text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Mechanical and chemical chip pre-treatment in mechanical pulp production.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
?? The mechanical pulping industry has been developing throughout the years, due to competitive prices in the electricity market and good accessibility of wood. Thisģ (more)
Sj÷lin, Malin
Mechanism of silica precipitation by lowering pH in chemi-thermomechanical pulping black liquors
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Black liquor is a complex colloidal system obtained by chemical pulping process. It comprises of lignin, nearly 50% of the total organic and Silica approx. 2-3% (OD basis) of the total inorganic components. Black liquor is fed to chemical recovery plant ... Keywords: black liquors, desilication and concentrators, lignin, silica
Muhammad Ikram Aujla; Ishtiaq-Ur-Rehman Ishtiaq-Ur-Rehman; Asad Javaid
Pulping lignocellulose in continuous pressurized batch digesters
A batch process to produce kraft pulp is described, in which a combination of black and white liquor is used for cooking of wood chips. In the process, the steam consumption to produce 357 tons/day pulp at 50% yield was approximately 1600 lb/ton pulp, compared with 4000 lb/ton for a batch digester of conventional type.
Green, F.B.
RSE Pulp & Chemical, LLC (Subsidiary of Red Shield Environmental...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
facility in an existing pulp mill to demonstrate the production of cellulosic ethanol from lignocellulosic (wood) extract. RSE Pulp & Chemical, LLC (Subsidiary of Red...
Pulp & Paper Industry- A Strategic Energy Review
The pulp and paper industry with yearly energy purchases of $5 billion per year including 50 billion kWh of power is one of the largest industrial energy producers in the U.S. However, structural changes in the global pulp and paper industry could greatly impact the energy purchases of U.S. firms. Depending on how energy suppliers react, this change could represent a threat or an opportunity.
Stapley, C. E.
PuLP: A Linear Programming Toolkit for Python
Sep 5, 2011 ... This required that PuLP be affordable, easily licensed, and ... trast to Pyomo ( section 4), another Python-based modelling language, PuLP does.
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Motor System Use This profile discusses how energy efficienct motor systems can help pulp and paper mills save money. Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use...
Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and...
Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and Paper Industry in China Title Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and Paper Industry in China Publication Type...
Paper pulp from sugar mill bagasse
This is a continuation-in-part of US Serial No. 884,513, abandoned. Neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) cooking of depithed bagasse gave pulp with improved physicomechanical properties for use in the production of newsprint paper. Thus, the NSSC cooking at 170-175/sup 0/ gave pulp in 70-75% yield. The NSSC pulp as above was bleached with alkali H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ at 50-70/sup 0/ to give a product with breaking load 8.7 kg, tensile 3.9%, breaking length 7.13 km, absolute tearing strength 135 cmg/cm, absolute bursting strength 3.8 kg/sq. cm and Elrepho brightness 61.
Krueger, H.; Berndt, W.; Schwartzkopff, U.; Reitter, F.J.; Hoepner, T.; Muehlig, H.J.
Novel Pulping Technology: Directed Green Liquor Utilization (D-GLU) Pulping
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The general objectives of this new project are the same as those described in the original proposal. Conventional kraft pulping technologies will be modified for significant improvements in pulp production, such as strength, bleachability, and yield by using green liquor, a naturally high, kraft mill-derived sulfidity source. Although split white liquor sulfidity and other high sulfidity procedures have the promise of addressing several of the latter important economic needs of pulp mills, they require considerable engineering/capital retrofits, redesigned production methods, and thus add to overall mill expenditures. Green liquor use, however, possesses the required high sulfidity to obtain in general the benefits attributable to higher sulfidity cooking, without the required capital constraints for implementation. Before introduction of green liquor in our industrial operations, a stronger understanding of its fundamental chemical interaction with the lignin and carbohydrates in US hardwood and softwoods must be obtained. In addition, its effect on bleachability, enhancement of pulp properties, and influence on the overall energy and recovery of the mill requires further exploration before the process witnesses widespread mill use in North America. Thus, proof of principle will be accomplished in this work and the consequent effect of green liquor and other high sulfide sources on the pulping and bleaching operations will be explored for US kraft mills. The first year of this project will generate the pertinent information to validate its ability for implementation in US pulping operations, whereas year two will continue this work while proceeding to analyze pulp bleachability and final pulp/paper properties and develop a general economic and feasibility analysis for its eventual implementation in North America.
Lucian A. Lucia
Final Technical Report Steam Cycle Washer for Unbleached Pulp
SciTech Connect
Project Abstract for ōSteam Cycle Washer for Unbleached Pulpö When completed, the patented SC Washer will provide an innovative, energy efficient demonstration project to wash unbleached pulp using a pressure vessel charged with steam. The Port Townsend Paper CorporationÆs pulp mill in Port Townsend, WA was initially selected as the host site for conducting the demonstration of the SCW. Due to 2006 and 2007 delays in the project caused by issues with 21st Century Pulp & Paper, the developer of the SCW, and the 2007 bankruptcy proceedings and subsequent restructuring at Port Townsend Paper, the mill can no longer serve as a host site. An alternate host site is now being sought to complete the commercial demonstration of the Steam Cycle Washer for Unbleached Pulp. Additionally, estimated costs to complete the project have more than doubled since the initial estimates for the project were completed in 2002. Additional grant funding from DOE was sought and in July, 2008 the additional DOE funds were procured under a new DOE award, DE-PS36-08GO98014 issued to INL. Once the new host site is secured the completion of the project will begin under the management of INL. Future progress reports and milestone tracking will be completed under requirements of new DOE Award Number DE-PS36-08GO98014. The following are excerpts from the project Peer Review completed in 2006. They describe the project in some detail. Additional information can be found by reviewing DOE Award Number: DE-PS36-08GO98014. 5. Statement of Problem and Technical Barriers: The chemical pulping industry is one of the major users of fresh water in the United States. On average the industry uses over 80 tons of water to produce one ton of pulp, some states use up to 50% more (Washington 120 and Wisconsin 140). In order to process one ton of pulp using 80 tons of process water, a large amount of: Ģ energy is used in process heat and Ģ power is required for pumping the large volume of pulp slurries through the pulping phases. Most water used in the pulping process ends up as warm waste water in the millÆs effluent discharge, which subsequently pollutes receiving waterways and carries an enormous amount of energy with it. Wash water reduction in brown stock washing with the Steam Cycle Washers (SCW) will save energy, up to 1+ million BTUs per ton of pulp in the evaporators alone. Reduction of liquid volume through bleaching stages will save process heat energy in the amount of 2+ million BTUs per ton of pulp, and as much as 80 ¢ 100 kWhrs of electrical power per ton of pulp due to reduced pumping costs. Currently, the technical barriers to water reduction in chemical pulping are basically as follows: Ģ conventional pulp washers wash the pulp at 10 - 14% consistency, Ģ conventional pulp washers use 12 ¢ 16 tons of wash water per ton of pulp, and Ģ they leave 30 ¢ 70 lbs of soda (Na2SO4) per ton of pulp as soda loss into the washed pulp. The amount of wash water in excess of the amount of process liquid in the pulp is called Dilution Factor (DF), even though it is not a factor in the mathematical sense but an addition. Modern pulp washing lines can wash efficiently with a DF of 3 but most pulp mills in the United States are washing with a DF of 5-7. Therefore, at 10% washing consistency 14-16 tons of wash water is required and 14% consistency requires 11-13 tons of wash water.
Starkey, Yvonne; Salminen, Reijo; Karlsnes, Andy
Opportunities to improve energy efficiency in the U.S. pulp and paper industry
on the US pulp and paper industry,ö Energy Policy 4 28 pp.in the Pulp and Paper Industry,ö Energy Policy 7-9 25The U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry: An Energy Perspective,ö
Worrell, Ernst; Martin, Nathan; Anglani, Norma; Einstein, Dan; Khrushch, Marta; Price, Lynn
Focus on Energy (2006). Pulp and Paper Energy Best PracticeThe U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry: An Energy Perspective.USE IN THE U.S. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY Energy represents a
Kramer, Klaas Jan
Factors Affecting Raw Material Inventory Management in the Northeastern United States Pulp and Paper Industry.
??Raw material inventory management is an area of concern for many pulp and paper companies in the Northeastern United States, and procurement managers for pulpģ (more)
Todd, Kevin Michael
Synthesis of SiC nanorods from bleached wood pulp
Unbleached and bleached soft wood pulps have been used as templates and carbon precursors to produce SiC nanorods. Hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), Silicic acid was infiltrated into the pulps followed by a carbothermal reduction to form SiC nanorods at 1400oC in Ar. Residual carbon formed along with SiC was removed by gasification at 700oC in air. The SiC materials prepared from unbleached pulp were non-uniform SiC with a thick SiO2 coating, while the SiC nanorods prepared from the bleached pulp were uniform and straight with dimensions of 250 nm in diameter and 5.0 mm long. The formation of uniform camelback structure of SiC in the reaction between silica and bleached pulp is attributed to more silica deposited in the amorphous region of cellulose.
Shin, Yongsoon; Wang, Chong M.; Samuels, William D.; Exarhos, Gregory J.
Mill Integration-Pulping, Stream Reforming and Direct Causticization for Black Liquor Recovery
MTCI/StoneChem developed a steam reforming, fluidized bed gasification technology for biomass. DOE supported the demonstration of this technology for gasification of spent wood pulping liquor (or 'black liquor') at Georgia-Pacific's Big Island, Virginia mill. The present pre-commercial R&D project addressed the opportunities as well as identified negative aspects when the MTCI/StoneChem gasification technology is integrated in a pulp mill production facility. The opportunities arise because black liquor gasification produces sulfur (as H{sub 2}S) and sodium (as Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) in separate streams which may be used beneficially for improved pulp yield and properties. The negative aspect of kraft black liquor gasification is that the amount of Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} which must be converted to NaOH (the so called causticizing requirement) is increased. This arises because sulfur is released as Na{sub 2}S during conventional kraft black liquor recovery, while during gasification the sodium associated Na{sub 2}S is partly or fully converted to Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}. The causticizing requirement can be eliminated by including a TiO{sub 2} based cyclic process called direct causticization. In this process black liquor is gasified in the presence of (low sodium content) titanates which convert Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} to (high sodium content) titanates. NaOH is formed when contacting the latter titanates with water, thereby eliminating the causticizing requirement entirely. The leached and low sodium titanates are returned to the gasification process. The project team comprised the University of Maine (UM), North Carolina State University (NCSU) and MTCI/ThermoChem. NCSU and MTCI are subcontractors to UM. The principal organization for the contract is UM. NCSU investigated the techno-economics of using advanced pulping techniques which fully utilize the unique cooking liquors produced by steam reforming of black liquor (Task 1). UM studied the kinetics and agglomeration problems of the conversion of Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} to (high sodium) titanates during gasification of black liquor in the presence of (low sodium) titanates or TiO{sub 2} (Task 2). MTCI/ThermoChem tested the performance and operability of the combined technology of steam reforming and direct causticization in their Process Development Unit (PDU) (Task 3). The specific objectives were: (1) to investigate how split sulfidity and polysulfide (+ AQ) pulping can be used to increase pulp fiber yield and properties compared to conventional kraft pulping; (2) to determine the economics of black liquor gasification combined with these pulping technologies in comparison with conventional kraft pulping and black liquor recovery; (3) to determine the effect of operating conditions on the kinetics of the titanate-based direct causticization reaction during black liquor gasification at relatively low temperatures ({le} 750 C); (4) to determine the mechanism of particle agglomeration during gasification of black liquor in the presence of titanates at relatively low temperatures ({le} 750 C); and (5) to verify performance and operability of the combined technology of steam reforming and direct causticization of black liquor in a pilot scale fluidized bed test facility.
Adriaan van Heiningen
Method and apparatus for assaying wood pulp fibers
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Paper pulp is added to a stain solution. The stain solution and pulp fibers are mixed to form a slurry. Samples are removed from the slurry and are admixed with dilution water and a bleach. Then, the fibers are moved into a flow cell where they are subjected to a light source adapted to stimulate fluorescence from the stained pulp fiber. Before the fiber slurry enters the flow cell it is mixed with a dilution water of bleach to reduce background fluorescence. The fluorescent light is collimated and directed through a dichroic filter onto a fluorescence splitting dichroic filter.
Gustafson, Richard (Bellevue, WA); Callis, James B. (Seattle, WA); Mathews, Jeffrey D. (Neenah, WI); Robinson, John (Issaquah, WA); Bruckner, Carsten A. (San Mateo, CA); Suvamakich, Kuntinee (Seattle, WA)
Microsoft Word - Pulp and Paper EPI Documentation FINAL 05212012
Alabama Pine Pulp Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Pulp Biomass Facility Pulp Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Alabama Pine Pulp Biomass Facility Facility Alabama Pine Pulp Sector Biomass Location Monroe County, Alabama Coordinates 31.5119068┬░, -87.460397┬░ Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":31.5119068,"lon":-87.460397,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Dry Kraft Pulping at Ambient Pressure for Cost Effective Energy Saving and Pollution Deduction
Sponsored by the DOE Industrial Energy Efficiency Grand Challenge program, our research team at the Georgia Institute of Technology conducted laboratory studies and confirmed the concept of making wood pulp using a dry pulping technology. This technology is a new process different from any prior pulping technology used in Kraft and CTMP pulping. Three different kinds of dry pulping methods were investigated. (a) Dry Pulping at Atmospheric Pressure: The first one is to dry and bake the pretreated woodchips in a conventional oven at atmospheric pressure without the use of a catalyst. (b) Dry Pulping at Reduced Pressure: The second method is to dry the pretreated woodchips first in a vacuum oven in the presence of anthraquinone (AQ) as a pulping catalyst, followed by baking at elevated temperature. (c) Liquid Free Chemical Pulping, LFCP. The third method is to first remove the free water of pretreated woodchips, followed by dry pulping using a conventional Kraft pulping digester with AQ and triton as additives. Method one: Experimental results indicated that Dry Pulping at Atmospheric Pressure could produce pulp with higher brightness and lower bulk than conventional Kraft pulp. However, tensile strength of the acquired pulp is much lower than traditional Kraft pulp, and their Kappa number and energy consumption are higher than conventional Kraft pulp. By fully analyzing the results, we concluded that wood fibers might be damaged during the drying process at elevated temperature. The main reason for wood fiber damage is that a long drying time was used during evaporation of water from the woodchips. This resulted in an un-uniform reaction condition on the woodchips: the outside layer of the woodchips was over reacted while inside the woodchips did not reacted at all. To solve this problem, dry pulping at reduced pressure was investigated. Method two: To achieve uniform reaction throughout the entire reaction system, the water inside the pretreated woodchips was evaporated first under vacuum condition at low temperature. Then, the dry woodchips were baked at high temperature (120-130 C) at atmospheric pressure. The qualities of the pulp made with this method were improved compared to that made with method one. The pulp shows higher brightness and lower bulk than Kraft pulping. The tensile strength is significantly higher than the pulp made from the first method. Although the pulp is stronger than that of TMP pulp, it is still lower than conventional Kraft fiber. Method Three: The third dry method was done in a Kraft pulping digester at elevated pressure but without free liquid in the digester. With this method, pulp that has almost the same qualities as conventional Kraft pulp could be produced. The screen yield, Kappa number, fiber brightness, pulp strength and pulp bulk are almost identical to the conventional Kraft pulp. The key advantages of this dry pulping method include ca. 55 % of cooking energy saved during the pulping process, as high as 50 wt% of NaOH saving as well as 3 wt% of Na2S saving comparing to Kraft one. By analyzing fiber properties, yields, chemical and energy consumptions, we concluded that the dry pulping method based on Liquid Free Chemical Pulping, LFCP, could be very attractive for the pulp and paper industry. More fundamental studies and scale up trials are needed to fully commercialize the technology. We expect to conduct pilot trials between 12 to 24 months of period if the DOE or industry can provide continual research funding. Based on the technology we demonstrated in this report, several pilot trial facilities in the United States will be available after small modifications. For example, the Herty Foundation in Savannah, Georgia is one of these potential locations. DOE funding for continuous study and final lead to commercialization of the technique is important.
Yulin Deng; Art Ragauskas
Yield Improvement and Energy Savings Uing Phosphonates as Additives in Kraft pulping
Project Objective: Develop a commercially viable modification to the Kraft process resulting in energy savings, increased yield and improved bleachability. Evaluate the feasibility of this technology across a spectrum of wood species used in North America. Develop detailed fundamental understanding of the mechanism by which phosphonates improve KAPPA number and yield. Evaluate the North American market potential for the use of phosphonates in the Kraft pulping process. Examine determinants of customer perceived value and explore organizational and operational factors influencing attitudes and behaviors. Provide an economic feasibility assessment for the supply chain, both suppliers (chemical supply companies) and buyers (Kraft mills). Provide background to most effectively transfer this new technology to commercial mills.
Ulrike W. Tschirner; Timothy Smith
Opportunities to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. pulp and paper industry
in the Pulp and Paper Industry,ö Energy Policy 25 (7-9):on reducing energy useö Pulp and Paper Magazine. Milleron the US pulp and paper industry,ö Energy Policy, Volume
Martin, Nathan; Anglani, N.; Einstein, D.; Khrushch, M.; Worrell, E.; Price, L.K.
Bioenergy Pumps New Life into Pulp and Paper Mills | Department of Energy
Bioenergy Pumps New Life into Pulp and Paper Mills Bioenergy Pumps New Life into Pulp and Paper Mills Bioenergy Pumps New Life into Pulp and Paper Mills December 13, 2011 - 4:12pm Addthis Old Town Fuel and Fiber, a former pulp mill, converts a portion of the wood chips used to make pulp to biofuels. | Energy Department photo. Old Town Fuel and Fiber, a former pulp mill, converts a portion of the wood chips used to make pulp to biofuels. | Energy Department photo. Neil Rossmeissl General Engineer What does this project do? Breathes new life into shuttered factories and mills. Saves and creates jobs. Despite Americans' voracious appetite for paper products -- a staggering 700 pounds per person annually -- America's pulp and paper industry has been struggling as of late due to competition from countries where
Wood Pulp Digetster Wall Corrosion Investigation
The modeling of the flow in a wood pulp digester is but one component of the investigation of the corrosion of digesters. This report describes the development of a Near-Wall-Model (NWM) that is intended to couple with a CFD model that determines the flow, heat, and chemical species transport and reaction within the bulk flow of a digester. Lubrication theory approximations were chosen from which to develop a model that could determine the flow conditions within a thin layer near the vessel wall using information from the interior conditions provided by a CFD calculation of the complete digester. The other conditions will be determined by coupled solutions of the wood chip, heat, and chemical species transport and chemical reactions. The NWM was to couple with a digester performance code in an iterative fashion to provide more detailed information about the conditions within the NW region. Process Simulations, Ltd (PSL) is developing the digester performance code. This more detailed (and perhaps more accurate) information from the NWM was to provide an estimate of the conditions that could aggravate the corrosion at the wall. It is intended that this combined tool (NWM-PSL) could be used to understand conditions at/near the wall in order to develop methods to reduce the corrosion. However, development and testing of the NWM flow model took longer than anticipated and the other developments (energy and species transport, chemical reactions and linking with the PSL code) were not completed. The development and testing of the NWM are described in this report. In addition, the investigation of the potential effects of a clear layer (layer reduced in concentration of wood chips) near the wall is reported in Appendix D. The existence of a clear layer was found to enhance the flow near the wall.
Giles, GE
BIOMASS AND BLACK LIQUOR GASIFIER/GAS TURBINE COGENERATION AT PULP AND PAPER MILLS ERIC D. LARSON Milano Milan, Italy ABSTRACT Cogeneration of heat and power at kraft pulp/paper mills from on-site bioma modeling of gasifier/gas turbine pulp-mill cogeneration systemsusing gasifier designs under commercial
Continuous On-Line Measurement of Lignin Concentration in Wood Pulp
We are working toward the development of an instrument for the continuous, on-line measurement of the lignin concentration in wood pulp. The instrument is based on laser induced fluorescence of the wood pulp and is to be used as a primary sensor for both feedback control of the pulping and feedforward control of bleaching. We report here the results of a series of laboratory tests that characterized the fluorescence properties of wood pulp and demonstrated a correlation between various fluorescence functions and the Kappa number of the pulps as determined by TAPPI Procedure T236.
Jeffers, L. A.; Roman, G. W.
Gas Turbine Considerations in the Pulp and Paper Industry
The pulp and paper industry is one of the largest users of energy in the industrial arena. Large quantities of process steam and electrical energy are required per unit of production. The pulp and paper industry has recognized the thermodynamic benefits and potentially attractive economics of developing power generation as an integral part of their power plant systems. The large requirements for process steam combined with process by-products and wood wastes make steam turbines a serious consideration in plant locations where suitable economic conditions are present. And many systems incorporating a wide variety of steam turbine types have been installed and are contributing toward profitable operations. In recent years, competitive pressures, environmental concerns, the cost and availability of various fuels, and new power generation opportunities have awakened the interest in power generation in the pulp and paper industry, as well as others. A strategic review of these issues creates the opportunity to favorably position the pulp and paper industry for the coming century. The industry has also become aware that gas turbine-based cogeneration systems can frequently be highly desirable relative to their traditional steam turbine approach.
Anderson, J. S.; Kovacik, J. M.
The case of the European Pulp and Paper IndustriesThe case of the European Pulp and Paper Industries October 2003
total primary energy supply. ┬╗ #12;Wood at the intersectionWood at the intersection Energy Raw material industry demandForecasted industry demand Supply of wood under historical managementSupply of wood underThe case of the European Pulp and Paper IndustriesThe case of the European Pulp and Paper
- DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE - DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY STAR® ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD MILLS GALE A. BOYD AND YI FANG GUO DUKE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS BOX 90097, DURHAM, NC 27708 MAY 21, 2012 SPONSORED BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AS PART OF THE ENERGY STAR PROGRAM. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was sponsored by the U.S. EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division's ENERGY STAR program. The research has benefited from comments by participants involved with the ENERGY STAR Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry Focus meetings. The research in this paper was conducted while the author was a Special Sworn Status researcher of the U.S. Census Bureau at the Triangle Census
Pretreatment of Pulp Mill Wastewater Treatment Residues to Improve Their Anaerobic Digestion.
??Anaerobic digestion of excess biological wastewater treatment sludge (WAS) from pulp mills has the potential to reduce disposal costs and to generate energy through biogasģ (more)
Wood, Nicholas
Removal of Thiosalts using Biomass Ash from Pulp and Paper Mill ...
Biomass ash used in this study is collected from Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Mill, NL and Zellstoff Celgar Mill, BC and is characterized to understand theĀ...
A study into the permeability and compressibility of Australian bagasse pulp.
??This is an experimental study into the permeability and compressibility properties of bagasse pulp pads. Three experimental rigs were custom-built for this project. The experimentalģ (more)
Rainey, Thomas James
U.S. Department of energy, the U.S. pulp and paper industry9 Figure 3. Primary Energy Use in U.S. Paperpolicies on the US pulp and paper industry,ö Energy Policy,
Color Removal from Pulp Mill Effluent Using Coal Ash Produced from Georgia Coal Combustion Power Plants
Color Removal from Pulp Mill Effluent Using Coal Ash Produced from Georgia Coal Combustion Power color from pulp mill effluent using coal ash. Prevent coal ash adsorbent from leaching arsenic, chromium, lead, and zinc. Define a treatment procedure using coal ash that will result in the maximum
Hutcheon, James M.
Advanced Modeling and Materials in Kraft Pulp Mills
This CRADA provided technical support to the Weyerhaeuser Company on a number of issues related to the performance and/or selection of materials at a number of locations in a pulp and paper mill. The studies related primarily to components for black liquor recovery boilers, but some effort was directed toward black liquor gasifiers and rolls for paper machines. The purpose of this CRADA was to assist Weyerhaeuser in the evaluation of materials exposed in various paper mill environments and to provide direction in the selection of alternate materials, when appropriate.
Keiser, J.R.; Gorog, J.P.
The Quality Monitoring Technology in the Process of the Pulping Papermaking Alkaline Steam Boiling Based on Neural Network
On the status quo that being lack of the testing equipment which gives reliable and direct parameters on measuring the quality of pulp in the cooking process, this article focus on the lignin value soft-measurement technology in the pulp and papermaking ... Keywords: Neural network, Pulp and papermaking, Soft-measurement model
Jianjun Su; Yanmei Meng; Chaolin Chen; Funing Lu; Sijie Yan
The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips Into Pulp For Making Paper Products
The overall goal of the project was to test the PureVision biomass fractionation technology for making pulp from loblolly pine. A specific goal was to produce a pulp product that is comparable to pulp produced from the kraft process, while reducing the environmental effects of the kraft process, known to be a highly pollutant process. The overall goal of the project was met by using the biomass fractionation concept for making pulp product. This proof-of-concept study, done with Southern pine pinchips as feedstock, evaluated NaOH concentration and residence time as variables in single-stage cocurrent pulping process. It can be concluded that 1% NaOH is adequate for effective delignification using the PureVision process; this is about ? of that used in the kraft process. Also, the PureVision process does not use sulfur-based chemicals such as N2S and hence, is environmentally more benign.
Kiran Kadam, PhD
Department of Energy Awards $2.2 Million to Save Energy in the Pulp and
Awards $2.2 Million to Save Energy in the Pulp Awards $2.2 Million to Save Energy in the Pulp and Paper Industry Department of Energy Awards $2.2 Million to Save Energy in the Pulp and Paper Industry December 20, 2005 - 4:50pm Addthis Total Cost-Shared Value of Research is $4.3 Million WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today awarded $2.2 million in research and development grants for projects to save energy in the pulp and paper industry. The research will focus on removing water from pulp in the paper making process and determining the technical and commercial feasibility of next generation manufacturing concepts. "New efficient technologies and processes are key to reducing our energy consumption now and in the future," said Douglas L. Faulkner, Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
Generation in the Pulp and Paper Industry FINAL REPORT
Milano. Any use the reader makes of this report, or any reliance upon or decisions to be made based upon this report are the responsibility of the reader. Neither Navigant Consulting, Princeton University nor Politecnico di Milano accepts any responsibility for damages, if any, The U.S. pulp and paper industry, with its substantial capacity for producing and using renewable biomass energy ¢ 1.6 quads in 2002 ¢ has the potential to contribute significantly to addressing global warming and U.S. energy security concerns, while potentially also improving its own global competitiveness. A key requirement for substantially enhancing renewable energy use in this industry to achieve these goals is the commercialization of breakthrough technologies, especially gasification. Gasification of biomass produces a fuel gas (ōsyngasö) consisting largely of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) that can be cleanly converted into electricity in a gas turbine combined cycle or, in the longer term, into transportation fuels such as Fischer-Tropsch liquids or hydrogen. The predominant form of biomass energy available at pulp mills today is black liquor, the ligninrich byproduct of fiber extraction from wood. Black liquor contains about half the energy of the
Eric D. Larson; Stefano Consonni; Ryan E. Katofsky
New industrial heat pump applications to an integrated thermomechanical pulp and paper mill
Application of pinch technology US industries in an early screening study done by TENSA Services (DOE/ID/12583-1) identified potential for heat pumps in several industrial sectors. Among these, processes with large evaporation units were found to be some of the most promising sectors for advanced heat pump placement. This report summarizes the results of a study for Bowater Incorporated, Carolina Division. The units selected for this study are the thermo-mechanical pulper (TMP), kraft digester, evaporators, boiler feed water (BFW) train and pulp dryer. Based on the present level of operation, the following recommendations are made: 1. Install a mechanical vapor compression (MVR) heat pump between the TMP mill and {number sign}3 evaporator. This heat pump will compress the 22 psig steam from the TMP heat recovery system and use it to replace about 70% of the 60 psig steam required in {number sign} evaporator. The boiler feed water heat losses (in the low pressure deaerator) will be supplied by heat available in the TMR's zero psig vent steam. 2. Study the digester to verify the practicality of installing an MVR heat pump which will compress the dirty weapons from the cyclone separator. The compressed vapors can be directly injected into the digester and thus reduce the 135 psig steam consumption. 31 figs., 9 tabs.
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ōWhat Efficiency Projects are Being Installed in the Pulp and Paper Industryö
The Wisconsin Focus on Energy program has seven years of experience on the actual projects that are being installed in the Pulp and Paper industry. The program has a broad perspective on the types and trends of investments in energy efficiency for this industrial sector. This paper would discuss these projects and trends to show what is working for the real investments in efficiency for the Pulp and Paper Sector. Also included in this paper will be a description of the Pulp and Paper Energy Best Practices Guidebook that was developed by Focus on Energy and is now published by TAPPI.
Nicol, J.
Materials needs and opportunities in the pulp and paper industry
The Department of Energy`s (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) supports research and development (R&D) in industry, the DOE national laboratories, and in universities to develop energy efficient, environmentally-acceptable industrial technologies. The Office of Industrial Technologies is working with seven energy-intensive industries to develop R&D roadmaps that will facilitate cooperative government-industry efforts to achieve energy-efficient, environmentally-acceptable, sustainable industries of the future. The forest products industry is one of the industries with which OIT is working to develop an R&D roadmap. The Advanced Industrial Materials (AIM) Program of the Office of Industrial Technologies sponsors long-term, directed research on materials that will enable industry to develop and utilize more energy-efficient, sustainable processes and technologies. The purpose of the study described in this report was to identify the material R&D needs and opportunities for the pulp and paper mill of the future.
Angelini, P. [comp.
Preliminary feasibility study of pulping catalyst production from lignin
A preliminary evaluation of the economic feasibility of preparing anthraquinone, a pulping catalyst, from readily available lignin has been performed. The proposed process begins with a fractionation of lignin from a black liquor stream by means of a supercritical fluid or conventional solvent extraction to give a low molecular weight fraction conductive to further chemical treatment. This fraction is sequentially oxidized with H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, treated with a diene and dehydrogenated to give anthraquinone. The cost of the proposed process is most dependent on the overall yield of the chemical processing steps with a smaller contribution noted for lignin processing. The projections indicate that anthraquinone could be produced for as low as $1.00--$1.25/lb using this process. Details of the process, chemical reactions and calculations are included.
Power, A.J. (Power (Arthur J.) and Associates, Boulder, CO (USA)); Bozell, J.J.; Chum, H.L. (Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (USA))
guidebook (a.k.a. the ōEnergy Guideö) for pulp and papermanufacturers. The Energy Guide discusses a wide range ofThe information in this Energy Guide is intended to help
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy.Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energyand energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. pulp and
Paper Industry: An Energy Perspective,ö U.S. Department ofConsumption of Energy 1994,ö U.S. DOE ¢ EIA, Washington,policies on the US pulp and paper industry,ö Energy Policy 4
Control of the Accumulation of Non-Process Elements in Pulp Mills with Bleach Filtrate Reuse: A Chemical Equilibrium Approach to Predicting the Partitioning of Metals in Pulp Mill and Bleach Plant Streams
The overall goal of this project was to develop fundamental, experimentally based methods for predicting the solubility or organic and inorganic matter and their interactions in recycled effluent from kraft pulp mills and bleach plants. This included: characterizing the capacity of wood pulp and dissolved organic matter to bind metal ions, developing a thermodynamic database of properties needed to describe the solubility of inorganic matter in pulp mill streams, incorporation of the database into equilibrium calculation software for predicting the solubility of the metals of interest, and evaluating its capability to predict the distribution of the metals between pulp fibers, inorganic precipitates, and solution.
Frederick, W.J. Jr.; Rudie, A.W.; Schmidl, G.W.; Sinquefield, S.A.; Rorrer, G.L.; Laver, M.L.; Yantasee, W.; Ming, D.
Development of a Pulp Process Treating Contaminated HEPA Filters (III)
The Pulp Process (PP) Treatment option was conceived as a replacement for the current Filter Leaching System (FLS). The FLS has operated at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory since 1995 to treat radioactive, mixed waste HEPA filters. In recent years, the FLS has exhibited difficulty in removing mercury from the HEPA filters as the concentration of mercury in the spent HEPA filters has increased. The FLS leaches and washes the whole filter without any preparation or modification. The filter media and the trapped calcine particles are confined in a heavy filter housing that contributes to poor mixing zones around the edges of the filter, low media permeability, channeling of the liquid through cracks and tears in the filter media, and liquid retention between leach and rinse cycles. In the PP, the filter media and the trapped calcine particles are separated from the filter housing and treated as a pulp, taking advantage of improved contact with the leach solution that cannot be achieved when the media is still in the HEPA filter housing. In addition to removing the mercury more effectively, the PP generates less volume of liquid waste, requires a shorter leach cycle time, and possesses the versatility for treating filters of different sizes. A series of tests have been performed in the laboratory to demonstrate the advantages of the PP concept. These tests compare the PP with the FLS under controlled conditions that simulate the current operating parameters. A prior study using blended feed, a mixture of shredded clean HEPA filter media and non-radioactive calcine particles, indicated that the PP would significantly increases the calcine dissolution percentages. In this study, hazardous-metal contaminated HEPA filter media was studied. The results of side-by-side tests indicated that the PP increased the mercury removal percentage by 80% and might be a solution to the mercury removal problem encountered by the current FLS. A patent application has been filed for the PP and the patent is pending. In order to validate the PP and collect information for engineering design and economical feasibility studies, pilot plant scale tests are planned.
Hu, J. S.; Ramer, J.; Argyle, M. D.; Demmer, R. L.
