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NIST Time Scale Data Archive
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
NIST Time Scale Data Archive. ... The AT1 scale is run in real time using data from an ensemble of cesium standards and hydrogen masers. ...
Unprecedented Generation Shifts
The economic recession, which reduced electricity demand, and falling natural gas costs have brought about unprecedented shifts in electric generation. These developments have affected coal-fired generation the most, leading to operational challenges (cycling and shut downs), deterioration of financial performance, and an awareness of the vulnerability of many units to retirement. A third force, though usually affecting natural gas unit operations more than coal, is the build-up of wind generation. This ...
NIST Time Scale Data Archive. Updated monthly. Return to Archive index Leap second and UT1-UTC information. This page ...
Time-Off Awards Scale
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
/1/2010 /1/2010 TIME OFF AWARD SCALE The following chart is recommended and should be used unless another time-off award scale has been adopted by the servicing human resources office. TIME OFF SCALE VALUE OF THE EMPLOYEE'S CONTRIBUTION HOURS TO BE AWARDED MODERATE - A contribution to a product, program or service to the public which is of sufficient value to merit formal recognition. Beneficial change or modification of operating principles or procedures. 1 - 10 Hours SUBSTANTIAL - An important contribution to the value of a product, activity, program or service to the public. Significant change or modification or operating principles or procedures. 11 - 20 Hours HIGH - A significant contribution to the value of a product, activity, program or service to
ORNL superconducting wire yields unprecedented performance |...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
ORNL | News | News Releases | 2013 SHARE Media Contact: Morgan McCorkle Communications 865.574.7308 ORNL superconducting wire yields unprecedented performance This figure shows the...
Time-Off Awards Scale | Department of Energy
Time-Off Awards Scale Time-Off Awards Scale This chart is the departmental recommended time-off award scale and should be used unless another time-off award scale has been adopted...
Mesh Generation for SHARP: Unprecedented Complexity | Department of Energy
Mesh Generation for SHARP: Unprecedented Complexity Mesh Generation for SHARP: Unprecedented Complexity Mesh Generation for SHARP: Unprecedented Complexity January 29, 2013 - 1:36pm Addthis SHARP Supporting Elements During this quarter, the framework team was involved in two primary efforts, mesh generation and implementation of a MOAB-based coupled multi-physics simulation. For mesh generation, finishing touches were put on three major, high-complexity hexahedral meshes, and support was provided for their use in various simulations: MATiS-H, an OECD-NEA experiment for single-phase flow over a rod bundle and grid. [ANL] Nuscale, a hexahedral mesh of the core internals of the Multi-Application Small Light Water Reactor, a 1/3-scale mockup of the Nuscale reactor. [ANL] XX09, a high-fidelity model of the XX09 test fuel assembly used in
Time Scales of Land Surface Hydrology
This paper intends to investigate the time scales of land surface hydrology and enhance the understanding of the hydrological cycle between the atmosphere, vegetation, and soil. A three-layer model for land surface hydrology is developed to study ...
Aihui Wang; Xubin Zeng; Samuel S. P. Shen; Qing-Cun Zeng; Robert E. Dickinson
PNA Predictability at Various Time Scales
In this study, the predictability of the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern is evaluated on time scales from days to months using state-of-the-art dynamical multiple model ensembles including the Canadian HFP2 ensemble, the DEMETER ensemble, and ...
Waqar Younas; Youmin Tang
Imaging at All Length and Time Scales
Thematic Workshop Summary: Imaging at All Length and Time Scales Thematic Workshop Summary: Imaging at All Length and Time Scales Organizers: K amel F ezzaa ( APS), M arc D e G raef ( Carnegie M ellon U niversity), N athan G uisinger ( CNM) The a bility t o u nderstand, m odify, a nd c ontrol s ystems i n a v ariety o f e nvironments a cross m ultiple t ime and l ength s cales i s c entral t o m any f undamental c ontemporary r esearch a nd e ngineering c hallenges. Success i n t hese e fforts h inges o n t he a bility t o i mage n ot o nly t he s tructure i n s ystems, b ut a lso t he electronic, m agnetic, o ptical a nd c hemical p roperties a nd b ehavior a ssociated w ith t his s tructure. T he APS, C NM a nd E MC p ossess a d iverse a nd c omplementary a rray o f i maging, m icroscopy a nd s pect--- roscopy p latforms t o p ush t his f rontier o f m ultiscale a nd t ime---resolved i nvestigation.
