliances. We begin with a review of the existing economics literature describing the impact of economic variables on the sale of durable goods. We then describe the market for home appliances and changes in it over the past 20 years. We conclude with summary and interpretation of the results of our regression analysis and present estimates of the price elasticity of demand for the three appliances.
The parametric decay of Alfven waves into shear Alfven waves and dust lower hybrid waves
The parametric decay instability of Alfven wave into low-frequency electrostatic dust-lower-hybrid and electromagnetic shear Alfven waves has been investigated in detail in a dusty plasma in the presence of external/ambient uniform magnetic field. Magnetohydrodynamic fluid equations of plasmas have been employed to find the linear and nonlinear response of the plasma particles for this three-wave nonlinear coupling in a dusty magnetoplasma. Here, relatively high frequency electromagnetic Alfven wave has been taken as the pump wave. It couples with other two low-frequency internal possible modes of the dusty magnetoplasma, viz., the dust-lower-hybrid and shear Alfven waves. The nonlinear dispersion relation of the dust-lower-hybrid wave has been solved to obtain the growth rate of the parametric decay instability. The growth rate is maximum for small value of external magnetic field B{sub s}. It is noticed that the growth rate is proportional to the unperturbed electron number density n{sub oe}.
Jamil, M. [Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Department of Physics, Crescent Model School Shadman, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Shah, H. A.; Zubia, K.; Zeba, I.; Uzma, Ch. [Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Salimullah, M. [Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 (Bangladesh)
Scattering of superpositions of localized waves from spheres
Localized wave (LW) solutions of the homogeneous wave equation can represent either focused or extended pulses
Des Power; Rod Donnelly
Wave Energy Extraction from buoys
Different types of Wave Energy Converters currently tested or under development are using the vertical movement of floating bodies to generate electricity. For commercial applications, arrays have to be considered in order ...
Garnaud, Xavier
Orographically Induced Rossby Wave Instabilities
Recently, the effects of nonlinearity on waves forced by sinusoidal orography in severely truncated barotropic and baroclinic models have been explored. Multiple equilibria were found for fixed forcing and these have been associated with zonal ...
Michael J. Revell; Brian J. Hoskins
Explosive Instability of Vorticity Waves
The weakly nonlinear dynamics of �vorticity waves� (VW), specific wavelike motions occurring nearshore in the presence of an alongshore shear current is examined. By means of a standard asymptotic technique starting with the shallow-water ...
V. I. Shrira; V. V. Voronovich; N. G. Kozhelupova
Waves in the chromosphere: observations
I review the literature on observational aspects of waves in the solar chromosphere in the first part of this contribution. High-frequency waves are invoked to build elaborate cool-star chromosphere heating theories but have not been detected decisively so far, neither as magnetic modes in network elements nor as acoustic modes in below-the-canopy internetwork regions. Three-minute upward-propagating acoustic shocks are thoroughly established through numerical simulation as the cause of intermittent bright internetwork grains, but their pistoning and their role in the low-chromosphere energy budget remain in debate. Three-minute wave interaction with magnetic canopies is a newer interest, presently progressing through numerical simulation. Three-minute umbral flashes and running penumbral waves seem a similar acoustic-shock phenomenon awaiting numerical simulation. The low-frequency network Doppler modulation remains enigmatic. In the second part, I address low-frequency ultraviolet brightness variations of t...
Rutten, R J
Three-Dimensional Edge Waves
Exact solutions are found to the linearized three-dimensional equations for free surface-gravity waves trapped against a straight coastline with a topography varying perpendicular to the coastline. Three families of topographies are found, one ...
Richard Paul Shaw; David Paskausky
On Offshore Propagating Diurnal Waves
Characteristics and dynamics of offshore diurnal waves induced by land�sea differential heating are examined using linear theory. Two types of heating profiles are investigated, namely a shallow heating source confined within an atmospheric ...
Qingfang Jiang
Gravitational waves with distinct wavefronts
Exact solutions of Einstein's vacuum equations are considered which describe gravitational waves with distinct wavefronts. A family of such solutions presented recently in which the wavefronts have various geometries and which propagate into a number of physically significant backgrounds is here related to an integral representation which is a generalisation of the Rosen pulse solution for cylindrical waves. A nondiagonal solution is also constructed which is a generalisation of the Rosen pulse, being a cylindrical pulse wave with two states of polarization propagating into a Minkowski background. The solution is given in a complete and explicit form. A further generalisation to include electromagnetic waves with a distinct wavefront of the same type is also discussed.
G A Alekseev; J B Griffiths
Thermal Equilibration of Planetary Waves
Equilibration of planetary waves toward free-mode forms, steady solutions of the unforced, undamped equations of motion, is studied in a three-level quasi-geostrophic model on the hemisphere. A thermal mechanism is invoked, parameterized as a ...
John Marshall; Damon W. K. So
A Planetary-Wave Climatology
Ultralong and long planetary waves are analyzed at the 500 mb level in terms of their amplitudes, phases and stationarity characteristics, the latter described in terms of a stationarity index SIn. This index consists of the ratio between ...
Elmar R. Reiter; Daniel Westhoff
Accelerations in Steep Gravity Waves
Surface accelerations can be measured in at least two ways: 1) by a fixed vertical wave guage, 2) by a free-floating buoy. This gives rise to two different vertical accelerations, called respectively �apparent� and �real�, or Langrangian. This ...
M. S. Longuet-Higgins
wave energy | OpenEI
99 99 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142281099 Varnish cache server wave energy Dataset Summary Description Source The Wave Energy Resource Assessment project is a joint venture between NREL, EPRI, and Virginia Tech. EPRI is the prime contractor, Virginia Tech is responsible for development of the models and estimating the wave resource, and NREL serves as an independent validator and also develops the final GIS-based display of the data. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Date Released September 27th, 2011 (3 years ago) Date Updated October 20th, 2011 (3 years ago) Keywords EPRI GIS NREL Puerto Rico shapefile United States Virginia Tech wave energy
Planetary waves in rotating ionosphere
The problem of propagation of ultralong planetary waves in the Earth's upper atmosphere is considered. A new exact solution to the MHD equations for the ionosphere is obtained in spherical coordinates with allowance for the geomagnetic field and Earth's rotation. A general dispersion relation is derived for planetary waves in the ionospheric E and F regions, and the characteristic features of their propagation in a weakly ionized ionospheric plasma are discussed.
Khantadze, A. G.; Jandieri, V. G. [Tbilisi State University (Georgia); Jandieri, G. V. [Georgian Technical University (Georgia)
Direct Drive Wave Energy Buoy
The most prudent path to a full-scale design, build and deployment of a wave energy conversion (WEC) system involves establishment of validated numerical models using physical experiments in a methodical scaling program. This Project provides essential additional rounds of wave tank testing at 1:33 scale and ocean/bay testing at a 1:7 scale, necessary to validate numerical modeling that is essential to a utility-scale WEC design and associated certification.
Rhinefrank, Kenneth E. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Prudell, Joseph H. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Schacher, Alphonse A. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Hammagren, Erik J. [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.; Zhang, Zhe [Columbia Power Technologies, Inc.
Spinor wave equation of photon
In this paper, we give the spinor wave equations of free and unfree photon, which are the differential equation of space-time one order. For the free photon, the spinor wave equations are covariant, and the spinors $\\psi$ are corresponding to the the reducibility representations $D^{10}+D^{01}$ and $D^{10}+D^{01}+D^{1/2 1/2}$ of the proper Lorentz group.
Xiang-Yao Wu; Bo-Jun Zhang; Xiao-Jing Liu; Si-Qi Zhang; Jing Wang; Hong Li; Xi-Hui Fan; Jing-Wu Li
Organisational change through influence
Influence is a phenomenon underpinning many types of interactions in both human and artificial organisations, and has a significant impact on the operation of the organisation. If influence can be examined at the ... Keywords: Formal specification and analysis/verification, Organisational changes, Organisations, Software agents
Mairi Mccallum; Wamberto W. Vasconcelos; Timothy J. Norman
Multibaseline gravitational wave radiometry
We present a statistic for the detection of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWBs) using radiometry with a network of multiple baselines. We also quantitatively compare the sensitivities of existing baselines and their network to SGWBs. We assess how the measurement accuracy of signal parameters, e.g., the sky position of a localized source, can improve when using a network of baselines, as compared to any of the single participating baselines. The search statistic itself is derived from the likelihood ratio of the cross correlation of the data across all possible baselines in a detector network and is optimal in Gaussian noise. Specifically, it is the likelihood ratio maximized over the strength of the SGWB, and is called the maximized-likelihood ratio (MLR). One of the main advantages of using the MLR over past search strategies for inferring the presence or absence of a signal is that the former does not require the deconvolution of the cross correlation statistic. Therefore, it does not suffer from errors inherent to the deconvolution procedure and is especially useful for detecting weak sources. In the limit of a single baseline, it reduces to the detection statistic studied by Ballmer [Class. Quant. Grav. 23, S179 (2006)] and Mitra et al. [Phys. Rev. D 77, 042002 (2008)]. Unlike past studies, here the MLR statistic enables us to compare quantitatively the performances of a variety of baselines searching for a SGWB signal in (simulated) data. Although we use simulated noise and SGWB signals for making these comparisons, our method can be straightforwardly applied on real data.
Dipongkar Talukder; Sanjit Mitra; Sukanta Bose
Steady water waves with multiple critical layers
We construct small-amplitude periodic water waves with multiple critical layers. In addition to waves with arbitrarily many critical layers and a single crest in each period, two-dimensional sets of waves with several crests and troughs in each period are found. The setting is that of steady two-dimensional finite-depth gravity water waves with vorticity.
Mats Ehrnstr�m; Joachim Escher; Erik Wahl�n
Shock waves in trombones A. Hirschberg
Shock waves in trombones A. Hirschberg Eindhoven University of Technology, W&S, P.O. Box 513, 5600 of the wave propagation in the pipe. At fortissimo levels this leads to shock wave formation observed in our and the band- width necessary in order to observe shock waves. Our ex- perimental results, shown in Figs. 2
Luo, Xiaoyu
UNDERCOMPRESSIVE SHOCK WAVES AND THE DAFERMOS REGULARIZATION STEPHEN SCHECTER Abstract solutions that include only shock waves. Shock waves are required to satisfy the viscous profile criterion for a given viscosity (B(u)u x ) x . Undercompressive shock waves are allowed. We also show that all
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere. Alfven waves and magneto-sonic waves are particular classes of MHD waves. These wave modes are clearly different and have pure properties in uniform plasmas of infinite extent only. Due to plasma non-uniformity, MHD waves have mixed properties and cannot be classified as pure Alfven or magneto-sonic waves. However, vorticity is a quantity unequivocally related to Alfven waves as compression is for magneto-sonic waves. Here, we investigate MHD waves superimposed on a one-dimensional non-uniform straight cylinder with constant magnetic field. For a piecewise constant density profile, we find that the fundamental radial modes of the non-axisymmetric waves have the same properties as surface Alfven waves at a true discontinuity in density. Contrary to the classic Alfven waves in a uniform plasma of infinite extent, vorticity is zero everywhere except at the cylinder boundary. If the discontinuity in density is replaced with a continuous variation of density, vorticity is spread out over the whole interval with non-uniform density. The fundamental radial modes of the non-axisymmetric waves do not need compression to exist unlike the radial overtones. In thin magnetic cylinders, the fundamental radial modes of the non-axisymmetric waves with phase velocities between the internal and the external Alfven velocities can be considered as surface Alfven waves. On the contrary, the radial overtones can be related to fast-like magneto-sonic modes.
Goossens, M.; Andries, J.; Soler, R.; Van Doorsselaere, T. [Centre for Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Arregui, I.; Terradas, J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Solar Physics Group, Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain)
Alden Wave Basin | Open Energy Information
Wave Basin Wave Basin Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Alden Wave Basin Overseeing Organization Alden Research Laboratory, Inc Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 33.5 Beam(m) 21.3 Depth(m) 1.2 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Depends on study Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.3 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 1.0 Maximum Wave Length(m) 1.8 Wave Period Range(s) 1.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Period adjustable electronically, height adjustable mechanically Wave Direction Both Simulated Beach Yes Description of Beach Designed as needed using commercially available sand/sediment
Boussinesq modeling of surface waves due to underwater landslides
Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface of a shallow body of fluid. The equations of motion which govern the evolution of the barycenter of the landslide mass include various dissipative effects due to bottom friction, internal energy dissipation, and viscous drag. The surface waves are studied in the Boussinesq scaling, with time-dependent bathymetry. A numerical model for the Boussinesq equations is introduced which is able to handle time-dependent bottom topography, and the equations of motion for the landslide and surface waves are solved simultaneously. The numerical solver for the Boussinesq equations can also be restricted to implement a shallow-water solver, and the shallow-water and Boussinesq configurations are compared. A particular bathymetry is chosen to illustrate the general method, and it is found that the Boussinesq system predicts larger wave run-up than the shallow-water theory in the example treated in this paper. It also found that the fi...