Integration of the Mini-Sulfide Sulfite Anthraquinone (MSS-AQ) Pulping Process and Black Liquor Gasification in a Pulp Mill
As many of the recovery boilers and other pieces of large capital equipment of U.S. pulp mills are nearing the end of their useful life, the pulp and paper industry will soon need to make long-term investments in new technologies. The ability to install integrated, complete systems that are highly efficient will impact the industryÆs energy use for decades to come. Developing a process for these new systems is key to the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies in the Forest Products industry. This project defined an integrated process model that combines mini-sulfide sulfite anthraquinone (MSS-AQ) pulping and black liquor gasification with a proprietary desulfurization process developed by the Research Triangle Institute. Black liquor gasification is an emerging technology that enables the use of MSS-AQ pulping, which results in higher yield, lower bleaching cost, lower sulfur emissions, and the elimination of causticization requirements. The recently developed gas cleanup/absorber technology can clean the product gas to a state suitable for use in a gas turbine and also regenerate the pulping chemicals needed to for the MSS-AQ pulping process. The combination of three advanced technologies into an integrated design will enable the pulping industry to achieve a new level of efficiency, environmental performance, and cost savings. Because the three technologies are complimentary, their adoption as a streamlined package will ensure their ability to deliver maximum energy and cost savings benefits. The process models developed by this project will enable the successful integration of new technologies into the next generation of chemical pulping mills. When compared to the Kraft reference pulp, the MSS-AQ procedures produced pulps with a 10-15 % yield benefit and the ISO brightness was 1.5-2 times greater. The pulp refined little easier and had a slightly lower apparent sheet density (In both the cases). At similar levels of tear index the MSS-AQ pulps also produced a comparable tensile and burst index pulps. Product gas composition determined using computer simulations The results demonstrate that RVS-1 can effectively remove > 99.8% of the H2S present in simulated synthesis gas generated from the gasification of black liquor. This level of sulfur removal was consistent over simulated synthesis gas mixtures that contained from 6 to 9.5 vol % H2S.A significant amount of the sulfur in the simulated syngas was recovered as SO2 during regeneration. The average recovery of sulfur as SO2 was about 75%. Because these are first cycle results, this sulfur recovery is expected to improve. Developed WINGems model of the process.The total decrease in variable operating costs for the BLG process compared to the HERB was in excess of $6,200,000 per year for a mill producing 350,000 tons of pulp per year. This represents a decrease in operating cost of about $17.7/ton of oven dry pulp produced. There will be additional savings in labor and maintenance cost that has not been taken into account. The capital cost for the MSSAQ based gasifier system was estimated at $164,000,000, which is comparable to a High Efficiency Recovery Boiler. The return on investment was estimated at 4%. A gasifier replacement cannot be justified on its own, however if the recovery boiler needs to be replaced the MSSAQ gasifier system shows significantly higher savings. Before black liquor based gasifer technology can be commercialized more work is necessary. The recovery of the absorbed sulfur in the absorbent as sulfur dioxide is only 75%. This needs to be greater than 90% for economical operation. It has been suggested that as the number of cycles is increased the sulfur dioxide recovery might improve. Further research is necessary. Even though a significant amount of work has been done on a pilot scale gasifiers using liquors containing sulfur, both at low and high temperatures the lack of a commercial unit is an impediment to the implementation of the MSSAQ technology. The implementation of a commercial unit needs to be facilated before the benefits of
Hasan Jameel, North Carolina State University; Adrianna Kirkman, North Carolina State University; Ravi Chandran,Thermochem Recovery International Brian Turk Research Triangle Institute; Brian Green, Research Triangle Institute
Atmospheric emissions of one pulp and paper mill. contribution to the air quality of Viana do Castelo
One of the most sensitive environmental impact of the pulp and paper mills is associated with the atmospheric pollution namely with sulphur compounds, particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. The study undertaken aimed to evaluate the influence of one ... Keywords: air pollution modelling, kraft pulp and paper mill, urban air pollution
LĒgia T. Silva; Josķ F. G. Mendes
Overview of the government/industry workshop on opportunities for new materials in pulp and paper processing
This report presents a synopsis of the presentations made at the two-day workshop conducted in Portland, Oregon, on August 12 and 13, 1993, for the Advanced Industrial Concepts division (AICD) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) and DOE national laboratory representatives from the pulp and paper industry. The information from the presentations is supplemented by additional statistics, as appropriate. The workshop objectives were (1) to develop a strategy and framework for collaboration between the pulp and paper industries and DOE`s national laboratories, (2) to identify major challenges to pulp and paper industry modernization, and (3) to identify research objectives for DOE national laboratories to improve materials and process technology in pulp and paper mills. Prior to the workshop, participants had the opportunity to tour paper mills and gain familiarity with pulp and paper processing methods. During the workshop, research needs for materials and processing that were identified at earlier AICD workshops were reviewed. Major problems of the pulp and paper industry were addressed, and ways in which DOE national laboratories are interacting with other industries to foster innovation and solve problems were presented. As a result of this and other workshops, a Pulp Paper Mill of the future strategy is being developed to address challenges identified in these proceedings. Continued efforts are expected by AICD to match candidate materials and processes from DOE national laboratories with the technology needs of pulp and paper mills.
Young, J.K.; Fowler, R.A.
The U.S. pulp and paper industry consumes over $7 billion worth of purchased fuels and electricity per year. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. pulp and paper industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This paper provides a brief overview of the U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR(R) for Industry energy efficiency guidebook (a.k.a. the"Energy Guide") for pulp and paper manufacturers. The Energy Guide discusses a wide range of energy efficiency practices and energy-efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, facility, and organizational levels. Also provided is a discussion of the trends, structure, and energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. pulp and paper industry along with a description of the major process technologies used within the industry. Many energy efficiency measure descriptions include expected savings in energy and energy-related costs, based on case study data from real-world applications in pulp and paper mills and related industries worldwide. The information in this Energy Guide is intended to help energy and plant managers in the U.S. pulp and paper industry reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner while maintaining the quality of products manufactured. Further research on the economics of all measures?as well as on their applicability to different production practices?is needed to assess their cost effectiveness at individual plants.
Kramer, Klaas Jan; Masanet, Eric; Worrell, Ernst
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use | ENERGY
Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use Pulp and Paper Mills: Profiting for Efficient Motor System Use Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources
Determination of Mechanical and Optical Properties of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp by NIR
; Associaca~o Brasileira Te┬┤cnica de Celulose e Papel: Sa~o Paulo, Brazil, 535┬Ł545. P. Fardim et al.278 #12
Ferreira, M├Īrcia M. C.
emissions: mineral carbonation and Finnish pulp and paper industry (CO2
- ation of slags from iron- and steel industry" pre- sented at the 4th Nordic Mini-symposium on CO2CO2 emissions: mineral carbonation and Finnish pulp and paper industry (CO2 Nordic Plus) and Use of serpentinites in energy and metal industry (ECOSERP) Carl-Johan Fogelholm, Project leader, professor Sanni
Zevenhoven, Ron
Applications of thermal energy storage to process heat storage and recovery in the paper and pulp industry. Final report, September 1977--May 1978
Applications of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in a paper and pulp mill power house were studied as one approach to the transfer of steam production from fossil fuel boilers to waste fuel (hog fuel) boilers. Data from specific mills were analyzed, and various TES concepts evaluated for application in the process steam supply system. Constant pressure and variable pressure steam accumulators were found to be the most attractive storage concepts for this application. Performance analyses based on the operation of a math model of the process steam supply system indicate potential substitution of waste wood fuel for 100,000 bbl oil per year per installation with the accumulator TES system. Based on an industry survey of potential TES application, which requires excess base steaming capability, the results from the individual installation were extrapolated to a near-term (1980's) fossil fuel savings in the paper and pulp industry of 3.2 x 10/sup 6/ bbl oil/year. Conceptual designs of mechanical equipment and control systems indicate installed cost estimates of about $560,000 per installation, indicating an after tax return on investment of over 30%.
Carr, J.H.; Hurley, P.J.; Martin, P.J.
Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries: Main Report
This report assesses steam generation and use in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum refining industries, and estimates the potential for energy savings from implementation of steam system performance and efficiency improvements.
Energy Conservation Progress and Opportunities in the Pulp and Paper Industry
In 1980 the pulp and paper industry was the third ranking consumer of total purchased fuels and energy in the U.S. industrial sector and the highest single industry in terms of residual oil consumption. Over the past decade in response to rapidly rising energy prices, the pulp and paper industry has made significant progress in reducing fossil fuel consumption through conservation and increased use of internally generated fuels. Purchased energy usage has declined from 19.2 Btu/ton of product in 1972 to 13.9 Btu/ton in 1982; and further significant reductions over the next decade appear likely. This paper examines the progress which has occurred in reducing the industry's reliance on purchased fossil fuel over the past decade, focusing on the key steps which led to energy conservation and increased fuel substitution. Present work toward continuing energy conservation will be reviewed and key opportunities for continued reduction into the 1990s will be examined.
Watkins, J. J.; Hunter, W. D.
On-line measurement of lignin in wood pulp by color shift of fluorescence
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method. 6 figs.
Jeffers, L.A.; Malito, M.L.
Lignin concentrations from wood pulp samples are measured by applying an excitation light at a selected wavelength to the samples in order to cause the lignin to emit fluorescence. A spectral distribution of the fluorescence emission is then determined. The lignin concentration is then calculated based on the spectral distribution signal. The spectral distribution is quantified by either a wavelength centroid method or a band ratio method.
Jeffers, Larry A. (Washington Township, Stark County, OH); Malito, Michael L. (Liberty Township, Trumbull County, OH)
Phase I Energy Targeting Study Using Pinch Analysis: Kamloops Pulp Mill
On behalf of EPRI and Global Energy Partners, American Process Inc. (API) carried out an energy targeting study using pinch analysis at Kamloops Pulp Mill. API constructed complete process flow diagrams and a partial simulation model of the steam and condensate system and of the warm and hot water systems. The heat recovery opportunities were quantified and a new condensing turbine was evaluated by incorporating the mill data from October 24, 2001. This data was assumed to be representative of year-round...
Abstract. Many energy and climate policies are being debated in the United States that could have significant impact upon the future of the pulp and paper industry. Five of these policies are examined here in terms of their possible directional influences on biomass energy and paper production: (1) a national renewable electricity standard, (2) a U.S. greenhouse gas cap and trade system, (3) stronger renewable fuels standards, (4) expanded state incentives for biomass pilot plants, and (5) more favorable taxation of forest property. The observed trends reinforce the value of forest product diversification through the addition of biomass power generation and transportation fuels/chemicals production as co-products of the pulp and paper industry. Therefore, directing capital expenditures to the increasingly cost-competitive and expanding biopower and biofuels markets would appear to have merit in anticipation of the promulgation of new energy and climate legislation. Accelerated investments in new facilities such as biorefineries and cogeneration units and in energy-efficiency upgrades would position the pulp and paper industry to profit from current trends and likely policy initiatives. 1.
Marilyn A. Brown; Nilgun Atamturk; Dr. Marilyn; A. Brown
A New Freeze Concentration Process for Minimum Effluent Process in Bleached Pulp
This project researches freeze concentration as a primary volume reduction technology for bleaching plant effluents from paper-pulp mills before they are treated by expensive technologies, such as incineration, for the destruction of the adsorbable organic halogens. Previous laboratory studies show that freeze concentration has a greater than 99.5% purification efficiency for volatile, semivolatile, and nonprocess elements, or any other solute, thus producing pure ice that can be reused in the mill as water. The first section evaluates the anticipated regulatory and public pressures associated with implementing the technology; the remaining sections deal with the experimental results from a scaled-up freeze concentration process in a 100-liter pilot-plant at Tufts University. The results of laboratory scale experiments confirmed that the freeze concentration technology could be an efficient volume reduction technology for the above elements and for removing adsorbable organic hologens and or nonprocess elements from recycled water. They also provide the necessary data for designing and operating a larger pilot plant, and identify the technical problems encountered in the scale-up and the way they could be addressed in the larger scale plants. This project was originally planned to include the operation of a large pilot plant in the facilities of Swenson Process Equipment Inc., and a field test at a pulp mill, but the paper company withdrew its financial support for the field test. In place of a final economic evaluation after the field test, a preliminary evaluation based on the small pilot plant data predicts an economically reasonable freeze concentration process in the case of reduction of the bleaching-effluent flow to less than 5 m3/kkg pulp, a target anticipated in the near future.
Qian, Ru-Ying; Botsaris, Gregory D.
Pinch Analysis Process Energy Integration Study of Slocan Fibreco Pulp Mill
This report presents the results of a Pinch analysis study undertaken at the Slocan Fibreco Pulp mill. The study's objective is to draw a global strategic plan of action aiming at the cost minimization of the mill's thermal energy usage. This has been achieved with the help of a well-proven process Ś energy integration technique called Pinch analysis, an approach that is particularly suitable to identify cost-effective solutions from a global perspective of the whole process. A 2-year maximum direc...
Use of Residual Solids from Pulp and Paper Mills for Enhancing Strength and Durability of Ready-Mixed Concrete
This research was conducted to establish mixture proportioning and production technologies for ready-mixed concrete containing pulp and paper mill residual solids and to study technical, economical, and performance benefits of using the residual solids in the concrete. Fibrous residuals generated from pulp and paper mills were used, and concrete mixture proportions and productions technologies were first optimized under controlled laboratory conditions. Based on the mixture proportions established in the laboratory, prototype field concrete mixtures were manufactured at a ready-mixed concrete plant. Afterward, a field construction demonstration was held to demonstrate the production and placement of structural-grade cold-weather-resistant concrete containing residual solids.
Tarun R. Naik; Yoon-moon Chun; Rudolph N. Kraus
Minimizing Energy Costs Through Water Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry
The quantity of steam required by a pulp and paper mill, as well as the quantity of power generated can effectively be optimized by managing the water cycles in the mill. This approach addresses the process systems within the mill and investigates the unit operations associated with the systems to optimize them. A byproduct of any water reduction program is a reduction in the steam use of the mill. Invariably, this results in an imbalance in the steam distribution, which can require rebalancing the turbogenerators. Process simulation is used to execute the heat and mass balances required at all stages of the analysis. The result is a rapid analysis that pinpoints deficient unit operations and offers a capital spending plan that outlines the necessary process changes. The usual result is a better process with less waste and pollution, improved yield, increased capacity, lower operating costs and reduced energy demands. A case study is presented: a 1990 study that significantly decreases waster usage and allowed additional pulp production while reducing total stream generation and increasing power production.
Wilson, P. H.
A hybrid capacitive pressure and temperature sensor fabricated by adhesive bonding technique for harsh environment of kraft pulp digesters
We have developed a compensated capacitive pressure and temperature sensor for kraft pulp digesters (pH 13.5, temperatures 25¢175░C reaching a local maximum of 180░C and pressures up to 2ĀMPa). The gauge capacitive pressure ...
Abdolreza R. Mohammadi; Chad P. J. Bennington; Mu Chiao
PERFORMANCE OF BLACK LIQUOR GASIFIER/GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION IN mE KRAFT PULP
PERFORMANCE OF BLACK LIQUOR GASIFIER/GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION IN mE KRAFT PULP the next 5 to 20 years. As a replacement for Tomlinson-based cogeneration, black liquor- gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration promises higher elecuical efficiency, with prospective environmental, safety
DOE Joint Genome Institute. Pulp NonFiction: Fungal Analysis Reveals Clues
March 22, 2012 March 22, 2012 Pulp NonFiction: Fungal Analysis Reveals Clues for Targeted Biomass Deconstruction Without fungi and microbes to break down dead trees and leaf litter in nature, the forest floor might look like a scene from TV's "Hoarders." Ceriporiopsis subvermispora mycelium on wood Photo: Scanning electron micrograph of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora mycelium on wood. (R. Blanchette, University of Minnesota) Massive-scale genome sequencing projects supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and being carried out at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) highlight the importance of learning how the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that serve as a plant's infrastructure can be broken down by these forest organisms to extract needed nutrients. Among the fungi being
1 2Impacts of Energy and Carbon Taxes on the US Pulp and Paper Industry
Market-based climate change policy instruments, such as energy and carbon taxes, have frequently been proposed as efficient means to stimulate industrial energy efficiency improvements and to reduce carbon emissions. This paper presents an assessment of the impacts that energy and carbon taxes may have on energy use and emissions profiles of the US pulp and paper industry. Time series data and engineering information are combined to endgenously specify changes in technologies and fuel mix within a dynamic computer model. The results of the model indicate under a wide range of assumptions that revenue-neutral energy or carbon taxes will increase carbon emissions when compared to the absence of those taxes, and that carbon emissions are higher under carbon taxes than under comparable energy taxes. Those seemingly counter-intuitive results have significant policy implications which are discussed in this paper.
Matthias Ruth; Brynhildur Davidsdottir; Matthias Ruth; Brynhildur Davidsdottir
Changing Trends in the Bulk Chemicals and Pulp and Paper Industries (released in AEO2005)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Compared with the experience of the 1990s, rising energy prices in recent years have led to questions about expectations of growth in industrial output, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Given the higher price trends, a review of expected growth trends in selected industries was undertaken as part of the production of AEO2005. In addition, projections for the industrial value of shipments, which were based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in AEO2004, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in AEO2005. The change in industrial classification leads to lower historical growth rates for many industrial sectors. The impacts of these two changes are highlighted in this section for two of the largest energy-consuming industries in the U.S. industrial sectorbulk chemicals and pulp and paper.
Information Center
Application of composted pulp and paper mill sludge to a young pine plantation
Disposing of sludge recovered from the effluent stream of pulp and paper mills has traditionally involved landfilling. Shortages in landfill space and increasingly stringent environmental regulations in many countries have forced the industry to seek alternative disposal options. The authors assessed the feasibility of compost-recycling a primary pulp and paper mill sludge (PMS) for use as a nutrient-releasing mulch in plantation forestry. The effects of the composted PMS on the growth, nutrition, water relations, and week suppression in a 3-yr-old plantation of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) on an infertile sandy soil in southern Tasmania were assessed. Compost was applied to the surface without incorporation in 0.5-m wide bands in tree rows at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 60 metric t ha{sup {minus}1} (dry matter). One year after application of compost, the percentage increase in stem diameter was 40 to 66% greater than that achieved in untreated plots, with better growth at the highest compost application rate. Improved growth of radiata pine after application of compost was primarily attributable to a 17 to 37% increase in the concentration of foliar N and to decreased water stress in amended plots. Nitrogen released from the compost was mostly absorbed by plant roots within the first 20 cm of the soil profile, with no significant movement beyond this depth range. Application of compost prepared from PMS to young stands of radiata pine was found to be acceptable recycling alternative for this material, capable of improving plantation productivity.
Jackson, M.J.; Line, M.A.; Wilson, S.; Hetherington, S.J.
Resource Guide for Technology Transfer to the Pulp and Paper Industry: Part 4: Power Plant Maintenance and Repair
In response to requests from EPRI's member utilities, EPRI's Pulp, Paper and Forest Products Office has developed a Resource Guide for technology products related to that industry. The Resource Guide contains an initial listing of technical reports, software, and products associated with power plant maintenance and repair as found in the EPRIWeb electronic database. These products are arranged to provide the reader with a quick evaluation of each item for applicability to the reader's specific needs.
Opportunities to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the US pulp and paper industry
The pulp and paper industry accounts for over 12% of total manufacturing energy use in the US (US EIA 1997a), contributing 9% to total manufacturing carbon dioxide emissions. In the last twenty-five years primary energy intensity in the pulp and paper industry has declined by an average of 1% per year. However, opportunities still exist to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the manufacture of paper in the US This report analyzes the pulp and paper industry (Standard Industrial Code (SIC) 26) and includes a detailed description of the processes involved in the production of paper, providing typical energy use in each process step. We identify over 45 commercially available state-of-the-art technologies and measures to reduce energy use and calculate potential energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions reductions. Given the importance of paper recycling, our analysis examines two cases. Case A identifies potential primary energy savings without accounting for an increase in recycling, while Case B includes increasing paper recycling. In Case B the production volume of pulp is reduced to account for additional pulp recovered from recycling. We use a discount rate of 30% throughout our analysis to reflect the investment decisions taken in a business context. Our Case A results indicate that a total technical potential primary energy savings of 31% (1013 PJ) exists. For case A we identified a cost-effective savings potential of 16% (533 PJ). Carbon dioxide emission reductions from the energy savings in Case A are 25% (7.6 MtC) and 14% (4.4 MtC) for technical and cost-effective potential, respectively. When recycling is included in Case B, overall technical potential energy savings increase to 37% (1215 PJ) while cost-effective energy savings potential is 16%. Increasing paper recycling to high levels (Case B) is nearly cost-effective assuming a cut-off for cost-effectiveness of a simple payback period of 3 years. If this measure is included, then the cost-effective energy savings potential in case B increases to 22%.
The pulp and paper industry accounts for over 12% of total manufacturing energy use in the U.S. (U.S. EIA 1997a), contributing 9% to total manufacturing carbon dioxide emissions. In the last twenty-five years primary energy intensity in the pulp and paper industry has declined by an average of 1% per year. However, opportunities still exist to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the manufacture of paper in the U.S. This report analyzes the pulp and paper industry (Standard Industrial Code (SIC) 26) and includes a detailed description of the processes involved in the production of paper, providing typical energy use in each process step. We identify over 45 commercially available state-of-the-art technologies and measures to reduce energy use and calculate potential energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions reductions. Given the importance of paper recycling, our analysis examines two cases. Case A identifies potential primary energy savings without accounting for an increase in recycling, while Case B includes increasing paper recycling. In Case B the production volume of pulp is reduced to account for additional pulp recovered from recycling. We use a discount rate of 30% throughout our analysis to reflect the investment decisions taken in a business context. Our Case A results indicate that a total technical potential primary energy savings of 31% (1013 PJ) exists. For case A we identified a cost-effective savings potential of 16% (533 PJ). Carbon dioxide emission reductions from the energy savings in Case A are 25% (7.6 MtC) and 14% (4.4 MtC) for technical and cost-effective potential, respectively. When recycling is included in Case B, overall technical potential energy savings increase to 37% (1215 PJ) while cost-effective energy savings potential is 16%. Increasing paper recycling to high levels (Case B) is nearly cost-effective assuming a cut-off for cost-effectiveness of a simple payback period of 3 years. If this measure is included, then the cost-effective energy savings potential in case B increases to 22%.
This paper analyzes the energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reductions potential of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, one of the largest energy users in the U.S. manufacturing sector. We examined over 45 commercially available state-of-the-art technologies and measures. The measures were characterized, and then ordered on the basis of cost-effectiveness. The report indicates that there still exists significant potential for energy savings and carbon dioxide emissions reduction in this industry. The cost-effective potential for energy efficiency improvement is defined as having a simple pay-back period of three years or less. Not including increased recycling the study identifies a cost-effective savings potential of 16% of the primary energy use in 1994. Including increased recycling leads to a higher potential for energy savings, i.e. a range of cost-effective savings between 16% and 24% of primary energy use. Future work is needed to further elaborate on key energy efficiency measures identified in the report including barriers and opportunities for increased recycling of waste paper.
Worrell, Ernst; Martin, Nathan; Anglani, Norma; Einstein, Dan; Krushch, Marta; Price, Lynn
Pulsed Corona Plasma Technology for Treating VOC Emissions from Pulp Mills
Under the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies Forest Products program various plasma technologies were evaluated under project FWP 49885 ''Experimental Assessment of Low-Temperature Plasma Technologies for Treating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Pulp Mills and Wood Products Plants''. The heterogeneous pulsed corona discharge was chosen as the best non-equilibrium plasma technology for control of the vent emissions from HVLC Brownstock Washers. The technology for removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from gas emissions with conditions typical of the exhausts of the paper industry by means of pulsed corona plasma techniques presented in this work. For the compounds of interest in this study (methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfide and ? -pinene), high removal efficiencies were obtained with power levels competitive with the present technologies for the VOCs removal. Laboratory experiments were made using installation with the average power up to 20 W. Pilot plant prepared for on-site test has average plasma power up to 6.4 kW. The model of the Pilot Plant operation is presented.
Fridman, Alexander A.; Gutsol, Alexander; Kennedy, Lawrence A.; Saveliev, Alexei V.; Korobtsev, Sergey V.; Shiryaevsky, Valery L.; Medvedev, Dmitry
A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry
Production of liquid fuels and chemicals via gasification of kraft black liquor and woody residues (''biorefining'') has the potential to provide significant economic returns for kraft pulp and paper mills replacing Tomlinson boilers beginning in the 2010-2015 timeframe. Commercialization of gasification technologies is anticipated in this period, and synthesis gas from gasifiers can be converted into liquid fuels using catalytic synthesis technologies that are in most cases already commercially established today in the ''gas-to-liquids'' industry. These conclusions are supported by detailed analysis carried out in a two-year project co-funded by the American Forest and Paper Association and the Biomass Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. This work assessed the energy, environment, and economic costs and benefits of biorefineries at kraft pulp and paper mills in the United States. Seven detailed biorefinery process designs were developed for a reference freesheet pulp/paper mill in the Southeastern U.S., together with the associated mass/energy balances, air emissions estimates, and capital investment requirements. Commercial (''Nth'') plant levels of technology performance and cost were assumed. The biorefineries provide chemical recovery services and co-produce process steam for the mill, some electricity, and one of three liquid fuels: a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude oil (which would be refined to vehicle fuels at existing petroleum refineries), dimethyl ether (a diesel engine fuel or LPG substitute), or an ethanol-rich mixed-alcohol product. Compared to installing a new Tomlinson power/recovery system, a biorefinery would require larger capital investment. However, because the biorefinery would have higher energy efficiencies, lower air emissions, and a more diverse product slate (including transportation fuel), the internal rates of return (IRR) on the incremental capital investments would be attractive under many circumstances. For nearly all of the cases examined in the study, the IRR lies between 14% and 18%, assuming a 25-year levelized world oil price of $50/bbl--the US Department of Energy's 2006 reference oil price projection. The IRRs would rise to as high as 35% if positive incremental environmental benefits associated with biorefinery products are monetized (e.g., if an excise tax credit for the liquid fuel is available comparable to the one that exists for ethanol in the United States today). Moreover, if future crude oil prices are higher ($78/bbl levelized price, the US Department of Energy's 2006 high oil price scenario projection, representing an extrapolation of mid-2006 price levels), the calculated IRR exceeds 45% in some cases when environmental attributes are also monetized. In addition to the economic benefits to kraft pulp/paper producers, biorefineries widely implemented at pulp mills in the U.S. would result in nationally-significant liquid fuel production levels, petroleum savings, greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and criteria-pollutant reductions. These are quantified in this study. A fully-developed pulpmill biorefinery industry could be double or more the size of the current corn-ethanol industry in the United States in terms of annual liquid fuel production. Forest biomass resources are sufficient in the United States to sustainably support such a scale of forest biorefining in addition to the projected growth in pulp and paper production.
Eric D. Larson; Stefano Consonni; Ryan E. Katofsky; Kristiina Iisa; W. James Frederick
Energy Analysis of a Kraft Pulp Mill: Potential for Energy Efficiency and Advanced Biomass Cogeneration
Energy use at a Kraft pulp mill in the United States is analyzed in detail. Annual average process steam and electricity demands in the existing mill are 19.3 MMBtu per ADST and 687 kWh per ADST, respectively. This is relatively high by industry standards. The mill meets nearly all its electricity needs with a back-pressure steam turbine. Higher electricity to heat ratios is an industry wide trend and anticipated at the mill. The potential for self-sufficiency in energy using only black liquor and bark available on-site is assessed based on the analysis of the present energy situation and potential process changes. The analysis here suggests that steam and electricity demand could be reduced by 89% by operating consistently at high production rates. Process modifications and retrofits using commercially proven technologies could reduce steam and electricity demand to as low as 9.7 MMBtu per ADST, a 50% reduction, and 556 kWh per ADST, a 19% reduction, respectively. Electricity demand could increase to about 640 kWh per ADST due to closed-cycle operation of the bleach plant and other efforts to improve environmental performance. The retrofitted energy efficient mill with low environmental impact could be self-sufficient in steam and electricity using conventional technology, such as a back pressure steam turbine or a condensing extraction steam turbine. In addition to meeting mill energy demand, about 1,000 kWh per ADST would be available for export from the mill if gasification/combined cycle technology were used instead.
Subbiah, A.; Nilsson, L. J.; Larson, E. D.
Bohmian Mechanics
Bohmian mechanics is a theory about point particles moving along trajectories. It has the property that in a world governed by Bohmian mechanics, observers see the same statistics for experimental results as predicted by quantum mechanics. Bohmian mechanics thus provides an explanation of quantum mechanics. Moreover, the Bohmian trajectories are defined in a non-conspiratorial way by a few simple laws.
Detlef Duerr; Sheldon Goldstein; Roderich Tumulka; Nino Zanghi
Mechanical down jar mechanism
This paper describes a mechanical down jar mechanism for freeing stuck objects within a well bore and for conducting other down hole activities. It comprises: an elongate tubular housing having anvil means; mandrel means adapted for connection to an object to be moved downwardly within the well bore and being disposed in telescoping relation with the anvil means and the elongate tubular housing, the mandrel means adapted to be struck by the anvil means to impart a downwardly directed jarring force to the object; the elongate tubular housing having internal firing and recocking detent groove means located in axially spaced relation and forming a firing lug support land therebetween; a radially expandable and retractable firing lug assembly being disposed within the elongate tubular housing and in absence of force being applied axially thereto being radially restrained by the firing lug support land; load spring means being disposed within the elongate tubular housing and being in downward force transmitting relation with the firing lug assembly; recocking spring means being disposed within the elongate tubular housing and having upward axial force transmitting relation with the firing lug assembly.
Taylor, W.T.
Bohmian mechanics contradicts quantum mechanics
Bohmian mechanics contradicts quantum mechanics Arnold Neumaier Institut fur Mathematik, Universit://solon.cma.univie.ac.at/#24;neum/ Abstract. It is shown that, for a harmonic oscillator in the ground state, Bohmian mechanics and quantum mechanics predict values of opposite sign for certain time correlations. The discrepancy can
Neumaier, Arnold
Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries: Main Report and Appendices (CD-ROM)
The main report on this CD assesses steam generation and use in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum refining industries, and estimates the potential for energy savings from implementation of steam system performace and efficiency improvements. The Appendices on this CD provide supporting information for the analyses and provides and recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Energy BestPractices Steam Program.
Compliant mechanisms
The motivation for this work has been a variety of motions like navigation of pipelines, insertion operations in assembly, and gripping actions, which require the adaptation of the mechanism to the external constraints, rather than avoid them. To this effect, efforts have been made in building mechanisms that obtain the required degrees of freedom through deformations rather than explicit joints in them. Although the use of many joints provides the required number of degrees of freedom, it does so at the cost of making the system very bulky and complex. With the advent of new polymers, the possibility of building joint-free mechanisms that fulfil the requirements of adaptation has increased. Based on this approach, a Magneto Active Polymer (MAP) material has been developed here at the Texas A\\&M University, in which the actuation is performed by the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy. The initial experimentation has proved the vast potential of the use of such a material and a few mechanisms like a magneto active peristaltic pump, have been designed and tested for the first time using this material. In this mechanism, the pumping action is obtained when a moving magnetic field produces peristaltic waves in the magneto active material shaped as a tube. Also for the first time, experiments have been conducted to analyze the response of the MAP material to a pulsating magnetic field with the intent of using the experimental results to develop a model of the MAP. In developing the design for the peristaltic pump and other conceptual models described in this thesis, ideas have been drawn from the different modes of locomotion and actuators present in lower organisms. These have been good sources of inspiration for the work done in this thesis and they have been documented in detail.
Venkataraghavan, Janarthanan T
Acceleration Mechanisms
Glossary I. Background and context of the subject II. Stochastic acceleration III. Resonant scattering IV. Diffusive shock acceleration V. DSA at multiple shocks VI. Applications of DSA VII. Acceleration by parallel electric fields VIII. Other acceleration mechanisms IX. Future directions X. Appendix: Quasilinear equations XI. Bibliography
Melrose, D B
Energy and protein production from pulp mill wastes. Final report, 15 Jun 1976-14 Jun 1979
The goal of this research was to convert the organics and sulfur in sulfite spent liquor (SSL) now classified as pollutants from sulfite pulp mills, into synthetic methane and protein by means of a combination chemical-biological process. Ozonization was used to break the high molecular weight lignosulfonate molecules present in SSL into lower weight fractions which could be metabolized by methane-producing bacteria and protein-producing yeast. Ozonization experiments showed that this treatment is effective in partially oxidizing and fragmenting lignosulfonates into fermentable substrates. This process is initiated at low ozone concentrations and proceeds rapidly until nearly 30% of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) has been consumed. The conditions under which ozonization is conducted greatly affect the degree of oxidation and the molecular weight of the cleaved fragments. In spite of the appreciable oxidative cleavage of the lignosulfonate molecules, continuous-flow fermentation studies showed rather low yields of methane and yeast from ozonated SSL. Under optimum conditions, methane production averaged only 1.7 1/1 of SSL or approximately 3% of the total organics present. Protein production was somewhat more favorable with 6% of the organics being converted to yeast biomass. (6g/1). Neither fermentation fully used all of the oxygenated fragments produced by ozonization, and thus, a two-stage process might yield better results. Although it appears that ozonization is not a viable treatment of SSL under present economic conditions, with increased demand for energy and protein, it could become more competitive in the future. However, of possibly greater importance is the potential use of partial oxidation treatments to improve the biodegradability of organic wastes.
Jurgensen, M.F.; Patton, J.T.