Space and Time Scales in Ambient Ozone Data
This paper describes the characteristic space and time scales in time series of ambient ozone data. The authors discuss the need and a methodology for cleanly separating the various scales of motion embedded in ozone time series data, namely, ...
S. T. Rao; I. G. Zurbenko; R. Neagu; P. S. Porter; J. Y. Ku; R. F. Henry
Atmosphere Response Time Scales Estimated from AOGCM Experiments
The global-mean surface air temperature response of the climate system to a specific radiative forcing shows characteristic time scales. Identifying these time scales and their corresponding amplitudes (climate sensitivity) allows one to ...
D. J. L. Olivi�; G. P. Peters; D. Saint-Martin
Periodic solution of single population models on time scales
By using the calculus on time scales, we study and establish criterion for the existence of periodic solutions of some scalar dynamical equations on time scales. The existence of periodic solutions for some concrete well-known single population models ... Keywords: Coincidence degree theory, Logistic equations, Periodic solutions, Time scales
Jimin Zhang; Meng Fan; Huaiping Zhu
Unprecedented accurate abundances: signatures of other Earths?
E-Print Network (OSTI)
For more than 140 years the chemical composition of our Sun has been considered typical of solar-type stars. Our highly differential elemental abundance analysis of unprecedented accuracy (~0.01 dex) of the Sun relative to solar twins, shows that the Sun has a peculiar chemical composition with a ~20% depletion of refractory elements relative to the volatile elements in comparison with solar twins. The abundance differences correlate strongly with the condensation temperatures of the elements. A similar study of solar analogs from planet surveys shows that this peculiarity also holds in comparisons with solar analogs known to have close-in giant planets while the majority of solar analogs without detected giant planets show the solar abundance pattern. The peculiarities in the solar chemical composition can be explained as signatures of the formation of terrestrial planets like our own Earth.
Melendez, J; Gustafsson, B; Yong, D; Ram�rez, I
A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength
A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength Print Wednesday, 29 June 2005 00:00 A so-called hollow ion is formed when core...
Real-time static voltage scaling on multiprocessors
We propose a real-time static voltage scaling (RT-SVS) technique called T-L plane transforming, which is an extension of LLREF, an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for multiprocessor systems. We present two RT-SVS algorithms for different types ... Keywords: energy consumption, multiprocessor systems, real-time scheduling, real-time voltage scaling
Kenji Funaoka; Shinpei Kato; Nobuyuki Yamasaki
Influence of indoor transport and mixing times scales on the...
Influence of indoor transport and mixing times scales on the performance of sensor systems for characterizing contaminant releases Title Influence of indoor transport and mixing...
NIST: A Walk Through Time - World Time Scales
... A Walk Through Time - Home Page ... and technologists recognized the inadequacy of timekeeping based on the motion of the Earth, which fluctuates ...
Divergent Circulations on the 30 to 50 Day Time Scale
A brief review of some of the recent results on the 30 to 50 day time scale is presented in this paper. We have examined the divergent circulations on the time scale of 30 to 50 days during the FGGE year. The present study is based on two ...
T. N. Krishnamurti; P. K. Jayakumar; Jian Sheng; Naoml Surgi; Arun Kumar
Average Predictability Time. Part II: Seamless Diagnoses of Predictability on Multiple Time Scales
This paper proposes a new method for diagnosing predictability on multiple time scales without time averaging. The method finds components that maximize the average predictability time (APT) of a system, where APT is defined as the integral of ...
Timothy DelSole; Michael K. Tippett
Compile-time dynamic voltage scaling settings: opportunities and limits
With power-related concerns becoming dominant aspects of hardware and software design, significant research effort has been devoted towards system power minimization. Among run-time power-management techniques, dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has emerged ... Keywords: analytical model, compiler, dynamic voltage scaling, low power, mixed-integer linear programming
Fen Xie; Margaret Martonosi; Sharad Malik
A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength Print A so-called hollow ion is formed when core electrons are removed or excited to higher energy levels, leaving an empty inner...