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) was introduced in
Part IV Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy #12;#12;Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) was introduced in the fundamentals of shock wave generation and delivery. That is, lithotriptors have changed in form and mode, an acoustic shock wave. This pressure pulse, or shock wave, is responsible for breaking stones. However
Cleveland, Robin
Wave propagation through soils in centrifuge testing
Wave propagation phenomena in soils can be experimentally simulated using centrifuge scale models. An original excitation device (drop-ball arrangement) is proposed to generate short wave trains. Wave reflections on model boundaries are taken into account and removed by homomorphic filtering. Propagation is investigated through dispersion laws. For drop-ball experiments, spherical wave field analysis assuming linear viscoelasticity leads to a complete analytical description of wave propagation. Damping phenomena are examined and evaluated using this description.
Semblat, J F; 10.1142/S1363246998000071
Storm-Forced Near-Inertial Waves on a Beta Plane
The influence of the beta effect, that is, the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude on the energy flux from moving storms to the oceanic internal wave field is considered. Large-scale, fast-moving storms are emphasized, and the ...
Johan Nilsson
Strong curvature effects in Neumann wave problems
Waveguide phenomena play a major role in basic sciences and engineering. The Helmholtz equation is the governing equation for the electric field in electromagnetic wave propagation and the acoustic pressure in the study of pressure dynamics. The Schroedinger equation simplifies to the Helmholtz equation for a quantum-mechanical particle confined by infinite barriers relevant in semiconductor physics. With this in mind and the interest to tailor waveguides towards a desired spectrum and modal pattern structure in classical structures and nanostructures, it becomes increasingly important to understand the influence of curvature effects in waveguides. In this work, we demonstrate analytically strong curvature effects for the eigenvalue spectrum of the Helmholtz equation with Neumann boundary conditions in cases where the waveguide cross section is a circular sector. It is found that the linear-in-curvature contribution originates from parity symmetry breaking of eigenstates in circular-sector tori and hence vanishes in a torus with a complete circular cross section. The same strong curvature effect is not present in waveguides subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions where curvature contributions contribute to second-order in the curvature only. We demonstrate this finding by considering wave propagation in a circular-sector torus corresponding to Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, respectively. Results for relative eigenfrequency shifts and modes are determined and compared with three-dimensional finite element method results. Good agreement is found between the present analytical method using a combination of differential geometry with perturbation theory and finite element results for a large range of curvature ratios.
Willatzen, M.; Pors, A. [Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sonderborg (Denmark); Gravesen, J. [Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
Ion Bernstein wave heating research
Ion Bernstein wave heating (IBWH) utilizes the ion Bernstein wave (IBW), a hot plasma wave, to carry the radio frequency (rf) power to heat tokamak reactor core. Earlier wave accessibility studies have shown that this finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) mode should penetrate into a hot dense reactor plasma core without significant attenuation. Moreover, the IBW`s low phase velocity ({omega}/k{sub {perpendicular}} {approx} V{sub Ti} {much_lt} V{sub {alpha}}) greatly reduces the otherwise serious wave absorption by the 3.5 MeV fusion {alpha}-particles. In addition, the property of IBW`s that k{sub {perpendicular}} {rho}{sub i} {approx} 1 makes localized bulk ion heating possible at the ion cyclotron harmonic layers. Such bulk ion heating can prove useful in optimizing fusion reactivity. In another vein, with proper selection of parameters, IBW`s can be made subject to strong localized electron Landau damping near the major ion cyclotron harmonic resonance layers. This property can be useful, for example, for rf current drive in the reactor plasma core. This paper discusses this research.
Ono, Masayuki
Ion Bernstein wave heating (IBWH) utilizes the ion Bernstein wave (IBW), a hot plasma wave, to carry the radio frequency (rf) power to heat tokamak reactor core. Earlier wave accessibility studies have shown that this finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) mode should penetrate into a hot dense reactor plasma core without significant attenuation. Moreover, the IBW's low phase velocity ({omega}/k{sub {perpendicular}} {approx} V{sub Ti} {much lt} V{sub {alpha}}) greatly reduces the otherwise serious wave absorption by the 3.5 MeV fusion {alpha}-particles. In addition, the property of IBW's that k{sub {perpendicular}} {rho}{sub i} {approx} 1 makes localized bulk ion heating possible at the ion cyclotron harmonic layers. Such bulk ion heating can prove useful in optimizing fusion reactivity. In another vein, with proper selection of parameters, IBW's can be made subject to strong localized electron Landau damping near the major ion cyclotron harmonic resonance layers. This property can be useful, for example, for rf current drive in the reactor plasma core. This paper discusses this research.
Ono, Masayuki.
Decomposition of the price and income elasticities of the consumer demand for gasoline
The authors specify and estimate a model of the short-run demand for gasoline which allows them to decompose a consumer's gasoline demand elasticities into miles-driven and driving-efficiency components. Their model is estimated using detailed household survey data which allows direct focus on the short run, holding both the household's automobile stock and demographic profile fixed. Among the most interesting results are: (1) The data allow interesting insights to be drawn into the interrelationship between these important variables and household behavior with respect to gasoline consumption, miles driven, and driving efficiency. (2) The gasoline demand behavior of one-car and multi-car households differ significantly from each other. Evaluated at overall sample means, one-car households have higher (in absolute value) price elasticites for gasoline, miles driven and fuel-efficiency demand. Conversely, multi-car households have higher (in absolute value) total expenditure elasticities for each category. (3) For both one-car and multi-car households, roughly 75% of the estimated price elasticity and roughly 80% of the estimated total-expenditure elasticity of gasoline demand stem from the miles-driven component. The estimated fuel-efficiency elasticities, though smaller than their standard errors, indicate that households respond to changes in prices and total-expenditure levels not only by changing the number of miles they drive, but also by changing the efficiency with which they drive them. 23 references, 3 tables.
Archibald, R. (College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA); Gillingham, R.
Elastic-plastic strain acceptance criterion for structures subject to rapidly applied transient dynamic loading
Rapidly applied transient dynamic loads produce stresses and deflections in structures that typically exceed those from static loading conditions. Previous acceptance criteria for structures designed for rapidly applied transient dynamic loading limited stresses to those determined from elastic analysis. Different stress limits were established for different grades of structure depending upon the amount of permanent set considered acceptable. Structure allowed to sustain very limited permanent set is designed to stress limits not significantly greater than yield stress. Greater permanent set in structure under rapidly applied transient dynamic loading conditions is permitted by establishing stress limits that are significantly greater than yield stress but still provide adequate safety margin (with respect to failure). This paper presents a strain-based elastic-plastic (i.e., inelastic) analysis criterion developed as an alternative to the more conservative stress-based elastic analysis stress criterion for structures subjected to rapidly applied transient dynamic loading. The strain limits established are based on a fraction of the strain at ultimate stress obtained from an engineering stress/strain curve of the material. Strains limits are categorized by type as membrane or surface and by region as general, local, or concentrated. The application of the elastic-plastic criterion provides a more accurate, less conservative design/analysis basis for structures than that used in elastic stress-based analysis criteria, while still providing adequate safety margins.
Solonick, W. [Electric Boat Corp., Groton, CT (United States)
Elastic-Plastic Strain Acceptance Criteria for Structures Subject to Rapidly Applied Transient Dynamic Loading
Rapidly applied transient dynamic loads produce stresses and deflections in structures that typically exceed those from static loading conditions. Previous acceptance criteria for structures designed for rapidly applied transient dynamic loading limited stresses to those determined from elastic analysis. Different stress limits were established for different grades of structure depending upon the amount of permanent set considered acceptable. Structure allowed to sustain very limited permanent set is designed to stress limits not significantly greater than yield stress. Greater permanent set in structure under rapidly applied transient dynamic loading conditions is permitted by establishing stress limits that are significantly greater than yield stress but still provide adequate safety margin (with respect to failure). This paper presents a strain-based elastic-plastic (i.e., inelastic) analysis criterion developed as an alternative to the more conservative stress-based elastic analysis stress criterion for structures subjected to rapidly applied transient dynamic loading. The strain limits established are based on material ductility considerations only and are set as a fraction of the strain at ultimate stress obtained from an engineering stress/strain curve of the material. Strains limits are categorized by type as membrane or surface and by region as general, local , or concentrated. The application of the elastic-plastic criterion provides a more accurate, less conservative design/analysis basis for structures than that used in elastic stress-based analysis criteria, while still providing adequate safety margins.
W.R. Solonick
Internal Wave�Wave Interactions. Part II: Spectral Energy Transfer and Turbulence Production
The spectral transfer of internal wave energy toward high vertical wavenumber kz and turbulence production ? is examined by ray tracing small-scale test waves in a canonical Garrett and Munk background wave field. Unlike previous ray-tracing ...
Haili Sun; Eric Kunze
Implicit�Explicit Multistep Methods for Fast-Wave�Slow-Wave Problems
Implicit�explicit (IMEX) linear multistep methods are examined with respect to their suitability for the integration of fast-wave�slow-wave problems in which the fast wave has relatively low amplitude and need not be accurately simulated. The ...
Dale R. Durran; Peter N. Blossey
Energy-momentum relation for solitary waves of relativistic wave equations
Solitary waves of relativistic invariant nonlinear wave equation with symmetry group U(1) are considered. We prove that the energy-momentum relation for spherically symmetric solitary waves coincides with the Einstein energy-momentum relation for point particles.
T. V. Dudnikova; A. I. Komech; H. Spohn
MHK Technologies/Hybrid wave Wind Wave pumps and turbins | Open Energy
Wind Wave pumps and turbins Wind Wave pumps and turbins < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Hybrid wave Wind Wave pumps and turbins.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Ocean Wave Wind Energy Ltd OWWE Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Type Click here Point Absorber - Floating Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 1 3 Discovery Concept Def Early Stage Dev Design Engineering Technology Description 2Wave1Wind The hybrid wave power rig uses two wave converting technologies in addition to wind mills The main system is a pneumatic float in the category of overtopping as Wave Dragon In addition the pneumatic float can house point absorbers The hybrid wave power rig is based on the patented wave energy converter from 2005
Wave Power: Destroyer of Rocks; Creator of Clean Energy
E E PG&E Wave Energy Wave Energy Federal Utility Partnership Federal Utility Partnership Working Group Meeting Working Group Meeting Wave Energy Wave Energy Development Development Ontario, CA Ontario, CA November 18 November 18- -19, 200 19, 2009 9 Donald G. Price Donald G. Price Senior Consulting Scientist, PG&E Senior Consulting Scientist, PG&E Wave Power Overview Wave Power Overview * * What is Wave Power? What is Wave Power? o o Wave power or wave energy is the energy contained in ocean Wave power or wave energy is the energy contained in ocean o o Wave power or wave energy is the energy contained in ocean Wave power or wave energy is the energy contained in ocean waves that is converted into electricity by various means. waves that is converted into electricity by various means. o o It is a clean, renewable energy resource capable of being utilized
Gravitational waves from gravitational collapse
Gravitational wave emission from stellar collapse has been studied for nearly four decades. Current state-of-the-art numerical investigations of collapse include those that use progenitors with more realistic angular momentum profiles, properly treat microphysics issues, account for general relativity, and examine non-axisymmetric effects in three dimensions. Such simulations predict that gravitational waves from various phenomena associated with gravitational collapse could be detectable with ground-based and space-based interferometric observatories. This review covers the entire range of stellar collapse sources of gravitational waves: from the accretion induced collapse of a white dwarf through the collapse down to neutron stars or black holes of massive stars to the collapse of supermassive stars.