Overcoming the Recalcitrance of Cellulosic Biomass by Value Prior to Pulping: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-221
The Value Prior to Pulping (VPP) project goal was to demonstrate the technical and commercial feasibility of introducing a new value stream into existing pulp and paper mills. Essentially the intent was to transfer the energy content of extracted hemicellulose from electricity and steam generated in the recovery boiler to a liquid transportation fuel. The hemicellulose fraction was extracted prior to pulping, fractionated, or conditioned if necessary, and fermented to ethanol. Commercial adaptation of the process to wood hemicelluloses was a prerequisite for using this less currently valued component available from biomass and wood. These hemicelluloses are predominately glucurono-xylan in hardwoods and galactoglucomannan in softwoods (with a significant softwood component of an arabino-xylan) and will yield fermentation substrates different from cellulose. NREL provided its expertise in the area of fermentation host evaluation using its Zymomonas strains on the CleanTech Partner's (CTP) VPP project. The project was focused on the production of fuel ethanol and acetic acid from hemicellulose streams generated from wood chips of industrially important hardwood and softwood species. NREL was one of four partners whose ethanologen was tested on the hydrolyzed extracts. The use of commercially available enzymes to treat oligomeric sugar extracts was also investigated and coupled with fermentation. Fermentations by NREL were conducted with the Zymomonas mobilis organism with most of the work being performed with the 8b strain. The wood extracts hydrolyzed and/or fermented by NREL were those derived from maple, mixed southern hardwoods, and loblolly pine. An unhydrolyzed variant of the mixed southern hardwood extract possessed a large concentration of oligomeric sugars and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with a number of enzymes, followed by fermentation. The fermentation of the wood extracts was carried out at bench scale in flasks or small bioreactors, with a maximum volume of 500 mL.
Lowell, A.
A device is presented for loading and unloading fuel elements containing material fissionable by neutrons of thermal energy. The device comprises a combination of mechanical features Including a base, a lever pivotally attached to the base, an Indexing plate on the base parallel to the plane of lever rotation and having a plurality of apertures, the apertures being disposed In rows, each aperture having a keyway, an Index pin movably disposed to the plane of lever rotation and having a plurality of apertures, the apertures being disposed in rows, each aperture having a keyway, an index pin movably disposed on the lever normal to the plane rotation, a key on the pin, a sleeve on the lever spaced from and parallel to the index pin, a pair of pulleys and a cable disposed between them, an open collar rotatably attached to the sleeve and linked to one of the pulleys, a pin extending from the collar, and a bearing movably mounted in the sleeve and having at least two longitudinal grooves in the outside surface.
Kock, L.J.
Mechanical Design
The particle beam of the SXR (soft x-ray) beam line in the LCLS (Linac Coherent Light Source) has a high intensity in order to penetrate through samples at the atomic level. However, the intensity is so high that many experiments fail because of severe damage. To correct this issue, attenuators are put into the beam line to reduce this intensity to a level suitable for experimentation. Attenuation is defined as 'the gradual loss in intensity of any flux through a medium' by [1]. It is found that Beryllium and Boron Carbide can survive the intensity of the beam. At very thin films, both of these materials work very well as filters for reducing the beam intensity. Using a total of 12 filters, the first 9 being made of Beryllium and the rest made of Boron Carbide, the beam's energy range of photons can be attenuated between 800 eV and 9000 eV. The design of the filters allows attenuation for different beam intensities so that experiments can obtain different intensities from the beam if desired. The step of attenuation varies, but is relative to the thickness of the filter as a power function of 2. A relationship for this is f(n) = x{sub 0}2{sup n} where n is the step of attenuation desired and x{sub 0} is the initial thickness of the material. To allow for this desired variation, a mechanism must be designed within the test chamber. This is visualized using a 3D computer aided design modeling tool known as Solid Edge.
Physicalism versus quantum mechanics
Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. (Princeton UniversityMind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics, (Springer, Berlin & NewMindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating
Stapp, Henry P; Theoretical Physics Group; Physics Division
High-solids black liquor firing in pulp and paper industry kraft recovery boilers. Quarterly report, Phase 1a: Black liquor gasifier evaluation
This project phase addresses the following workscope: Conduct bench-scale tests of a low temperature, partial combustion gasifier; Prepare a gasifier pilot-plant preliminary design and cost estimate and prepare a budgetary cost estimate of the balance of the program; Outline a test program to evaluate gasification; Prepare an economic/market analysis of gasification and solicit pulp and paper industry support for subsequent phases; and Prepare a final report and conduct a project review prior to commencement of work leading to construction of any pilot scale components or facilities. The primary accomplishments included completion of installation of the bench-scale black liquor gasifier and supporting systems, preparing test plans and related safety procedures and detailed operating procedures, defining the functional design requirements and outlining the test plans for the pilot-scale gasifier, and preparing a preliminary economic assessment of the black liquor gasifier. This work accomplished under Phase 1a during this period is further described by task.
Chemical and biological 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fly ash from combustion of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge
Fly ash was collected from five large-scale or pilot tests in which burning of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge was studied. The content of dioxin-like compounds in this fly ash was estimated both chemically and biologically. Fly ash was analyzed chemically for 17 PCDD and PCDF congeners by high-resolution GC-MS, and the data were transformed to Nordic TCDD equivalents. The biological analyses were based on the induction of several enzymes (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase [AHH], 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase [EROD], aldehyde dehydrogenase-3 [ALDG3]) by the fly ash extracts in a mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1. The inducing potencies were expressed as biological TCDD equivalents. There was a good correlation between the Nordic and the biological TCDD equivalents. Differences in the amounts of dioxin-like compounds among the combustions were attributed mainly to the boiler types and not to fuel characteristics or combustion parameters.
Kopponen, P.; Toerroenen, R. (Univ. of Kuopio (Finland). Dept. of Physiology); Vaelttilae, O.; Talka, E. (Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Inst., Espoo (Finland)); Tarhanen, J.; Ruuskanen, J. (Univ. of Kuopio (Finland). Dept. of Environmental Sciences); Kaerenlampi, S. (Univ. of Kuopio (Finland). Dept. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Single Cell Mechanics BIOMATERIALS
Single Cell Mechanics BIOMATERIALS Our goal is to develop fundamental tools to measure the response of live cells to mechanical stimulation. The mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical forces evaluate the underlying mechanisms of cell mechanics. Objective Impact and Customers ┬Ę Cancer, heart
structures, validation of encapsulant cure stress models, development of frac- ture mechanics tests for use in adhesion studies and understanding the failure mechanism of...
Graduate quantum mechanics reform
We address four main areas in which graduatequantum mechanics education can be improved: course content
L. D. Carr; S. B. McKagan
Mechanism of pressure welding
Thesis. The mechanism in polycrystalline aluminum, copper, silver, and gold was investigated. (19 figures) (DLC)
Mohamed, H.A.E.F.
CARTESIAN MECHANICS* Sophie Roux
1 CARTESIAN MECHANICS* Sophie Roux (Centre Alexandre Koyr├®, EHESS, Paris) Introduction For many the search for a mathematical treatment of phenomena, on the other hand the demand for mechanical as the typical mechanical philosopher, and contrasted as such to the founder of mechanics as a science, namely
Paris-Sud XI, Universit├® de
INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF A CONTINUOUS MEDIUM Lawrence E. Malvern Professor of Mechanics princi- ples common to all branches of solid and fluid mechanics, designed to appeal to the intuition science. The book arose from the need to provide a general preparation in contin- uum mechanics
Kaminski, Edouard
High-solids black liquor firing in pulp and paper industry kraft recovery boilers: Phase 1 -- Final report. Volume 2: Project technical results
This project is a multiple-phase effort to develop technologies to improve high-solids black liquor firing in pulp mill recovery boilers. The principal means to this end is to construct and operate a pilot-scale recovery furnace simulator (RFS) in which these technologies can be tested. The Phase 1 objectives are to prepare a preliminary design for the RFS, delineate a project concept for evaluating candidate technologies, establish industrial partners, and report the results. Phase 1 addressed the objectives with seven tasks: Develop a preliminary design of the RFS; estimate the detailed design and construction costs of the RFS and the balance of the project; identify interested parties in the paper industry and key suppliers; plan the Phase 2 and Phase 3 tests to characterize the RFS; evaluate the economic justification for high-solids firing deployment in the industry; evaluate high-solids black liquor property data to support the RFS design; manage the project and reporting results, which included planning the future program direction.
Southards, W.T.; Clement, J.L.; McIlroy, R.A.; Tharp, M.R.; Verrill, C.L.; Wessell, R.A.
Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining at Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills in the United States, Part A: Background and Assumptions
Commercialization of black liquor and biomass gasification technologies is anticipated in the 2010-2015 time frame, and synthesis gas from gasifiers can be converted into liquid fuels using catalytic synthesis technologies that are already commercially established in the gas-to-liquids or coal-to-liquids industries. This set of two papers describes key results from a major assessment of the prospective energy, environmental, and financial performance of commercial gasification-based biorefineries integrated with kraft pulp and paper mills [1]. Seven detailed biorefinery designs were developed for a reference mill in the southeastern United States, together with the associated mass/energy balances, air emissions estimates, and capital investment requirements. The biorefineries provide chemical recovery services and co-produce process steam for the mill, some electricity, and one of three liquid fuels: a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude oil (which could be refined to vehicle fuels at an existing petroleum refinery), dimethyl ether (a diesel engine fuel or propane substitute), or an ethanol-rich mixed-alcohol product. This paper describes the key assumptions that underlie the biorefinery designs. Part B will present analytical results.
Larson, E. D.; Consonni, S.; Katofsky, R. E.; Iisa, K.; Frederick, W. J., Jr.
NSLS Mechanical Tech
Mechanical Tech Mechanical Tech The Mechanical Technician group is supervised by Robert Scheuerer and consists of Mechanical Technicians with fabrication/machining, assembly, installation, and alignment/surveying skills. This group also serves as an interface to Central Fabrication Services when more complex or larger fabrication efforts are needed. The Mechanical Tech group is responsible for fabricating, installing, aligning, and troubleshooting the mechanical hardware used on NSLS and SDL accelerators, front ends, and User beamlines, often starting solely from Mechanical Design group drawings or CAD files. The Mechanical Tech Group is responsible for the fabrication, assembly and installation of components at the NSLS. These components include all mechanical assemblies and RF cavities. Another part of their job is to
Internal pipe attachment mechanism
An attachment mechanism is described for repairing or extending fluid carrying pipes, casings, conduits, etc. utilizing one-way motion of spring tempered fingers to provide a mechanical connection between the attachment mechanism and the pipe. The spring tempered fingers flex to permit insertion into a pipe to a desired insertion depth. The mechanical connection is accomplished by reversing the insertion motion and the mechanical leverage in the fingers forces them outwardly against the inner wall of the pipe. A seal is generated by crushing a sealing assembly by the action of setting the mechanical connection. 6 figures.
Bast, R.M.; Chesnut, D.A.; Henning, C.D.; Lennon, J.P.; Pastrnak, J.W.; Smith, J.A.
The Department of Mechanical Engineering --Engineering Mechanics
, Missile, Research, Development and Engineering Directorate's Propulsion Iaborato'. Ills primaly areas of research are in numerical combustion, and the thermal and mechanical aging ofnitrate esterpropellants decomposition and combustion. Stabilizers are added to the propellants to neutralize the decomposition products
Endres. William J.
Compliant mechanism learning toolkit
This thesis concerns a toolkit designed to assist in learning the behavior of complaint mechanisms. In the design of complaint mechanisms, increasingly complicated designs behave in ways that are harder to intuitively ...
Allard, Nicholas (Nicholas A.)
QUICK QUANTUM MECHANICS ---Introduction ---
QUICK QUANTUM MECHANICS --- Introduction --- The following notes are intended to be a supplement to your study of Liboff's ``Introductory Quantum Mechanics.'' They are not an alternative! My purpose here of Classical Mechanics After Newton found his equations of motion, physicists knew they would have to wait
Jackson, Andrew D.
A hydraulic servo control mechanism of compact construction and low fluid requirements is described. The mechanism consists of a main hydraulic piston, comprising the drive output, which is connected mechanically for feedback purposes to a servo control piston. A control sleeve having control slots for the system encloses the servo piston, which acts to cover or uncover the slots as a means of controlling the operation of the system. This operation permits only a small amount of fluid to regulate the operation of the mechanism, which, as a result, is compact and relatively light. This mechanism is particuiarly adaptable to the drive and control of control rods in nuclear reactors. (auth)
Hussey, R.B.; Gottsche, M.J. Jr.
Mechanical Seal Assembly
An improved mechanical seal assembly is provided for sealing rotating shafts with respect to their shaft housings, wherein the rotating shafts are subject to substantial axial vibrations. The mechanical seal assembly generally includes a rotating sealing ring fixed to the shaft, a non-rotating sealing ring adjacent to and in close contact with the rotating sealing ring for forming an annular seal about the shaft, and a mechanical diode element that applies a biasing force to the non-rotating sealing ring by means of hemispherical joint. The alignment of the mechanical diode with respect to the sealing rings is maintained by a series of linear bearings positioned axially along a desired length of the mechanical diode. Alternative embodiments include mechanical or hydraulic amplification components for amplifying axial displacement of the non-rotating sealing ring and transferring it to the mechanical diode.
Kotlyar, Oleg M.
Mechanical seal assembly
Kotlyar, Oleg M. (Salt Lake City, UT)
Structures and Mechanical Properties
Mar 7, 2013... Refractory High-entropy Alloy: Chien-Chang Juan1; Jien-Wei Yeh1; ... The main wear mechanism was adhesive wear in deionized water,Ā...
Mechanical Behavior I
Mar 5, 2013... (IMC) is essential for understandingthe mechanical behavior of the ... Reliability and by the SHaRE User Facility, Scientific User FacilitiesĀ...
Mechanical Behavior II
Mar 5, 2013 ... Impact of Cooling Rate on Low Silver Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Interconnect Board Level Mechanical Shock and Thermal Cycling Performance:Ā...
Mechanics of Funding matrix
FUNDING MECHANISMS FUNDING MECHANISMS Funding Mechanism Advantages Disadvantages Comments 1. From Doe to regional organizations * * Facilitates a broad, regional approach to planning and implementation that enhances consistency and uniformity * * Especially beneficial for new programs where early planning is needed * * Simplifies communication for DOE to have only one point of contact for information and discussion * * Cooperative agreement mechanism has proven relatively simple to administer * * Approach would require modification for Tribes * * Would also require that funding be provided to individual States to enable them to participate in the process, since planning authority and responsibility rests with the individual State * * Differs from OCRWM approach to 180(c) funding * * Introduces another layer of
Structural Mechanics & Solid Mechanics A finite element toolbox to MATLAB
Structural Mechanics & Solid Mechanics Department of Mechanics and Materials CALFEM A finite.3 Copyright ┬® 1999 by Structural Mechanics, LTH, Sweden. Printed by JABE Offset, Lund, Sweden. ISRN LUTVDG/TVSM--99/9001--SE (1-265) ISSN 0281-6679 Department of Mechanics and Materials Structural Mechanics #12;The
Ehrhardt, Matthias
Quantum Mechanics Measurements, Mutually
Quantum Mechanics Measurements, Mutually Unbiased Bases and Finite Geometry Or why six is the first) #12;Quantum Mechanics for Dummies Finite dimensional quantum states are represented by trace one,1 -icS1,1[ ] #12;Quantum systems evolve and are measured. The evolution of a quantum system using
Gruner, Daniel S.
Mecanica Clasica (Classical Mechanics)
First Internet undergraduate course on Classical Mechanics in Spanish (Castellano). This is about 80% of the material I covered during the January-June 1999 semester at IFUG in the Mexican city of Leon. English and Romanian versions are in (slow) progress and hopefully will be arXived. For a similar course on Quantum Mechanics, see physics/9808031
Rosu, H C
Mechanical code comparator
A new class of mechanical code comparators is described which have broad potential for application in safety, surety, and security applications. These devices can be implemented as micro-scale electromechanical systems that isolate a secure or otherwise controlled device until an access code is entered. This access code is converted into a series of mechanical inputs to the mechanical code comparator, which compares the access code to a pre-input combination, entered previously into the mechanical code comparator by an operator at the system security control point. These devices provide extremely high levels of robust security. Being totally mechanical in operation, an access control system properly based on such devices cannot be circumvented by software attack alone.
Peter, Frank J. (Albuquerque, NM); Dalton, Larry J. (Bernalillo, NM); Plummer, David W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Rotary mechanical latch
A rotary mechanical latch for positive latching and unlatching of a rotary device with a latchable rotating assembly having a latching gear that can be driven to latched and unlatched states by a drive mechanism such as an electric motor. A cam arm affixed to the latching gear interfaces with leading and trailing latch cams affixed to a flange within the drive mechanism. The interaction of the cam arm with leading and trailing latch cams prevents rotation of the rotating assembly by external forces such as those due to vibration or tampering.
Spletzer, Barry L.; Martinez, Michael A.; Marron, Lisa C.
Is quantum mechanics exact?
We formulate physically motivated axioms for a physical theory which for systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom uniquely lead to quantum mechanics as the only nontrivial consistent theory. Complex numbers and the existence of the Planck constant common to all systems arise naturally in this approach. The axioms are divided into two groups covering kinematics and basic measurement theory, respectively. We show that even if the second group of axioms is dropped, there are no deformations of quantum mechanics which preserve the kinematic axioms. Thus, any theory going beyond quantum mechanics must represent a radical departure from the usual a priori assumptions about the laws of nature.
Kapustin, Anton [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 (United States)] [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 (United States)
Electronic door locking mechanism
The invention is a motorized linkage for engaging a thumb piece in a door mechanism. The device has an exterior lock assembly with a small battery cell and combination lock. Proper entry by a user of a security code allows the battery to operate a small motor within the exterior lock assembly. The small motor manipulates a cam-plunger which moves an actuator pin into a thumb piece. The user applies a force on to the thumb piece. This force is transmitted by the thumb piece to a latch engagement mechanism by the actuator pin. The latch engagement mechanism operates the door latch.
Williams, Gary Lin (428 E. Third Ave., Kennewick, WA 99336); Kirby, Patrick Gerald (1010 W. Fifteenth Pl., Kennewick, WA 99337)
The invention is a motorized linkage for engaging a thumb piece in a door mechanism. The device has an exterior lock assembly with a small battery cell and combination lock. Proper entry by a user of a security code allows the battery to operate a small motor within the exterior lock assembly. The small motor manipulates a cam-plunger which moves an actuator pin into a thumb piece. The user applies a force on to the thumb piece. This force is transmitted by the thumb piece to a latch engagement mechanism by the actuator pin. The latch engagement mechanism operates the door latch. 6 figs.
Williams, G.L.; Kirby, P.G.
Quantum Mechanics Without Observers
The measurement problem and the role of observers have plagued quantum mechanics since its conception. Attempts to resolve these have introduced anthropomorphic or non-realist notions into physics. A shift of perspective based upon process theory and utilizing methods from combinatorial games, interpolation theory and complex systems theory results in a novel realist version of quantum mechanics incorporating quasi-local, nondeterministic hidden variables that are compatible with the no-hidden variable theorems and relativistic invariance, and reproduce the standard results of quantum mechanics to a high degree of accuracy without invoking observers.
W. H. Sulis
Conservative-Bayesian Mechanisms
We put forward a new class of mechanisms. In this extended abstract, we exemplify our approach only for single-good auctions in what we call a conservative-Bayesian setting. (Essentially, no common-knowledge about the ...
Azar, Pablo
Mechanical Testing of Plastics
Table 7┬Ā┬Ā┬ĀASTM and ISO mechanical test standards for plastics...by pendulum method D 1938 6383-1 Tear propagation resistance of plastic film and thin
Counter Current Multiplier Mechanism
Counter Current Multiplier Mechanism Counter Current Multiplier Mechanism Name: Stephen Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Can you please explain to me the counter-current multiplier mechanism. I understand that cholride and sodium ions are filtered out of the ascending loop of Henle into the interstial fluid, however, I'm not sure exactly what happens from there and how this effects osmotic pressure gradients in the nephron. Any help would be greatly appriciated. Replies: This mechanism is very complex when it comes to writing a response. You have to have a strong background in osmotic pressure understanding and the anatomy of the kidney. It involves the cortex, outer and inner medula in relationship to the vasa recta, interstitial fluids at two points, the loop of Henle and the collecting duct. The size of the tubes and the position in relations to the cortex and medulla is an essential part. I can suggest some references.
A quick-releasing mechanism is described which may be used to rapidiy drop a device supported from beneath during normal use, such as a safety rod in a nuclear reactor. In accordance with this invention an electrical control signal, such as may be provided by radiation detection or other alarm condition sensing devices, is delivered to an electromagnetic solenoid, the armature of which is coupled to an actuating mechanism. The solenoid is energized when the mechanism is in its upper or cocked position. In such position, the mechanism engages a plurality of retaining balls, forcing them outward into engagement with a shoulder or recess in a corresponding section of a tubular extension on the upheld device. When the control signal to the solenoid suddenly ceases, the armature drops out, allowing the actuating mechanism to move slightly but rapidly under the force of a compressed spring. The weight of the device will urge the balls inward against a beveled portion of the actuating mechanism and away from the engaging section on the tubular extension, thus allowing the upheld device to fall freely under the influence of gravity.
Lane, J.A.; Engberg, R.E.; Welch, J.M.
Pulp Mill EPI | ENERGY STAR
Federal agency resources Grocery & convenience stores resources Healthcare resources Higher education resources Home-based business resources Hospitality resources Industrial...
Jar mechanism energizer
An energizer for use with a jar mechanism incorporated on inner and outer bodies in a well string to assist the jar mechanism in delivering an upward jar to the well string includes longitudinally spaced seal means between the inner and outer bodies forming a chamber for receiving a compressible medium therein. A differential area formed on one of the bodies within the compressible medium chamber compresses a compressible medium in the chamber as the well string is lowered to position the inner and outer bodies so that the jar mechanism is actuated to restrain relative longitudinal movement between the inner and outer bodies to an extended position whereby a pull force may be developed in the well string in one of the bodies. The differential area is responsive to the compressed gas in the chamber to assist the jar mechanism in applying an upward jarring force when the jar mechanism, in response to a predetermined pull force in the well string, releases the bodies for contact to apply an upward force to the well string.
Webb, D. D.; Anderson, E. A.
Jar mechanism accelerator
This patent describes an accelerator for use with a jar mechanism in a well pipe string to enhance the jarring impact delivered to a stuck object wherein the jar mechanism includes inner and outer members for connection, respectively, between the well pipe string the stuck object. The jar mechanism members are constructed to (1) restrict relative longitudinal movement therebetween to build up energy in the well pipe string and accelerator and then (2) to release the jar mechanism members for unrestrained, free relative longitudinal movement therebetween to engage jarring surfaces on the jar mechanism members for delivering a jarring impact to the stuck object. The accelerator includes: inner and outer telescopically connected members relatively movable longitudinally to accumulate energy in the accelerator; the inner and outer accelerator members each having means for connecting the accelerator in the well pipe string; means associated with the inner and outer members for initially accomodating a predetermined minimum length of unrestrained, free relative longitudinal movement between the inner and outer accelerator members.
Anderson, E.A.; Webb, D.D.
1. L. 1. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, third edition (McGraw-two-dimensional quantum mechanics problem vith a potential,Theory Methods to Statistical Mechanics Chapter I The Use of
Samuel, S.A.
Breakthrough in fracture mechanics
Fracture mechanics, the science of calculating material characteristics, stress, and flaws in plant equipment to evaluate structural integrity, usually spares the owners of nuclear power plants unnecessary expense. Instead of replacing equipment prematurely or waiting for costly, unscheduled materials failures that can take months to repair and cost thousands of dollars a day for replacement power, utilities use fracture mechanics techniques to carefully consider their options. If analyses show repair is unnecessary, plant operation can confidently be resumed. If repair is required, it can either be done immediately or, if deferrable, be scheduled for a later, more convenient outage.
Lihach, N.
Experimental unsaturated soil mechanics
In this general report, experimental systems and procedures of investigating the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils are presented. The water retention properties of unsaturated soils are commented and linked to various physical parameters and properties of the soils. Techniques of controlling suction are described together with their adaptation in various laboratory testing devices. Some typical features of the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils are presented within an elasto-plastic framework. An attempt to describe the numerous and significant recent advances in the investigation of the behaviour of unsaturated soils, including the contributions to this Conference, is proposed.
Delage, Pierre
Quantum Mechanics and Black Holes
This paper discusses the existence of black holes from the foundations of quantum mechanics. It is found that quantum mechanics rule out a possible gravitational collapse.
Jose N. Pecina-Cruz
the Chair Advanced Power Systems Research Group Engineering Education Innovation Research Group Mechanics of MultiScale Materials Research Group MultiScale Systems and Sensors Research Group Space Systems Research Group Sustainable Manufacturing and Design Research Group Faculty Profiles Michigan
MECHANICAL TEST LAB CAPABILITIES ┬Ę Static and cyclic testing (ASTM and non-standard) ┬Ę Impact drop testing ┬Ę Slow-cycle fatigue testing ┬Ę High temperature testing to 2500┬░F ┬Ę ASTM/ Boeing/ SACMA standard testing ┬Ę Ability to design and fabricate non-standard test fixtures and perform non-standard tests
Fractals and quantum mechanics
A new application of a fractal concept to quantum physics has been developed. The fractional path integrals over the paths of the Lķvy flights are defined. It is shown that if fractality of the Brownian trajectories leads to standard quantum mechanics
Nick Laskin
Higgs Mechanism for Gravitons
Just like the vector gauge bosons in the gauge theories, it is now known that gravitons acquire mass in the process of spontaneous symmetry breaking of diffeomorphisms through the condensation of scalar fields. The point is that we should find the gravitational Higgs mechanism such that it results in massive gravity in a flat Minkowski space-time without non-unitary propagating modes. This is usually achieved by including higher-derivative terms in scalars and tuning the cosmological constant to be a negative value in a proper way. Recently, a similar but different gravitational Higgs mechanism has been advocated by Chamseddine and Mukhanov where one can relax the negative cosmological constant to zero or positive one. In this work, we investigate why the non-unitary ghost mode decouples from physical Hilbert space in a general space-time dimension. Moreover, we generalize the model to possess an arbitrary potential and clarify under what conditions the general model exhibits the gravitational Higgs mechanism. By searching for solutions to the conditions, we arrive at two classes of potentials exhibiting gravitational Higgs mechanism. One class includes the model by Chamseddine and Mukhanov in a specific case while the other is completely a new model.
Ichiro Oda
Hanford Atomic Production Operation specification guides and standards for plumbing, chemical ngineering, mechanical engineering, sanitary engineering, exhaust systems, steam engineering, stainless steel, dry boxes, thermal insulation, filtration, and materials testing are presented. Details of this manual are given in TID-4100 (Suppl.). (N.W.R.)
Fundamental Interaction Mechanisms of Engineered ...
Fundamental Interaction Mechanisms of Engineered Nanomaterials with DNA. Summary: We utilized isotope-dilution liquid ...
Measurement of Mechanical and Electrical
Measurement of Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Ultra-thin Insulating Films. NIST Nanomechanical Properties Group ...
Understanding Bohmian mechanics: A dialogue
This paper is an introduction to the ideas of Bohmian mechanics, an interpretation of quantum mechanics in which the observer plays no fundamental role. Bohmian mechanics describes, instead of probabilities of measurement results, objective microscopic events. In recent years, Bohmian mechanics has attracted increasing attention by researchers. The form of a dialogue allows me to address questions about the Bohmian view that often arise.
Roderich Tumulka
Bohmian Mechanics Detlef Durr1
Bohmian Mechanics Detlef D┬©urr1 , Sheldon Goldstein2 , Roderich Tumulka3 , and Nino Zangh`i4, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com #12;Bohmian mechanics is a theory mechanics, observers see the same statistics for experimental results as predicted by quantum mechanics
Goldstein, Sheldon
Mechanical Operations and Maintenance
Holiday Work Status Holiday Work Status Mechanical Operations & Maintenance Group APS Storage Ring Magnets The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at the Argonne National Laboratory is a national synchrotron-radiation research facility funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Using high-brilliance x-ray beams from the APS, an international community of scientists conducts forefront basic and applied research in the fields of material science, biological science, physics, chemistry, environmental, geophysical and planetary science. The 1.1-km circumference APS facility consists of several major subsystems including magnets, vacuum chambers, radio-frequency cavities, diagnostics instrumentation, x-ray absorbers and apertures, and cooling water subsystems. Each of these subsystems contains hundreds of mechanical
A reactor control mechanism is described wherein the control is achieved by the partial or total withdrawal of the fissile material which is in the form of a fuel rod. The fuel rod is designed to be raised and lowered from the reactor core area by means of two concentric ball nut and screw assemblies that may telescope one within the other. These screw mechanisms are connected through a magnetic clutch to a speed reduction gear and an accurately controllable prime motive source. With the clutch energized, the fuel rod may be moved into the reactor core area, and fine adjustments may be made through the reduction gearing. However, in the event of a power failure or an emergency signal, the magnetic clutch will become deenergized, and the fuel rod will drop out of the core area by the force of gravity, thus shutting down the operation of the reactor.
Glass, J.A.F.
Testing quantum mechanics
As experiments continue to push the quantum-classical boundary to include increasingly complex dynamical systems, the interpretation of experimental data becomes more and more challenging: when the observations are noisy, indirect, and limited, how can we be sure that we are observing quantum behavior? This tutorial highlights some of the difficulties in such experimental tests of quantum mechanics, using optomechanics as the central example, and discusses how the issues can be resolved using techniques from statistics and insights from quantum information theory.
Mankei Tsang
Mechanical Compression Heat Pumps
Mechanical compression heat pumping is not new in industrial applications. In fact, industry history suggests that the theoretical concept was developed before 1825. Heat pump manufacturers gained the support of consultants and end-users when the energy crisis hit this country in 1973. That interest, today, has been dampened because there is a current abundance of the basic sources of industrial energy (namely oil and natural gas). Meanwhile, Mycom used the window of the current opportunities to develop, design and test compressors built to meet the needs of the mechanically demanding industrial heat pump applications which often require high compression ratios and temperatures in excess of 200 degrees F. This paper will review the theoretical foundation for heat pumps and present the mechanical and thermal requirements of the compressors which constitute the heart and soul of the system. It will also provide a quick survey of the available types of compressors for heat pumping and some of the industrial processes where simultaneous heating and cooling proceed along parallel demand paths. The case history will examine the system flexibility and the economic advantages realized in a barley malting process.
Apaloo, T. L.; Kawamura, K.; Matsuda, J.
Our principal objective has centered on the development of sophisticated computational techniques to solve the time-dependent Schroedinger equation that governs the evolution of quantum mechanical systems. We have perfected two complementary methods, discrete variable representation and real space product formula, that show great promise in solving these complicated temporal problems. We have applied these methods to the interaction of laser light with molecules with the intent of not only investigating the basic mechanisms but also devising schemes for actually controlling the outcome of microscopic processes. Lasers now exist that produce pulses of such short duration as to probe a molecular process many times within its characteristic period--allowing the actual observation of an evolving quantum mechanical system. We have studied the potassium dimer as an example and found agreement with experimental changes in the intermediate state populations as a function of laser frequency--a simple control prescription. We have also employed elaborate quantum chemistry programs to improve the accuracy of basic input such as bound-bound and bound-free coupling moments. These techniques have far-ranging applicability; for example, to trapped quantum systems at very low temperatures such as Bose-Einstein condensates.
Drill drive mechanism
A drill drive mechanism is especially adapted to provide both rotational drive and axial feed for a drill of substantial diameter such as may be used for drilling holes for roof bolts in mine shafts. The drill shaft is made with a helical pattern of scroll-like projections on its surface for removal of cuttings. The drill drive mechanism includes a plurality of sprockets carrying two chains of drive links which are arranged to interlock around the drill shaft with each drive link having depressions which mate with the scroll-like projections. As the chain links move upwardly or downwardly the surfaces of the depressions in the links mate with the scroll projections to move the shaft axially. Tangs on the drive links mate with notch surfaces between scroll projections to provide a means for rotating the shaft. Projections on the drive links mate together at the center to hold the drive links tightly around the drill shaft. The entire chain drive mechanism is rotated around the drill shaft axis by means of a hydraulic motor and gear drive to cause rotation of the drill shaft. This gear drive also connects with a differential gearset which is interconnected with a second gear. A second motor is connected to the spider shaft of the differential gearset to produce differential movement (speeds) at the output gears of the differential gearset. This differential in speed is utilized to drive said second gear at a speed different from the speed of said gear drive, this speed differential being utilized to drive said sprockets for axial movement of said drill shaft.
Dressel, Michael O. (Englewood, CO)
Mechanical Systems Qualification Standard
61-2008 61-2008 June 2008 DOE STANDARD MECHANICAL SYSTEMS QUALIFICATION STANDARD DOE Defense Nuclear Facilities Technical Personnel U.S. Department of Energy AREA TRNG Washington, D.C. 20585 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DOE-STD-1161-2008 ii This document is available on the Department of Energy Technical Standards Program Web Site at http://www.hss.energy.gov/nuclearsafety/techstds/ DOE-STD-1161-2008 iv INTENTIONALLY BLANK DOE-STD-1161-2008 v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................................ vii PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................1
Essays on dynamic sales mechanisms
This thesis is a collection of three essays on dynamic sales mechanisms. The first chapter analyzes the Name Your Own Price (NYOP) mechanism adopted by Priceline.com. Priceline.com, a website helping travelers obtain ...
Chen, Chia-Hui, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tensor analysis of spatial mechanisms
The position analysis of a general four-bar spatial mechanism is developed using tensor notation and operations. To exemplify the convenience of tensors in kinematic analysis the solution is obtained for a mechanism containing two revolute pairs of links ...