Orbital tuning of geomagnetic polarity time-scales
Orbital tuning of geomagnetic polarity time-scales By Dennis V. Kent Lamont-Doherty Earth of a previous occurrence (Cox 1969; McFadden & Merrill 1993). The chronology of reversals in a geomagnetic Paper #12;1996 D. V. Kent reverse normal Figure 1. Field of the time-averaged geomagnetic axial dipole
Time Scale and Feedback of Zonal-Mean-Flow Variability
The physical processes that determine the time scale of zonal-mean-flow variability are examined with an idealized numerical model that has a zonally symmetric lower boundary. In the part of the parameter space where the time-mean zonal flow is ...
Seok-Woo Son; Sukyoung Lee; Steven B. Feldstein; John E. Ten Hoeve
Pulmonary crackle detection using time-frequency and time-scale analysis
Pulmonary crackles are used as indicators for the diagnosis of different pulmonary disorders in auscultation. Crackles are very common adventitious transient sounds. From the characteristics of crackles such as timing and number of occurrences, the type ... Keywords: Crackle detection, Denoising, Dual-tree complex wavelet transform, Ensemble methods, Lung sounds, Support vector machines, Time-frequency and time-scale analysis
Gorkem Serbes; C. Okan Sakar; Yasemin P. Kahya; Nizamettin Aydin
A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength Print A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength Print A so-called hollow ion is formed when core electrons are removed or excited to higher energy levels, leaving an empty inner shell. Such states can be produced in He-, a fundamental three-electron system and prototypical negative ion. The nuclear Coulomb attraction is efficiently screened in negative ions, greatly enhancing the effects that the electrons have on each other and providing an ideal opportunity to verify and further motivate theoretical models of electron correlation. Our understanding of these basic interactions can elucidate processes of importance in many fields, from the interpretation of cosmic spectra to x-ray lasing efforts using inner-shell ionization and hollow-ion formation. At the Ion-Photon Beamline at the ALS, researchers have detected in negative helium ions a resonant simultaneous double-Auger decay of unprecedented strength, evidence of a triply excited hollow-ion state that has eluded observation for 25 years.
A Hollow-Ion Resonance of A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength A Hollow-Ion Resonance of Unprecedented Strength Print Wednesday, 29 June 2005 00:00 A so-called hollow ion is formed when core electrons are removed or excited to higher energy levels, leaving an empty inner shell. Such states can be produced in He-, a fundamental three-electron system and prototypical negative ion. The nuclear Coulomb attraction is efficiently screened in negative ions, greatly enhancing the effects that the electrons have on each other and providing an ideal opportunity to verify and further motivate theoretical models of electron correlation. Our understanding of these basic interactions can elucidate processes of importance in many fields, from the interpretation of cosmic spectra to x-ray lasing efforts using inner-shell ionization and hollow-ion formation. At the Ion-Photon Beamline at the ALS, researchers have detected in negative helium ions a resonant simultaneous double-Auger decay of unprecedented strength, evidence of a triply excited hollow-ion state that has eluded observation for 25 years.
Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales
Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Title Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2010...
Multi-Scale Kernel Latent Variable Models for Nonlinear Time Series Pattern Matching
In this paper we propose a method for nonlinear time series pattern matching: "Multi-Scale Kernel Latent Variable (MSKLV) models". The pattern matching methodology includes multi-scale analysis using wavelet decomposition of time series and finding latent ...
B. Venkataramana Kini; C. Chandra Sekhar
The Collagen Protein Viewed at Unprecedented Detail | Advanced Photon
Assembling Nanoparticles the Easy DNA-Way Assembling Nanoparticles the Easy DNA-Way Better, cleaner fuel injectors for automobiles? Poxvirus Potency Uncovered in New Atomic Map Striking Nano Gold Oldest Known Magnet's Secrets Revealed Under High Pressures Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed The Collagen Protein Viewed at Unprecedented Detail FEBRUARY 26, 2008 Bookmark and Share A view of a rat tail tendon using second-harmonic generation microscopy. The collagen fibers show up in green and red. The structure and behavior of one of the most common proteins in our bodies has been resolved at a level of detail never before seen, thanks to new research performed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at the U.S.
Space and Time Scales of Global Tropospheric Moisture
Radiosonde data from a global 118-station network are used to determine the spatial and temporal scales of variability of tropospheric water vapor. Various sources of possible error and bias in the data are analyzed. Changes in instrumentation at ...