Fryer, Christopher L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; New, Kimberly C [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Wave | OpenEI Community
Wave Wave Home Ocop's picture Submitted by Ocop(5) Member 18 April, 2013 - 13:41 MHK LCOE Reporting Guidance Draft Cost Current DOE LCOE numerical modeling Performance Tidal Wave To normalize competing claims of LCOE, DOE has developed-for its own use-a standardized cost and performance data reporting process to facilitate uniform calculation of LCOE from MHK device developers. This standardization framework is only the first version in what is anticipated to be an iterative process that involves industry and the broader DOE stakeholder community. Multiple files are attached here for review and comment.Upload Files: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document icon device_performance_validation_data_request.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon
Nonlocal theory of electromagnetic wave decay into two electromagnetic waves in a rippled density plasma channel
Parametric decay of a large amplitude electromagnetic wave into two electromagnetic modes in a rippled density plasma channel is investigated. The channel is taken to possess step density profile besides a density ripple of axial wave vector. The density ripple accounts for the momentum mismatch between the interacting waves and facilitates nonlinear coupling. For a given pump wave frequency, the requisite ripple wave number varies only a little w.r.t. the frequency of the low frequency decay wave. The radial localization of electromagnetic wave reduces the growth rate of the parametric instability. The growth rate decreases with the frequency of low frequency electromagnetic wave.
Sati, Priti; Tripathi, V. K. [Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110054 (India)
Nonlinear dissipation of circularly polarized Alfven waves due to the beam-induced obliquely propagating waves
In the present study, the dissipation processes of circularly polarized Alfven waves in solar wind plasmas including beam components are numerically discussed by using a 2-D hybrid simulation code. Numerical results suggest that the parent Alfven waves are rapidly dissipated due to the presence of the beam-induced obliquely propagating waves, such as kinetic Alfven waves. The nonlinear wave-wave coupling is directly evaluated by using the induction equation for the parent wave. It is also observed both in the 1-D and 2-D simulations that the presence of large amplitude Alfven waves strongly suppresses the beam instabilities.
Nariyuki, Y. [Faculty of Human Development, University of Toyama, 3190, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555 (Japan); Hada, T. [Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga City, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Tsubouchi, K. [Department of Earth and Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
Plasma beat-wave accelerator
We perform an analytic study of some quantities relevant to the plasma beat-wave accelerator (PBWA) concept. We obtain analytic expressions for the plasma frequency, longitudinal electron velocity, plasma density and longitudinal plasma electric field of a nonlinear longitudinal electron plasma oscillation with amplitude less than the wave-breaking limit and phase velocity approaching the speed of light. We also estimate the luminosity of a single-pass e/sup +/e/sup -/ linear PBWA collider assuming the energy and collision beamstrahlung are fixed parameters.
Noble, R.J.
Elastic Properties and Internal Friction of Two Magnesium Alloys at Elevated Temperatures
The elastic properties and internal friction of two magnesium alloys were studied from 25 C to 450 C using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). The Young's moduli decrease with increasing temperature. At 200 C, a change in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants is observed. The internal friction increases significantly with increasing temperature above 200 C. The observed changes in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants and the internal friction are the result of anelastic relaxation by grain boundary sliding at elevated temperatures. Elastic properties govern the behavior of a materials subjected to stress over a region of strain where the material behaves elastically. The elastic properties, including the Young's modulus (E), shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (B), and Poisson's ratio (?), are of significant interest to many design and engineering applications. The choice of the most appropriate material for a particular application at elevated temperatures therefore requires knowledge of its elastic properties as a function of temperature. In addition, mechanical vibration can cause significant damage in the automotive, aerospace, and architectural industries and thus, the ability of a material to dissipate elastic strain energy in materials, known as damping or internal friction, is also important property. Internal friction can be the result of a wide range of physical mechanisms, and depends on the material, temperature, and frequency of the loading. When utilized effectively in engineering applications, the damping capacity of a material can remove undesirable noise and vibration as heat to the surroundings. The elastic properties of materials can be determined by static or dynamic methods. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS), used in this study, is a unique and sophisticated non-destructive dynamic technique for determining the complete elastic tensor of a solid by measuring the resonant spectrum of mechanical resonance for a sample of known geometry, dimensions, and mass. In addition, RUS allows determination of internal friction, or damping, at different frequencies and temperatures. Polycrystalline pure magnesium (Mg) exhibits excellent high damping properties. However, the poor mechanical properties limit the applications of pure Mg. Although alloying can improve the mechanical properties of Mg, the damping properties are reduced with additions of alloying elements. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study and develop Mg-alloys with simultaneous high damping capacity and improved mechanical properties. Moreover, studies involving the high temperature dynamic elastic properties of Mg alloys are limited. In this study, the elastic properties and internal friction of two magnesium alloys were studied at elevated temperatures using RUS. The effect of alloy composition and grain size was investigated. The wrought magnesium alloys AZ31 and ZK60 were employed. Table 1 gives the nominal chemical compositions of these two alloys. The ZK60 alloy is a commercial extruded plate with a T5 temper, i.e. solution-treated at 535 C for two hours, quenched in hot water, and aged at 185 C for 24 hours. The AZ31 alloy is a commercial rolled plate with a H24 temper, i.e. strain hardened and partially annealed.
Freels, M.; Liaw, P. K.; Garlea, E.; Morrell, J. S.; Radiovic, M.
Coupled elastic-plastic thermomechanically assisted diffusion: Theory development, numerical implementation, and application
A fully coupled thermomechanical diffusion theory describing the thermal and mechanically assisted mass transport of dilute mobile constituents in an elastic solid is extended to include the effects of elastic-plastic deformation. Using the principles of modern continuum mechanics and classical plasticity theory, balance laws and constitutive equations are derived for a continuum composed of an immobile, but deformable, parent material and a dilute mobile constituent. The resulting equations are cast into a finite element formulation for incorporation into a finite element code. This code serves as a tool for modeling thermomechanically assisted phenomena in elastic-plastic solids. A number of simplified problems for which analytical solutions can be derived are used to benchmark the theory and finite element code. Potential uses of the numerical implementation of the theory are demonstrated using two problems. Specifically, tritium diffusion in a titanium alloy and hydrogen diffusion in a multiphase stainless steel are examined.
Weinacht, D.J.
Application Of Elastic Perfectly Plastic Cyclic Analysis To Assessment Of Creep Strain
A cyclic elastic-perfectly plastic analysis method is proposed which provides a conservative estimate to cyclic creep strain accumulation within the ratchet boundary. The method is to check for ratcheting based on an elastic-perfectly material with a temperature-dependent pseudo yield stress defined by temperature, time and stress to give 1% creep strain. It does not require stress classification and is also applicable to a full range of temperature above and below the creep regime. This simplified method could be used as a rapid screening calculation, with full time-dependent creep analysis used if necessary.
Carter, Peter [Stress Engineering Services Inc.; Jetter, Robert I [Consultant; Sham, Sam [ORNL
Comparison of temperature and humidity profiles with elastic-backscatter lidar data
This contribution analyzes elastic-backscatter lidar data and temperature and humidity profiles from radiosondes acquired in Barcelona in July 1992. Elastic-backscatter lidar data reveal the distribution of aerosols within the volume of atmosphere scanned. By comparing this information with temperature and humidity profiles of the atmosphere at a similar time, we are able to asses de relationship among aerosol distribution and atmospheric stability or water content, respectively. Comparisons have shown how lidar`s revealed layers of aerosols correspond to atmospheric layers with different stability condition and water content.
Soriano, C. [Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, Barcelona (Spain)]|[Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Buttler, W.T. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Baldasano, J.M. [Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, Barcelona (Spain)
Property:Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) | Open Energy Information
Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) Property Type String Pages using the property "Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s)" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 1 1.5-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + 10-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + 11-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + 2 2-ft Flume Facility + 10.0 + 3 3-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + 5 5-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + 6 6-ft Wave Flume Facility + 10.0 + A Alden Large Flume + 0.0 + Alden Wave Basin + 1.0 + C Chase Tow Tank + 3.1 + Coastal Harbors Modeling Facility + 2.3 + Coastal Inlet Model Facility + 2.3 + D Davidson Laboratory Tow Tank + 4.0 + DeFrees Large Wave Basin + 3.0 + DeFrees Small Wave Basin + 3.0 +
Solitary waves and homoclinic orbits
The notion that fluid motion often organizes itself into coherent structures has increasingly permeated modern fluid dynamics. Such localized objects appear in laminar flows and persist in turbulent states; from the water on windows on rainy days, to the circulations in planetary atmospheres. This review concerns solitary waves in fluids. More specifically, it centres around the mathematical description of solitary waves in a single spatial dimension. Moreover, it concentrates on strongly dissipative dynamics, rather than integrable systems like the KdV equation. One-dimensional solitary waves, or pulses and fronts as they are also called, are the simplest kinds of coherent structure (at least from a geometrical point of view). Nevertheless, their dynamics can be rich and complicated. In some circumstances this leads to the formation of spatio-temporal chaos in the systems giving birth to the solitary waves, and understanding that phenomenon is one of the major goals in the theory outlined in this review. Unfortunately, such a goal is far from achieved to date, and the author assess its current status and incompleteness.
Balmforth, N.J.
Gravitational Waves from Supersymmetry Breaking
In theories of supersymmetry breaking, it is often the case that there is more than one metastable vacuum. First-order phase transitions among such metastable vacua may generate a stochastic background of gravitational waves, the observation of which would provide a direct window into the supersymmetry-breaking sector.
Craig, Nathaniel J
Model for Shock Wave Chaos
We propose the following model equation, u[subscript t]+1/2(u[superscript 2]-uu[subscript s])[subscript x]=f(x,u[subscript s]) that predicts chaotic shock waves, similar to those in detonations in chemically reacting ...
Kasimov, Aslan R.
Directional Validation of Wave Predictions
A methodology for quantitative, directional validation of a long-term wave model hindcast is described and applied. Buoy observations are used as ground truth and the method does not require the application of a parametric model or data-adaptive ...
W. Erick Rogers; David W. C. Wang
Wave�Mean Flow Statistics
A relation between the statistics of large-scale waves and the mean flow is derived from the potential enstrophy equations integrated over an isobaric surface. The difference between time-averaged zonal-mean state and the radiative-dynamical ...
Mark R. Schoeberl
Shallow Angle Wave Profiling Lidar
A lidar scanning system is described that is primarily designed to measure sea wave shape. The device is capable of measuring real-time spatial profiles over distances of hundreds of meters, and as the lidar must inevitably operate from modest ...
M. R. Belmont; J. M. K. Horwood; R. W. F. Thurley; J. Baker
Wave Star Energy | Open Energy Information
Star Energy Star Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Wave Star Energy Place Denmark Zip DK-2920 Product Denmark-based private wave device developer. References Wave Star Energy[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: Wave Star Energy 1 10 Scale Model Test This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: C5 WaveStar This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Wave Star Energy is a company located in Denmark . References ↑ "Wave Star Energy" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Wave_Star_Energy&oldid=678928" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations
Generation of Turbulence by Atmospheric Gravity Waves
The standard current criterion for the generation of turbulence by atmospheric gravity waves and for the associated limitation on wave growth is based upon the standard criterion for static instability of the unperturbed atmosphere, namely, that ...
Colin O. Hines
Interactions between Rain and Wind Waves
Effects of rain on surface waves have been investigated in a circulating wind-wave tank. Surface displacement and slope spectra under different wind velocities were measured near the upwind and downwind edges of a region with simulated rains. ...
Ying-Keung Poon; Shih Tang; Jin Wu
Equatorial Solitary Waves. Part 2: Envelope Solitons
Via the method of multiple scales, it is shown that the time and space evolution of the envelope of wave packets of weakly nonlinear, strongly dispersive equatorial waves is governed by the Nonlinear Schr�dinger equation. The diverse phenomena of ...
Anelastic Internal Wave Packet Evolution and Stability
As upward-propagating anelastic internal gravity wave packets grow in amplitude, nonlinear effects develop as a result of interactions with the horizontal mean flow that they induce. This qualitatively alters the structure of the wave packet. The ...
Hayley V. Dosser; Bruce R. Sutherland
Breaking of Wind-Generated Waves
Breaking of wind-generated waves was studies in a laboratory tank. The critical surface slope and global wave steepness for inception of breaking were evaluated. Besides the frequency of occurrence, two other characteristic quantities, height and ...
Delun Xu; Paul A. Hwang; Jin Wu
Solving general shallow wave equations on surfaces
We propose a new framework for solving General Shallow Wave Equations (GSWE) in order to efficiently simulate water flows on solid surfaces under shallow wave assumptions. Within this framework, we develop implicit schemes for solving the external forces ...