C. Y. Ho
On Randomness in Quantum Mechanics
The quantum mechanical probability densities are compared with the probability densities treated by the theory of random variables. The relevance of their difference for the interpretation of quantum mechanics is commented.
Alberto C. de la Torre
Security Components and Mechanisms Group
Security Components and Mechanisms Group. Welcome. ... A security checklist is a document that contains instructions for securely configuring ģ ...
Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee
The Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee is part of the Structural Materials Division. Our Mission: Covers relationships between microstructure and
Mechanical Behavior at Nanoscale I
Jul 31, 2011 ... -Deformation mechanisms of nano structures including nanocrystalline, nano- twinned, nanowires, nano-laminates, and nano-pillars.
Ideas By Statistical Mechanics (ISM)
Ideas by Statistical Mechanics (ISM) is a generic program to model evolution and propagation of ideas/patterns throughout populations subjected to endogenous and exogenous interactions. The program is based on the author's work in Statistical Mechanics ... Keywords: neocortical interactions, risk management, simulated annealing, statistical mechanics
Lester Ingber
SOLID MECHANICS James R. Rice
1 SOLID MECHANICS James R. Rice School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth: February 2010 Downloadable at: http://esag.harvard.edu/rice/e0_Solid_Mechanics_94_10.pdf TABLE OF CONTENTS provided on last three pages, pp. 87-89 INTRODUCTION The application of the principles of mechanics to bulk
Mechanics of Peridynamic Membranes
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
JBAidun AdvMatSci090831 JBAidun AdvMatSci090831 1 Accurate Prediction of Dynamic Fracture with Peridynamics John B. Aidun & Stewart A. Silling Multiscale Dynamic Material Modeling Sandia National Laboratories Prague, Czech Republic August 30 - September 3, 2009 Joint U.S.-Russian Conference on Advances in Materials Science SAND2009-5095C Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. JBAidun AdvMatSci090831 2 Fracture Mechanics Theory and Dynamic Fracture * Onset of crack growth can be accurately predicted * Crack growth speed and direction cannot! Wanted: A successful method for simulating Dynamic Fracture * Such a method must be able to reproduce the
Rotary drive mechanism
This patent describes a rotary drive mechanism which includes a rotary solenoid having a stator and multi-poled rotor. A moving member rotates with the rotor and is biased by a biasing device. The biasing device causes a further rotational movement after rotation by the rotary solenoid. Thus, energization of the rotary solenoid moves the member in one direction to one position and biases the biasing device against the member. Subsequently, de- energization of the rotary solenoid causes the biasing device to move the member in the same direction to another position from where the moving member is again movable by energization and de-energization of the rotary solenoid. Preferably, the moving member is a multi-lobed cam having the same number of lobes as the rotor has poles. An anti- overdrive device is also preferably provided for preventing overdrive in the forward direction or a reverse rotation of the moving member and for precisely aligning the moving member.
Kenderdine, E.W.
A rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary solenoid having a stator and multi-poled rotor. A moving member rotates with the rotor and is biased by a biasing device. The biasing device causes a further rotational movement after rotation by the rotary solenoid. Thus, energization of the rotary solenoid moves the member in one direction to one position and biases the biasing device against the member. Subsequently, de-energization of the rotary solenoid causes the biasing device to move the member in the same direction to another position from where the moving member is again movable by energization and de-energization of the rotary solenoid. Preferably, the moving member is a multi-lobed cam having the same number of lobes as the rotor has poles. An anti-overdrive device is also preferably provided for preventing overdrive in the forward direction or a reverse rotation of the moving member and for precisely aligning the moving member.
Kenderdine, Eugene W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Mechanically expandable annular seal
A mechanically expandable annular reusable seal assembly to form an annular hermetic barrier between two stationary, parallel, and planar containment surfaces. A rotatable ring, attached to the first surface, has ring wedges resembling the saw-tooth array of a hole saw. Matching seal wedges are slidably attached to the ring wedges and have their motion restricted to be perpendicular to the second surface. Each seal wedge has a face parallel to the second surface. An annular elastomer seal has a central annular region attached to the seal wedges' parallel faces and has its inner and outer circumferences attached to the first surface. A rotation of the ring extends the elastomer seal's central region perpendicularly towards the second surface to create the fluidtight barrier. A counterrotation removes the barrier.
Gilmore, Richard F. (Kennewick, WA)
A mechanically expandable annular reusable seal assembly to form an annular hermetic barrier between two stationary, parallel, and planar containment surfaces is described. A rotatable ring, attached to the first surface, has ring wedges resembling the saw-tooth array of a hole saw. Matching seal wedges are slidably attached to the ring wedges and have their motion restricted to be perpendicular to the second surface. Each seal wedge has a face parallel to the second surface. An annular elastomer seal has a central annular region attached to the seal wedges' parallel faces and has its inner and outer circumferences attached to the first surface. A rotation of the ring extends the elastomer seal's central region perpendicularly towards the second surface to create the fluid tight barrier. A counter rotation removes the barrier. 6 figs.
Gilmore, R.F.
Mechanical well jar
This patent describes a mechanical well jar having inner and outer tubular members movable longitudinally relative to each other a limited distance. Means for connecting one of the members to a pipe string extends above the jar. Means connect the other member to the pipe string below the jar. Annular shoulders on the members engage to limit the relative longitudinal movement of the members. The improvement comprises: laterally spaced, arcuate cam plates each attached to the inner surface of the outer member by threaded members that extend through the wall of the outer member and that can be removed from outside the outer member to allow the cam plates to be removed and repaired or replaced.
Burton, C.A.
Entanglement Exchange and Bohmian Mechanics
This paper analyses the phenomenon of entanglement exchange in Bohm's pilot wave interpretation of quantum mechanics. The interesting feature of the phenomenon is that systems become entangled without causal interaction; hence it is a useful situation for investigating the unique nature of interaction in Bohmian mechanics. The first two sections introduce, respectively, entanglement exchange in the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, and the basic principles of Bohmian mechanics. The next section shows that the Bohmian interpretation makes the same experimental predictions about entanglement exchange as the standard one. The final section draws some conclusions about interactions and entanglement in Bohmian mechanics.
Nick Huggett; Tiziana Vistarini
N=8 superconformal mechanics
We construct new models of N=8 superconformal mechanics associated with the off-shell N=8, d=1 supermultiplets (3,8,5) and (5,8,3). These two multiplets are derived as N=8 Goldstone superfields and correspond to nonlinear realizations of the N=8, d=1 superconformal group OSp(4^*|4) in its supercosets OSp(4^*|4)/U(1)_R x SO(5) and OSp(4^*|4)/SU(2)_R x SO(4), respectively. The irreducibility constraints for these superfields automatically follow from appropriate superconformal covariant conditions on the Cartan superforms. The N=8 superconformal transformations of the superspace coordinates and the Goldstone superfields are explicitly given. Interestingly, each N=8 supermultiplet admits two different off-shell N=4 decompositions, with different N=4 superconformal subgroups SU(1,1|2) and OSp(4^*|2) of OSp(4^*|4) being manifest as superconformal symmetries of the corresponding N=4, d=1 superspaces. We present the actions for all such N=4 splittings of the N=8 multiplets considered.
S. Bellucci; E. Ivanov; S. Krivonos; O. Lechtenfeld
Relativistic mechanism of superconductivity
According to the theory of relativity, the relativistic Coulomb's force between an electron pair is composed of two parts, the main part is repulsive, while the rest part can be attractive in certain situations. Thus the relativistic attraction of an electron pair provides an insight into the mechanism of superconductivity. In superconductor, there are, probably at least, two kinds of collective motions which can eliminate the repulsion between two electrons and let the attraction being dominant, the first is the combination of lattice and electron gas, accounting for traditional superconductivity; the second is the electron gas themselves, accounting for high $T_c$ superconductivity. In usual materials, there is a good balance between the repulsion and attraction of an electron pair, the electrons are regarded as free electrons so that Fermi gas theory plays very well. But in some materials, when the repulsion dominates electron pairs, the electron gas will has a behavior opposite to superconductivity. In the present paper the superconducting states are discussed in terms of relativistic quantum theory in details, some significant results are obtained including quantized magnetic flux, London equation, Meissner effect and Josephson effect.
H. Y. Cui
Nanomaterials: Mechanics and Mechanisms (2008), by K.T. Ramesh
Mar 10, 2010 ... At nanoscale, matters show distinctly different behaviors from their bulk materials, from mechanical properties to physical and chemicalĀ...
Wave Mechanics without Probability
The behavior of monochromatic electromagnetic waves in stationary media is shown to be ruled by a frequency dependent function, which we call Wave Potential, encoded in the structure of the Helmholtz equation. Contrary to the common belief that the very concept of "ray trajectory" is reserved to the eikonal approximation, a general and exact ray-based Hamiltonian treatment, reducing to the eikonal approximation in the absence of Wave Potential, shows that its presence induces a mutual, perpendicular ray-coupling, which is the one and only cause of any typically wave-like phenomenon, such as diffraction and interference. Recalling, then, that the time-independent Schroedinger and Klein-Gordon equations (associating stationary "matter waves" to mono-energetic particles) are themselves Helmholtz-like equations, the exact, ray-based treatment developed for classical electromagnetic waves is extended - without resorting to statistical concepts - to the exact, trajectory-based Hamiltonian dynamics of mono-energetic point-like particles, both in the non-relativistic and in the relativistic case. The trajectories turn out to be perpendicularly coupled, once more, by an exact, stationary, energy-dependent Wave Potential, coinciding in the form, but not in the physical meaning, with the statistical, time-varying, energy-independent "Quantum Potential" of Bohm's theory, which views particles, just like the standard Copenhagen interpretation, as traveling wave-packets. These results, together with the connection which is shown to exist between Wave Potential and Uncertainty Principle, suggest a novel, non-probabilistic interpretation of Wave Mechanics.
Adriano Orefice; Raffaele Giovanelli; Domenico Ditto
A statistical mechanical curiosity
Unlike most other laws of nature, the second law of thermodynamics is according to Boltzmann statistical in nature, meaning that its reliability arises from the vast number of particles present in macroscopic systems. This means that such systems will lead towards their most likely state, that is, the one with the most homogeneous probability distribution. But Boltzmann states that entropy decreasing processes can occur (without doing any work), it is just very improbable. It is therefore not impossible, in principle, for all 6 x 10^23 atoms in a mole of a gas to spontaneously move to one half of a container; it is only fantastically unlikely. A similar idea has been applied on a human cell. All somatic cells seem to age and deteriorate in unfavorable conditions. If the aging process is defined as the accumulation of dysfunctional polymers resulting from among other things chemical bond breakage, where polymers aggregate into harmful arrangements, spreading randomly out in the cell, leading to an altered function, then it also applies that there will be a difference in entropy between an individual of, say, 20 years, and the same individual 80 years old. The goal of this article is to demonstrate that the second law does not tell us that the cell necessarily must go toward a high entropy state and stay that way, but that it is possible according to statistical mechanics for an old cell to experience a return to a younger state. We find the probability of this spontaneous return to a more ordered state to be expressed by P = 10^(-202)^(-889). In spite of this number, it does show that a reversal of the aging process is not prohibited by nature. There is a theoretical possibility of rejuvenation. Whether this will ever become a practical reality is another matter.
Ian von Hegner
Mechanical drill string jar
An improved mechanical drill string jar is described that allows uninhibited telescoping movement to the normal drilling condition. The drill string jar consists of: (a) an elongated, generally cylindrical, body usable as a drill string element; (b) axial motion resistance means situated in the annular opening; (c) bias means operatively associated with at least one element of the splined pair to rotate the pair out of alignment when the splined pair is rotationally disengaged; (d) opposed cooperating surfaces on at least two of the spline teeth situated such that forced axial relative motion of the splined pair will produce opposed radial forces on the teeth; (e) means intrinsic to at least one element of the splined pair to permit resisted radial displacement of the spline teeth when forced axial relative motion occurs, to permit one element to move axially through the other; (f) cam surfaces on at least one of the teeth situated to force rotational alignment of the splined pair when telescoping movement is from a jarring condition toward the normal drilling condition; (g) relative rotation resistance means situated in the annular opening, structurally engaged with the pair of telescoping members such that relative rotation therebetween will be resisted; (h) striker and anvil means situated in the annular opening, operatively associated with the telescoping pair of elements, such that axial relative movement therebetween will be solidly stopped at the axial extreme condition; (i) a flow-through fluid channel means extending between the means to attach to the continuing drill string; and (j) seal means situated in the annular opening, operatively associated with the telescoping pair of members, to provide fluid tightness therebetween.
Buck, D.A.
Quantum chaos in elementary quantum mechanics
chaos in elementary quantum mechanics so-called integrableIntroduction to Quantum Mechanics (Englewoods Cliff, NJ:Lifshitz E M 1977 Quantum Mechanics (New York: Pergamon) [
Dabaghian, Yuri A; Jensen, R
129 Lecture Notes Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
129 Lecture Notes Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 1 Need for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics's equation of motion in mechanics. The initial condtions to solve the Newton's equation of motion
Murayama, Hitoshi
Modeling the Mechanics of the Cytoskeleton
Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t contribute to the networkÆs mechanics have been removed.R.D. Kamm, Cytoskeletal Mechanics, models and measurements,
Bai, Mo
E. Hoge and Joseph A. Pask, "Thermodynamics of So:!.id StateJoseph A. Pask, "Thermodynamics and Geometric Considerations8419 r- ,y / ( /)~; - - I THERMODYNAMICS AND MECHANISMS OF
Pask, J.A.
Mechanical Behavior - Programmaster.org
Oct 20, 2011 ... Ceramic Matrix Composites: Mechanical Behavior ... such as leading edges and combustor liners, are subjected to simultaneous thermal andĀ...
PNNL: Doing Business - Contracting Mechanisms
Contracting Mechanisms for Work with PNNL Does your small business need expert advice on a technical problem? Does your university research project require state-of-the-art...
Mechanical Properties of Thermoelectric Materials
Room Temperature Mechanical Properties of Natural Mineral Based Thermoelectrics: Xiaofeng Fan1; Eldon Case1; Xu Lu1; Donald Morelli1; 1 Michigan StateĀ...
Geometric Mechanics -Part I January 13, 2009
Geometric Mechanics - Part I Bob Rink January 13, 2009 Contents 1 Mechanical systems 4 1.1 Two Lagrangian mechanics 9 2.1 New position variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Lagrange equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 Natural mechanical systems
Hanssmann, Heinz
Geometric Mechanics -Part I January 23, 2009
Geometric Mechanics - Part I Bob Rink January 23, 2009 Contents 1 Mechanical systems 4 1.1 Two Lagrangian mechanics 9 2.1 New position variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Lagrange equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 Natural mechanical systems
Rink, Bob
Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory Columbia University
Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory Peter Woit Columbia University Texas Tech, November 21 2013 Peter Woit (Columbia University) Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory November 2013 1 / 30 #12;Does Anyone Understand Quantum Mechanics? "No One Understands Quantum Mechanics" "I think
Woit, Peter
Microstructure Components and Mechanical Properties of an ...
Effects of Microstructural and Mechanical Length Scales on Fatigue Crack ... Components and Mechanical Properties of an Acicular Ferrite Pipeline Steel.
Quantum mechanics as "space-time statistical mechanics"?
In this paper we discuss and analyse the idea of trying to see (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics as a ``space-time statistical mechanics'', by using the classical statistical mechanical method on objective microscopic space-time configurations. It is argued that this could perhaps be accomplished by giving up the assumption that the objective ``state'' of a system is independent of a future measurement performed on the system. This idea is then applied in an example of quantum state estimation on a qubit system.
Anders MÕnsson
Preliminary analysis of the state of the art of robotics and precision engineering and evaluation of potential for improved energy utilization in the pulp, paper, and related energy-consuming processes. Final report
This study was undertaken to conduct a preliminary analysis of the state of the art of two technologies, robotics and precision engineering, and to evaluate their potential for improved energy utilization in the pulp, paper, and related energy consuming processes. Activity in the robotics field is growing rapidly, most activity being related to the development of smart robots rather than to systems. There is a broad base of support, both in industry and the universities, for upgrading robot machine capabilities. A large part of that support is associated with visualization and tactile sensors which facilitate assembly, placement, inspection, and tracking. Progress in this area is relatively rapid and development times are short for specifically engineered applications. The critical path in the development of robotic systems lies in the generation of reliable sensor signals. Robotic systems require a broad spectrum of sensors from which hierarchical logic systems can draw decision making information. This requirement resulted in the establishment of a program at the National Bureau of Standards which is attempting to develop a spectrum of sensor capabilities. Such sensors are applicable to robotic system automatic process control in a variety of energy-intensive industries. Precision engineering is defined as the generation or manufacture of components wherein geometry, dimension, and surface finish are controlled to within several hundred Angstroms in single point turning operations. Investigation into the state of the art of precision engineering in the United States finds that this capability exists in several national laboratories and is intended to be used exclusively for the development of weapons. There is an attempt at the present time by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to expand its capability into industry. Several corporations are now beginning to develop equipment to support the precision engineering field.
Mechanical Behavior of Indium Nanostructures
Mechanical Behavior of Indium Nanostructures Print Mechanical Behavior of Indium Nanostructures Print Indium is a key material in lead-free solder applications for microelectronics due to its excellent wetting properties, extended ductility, and high electrical conductivity. With the size of electronic devices continuing to shrink and the promise of indium-based nanotechnologies, it is important to develop a fundamental understanding of this material's small-scale mechanical properties and reliability. Researchers from the University of Waterloo, California Institute of Technology, and Los Alamos National Laboratory have collaborated with a team at ALS Beamline 12.3.2 to investigate the small-scale mechanics of indium nanostructures. Scanning x-ray microdiffraction (╬╝SXRD) studies revealed that the indium microstructure is typical of a well-annealed metal, containing very few initial dislocations and showing close-to-theoretical strength.
Mechanical properties of nanophase materials
It has become possible in recent years to synthesize new materials under controlled conditions with constituent structures on a nanometer size scale (below 100 nm). These novel nanophase materials have grain-size dependent mechanical properties significantly different than those of their coarser-grained counterparts. For example, nanophase metals are much stronger and apparently less ductile than conventional metals, while nanophase ceramics are more ductile and more easily formed than conventional ceramics. The observed mechanical property changes are related to grain size limitations and/or the large percentage of atoms in grain boundary environments; they can also be affected by such features as flaw populations, strains and impurity levels that can result from differing synthesis and processing methods. An overview of what is presently known about the mechanical properties of nanophase materials, including both metals and ceramics, is presented. Some possible atomic mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior in these materials are considered in light of their unique structures.
Siegel, R.W. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Fougere, G.E. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Free will and quantum mechanics
A simple example is provided showing that violation of free will allows to reproduce the quantum mechanical predictions, and that the Clauser-Horne parameter can take the maximum value 4 for a proper choice.
Antonio Di Lorenzo
Mechanisms of Banner Cloud Formation
Banner clouds are clouds in the lee of steep mountains or sharp ridges. Their formation has previously been hypothesized as due to three different mechanisms: (i) vertical uplift in a lee vortex (which has a horizontal axis), (ii) adiabatic ...
Matthias Voigt; Volkmar Wirth
Alloy by Double Mechanical Milling
The results show that the morphology of double mechanical milling powder is regular and the TiAl phase and Ti3Al phase were observed in the powders.
Dislocations and Mechanical Properties - TMS
... 3.11 The Herring-Galt Experiment; 3.12 Multiplication Mechanisms of Dislocations; 3.13 The Frank-Read Double Mill ("Dislocation Source") and the BulgeĀ...
The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
In this paper, we demonstrate how the interpretation of quantum mechanics due to Land\\'e resolves the Schr\\"odinger cat paradox and disposes of the problem of wave function collapse.
H. V. Mweene
Hyper-Hamiltonian quantum mechanics
We present a modification of quantum mechanics with a *possible worlds* semantics. It is shown that `gauge' degrees of freedom along possible worlds can be used to encode gravitational information.
Vladimir Trifonov
Quantum mechanics needs no interpretation
Probabilistic description of results of measurements and its consequences for understanding quantum mechanics are discussed. It is shown that the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics like the probability amplitude, Born rule, probability density current, commutation relations, momentum operator, uncertainty relations, rules for including the scalar and vector potentials and existence of antiparticles can be derived from the definition of the mean values of the space coordinates and time. Equations of motion of quantum mechanics, the Klein-Gordon equation, Schroedinger equation and Dirac equation are obtained from requirement of the relativistic invariance of the theory. Limit case of localized probability densities leads to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of classical mechanics. Many particle systems are also discussed.
L. Skala; V. Kapsa
Mechanical drive for blood pump
This patent relates to a highly efficient blood pump to be used as a replacement for a ventricle of the human heart to restore people disabled by heart disease. The mechanical drive of the present invention is designed to operate in conjunction with a thermoelectric converter power source. The mechanical drive system essentially converts the output of a rotary power into pulsatile motion so that the power demand from the thermoelectric converter remains essentially constant while the blood pump output is pulsed. (auth)
Bifano, N.J.; Pouchot, W.D.
CRADA Final Report: Materials Development For Pulp and Paper Mills, Task 9 Proof of Commercial Concept: Commodity Carbon Fibers From Weyerhaeuser Lignin Based Fibers
Tasks were assigned to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) researchers for the development of lignin-based carbon fiber from a specific precursor that was produced by the Participant (Weyerhaeuser Corporation). These tasks included characterization of precursor polymers and fibers; and the development of conversion parameters for the fibers. ORNL researchers provided recommendations for in-house characterization of the precursor at the participant's laboratory. During the early stage of the precursor fiber production trials of various spools of fibers with varied compositions were produced. Some of those samples were sent to ORNL (by the Participant) for the development of conversion protocol. The trial tow samples were oxidized at ORNL's precursor evaluation system (PES), a bench-scale facility consisting of an oven, filament winder, tension controller, and a let off creel. The PES is a modular tool useful for the development of precursor conversion protocol. It can handle a single filament to a large single tow (50k filaments). It can also offer precise tensioning for few-filament tows. In the PES, after oxidation, fibers are typically carbonized first at low temperature, {le} 600 C, and subsequently at a higher temperature, {le} 1200 C with controlled residence time. ORNL has recently installed a new carbonization furnace with 1700 C limit and a furnace with 2500 C capacity is under installation. A protocol for the oxidation and carbonization of the trial precursor fibers was developed. Oxidized fiber with a density of 1.46 g/cc (oxidation time: 90 min) shows qualitative flame retardancy via simple flame test (fibers do not catch fire or shrink when exposed to flame). Oxidized and carbonized filaments of the Weyerhaeuser precursor fibers show moderate mechanical properties and 47-51 % carbon yield (based on oxidized fiber mass) after carbonization between 1000-1400 C. The properties of fibers from nonoptimized composition and processing parameters indicate the potential of low-cost, low-end carbon fibers based on renewable resource materials. Further work is necessary to produce high quality precursor and the corresponding carbonized filaments of superior properties.
Paulauskas, Felix L [ORNL; Naskar, Amit K [ORNL; Ozcan, Soydan [ORNL; Keiser, James R [ORNL; Gorog, John Peter [Weyerhaeuser Company
KTH Mechanics SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
KTH Mechanics SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Activity Report 2009 Contents 1. Introduction 2 a short overview of the structure and activities at the depart- ment of Mechanics, KTH during the year courses in mechanics, fluid mechanics and structural mechanics given for students and programmes from
Haviland, David
Does the Higgs Mechanism Exist?
This paper explores the argument structure of the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the electroweak gauge theory of the Standard Model: the so-called Higgs mechanism. As commonly understood, the Higgs argument is designed to introduce the masses of the gauge bosons by a spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry of an additional field, the Higgs field. The technical derivation of the Higgs mechanism, however, consists in a mere re-shuffling of degrees of freedom by transforming the Higgs Lagrangian in a gauge-invariant manner. This already raises serious doubts about the adequacy of the entire manoeuvre. It will be shown that no straightforward ontic interpretation of the Higgs mechanism is tenable since gauge transformations possess no real instantiations. In addition, the explanatory value of the Higgs argument will be critically examined.
Holger Lyre
Reaction mechanisms of pair transfer
The mechanisms of nuclear transfer reactions are described for the transfer of two nucleons from one nucleus to another. Two-nucleon overlap functions are defined in various coordinate systems, and their transformation coefficients given between coordinate systems. Post and prior couplings are defined for sequential transfer mechanisms, and it is demonstrated that the combination of `prior-post' couplings avoids non-orthogonality terms, but does not avoid couplings that do not have good zero-range approximations. The simultaneous and sequential mechanisms are demonstrated for the $^{124}$Sn(p,t)$^{122}$Sn reaction at 25 MeV using shell-model overlap functions. The interference between the various simultaneous and sequential amplitudes is shown.
Ian J. Thompson
Majorana Electroformed Copper Mechanical Analysis
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a large array of ultra-low background high-purity germanium detectors, enriched in 76Ge, designed to search for zero-neutrino double-beta decay. The DEMONSTRATOR will utilize ultra high purity electroformed copper for a variety of detector components and shielding. A preliminary mechanical evaluation was performed on the Majorana prototype electroformed copper material. Several samples were removed from a variety of positions on the mandrel. Tensile testing, optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness testing were conducted to evaluate mechanical response. Analyses carried out on the Majorana prototype copper to this point show consistent mechanical response from a variety of test locations. Evaluation shows the copper meets or exceeds the design specifications.
Overman, Nicole R.; Overman, Cory T.; Kafentzis, Tyler A.; Edwards, Danny J.; Hoppe, Eric W.
221B Lecture Notes Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
221B Lecture Notes Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 1 Need for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics We, similarly to the Newton's equation of motion in mechanics. The initial condtions to solve the Newton
Mathematics 658 Nonlinear Dynamics and Mechanics
Mathematics 658 Nonlinear Dynamics and Mechanics Instructor: Anthony M. Bloch. Office: 4842 East differential equations and dynamical systems, with applications to various mechanical and physical systems, nonlinear stability theory, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, integrable systems, reduction
Bloch, Anthony
Statistical mechanics of a cat's cradle
cells. In our view, cell mechanics remains at an early stagefor physics Statistical mechanics of a catÆs cradle Tongyemodel [2, 3] of cell mechanics [7], but here we limit
Shen, Tongye; Wolynes, Peter G
MECHANICS AND NONLINEAR CONTROL: MAKING UNDERWATER VEHICLES RIDE AND GLIDE Naomi Ehrich Leonard \\Lambda \\Lambda Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Methods from geometric mechanics and dynamical systems theory make
Leonard, Naomi
221B Lecture Notes Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 1 Need for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics We's equation of motion in mechanics. The initial condtions to solve the Newton's equation of motion
Stock Mechanics: a classical approach
New theoretical approaches about forecasting stock markets are proposed. A mathematization of the stock market in terms of arithmetical relations is given, where some simple (non-differential, non-fractal) expressions are also suggested as general stock price formuli in closed forms which are able to generate a variety of possible price movements in time. A kind of mechanics is submitted to cover the price movements in terms of classical concepts. Where utilizing stock mechanics to grow the portfolios in real markets is also proven.
Tuncay, C
Mechanical model for ductility loss
A mechanical model was constructed to probe into the mechanism of ductility loss. Fracture criterion based on critical localized deformation was undertaken. Two microstructure variables were considered in the model. Namely, the strength ratio of grain boundary affected area to the matrix, ..cap omega.., and the linear fraction, x, of grain boundary affected area. A parametrical study was carried out. The study shows that the ductility is very sensitive to those microstructure parameters. The functional dependence of ductility to temperature as well as strain-rate, suggested by the model, is demonstrated to be consistent with the observation.
Hu, W.L.
Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered
Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Print Wednesday, 23 February 2011 00:00 Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP...
A Fundamental Mechanism in Anisotropic Nanocrystal Growth ...
In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the build block ( nanocrystal) growth mechanism. The oriented attachment (OA) mechanism originallyĀ...
Mechanical and Hydraulic Press Brakes
...drives, with mechanical linkages from motor to flywheel to clutch to gears to crankshaft to crank arm to ram (Fig. 4). They all have one thing in common: a crankshaft action that converts rotary motion into straight, reciprocating motion (Fig. 5). During a stroke cycle, the crank arm drives the ram down...
Xiangchun Xuan Department of Mechanical
┬Łliquid interface [13, 14]. Therefore, pumps, valves, and other mechanical moving parts are eliminated in electro April 20, 2007 Revised May 21, 2007 Accepted May 21, 2007 Review Joule heating in electrokinetic flow Joule heating in electrokinetic flow, which is known to cause temperature variations in liquids and draw
Xuan, Xiangchun "Schwann"
Mechanical scriber for semiconductor devices
A mechanical scriber using a scribing tip, such as a diamond, provides controlled scriber forces with a spring-loaded compound lever arrangement. The scribing force and range of scribing depth are adjusted by a pair of adjustable micrometer heads. A semiconductor device, such as a multilayer solar cell, can be formed into scribed strips at each layer. 5 figs.
Lin, P.T.
A mechanical scriber using a scribing tip, such as a diamond, provides controlled scriber forces with a spring-loaded compound lever arrangement. The scribing force and range of scribing depth are adjusted by a pair of adjustable micrometer heads. A semiconductor device, such as a multilayer solar cell, can be formed into scribed strips at each layer.
Lin, Peter T. (East Brunswick, NJ)
SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy
SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy ┬® Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Sci China-Phys Mech Astron, 2013, 56: 207221, doi: 10.1007/s11433-012-4970-8 1 Introduction
Zhang, Guangyu
Student understanding of quantum mechanics
We investigate the difficulties of advanced undergraduate students toward the end of a full year upper-level quantum mechanics course with concepts related to quantum measurements and time development. Our analysis is based upon a test administered to 89 students from six universities and interviews with 9 students. Strikingly
Chandralekha Singh
Universal mechanism of aging uncovered?
Researchers at Harvard Medical School (HMS: Boston, USA) have discovered that DNA damage decreases a cellÆs ability to regulate which genes are turned on and off in particular settings. This mechanism, which applies both to fungi and to humans, might repre
Battery Vent Mechanism And Method
Disclosed herein is a venting mechanism for a battery. The venting mechanism includes a battery vent structure which is located on the battery cover and may be integrally formed therewith. The venting mechanism includes an opening extending through the battery cover such that the opening communicates with a plurality of battery cells located within the battery case. The venting mechanism also includes a vent manifold which attaches to the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes a first opening which communicates with the battery vent structure opening and second and third openings which allow the vent manifold to be connected to two separate conduits. In this manner, a plurality of batteries may be interconnected for venting purposes, thus eliminating the need to provide separate vent lines for each battery. The vent manifold may be attached to the battery vent structure by a spin-welding technique. To facilitate this technique, the vent manifold may be provided with a flange portion which fits into a corresponding groove portion on the battery vent structure. The vent manifold includes an internal chamber which is large enough to completely house a conventional battery flame arrester and overpressure safety valve. In this manner, the vent manifold, when installed, lessens the likelihood of tampering with the flame arrester and safety valve.
Ching, Larry K. W. (Littleton, CO)
Propagators in Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics
A discussion of propagators (Green's functions) and methods for calculating them for the simplest systems in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is given from several points of view. The relevance of such techniques to partition function calculations is pointed out. Finally
Laurent A. Beauregard
Mechanical Property and Microstructural Characterization of ...
MECHANICAL PROPERTY AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION. OF VACUUM DIE CAST SUPERALLOY MATERIALS. John J. SchirraĀ...
Some topics in thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
We sketch some connecting relations involving fractional and quantum calculi, fractal structure, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics.
Robert Carroll
From Quantum Mechanics to String Theory
From Quantum Mechanics to String Theory Relativity (why it makes sense) Quantum mechanics) New Particles anti-particles (combining special relativity and quantum mechanics pions (mediator mechanics, implies an infinite tower of negative energy states, rather than a ground state suppose
Bohmian Mechanics Detlef Durr, Sheldon Goldstein,
Bohmian Mechanics Detlef D┬©urr, Sheldon Goldstein, Roderich Tumulka, and Nino Zangh`i December 31, 2004 Quantum Mechanics and Reality. While quantum mechanics, as presented in physics text- books (within the realm of quantum mechanics). A description of re- ality, in contrast, would tell us what
From Quantum Mechanics to String Theory Relativity (why it makes sense) Quantum mechanics Extra Dimensions Strings and the Strong Force Thursday, June 4, 2009 #12;The Higgs Mechanism Summary Mechanical Particle Physics General Relativistic Quantum Gravity increasing speed decreasing size increasing
Classical Mechanics (Prof. P. L. Read)
Classical Mechanics (Prof. P. L. Read) Lecture 1 Photograph ┬® Andrew Dunn, 5 November 2004. #12;What is Classical Mechanics? ┬Ę .. rational mechanics will be the science of motion resulting from any Mechanics? ┬Ę System of mathematical physics developed since the time of Galileo, Newton & Kepler ┬Ę Concerned
Read, Peter L.