Dian J. Gaffen; Tim P. Barnett; William P. Elliott
Nested stochastic simulation algorithms for chemical kinetic systems with multiple time scales
Nested stochastic simulation algorithms for chemical kinetic systems with multiple time scales an efficient numerical algorithm for simulating chemical kinetic systems with multiple time scales. This algo. Our analysis of such multi-scale chemical kinetic systems allows us to identify the slow variables
Van Den Eijnden, Eric
Global terrestrial biogeochemistry: Perturbations, interactions, and time scales
Global biogeochemical processes are being perturbed by human activity, principally that which is associated with industrial activity and expansion of urban and agricultural complexes. Perturbations have manifested themselves at least since the beginning of the 19th Century, and include emissions of CO{sub 2} and other pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, agricultural emissions of reactive nitrogen, and direct disruption of ecosystem function through land conversion. These perturbations yield local impacts, but there are also global consequences that are the sum of local-scale influences. Several approaches to understanding the global-scale implications of chemical perturbations to the Earth system are discussed. The lifetime of anthropogenic CO{sub 2} in the atmosphere is an important concept for understanding the current and future commitment to an altered atmospheric heat budget. The importance of the terrestrial biogeochemistry relative to the lifetime of excess CO{sub 2} is demonstrated using dynamic, aggregated models of the global carbon cycle.
Braswell, B.H. Jr.
29 � Appendix A. PJM Windat Multiple Time Scales Appendix A. PJM Wind Data The windpower data for the PJM control area cover the period January
Coughlin, Katie
Investment Timing and Capacity Choice for Small-Scale Wind Power Under Uncertainty
INVESTMENT TIMING AND CAPACITY CHOICE FOR SMALL-SCALE WINDvalue as a func- tion of capacity is declining because ais reduced with increased capacity. A possible approach for
Fleten, Stein-Erik; Maribu, Karl Magnus
Detecting separate time scales in genetic expression data
that surrounds the quiescent center (QC). Cell types are constrained within files, and with each new cell division, an older cell is suc- cessively displaced distal to the stem cell population. A cell's developmental time line can therefore be tracked along... that surrounds the quiescent center (QC). Cell types are constrained within files, and with each new cell division, an older cell is suc- cessively displaced distal to the stem cell population. A cell's developmental time line can therefore be tracked along...
Orlando, David A; Brady, Siobhan M; Fink, Thomas M A; Benfey, Philip N; Ahnert, Sebastian E
Lagrangian and Eulerian Time-Scale Relations in the Daytime Boundary Layer
Lagrangian (neutral balloon) and Eulerian (tower and aircraft) turbulence observations were made in the daytime mixed layer near Boulder, Colorado. Average sampling time was 25 min. Average Lagrangian time scale is 70 s and average ratio of ...
Steven R. Hanna
Dynamic modelling of metals - Time scales and target loads
Over the past decade steady-state methods have been developed to assess critical loads of metals avoiding long-term risks in view of food quality and eco-toxicological effects on organisms in soils and surface waters. However, dynamic models are needed ... Keywords: Critical loads, Delay times, Dynamic modelling, Metals, Scenario analysis, Target loads
Maximilian Posch; Wim de Vries
Bi-Plasma Interactions on Femtosecond Time-Scales
SciTech Connect
Ultrafast THz radiation has important applications in materials science studies, such as characterizing transport properties, studying the vibrational response of materials, and in recent years, controlling materials and elucidating their response in intense electromagnetic fields. THz fields can be generated in a lab setting using various plasma-based techniques. This study seeks to examine the interaction of two plasmas in order to better understand the fundamental physics associated with femtosecond filamentation processes and to achieve more efficient THz generation in a lab setting. The intensity of fluorescence in the region of overlap was measured as a function of polarization, power, and relative time delay of the two plasma-generating laser beams. Results of time dependent intensity studies indicate strikingly similar behaviors across polarizations and power levels; a sudden intensity spike was observed at time-zero, followed by a secondary maxima and subsequent decay to the initial plasma intensity. Dependence of the intensity on the power through either beam arm was also observed. Spectral studies of the enhanced emission were also carried out. Although this physical phenomenon is still not fully understood, future studies, including further spectral analysis of the fluorescence overlap, could yield new insight into the ultrafast processes occurring at the intersection of femtosecond filaments, and would provide a better understanding of the mechanisms for enhanced THz production.