Huamin Wang; Gavin Miller; Greg Turk
Shock Waves in Currents and Outflows
Shock waves are discontinuities (in the physical properties of a fluid) which behave in an organized manner. The possibility that such waves may occur in oceanic boundary currents is examined with a nonlinear two-layer analytical model. Attention ...
Observations of a Mesoscale Ducted Gravity Wave
This paper reports coordinated observations of a mesoscale gravity wave made during the FRONTS 84 field experiment conducted in southwestern France in the summer of 1984. The observations were unique in the sense that all relevant wave ...
F. M. Ralph; V. Venkateswaran; M. Crochet
Motor Wave Group | Open Energy Information
Wave Group Jump to: navigation, search Name Motor Wave Group Place Hong Kong Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Website http:www.motorwavegroup.com Region China LinkedIn Connections...
An Analysis of Wave-Turbulence Interaction
We present the results of an analytical and numerical calculation of the interaction between an internal gravity wave and a wave-induced turbulence. The initial atmospheric state, assumed horizontally homogeneous, is statically and dynamically ...
D. Fua; G. Chimonas; F. Einaudi; O. Zeman
Wind Waves and Sun | Open Energy Information
Waves and Sun Jump to: navigation, search Name Wind Waves and Sun Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Website http:www.windwavesandsun.com Region United States LinkedIn Connections...
How to excite a rogue wave
We propose initial conditions that could facilitate the excitation of rogue waves. Understanding the initial conditions that foster rogue waves could be useful both in attempts to avoid them by seafarers and in generating highly energetic pulses in optical fibers.
Akhmediev, N.; Ankiewicz, A. [Optical Sciences Group, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 (Australia); Soto-Crespo, J. M. [Instituto de Optica, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
Wave Breaking Dissipation Observed with �SWIFT� Drifters
Energy dissipation rates during ocean wave breaking are estimated from high-resolution profiles of turbulent velocities collected within 1 m of the surface. The velocity profiles are obtained from a pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler sonar on a wave-...
Jim Thomson
Eady Edge Waves and Rapid Development
Perturbations of the classical Eady model are treated in terms of the system's two intrinsic baroclinic edge waves. This provides a simple quantitative example of the wave coupling interpretation of quasigeostrophic instability and a compact ...
H. C. Davies; C. H. Bishop
The Dynamic Balance of Internal Waves
For oceanic internal waves with vertical scales larger than 1 m the evolution of the spectrum is adequately described by weak-interaction theory. Based on simple physical arguments, a model for internal-wave energy dissipation predicts ...
C. Henry McComas; Peter M�ller
Energy Transmission by Barotropic Rossby Waves Revisited
This article presents a semianalytic method to investigate the properties of energy transmission across bottom topography by barotropic Rossby waves. The method is first used to revisit the analytical estimates derived from wave-matching ...
R. P. Matano; E. D. Palma
Resonant Planetary Waves in a Spherical Atmosphere
A global model of planetary wave propagation in a spherical atmosphere is used to examine the spectrum of free or resonant planetary waves of the solstitial stratosphere. These free modes are located by forcing the model with a weak periodic ...
Mark R. Schoeberl; John H. E. Clark
Mesoscale Energy Spectra of Moist Baroclinic Waves
The role of moist processes in the development of the mesoscale kinetic energy spectrum is investigated with numerical simulations of idealized moist baroclinic waves. Dry baroclinic waves yield upper-tropospheric kinetic energy spectra that ...
Michael L. Waite; Chris Snyder
Wave Energy Centre | Open Energy Information
search Name Wave Energy Centre Address Wave Energy Centre Av Manuela da Maia 36 R C Dto Place Lisboa Zip 1000-201 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Phone number (+351) 21...
Radiative Forcing of Stationary Planetary Waves
The stationary wave components of the planetary-scale circulation are maintained by topographic forcing and by latent and sensible heat transfers and radiation. These waves have a potential vorticity balance mainly due to vertically differential ...
Leo J. Donner; Hsiao-Lan Kuo
Rossby Wave Propagation an Beta-Planes
The numerical modeling of stratospheric, quasi-geostrophic Rossby wave propagation on a beta-plane channel is examined to determine how wave propagation is affected by the use of low horizontal (spectral) resolution. This study considers time ...
Donal O'Sullivan
Kinetic Wave Power | Open Energy Information
Kinetic Wave Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Kinetic Wave Power Address 2861 N Tupelo St Place Midland Zip 48642 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Phone number 989-839-9757...
Worldwide Measurements of Directional Wave Spreading
The directional spreading of waves is important for both theoretical and practical reasons. Enough measurements have now been made to draw conclusions about the behavior of wave spreading at sites in different climatic regimes. The measurements ...
George Z. Forristall; Kevin C. Ewans
Generation of sand bars under surface waves
(cont.) Experiments were performed in a large wave flume to validate the theory and to study additional aspects of sand bar evolution. The wave envelope and bar profile were recorded for low and high beach reflection, ...
Hancock, Matthew James, 1975-
Wind effects on shoaling wave shape
breaking in the presence of wind drift and swell. J. Fluidlin, 1995: Asymmetry of wind waves studied in a laboratorycoupling between swell and wind-waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. ,
Feddersen, F; Veron, F
Inertia�Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere
The propagation and refraction of stationary inertia�gravity waves in the winter stratosphere is examined with ray tracing. Due to their smaller vertical group velocity these waves experience more lateral ray movement and horizontal refraction ...
Timothy J. Dunkerton
Enhanced and Inhibited Gravity Wave Spectra
Balloon measurements were used to investigate gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere above the Canadian high Arctic. The amount of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere was found to be related to particular ...
James A. Whiteway
On the increase of the isolation efficacy for the passive elastic devices by the structural configuration optimization
This paper present the main results obtained from the complex study intended for increasing the isolation efficacy on the passive elastic anti-vibrational devices, based on the rubber elements. At first, the author present the main theoretical aspects ... Keywords: isolation efficacy, passive elastic devices, rubber element
Silviu Nastac
Wave-driven Countercurrent Plasma Centrifuge
A method for driving rotation and a countercurrent flow in a fully ionized plasma centrifuge is described. The rotation is produced by radiofrequency waves near the cyclotron resonance. The wave energy is transferred into potential energy in a manner similar to the ? channeling effect. The countercurrent flow may also be driven by radiofrequency waves. By driving both the rotation and the flow pattern using waves instead of electrodes, physical and engineering issues may be avoided.
A.J. Fetterman and N.J. Fisch
Applications Guide for Guided Wave Inspection Technology
In recent years, long-range ultrasonic guided wave technology has been emerging as a quick and economical method of obtaining a comprehensive view of the condition of piping systems, tubing, and other components (including areas that are difficult to access) by launching and detecting waves from a remote accessible location. This report describes how ultrasonic guided waves can be applied for various components and systems. Guidance on surface preparation, generation of various wave modes, and interpreta...
Quantum thermal waves in quantum corrals
In this paper the possibility of the generation of the thermal waves in 2D electron gas is investigated. In the frame of the quantum heat transport theory the 2D quantum hyperbolic heat transfer equation is formulated and numerically solved. The obtained solutions are the thermal waves in electron 2D gases. As an exapmle the thermal waves in quantum corrals are described. Key words: 2D electron gas, quantum corrals, thermal waves.
J. Marciak-Kozlowska; M. Kozlowski
Interaction of light with gravitational waves
The physical properties of electromagnetic waves in the presence of a gravitational plane wave are analyzed. Formulas for the Stokes parameters describing the polarization of light are obtained in closed form. The particular case of a constant amplitude gravitational wave is worked out explicitly.
Shahen Hacyan
Decay of a Near-Inertial Wave
The decay of a downward propagating near-inertial wave was observed over four days. During this short period, the energy of the near-inertial wave decreased by 70%. The shear layers produced by the wave were regions of enhanced turbulent ...
Dave Hebert; J. N. Moum
Superadiabatic Excess and Gravity Wave Saturation
Attention is called to a recent calculation of the superadiabatic excess�the ratio of wave amplitude at saturation to wave amplitude at convective instability threshold�caused by a saturated gravity wave. (This excess is also referred to as the ...
J. Weinstock
Large hazardous floods as translatory waves
The theory for non-stationary flow in translatory waves is developed for an inclined plane in a prismatic channel and a funneling channel. The existence of translatory waves traveling over dry land or superimposed on constant flow is established, and ... Keywords: Flood hazard, Flow simulation, Jokulhlaup, Translatory waves
Jonas El�asson; Snorri Pall Kjaran; Sigurdur Larus Holm; Magnus Tumi Gudmundsson; Gudrun Larsen
Robots on Waves By Cianna Beltran, Editor
. The Wave Glider is about the size of a surfboard with a wave-based propulsion system and two solar panels that move across the ocean measuring weather and water quality. The goal is that these robot wave riders such as water quality and weather conditions. Photo courtesy of http://liquidr.com/ #12;Page 2Seawords, December
One of the leading models for electron acceleration in solar flares is stochastic acceleration by weakly turbulent fast magnetosonic waves ({sup f}ast waves{sup )}. In this model, large-scale flows triggered by magnetic reconnection excite large-wavelength fast waves, and fast-wave energy then cascades from large wavelengths to small wavelengths. Electron acceleration by large-wavelength fast waves is weak, and so the model relies on the small-wavelength waves produced by the turbulent cascade. In order for the model to work, the energy cascade time for large-wavelength fast waves must be shorter than the time required for the waves to propagate out of the solar-flare acceleration region. To investigate the effects of wave escape, we solve the wave kinetic equation for fast waves in weak turbulence theory, supplemented with a homogeneous wave-loss term. We find that the amplitude of large-wavelength fast waves must exceed a minimum threshold in order for a significant fraction of the wave energy to cascade to small wavelengths before the waves leave the acceleration region. We evaluate this threshold as a function of the dominant wavelength of the fast waves that are initially excited by reconnection outflows.
Pongkitiwanichakul, Peera; Chandran, Benjamin D. G. [Space Science Center and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 (United States); Karpen, Judith T. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); DeVore, C. Richard, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
To Wave Or Not To Wave? Order Release Policies for Warehouses with an Automated Sorter
Wave-based release policies are prevalent in warehouses with an automated sorter, and take different
Gallien, J�r�mie
The Effects of Wave Energy Converters on a Monochromatic Wave Climate
in wave energy converters as a possible means of providing renewable energy, the effects of a wave energy The interest in renewable energies is currently increasing due to the reported rise in global temperature is that of wave energy. The research is multifaceted and includes research on the efficiency of wave energy
Fox-Kemper, Baylor
Suppression of Stationary Planetary Waves by Internal Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere
The suppression of stationary planetary waves by internal gravity waves in the mesosphere is treated using a quasi-geostrophic model on a midlatitude beta-plane. The drag forces due to internal gravity waves are parameterized based on the wave ...
Saburo Miyahara
Effects of Wave�Wave and Wave-Mean Flow Interactions on the Growth and Maintenance of Transient Planetary Waves in the Presence of a Mean Thermal Restoring Force
In order to clarify the effects of wave�wave and wave-mean flow interactions on the growth and maintenance of extratropical tropospheric transient waves in the presence of a mean thermal restoring force, numerical experiments are conducted with ...
Y. Hayashi; D. G. Golder
Interaction of Ocean Waves with a Soft Bottom
Soft muddy bottoms have significant effects on properties of water waves which propagate over them. The wave dispersion equation is modified and wave energy is dissipated by the coupling between the waves in water and those induced in the mud ...
S. V. Hsiao; O. H. Shemdin
Two Types of Wave Breaking in an Aquaplanet GCM
The characteristics of two distinct types of wave breaking in an aquaplanet general circulation model (GCM) are described. A systematic analysis of wave breaking is possible because when a baroclinic wave packet is present, the wave breaking ...
Sukyoung Lee; Steven Feldstein
Elastic, excitation, ionization and charge transfer cross sections of current interest in fusion energy research
Due to the present interest in modeling and diagnosing the edge and divertor plasma regions in magnetically confined fusion devices, we have sought to provide new calculations regarding the elastic, excitation, ionization, and charge transfer cross sections in collisions among relevant ions, neutrals, and isotopes in the low- to intermediate-energy regime. We summarize here some of our recent work.