From Quantum Mechanics to String Theory Relativity (why it makes sense) Quantum mechanics, 2009 #12;Quantum Mechanics: Measurement and Uncertainty Thursday, May 7, 2009 #12;Puzzle: The Stern it. Quantum mechanics understanding: the particle exists in a state without definite position
Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics
WCCM V Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics July 7-12, 2002, Vienna, Austria Eds.: H Material in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Framework using Micro- Mechanical Models Nicholas Christakis London, UK e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Key words: granular material, continuum mechanics, micro-mechanical
Christakis, Nikolaos
Mechanics of Interfacial Composite Materials
Recent experiments and simulations have demonstrated that particle-covered interfaces can exist in stable non-spherical shapes as a result of the steric jamming of the interfacially trapped particles, which confers the interface with solid-like properties. We provide an experimental and theoretical characterization of the mechanical properties of these armored objects, with attention given to the two-dimensional granular state of the interface. Small inhomogeneous stresses produce a plastic response while homogeneous stresses produce a weak elastic response. Shear-driven particle-scale rearrangements explain the basic threshold needed to obtain the near-perfect plastic deformation that is observed. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous stress state of the interface is exhibited experimentally by using surfactants to destabilize the particles on the surface. Since the interfacially trapped particles retain their individual characteristics, armored interfaces can be recognized as a kind of composite material with distinct chemical, structural and mechanical properties.
Anand Bala Subramaniam; Manouk Abkarian; L. Mahadevan; Howard A. Stone
The Schwinger mechanism and graphene
The Schwinger mechanism, the production of charged particle-antiparticle pairs in a macroscopic external electric field, is derived for 2+1 dimensional theories. The rate of pair production per unit area for four species of massless fermions, with charge $q$, in a constant electric field $E$ is given by $ \\pi^{-2} \\hbar^{-3/2} \\tilde{c}^{-1/2} (q E)^{3/2} $ where $\\tilde{c}$ is the speed of light for the two-dimensional system. To the extent undoped graphene behaves like the quantum field-theoretic vacuum for massless fermions in 2+1 dimensions, the Schwinger mechanism should be testable experimentally. A possible experimental configuration for this is proposed. Effects due to deviations from this idealized picture of graphene are briefly considered. It is argued that with present day samples of graphene, tests of the Schwinger formula may be possible.
Danielle Allor; Thomas D. Cohen; David A. McGady
Chemically assisted mechanical refrigeration process
There is provided a chemically assisted mechanical refrigeration process including the steps of: mechanically compressing a refrigerant stream which includes vaporized refrigerant; contacting the refrigerant with a solvent in a mixer (11) at a pressure sufficient to promote substantial dissolving of the refrigerant in the solvent in the mixer (11) to form a refrigerant-solvent solution while concurrently placing the solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to transfer energy to the working medium, said refrigerant-solvent solution exhibiting a negative deviation from Raoult's Law; reducing the pressure over the refrigerant-solvent solution in an evaporator (10) to allow the refrigerant to vaporize and substantially separate from the solvent while concurrently placing he evolving refrigerant-solvent solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to remove energy from the working medium to thereby form a refrigerant stream and a solvent stream; and passing the solvent and refrigerant stream from the evaporator.
Vobach, Arnold R. (6006 Allentown Dr., Spring, TX 77379)
There is provided a chemically assisted mechanical refrigeration process including the steps of: mechanically compressing a refrigerant stream which includes vaporized refrigerant; contacting the refrigerant with a solvent in a mixer (11) at a pressure sufficient to promote substantial dissolving of the refrigerant in the solvent in the mixer (11) to form a refrigerant-solvent solution while concurrently placing the solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to transfer energy to the working medium, said refrigerant-solvent solution exhibiting a negative deviation from Raoult's Law; reducing the pressure over the refrigerant-solvent solution in an evaporator (10) to allow the refrigerant to vaporize and substantially separate from the solvent while concurrently placing the evolving refrigerant-solvent solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to remove energy from the working medium to thereby form a refrigerant stream and a solvent stream; and passing the solvent and refrigerant stream from the evaporator.
Vobach, Arnold R. (6006 Allentown Dr., Spring, TX 77389)
There is provided a chemically assisted mechanical refrigeration process including the steps of: mechanically compressing a refrigerant stream which includes vaporized refrigerant; contacting the refrigerant with a solvent in a mixer at a pressure sufficient to promote substantial dissolving of the refrigerant in the solvent in the mixer to form a refrigerant-solvent solution while concurrently placing the solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to transfer energy to the working medium, said refrigerant-solvent solution exhibiting a negative deviation from Raoult's Law; reducing the pressure over the refrigerant-solvent solution in an evaporator to allow the refrigerant to vaporize and substantially separate from the solvent while concurrently placing the evolving refrigerant-solvent solution in heat exchange relation with a working medium to remove energy from the working medium to thereby form a refrigerant stream and a solvent stream; and passing the solvent and refrigerant stream from the evaporator. 5 figs.
Vobach, A.R.
Bohmian Mechanics and Quantum Information
Many recent results suggest that quantum theory is about information, and that quantum theory is best understood as arising from principles concerning information and information processing. At the same time, by far the simplest version of quantum mechanics, Bohmian mechanics, is concerned, not with information but with the behavior of an objective microscopic reality given by particles and their positions. What I would like to do here is to examine whether, and to what extent, the importance of information, observation, and the like in quantum theory can be understood from a Bohmian perspective. I would like to explore the hypothesis that the idea that information plays a special role in physics naturally emerges in a Bohmian universe.
Sheldon Goldstein
Kinesin's backsteps under mechanical load
Kinesins move processively toward the plus end of microtubules by hydrolyzing ATP for each step. From an enzymatic perspective, the mechanism of mechanical motion coupled to the nucleotide chemistry is often well explained using a single-loop cyclic reaction. However, several difficulties arise in interpreting kinesin's backstepping within this framework, especially when external forces oppose the motion of kinesin. We review evidence, such as an ATP-independent stall force and a slower cycle time for backsteps, that has emerged to challenge the idea that kinesin backstepping is due to ATP synthesis, i.e., the reverse cycle of kinesin's forward-stepping chemomechanics. Supplementing the conventional single-loop chemomechanics with routes for ATP-hydrolyzing backward steps and nucleotide-free steps, especially under load, gives a better physical interpretation of the experimental data on backsteps.
Changbong Hyeon; Stefan Klumpp; Josķ N. Onuchic
Mechanical Engineering Department. Technical review
The Mechanical Engineering Department Technical Review is published to (1) inform the readers of various technical activities within the Department, (2) promote exchange of ideas, and (3) give credit to the personnel who are achieving the results. The report is formatted into two parts: technical achievements and publication abstracts. The first is divided into eight sections, one for each Division in the Department providing the reader with the names of the personnel and the Division accomplishing the work.
Simecka, W.B.; Condouris, R.A.; Talaber, C. (eds.)
Complex Mechanical Properties of Steel
?i friction stress ?y stress necessary to propagate yield ? bias A number of models in the committee CONTENTS ix a crack length a1 reliability constant a2 material fatigue properties constant a3 lubricant constant C material constant ci chemical... for failure to occur. In addition to this, stress concentration, temperature, corro- sion, residual stress and basic mechanical properties influence fatigue failure [10]. 2.1 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH 5 2.1.1 Fatigue Failure Concepts There are four concepts applied...
Dimitriu, Radu
Mechanical Engineering Department Technical Review
The Mechanical Engineering Department Technical Review is published to inform readers of various technical activities within the Department, promote exchange of ideas, and give credit to personnel who are achieving the results. The report is presented in two parts: technical achievements and publication abstracts. The first is divided into seven sections, each of which reports on an engineering division and its specific activities related to nuclear tests, nuclear explosives, weapons, energy systems, engineering sciences, magnetic fusion, and materials fabrication.
Carr, R.B.; Denney, R.M. (eds.)
>The mechanical and physical properties of Zircaloy-2 were determined as a function of five test variables: temperature, grain size, direction to rolling, hydrgen content, and the presence or absence of a notch. The investigation included studies of the coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic moduius, tensile properties, creep properties, and low-cycle fatigue properties. Approximately 470 specimens from a single ingot were tested in the course of the investigation. (auth)
Mehan, R.L.; Wiesinger, F.W.
Scattering Relativity in Quantum Mechanics
Transforming from one reference frame to another yields an equivalent physical description. If quantum fields are transformed one way and quantum states transformed a different way then the physics changes. We show how to use the resulting changed physical description to obtain the equations of motion of charged, massive particles in electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The derivation is based entirely on special relativity and quantum mechanics.
Richard Shurtleff
Communication: Quantum mechanics without wavefunctions
We present a self-contained formulation of spin-free non-relativistic quantum mechanics that makes no use of wavefunctions or complex amplitudes of any kind. Quantum states are represented as ensembles of real-valued quantum trajectories, obtained by extremizing an action and satisfying energy conservation. The theory applies for arbitrary configuration spaces and system dimensionalities. Various beneficial ramifications--theoretical, computational, and interpretational--are discussed.
Schiff, Jeremy [Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 (Israel); Poirier, Bill [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061 (United States) and Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Box 41051, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1051 (United States)
Mechanism of instantaneous coal outbursts
Thousands of mine workers die every year from mining accidents, and instantaneous coal outbursts in underground coal mines are one of the major killers. Various models for these outbursts have been proposed, but the precise mechanism is still unknown. We hypothesize that the mechanism of coal outbursts is similar to magma fragmentation during explosive volcanic eruptions; i.e., it is caused by high gas pressure inside coal but low ambient pressure on it, breaking coal into pieces and releasing the high-pressure gas in a shock wave. Hence, coal outbursts may be regarded as another type of gas-driven eruption, in addition to explosive volcanic, lake, and possible ocean eruptions. We verify the hypothesis by experiments using a shock-tube apparatus. Knowing the mechanism of coal outbursts is the first step in developing prediction and mitigation measures. The new concept of gas-driven solid eruption is also important to a better understanding of salt-gas outbursts, rock-gas outbursts, and mud volcano eruptions.
Guan, P.; Wang, H.Y.; Zhang, Y.X. [Peking University, Beijing (China). School of Earth & Space Science
Nonlinear Hertzian indentation fracture mechanics
Indentation cracking under blunt indenters is analyzed using nonlinear fracture mechanics. The usual assumptions of linear elastic fracture mechanics have been replaced with a nonlinear load vs load-point displacement curve while assuming the material is linear elastic. The load, the load-point displacement, and a function of the crack area have been related to the crack driving force, J, while assuming a cone fracture under the Hertzian sphere. Experimentally, it was found that the load-displacement curve during loading, cracking, and unloading is nonlinear. The crack length is empirically shown to be proportional to the load-point displacement for several indenters. The experimentally measured relations between indenter load, load-point displacement, and crack geometries are then analyzed with mechanical energy balances based on the similitude of crack lengths with load-point displacements. The Hertz hardness that describes the nonlinear load vs load-point displacement relation during cracking is derived on the constant J line in load-displacement space. Finally, well-known experimental expressions that relate load to crack length are shown to be indistinguishable from the load-point displacement analysis reported.
Burns, S.J.; Chia, K.Y. [Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
DOE fundamentals handbook: Mechanical science. Volume 2
The Mechanical Science Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mechanical components and mechanical science. The handbook includes information diesel engines, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and miscellaneous mechanical components. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the construction and operation of mechanical components that are associated with various DOE nuclear facility operations and maintenance.
Global Performance in the Pulp & Paper Industry
/31/2002 4/30/2002 7/31/2002 10/31/2002 Latin America Region - Aracruz Celulose Europe Region - UPM Kymmene
Contact Mechanics Based Mechanical Characterization of Portland Cement Paste
Current research interest in multi-scale modeling of cement paste requires accurate characterization of the time-dependent mechanical properties of the material, particularly the C-S-H phase. Nanoindentation is evaluated as a tool for measuring both the instantaneous and the short-term viscoelastic properties of cement paste. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based indentation is compared to conventional nanoindentaion in measuring mechanical properties of cement pastes. Time-dependent solutions are derived to characterize creep indentation tests performed on hardened cement paste and to extract the time-dependent properties. The effect of approximating C-S-H viscoelastic properties with a time-independent Poisson's ratio is discussed, and arguments for utilizing a time-independent Poisson's ratio for short-term response are presented. In evaluating AFM as a mechanical characterization tool, various analytical and numerical modeling approaches are compared. The disparities between the numerical self-consistent approach and analytical solutions are determined and reported. The measured elastic Young's modulus values acquired by AFM indentation tests are compared to Young's modulus values from nanoindentation measurements from cement paste. These results show that the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phase of hydrated portland cement has different properties on the nanometric scale than on the micron scale. Packing density of C-S-H particles is proposed as an explanation for the disparity in the measured results. The AFM measured uniaxial viscoelastic compliance values are compared to similar values obtained with traditional nanoindentation for the same material. The comparison of these results shows that the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phase of portland cement has similar but distinct properties on the sub micron scale than on the micron scale. Additionally, the effect of moisture is evaluated by controlling the relative humidity (RH) of the testing environment between 40% and 100% plus, or wet. The viscoelastic compliance appears to be highest at 40% RH and the material appears to be less compliant at higher relative humidity levels. Possible mechanisms controlling the viscoelastic deformation are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the moisture related poromechanical effect.
Jones, Christopher
Laboratory of mechanics PhD Thesis in Non-linear Mechanics
Laboratory of mechanics PhD Thesis in Non-linear Mechanics 1 DYNAMICS AND ACTIVE CONTROL WITH DELAY OF THE DYNAMICS OF UNBOUNDED MONOSTABLE MECHANICAL STRUCTURES WITH 6 POTENTIAL NANA NBENDJO Blaise Rom├®o2005 #12;Laboratory of mechanics PhD Thesis in Non-linear Mechanics 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS tel-00009933
Statistical Mechanics of Dictionary Learning
Finding a basis matrix (dictionary) by which objective signals are represented sparsely is of major relevance in various scientific and technological fields. We consider a problem to learn a dictionary from a set of training signals. We employ techniques of statistical mechanics of disordered systems to evaluate the size of the training set necessary to typically succeed in the dictionary learning. The results indicate that the necessary size is much smaller than previously estimated, which theoretically supports and/or encourages the use of dictionary learning in practical situations.
Sakata, Ayaka
Probable Inference and Quantum Mechanics
In its current very successful interpretation the quantum theory is fundamentally statistical in nature. Although commonly viewed as a probability amplitude whose (complex) square is a probability, the wavefunction or state vector continues to defy consensus as to its exact meaning, primarily because it is not a physical observable. Rather than approach this problem directly, it is suggested that it is first necessary to clarify the precise role of probability theory in quantum mechanics, either as applied to, or as an intrinsic part of the quantum theory. When all is said and done the unsurprising conclusion is that quantum mechanics does not constitute a logic and probability unto itself, but adheres to the long-established rules of classical probability theory while providing a means within itself for calculating the relevant probabilities. In addition, the wavefunction is seen to be a description of the quantum state assigned by an observer based on definite information, such that the same state must be assigned by any other observer based on the same information, in much the same way that probabilities are assigned.
Grandy, W. T. Jr. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070 (United States)
Mechanisms of gas bubble retention
Retention and episodic release of flammable gases are critical safety concerns regarding double-shell tanks (DSTs) containing waste slurries. Previous investigations have concluded that gas bubbles are retained by the slurry that has settled at the bottom of the DST. However, the mechanisms responsible for the retention of these bubbles are not well understood. In addition, the presence of retained gas bubbles is expected to affect the physical properties of the sludge, but essentially no literature data are available to assess the effect of these bubbles. The rheological behavior of the waste, particularly of the settled sludge, is critical to characterizing the tendency of the waste to retain gas bubbles. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to gas bubble retention and release from sludge such as is in Tank 241-SY-101, understand how the bubbles affect the physical properties of the sludge, develop correlations of these physical properties to include in computer models, and collect experimental data on the physical properties of simulated sludges with bubbles. This report presents a theory and experimental observations of bubble retention in simulated sludge and gives correlations and new data on the effect of gas bubbles on sludge yield strength.
Gauglitz, P.A.; Mahoney, L.A.; Mendoza, D.P.; Miller, M.C.
New mechanism for lightning initiation
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). To distinguish radio-frequency (rf) signals generated by lightning from the electromagnetic pulse produced by a nuclear explosion, it is necessary to understand the fundamental nature of thunderstorm discharges. The recent debate surrounding the origin of transionospheric pulse pairs (TIPPs) detected by the BLACKBEARD experiment aboard the ALEXIS satellite illustrates this point. We have argued that TIPP events could originate from the upward propagating discharges recently identified by optical images taken from the ground, from airplanes, and from the space shuttle. In addition, the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) measurements of x-ray bursts originating from thunderstorms are almost certainly associated with these upward propagating discharges. When taken together, these three measurements point directly to the runaway electron mechanism as the source of the upward discharges. The primary goal of this research effort was to identify the specific role played by the runaway-air-breakdown mechanism in the general area of thunderstorm electricity and in so doing develop lightning models that predict the optical, rf, and x-ray emissions that are observable from space.
Roussel-Dupre, R.; Buchwald, M.; Gurevich, A. [Lebedev Institute of Physical Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)] [and others
Solar mechanics thermal response capabilities.
In many applications, the thermal response of structures exposed to solar heat loads is of interest. Solar mechanics governing equations were developed and integrated with the Calore thermal response code via user subroutines to provide this computational simulation capability. Solar heat loads are estimated based on the latitude and day of the year. Vector algebra is used to determine the solar loading on each face of a finite element model based on its orientation relative to the sun as the earth rotates. Atmospheric attenuation is accounted for as the optical path length varies from sunrise to sunset. Both direct and diffuse components of solar flux are calculated. In addition, shadowing of structures by other structures can be accounted for. User subroutines were also developed to provide convective and radiative boundary conditions for the diurnal variations in air temperature and effective sky temperature. These temperature boundary conditions are based on available local weather data and depend on latitude and day of the year, consistent with the solar mechanics formulation. These user subroutines, coupled with the Calore three-dimensional thermal response code, provide a complete package for addressing complex thermal problems involving solar heating. The governing equations are documented in sufficient detail to facilitate implementation into other heat transfer codes. Suggestions for improvements to the approach are offered.
Dobranich, Dean D.
THE OBJECTIVE INDEFINITENESS INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Partition logic, logical information theory, and quantum mechanics
THE OBJECTIVE INDEFINITENESS INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Partition logic, logical information theory, and quantum mechanics David Ellerman University of California at Riverside www ago that quantum mechanics was not compatible with Boolean logic, then the natural thing to do would
W├╝thrich, Christian
An Unsung Mechanism for Frontogenesis and Cyclogenesis
It is suggested that the constructive interference of a wave packet of stable normal modes could constitute a mechanism for local fronto- and cyclogenetic development. The potential efficacy of this mechanism is illustrated by deriving an ...
J. C. M³ller; H. C. Davies; C. Schõr
Perfect Implementation of Normal-Form Mechanisms
Privacy and trust affect our strategic thinking, yet they have not been precisely modeled in mechanism design. In settings of incomplete information, traditional implementations of a normal-form mechanism ---by disregarding ...
Izmalkov, Sergei
Green fluorescent protein as a mechanical sensor
Inquiry into intracellular and cytoskeletal mechanics requires an intracellular mechanical sensor to verify models of sub-cellular structure dynamics. To this end, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is considered as a ...
Muso, Taro M. (Taro Michael)
Elucidating mechanisms of accelerated neurological aging
C. (2005). Mechanisms of aging in senescence- accelerated2.2 Strain-specific aging gene-expression profilesģģģģģģģ..C. (2005). Mechanisms of aging in senescence-accelerated
Greenhall, Jennifer Anne
Apparatus and method for generating mechanical waves
Mechanical waves are generated in a medium by subjecting an electromechanical element to an alternating electric field having a frequency which induces mechanical resonance therein and is below any electrical resonance frequency thereof.
Allensworth, D.L.; Chen, P.J.
Star Products for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
The star product formalism has proved to be an alternative formulation for nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. We want introduce here a covariant star product in order to extend the star product formalism to relativistic quantum mechanics in the proper time formulation.
P. Henselder
Starting from Quantum Mechanics - Programmaster.org
Computational Modeling and Simulation of Advanced Materials for Energy Applications: Starting from Quantum Mechanics Sponsored by: TMS/ASM:Ā...
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Ultrafine ...
Abstract Scope, High energy mechanical milling (HEMM) is an effective technique to disperse ... Advanced Characterization of Metal Matrix Nano-
Atomic Scale Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Polyethylene ...
Atomic Scale Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Polyethylene under Tensile Loading Ę Atomistic Predictions of Age Hardening in Al-Cu Alloys.
Degradation Mechanism of SOFC Cathode Electrolyte Systems ...
Presentation Title, Degradation Mechanism of SOFC Cathode Electrolyte Systems Incorporating Doped Lathanum Gallates. Author(s), Chuan Zhang, Anh T.
Mechanical Systems & Controls Group Staff Directory
Mechanical Systems and Controls Group Staff. Staff Listing. Steven T. Bushby, Leader, Supervisory Electronics Engineer, 301-975-5873. ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Uranium Reduction by Clostridia
The objective of this research is to elucidate systematically the molecular mechanisms involved in the reduction of uranium by Clostridia.
Francis, A.J.; Matin, A.C.; Gao, W.; Chidambaram, D.; Barak, Y.; Dodge, C.J.
Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Systems
Micro- and Nano- Mechanical Systems. Summary: ... We are interested in studying and controlling micro- and nano-optomechanical systems. ...
Quantum Mechanics Joachim Burgdorfer and Stefan Rotter
1 1 Quantum Mechanics Joachim Burgd┬©orfer and Stefan Rotter 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Particle and Quantization 8 1.5 Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics 9 1.6 Formalism of Quantum Mechanics 12 1.7 Solution 29 1.8.3 Resonances 30 1.9 Semiclassical Mechanics 31 1.9.1 The WKB Approximation 31 1.9.2 The EBK
Rotter, Stefan
On a New Form of Quantum Mechanics
We propose a new form of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics which is based on a quantum version of the action principle.
N. N. Gorobey; A. S. Lukyanenko
Summary of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Concepts
...in this Volume."Stress Intensity Factors"A brief summary of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concepts
An efficient method for the calculation of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics free energies
The combination of quantum mechanics (QM) with molecular mechanics (MM) offers a route to improved accuracy in the study of biological systems
Christopher J. Woods; Frederick R. Manby; Adrian J. Mulholland
Quantum mechanical scoring for protein docking
We develop a docking protocol based on quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations in which quantum mechanical energy is used as scoring. We test the protocol with three groups of examples with various binding site characteristics. The new docking method performs as well as or better than conventional docking methods in all three groups. In particular
Art E. Cho; Jae Yoon Chung
KTH Mechanics SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Activity Report 2006 Contents 1. Introduction 2. 3 Publications and conference presentations during 2006 5. 4 Seminars at Mechanics, KTH 1 #12 of Mechanics, KTH during the year of 2006. More information may be found at the department web site http
A Criterion for Holism in Quantum Mechanics
A Criterion for Holism in Quantum Mechanics M.P Seevinck E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Utrecht University, The Netherlands, August 2003. 1 #12; Motivation ┬Ę The question whether or not quantum mechanics is it that makes quantum mechanics a holistic theory (if so), and other physical theories not (if so). ┬Ę I propose
Seevinck, Michiel
A Criterion for Holism in Quantum Mechanics M.P Seevinck Utrecht University, The Netherlands, June 2003. 1 #12; Motivation ┬Ę The question whether or not quantum mechanics (QM) gives rise to some mechanics a holistic theory (if so), and other physical theories not (if so). ┬Ę I propose an operational
KTH Mechanics SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Activity Report 2005 Contents 1. Introduction 2. 3 Publications and conference presentations during 2005 5. 4 Seminars at Mechanics, KTH 1 #12 of Mechanics, KTH during the year of 2005. More information may be found at the department web site http
A Criterion for Holism in Quantum Mechanics # M.P Seevinck # # Utrecht University, The Netherlands, June 2003. # 1 #12; # Motivation # . The question whether or not quantum mechanics (QM) gives rise mechanics a holistic theory (if so), and other physical theories not (if so). . I propose an operational
Statistical mechanics and ocean circulation Rick Salmon
Statistical mechanics and ocean circulation Rick Salmon Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD equilibrium statistical mechanics based upon the conservation of energy and potential enstrophy to the mass. The equilibrium state resembles the buoyancy structure actually observed. Key words: statistical mechanics, ocean
Salmon, Rick
Course Syllabus PHYS 331 Advanced Classical Mechanics
Course Syllabus PHYS 331 ┬Ł Advanced Classical Mechanics Fall 2011 Instructor: Ben Vollmayr-Lee, Olin 168, firstname.lastname@example.com, x73106 Textbook: John Taylor, Classical Mechanics Office Hours://www.eg.bucknell.edu/bvollmay/phys331 Course Description Classical mechanics is where it all started. Newton demonstrated that the same
Vollmayr-Lee, Ben
Probability in modal interpretations of quantum mechanics
Probability in modal interpretations of quantum mechanics Dennis Dieks Institute for the History interpretations have the ambition to construe quantum mechanics as an ob- jective, man-independent description of physical reality. Their second leading idea is probabilism: quantum mechanics does not completely fix
Mechanical Engineering Department technical abstracts
The Mechanical Engineering Department publishes abstracts twice a year to inform readers of the broad range of technical activities in the Department, and to promote an exchange of ideas. Details of the work covered by an abstract may be obtained by contacting the author(s). General information about the current role and activities of each of the Department's seven divisions precedes the technical abstracts. Further information about a division's work may be obtained from the division leader, whose name is given at the end of each divisional summary. The Department's seven divisions are as follows: Nuclear Test Engineering Division, Nuclear Explosives Engineering Division, Weapons Engineering Division, Energy Systems Engineering Division, Engineering Sciences Division, Magnetic Fusion Engineering Division and Materials Fabrication Division.
Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystal Supercrystals
Colloidal nanocrystals attract significant interest due to their potential applications in electronic, magnetic, and optical devices. Nanocrystal supercrystals (NCSCs) are particularly appealing for their well ordered structure and homogeneity. The interactions between organic ligands that passivate the inorganic nanocrystal cores critically influence their self-organization into supercrystals, By investigating the mechanical properties of supercrystals, we can directly characterize the particle-particle interactions in a well-defined geometry, and gain insight into both the self-assembly process and the potential applications of nanocrystal supercrystals. Here we report nanoindentation studies of well ordered lead-sulfide (Pbs) nanocrystal supercrystals. Their modulus and hardness were found to be similar to soft polymers at 1.7 GPa and 70 MPa respectively and the fractures toughness was 39 KPa/m1/2, revealing the extremely brittle nature of these materials.
Tam, Enrico; Podsiadlo, Paul; Shevchenko, Elena; Ogletree, D. Frank; Delplancke-Ogletree, Marie-Paule; Ashby, Paul D.
Efficiency of the dynamical mechanism
The most extreme starbursts occur in galaxy mergers, and it is now acknowledged that dynamical triggering has a primary importance in star formation. This triggering is due partly to the enhanced velocity dispersion provided by gravitational instabilities, such as density waves and bars, but mainly to the radial gas flows they drive, allowing large amounts of gas to condense towards nuclear regions in a small time scale. Numerical simulations with several gas phases, taking into account the feedback to regulate star formation, have explored the various processes, using recipes like the Schmidt law, moderated by the gas instability criterion. May be the most fundamental parameter in starbursts is the availability of gas: this sheds light on the amount of external gas accretion in galaxy evolution. The detailed mechanisms governing gas infall in the inner parts of galaxy disks are discussed.
F. Combes
On reconciling quantum mechanics and local realism
A necessary and natural change in our application of quantum mechanics to separated systems is shown to reconcile quantum mechanics and local realism. An analysis of separation and localization justifies the proposed change in application of quantum mechanics. An important EPRB experiment is reconsidered and it is seen that when it is correctly interpreted it supports local realism. This reconciliation of quantum mechanics with local realism allows the axiom sets of quantum mechanics, probability, and special relativity to be joined in a consistent global axiom set for physics.
Donald A. Graft
Sandia National Laboratories: Careers: Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Engineering photo Sandia mechanical engineers design and develop advanced components and systems for national-defense programs, homeland security, and other applications. Mechanical engineers at Sandia work on design, analysis, manufacturing, and test activities in many areas, including nuclear weapons and power, renewable energy, intelligent machines, robotics, pulsed power, missile defense, remote sensing, advanced manufacturing, and micro- and nanosystems. Sandia mechanical engineers are an integral part of multidisciplinary teams that employ state-of-the-art technologies, such as sophisticated software tools for design, analysis, modeling, and simulation; micro- and nanotechnologies; and advanced materials, materials processing, and fabrication.
Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics: Experiences with the Visual Quantum Mechanics Materials*
Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics: Experiences with the Visual Quantum Mechanics using a portion of the materials developed by the Visual Quantum Mechanics (VQM) project1 as part of our recent efforts to investigate student understanding of basic quantum mechanics concepts. The VQM
Larkin, Teresa L.
Fall 2011 ME 542 Advanced Fluid Mechanics ENG ME 542 Advanced Fluid Mechanics
Fall 2011 ME 542 Advanced Fluid Mechanics ENG ME 542 Advanced Fluid Mechanics Instructor: M. S. Howe EMA 218 email@example.com This course is intended to consolidate your knowledge of fluid mechanics specialized courses on fluid mechanics, acoustics and aeroacoustics. Outline syllabus: Equations of motion
Fluid Mechanics Part 1: General (Mechanical) Energy Equation and other topics
Fluid Mechanics Part 1: General (Mechanical) Energy Equation and other topics Dene. By writing down a (mechanical) energy conservation equation for this uid element, we nd that: p + u2 2 + gz.g. by a windmill); loss of mechanical energy from friction. All Eq. (1) really says is that the change
Nimmo, Francis
Mechanism Design without Money via Stable Matching
Mechanism design without money has a rich history in social choice literature. Due to the strong impossibility theorem by Gibbard and Satterthwaite, exploring domains in which there exist dominant strategy mechanisms is one of the central questions in the field. We propose a general framework, called the generalized packing problem (\\gpp), to study the mechanism design questions without payment. The \\gpp\\ possesses a rich structure and comprises a number of well-studied models as special cases, including, e.g., matroid, matching, knapsack, independent set, and the generalized assignment problem. We adopt the agenda of approximate mechanism design where the objective is to design a truthful (or strategyproof) mechanism without money that can be implemented in polynomial time and yields a good approximation to the socially optimal solution. We study several special cases of \\gpp, and give constant approximation mechanisms for matroid, matching, knapsack, and the generalized assignment problem. Our result for ge...
Chen, Ning; Lu, Pinyan
About mechanics of the structured particles
The principles of creation of the mechanics of structured particles in the frame of the Newton's laws are considered. The explanation how this mechanics leads to the account of dissipative forces is offered. Why the motions of the system determine by two type of symmetry: symmetry of the system and symmetry of space and how it leads to two types of energy and forces accordingly are discussed. How the mechanics of the structured particles leads to thermodynamics, statistical physics and kinetics are explained.
V. M. Somsikov
Quantum Mechanics and Closed Timelike Curves
General relativity allows solutions exhibiting closed timelike curves. Time travel generates paradoxes and quantum mechanics generalizations were proposed to solve those paradoxes. The implications of self-consistent interactions on acausal region of space-time are investigated. If the correspondence principle is true, then all generalizations of quantum mechanics on acausal manifolds are not renormalizable. Therefore quantum mechanics can only be defined on global hyperbolic manifolds and all general relativity solutions exhibiting time travel are unphysical.
Florin Moldoveanu
Bohmian particle trajectories contradict quantum mechanics
The Bohmian interpretation of quantum mechanics adds particle trajectories to the wave function and ensures that the probability distribution of the particle positions agrees with quantum mechanics at any time. This is not sufficient to avoid contradictions with quantum mechanics. There are correlations between particle positions at different times which cannot be reproduced with real particle trajectories. A simple rearrangement of an experimental test of the Bell-CHSH inequality demonstrates this.
Michael Zirpel
Molecular mechanisms of HIV gp120-induced neurotoxicity
G. and M. Kaul. 2010. Molecular mechanisms of neuroinvasionet al. , 2007). However, the molecular mechanism of p38 MAPKOF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Molecular Mechanisms of HIV gp120-
Medders, Kathryn Elizabeth
Curved mesh generation and mesh refinement using Lagrangian solid mechanics
Nonlinear continuum mechanics for ?nite element analysis,nement using Lagrangian Solid Mechanics Per-Olof Persson ?methods for computational mechanics has been emphasized in
Persson, P.-O.
TEC Working Group Topic Groups Archives Mechanics of Funding...
Mechanics of Funding and Techical Assistance TEC Working Group Topic Groups Archives Mechanics of Funding and Techical Assistance Mechanics of Funding and Techical Assistance Items...
Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US manufacturing ...
Page 1. Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US manufacturing R&D strategies Gregory Tassey ® US Government 2010 ... R&D R&D 30.2% ...
Production mechanisms, number concentration, size distribution...
Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002asl2.441 Meeting Report Production mechanisms, number concentration, size distribution, chemical composition, and...
Mechanical Characterization Using The Instrumented Indentation Test
Abstract Scope, The instrumented indentation test(IIT) is being increasingly used to evaluate mechanical characteristics of materials because of its advantages: itĀ...
High Resolution Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of ...
Presentation Title, High Resolution Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Energy Related Materials. Author(s), Michel L Trudeau, Lisa Rodrigue, RenķĀ...
Investigation of The Anisotropic Mechanical Property Phenomenon ...
... Assessment of a Retired Cast Austentic Stainless Steel Hydrogen Reformer Tube .... The Influence of Nb on the Rare Earth Heavy Rail Steel MechanicalĀ...
Nanoscale Mechanics by Contact Resonance Atomic Force ...
... mechanical tests (eg tensile tests observed inside a ... CR-AFM requires no additional testing device or ... 109, 929, 2009), AlN NTs (Nanotechnology 20 ...
Mechanical Behavior of Tempered Martensitic Steels for ...