Scaling Behavior of the First Arrival Time of a Random-Walking Magnetic Domain
We report a universal scaling behavior of the first arrival time of a traveling magnetic domain wall into a finite space-time observation window of a magneto-optical microscope enabling direct visualization of a Barkhausen avalanche in real time. The first arrival time of the traveling magnetic domain wall exhibits a nontrivial fluctuation and its statistical distribution is described by universal power-law scaling with scaling exponents of 1.34 {+-} 0.07 for CoCr and CoCrPt films, despite their quite different domain evolution patterns. Numerical simulation of the first arrival time with an assumption that the magnetic domain wall traveled as a random walker well matches our experimentally observed scaling behavior, providing an experimental support for the random-walking model of traveling magnetic domain walls.
Im, M.-Y.; Lee, S.-H.; Kim, D.-H.; Fischer, P.; Shin, S.-C.
A time management optimization framework for large-scale distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Large-scale distributed HIL(Hardware-In-The-Loop) simulation is an important and indispensable method for testing and verifying complex engineering systems. An important necessary condition for realizing HIL simulation is that the speedup ratio of full-speed ... Keywords: hardware-in-the-loop simulation, large-scale distributed simulation, optimization framework, speedup ratio of simulation, time management
Wei Dong
Singular perturbations and time-scale methods in control theory: Survey 1976-1983
Recent progress in the use of singular perturbation and two-time-scale methods of modeling and design for control systems is reviewed. Over 350 references are organized into major problem areas. Representative issues and results are discussed with a ... Keywords: Singular perturbations, decomposition, estimation, large-scale systems, nonlinear control systems, regulator theory, robustness, stability
V. R. Saksena; J. O'Reilly; P. V. Kokotovic
Mastering Uncertainty and Risk at Multiple Time Scales in the Future Electrical Grid
Today's electrical grids enjoy a relatively clean separation of spatio-temporal scales yielding a compartmentalization of grid design, optimization, control and risk assessment allowing for the use of conventional mathematical tools within each area. In contrast, the future grid will incorporate time-intermittent renewable generation, operate via faster electrical markets, and tap the latent control capability at finer grid modeling scales; creating a fundamentally new set of couplings across spatiotemporal scales and requiring revolutionary advances in mathematics techniques to bridge these scales. One example is found in decade-scale grid expansion planning in which today's algorithms assume accurate load forecasts and well-controlled generation. Incorporating intermittent renewable generation creates fluctuating network flows at the hourly time scale, inherently linking the ability of a transmission line to deliver electrical power to hourly operational decisions. New operations-based planning algorithms are required, creating new mathematical challenges. Spatio-temporal scales are also crossed when the future grid's minute-scale fluctuations in network flows (due to intermittent generation) create a disordered state upon which second-scale transient grid dynamics propagate effectively invalidating today's on-line dynamic stability analyses. Addressing this challenge requires new on-line algorithms that use large data streams from new grid sensing technologies to physically aggregate across many spatial scales to create responsive, data-driven dynamic models. Here, we sketch the mathematical foundations of these problems and potential solutions.
Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bent, Russell W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Backhaus, Scott N. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Observed Interaction between Pacific Sea Ice and the Western Pacific Pattern on Intraseasonal Time Scales
The relationship between North Pacific sea ice and the Western Pacific (WP) pattern is examined using wintertime observational data between 1978 and 2008. Weekly averaged data are chosen to capture the characteristically short time scale of the ...
N. Joss Matthewman; Gudrun Magnusdottir
On the Space�Time Scales of the Surface Solar Radiation Field
The characteristic space�time scales of surface solar radiation fields measured by the 111-instrument MESONET in Oklahoma are estimated after removal of the diurnal cycle. These estimates of �within-day� variability are used to deduce the ...
T. P. Barnett; J. Ritchie; J. Foat; G. Stokes
On the Time Scale of Nocturnal Boundary Layer Cooling in Valleys and Basins and over Plains
Sequences of vertical temperature soundings over flat plains and in a variety of valleys and basins of different sizes and shapes were used to determine cooling-time-scale characteristics in the nocturnal stable boundary layer under clear, ...
Stephan F. J. De Wekker; C. David Whiteman
Large-Eddy Simulation of Air Parcels in Stratocumulus Clouds: Time Scales and Spatial Variability
Large ensembles of air parcel trajectories driven by the (large-eddy simulation) LES-generated velocity fields from simulations of stratocumulus clouds were analyzed, focusing on statistics of air parcel in-cloud time scales, as well as their ...