Schultz, D.R.; Krstic, P.S.
Transactional auto scaler: elastic scaling of in-memory transactional data grids
In this paper we introduce TAS (Transactional Auto Scaler), a system for automating elastic-scaling of in-memory transactional data grids, such as NoSQL data stores or Distributed Transactional Memories. Applications of TAS range from on-line self-optimization ... Keywords: analytical models, autonomic provisioning, distributed software transactional memory, performance evaluation
Diego Didona; Paolo Romano; Sebastiano Peluso; Francesco Quaglia
Energy Use in the Australian Manufacturing Industry: An Analysis of Energy Demand Elasticity
Energy Use in the Australian Manufacturing Industry: An Analysis of Energy Demand Elasticity Chris in this paper. Energy consumption data was sourced from the Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics' Australian Energy Statistics publication. Price and income data were sourced from the Australian Bureau
Design of discrete control system of flexible spacecraft maintaining robust stability of elastic oscillations
For the flexible spacecraft with a nonlinear orientation control system using flywheel engines, an approach to making its elastic oscillations robust stable was considered. It relies on a purposeful variation of the boundaries of the stability domains ... Keywords: 07.05.Dz
I. N. Krutova; V. M. Sukhanov
A new model to simulate the elastic properties of mineralized collagen fibril
Bone, because of its hierarchical composite structure, exhibits an excellent combination of stiffness and toughness, which is due substantially to the structural order and deformation at the smaller length scales. Here, we focus on the mineralized collagen fibril, consisting of hydroxyapatite plates with nanometric dimensions aligned within a protein matrix, and emphasize the relationship between the structure and elastic properties of a mineralized collagen fibril. We create two- and three-dimensional representative volume elements to represent the structure of the fibril and evaluate the importance of the parameters defining its structure and properties of the constituent mineral and collagen phase. Elastic stiffnesses are calculated by the finite element method and compared with experimental data obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The computational results match the experimental data well, and provide insight into the role of the phases and morphology on the elastic deformation characteristics. Also, the effects of water, imperfections in the mineral phase and mineral content outside the mineralized collagen fibril upon its elastic properties are discussed.
Yuan, F.; Stock, S.R.; Haeffner, D.R.; Almer, J.D.; Dunand, D.C.; Brinson, L.C. (NWU)
Elastic theory of low-dimensional continua and its applications in bio- and nano-structures
This review presents the elastic theory of low-dimensional (one- and two-dimensional) continua and its applications in bio- and nano-structures including short DNA rings, lipid membranes, cell membranes, graphene and carbon nanotubes. [The full abstract is in the pdf file.
Tu, Z C
Reliable solution of an unilateral contact problem with friction and uncertain data in thermo-elasticity
An unilateral contact problem with friction and with uncertain input data in quasi-coupled thermo-elasticity is analysed. As uncertain data coefficients of stress-strain law, coefficients of thermal conductivity, body and surface forces, thermal sources ... Keywords: Coulomb friction, finite element analysis, radioactive waste repositories, steady-state heat flow, unilateral contact
I. Hlav�?ek; J. Nedoma
Elastic Moduli of Ultrathin Amorphous Polymer Films Christopher M. Stafford,*, Bryan D. Vogt, Christopher Harrison,,
Elastic Moduli of Ultrathin Amorphous Polymer Films Christopher M. Stafford,*, Bryan D. Vogt are prohibitively difficult to perform at this time. * Corresponding author: Fax +1 (301) 975-4924; e-mail chris.stafford ) 3 (2) 5096 Stafford et al. Macromolecules, Vol. 39, No. 15, 2006 #12;assumption in the derivation
Huang, Rui
RTP: robust tenant placement for elastic in-memory database clusters
In the cloud services industry, a key issue for cloud operators is to minimize operational costs. In this paper, we consider algorithms that elastically contract and expand a cluster of in-memory databases depending on tenants' behavior over time while ... Keywords: cloud computing, data placement, fault tolerance, in-memory databases, multi tenancy
Jan Schaffner; Tim Januschowski; Megan Kercher; Tim Kraska; Hasso Plattner; Michael J. Franklin; Dean Jacobs
OC3 -- Benchmark Exercise of Aero-Elastic Offshore Wind Turbine Codes: Preprint
This paper introduces the work content and status of the first international investigation and verification of aero-elastic codes for offshore wind turbines as performed by the "Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration" (OC3) within the "IEA Wind Annex XXIII -- Subtask 2".
Passon, P.; Kuhn, M.; Butterfield, S.; Jonkman, J.; Camp, T.; Larsen, T. J.
Crystallization and Solidification Properties of LipidsChapter 13 Elasticity of Fractal Aggregate Networks: Mechanical Arguments
Crystallization and Solidification Properties of Lipids Chapter 13 Elasticity of Fractal Aggregate Networks: Mechanical Arguments Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry 9128CE4F42D8A3EC45910D75EC2F0F83
Implementation and Testing of an Elastic Strain Powered Wireless Sensing System for Energy-Autonomous Applications
This paper presents implementation and testing of an elastic strain powered wireless sensing system for energy-autonomous applications. The system harvests strain energy from a vibrating structure and convert it into usable electrical energy for powering ... Keywords: strain energy, piezoelectric generator, wireless sensor communication node, structural health monitoring, energy-aware interface
Alessandro Giuliano, Vlad Marsic, Meiling Zhu
High precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio at low Q�
Experiment E08-007 measured the proton elastic form factor ratio [mu]GE/GM in the range of Q2 = 0.3-0.7(GeV/c)2 by recoil polarimetry. Data were taken in 2008 at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Virginia, ...
Zhan, Xiaohui
Scanning Eye-Safe Elastic Backscatter Lidar at 1.54 ?m
A field-deployable scanning direct-detection elastic backscatter lidar system that is eye safe at all ranges is presented. The first two-dimensional spatial images created by scanning this new 1.54-?m wavelength system, and time-lapse animations (...
Scott M. Spuler; Shane D. Mayor
Vulnerability assessment and security of scalable and bandwidth elastic next generation PONs
The next generation WDM/TDM-PON is scalable and delivers elastically ultra-high data rates to thousands of end-users, and therefore network security becomes particularly important. We identify different levels of security and responsibilities in the ... Keywords: FTTH, PON, network security, optical networks
Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos; Di Jin
Vulnerabilities and security strategy for the next generation bandwidth elastic PON
The next generation WDM/TDM-PON is scalable and delivers elastically ultra-high data rates to many thousands of end-users, and therefore network security becomes of particular importance. We identify different levels of security and responsibilities ... Keywords: FTTH, PON, network security, optical networks
Energy distributions and effective temperatures in the packing of elastic sheets
OFFPRINT Energy distributions and effective temperatures in the packing of elastic sheets S) 24002 www.epljournal.org doi: 10.1209/0295-5075/85/24002 Energy distributions and effective temperatures-section are broadly distributed. We find distributions of energy with exponential tails. This setup naturally divides
Boudaoud, Arezki
Energy distributions and effective temperatures in the packing of elastic sheets S. Deboeuf, M of the branches forming the cross-section are broadly distributed. We find distributions of energy and within the bulk. While the geometrical properties of the sub-systems differ, their energy distributions
A Preponderance of Elastic Properties of Alpha Plutonium Measured Via Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
Samples of {alpha} plutonium were fabricated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Plutonium Facility. Cylindrical samples were machined from cast pucks. Precision immersion density and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) measurements were completed on 27 new samples, yielding elastic moduli measurements. Mechanical tests were performed in compression yielding stress-strain curves as a function of rate, temperature and phase.
Saleh, Tarik A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farrow, Adam M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Freibert, Franz J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Long-range static directional stress transfer in a cracked, nonlinear elastic crust
Seeing the Earth crust as criss-crossed by faults filled with fluid at close to lithostatic pressures, we develop a model in which its elastic modulii are different in net tension versus compression. In constrast with standard nonlinear effects, this ...
G. Ouillon; D. Sornette
Microsecond relaxation processes in shear and extensional flows of weakly elastic polymer solutions
elastic fluids in this study. V U 3095.1 Rti p f V LL t 2 0 0 #16; G 23R O V Ud 18 (iii) The third condition relates to the experimental capability to observe the exponential decay predicted by eq. (3), or in another words the capture frame rate (or...
Vadillo, D.C.; Mathues, W.; Clasen, C.
Topology of charge density and elastic properties of Ti3SiC2 polymorphs
1. Structure models of Ti 3 SiC 2 . ? and ? refer to the twothe Brillouin zone of Ti 3 SiC 2 . c 400 MPa a 400 MPa c 400and elastic properties of Ti 3 SiC 2 polymorphs R. Yu, X. F.
Yu, Rong; Zhang, Xiao Feng; He, Lian Long; Ye, Heng Qiang
Universal Sound Absorption in Amorphous Solids: A Theory of Elastically Coupled Generic Blocks
Glasses are known to exhibit quantitative universalities at low temperatures, the most striking of which is the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient 1/Q. In this work we develop a theory of coupled generic blocks with a certain randomness property to show that universality emerges essentially due to the interactions between elastic blocks, regardless of their microscopic nature.
Dervis C. Vural; Anthony J. Leggett
A nonlinear elastic deformable template for soft structure segmentation. Application to the heart
A nonlinear elastic deformable template for soft structure segmentation. Application to the heart of the heart's anatomy and motion from temporal image sequences, more precisely Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. Currently, a clinical examination results in a stack of slices covering the whole heart
Rouchdy, Youssef
Extreme wave impinging and overtopping
This investigates the velocity fields of a plunging breaking wave impinging on a structure through measurements in a two-dimensional wave tank. As the wave breaks and overtops the structure, so-called green water is generated. The flow becomes multi-phased and chaotic as a highly aerated region is formed in the flow in the vicinity of the structure while water runs up onto the structure. In this study, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to measure the velocity field of the water dominant region. For measurements of an aerated region that cannot be measured by PIV, a new measurement method called bubble image velocimetry (BIV) was developed. The principle and setup of the BIV method were introduced and validated. Mean and turbulence properties were obtained through ensemble averaging repeated tests measured by both methods. The dominant and maximum velocity of the breaking wave and associated green water are discussed for the three distinct phases of the impingement-runup-overtopping sequence. The distribution of the green water velocity along the top of the structure has a nonlinear profile and the maximum velocity occurs near the front of the fast moving water. Using the measured data and applying dimensional analysis, a similarity profile for the green water flow on top of the structure was obtained, and a prediction equation was formulated. The dam breaking solution used for the green water prediction was examined with determining initial water depth based on the experiment conditions. Comparison between measurements, the prediction equation, and the dam breaking flow was made. The prediction equation and the dam break flow with appropriate initial water depth may be used to predict the green water velocity caused by extreme waves in a hurricane. To demonstrate the aeration of the breaking wave and overtopping water, void fraction was also investigated. There is strong aeration in the region of overtopping water front generated by a plunging breaker. Void fraction of overtopping water was measured using a fiber optic reflectometer (FOR). The measured velocity and void fraction were also used to estimate flow rate and water volume of overtopping water.
Ryu, Yong Uk
Failure Stress and Apparent Elastic Modulus of Diesel Particulate Filter Ceramics
Three established mechanical test specimen geometries and test methods used to evaluate mechanical properties of brittle materials are adapted to the diesel particulate filter (DPF) architecture to evaluate failure initiation stress and apparent elastic modulus of the ceramics comprising DPFs. The three custom-designed test coupons are harvested out of DPFs to promote a particular combination of orientation of crack initiation and crack plane. The testing of the DPF biaxial flexure disk produces a radial tensile stress and a crack plane parallel with the DPF's longitudinal axis. The testing of the DPF sectored flexural specimen produces axial tension at the DPF's OD and a crack plane perpendicular to the DPF's longitudinal axis. The testing of the DPF o-ring specimen produces hoop tension at the DPF's original outer diameter (OD) and at the inner diameter of the test coupon, and a crack plane parallel to the DPF's longitudinal axis. The testing of these mechanical test coupons also enables the determination of an apparent elastic modulus of the DPF ceramic material. Results consistently show that the apparent elastic modulus of the DPF ceramics is much less (e.g., up to an order of magnitude less) than apparent elastic modulus estimated using sonic- or resonance-based test methods. These specimen geometries, produced stress states, and modes of consequential crack initiation are discussed in context to the DPF's symmetry along with the assessments of each specimen's ease of fabrication, testing, failure stress determination, ultimate viability, and prospects for test standardization. Lastly, an explanation is offered for why the apparent elastic modulus measured with these three mechanical test coupons is relatively low and why their low values are more accurate for predicting thermomechanical stresses in DPFs.