Presentation Title, Mechanical Behavior of Tempered Martensitic Steels for Ultrasupercritical Steam Applications. Author(s), Jeffrey A. Hawk, Paul D. Jablonski,Ā...
Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Print Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II), the largest known eukaryotic enzyme that breaks down proteins (a protease), is...
A method of making a mechanically robust, electrically conductive ultralow-density carbon nanotube-based aerogel, including the steps of dispersing nanotubes in an ...
Applications of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Prediction ...
Presentation Title, Applications of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Prediction Technology on CSP Line. Author(s), Wen Tan. On-Site Speaker (
Charge-collection mechanisms of heterostructure FETs
Ion- and laser-induced charge-collection transients measured for AlGaAs/InGaAs heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistors (HIGFETs) reveal evidence for two mechanisms of enhanced charge collection: a channel-modulation mechanism that dominates the charge-collection processes at positive gate biases and can persist for several nanoseconds; and a parasitic bipolar transistor mechanism that shows a sensitive dependence on the density of free carriers injected into the device, and is complete within a few hundred picoseconds. The results reinforce the utility of the laser technique for investigating the charge-collection mechanisms of semiconductor devices.
McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J.S.; Thantu, N.; Campbell, A.B. (Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC (United States)); Weatherford, T.R.; Knudson, A.R.; Tran, L.H. (SFA, Inc., Landover, MD (United States)); Peczalski, A. (Honeywell, Inc., Bloomington, MN (United States))
LANL: Mechanical testing and modeling in MST
MST For information on mechanical testing in MST Division contact: Mark Bourke, firstname.lastname@example.com Materials Science and Technology Division Facility Focus Materials Science and...
Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Nanocrystalline Copper Alloys ...
Presentation Title, Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Nanocrystalline Copper Alloys Produced by High Energy Ball Milling. Author(s), Hamed Bahmanpour, Khaled M.
AEDG Recommendations -- Mechanical Overview | Building Energy...
provides an overview of the mechanical recommendations provided in the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides (30% Series). Estimated Length: 40 minutes Presenters: Paul...
Process Development and Microstructure and Mechanical Property ...
experience a large radial thermal and mechanical loading gradient during operation. .... treatment. Figure 4 shows the predicted temperature profile for the large.
Mechanical Reliability Study on Porous Brittle Materials
Presentation Title, Mechanical Reliability Study on Porous Brittle Materials. Author(s), Xiaofeng Fan, Eldon D Case, Fei Ren, Yutian Shu, Melissa J Baumann .
Modeling and Experimental Validation of Multiscale Mechanical ...
Jul 31, 2012 ... Jonathan Zimmerman, Sandia National Laboratories. Scope, The mechanical behavior of a material has a strong and complex connection to itsĀ...
1.050 Solid Mechanics, Fall 2002
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and methods of structural mechanics. Topics covered include: static equilibrium, force resultants, support conditions, analysis of determinate planar structures ...
Bucciarelli, Louis
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of the Extruded ?-? ...
Presentation Title, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of the Extruded ?-? Duplex Phase Brass Cu-40Zn-Ti Alloy. Author(s), Haruhiko Atsumi, HisashiĀ...
Deformed Geometric Algebra and Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Deforming the algebraic structure of geometric algebra on the phase space with a Moyal product leads naturally to supersymmetric quantum mechanics in the star product formalism.
Peter Henselder
Mechanics of Hierarchical Structures in Bone
We have studied the role of nonbonded interactions between mineral and collagen on collagen mechanics. We have also investigated molecular levelĀ...
Examples of Analyses [Engineering and Structural Mechanics] ...
Analyses Capabilities Engineering Computation and Design Engineering and Structural Mechanics Overview Areas of Application Examples of Analyses SystemsComponent Design,...
Mechanics of Solder Alloy Interconnects - TMS
Feb 12, 2007 ... This book has been developed as a resource to be used in developing a solder joint reliability assessment. Topics include: the mechanics ofĀ...
Argonne CNM Highlight: Mechanical energy dissipation in
Mechanical Energy Dissipation in Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Microresonators Mechanical Energy Dissipation in Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Microresonators SEM micrograph of UNCD microresonator SEM micrograph of fabricated UNCD microresonator Researchers in the Nanofabrication and Devices group, in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania, Advanced Diamond Technologies Inc., and Innovative Micro Technology, have discovered that defects at the grain boundary in ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) hold primary responsibility for the fundamental mechanism of energy dissipation. Because of a high Young's modulus and high sound propagation velocity, UNCD materials hold potential for fabricating high-frequency microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators. However, their mechanical dissipation at high frequency, which is important for developing high-frequency resonator applications, is not
Clean Development Mechanism | Open Energy Information
Development Mechanism Development Mechanism Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Clean Development Mechanism Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Sector: Energy, Land Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Topics: Implementation, Market analysis, Technology characterizations Website: cdm.unfccc.int/about/index.html Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/making-case-carbon-capture-and-storag Policies: Financial Incentives References: CDM[1] This article makes the case for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in developing nations while also addressing some of the barriers to entry and concerns of developing nations regarding adoption of this process.
Analysing the potential for steam savings in TMP mills using the HLMPP tool.
??Thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) mills are large consumers of both steam and electricity. Large energy savings can be achieved through investments in thermal process integrationģ (more)
Michel, GrĶgory
Mechanical Engineering Department 31 October 2011
Department Light Sources Light emitting diode (LED) When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched a p-n junction #12;Mechanical Engineering Department Light Sources Light emitting diode (LED the p-n junction #12;Mechanical Engineering Department Light Sources Light emitting diode (LED) #12
Furlong, Cosme
PERSPECTIVE Quantum Mechanics of Black Holes
PERSPECTIVE Quantum Mechanics of Black Holes Edward Witten The popular conception of black holes reflects the behavior of the massive black holes found by astronomers and described by classical general to understand the behavior of black holes from a quantum mechanical point of view, however, have arrived
A new stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics
The reinterpretation of quantum mechanical formalism in terms of a classical model with a continuous material "$\\Psi$-field" acting upon a point-like particle which is subjected to large friction and random forces is proposed. This model gives a mechanism for sudden "quantum jumps" and provides a simple explanation of "Schr÷dinger Cat" phenomena.
Alicki, R
The reinterpretation of quantum mechanical formalism in terms of a classical model with a continuous material "$\\Psi$-field" acting upon a point-like particle which is subjected to large friction and random forces is proposed. This model gives a mechanism for sudden "quantum jumps" and provides a simple explanation of "Schr\\"odinger Cat" phenomena.
Robert Alicki
Adaptive mechanism design: a metalearning approach
Auction mechanism design has traditionally been a largely analytic process, relying on assumptions such as fully rational bidders. In practice, however, bidders often exhibit unknown and variable behavior, making them difficult to model and complicating ... Keywords: auctions, machine learning, mechanism design, metalearning
David Pardoe; Peter Stone; Maytal Saar-Tsechansky; Kerem Tomak
Quantum Mechanics: Structures, Axioms and Paradoxes
Quantum Mechanics: Structures, Axioms and Paradoxes Diederik Aerts Center Leo Apostel, Brussels present an analysis of quantum mechanics and its problems and para- doxes taking into account the results that have been obtained during the last two decades by investigations in the field of `quantum structures re
Aerts, Diederik
Quantum Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Computation
Quantum Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Computation 22-23 March 2012 Room 111, Jadwin Hall, focused meeting to explore the intersection between quantum statistical mechanics and quantum computation, specifically quantum complexity theory. Advances in complexity theory have interesting implications for physics
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT MANUAL Department of Mechanical Engineering
, and motions of solid bodies and fluids, heat generation and transport, and applications to analysis, design: Dynamics MEAM 247 MEAM Lab I ┬Ł Fall MEAM 247 MEAM Lab I ┬Ł Spring MEAM 302 Fluid Mechanics MEAM 321 Energy and Its Impacts Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics MEAM 435/545 Aerodynamics MEAM 513, ESE 406
Plotkin, Joshua B.
Scaling the RMG quantum mechanics code
In this paper, we describe parallelization and optimizations of the RMG quantum mechanics code to achieve scaling to over a hundred thousand cores. The parallelization uses a combination of message passing and threads. Further speedups have been attained ... Keywords: nanoscience, nanotechnology, performance analysis, quantum mechanics, scalability
Shirley Moore; Emil Briggs; Miroslav Hodak; Wenchang Lu; Jerry Bernholc; Chee-Wai Lee
Enhancement of mechanical properties of 123 superconductors
A composition and method of preparing YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x superconductor. Addition of tin oxide containing compounds to YBCO superconductors results in substantial improvement of fracture toughness and other mechanical properties without affect on T.sub.c. About 5-20% additions give rise to substantially improved mechanical properties.
Balachandran, Uthamalingam (Hinsdale, IL)
A composition and method are disclosed of preparing YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}x} superconductor. Addition of tin oxide containing compounds to YBCO superconductors results in substantial improvement of fracture toughness and other mechanical properties without affect on T{sub c}. About 5-20% additions give rise to substantially improved mechanical properties.
Balachandran, U.
Generative mechanisms for innovation in information infrastructures
This paper investigates innovation in information infrastructures. The research question is, how can an information infrastructure provide generative mechanisms for innovation of ICT-based services? Building on a critical realist approach, the empirical ... Keywords: Case study, Generative mechanism, Information infrastructure, Innovation
Bendik Bygstad
Four-dimensional understanding of quantum mechanics
In this paper I will try to convince that quantum mechanics does not have to lead to indeterminism, but is just a natural consequence of four-dimensional nature of our world - that for example particles shouldn't be imagined as 'moving points' in space, but as their trajectories in the spacetime like in optimizing action formulation of Lagrangian mechanics. There will be analyzed simplified model - Boltzmann distribution among trajectories occurs to give quantum mechanic like behavior - for example electron moving in proton's potential would make some concrete trajectory which average exactly to the probability distribution of the quantum mechanical ground state. We will use this model to build intuition about quantum mechanics and discuss its generalizations to get some effective approximation of physics. We will see that topological excitations of the simplest model obtained this way already creates known from physics particle structure, their decay modes and electromagnetic/gravitational interactions between them.
Jarek Duda
Basic mechanisms for the new millennium
This part of the Short Course will review the basic mechanisms for radiation effects in semiconductor devices. All three areas of radiation damage will be considered -- total dose, displacement effects, and single event effects. Each of these areas will be discussed in turn. First an overview and background will be provided on the historical understanding of the damage mechanism. Then there will be a discussion of recent enhancements to the understanding of those mechanisms and an up-to-date picture provided of the current state of knowledge. Next the potential impact of each of these damage mechanisms on devices in emerging technologies and how the mechanisms may be used to understand device performance will be described, with an emphasis on those likely to be of importance in the new millennium. Finally some additional thoughts will be presented on how device scaling expected into the next century may impact radiation hardness.
Dressendorfer, P.V.
Engineering and Structural Mechanics - Nuclear Engineering Division
Engineering and Structural Mechanics Engineering and Structural Mechanics Capabilities Engineering Computation and Design Engineering and Structural Mechanics Overview Areas of Application Examples of Analyses Systems/Component Design, Engineering and Drafting Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Multi-physics Reactor Performance and Safety Simulations Other Capabilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Engineering and Structural Mechanics Bookmark and Share Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Structure using the NEPTUNE Finite Element Code Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Structure using the NEPTUNE Finite Element Code. Depicted are Cracks in the Concrete Surface due to an Internal Pressurization. Click on image to view larger image.
Bhomian Mechanics vs. Standard Quantum Mechanics: a Difference in Experimental Predictions
Standard Quantum Mechanics (QM) predicts an anti-intuitive fenomenon here referred to as "quantum autoscattering", which is excluded by Bhomian Mechanics. The scheme of a gedanken experiment testing the QM prediction is briefly discussed.
Artur Szczepanski
Apparatus for loading shape memory gripper mechanisms
A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SM material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Schumann, Daniel L. (Concord, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Pleasanton, CA); Fitch, Joseph P. (Livermore, CA)
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS [published as a section of the article on MECHANICS in the 1993 printing of the
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS [published as a section of the article on MECHANICS in the 1993 printing INTRODUCTION The application of the principles of mechanics to bulk matter is conventionally divided into the mechanics of fluids and the mechanics of solids. The entire subject is often called continuum mechanics
Canonical distribution and incompleteness of quantum mechanics
The paper discusses the physical groundlessness of the models used for the derivation of canonical distribution and provides the experimental data demonstrating the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. The possibility of using statistical ensembles is presented as a consequence of the existence of probabilistic processes which are not accounted for by quantum mechanics. The paper provides a new analytical derivation of canonical distribution for macrosystems which takes into account subquantum processes. The paper discusses the possibility of the experimental study of a probability which is beyond quantum mechanics.
V. A. Skrebnev
Exploring the mechanisms of protein folding
Neither of the two prevalent theories, namely thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability, provides a comprehensive understanding of protein folding. The thermodynamic theory is misleading because it assumes that free energy is the exclusive dominant mechanism of protein folding, and attributes the structural transition from one characteristic state to another to energy barriers. Conversely, the concept of kinetic stability overemphasizes dominant mechanisms that are related to kinetic factors. This article explores the stability condition of protein structures from the viewpoint of meso-science, paying attention to the compromise in the competition between minimum free energy and other dominant mechanisms. Based on our study of complex systems, we propose that protein folding is a meso-scale, dissipative, nonlinear and non-equilibrium process that is dominated by the compromise between free energy and other dominant mechanisms such as environmental factors. Consequently, a protein shows dynamic structures,...
Xu, Ji; Ren, Ying; Li, Jinghai
Mechanical energy storage in carbon nanotube springs
Energy storage in mechanical springs made of carbon nanotubes is a promising new technology. Springs made of dense, ordered arrays of carbon nanotubes have the potential to surpass both the energy density of electrochemical ...
Hill, Frances Ann
Multiscale Mapping of Mechanical Properties by Instrumented ...
Design of Pre-Weakening and Evaluation of Structural Safety for Explosive ... Crystallization Temperature of Pd-Cu-Si System Using Integrated Thin Film Samples ... Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminium Welds after Manual and AutomaticĀ...
Alignment mirror mechanisms for space use
The paper describes an optical Alignment Mirror Mechanism (AMM), and discusses its control scheme. The mirror's angular positioning accuracy requirement is ▒ 0.2 arc-sec. This requires the mirror's linear positioning actuators to have a positioning accuracy ...
Bruno M. Jau; Colin M. McKinney; Robert F. Smythe; Dean Palmer
066 Synthesis, Shaped and Mechanical Properties of ...
053 Polymer-Derived Mesoporous SiOC/ZnO Nanocomposite for Water Decontamination ... 064 Synthesis and Study of the Chemical Interaction of Strontium .... 163 The Mechanism of Metallic Iron Aggregation and Effect of Addition Agent onĀ...
Climatology of Cyclogenesis Mechanisms in the Mediterranean
A general climatology of the main mechanisms involved in Mediterranean cyclogenesis is presented. A diagnostic study of both composite means and case studies is performed to analyze processes occurring in different seasons, and in different ...
Isabel F. Trigo; Grant R. Bigg; Trevor D. Davies
Loss mechanisms in turbine tip clearance flows
Numerical simulations of tip clearance ow have been carried out to dene the loss generation mechanisms associated with tip leakage in unshrouded axial turbines. Mix- ing loss between the leakage, which takes the form of a ...
Huang, Arthur (Arthur C.)
Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials II
Feb 16, 2010 ... Bone has high fracture resistance because of its capability to .... and that these mechanisms are most active within the inner enamel. .... higher proliferation, and well spreading morphology in relation to pure chitosan scaffold.
Enhanced Mechanical Response of Hierarchical Mg Nano ...
Presentation Title, Enhanced Mechanical Response of Hierarchical Mg ... to the activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at high temperature. ... of Nanostructured AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Under Oil-Lubricated Conditions.
Natural vs. mechanical ventilation and cooling.
cant and well-docu- mented. ASHRAE Standard 55 prescribes aless comfortable. ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 includes an ōadap-and standards, includ- ing ASHRAE Standard 90.1. Mechanical
Brager, Gail; Alspach, Peter; Nall, Daniel H.
Logical Control Theory Applied to Mechanical Arms
A new control algorithm based upon Logical Control Theory is developed for mechanical manipulators. The controller uses discrete tesselations of state space and a finite set of fixed torques to regulate non-rehearsed ...
Pankiewicz, Ronald Joseph
Tidal Diffusivity: A Mechanism for Frontogenesis
It is hypothesized that tidal mixing may provide a ōdiffusivityö mechanism for frontogenesis. It stems from the fact that tidal diffusivity varies in the opposite sense from the water depth, so the vertically integrated diffusivity may exhibit a ...
Hsien-Wang Ou; Chang-Ming Dong; Dake Chen
Circulation Mechanisms of Kenya Rainfall Anomalies
Expanding earlier studies on the boreal spring and autumn rainy seasons in equatorial East Africa, pending challenges on the mechanisms of rainfall variability, are investigated. Eastward pressure gradient and slack south Indian Ocean trade winds ...
Stefan Hastenrath; Dierk Polzin; Charles Mutai
Micromechanical actuators for insect flight mechanics
This project aims to develop MEMS actuators to aid in the study of insect flight mechanics. Specifically, we are developing actuators that can stimulate the antennae of the crepuscular hawk moth Manduca Sexta. The possible ...
Zhou, Hui, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mechanical Properties and Dispersion Characteristics of Aluminum ...
... diameter between 8-15 nm, 20-30 nm, 30-50 nm and >50 nm as mentioned by the supplier. ... Bonding and Mechanical Testing of 3D Woven Lattice Material.
Development of a Mechanics Reasoning Inventory
Strategic knowledge is required to appropriately organize procedures and concepts to solve problems. We are developing a standardized instrument assessing strategic knowledge in the domain of introductory mechanics. This ...
Pawl, Andrew
Document image collection using Amazon's Mechanical Turk
We present findings from a collaborative effort aimed at testing the feasibility of using Amazon's Mechanical Turk as a data collection platform to build a corpus of document images. Experimental design and implementation workflow are described. Preliminary ...
Audrey Le; Jerome Ajot; Mark Przybocki; Stephanie Strassel
Database of Mechanical Properties for Textile Composites
This report describes the approach followed to develop a database for mechanical properties of textile composites. The data in this database is assembled from NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) programs and from data in the public domain. This ...
Delbrey J.
Mechanics Methodology for Textile Preform Composite Materials
NASA and its contractors have completed a program to develop a basic mechanics underpinning for textile composites. Three major deliverables were produced by the program: (1.) a set of test methods for measuring material properties and design allowables, ...
Jr Clarence C. Poe
Micronutrients and Health: Molecular Biological Mechanisms
This book contains papers presented at a workshop on micronutrients and health held in 2000. Micronutrients and Health: Molecular Biological Mechanisms Health acid analysis aocs april articles chloropropanediol contaminants detergents dietary fats divisi
Errors and paradoxes in quantum mechanics
Errors and paradoxes in quantum mechanics, entry in the Compendium of Quantum Physics: Concepts, Experiments, History and Philosophy, ed. F. Weinert, K. Hentschel, D. Greenberger and B. Falkenburg (Springer), to appear
D. Rohrlich
Lawrence E. Carlson Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Education, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pp. 31-33. Solar Stirling Engine 2Cam Rock Climbing Rooftop Bike Rack Drywall Screw Gun A Better Buckle #12;DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURABILITY The Course
Carlson, Lawrence E.
Access Control: Policies, Models, and Mechanisms
Access control is the process of mediating every request to resources and data maintained by a system and determining whether the request should be granted or denied. The access control decision is enforced by a mechanism implementing regulations established ...
Pierangela Samarati; Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati
Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline | Open Energy Information
Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline Agency/Company /Organization: UNEP-Risoe Centre, United Nations Environment Programme Sector: Energy, Land Topics: Finance, Implementation, Background analysis Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.cdmpipeline.org/overview.htm Clean Development Mechanism Pipeline Screenshot References: CDM Pipeline[1] Overview "The CDM/JI Pipeline Analysis and Database contains all CDM/JI projects that have been sent for validation/determination. It also contains the baseline & monitoring methodologies, a list of DOEs and several analyses. This monthly newsletter shows a sample of the analysis in the Pipeline. If you want more information, then look into the left column and click on the
Nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics and thermodynamics
The purpose of this work is to discuss recent progress in deriving the fundamental laws of thermodynamics (0th, 1st and 2nd-law) from nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. Basic thermodynamic notions are clarified and different reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes are studied from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics. Special emphasis is put on new adiabatic theorems for steady states close to and far from equilibrium, and on investigating cyclic thermodynamic processes using an extension of Floquet theory.
Walid K. Abou Salem
Mechanical Cutting of Irradiated Reactor Internal Components
This paper discusses the use of mechanical cutting methods to volume reduce and package irradiated reactor internal components. The recent completion of the removal of the Reactor Vessel Internals (RVI) from within the Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant demonstrates that unlike previous methods used for similar projects, mechanical cutting minimizes exposure to workers, costly water cleanup, and excessive secondary waste generation. (authors)
Anderson, M.G.; Fennema, J.A. [MOTA Corporation, West Columbia, SC (United States)
Key Physical Mechanisms in Nanostructured Solar Cells
The objective of the project was to study both theoretically and experimentally the excitation, recombination and transport properties required for nanostructured solar cells to deliver energy conversion efficiencies well in excess of conventional limits. These objectives were met by concentrating on three key areas, namely, investigation of physical mechanisms present in nanostructured solar cells, characterization of loss mechanisms in nanostructured solar cells and determining the properties required of nanostructured solar cells in order to achieve high efficiency and the design implications.
Dr Stephan Bremner
Reference Poster: Turbine Bearing Damage Mechanisms
Damage to turbine and generator bearings accounts for a significant amount of lost generation in the power industry. There are numerous known damage mechanisms affecting these bearings, and as part of EPRIÆs technology transfer efforts, we have developed a reference poster. This poster provides clear, concise, and visual information for a wide variety of mechanisms and is meant to supplement related EPRI projects. By providing an overview of various issues as well as information on how to ...
Shut-off mechanism for ventilation hose
A shut-off mechanism to provide automatic closure of a ventilation hose when the operation of drawing air through the hose is terminated. The mechanism includes a tube of light gauge metal inside of which are mounted a plurality of louver doors positioned in the closed position due to gravity when the ventilation unit is not operational. When the unit is operational, air flowing into the unit maintains the doors in the open position. 5 figs.
Huyett, J.D.; Meskanick, G.R.
Remote controlled vacuum joint closure mechanism
A remotely operable and maintainable vacuum joint closure mechanism for a noncircular aperture is disclosed. The closure mechanism includes an extendible bellows coupled at one end to a noncircular duct and at its other end to a flange assembly having sealed grooves for establishing a high vacuum seal with the abutting surface of a facing flange which includes an aperture forming part of the system to be evacuated. A plurality of generally linear arrangements of pivotally coupled linkages and piston combinations are mounted around the outer surface of the duct and aligned along the length thereof. Each of the piston/linkage assemblies is adapted to engage the flange assembly by means of a respective piston and is further coupled to a remote controlled piston drive shaft to permit each of the linkages positioned on a respective flat outer surface of the duct to simultaneously and uniformly displace a corresponding piston and the flange assembly with which it is in contact along the length of the duct in extending the bellows to provide a high vacuum seal between the movable flange and the facing flange. A plurality of latch mechanisms are also pivotally mounted on the outside of the duct. A first end of each of the latch mechanisms is coupled to a remotely controlled latch control shaft for displacing the latch mechanism about its pivot point. In response to the pivoting displacement of the latch mechanism, a second end thereof is displaced so as to securely engage the facing flange.
Doll, David W. (San Diego, CA); Hager, E. Randolph (La Jolla, CA)
Background Independent Quantum Mechanics, Classical Geometric Forms and Geometric Quantum Mechanics-II
The geometry of Quantum Mechanics in the context of uncertainty and complementarity, and probability is explored. We extend the discussion of geometry of uncertainty relations in wider perspective. Also, we discuss the geometry of probability in Quantum Mechanics and its interpretations. We give yet another interpretation to the notion of Faraday lines and loops as the locus of probability flow. Also, the possibilities of visualization of spectra of area operators by means of classical geometric forms and conventional Quantum Mechanics are explored.
Aalok Pandya
Background Independent Quantum Mechanics, Classical Geometric Forms and Geometric Quantum Mechanics-I
The geometry of the symplectic structures and Fubini-Study metric is discussed. Discussion in the paper addresses geometry of Quantum Mechanics in the classical phase space. Also, geometry of Quantum Mechanics in the projective Hilbert space has been discussed for the chosen Quantum states. Since the theory of classical gravity is basically geometric in nature and Quantum Mechanics is in no way devoid of geometry, the explorations pertaining to more and more geometry in Quantum Mechanics could prove to be valuable for larger objectives such as understanding of gravity.
Structure Illuminates Mechanism of Fungal Polyketide Cyclization
Structure Illuminates Mechanism Structure Illuminates Mechanism of Fungal Polyketide Cyclization Structure Illuminates Mechanism of Fungal Polyketide Cyclization Print Wednesday, 31 March 2010 00:00 Polyketide natural products produced by bacteria and fungi are often characterized by the presence of multiple aromatic rings that are responsible for the activity of polyketides as both beneficial antibiotic and anticancer agents and as dangerous toxic compounds, such as the highly carcinogenic aflatoxins that are produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus family of molds. Polyketide ring formation by fungal enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKSs) is mediated by the enzyme's product template (PT) domain. However, the mechanism for aromatic ring formation from a linear intermediate with high fidelity has remained unclear. To reveal the cyclization mechanism, researchers at the University of California, Irvine, and The Johns Hopkins University solved the structure of the isolated PT domain of the PKS involved in aflatoxin production (PksA) to 1.8 ├ģ using data from ALS Beamline 8.2.2 and SSRL Beamline 9-1. The crystal structure, along with biochemical studies, provides a paradigm for polyketide cyclization by fungal PKSs, an event that is necessary for imparting biological activity to this large class of clinically relevant natural products.
Cost Mechanisms | OpenEI Community
Cost Mechanisms Cost Mechanisms Home Kyoung's picture Submitted by Kyoung(155) Contributor 9 July, 2013 - 20:57 GRR 3rd Quarter - Stakeholder Update Meeting Alaska analysis appropriations Categorical Exclusions Coordinating Permit Office Cost Mechanisms Cost Recovery geothermal Hawaii NEPA permitting quarterly meeting White Papers On June 26th, we held the 3rd Quarter GRR Stakeholder Update at the Grand Sierra Resort in Reno, NV. The meeting was well-attended with over 40 attendees, including in-person and webinar attendance. Thanks to all who attended! Files: application/pdf icon Presentation: 3rd Quarterly Stakeholder Update Meeting application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation icon Mock-up: GRR Permitting Wizard Interface Kyoung's picture Submitted by Kyoung(155)
A symmetrical theory of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics
This paper presents a new Symmetrical Theory (ST) of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics which postulates: quantum mechanics is a theory about complete experiments, not particles; a complete experiment is maximally described by a complex transition amplitude density; and this transition amplitude density never collapses. This new ST is compared to the Conventional Theory (CT) of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics for the analysis of a beam-splitter experiment. The ST makes several experimentally testable predictions that differ from the CT, which can be checked using existing technology. The ST also solves one part of the CT measurement problem, and resolves some of the paradoxes of the CT. This nonrelativistic ST is the low energy limit of a relativistic ST presented in an earlier paper \\cite{Heaney1}.
Michael B. Heaney
A new introductory quantum mechanics curriculum
The Institute of Physics New Quantum Curriculum consists of freely available online learning and teaching materials (quantumphysics.iop.org) for a first course in university quantum mechanics starting from two-level systems. This approach immediately immerses students in inherently quantum mechanical aspects by focusing on experiments that have no classical explanation. It allows from the start a discussion of interpretive aspects of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. This article gives an overview of the resources available at the IOP website. The core text is presented as around 80 articles co-authored by leading experts that are arranged in themes and can be used flexibly to provide a range of alternative approaches. Many of the articles include interactive simulations with accompanying activities and problem sets that can be explored by students to enhance their understanding. Much of the linear algebra needed for this approach is part of the resource. Solutions to activities are available ...
Kohnle, Antje; Browne, Dan; Everitt, Mark; Fomins, Aleksejs; Kok, Pieter; Kulaitis, Gytis; Prokopas, Martynas; Raine, Derek; Swinbank, Elizabeth
Full Nexus between Newtonian and Relativistic Mechanics
A full nexus between Newtonian and relativistic mechanics is set. Contrarily to what is commonly thought, Newtonian mechanics can be amended to suit all speeds up to c. It is demonstrated that when introducing the fact that the pulse of oscillators, i.e. emitters and clocks, is sensitive to speed, the Newtonian framework can be extended to all speeds. For this aim, it is formulated the concept of actor scenario vs. observer scenario. This differentiation is essential to avoid confusion between effective reality (actor scenario) and appearance (observer scenario). Measurements are subjected to kinematical aberrations, the observer scenario being inertial. These must be removed to attain intrinsic reality, i.e. that of actors. The lack of demarcation between the two scenarios leads to conceptual confusions. The amended Newtonian mechanics is of full application. Here, it has been mainly applied to the Newtonian Doppler effect, amended to suit all speeds.
G. Sardin
A molecular mechanics force field for lignin
Molecular Molecular Mechanics Force Field for Lignin LOUKAS PETRIDIS, JEREMY C. SMITH Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 Received 14 February 2008; Revised 8 May 2008; Accepted 12 June 2008 DOI 10.1002/jcc.21075 Published online 1 August 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). Abstract: A CHARMM molecular mechanics force field for lignin is derived. Parameterization is based on reproducing quantum mechanical data of model compounds. Partial atomic charges are derived using the RESP electrostatic potential fitting method supplemented by the examination of methoxybenzene:water interactions. Dihedral parameters are optimized by fitting to critical rotational potentials and bonded parameters are obtained by optimizing vibrational frequencies and normal modes. Finally, the force field is validated
Pontchartrain Mechanical Company | Open Energy Information
Pontchartrain Mechanical Company Pontchartrain Mechanical Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Pontchartrain Mechanical Company Address 716 Little Farms Ave. Place Metairie, Louisiana Zip 70003 Sector Renewable Energy Year founded 1972 Number of employees 51-200 Company Type For Profit Phone number 504 738 3061 Website http://pontmech.com Coordinates 29.974871742854┬░, -90.215939283371┬░ Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.974871742854,"lon":-90.215939283371,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Giant Protease TPP II's Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Print Wednesday, 23 February 2011 00:00 Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II), the largest known eukaryotic enzyme that breaks down proteins (a protease), is implicated in numerous cellular processes including the degradation of the endogenous satiety agent cholecystokinin-8, making TPP II a target in the treatment of obesity. To gain insight into this molecular machine's mechanisms of activation and proteolysis, researchers from Berkeley Lab, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry combined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography at ALS Beamline 8.2.2. Treating Obesity with Satiety
Cell¢Matrix De-Adhesion Dynamics Reflect Contractile Mechanics
and extracellular matrix mechanics. Biophys. J. 90(10):3762¢Radmacher, M. Studying the mechanics of cellular pro- cessesD. A. Hammer. The dynamics and mechanics of endothelial cell
Sen, Shamik; Kumar, Sanjay
The purpose of this work is to discuss recent progress in deriving the fundamental laws of thermodynamics (0 th, 1 st and 2 nd-law) from nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. Basic thermodynamic notions are clarified and different reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes are studied from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics. Special emphasis is put on new adiabatic theorems for steady states close to and far from equilibrium, and on investigating cyclic thermodynamic processes using an extension of Floquet theory. This work is based on the authorÆs doctoral thesis, ETH-Diss 16187.
Surveying StudentsÆ Understanding of Quantum Mechanics
Development of research?based multiple?choice tests about quantum mechanics is important for assessing studentsÆ difficulties and for evaluating curricula and pedagogies that strive to reduce the difficulties. We explore the difficulties that the undergraduate and graduate students have with non?relativistic quantum mechanics of one particle in one spatial dimension. We developed a research?based conceptual multiple?choice survey that targets these issues to obtain information about the common difficulties and administered it to more than a hundred students from seven different institutions. The issues targeted in the survey include the set of possible wavefunctions
Chandralekha Singh; Guangtian Zhu
NIF PEPC Mechanical Test Stand Safety Note
The NIF PEPC Mechanical Test Stand is to be used in the building 432. Building 432 is being used to test components and processes for NIF. The test stand is to be bolted to the floor. The test stand provides a platform from which the PEPC kinematic repeatability and vibrational characteristics of the PEPC LRU can be tested. The test stand will allow user access to the LRU to install instrumentation and to make adjustments to the kinematics. The mechanical test stand is designed to hold the 1700 lb. PEPC LRU.
Trent, J W
The mechanical control of nervous system development
., Sweedler, J. V. and Saif, T. A. (2012) 'Mechanical tension modulates local and global vesicle dynamics in neurons', Cell Mol Bioeng 5(2): 155-164. Amin, L., Ercolini, E., Shahapure, R., Migliorini, E. and Torre, V. (2012) 'The role of membrane stiffness... and actin turnover on the force exerted by DRG lamellipodia', Biophys J 102(11): 2451-60. Anava, S., Greenbaum, A., Ben Jacob, E., Hanein, Y. and Ayali, A. (2009) 'The regulative role of neurite mechanical tension in network development', Biophys J 96...
Franze, Kristian
Statistical Mechanics Model for Protein Folding
We present a novel statistical mechanics formalism for the theoretical description of the process of protein folding$\\leftrightarrow$unfolding transition in water environment. The formalism is based on the construction of the partition function of a protein obeying two-stage-like folding kinetics. Using the statistical mechanics model of solvation of hydrophobic hydrocarbons we obtain the partition function of infinitely diluted solution of proteins in water environment. The calculated dependencies of the protein heat capacities upon temperature are compared with the corresponding results of experimental measurements for staphylococcal nuclease and metmyoglobin.