Yefim L. Kogan
A Time-Scale Decomposition Approach to Statistically Downscale Summer Rainfall over North China
A time-scale decomposition (TSD) approach to statistically downscale summer rainfall over North China is described. It makes use of two distinct downscaling models respectively corresponding to the interannual and interdecadal rainfall ...
Yan Guo; Jianping Li; Yun Li
Intraseasonal Teleconnection between North American and Western North Pacific Monsoons with 20-Day Time Scale
Based on a recently released, high-resolution reanalysis dataset for the North American region, the intraseasonal variability (ISV; with a time scale of about 20 days) of the North American monsoon (NAM) is examined. The rainfall signals ...
Xianan Jiang; Ngar-Cheung Lau
Time Scales and Variability of Area-Averaged Tropical Oceanic Rainfall
A statistical analysis of time series of area-averaged rainfall over the oceans has been conducted around the diurnal time scale. The results of our analysis can be applied directly to the problem of establishing the magnitude of expected errors ...
Kyung-Sup Shin; Gerald R. North; Yoo-Shin Ahn; Phillip A. Arkin
A geometrical solution to time series searching invariant to shifting and scaling
The technique of searching for similar patterns among time series data is very useful in many applications. The problem becomes difficult when shifting and scaling are considered. We find that we can treat the problem geometrically and the major contribution ... Keywords: information search and retrieval, similarity search, spatial indexing, time series database
Mi Zhou; Man-Hon Wong; Kam-Wing Chu
Analysis of the Relationship of U.S. Droughts with SST and Soil Moisture: Distinguishing the Time Scale of Droughts
The impacts of droughts depend on how long droughts persist and the reasons why droughts extend to different time scales may be different. The present study distinguishes the time scale of droughts based on the standardized precipitation index ...
Renguang Wu; James L. Kinter III
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of the Syracuse Athena Temple: Scale Invariance in the Timing of Ruptures
We perform a comparative statistical analysis between the acoustic-emission time series from the ancient Greek Athena temple in Syracuse and the sequence of nearby earthquakes. We find an apparent association between acoustic-emission bursts and the earthquake occurrence. The waiting-time distributions for acoustic-emission and earthquake time series are described by a unique scaling law indicating self-similarity over a wide range of magnitude scales. This evidence suggests a correlation between the aging process of the temple and the local seismic activity.
Niccolini, G.; Carpinteri, A.; Lacidogna, G.; Manuello, A. [Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino (Italy)] [Department of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (Italy)
A real-time self-tuning fuzzy controller through scaling factor adjustment for the steam generator of NPP
Keywords: fuzzy controller, instantaneous system performance, real-time, scaling factor, self-tuning, steam generator, variable reference tuning index
Chul-Hwan Jung; Chang-Shik Ham; Kuhn-Il Lee
Radiative Influences on Glaciation Time-Scales of Mixed-Phase Clouds
Radiative Influences on Glaciation Time-Scales of Mixed-Phase Clouds Radiative Influences on Glaciation Time-Scales of Mixed-Phase Clouds Harrington, Jerry The Pennsylvania State University Category: Modeling Mixed-phase stratus clouds are dominant in the Arctic during much of the year. These clouds typically have liquid tops that precipitate ice. Time scales for the complete glaciation of such clouds (the Bergeron process) are typically computed using the classical mass growth equations for crystals and liquid drops. However, mixed phase arctic stratus have significant infrared cooling and solar heating (during the warm season) rates that can affect the growth of water drops and ice crystals, and therefore the strength of the Bergeron process. To examine the influence of radiative heating and cooling on the Bergeron process, we incorporate a
Positive solutions of nonlinear m-point boundary value problems on time scales
In this paper, by using fixed point theorems in a cone and the associated Green's function, we study the existence of at least two and three positive solutions to the m-point boundary value problem (BVP) on time scales, u^@D^@?(t)+f(t,u(t))=0,t@?[0,1]@?T,@bu(0)-@cu^@D(0)=0,u(1)=@?i=1m-2@a"iu(@e"i),m>=3, ... Keywords: 34B10, 34B18, 39A10, Fixed-point theorems, Positive solutions, Time scales, m-point boundary value problems
N. Aykut Hamal; Fulya Yoruk
Method for long time scale simulations of solids: Application to crystal growth and dopant clustering