Wereszczak, Andrew A [ORNL; Fox, Ethan E [ORNL; Lance, Michael J [ORNL; Ferber, Mattison K [ORNL
Optical diagnostics based on elastic scattering: An update of clinical demonstrations with the Optical Biopsy System
The Los Alamos National Laboratory has continued the development of the Optical Biopsy System (OBS) for noninvasive, real-time in situ diagnosis of tissue pathologies. Our clinical studies have expanded since the last Biomedical Optics Europe conference (Budapest, September 1993), and we report here on the latest results of clinical tests in gastrointestinal tract. The OBS invokes a unique approach to optical diagnosis of tissue pathologies based on the elastic scattering properties, over a wide range of wavelengths, of the tissue. The use of elastic scattering as the key to optical tissue diagnostics in the OBS is based on the fact that many tissue pathologies, including a majority of cancer forms, manifest significant architectural changes at the cellular and sub-cellular level. Since the cellular components that cause elastic scattering have dimensions typically on the order of visible to near-IR wavelengths, the elastic (Mie) scattering properties will be wavelength dependent. Thus, morphology and size changes can be expected to cause significant changes in an optical signature that is derived from the wavelength-dependence of elastic scattering. The OBS employs a small fiberoptic probe that is amenable to use with any endoscope or catheter, or to direct surface examination. The probe is designed to be used in optical contact with the tissue under examination and has separate illuminating and collecting fibers. Thus, the light that is collected and transmitted to the analyzing spectrometer must first scatter through a small volume of the tissue before entering the collection fiber(s). Consequently, the system is also sensitive to the optical absorption spectrum of the tissue, over an effective operating range of <300 to 950 nm, and such absorption adds valuable complexity to the scattering spectral signature.
Bigio, I.J.; Boyer, J.; Johnson, T.M.; Lacey, J.; Mourant, J.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Conn, R. [Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bohorfoush, A. [Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee, WI (United States)
Statistics of Extreme Waves in Random Media
Waves traveling through random media exhibit random focusing that leads to extremely high wave intensities even in the absence of nonlinearities. Although such extreme events are present in a wide variety of physical systems and the statistics of the highest waves is important for their analysis and forecast, it remains poorly understood in particular in the regime where the waves are highest. We suggest a new approach that greatly simplifies the mathematical analysis and calculate the scaling and the distribution of the highest waves valid for a wide range of parameters.
Jakob J. Metzger; Ragnar Fleischmann; Theo Geisel
Thermal Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes
Thermal gravitational waves can be generated in various sources such as, in the cores of stars, white dwarfs and neutron stars due to the fermion collisions in the dense degenerate Fermi gas. Such high frequency thermal gravitational waves can also be produced during the collisions in a gamma ray burst or during the final stages of the evaporation of primordial black holes. Here we estimate the thermal gravitational waves from primordial black holes and estimate the integrated energy of the gravitational wave emission over the entire volume of the universe and over Hubble time. We also estimate the gravitational wave flux from gamma ray bursts and jets.
C. Sivaram; Kenath Arun
Reconstruction of nonlinear wave propagation
Disclosed are systems and methods for characterizing a nonlinear propagation environment by numerically propagating a measured output waveform resulting from a known input waveform. The numerical propagation reconstructs the input waveform, and in the process, the nonlinear environment is characterized. In certain embodiments, knowledge of the characterized nonlinear environment facilitates determination of an unknown input based on a measured output. Similarly, knowledge of the characterized nonlinear environment also facilitates formation of a desired output based on a configurable input. In both situations, the input thus characterized and the output thus obtained include features that would normally be lost in linear propagations. Such features can include evanescent waves and peripheral waves, such that an image thus obtained are inherently wide-angle, farfield form of microscopy.
Fleischer, Jason W; Barsi, Christopher; Wan, Wenjie
Millimeter-wave active probe
A millimeter-wave active probe for use in injecting signals with frequencies above 50GHz to millimeter-wave and ultrafast devices and integrated circuits including a substrate upon which a frequency multiplier consisting of filter sections and impedance matching sections are fabricated in uniplanar transmission line format. A coaxial input and uniplanar 50 ohm transmission line couple an approximately 20 GHz input signal to a low pass filter which rolls off at approximately 25 GHz. An input impedance matching section couples the energy from the low pass filter to a pair of matched, antiparallel beam lead diodes. These diodes generate odd-numberd harmonics which are coupled out of the diodes by an output impedance matching network and bandpass filter which suppresses the fundamental and third harmonics and selects the fifth harmonic for presentation at an output.
Majidi-Ahy, Gholamreza (Sunnyvale, CA); Bloom, David M. (Portola Valley, CA)
OTRC Wave Basin | Open Energy Information
OTRC Wave Basin OTRC Wave Basin Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name OTRC Wave Basin Overseeing Organization Texas A&M (OTRC) Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 45.7 Beam(m) 30.5 Depth(m) 5.8 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) $300/hour (excluding labor) Special Physical Features 4.6m wide x 9.1m long x 16.8m deep pit with adjustable depth floor in test area Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities Yes Maximum Velocity(m/s) 0.6 Length of Effective Tow(m) 27.4 Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.9 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 4.0 Maximum Wave Length(m) 25 Wave Period Range(s) 4.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.6 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description GEDAP 3D wave generation software, 48 hinged flap wave generator
Shock waves in condensed media: Their properties and the equations of state of materials derived from them
To provide an overall perspective and some understanding of what is involved in the shock-wave process, we first develop the basic conservation equations and some hydrodynamic flow properties that affect the experimental measurements. These are almost entirely restricted to one-dimensional plane flow, which is quite appropriate because almost all EOS data are obtained in a similar situation. The bulk of the thermodynamics needed for calculations to supplement the EOS data, or to calculate other thermodynamic quantities, such as the specific heat, when additional data are obtained, is presented next. Phase changes and elastic-plastic flow are then considered. A limited set of experimental techniques is given next, with one or two examples of typical records or results. These types of experiments are of primary importance in understanding the state of matter at high pressure. Because of a certain unique property of the shock-wave EOS of solids, a short section is devoted to the consequences of its properties followed by brief summaries of the results of many experiments. Finally, we consider the shock-wave EOS of the earth undoubtedly the largest shock-wave recovery laboratory we have, which after a lot of study by seismologists, has revealed quite a bit about itself. On the basis of that work and some results presented here, an EOS for the earth is derived. 86 refs., 90 figs.
McQueen, R.G.
Nonlinear whistler wave scattering in space plasmas
In this paper the evolution of nonlinear scattering of whistler mode waves by kinetic Alfven waves (KAW) in time and two spatial dimensions is studied analytically. The authors suggest this nonlinear process as a mechanism of kinetic Alfven wave generation in space plasmas. This mechanism can explain the dependence of Alfven wave generation on whistler waves observed in magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas. The observational data show a dependence for the generation of long periodic pulsations Pc5 on whistler wave excitation in the auroral and subauroral zone of the magnetosphere. This dependence was first observed by Ondoh T.I. For 79 cases of VLF wave excitation registered by Ondoh at College Observatory (L=64.6 N), 52 of them were followed by Pc5 geomagnetic pulsation generation. Similar results were obtained at the Loparskaia Observatory (L=64 N) for auroral and subauroral zone of the magnetosphere. Thus, in 95% of the cases when VLF wave excitation occurred the generation of long periodic geomagnetic pulsations Pc5 were observed. The observations also show that geomagnetic pulsations Pc5 are excited simultaneously or insignificantly later than VLF waves. In fact these two phenomena are associated genetically: the excitation of VLF waves leads to the generation of geomagnetic pulsations Pc5. The observations show intensive generation of geomagnetic pulsations during thunderstorms. Using an electromagnetic noise monitoring system covering the ULF range (0.01-10 Hz) A.S. Fraser-Smith observed intensive ULF electromagnetic wave during a large thunderstorm near the San-Francisco Bay area on September 23, 1990. According to this data the most significant amplification in ULF wave activity was observed for waves with a frequency of 0.01 Hz and it is entirely possible that stronger enhancements would have been measured at lower frequencies.
Yukhimuk, V.; Roussel-Dupre, R.
Acerca de las ondas Acerca de las ondas Volver Principal ESTOY PERDIDO!!! Hablando en términos simples, una onda es algo que oscila en el tiempo y en el espacio. Las ondas se extienden de un lugar a otro. Pueden vibrar periódicamente (como el sonido de la nota de un violín) o de modo no periódico (como en el sonido de una explosión, por ejemplo.) Todas las ondas tienen las siguientes propiedades: El tamaño de la vibración se llama su amplitud. Cuán seguido ocurre la vibración es la frecuencia. La distancia que la onda ha recorrido entre dos máximos es la longitud de onda. Puesto que una onda dada se propaga a una determinada velocidad, a través de un material, si Usted incrementa la frecuencia de la onda, la distancia entre crestas disminuirá (es decir se produce una disminución
Arbitrary amplitude dust ion acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized suprathermal dusty plasma
The linear and nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) wave propagating obliquely with respect to an external magnetic field is studied in a magnetized complex plasma which consists of a cold ion fluid, superthermal electrons, and static dust particles. The propagation properties of two possible modes (in the linear regime) are investigated. It is found that the electron suprathermality and the electron population decrease the phase velocities of both modes, while obliqueness leads to increase of separation between two modes. An energy-like equation derived to describe the nonlinear evolution of DIA solitary waves. The influences of electron suprathermality, obliqueness, and electron population on the existence domain of solitary waves and the soliton characteristics are examined. It is shown that the existence domain of the DIA soliton and its profile are significantly depending on the deviation of electrons from thermodynamic equilibrium, electrons population, and obliqueness. It is also found that the suprathermal plasma supports the DIA solitons with larger amplitude.
Shahmansouri, M. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Alinejad, H. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Babol University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran and Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM), P.O. Box 55134-441, Maragha (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
The Mental State of Influencers
Most analysis of influence looks at the mechanisms Used, and how effectively they work on the intended audience. Here we consider influence from another perspective: what do the language choices made by influencers enable us to detect about their internal ... Keywords: language usage, ranking, Jihadi language, deception
D. B. Skillicorn; C. Leuprecht
Comparisons on offshore structure responses to random waves using linear and high-order wave theories
The predicted responses of an offshore structure when the wave induced kinematics are computed from different estimation methods can change significantly. The sometimes controversial results have recently motivated the development of a new methodology for wave kinematics prediction. While the methods commonly used by the offshore industry are empirical and semi-empirical modifications of Linear (random) Wave Theory, the new approach (Hybrid Wave Model) satisfies the principles of hydrodynamics and explicitly considers the non-linear effect of the wave-wave interactions on wave elevation, kinematics and evolution. This methodology has been proven to be more accurate and reliable for the estimations of wave kinematics, but its impact on the prediction of the structural response is yet to be investigated. In this study, the performance of the new methodology arid other methods currently used for kinematics prediction was tested. The (surge) response of two offshore structures designed specially for deep-oil production was estimated using three methods (Hybrid Wave Model, Wheeler "Stretching" and Linear Extrapolation) and compared with the corresponding laboratory measurements. The wave forces were computed from the conventional Morison Equation evaluating the ambient wave kinematics from the wave elevation measurements. A numerical scheme based on a Finite Element time integration technique (Newmark-beta method) was used for the response evaluation after it had been validated and calibrated by an analytical (linear) solution and measured responses for regular waves. The comparisons between measured and predicted responses using kinematics calculated from the Hybrid Wave Model showed excellent agreement, specially for the low frequency components, while those using methods based on linear modifications rendered poor underestimations. The low frequency (peak) responses of these deep-water offshore structures were found to be greatly dominated by very low frequency wave excitations, which are mainly due to the wave-wave interactions.
Ramos Heredia, Rafael Juda
Differences between positrons and electrons in elastic and inelastic processes at surfaces
The elastic scattering of positrons of 30 to 300 eV differs significantly from electrons, i.e., a lack of an exchange interaction and ion core repulsion, instead of attraction. Inelastic scattering also differs because there are no final scattering states for the positron which are excluded by the Pauli principle, thus resulting in a shorter positron elastic mean free path. The resulting advantages of LEPD over LEED will be discussed. When a positron is implanted and thermalizes in a solid, many possible fates occur which differs from electrons. The dominant processes for positrons occurring at a metallic surface are (i) localization in a surface state, and (ii) direct reemission from the metal into the vacuum in those systems which exhibit a negative positron work function; during this reemission process the positrons can loose energy by exciting molecular vibrations, (iii) reemission into the vacuum with an electron, thus forming positronium. 47 references.