Yakubovich, A V; Greiner, W
A CHARMM molecular mechanics force field for lignin is derived. Parameterization is based on reproducing quantum mechanical data of model compounds. Partial atomic charges are derived using the RESP electrostatic potential fitting method supplemented by the examination of methoxybenzene:water interactions. Dihedral parameters are optimized by fitting to critical rotational potentials and bonded parameters are obtained by optimizing vibrational frequencies and normal modes. Finally, the force field is validated by performing a molecular dynamics simulation of a crystal of a lignin fragment molecule and comparing simulation-derived structural features with experimental results. Together with the existing force field for polysaccharides, this lignin force field will enable full simulations of lignocellulose.
Petridis, Loukas [ORNL; Smith, Jeremy C [ORNL
Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
We have known for more than thirty years that black holes behave as thermodynamic systems, radiating as black bodies with characteristic temperatures and entropies. This behavior is not only interesting in its own right; it could also, through a statistical mechanical description, cast light on some of the deep problems of quantizing gravity. In these lectures, I review what we currently know about black hole thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, suggest a rather speculative "universal" characterization of the underlying states, and describe some key open questions.
Steven Carlip
Nonlinear mechanics of thermoreversibly associating dendrimer glasses
We model the mechanics of associating trivalent dendrimer network glasses with a focus on their energy dissipation properties. Various combinations of sticky bond (SB) strength and kinetics are employed. The toughness (work-to-fracture) of these systems displays a surprising deformation-protocol dependence; different association parameters optimize different properties. In particular, "strong, slow" SBs optimize strength, while "weak, fast" SBs optimize ductility via self-healing during deformation. We relate these observations to breaking, reformation, and partner-switching of SBs during deformation. These studies point the way to creating associating-polymer network glasses with tailorable mechanical properties.
Arvind Srikanth; Robert S. Hoy; Berend C. Rinderspacher; Jan W. Andzelm
Design and simulation of a unique signal mechanism
The design and operation of an unique signal mechanism is described. The mechanism remains locked until a unique signal sequence is inserted and then the mechanism moves to an enable position. An erroneous pattern causes the mechanism to lock requiring manual reset. The dynamic performance of the mechanism is evaluated using Sandia's Mechanism Simulation and Analysis Program. The simulation results are compared to experimental data.
Erickson, P.A.; Ferguson, G.M.; Kenderdine, E.W.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of AL/ ?-Al12Mg17 ...
Symposium, Advances in Mechanics of One-Dimensional Micro/Nano Materials. Presentation Title, Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of AL/ ?-Al12Mg17Ā...
Engineering Fundamentals - Mechanical Engineering Topics, Version 4.0
The Mechanical Engineering module covers basic terms and concepts of mechanical engineering and discusses their applications in nuclear power plants. This course will ...
Dynamic Reduction of a CH4/Air Chemical Mechanism Appropriate...
Dynamic Reduction of a CH4Air Chemical Mechanism Appropriate for Investigating Vortex Flame Interactions Title Dynamic Reduction of a CH4Air Chemical Mechanism Appropriate for...
Effect of Brazing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical ...
J10: Mechanical Properties and Welding Conditions of Monopile and Transition for Offshore Wind Plant Ę J12: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ofĀ...
National Strategy Study on the Clean Development Mechanism in...
on the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia Jump to: navigation, search Name National Strategy Study on the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia AgencyCompany...
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: Fuel Cell Water Transport Mechanism
Water Transport Mechanism Project Summary Full Title: Neutron Imaging Study of the Water Transport Mechanism in a Working Fuel Cell Project ID: 183 Principal Investigator: Muhammad...
A Study of the Mechanism of Surface Structural Disordering in...
A Study of the Mechanism of Surface Structural Disordering in Graphite upon Lithium IntercalationDeintercalation Title A Study of the Mechanism of Surface Structural Disordering...
Effects of Cooling Rate and Mechanical Shock Impact on the ...
Abstract Scope, The effects of cooling rates and mechanical shock on the ... Current-induced Electrical-thermal-mechanical Responses of Cu Strips.
Coupled Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical Processes in Salt, Hot...
Coupled Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical Processes in Salt, Hot Granular Salt Consolidation, Constitutive Model and Micromechanics Coupled Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical Processes...
Decoupling: Mechanics and Issues, Presentation to the New Mexico...
Decoupling: Mechanics and Issues, Presentation to the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission Energy Efficiency Incentives Workshop Decoupling: Mechanics and Issues, Presentation...
Event:WBI-Clean Development Mechanism Programme of Activities...
WBI-Clean Development Mechanism Programme of Activities: Challenges and Opportunities Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png WBI-Clean Development Mechanism Programme of...
Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board CDM EB | Open Energy...
Mechanism Executive Board CDM EB Jump to: navigation, search Name Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board (CDM EB) Place Bonn, Germany Zip D-53175 Product The CDM EB supervises...
2.4 CONTINUUM MECHANICS (SOLIDS) In this introduction to continuum mechanics we consider the basic equations describing the physical
243 ┬¦2.4 CONTINUUM MECHANICS (SOLIDS) In this introduction to continuum mechanics we consider to simplify the constitutive equations for elasticity. We begin our study of continuum mechanics
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Structure Illuminates Mechanism of Fungal Polyketide Cyclization Print Structure Illuminates Mechanism of Fungal Polyketide Cyclization Print Polyketide natural products produced by bacteria and fungi are often characterized by the presence of multiple aromatic rings that are responsible for the activity of polyketides as both beneficial antibiotic and anticancer agents and as dangerous toxic compounds, such as the highly carcinogenic aflatoxins that are produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus family of molds. Polyketide ring formation by fungal enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKSs) is mediated by the enzyme's product template (PT) domain. However, the mechanism for aromatic ring formation from a linear intermediate with high fidelity has remained unclear. To reveal the cyclization mechanism, researchers at the University of California, Irvine, and The Johns Hopkins University solved the structure of the isolated PT domain of the PKS involved in aflatoxin production (PksA) to 1.8 ├ģ using data from ALS Beamline 8.2.2 and SSRL Beamline 9-1. The crystal structure, along with biochemical studies, provides a paradigm for polyketide cyclization by fungal PKSs, an event that is necessary for imparting biological activity to this large class of clinically relevant natural products.
A new two-party bargaining mechanism
If resources and facilities from different partners need to be engaged for a large-scale project with a huge number of tasks, any of which is indivisible, decision on the number of tasks assigned to any collaborating partner often requires a certain ... Keywords: Balance, Bargaining mechanism, Bargaining model, Bargaining solution set, Project
Y. H. Gu; M. Goh; Q. L. Chen; R. D. Souza; G. C. Tang
Wind Turbines Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
Wind Turbines Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Objective ┬Ę Introduce students to the concept of alternative energy. ┬Ę Explain the math and scientific principles behind engineering wind turbines. Standards and how it applies to wind energy ┬Ę About how surface area and shape effects wind turbine efficiency
Provancher, William
Damper mechanism for nuclear reactor control elements
A damper mechanism which provides a nuclear reactor control element decelerating function at the end of the scram stroke. The total damping function is produced by the combination of two assemblies, which operate in sequence. First, a tapered dashram assembly decelerates the control element to a lower velocity, after which a spring hydraulic damper assembly takes over to complete the final damping.
Taft, William Elwood (Los Gatos, CA)
Direct neutron capture and related mechanisms
We consider the evidence for the role of direct and related mechanisms in neutron capture at low and medium energies. Firstly, we compare the experimental data on the thermal neutron cross sections for El transitions in light nuclei with careful estimates of direct capture. Over the full range of light nuclei with small cross sections direct capture is found to be the predominant mechanism, in some cases being remarkable accurate, but in a few showing evidence for collective effects. When resonance effects become substantial there is evidence for an important contribution from the closely related valence mechanism, but full agreement with the data in such cases appears to require the introduction of a more generalised valence model. The possibility of direct and valence mechanisms playing a role in M1 capture is studied, and it is concluded that in light nuclei at relatively low gamma ray energies, it does indeed play some role. In heavier nuclei it appears that the evidence, especially from the correlations between E1 and M1 transitions to the same final states, favours the hypothesis that the main transition strength is governed by the M1 giant resonance. 31 refs., 2 tabs.
Lynn, J.E. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA)); Raman, S. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
Intelligence and embodiment: A statistical mechanics approach
Evolutionary neuroscience has been mainly dominated by the principle of phylogenetic conservation, specifically, by the search for similarities in brain organization. This principle states that closely related species tend to be similar because they ... Keywords: Embodiment, Intelligence, Movement primitives, Phylogenetic conservation principle, Statistical mechanics
Alejandro Chinea; Elka Korutcheva
Harvesting mechanical energy for ambient intelligent devices
This paper deals with mechanical energy harvesters, power management and energy storage devices as important building blocks for wireless autonomous sensor networks. The basic task of the harvester is to convert vibrational into electrical energy. As ... Keywords: Electromagnetic, Electrostatic, Energy harvester, Energy storage, Impedance matching, Piezoelectric, Power management
Bert Op Het Veld; Dennis Hohlfeld; Valer Pop
Quantum Mechanics Dung-Hai Lee
Quantum Mechanics Dung-Hai Lee Summer 2000 #12;Contents 1 A brief reminder of linear Algebra 3 1.5 Bell's inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 Quantum dynamics 23 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.12 Classical approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.13 Quantum statistical
Quantum Mechanics and Multiply Connected Spaces
t is well known that the difference between Quantum Mechanics and Classical Theory appears most crucially in the non Classical spin half of the former theory and the Wilson-Sommerfelt quantization rule. We argue that this is symptomatic of the fact that Quantum Theory is actually a theory in multiply connected space while Classical Theory operates in simply connected space.
B. G. Sidharth
Refinement and Testing of Mechanical Cleaners
President Curry Seed and Chile Co. Robert Flynn Soil Scientist NMSU's Extension Plant Sciences Lupe Garcia. No mechanical sorter/cleaner to date has been capable of cleaning all types of chile harvested throughout and shorter than chile pods. It then would evaluate according to diameter. The sorter would reject anything
Castillo, Steven P.
Synthesis of molybdenum disilicide by mechanical alloying
We have used mechanical alloying (MA), a high-energy ball-milling process, to prepare MoSi{sub 2} and MoSi{sub 2}-based alloys starting from mixtures of the pure elements. This synthesis route has the potential for preparing oxygen-free MoSi{sub 2} and the flexibility for close control of second-phase additions. MA, first developed for producing oxide-dispersions in Ni-based superalloys, takes advantage of the atomic-level mixing accomplished by the intense mechanical working of the alloy constituents. All the alloying reactions during the process occur in the solid-state. This technique is thus well-suited for synthesizing high melting point materials such as MoSi{sub 2}. The product of the MA process is a highly homogeneous and fine-grained powder. Its purity is determined by the purity of the starting materials and possible impurities introduced during processing. However, a careful control of the MA process enables a minimization of the impurities. We also report here the consolidation of the mechanically alloyed powder and the characterization of the MoSi{sub 2} alloys by optical and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and mechanical property measurements. 21 refs., 9 figs.
Schwarz, R.B.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Petrovic, J.J.; Maggiore, C.J.
Paraffin Polydispersity Facilitates Mechanical Gelation Kristofer Paso,
climates or subsea producing fields. When the temperature of a crude oil or gas condensate fluid drops. Sastry, and H. Scott Fogler*, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Sastry, Ann Marie
Nonperturbative unitarity of the gravitational Higgs mechanism
In this paper, we discuss massive gravity in Minkowski space via the gravitational Higgs mechanism, which provides a nonperturbative definition thereof. Using this nonperturbative definition, we address the issue of unitarity by studying the full nonlinear Hamiltonian for the relevant metric degrees of freedom. While perturbatively unitarity is not evident, we argue that no negative norm state is present in the full nonlinear theory.
Iglesias, Alberto [Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003 (United States); Kakushadze, Zurab [Quantigic registered Solutions LLC 200 Rector Place, 43C, New York, New York 10280 (United States)
Nano-Machines Achieve Huge Mechanical Breakthrough
NANO TECH Nano-Machines Achieve Huge Mechanical Breakthrough Dublin, Ireland (SPX) Sep 08, 2005 that use molecular 'nano'-machines of this kind to help perform physical tasks. Nano-machines could also owners set to return to battered Orleans l Six dead, two missing after heavy rains hit Page 1 of 3Nano
Leigh, David A.
Chemical mechanical planarization operation via dynamic programming
In this paper, the impact on non-planarization index by the down force and rotational speed during a SiO"2 or Cu CMP process was investigated. Since the magnitudes of down force and rotational speed have limits, we choose the dynamic programming approach ... Keywords: Chemical mechanical planarization, Copper dishing, Dynamic programming, Non-planarization index, Oxide erosion
Chia-Shui Lin; Yung-Chou Lee
turbulent mixing, transport in single and multiphase systems as well as flows involving phase change behind model wind turbines: further evidence of wake meandering, Wind Energy, 11, 211-217. 37 Mellgren N, and especially fluid mechanics is the basis for almost all electricity generation, such as wind, hydro, nuclear
Acceleration of Brittle Failure in Polyolefins and composite structures for wind turbine blades. September 27-reacting and reacting flows as well as single and multiphase flows, whereas the experimental research has access to most) research dealing with fluid mechanics dominated by effects such as capillarity, phase change, heat and mass
Online mechanism design for electric vehicle charging
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are expected to place a considerable strain on local electricity distribution networks, requiring charging to be coordinated in order to accommodate capacity constraints. We design a novel online auction protocol for ... Keywords: electric vehicle, mechanism design, pricing
Enrico H. Gerding; Valentin Robu; Sebastian Stein; David C. Parkes; Alex Rogers; Nicholas R. Jennings
Transforming policies into mechanisms with infokernel
We describe an evolutionary path that allows operating systems to be used in a more flexible and appropriate manner by higher-level services. An infokernel exposes key pieces of information about its algorithms and internal state; thus, its default policies ... Keywords: information, mechanism, policy
Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau; Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau; Nathan C. Burnett; Timothy E. Denehy; Thomas J. Engle; Haryadi S. Gunawi; James A. Nugent; Florentina I. Popovici
Quantum Mechanics and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle
The generalized uncertainty principle has been described as a general consequence of incorporating a minimal length from a theory of quantum gravity. We consider a simple quantum mechanical model where the operator corresponding to position has discrete eigenvalues and show how the generalized uncertainty principle results for minimum uncertainty wave packets.
Jang Young Bang; Micheal S. Berger
Wave Mechanics and the Fifth Dimension
Replacing 4D Minkowski space by 5D canonical space leads to a clearer derivation of the main features of wave mechanics, including the wave function and the velocity of de Broglie waves. Recent tests of wave-particle duality could be adapted to investigate whether de Broglie waves are basically 4D or 5D in nature.
Paul S. Wesson; James M. Overduin
Is Quantum Mechanics needed to explain consciousness ?
In this short comment to a recent contribution by E. Manousakis [1] it is argued that the reported agreement between the measured time evolution of conscious states during binocular rivalry and predictions derived from quantum mechanical formalisms does not require any direct effect of QM. The recursive consumption analysis process in the Ouroboros Model can yield the same behavior.
Knud Thomsen
Concepts of Hyperbolicity and Relativistic Continuum Mechanics
After a short introduction to the characteristic geometry underlying weakly hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations we review the notion of symmetric hyperbolicity of first-order systems and that of regular hyperbolicity of second-order systems. Numerous examples are provided, mainly taken from nonrelativistic and relativistic continuum mechanics.
Robert Beig
Wind Power and the Clean Development Mechanism
20 40 60 80 100 120 Biomass energy Hydro Agriculture EE Industry Wind Landfill gas Fossil fuel switchWind Power and the Clean Development Mechanism Romeo Pacudan PhD Wind Energy Development, Philippines EC-ASEAN ENERGY FACILITY #12;CD4CDM project Objective ┬Ę Help developing countries participate
Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels in Hydrogen
Mechanical Properties of Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels in Hydrogen B.P. Somerday, K.A. Nibur, C. San Marchi, and M. Yip Sandia National Laboratories Livermore, CA DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Meeting Aiken, SC September 25-26, 2007 H H H d╬┤/dt Ōēź 0 H 2 H 2 Methods for measuring mechanical properties of structural steels in hydrogen d╬┤/dt > 0 d╬┤/dt > 0 strength of materials: Žā UTS , Žā YS , ╬Ą f , RA H 2 H H H H 2 H H 2 H H 2 H H H 2 H H 2 fracture mechanics: K IH , K TH H H H H H H H H H H d╬┤/dt Ōēź 0 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 Tensile Testing Carbon Steel in H 2 E x t r u s i o n D i r e c t i o n / L - C O r i e n t a t i o n T T B a s e H A Z W e l d W e l d * Alloys: 106 Grade B * Multi-pass SMAW w/out stress relief * Specimens machined in 3 conditions: Base metal, Weld and HAZ * Orientation: L-C
The Effects of Ingot Composition and Conversion on the Mechanical ...
Quantum Mechanics Summary/Review Spring 2009 Compton Lecture Series
Quantum Mechanics Summary/Review Spring 2009 Compton Lecture Series: From Quantum Mechanics one component at a time. ┬Ę Planck's constant determines the scale at which quantum mechanical effects could get rid of quantum mechanical effects ┬Ł The "wavelength" of particles given by h mv would all
Introductory statistical mechanics for electron storage rings
These lectures introduce the beam dynamics of electron-positron storage rings with particular emphasis on the effects due to synchrotron radiation. They differ from most other introductions in their systematic use of the physical principles and mathematical techniques of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of fluctuating dynamical systems. A self-contained exposition of the necessary topics from this field is included. Throughout the development, a Hamiltonian description of the effects of the externally applied fields is maintained in order to preserve the links with other lectures on beam dynamics and to show clearly the extent to which electron dynamics in non-Hamiltonian. The statistical mechanical framework is extended to a discussion of the conceptual foundations of the treatment of collective effects through the Vlasov equation.
Jowett, J.M.
Two-axis tracking solar collector mechanism
This invention is a novel solar tracking mechanism incorporating a number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy. The mechanism comprises a lightweight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure. The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading. Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad-based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibers for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion. 16 figs.
Johnson, K.C.
Mechanical switching of ferro-electric rubber
At the A to C transition, smectic elastomers have recently been observed to undergo $\\sim$35% spontaneous shear strains. We first explicitly describe how strains of up to twice this value could be mechanically or electrically induced in Sm-$C$ elastomers by rotation of the director on a cone around the layer normal at various elastic costs depending on constraints. Secondly, for typical sample geometries, we give the various microstructures in Sm-$C$ akin to those seen in nematic elastomers under distortions with constraints. It is possible to give explicit results for the nature of the textures. Chiral Sm-$C$ elastomers are ferro-electric. We calculate how the polarization could be mechanically reversed by large, hard or soft strains of the rubber, depending upon sample geometry.
J. M. Adams; M. Warner
This invention is a novel solar tracking mechanism incorporating a number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy. The mechanism comprises a lightweight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure. The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading. Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad-based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibers for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion.
Johnson, Kenneth C. (201 W. California Ave., #401, Sunnyvale, CA 94086)
Johnson, Kenneth C. (201 W. California Ave. #705, Sunnyvale, CA 94086)
Stirling engine control mechanism and method
A reciprocating-to-rotating motion conversion and power control device for a Stirling engine includes a hub mounted on an offset portion of the output shaft for rotation relative to the shaft and for sliding motion therealong which causes the hub to tilt relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. This changes the angle of inclination of the hub relative to the shaft axis and changes the axial stroke of a set of arms connected to the hub and nutating therewith. A hydraulic actuating mechanism is connected to the hub for moving its axial position along the shaft. A balancing wheel is linked to the hub and changes its angle of inclination as the angle of inclination of the hub changes to maintain the mechanism in perfect balance throughout its range of motion.
Dineen, John J. (Durham, NH)
Fundamental mechanisms in flue-gas conditioning
The overall goal of this research project is to formulate a mathematical model of flue gas conditioning. This model will be based on an understanding of why ash properties, such as cohesivity and resistivity, are changed by conditioning. Such a model could serve as a component of the performance models of particulate control devices where flue gas conditioning is used. There are two specific objectives of this research project, which divide the planned research into two main parts. One part of the project is designed to determine how ash particles are modified by interactions with sorbent injection processes and to describe the mechanisms by which these interactions affect fine particle collection. The objective of the other part of the project is to identify the mechanisms by which conditioning agents, including chemically active compounds, modify the key properties of fine fly ash particles.
Dahlin, R.S.; Vann Bush, P.; Snyder, T.R.
Fundamental mechanisms in flue gas conditioning
The overall goal of this research project is to formulate a mathematical model of flue gas conditioning. This model will be based on an understanding of why ask properties, such as cohesivity and resistivity, are changed by conditioning. Such a model could serve as a component of the performance models of particulate control devices where flue gas conditioning is used. There are two specific objectives of this research project, which divide the planned research into two main parts. One part of the project is designed to determine how ash particles are modified by interactions with sorbent injection processes and to describe the mechanisms by which these interactions affect fine particle collection. The objective of the other part of the project is to identify the mechanisms by which conditioning agents, including chemically active compounds, modify the key properties of fine fly ash particles.
Bush, P.V.; Snyder, T.R.
Internet Resource Pricing Models, Mechanisms, and Methods
With the fast development of video and voice network applications, CDN (Content Distribution Networks) and P2P (Peer-to-Peer) content distribution technologies have gradually matured. How to effectively use Internet resources thus has attracted more and more attentions. For the study of resource pricing, a whole pricing strategy containing pricing models, mechanisms and methods covers all the related topics. We first introduce three basic Internet resource pricing models through an Internet cost analysis. Then, with the evolution of service types, we introduce several corresponding mechanisms which can ensure pricing implementation and resource allocation. On network resource pricing methods, we discuss the utility optimization in economics, and emphasize two classes of pricing methods (including system optimization and entities' strategic optimizations). Finally, we conclude the paper and forecast the research direction on pricing strategy which is applicable to novel service situation in the near future.
He, Huan; Liu, Ying
Inelastic mechanics of sticky biopolymer networks
We propose a physical model for the nonlinear inelastic mechanics of sticky biopolymer networks with potential applications to inelastic cell mechanics. It consists in a minimal extension of the glassy wormlike chain (GWLC) model, which has recently been highly successful as a quantitative mathematical description of the viscoelastic properties of biopolymer networks and cells. To extend its scope to nonequilibrium situations, where the thermodynamic state variables may evolve dynamically, the GWLC is furnished with an explicit representation of the kinetics of breaking and reforming sticky bonds. In spite of its simplicity the model exhibits many experimentally established non-trivial features such as power-law rheology, stress stiffening, fluidization, and cyclic softening effects.
Lars Wolff; Pablo Fernandez; Klaus Kroy
Nanocrystalline alloys : enhanced strengthening mechanisms and mechanically-driven structural evolution
Nanocrystalline materials have experienced a great deal of attention in recent years, largely due to their impressive array of physical properties. In particular, nanocrystalline mechanical behavior has been of interest, ...
Rupert, Timothy J. (Timothy John)
Strange Bedfellows: Quantum Mechanics and Data Mining
Last year, in 2008, I gave a talk titled Quantum Calisthenics. This year I am going to tell you about how the work I described then has spun off into a most unlikely direction. What I am going to talk about is how one maps the problem of finding clusters in a given data set into a problem in quantum mechanics. I will then use the tricks I described to let quantum evolution lets the clusters come together on their own.
Weinstein, Marvin; /SLAC
Is there a statistical mechanics of turbulence
The statistical-mechanical treatment of turbulence is made questionable by strong nonlinearity and strong disequilibrium that result in the creation of ordered structures imbedded in disorder. Model systems are described which may provide some hope that a compact, yet faithful, statistical description of turbulence nevertheless is possible. Some essential dynamic features of the models are captured by low-order statistical approximations despite strongly non-Gaussian behavior. 31 refs., 5 figs.
Kraichnan, R.H.; Chen, S.Y.
Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) LONG RANGE SCHEDULE
310 Dynamics C T C C T C C T C C T C MET 320 Design of Machine Elements T W W T W W T W W T W W MET Mechanical Subsystem Design T T MET 434 Introduction to Senior Project S S S S S S S S MET 435W Senior Design Refrigeration and AC T T T T MET 465 Geometric Dimesioning and Tolerancing C T C T MET 471 Nuclear Systems I. C
Molecular Mechanism of Biological Proton Transport
Proton transport across lipid membranes is a fundamental aspect of biological energy transduction (metabolism). This function is mediated by a Grotthuss mechanism involving proton hopping along hydrogen-bonded networks embedded in membrane-spanning proteins. Using molecular simulations, the authors have explored the structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties giving rise to long-range proton translocation in hydrogen-bonded networks involving water molecules, or water wires, which are emerging as ubiquitous H{sup +}-transport devices in biological systems.
Pomes, R.
Statistical Mechanics of Two-dimensional Foams
The methods of statistical mechanics are applied to two-dimensional foams under macroscopic agitation. A new variable -- the total cell curvature -- is introduced, which plays the role of energy in conventional statistical thermodynamics. The probability distribution of the number of sides for a cell of given area is derived. This expression allows to correlate the distribution of sides ("topological disorder") to the distribution of sizes ("geometrical disorder") in a foam. The model predictions agree well with available experimental data.
Marc Durand
Physical Interpretations of Nilpotent Quantum Mechanics
Nilpotent quantum mechanics provides a powerful method of making efficient calculations. More importantly, however, it provides insights into a number of fundamental physical problems through its use of a dual vector space and its explicit construction of vacuum. Physical interpretation of the nilpotent formalism is discussed with respect to boson and baryon structures, the mass-gap problem, zitterbewgung, Berry phase, renormalization, and related issues.
Peter Rowlands
Mechanical cutting of irradiated reactor internal components
Mechanical cutting methods to volume reduce and package reactor internal components are now a viable solution for stakeholders challenged with the retirement of first generation nuclear facilities. The recent completion of the removal of the Reactor Vessel Internals (RVI) from within the Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant demonstrates that unlike previous methods, inclusive of plasma arc and abrasive water-jet cutting, mechanical cutting minimizes exposure to workers, costly water cleanup, and excessive secondary waste generation. Reactor internal components were segmented, packaged, and removed from the reactor building for shipment or storage, allowing the reactor cavity to be drained and follow-on reactor segmentation activities to proceed in the dry state. Area exposure rates at the work positions during the segmentation process were generally 1 mR per hr. Radiological exposure documented for the underwater segmentation processes totaled 13 person rem. The reactor internals weighing 343,000 pounds were segmented into over 200 pieces for maximum shipping package efficiency and produced 5,600 lb of stainless steel chips and shavings which were packaged in void spaces of existing disposal containers, therefore creating no additional disposal volume. Because no secondary waste was driven into suspension in the reactor cavity water, the water was free released after one pass through a charcoal bed and ion exchange filter system. Mechanical cutting techniques are capable of underwater segmentation of highly radioactive components on a large scale. This method minimized radiological exposure and costly water cleanup while creating no secondary waste.
Anderson, Michael G. [MOTA Corporation: 3410 Sunset Boulevard, West Columbia, SC, 29169 (United States)
Hunting for Snarks in Quantum Mechanics
A long-standing debate over the interpretation of quantum mechanics has centered on the meaning of Schroedinger's wave function {psi} for an electron. Broadly speaking, there are two major opposing schools. On the one side, the Copenhagen school(led by Bohr, Heisenberg and Pauli) holds that {psi} provides a complete description of a single electron state; hence the probability interpretation of {psi}{psi}* expresses an irreducible uncertainty in electron behavior that is intrinsic in nature. On the other side, the realist school(led by Einstein, de Broglie, Bohm and Jaynes) holds that {psi} represents a statistical ensemble of possible electron states; hence it is an incomplete description of a single electron state. I contend that the debaters have overlooked crucial facts about the electron revealed by Dirac theory. In particular, analysis of electron zitterbewegung(first noticed by Schroedinger) opens a window to particle substructure in quantum mechanics that explains the physical significance of the complex phase factor in {psi}. This led to a testable model for particle substructure with surprising support by recent experimental evidence. If the explanation is upheld by further research, it will resolve the debate in favor of the realist school. I give details. The perils of research on the foundations of quantum mechanics have been foreseen by Lewis Carroll in The Hunting of the Snark{exclamation_point}.
Hestenes, David [Physics Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (United States)
This technical progress report describes work performed from July 1 through September, 2003 for the project ''Heavy and Thermal Oil Recovery Production Mechanisms,'' DE-FC26-00BC15311. In this project, a broad spectrum of research is undertaken related to thermal and heavy-oil recovery. The research tools and techniques span from pore-level imaging of multiphase fluid flow to definition of reservoir-scale features through streamline-based history-matching techniques. During this period, work focused on completing project tasks in the area of multiphase flow and rock properties. The area of interest is the production mechanisms of oil from porous media at high temperature. Temperature has a beneficial effect on oil recovery and reduces residual oil saturation. Work continued to delineate how the wettability of reservoir rock shifts from mixed and intermediate wet conditions to more water-wet conditions as temperature increases. One mechanism for the shift toward water-wet conditions is the release of fines coated with oil-wet material from pore walls. New experiments and theory illustrate the role of temperature on fines release.
Anthony R. Kovscek; Louis M. Castanier
This project is divided into four tasks. The Management Plan was developed in task 1. Task 2, Evaluation of Mechanisms in FGD Sorbent and Ash Interactions, focuses on the characteristics of binary mixtures of these distinct powders. Task 3, Evaluation of Mechanisms in Conditioning Agents and Ash, is designed to examine the effects of various conditioning agents on fine ash particles to determine the mechanisms by which these agents alter the physical properties of the ash. Tasks 2 and 3 began with an extensive literature search and the assembly of existing theories. This phase of the project is now complete. During the past quarter, initial preparations of laboratory equipment for laboratory testing have been made. A plan for initial laboratory tests has been submitted to the Project Manager for review. Laboratory testing will commence once these laboratory plans have been formally approved. The results of the work performed under task 2 and 3 will be included in a Flue Gas Conditioning Model that will be issued under task 4. The Final Report for the project will also be prepared under task 4.
Snyder, T.R.; Robinson, M.S.; Bush, P.V.
This project is divided into four tasks. Task 1 is the Development of a Management Plan. Task 2, Evaluation of Mechanisms in FGD Sorbent and Ash Interactions, focuses on the characteristics of binary mixtures of these distinct powders. Task 3, Evaluation of Mechanisms in Conditioning Agents and Ash, is designed to examine the effects of various conditioning agents on fine ash particles to determine the mechanisms by which these agents alter the physical properties of the ash. Tasks 2 and 3 began with an extensive literature search and the assembly of existing theories. The results of the work performed under Tasks 2 and 3 will be included in a Flue Gas Conditioning Model that will be issued under Task 4. The Final Report for the project will also be prepared under Task 4. This quarterly report covers four months in order to synchronize the reporting periods for this project with US Government quarters. Work performed on the project during the past quarter consisted almost entirely of the review of literature pertaining to the objectives of Tasks 2 and 3. The primary results of that review are discussed at length in Topical Reports 1 and 2, submitted January 9, 1992. As a consequence of the work described in the topical reports, several of the project's Measures of Success that were described in the first quarterly report have been achieved. This quarterly report will discuss these achievements.
Snyder, T.R.
Improved Security Mechanism for Mobile IPv6
Security is a critical design issue in Mobile IPv6 since adversaries can take advantage of its routing process and arbitrarily channelize the traffic to different destinations. The original security scheme, the return routability (RR) procedure, used in Mobile IPv6 route optimization does not protect against adversaries who are on the path between the home agent (HA) and the correspondent node (CN) [11]. In addition, the long latency associated with the return routability test can impact delay-sensitive applications. This paper presents a hash chain based security mechanism to improve the security and performance of the return routability procedure in Mobile IPv6. Our fast authentication mechanism utilizes the hash chain element as an extra certificate to the mobile node in authenticating binding updates while running the routing process. In addition, by removing the necessity of the home test procedure in the RR test our mechanism can reduce the binding update latency. We analyze the security strength of our scheme under different adversary scenarios. Furthermore, a performance comparison of our scheme and the original RR procedure is provided
Jing Li; Po Zhang; Srinivas Sampalli
Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Print Giant Protease TPP II's Structure, Mechanism Uncovered Print Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II), the largest known eukaryotic enzyme that breaks down proteins (a protease), is implicated in numerous cellular processes including the degradation of the endogenous satiety agent cholecystokinin-8, making TPP II a target in the treatment of obesity. To gain insight into this molecular machine's mechanisms of activation and proteolysis, researchers from Berkeley Lab, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry combined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography at ALS Beamline 8.2.2. Treating Obesity with Satiety Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone in the brain and gastrointestinal system that helps stimulate the digestion of fat and protein and acts as a satiety agent, suppressing hunger and inhibiting food intake. Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) is known to partly regulate CCK-8 (a CCK with 8 amino acid residues) by cleaving the hormone into 5- and 3-residue chains, inactivating it.
Prior-free Mechanisms The big challenge that separates mechanism design from (non-game-theoretic) optimization
Chapter 6 Prior-free Mechanisms The big challenge that separates mechanism design from (non and the designer suggests that there must be a completely prior-free theory of mechanism design. Intuitively, the class of good prior-free mechanisms should be smaller than the class of good prior
Fiat, Amos
The Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute (SUPRI-A) studies oil recovery mechanisms relevant to thermal and heavy-oil production. The scope of work is relevant across near-, mid-, and long-term time frames. In August of 2000 we received funding from the U. S. DOE under Award No. DE-FC26-00BC15311 that completed December 1, 2003. The project was cost shared with industry. Heavy oil (10 to 20{sup o} API) is an underutilized energy resource of tremendous potential. Heavy oils are much more viscous than conventional oils. As a result, they are difficult to produce with conventional recovery methods. Heating reduces oil viscosity dramatically. Hence, thermal recovery is especially important because adding heat, usually via steam injection generally improves displacement efficiency. The objectives of this work were to improve our understanding of the production mechanisms of heavy oil under both primary and enhanced modes of operation. The research described spanned a spectrum of topics related to heavy and thermal oil recovery and is categorized into: (1) multiphase flow and rock properties, (2) hot fluid injection, (3) improved primary heavy-oil recovery, (4) in-situ combustion, and (5) reservoir definition. Technology transfer efforts and industrial outreach were also important to project effort. The research tools and techniques used were quite varied. In the area of experiments, we developed a novel apparatus that improved imaging with X-ray computed tomography (CT) and high-pressure micromodels etched with realistic sandstone roughness and pore networks that improved visualization of oil-recovery mechanisms. The CT-compatible apparatus was invaluable for investigating primary heavy-oil production, multiphase flow in fractured and unfractured media, as well as imbibition. Imbibition and the flow of condensed steam are important parts of the thermal recovery process. The high-pressure micromodels were used to develop a conceptual and mechanistic picture of primary heavy-oil production by solution gas drive. They allowed for direct visualization of gas bubble formation, bubble growth, and oil displacement. Companion experiments in representative sands and sandstones were also conducted to understand the mechanisms of cold production. The evolution of in-situ gas and oil saturation was monitored with CT scanning and pressure drop data. These experiments highlighted the importance of depletion rate, overburden pressure, and oil-phase chemistry on the cold production process. From the information provided by the experiments, a conceptual and numerical model was formulated and validated for the heavy-oil solution gas drive recovery process. Also in the area of mechanisms, steamdrive for fractured, low permeability porous media was studied. Field tests have shown that heat injected in the form of steam is effective at unlocking oil from such reservoir media. The research reported here elucidated how the basic mechanisms differ from conventional steamdrive and how these differences are used to an advantage. Using simulations of single and multiple matrix blocks that account for details of heat transfer, capillarity, and fluid exchange between matrix and fracture, the importance of factors such as permeability contrast between matrix and fracture and oil composition were quantified. Experimentally, we examined the speed and extent to which steam injection alters the permeability and wettability of low permeability, siliceous rocks during thermal recovery. Rock dissolution tends to increase permeability moderately aiding in heat delivery, whereas downstream the cooled fluid deposits silica reducing permeability. Permeability reduction is not catastrophic. With respect to wettability, heat shifts rock wettability toward more water wet conditions. This effect is beneficial for the production of heavy and medium gravity oils as it improves displacement efficiency. A combination of analytical and numerical studies was used to examine the efficiency of reservoir heating using nonconventional wells such as horizontal and multi
On the mechanism of salivary gland radiosensitivity
Purpose: To contribute to the understanding of the enigmatic radiosensitivity of the salivary glands by analysis of appropriate literature, especially with respect to mechanisms of action of early radiation damage, and to supply information on the possibilities of amelioration of radiation damage to the salivary glands after radiotherapy of head-and-neck cancer. Methods and Materials: Selected published data on the mechanism of salivary gland radiosensitivity and radioprotection were studied and analyzed. Results: From a classical point of view, the salivary glands should not respond as rapidly to radiation as they appear to do. Next to the suggestion of massive apoptosis, the leakage of granules and subsequent lysis of acinar cells was suggested to be responsible for the acute radiation-induced function loss of the salivary glands. The main problem with these hypotheses is that recently performed assays show no cell loss during the first days after irradiation, while saliva flow is dramatically diminished. The water secretion is selectively hampered during the first days after single-dose irradiation. Literature is discussed that shows that the compromised cells suffer selective radiation damage to the plasma membrane, disturbing signal transduction primarily affecting watery secretion. Although the cellular composition of the submandibular gland and the parotid gland are different, the damage response is very alike. The acute radiation-induced function loss in both salivary glands can be ameliorated by prophylactic treatment with specific receptor agonists. Conclusions: The most probable mechanism of action, explaining the enigmatic high radiosensitivity for early effects, is selective radiation damage to the plasma membrane of the secretory cells, disturbing muscarinic receptor stimulated watery secretion. Later damage is mainly due to classical mitotic cell death of progenitor cells, leading to a hampered replacement capacity of the gland for secretory cells, but is also caused by damage to the extracellular environment, preventing proper cell functioning.
Konings, Antonius W.T. [Department of Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen (Netherlands)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Coppes, Rob P. [Department of Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen (Netherlands); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen (Netherlands); Vissink, Arjan [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Groningen (Netherlands)
An hypothesis concerning the primary mechanism of the biological action of radiation is presented. The energy absorbed either directly or indirectly on irradiation is assumed to damage the system in the course of migrating either within or between the protein or other macromolecules. Some of the damage responsible for the physio-chemical radiation after-effects is retained in ihe macromolecules as long-lived electronically excited states. It does not escape and in time produces additional effects. It is suggested thai this damage can be removed by intermolecular energy migration to some protective agent which forms a complex with the macromolecules. (C.H.)
Eidus, L.Kh.; Kalamkarova, M.B.; Otarova, G.K.
Integral Transforms in Relativistic Quantum Constraint Mechanics
In relativistic quantum constraint mechanics the state of a physical system is constrained to a 3-dimensional subspace of Minkowski 4-space. Fourier transformation can be used to relate this state between constraint spaces in 4-position and 4-momentum space. It is shown that integral transforms of this nature can be carried out using Lorentz-invariant 3-dimensional constraint space coordinates such that a complete equivalence class of 4-space representations can be constructed from the transform. This method is further applied to develop a relativistic generalization of the Segal-Bargmann transformation that leads to the representation of quantum systems in a three-dimensional subspace of Bargmann 4-space.
Robert J. Ducharme
Mechanical estimating guidebook for building construction
Rapid and reliable techniques for estimating the cost of materials and labor are offered in the fifth edition of this handbook. It contains work-hour task times and performance data for hundreds of jobs compiled over years to testing and analysis. New sections are devoted to solar heating, energy management, computer estimating, fire control and sprinkler systems, and estimating life-cycle costs. Like its predecessors, the book also covers criteria for estimating, mechanical cooling and heating equipment, piping, ductwork, insulation, electrical wiring, and foundations and supports. Air distribution, tools and special equipment, tanks, pumps, instrumentation and controls, excavating and trenching, heat and air recovery, and antipollution filtration are also discussed.
Gladstone, J.
Spacer grid assembly and locking mechanism
A spacer grid assembly is disclosed for retaining a plurality of fuel rods in substantially parallel spaced relation, the spacer grids being formed with rhombic openings defining contact means for engaging from one to four fuel rods arranged in each opening, the spacer grids being of symmetric configuration with their rhombic openings being asymmetrically offset to permit inversion and relative rotation of the similar spacer grids for improved support of the fuel rods. An improved locking mechanism includes tie bars having chordal surfaces to facilitate their installation in slotted circular openings of the spacer grids, the tie rods being rotatable into locking engagement with the slotted openings.
Snyder, Jr., Harold J. (Rancho Santa Fe, CA); Veca, Anthony R. (San Diego, CA); Donck, Harry A. (San Diego, CA)
A dynamical mechanism for establishing apsidal resonance
We show that in a system of two planets initially in nearly circular orbits, an impulse perturbation that imparts a finite eccentricity to one planet's orbit causes the other planet's orbit to become eccentric as well, and also naturally results in a libration of their relative apsidal longitudes for a wide range of initial conditions. We suggest that such a mechanism may explain orbital eccentricities and apsidal resonance in some exo-planetary systems. The eccentricity impulse could be caused by the ejection of a planet from these systems, or by torques from a primordial gas disk. The amplitude of secular variations provides an observational constraint on the dynamical history of such systems.
Renu Malhotra
Mechanical Models of Fault-Related Folding
The subject of the proposed research is fault-related folding and ground deformation. The results are relevant to oil-producing structures throughout the world, to understanding of damage that has been observed along and near earthquake ruptures, and to earthquake-producing structures in California and other tectonically-active areas. The objectives of the proposed research were to provide both a unified, mechanical infrastructure for studies of fault-related foldings and to present the results in computer programs that have graphical users interfaces (GUIs) so that structural geologists and geophysicists can model a wide variety of fault-related folds (FaRFs).
Johnson, A. M.
Mod I automotive Stirling engine mechanical development
The Mod I Stirling engine was the first automotive Stirling engine designed specifically for automotive application. Testing of these engines has revealed several deficiencies in engine mechanical integrity which have been corrected by redesign or upgrade. The main deficiencies uncovered during the Mod I program lie in the combustion, auxiliary, main seal, and heater head areas. This paper will address each of the major area deficiencies in detail, and describe the corrective actions taken as they apply to the Mod I and the next Stirling-engine design, the Upgraded Mod I (a redesign to incorporate new materials for cost/weight reduction and improved performance).
Simetkosky, M.
Timelike Killing Fields and Relativistic Statistical Mechanics
For spacetimes with timelike Killing fields, we introduce a "Fermi-Walker-Killing" coordinate system and use it to prove a Liouville Theorem for an appropriate volume element of phase space for a statistical mechanical system of particles. We derive an exact relativistic formula for the Helmholtz free energy of an ideal gas and compare it, for a class of spacetimes, to its Newtonian analog, derived both independently and as the Newtonian limit of our formula. We also find the relativistic thermodynamic equation of state. Specific examples are given in Kerr spacetime.
David Klein; Peter Collas
Relativity and quantum mechanics: Jorgensen revisited
We first define the functions which ensure the transformation of momentum and energy of a tardyon, the transformation of the wave vector and the frequency of the associated wave. Having done this, we show that they ensure the relativistic invariance of the quotient between momentum and wave vector and between energy and frequency if the product between particle velocity u and phase velocity w is a relativistic invariant (uw=c^2), a condition which is a natural combination of special relativity theory and quantum mechanics.
Bernhard Rothenstein
Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanism Terms of Reference | Open
Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanism Terms of Reference Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanism Terms of Reference (Redirected from Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanisms) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanisms Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Finance, Implementation, Market analysis Website: web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTENERGY2/EXTRENENERGYTK/0,, References: Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanisms[1] Resources Design of Micro-hydro Funding Facility and Community Mobilization Support Design of Institutional and Financial Intermediation Scheme for a Micro hydro Power Development Program Design of a Rural Energy Fund References Ōåæ "Designing Renewable Energy Financing Mechanisms"
CRAD, Nuclear Facility Construction - Mechanical Equipment - June 26, 2012
Nuclear Facility Construction - Mechanical Equipment - June Nuclear Facility Construction - Mechanical Equipment - June 26, 2012 CRAD, Nuclear Facility Construction - Mechanical Equipment - June 26, 2012 June 26, 2012 Nuclear Facility Construction - Mechanical Equipment Installation, (HSS CRAD 45-53, Rev. 0) The purpose of this criteria review and approach, this CRAD includes mechanical equipment installation, including connections of the equipment to installed piping systems, and attachments of the equipment to structures (concrete, structural steel, or embed plates). Mechanical equipment includes items such as pumps and motors, valves, tanks, glove boxes, heat exchangers, ion exchangers, service air system, fire pumps and tanks, and heating, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) equipment such as fans, scrubbers and filters.
FAQS Qualification Card - Mechanical Systems | Department of Energy
Mechanical Systems Mechanical Systems FAQS Qualification Card - Mechanical Systems A key element for the Department's Technical Qualification Programs is a set of common Functional Area Qualification Standards (FAQS) and associated Job Task Analyses (JTA). These standards are developed for various functional areas of responsibility in the Department, including oversight of safety management programs identified as hazard controls in Documented Safety Analyses (DSA). For each functional area, the FAQS identify the minimum technical competencies and supporting knowledge and skills for a typical qualified individual working in the area. FAQC-MechanicalSystems.docx Description Mechanical Systems Qualification Card More Documents & Publications FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card - Mechanical Systems
Mechanics of liquid and gas, or mechanics of the inertless mass I. Ideal liquid
This monograph is a theoretical work. Its title shows that the theory states a novel view of the mechanical motion of liquids and gases to explain phenomena connected with mechanical motion of continuous medium. The second part of the monograph (II. Real liquids and gases) is placed in the same archive. It takes into account features of the real liquids and gases to give a practical direction for the theory. Both these parts are connected and have no practical meaning if separated. They were published in Russia in 2003 (after the death of the author) under the title "Mechanics of liquids and gas, or mechanics of the inertless mass (mechanics of media)" by the daughter of the author under her editing. This monograph is the last editing of the author's manuscript, which was made by the same editor in 2006. The editor plans to place two applied works of the author of the monograph in the same archive soon. The monograph contains information about both these manuscripts. The monograph is addressed to specialists in the field of theoretical and practical hydrodynamics and adjacent sciences.
I. Z. Shkurchenko
Defect-related internal dissipation in mechanical resonators and the study of coupled mechanical systems.
Understanding internal dissipation in resonant mechanical systems at the micro- and nanoscale is of great technological and fundamental interest. Resonant mechanical systems are central to many sensor technologies, and microscale resonators form the basis of a variety of scanning probe microscopies. Furthermore, coupled resonant mechanical systems are of great utility for the study of complex dynamics in systems ranging from biology to electronics to photonics. In this work, we report the detailed experimental study of internal dissipation in micro- and nanomechanical oscillators fabricated from amorphous and crystalline diamond materials, atomistic modeling of dissipation in amorphous, defect-free, and defect-containing crystalline silicon, and experimental work on the properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled mechanical oscillator arrays. We have identified that internal dissipation in most micro- and nanoscale oscillators is limited by defect relaxation processes, with large differences in the nature of the defects as the local order of the material ranges from amorphous to crystalline. Atomistic simulations also showed a dominant role of defect relaxation processes in controlling internal dissipation. Our studies of one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled oscillator arrays revealed that it is possible to create mechanical systems that should be ideal for the study of non-linear dynamics and localization.
Friedmann, Thomas Aquinas; Czaplewski, David A.; Sullivan, John Patrick; Modine, Normand Arthur; Wendt, Joel Robert; Aslam, Dean (Michigan State University, Lansing, MI); Sepulveda-Alancastro, Nelson (University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR)
Bohmian Mechanics with Complex Action: A New Trajectory-Based Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in Bohmian mechanics as a numerical tool because of its local dynamics, which suggest the possibility of significant computational advantages for the simulation of large quantum systems. However, closer inspection of the Bohmian formulation reveals that the nonlocality of quantum mechanics has not disappeared -- it has simply been swept under the rug into the quantum force. In this paper we present a new formulation of Bohmian mechanics in which the quantum action, S, is taken to be complex. This leads to a single equation for complex S, and ultimately complex x and p but there is a reward for this complexification -- a significantly higher degree of localization. The quantum force in the new approach vanishes for Gaussian wavepacket dynamics, and its effect on barrier tunneling processes is orders of magnitude lower than that of the classical force. We demonstrate tunneling probabilities that are in virtually perfect agreement with the exact quantum mechanics down to 10^{-7} calculated from strictly localized quantum trajectories that do not communicate with their neighbors. The new formulation may have significant implications for fundamental quantum mechanics, ranging from the interpretation of non-locality to measures of quantum complexity.
Yair Goldfarb; Ilan Degani; David J. Tannor
A new non linear mechanism able to generate avalanches based on soil mechanics
We propose a general mechanism based on soil mechanics concepts, such as dilatancy and friction, to explain the fact that avalanches stop at an angle smaller than they start: the mechanism involved is linked to the fact that the stress field near the free surface of a pile built with inclined strata obeys always the plasticity criteria, even when the slope is smaller than the friction angle. It results from this that the larger the slope angle the smaller the mean stress and the smaller the maximum principal stress. So when the pile rotates to generate the next instability the granular material is submitted to a decrease of the mean stress, resulting in an increase of its yielding angle, which becomes larger than the friction angle. The slope starts then flowing at an angle larger than the friction angle.
P. Evesque
On Quantum Mechanical Aspects of Microtubules
We discuss possible quantum mechanical aspects of MicroTubules (MT), based on recent developments in quantum physics.We focus on potential mechanisms for `energy-loss-free' transport along the microtubules, which could be considered as realizations of Fr÷hlich's ideas on the r¶le of solitons for superconductivity and/or biological matter. By representing the MT arrangements as cavities, we present a novel scenario on the formation of macroscopic (or mesoscopic) quantum-coherent states, as a result of the (quantum-electromagnetic) interactions of the MT dimers with the surrounding molecules of the ordered water in the interior of the MT cylinders. We suggest specific experiments to test the above-conjectured quantum nature of the microtubular arrangements inside the cell. These experiments are similar in nature to those in atomic physics, used in the detection of the Rabi-Vacuum coupling between coherent cavity modes and atoms. Our conjecture is that a similar Rabi-Vacuum-splitting phenomenon occurs in the M...
Mavromatos, Nikolaos E
We discuss possible quantum mechanical aspects of MicroTubules (MT), based on recent developments in quantum physics.We focus on potential mechanisms for `energy-loss-free' transport along the microtubules, which could be considered as realizations of Fr\\"ohlich's ideas on the r\\^ole of solitons for superconductivity and/or biological matter. By representing the MT arrangements as cavities,we present a novel scenario on the formation of macroscopic (or mesoscopic) quantum-coherent states, as a result of the (quantum-electromagnetic) interactions of the MT dimers with the surrounding molecules of the ordered water in the interior of the MT cylinders. We suggest specific experiments to test the above-conjectured quantum nature of the microtubular arrangements inside the cell. These experiments are similar in nature to those in atomic physics, used in the detection of the Rabi-Vacuum coupling between coherent cavity modes and atoms. Our conjecture is that a similar Rabi-Vacuum-splitting phenomenon occurs in the MT case.
N. E. Mavromatos; D. V. Nanopoulos
Novel shear mechanism in nanolayered composites
Recent studies have shown that two-phase nanocomposite materials with semicoherent interfaces exhibit enhanced strength, deformability, and radiation damage resistance. The remarkable behavior exhibited by these materials has been attributed to the atomistic structure of the bi-metal interface that results in interfaces with low shear strength and hence, strong barriers for slip transmission due to dislocation core spreading along the weak interfaces. In this work, the low interfacial shear strength of Cu/Nb nanoscale multilayers dictates a new mechanism for shear banding and strain softening during micropillar compression. Previous work investigating shear band formation in nanocrystalline materials has shown a connection between insufficient strain hardening and the onset of shear banding in Fe and Fe-10% Cu, but has also shown that hardening does not necessarily offset shear banding in Pd nanomaterials. Therefore, the mechanisms behind shear localization in nanocrystalline materials are not completely understood. Our findings, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, provide insight on the design of nanocomposites with tailored interface structures and geometry to obtain a combination of high strength and deformability. High strength is derived from the ability of the interfaces to trap dislocations through relative ease of interfacial shear, while deformability can be maximized by controlling the effects of loading geometry on shear band formation.
Mara, Nathan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bhattacharyya, Dhriti [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hirth, John P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dickerson, Patricia O [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Misra, Amit [Los Alamos National Laboratory
This technical progress report describes work performed from January 1 through March 31, 2003 for the project ''Heavy and Thermal Oil Recovery Production Mechanisms,'' DE-FC26-00BC15311. In this project, a broad spectrum of research is undertaken related to thermal and heavy-oil recovery. The research tools and techniques span from pore-level imaging of multiphase fluid flow to definition of reservoir-scale features through streamline-based history matching techniques. During this period, previous analysis of experimental data regarding multidimensional imbibition to obtain shape factors appropriate for dual-porosity simulation was verified by comparison among analytic, dual-porosity simulation, and fine-grid simulation. We continued to study the mechanisms by which oil is produced from fractured porous media at high pressure and high temperature. Temperature has a beneficial effect on recovery and reduces residual oil saturation. A new experiment was conducted on diatomite core. Significantly, we show that elevated temperature induces fines release in sandstone cores and this behavior may be linked to wettability. Our work in the area of primary production of heavy oil continues with field cores and crude oil. On the topic of reservoir definition, work continued on developing techniques that integrate production history into reservoir models using streamline-based properties.
Anthony R. Kovscek
This technical progress report describes work performed from October 1 through December 31, 2002 , for the project ''Heavy and Thermal Oil Recovery Production Mechanisms.'' In this project, a broad spectrum of research is undertaken related to thermal and heavy-oil recovery. The research tools and techniques used are varied and span from pore-level imaging of multiphase fluid flow to definition of reservoir-scale features through streamline-based history-matching techniques. During this period, experimental data regarding multidimensional imbibition was analyzed to obtain shape factors appropriate for dual-porosity simulation. It is shown that the usual assumption of constant, time-independent shape factors is incorrect. In other work, we continued to study the mechanisms by which oil is produced from fractured media at high pressure and high temperature. High temperature significantly increased the apparent wettability and affected water relative permeability of cores used in previous experiments. A phenomenological and mechanistic cause for this behavior is sought. Our work in the area of primary production of heavy oil continues with field cores and crude oil. On the topic of reservoir definition, work continued on developing techniques that integrate production history into reservoir models using streamline-based properties.
Rock mechanics contributions from defense programs
An attempt is made at illustrating the many contributions to rock mechanics from US defense programs, over the past 30-plus years. Large advances have been achieved in the technology-base area covering instrumentation, material properties, physical modeling, constitutive relations and numerical simulations. In the applications field, much progress has been made in understanding and being able to predict rock mass behavior related to underground explosions, cratering, projectile penetration, and defense nuclear waste storage. All these activities stand on their own merit as benefits to national security. But their impact is even broader, because they have found widespread applications in the non-defense sector; to name a few: the prediction of the response of underground structures to major earthquakes, the physics of the earth`s interior at great depths, instrumentation for monitoring mine blasting, thermo-mechanical instrumentation useful for civilian nuclear waste repositories, dynamic properties of earthquake faults, and transient large-strain numerical modeling of geological processes, such as diapirism. There is not pretense that this summary is exhaustive. It is meant to highlight success stories representative of DOE and DOD geotechnical activities, and to point to remaining challenges.
Heuze, F.E.
[Feedback control mechanisms of plant cell expansion
We have generated considerable evidence for the significance of wall stress relaxation in the control of plant growth and found that several agents (gibberellin, light, genetic loci for dwarf stature) influence growth rate via alteration of wall relaxation. We have refined our methods for measuring wall relaxation and, moreover, have found that wall relaxation properties bear only a distance relationship to wall mechanical properties. We have garnered novel insights into the nature of cell expansion mechanisms by analyzing spontaneous fluctuations of plant growth rate in seedlings. These experiments involved the application of mathematical techniques for analyzing growth rate fluctuations and the development of new instrumentation for measuring and forcing plant growth in a controlled fashion. These studies conclude that growth rate fluctuations generated by the plant as consequence of a feedback control system. This conclusion has important implications for the nature of wall loosening processes and demands a different framework for thinking about growth control. It also implies the existence of a growth rate sensor.
Cosgrove, D.J.
This technical progress report describes work performed from April 1 through June 30, 2002, for the project ''Heavy and Thermal Oil Recovery Production Mechanisms.'' We investigate a broad spectrum of topics related to thermal and heavy-oil recovery. Significant results were obtained in the areas of multiphase flow and rock properties, hot-fluid injection, improved primary heavy oil recovery, and reservoir definition. The research tools and techniques used are varied and span from pore-level imaging of multiphase fluid flow to definition of reservoir-scale features through streamline-based history-matching techniques. Briefly, experiments were conducted to image at the pore level matrix-to-fracture production of oil from a fractured porous medium. This project is ongoing. A simulation studied was completed in the area of recovery processes during steam injection into fractured porous media. We continued to study experimentally heavy-oil production mechanisms from relatively low permeability rocks under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. High temperature significantly increased oil recovery rate and decreased residual oil saturation. Also in the area of imaging production processes in laboratory-scale cores, we use CT to study the process of gas-phase formation during solution gas drive in viscous oils. Results from recent experiments are reported here. Finally, a project was completed that uses the producing water-oil ratio to define reservoir heterogeneity and integrate production history into a reservoir model using streamline properties.
Wave-Particle Duality in Classical Mechanics
Until recently, wave-particle duality has been thought of as quantum principle without a counterpart in classical physics. This belief was challenged after (i) finding that average dynamics of a classical particle in strong inhomogeneous oscillating field resembles that of a quantum object and (ii) experimental discovery of "walkers" - macroscopic droplets that bounce on a vertically vibrating bath of the same fluid and can self-propell via interaction with the surface waves they generate. This paper exposes a new family of objects that can display both particle and wave features all together while strictly obeying laws of the Newtonian mechanics. In contrast to the previously known duality examples in classical physics, oscillating field or constant inflow of energy are not required for their existence. These objects behave deterministically provided that all their degrees of freedom are known to an observer. If, however, some degrees of freedom are unknown, observer can describe such objects only {\\it probabilistically} and they manifest {\\it weird} features similar to that of quantum particles. We show new classical counterparts of such quantum phenomena as particle interference, tunneling, above-barrier reflection, trapping on top of a barrier, and spontaneous emission of radiation. In the light of these findings, we hypothesize that quantum mechanics may \\emph{emerge} as approximation from a more profound theory on a deeper level.
Alexander Y. Davydov
Biharmonic superspace for N=4 mechanics
We develop a new superfield approach to N=4 supersymmetric mechanics based on the concept of biharmonic superspace (bi-HSS). It is an extension of the N=4, d=1 superspace by two sets of harmonic variables associated with the two SU(2) factors of the R-symmetry group SO(4) of the N=4, d=1 super Poincare algebra. There are three analytic subspaces in it: two of the Grassmann dimension 2 and one of the dimension 3. They are closed under the infinite-dimensional 'large' N=4 superconformal group, as well as under the finite-dimensional superconformal group D(2,1;{alpha}). The main advantage of the bi-HSS approach is that it gives an opportunity to treat N=4 supermultiplets with finite numbers of off-shell components on equal footing with their 'mirror' counterparts. We show how such multiplets and their superconformal properties are described in this approach. We also define nonpropagating gauge multiplets which can be used to gauge various isometries of the bi-HSS actions. We present an example of a nontrivial N=4 mechanics model with a seven-dimensional target manifold obtained by gauging a U(1) isometry in a sum of the free actions of the multiplet (4,4,0) and its mirror counterpart.
Ivanov, E.; Niederle, J. [Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region (Russian Federation); Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague (Czech Republic)
A stochastic mechanism of electron heating
Due to Landau resonant interaction with lower hybrid waves in the lower hybrid current drive scheme part of electrons are accelerated and, as a result of this, a tail of energetic electrons is formed on the electron distribution function. The same situation takes place in the problem of type III radio bursts when the suprathermal burst electrons acquire a plateau distribution due to excitation of plasma waves in the solar wind plasma. These distributions are unstable with respect to the cyclotron excitation of waves at anomalous Doppler resonance ('fan' instability). In this case, the tail electrons interact simultaneously with both (i) waves that accelerate or decelerate them (Cerenkov resonance) and (ii) waves excited in the process of the fan instability that led to their pitch angle diffusion. Because velocity diffusion lines of electrons formed due to heir interaction with each type of waves intersect, this interaction can lead not only to pitch angle diffusion but also to heating of electrons mainly in perpendicular direction. We investigated this mechanism of electron heating and studied the temporal evolution of the electron temperature and the energy of excited waves. Our results show significant enhancement of the electron perpendicular temperature T{sub Up-Tack} due to this stochastic heating mechanism.
Galinsky, V. L.; Shevchenko, V. I. [University of California, San Diego, ECE Department, La Jolla, California 92093-0407 (United States)
The Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute (SUPRI-A) conducts a broad spectrum of research intended to help improve the recovery efficiency from difficult to produce reservoirs including heavy oil and fractured low permeability systems. Our scope of work is relevant across near-, mid-, and long-term time frames. The primary functions of the group are to conduct direction-setting research, transfer research results to industry, and educate and train students for careers in industry. Presently, research in SUPRI-A is divided into 5 main project areas. These projects and their goals include: (1) Multiphase flow and rock properties--to develop better understanding of the physics of displacement in porous media through experiment and theory. This category includes work on imbibition, flow in fractured media, and the effect of temperature on relative permeability and capillary pressure. (2) Hot fluid injection--to improve the application of nonconventional wells for enhanced oil recovery and elucidate the mechanisms of steamdrive in low permeability, fractured porous media. (3) Mechanisms of primary heavy oil recovery--to develop a mechanistic understanding of so-called ''foamy oil'' and its associated physical chemistry. (4) In-situ combustion--to evaluate the effect of different reservoir parameters on the insitu combustion process. (5) Reservoir definition--to develop and improve techniques for evaluating formation properties from production information. What follows is a report on activities for the past year. Significant progress was made in all areas.
(Electron transfer mechanisms in reaction centers)
The long term goal is to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in long-range electron transfer reactions, including charge-separation and stabilization in proteins. We choose to study the photosynthetic bacterial reaction center protein from {ital Rhodopseudomonas} {ital viridis}, {Chromatium} {ital vinosum} and {ital Rhodobacter} {ital sphaeroides} because they offer several unique experimental opportunities and because the attention recently focused on these proteins has brought us to the brink of understanding why evolution has selected the free energy changes and forward and reverse values for the rates of various electron transfer steps which together define a system of remarkably high quantum and energetic efficiency. The present proposal is focused mainly on the role of nuclear motions of reacting cofactors and/or protein matrix in governing reaction rate and the relationships of the rate to the driving force. The possibility of detecting and measuring the effects of intervening virtual states in a superexchange electron transfer mechanism will be addressed in particular with regard to the primary charge separation key reactions that involve chlorophylls, pheophytins, quinones and hemes associated with the reaction center. The reactions occur in the pico- to the millisecond range. The novel point of the work is that of the measurements will be done on reaction centers in which the free-energy of some of the reactions are altered by as much as 1 eV by combined application of electric fields across monolayer films of reaction centers and the chemical replacement of quinone.
Dutton, P.L.
Contact mechanics for randomly rough surfaces
When two solids are squeezed together they will in general not make atomic contact everywhere within the nominal (or apparent) contact area. This fact has huge practical implications and must be considered in many technological applications. In this paper I briefly review basic theories of contact mechanics. I consider in detail a recently developed contact mechanics theory. I derive boundary conditions for the stress probability distribution function for elastic, elastoplastic and adhesive contact between solids and present numerical results illustrating some aspects of the theory. I analyze contact problems for very smooth polymer (PMMA) and Pyrex glass surfaces prepared by cooling liquids of glassy materials from above the glass transition temperature. I show that the surface roughness which results from the frozen capillary waves can have a large influence on the contact between the solids. The analysis suggest a new explanation for puzzling experimental results [L. Bureau, T. Baumberger and C. Caroli, arXiv:cond-mat/0510232] about the dependence of the frictional shear stress on the load for contact between a glassy polymer lens and flat substrates. I discuss the possibility of testing the theory using numerical methods, e.g., finite element calculations.
Bo N. J. Persson
Non-Class 1 Mechanical Implementation Guideline and Mechanical Tools, Revision 4
As part of the application process for license renewal, U.S. nuclear utilities must perform an evaluation to confirm that they have appropriately considered aging effects on plant components within the scope of the License Renewal Rule. An aging management plan must be developed for all Class 1 and non-Class 1 components subject to aging effects. This report presents a set of "mechanical tools" utilities can use to determine which aging effects are applicable to non-Class 1 mechanical components.
Determining the focal mechanisms of earthquakes by full waveform modeling
Determining the focal mechanism of an earthquake helps us to better characterize reservoirs, define faults, and understand the stress and strain regime. The objective of this thesis is to find the focal mechanism and depth ...
Busfar, Hussam A. (Hussam Abdullah)
8.334 Statistical Mechanics II, Spring 2003
A two-semester course on statistical mechanics. Basic principles are examined in 8.333: the laws of thermodynamics and the concepts of temperature, work, heat, and entropy. Postulates of classical statistical mechanics, ...
Levitov, Leonid
Analyzing mechanical and software solutions in their patents
An analysis of patents was conducted in order to find the motivation and reasons behind selecting either a mechanical or software solution. The reasons for selecting a mechanical solution were claimed to be for simplicity, ...
Villarruel, Nicolas R
The Particle Adventure | What holds it together? | Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics One of the surprises of modern science is that atoms and sub-atomic particles do not behave like anything we see in the everyday world. They are...
Fluid mechanics of bubble capture by the diving bell spider
The water spider, a unique member of its species, is used as inspiration for a bubble capture mechanism. Bubble mechanics are studied in the pursuit of a biomimetic solution for transporting air bubbles underwater. Careful ...
Brooks, Alice (Alice P.)
Mechanical and biochemical properties of human cervical tissue
The mechanical integrity of cervical tissue is crucial for maintaining a healthy gestation. Altered tissue biochemistry can cause drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the cervix and contribute to premature ...
Myers, Kristin M
The Mechanics of the Systems of Structured Particles
The mechanics of the structured particles develops. The substantiation of applicability of such mechanics for the description of processes of evolution in open nonequilibrium systems is offered. The consequences following from the equations of dynamics of structured particles are analyzed.
JOM: The Member Journal of TMS - Mechanical Guide
New Study Examines Gender Barriers in STEM... UPCOMING TMS MEETINGS. MECHANICAL GUIDE. Print Friendly Version. The following information mayĀ...