Canter, K.F.; Lynn, K.G.
The elastic scattering of 30--300 eV positrons differs significantly from electrons, i.e., a lack of an exchange interaction and ion core repulsion, instead of attraction. Inelastic scattering also differs because there are no final scattering states for the positron which are excluded by the Pauli principle, thus resulting in a shorter positron elastic mean free path. The resulting advantages of LEPD over LEED will be discussed. When a positron is implanted and thermalizes in a solid, many possible fates occur which differs from electrons. The dominant processes for positrons occurring as a metallic surface are (i) localization in a surface state, (ii) direct reemission from the metal into the vacuum in those systems which exhibit a negative positron work function; during this reemission process the positrons can loose energy by exciting molecular vibrations, and (iii) reemission into the vacuum with an electron, thus forming positronium.
Elastic and transport properties in polycrystals of crackedgrains: Cross-property relations and microstructure
Some arguments of Bristow (1960) concerning the effects of cracks on elastic and transport (i.e., electrical or thermal conduction) properties of cold-worked metals are reexamined. The discussion is posed in terms of a modern understanding of bounds and estimates for physical properties of polycrystals--in contrast to Bristow's approach using simple mixture theory. One type of specialized result emphasized here is the cross-property estimates and bounds that can be obtained using the methods presented. Our results ultimately agree with those of Bristow, i.e., confirming that microcracking is not likely to be the main cause of the observed elastic behavior of cold-worked metals. However, it also becomes clear that the mixture theory approach to the analysis is too simple and that crack-crack interactions are necessary for proper quantitative study of Bristow's problem.
Berryman, J.G.
Elastic scattering measurements for {sup 7}Be+{sup 27}Al system at RIBRAS facility
Elastic scattering angular distribution measurements of {sup 7}Be+{sup 27}Al system were performed at the laboratory energy of 15.6 MeV. The {sup 7}Be secondary beam was produced by the proton transfer reaction {sup 3}He({sup 6}Li,{sup 7}Be) and impinged on {sup 27}Al and {sup 197}Au targets, using the Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility, RIBRAS. The elastic angular distribution was obtained within the angular range of 15{sup 0} - 80{sup 0} at the center of mass frame. Optical model calculations have been performed using the Woods- Saxon form factors and the Sao Paulo potential to fit the experimental data. The total reaction cross section was derived.
Morcelle, V. [Instituto de Fisica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210-346, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Depto de Fisica Nuclear, Universidade de Sao Paulo, C.P. 66318, 05389-970, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Lichtenthaeler, R.; Morais, M. C.; Lepine-Szily, A.; Guimaraes, V.; Faria, P. N. de; Gasques, L.; Pires, K. C. C.; Condori, R. P. [Depto de Fisica Nuclear, Universidade de Sao Paulo, C. P. 66318, 05389-970, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Gomes, P. R. S.; Lubian, J.; Mendes, D. R. Jr. [Instituto de Fisica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210-346, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Barioni, A. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340, Bahia (Brazil); Shorto, J. M. B. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares- IPEN, 05508-000, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Zamora, J. C. [Departament of Physics, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt (Germany)
Total Hadronic Cross Section and the Elastic Slope: An Almost Model-Independent Connection
An almost model-independent parametrization for the ratio of the total cross section to the elastic slope, as function of the center of mass energy, is introduced. The analytical result is based on the approximate relation of this quantity with the ratio $R$ of the elastic to total cross section and empirical fits to the $R$ data from proton-proton scattering above 10 GeV, under the conditions of asymptotic unitarity and the black-disk limit. This parametrization may be useful in studies of extensive air showers and the determination of the proton-proton total cross section from proton-air production cross section in cosmic-ray experiments.
D. A. Fagundes; M. J. Menon
Analysis of the Price Elasticity of Demand for Analysis of the Price Elasticity of Demand for Household Appliances Larry Dale and K. Sydny Fujita February 2008 Energy Analysis Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not
Trajectory eigenmodes of an orbiting wave source
Resonances usually result from wave superpositions in cavities where they are due to the wave spatio-temporal folding imposed by the boundaries. These energy accumulations are the signature of the cavity eigenmodes. Here we study a situation in which wave superposition results from the motion of a source emitting sustained overlapping waves. It is found that resonances can be produced in an unbounded space, the boundary conditions being now defined by the trajectory. When periodic trajectories are investigated, it is found that for a discrete subset of orbits, resonant wave modes are excited. Trajectory eigenmodes thus emerge. These modes have three attributes. Their associated resonant wave fields are the Fourier transform of the source's trajectory. They are non-radiative and they satisfy the perimeter Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule.
Emmanuel Fort; Yves Couder
Refrigeration system having standing wave compressor
A compression-evaporation refrigeration system, wherein gaseous compression of the refrigerant is provided by a standing wave compressor. The standing wave compressor is modified so as to provide a separate subcooling system for the refrigerant, so that efficiency losses due to flashing are reduced. Subcooling occurs when heat exchange is provided between the refrigerant and a heat pumping surface, which is exposed to the standing acoustic wave within the standing wave compressor. A variable capacity and variable discharge pressure for the standing wave compressor is provided. A control circuit simultaneously varies the capacity and discharge pressure in response to changing operating conditions, thereby maintaining the minimum discharge pressure needed for condensation to occur at any time. Thus, the power consumption of the standing wave compressor is reduced and system efficiency is improved.
Lucas, Timothy S. (Glen Allen, VA)
SeWave | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » SeWave Jump to: navigation, search Name SeWave Place Denmark Zip FO-110 Product Denmark-based 50:50 JV between UK's Wavegen and Faroese electricity company SEV to to design and build a tunnelled demonstration wave power plant in the Faroes Islands. References SeWave[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. SeWave is a company located in Denmark . References ↑ "SeWave"
Carnegie Wave Energy Limited | Open Energy Information
Carnegie Wave Energy Limited Carnegie Wave Energy Limited Jump to: navigation, search Name Carnegie Wave Energy Limited Address 1 124 Stirling Highway Place North Fremantle Zip 6159 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Year founded 1993 Number of employees 25 Website http://www.carnegiewave.com Region Australia LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: CETO La Reunion CETO3 Garden Island Perth Wave Energy Project PWEP This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: CETO Wave Energy Technology This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Wave_Energy_Limited&oldid=678263
Property:Wave Direction | Open Energy Information
Direction Direction Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Wave Direction Property Type String Pages using the property "Wave Direction" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) A Alden Small Flume + Uni-Directional + Alden Wave Basin + Both + C Carderock Maneuvering & Seakeeping Basin + Both + Carderock Tow Tank 2 + Uni-Directional + Carderock Tow Tank 3 + Uni-Directional + Chase Tow Tank + Uni-Directional + Coastal Harbors Modeling Facility + Uni-Directional + Coastal Inlet Model Facility + Uni-Directional + Coastal Structures Modeling Complex + Both + D Davidson Laboratory Tow Tank + Uni-Directional + DeFrees Large Wave Basin + Uni-Directional + DeFrees Small Wave Basin + Uni-Directional + H Haynes Wave Basin + Both +
This review presents the elastic theory of low-dimensional (one- and two-dimensional) continua and its applications in bio- and nano-structures. First, the curve and surface theory, as the geometric representation of the low-dimensional continua, is briefly described through Cartan moving frame method. The elastic theory of Kirchhoff rod, Helfrich rod, bending-soften rod, fluid membrane, and solid shell is revisited. Secondly, the application and availability of the elastic theory of low-dimensional continua in bio-structures, including short DNA rings, lipid membranes, and cell membranes, are discussed. The kink stability of short DNA rings is addressed by using the theory of Kirchhoff rod, Helfrich rod, and bending-soften rod. The lipid membranes obey the theory of fluid membrane. A cell membrane is simplified as a composite shell of lipid bilayer and membrane skeleton, which is a little similar to the solid shell. It is found that the membrane skeleton enhances highly the mechanical stability of cell membranes. Thirdly, the application and availability of the elastic theory of low-dimensional continua in nano-structures, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, are discussed. A revised Lenosky lattice model is proposed based on the local density approximation. Its continuum form up to the second order terms of curvatures and strains is the same as the free energy of 2D solid shells. Several typical mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes are revisited and investigated based on this continuum form. It is possible to avoid introducing the controversial concepts, the Young's modulus and thickness of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes, with this continuum form.
Z. C. Tu; Z. C. Ou-Yang
Preliminary results on the empirical applicability of the Tsallis distribution in elastic hadron scattering
We show that the proton-proton elastic differential cross section data at dip position and beyond can be quite well described by a parametrization based on the Tsallis distribution, with only five free fit parameters. Extrapolation of the results obtained at 7 TeV to large momentum transfer, suggests that hadrons may not behave as a black-disk at the asymptotic energy region.
Fagundes, D. A.; Menon, M. J.; Silva, P. V. [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP 13083-859 Campinas, SP (Brazil)
Sensitivity of cross sections for elastic nucleus-nucleus scattering to halo nucleus density distributions
In order to clear up the sensitivity of the nucleus-nucleus scattering to the nuclear matter distributions in exotic halo nuclei, we have calculated differential cross sections for elastic scattering of the {sup 6}He and {sup 11}Li nuclei on several nuclear targets at the energy of 0.8 GeV/nucleon with different assumed nuclear density distributions in {sup 6}He and {sup 11}Li.
Alkhazov, G. D.; Sarantsev, V. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI (Russian Federation)
Perfectly elastic collisions as origin of quantum states of superconductivity and magnetic order
One of the most interesting properties of solid materials is the ability to form different collective quantum states, such as superconductivity and magnetic order. This paper presents a model of perfectly elastic collisions (p.e.c.) as the universal origin of these collective quantum states. The superb agreement between calculated values and experimental data for critical temperatures, moreover, the explanation of the isotope effect in superconductivity and magnetic order confirms that this model successfully describes these two quantum states.
Mushkolaj Shpend
How Fluids Bend: the Elastic Expansion for Higher-Dimensional Black Holes
Hydrodynamics can be consistently formulated on surfaces of arbitrary co-dimension in a background space-time, providing the effective theory describing long-wavelength perturbations of black branes. When the co-dimension is non-zero, the system acquires fluid-elastic properties and constitutes what is called a fluid brane. Applying an effective action approach, the most general form of the free energy quadratic in the extrinsic curvature and extrinsic twist potential of stationary fluid brane configurations is constructed to second order in a derivative expansion. This construction generalizes the Helfrich-Canham bending energy for fluid membranes studied in theoretical biology to the case in which the fluid is rotating. It is found that stationary fluid brane configurations are characterized by a set of 3 elastic response coefficients, 3 hydrodynamic response coefficients and 1 spin response coefficient for co-dimension greater than one. Moreover, the elastic degrees of freedom present in the system are coupled to the hydrodynamic degrees of freedom. For co-dimension-1 surfaces we find a 8 independent parameter family of stationary fluid branes. It is further shown that elastic and spin corrections to (non)-extremal brane effective actions can be accounted for by a multipole expansion of the stress-energy tensor, therefore establishing a relation between the different formalisms of Carter, Capovilla-Guven and Vasilic-Vojinovic and between gravity and the effective description of stationary fluid branes. Finally, it is shown that the Young modulus found in the literature for black branes falls into the class predicted by this approach - a relation which is then used to make a proposal for the second order effective action of stationary blackfolds and to find the corrected horizon angular velocity of thin black rings.
Jay Armas
Interactions and Focusing of Nonlinear Water Waves
The coupled cubic nonlinear Schr\\"odinger (CNLS) equations are used to study modulational instabilities of a pair of nonlinearly interacting two-dimensional waves in deep water. It has been shown that the full dynamics of these interacting waves gives rise to localized large-amplitude wavepackets (wave focusing). In this short letter we attempt to verify this result numerically using a Fourier spectral method for the CNLS equations.
Harihar Khanal; Stefan C. Mancas; Shahrdad Sajjadi
Excitation of a slow wave structure
The Green's function on a slow wave structure is constructed. The Green's function includes all radial modes, and for each radial mode, all space harmonics. We compare the analytic solution of the frequency response on the slow wave structure with that obtained from a particle-in-cell code. Favorable comparison is obtained when the first few lower order modes are resonantly excited. This gives some confidence in the prediction of converting a pulse train into radiation using a slow wave structure.
Zhang Peng; Lau, Y. Y. [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2104 (United States); Hoff, Brad; French, D. M. [Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117 (United States); Luginsland, J. W. [Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203 (United States)
Direct detection and solar capture of dark matter with momentum and velocity dependent elastic scattering
We explore the momentum and velocity dependent elastic scattering between the dark matter (DM) particles and the nuclei in detectors and the Sun. In terms of the non-relativistic effective theory, we phenomenologically discuss ten kinds of momentum and velocity dependent DM-nucleus interactions and recalculate the corresponding upper limits on the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section from the current direct detection experiments. The DM solar capture rate is calculated for each interaction. Our numerical results show that the momentum and velocity dependent cases can give larger solar capture rate than the usual contact interaction case for almost the whole parameter space. On the other hand, we deduce the Super-Kamiokande's constraints on the solar capture rate for eight typical DM annihilation channels. In contrast to the usual contact interaction, the Super-Kamiokande and IceCube experiments can give more stringent limits on the DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross section than the current direct detection experiments for several momentum and velocity dependent DM-nucleus interactions. In addition, we investigate the mediator mass's effect on the DM elastic scattering cross section and solar capture rate.
Wan-Lei Guo; Zheng-Liang Liang; Yue-Liang Wu
Laminin and biomimetic extracellular elasticity enhance functional differentiation in mammary epithelia
In the mammary gland, epithelial cells are embedded in a 'soft' environment and become functionally differentiated in culture when exposed to a laminin-rich extracellular matrix gel. Here, we define the processes by which mammary epithelial cells integrate biochemical and mechanical extracellular cues to maintain their differentiated phenotype. We used single cells cultured on top of gels in conditions permissive for {beta}-casein expression using atomic force microscopy to measure the elasticity of the cells and their underlying substrata. We found that maintenance of {beta}-casein expression required both laminin signalling and a 'soft' extracellular matrix, as is the case in normal tissues in vivo, and biomimetic intracellular elasticity, as is the case in primary mammary epithelial organoids. Conversely, two hallmarks of breast cancer development, stiffening of the extracellular matrix and loss of laminin signalling, led to the loss of {beta}-casein expression and non-biomimetic intracellular elasticity. Our data indicate that tissue-specific gene expression is controlled by both the tissues unique biochemical milieu and mechanical properties, processes involved in maintenance of tissue integrity and protection against tumorigenesis.
Alcaraz, Jordi; Xu, Ren; Mori, Hidetoshi; Nelson, Celeste M.; Mroue, Rana; Spencer, Virginia A.; Brownfield, Doug; Radisky, Derek C.; Bustamante, Carlos; Bissell, Mina J.
Elastic and radiative pi^+p scattering and properties of the Delta^{++} resonance
We study the Delta^{++} contributions to elastic and radiative \\pi^+p scattering within an effective Lagrangian model which incorporates the Delta, N, rho and sigma meson degrees of freedom. This model provides a description of the Delta resonance and its interactions that respects electromagnetic gauge invariance and invariance under contact transformations when finite width effects are incorporated. Following recent developments in the description of unstable gauge bosons, we use a complex mass scheme to introduce the finite width of the Delta^{++} without spoiling gauge invariance. The total cross section of elastic \\pi^+p scattering, whose amplitude exhibits the resonant plus background structure of S-matrix theory, is used to fix the mass, width and strong coupling of the \\Delta resonance. The differential cross section of elastic scattering is found in very good agreement with experimental data. The magnetic dipole moment of the Delta^{++}, \\mu_{Delta}, is left as the only adjustable parameter in radiative \\pi^+p scattering. From a fit to the most sensitive configurations for photon emission in this process, we obtain \\mu_{\\Delta} = (6.14 +-0.51)e/2m_p, in agreement with predictions based on the SU(6) quark model.
G. Lopez Castro; A. Mariano
Determination of elastic properties of single aerogel powder particles with the AFM
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows direct measurement of local elastic sample properties by force spectroscopy. The AFM tip indents into a soft sample and the resulting relation between loading force and indentation is used to determine the elastic properties of the sample. In order to calculate the indentation an analytical expression for the sensor response vs. z-piezo displacement based on the Hertz model of mechanical contact is derived. This model is fitted to data obtained on a silica aerogel sample using a least-squares method. The aerogel powder particles were analysed individually for their surface structure and elastic behaviour. Prior to the indentation experiments, the aerogel surface was characterised by AFM in the tapping mode. The results were validated by the comparison of data obtained by using two types of cantilevers of very di#erent sti#nesses (spring constant k"0.2 and 54 N/m) and by assessing the reversibility of the indentation process. Tip indentations smaller than 200 nm were usually reversible, whereas indentations of 2000 nm caused irreversibilities. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Robert W. Stark; Tanja Drobek; Marcus Weth; Jochen Fricke; Wolfgang M. Heckl
Pion-Proton Elastic Scattering inthe energy Range 300 to 700MeV
Differential cross sections for elastic {pi}-p scattering have been measured at eight energies for positive pions and seven energies for negative pions. Energies ranged from 310 to 650 MeV. These measurements were made at the 3-BeV proton synchrotron at Saclay, France. A beam of pions from an internal BeO target was directed into a liquid hydrogen target. Fifty-one scintillation counters and a matrix-coincidence system were used to measure simultaneously elastic events at 21 angles and charged inelastic events at 78 {pi}-p angle pairs. Events were detected by a coincidence of pulses indicating the presence of an incident pion, scattered pion, and recoil proton and the results were stored in the memory of a pulse-height analyzer. Various corrections were applied to the data and a least-squares fit was made to the results at each energy. The form of the fitting function was a power series in the cosine of the center-of-mass angle of the scattered pion. Integration under the fitted curves gave values for the total elastic cross section. The importance of certain angular-momentum states, particularly the D{sub 13} state near 600 MeV, is discussed. Several possible explanations are given of the enhancement in the {pi}{sup -}-p cross sections near 600 MeV.
Ogden, Philip M.
Elastic and charge-exchange scattering of pions from /sup 3/He and /sup 3/H
We have examined (1) the elastic scattering of pions from the isodoublet /sup 3/He and /sup 3/H and (2) the single charge-exchange reaction /sup 3/H(..pi../sup +/,..pi../sup 0/)/sup 3/He using a formalism which incorporates the ..pi..-N multiple scattering to all orders. Emphasis is placed on numerical results which illustrate those features of the differential cross sections that are expected to be of interest to the experimentalist. Realistic nuclear densities corresponding to the form factors of elastic electron scattering were used. Charge-exchange cross sections are presented in terms of angular distributions for both the ..pi../sup 0/ and the recoil nucleus. In elastic scattering, Coulomb-nuclear interference effects are significant at incident pion kinetic energies of less than 100 MeV; form factor effects are apparent at large momentum transfer. Comparison of data and theory for ..pi../sup +/ - /sup 3/He with that for ..pi../sup -/ - /sup 3/He (or the conjugate ..pi../sup +/ - /sup 3/H) will provide a test of the convergence of the fixed scatterer, multiple-scattering formalism utilized in this report. 21 figures.
Gibson, B.F.; Hess, A.T.
Ab-initio elastic and thermodynamic properties of high-temperature cubic intermetallics at finite temperatures
In thiswork we present the development of a method for the prediciton of finite temperature elastic and thermodynamic properties of cubic, non-magnetic unary and binary metals from first principles calculations. Vibrational, electronic and anharmonic contributions to the free energy are accounted for while magnetic effects are neglected. The method involves the construction of a free energy surface in volume/temperature space through the use of quasi-harmonic lattice dynamics. Additional strain energy calculations are performed and fit to the derived thermal expansion to present the temperature dependence of single crystal elastic constants. The methods are developed within the framework of density functional theory, lattice dynamics, and finite elasticity. The model is first developed for FCC aluminum and BCC tungsten which demonstrate the validity of the model as well as some of the limitations arising from the approximations made such as the effects of intrinsic anharmonicity. The same procedure is then applied to the B2 systems NiAl, RuAl and IrAl which are considred for high temperature applications. Overall there is excellent correlation between the calculated properties and experimentally tabulated values. Dynamic methods for the prediction of temperature dependent properties are also introduced and a groundwork is laid for future development of a robust method.
Williams, Michael Eric
The analyzing power A{sub N} for pp elastic scattering is expected to reach a peak value of 0.045 in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region at a momentum transfer -t of 0.003 (GeV/c){sup 2}. During the 2004 RHIC Run, we completed a measurement of A{sub N} in the CNI region by detecting the recoil protons from pp elastic scattering using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the 100 GeV RHIC proton beam. We report the first measurements of the A{sub N} absolute value and shape in the -t range from 0.0015 to 0.010 (GeV/c){sup 2} with a precision better than 0.005 for each A{sub N} data point. The recoil protons were detected with two arrays of Si detectors. The absolute target polarization as monitored by a Breit-Rabi polarimeter was stable at 0.924 {+-} 0.018. This result allows us to further investigate the spin dependence of elastic pp scattering in the very low -t region.
Measurement of double polarized asymmetries in quasi-elastic processes ${}^3\\vec{He}(\\vec{e},e' d)$ and ${}^3\\vec{He}(\\vec{e},e' p)$
This thesis is dedicated to a study of a spin-isospin structure of the polarized {sup 3}He. First, an introduction to the spin structure of {sup 3}He is given, followed by a brief overview of past experiments. The main focus of the thesis is the E05-102 experiment at Jefferson Lab, in which the reactions {sup 3}{ovr He} ({rvec e}, e'd) and {sup 3}{ovr He} ({rvec e}, e'p) in the quasi-elastic region were studied. The purpose of this experiment was to better understand the effects of the S'- and D-state contributions to the {sup 3}He ground-state wave-functions by a precise measurement of beam-target asymmetries A{sub x} and A{sub z} in the range of recoil momenta from 0 to about 300 MeV/c. The experimental equipment utilized in these measurements is described, with special attention devoted to the calibration of the hadron spectrometer, BigBite. Results on the measured asymmetries are presented, together with first attempts at their comparison to the state-of-the art Faddeev calculations. The remaining open problems and challenges for future work are also discussed.
Miha Mihovilovic
Reliable Solution of a Unilateral Frictionless Contact Problem in Quasi-Coupled Thermo-Elasticity with Uncertain Input Data
A unilateral contact problem without friction in quasi-coupled thermo-elasticity and with uncertain input data is analysed. The worst scenario method is used to find the most "dangerous" admissible input data.
Ivan Hlav�cek; Jir� Nedoma
Own-price and income elasticities for household electricity demand : a survey of literature using meta-regression analysis.
??Maria Wist Langmoen Own-price and income elasticities for household electricity demand -A Literature survey using meta-regression analysis Economists have been modelling the electricity demand for� (more)
Langmoen, Maria Wist
Tropical cyclone identification and tracking system using integrated neural oscillatory elastic graph matching and hybrid RBF network track mining techniques
We present an automatic and integrated neural network-based tropical cyclone (TC) identification and track mining system. The proposed system consists of two main modules: 1) TC pattern identification system using neural oscillatory elastic graph matching ...
R. S.T. Lee; J. N.K. Liu
Lower Hybrid to Whistler Wave Conversion
In this presentation we discuss recent work concerning the conversion of whistler waves to lower hybrid waves (as well as the inverse process). These efforts have been motivated by the issue of attenuation of upward propagating whistler waves in the ionosphere generated by VLF transmitters on the ground, i.e., the 'Starks 20 db' problem, which affects the lifetimes of energetic electrons trapped in the geomagnetic field at low magnetic altitude (L). We discuss recent fluid and kinetic plasma simulations as well as ongoing experiments at UCLA to quantify linear and nonlinear mode conversion of lower hybrid to whistler waves.
Winske, Dan [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Phase-Coherent Amplification of Matter Waves
... in optical pulsed-dye laser amplifiers that are not well aligned. ... Superradiance is based on matter-wave bosonic stimulation, and thus the probability ...
Slow Wave Structures for Charged Particle Applications
of light in free space. This slower wave speed is important for acceleration of charged particles. The special shape of the cross-