An important challenge in theoretical chemistry is the time scale problem. Atomic motion can be simulated directly by integrating Newton's equations over a time scale of nanoseconds, but most interesting chemical reactions take place on a time scale of seconds. We have developed a methodology to bridge this time scale gap using harmonic transition state theory suitable for solid systems. Possible reactive events and their rates are found with a saddle point finding method called the dimer method. When enough events are found, a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm is used to choose which event occurs so that the system's position can be advanced in time. This technique has two major advantages over traditional kinetic Monte Carlo -- atoms do not have to map onto lattice sites for classification and kinetic events can be arbitrarily complicated. We have studied the homoepitaxial growth of aluminum and copper using an EAM potential at 80K with experimentally relevant deposition rates of monolayers per minute using a multiple time scale approach. Atomic deposition events are simulated directly with classical dynamics for several picoseconds until the incident energy has dissipated, and the long time between deposition events is simulated with the adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo method. Our simulations indicate that the Al( 100) surface grows much smoother then Cu( 100) at temperature between 0 and 80K due in part to long range multi atom processes which enable aluminum atoms to easily descend from atop islands. The high rate of such processes is due to their low activation energy, which is supported by density functional theory calculations, and the trend that processes involving more atoms tend to have larger prefactors and be favored by entropy. The scheme is efficient enough to model the evolution of systems with ab-initio forces as well, for which I will show an example of the breakup of dopant clusters in silicon.
Henkelman, G. A. (Graeme A.); Uberuaga, B. P. (Blas Pedro); J�nsson, Hannes,
Space Chamber Reaches Cold Target at Unprecedented Efficiency | U.S. DOE
Space Chamber Reaches Cold Target at Unprecedented Efficiency Space Chamber Reaches Cold Target at Unprecedented Efficiency Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Funding Opportunities Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) News & Resources Contact Information Nuclear Physics U.S. Department of Energy SC-26/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3613 F: (301) 903-3833 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » October 2012 Space Chamber Reaches Cold Target at Unprecedented Efficiency Thomas Jefferson Laboratory lends expertise in cryogenics developments. Print Text Size: A A A Subscribe FeedbackShare Page Click to enlarge photo. Enlarge Photo Image courtesy of NASA NASA's Space Environment Simulation Lab Chamber A, which is used by the
Horizontal Structure of 500 mb Height Fluctuations with Long, Intermediate and Short Time Scales
Maps of standard deviations and one-point correlation maps based on twice-daily data subjected to a variety of temporal filters are presented, in order to document the horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with different time scales. ...
Maurice L. Blackmon; Y-H. Lee; John M. Wallace
Scaling self-timed systems powered by mechanical vibration energy harvesting
Passive energy harvesting from mechanical vibration has wide application in wearable devices and wireless sensors to complement or replace batteries. Energy harvesting efficiency can be increased by eliminating AC/DC conversion. A test chip demonstrating ... Keywords: AC power supply, DRAM, energy harvesting, energy-aware systems, integrated circuits, low-power design, power-on reset, scaling, self-timed
Justin Wenck; Jamie Collier; Jeff Siebert; Rajeevan Amirtharajah
An enhanced dynamic voltage scaling scheme for energy-efficient embedded real-time control systems
Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling (RT-DVS) has been one of the most important techniques for energy savings in battery-powered embedded systems. However, pure RT-DVS approaches rarely take into account the actual performance requirements of the target ...
Feng Xia; Youxian Sun
Time scales and pathways for kinetic energy relaxation in solvated proteins: Application to carbonmonoxy myoglobin
of ki- netic energy equipartitioning compared to that of the hydro- gen atoms. These backbone atomsTime scales and pathways for kinetic energy relaxation in solvated proteins: Application, the rates of kinetic energy partitioning for various elements of solvated carboxy-myoglobin were calculated
Straub, John E.
How Much Energy Is Transferred from the Winds to the Thermocline on ENSO Time Scales?
How Much Energy Is Transferred from the Winds to the Thermocline on ENSO Time Scales? JACLYN N the winds (via wind power) and changes in the storage of available potential energy in the tropical ocean~o is characterized by a decrease in wind power that leads to a decrease in available potential energy, and hence
Evaluation of scalar mixing and time scale models in PDF simulations of a turbulent premixed flame
Numerical simulation results obtained with a transported scalar probability density function (PDF) method are presented for a piloted turbulent premixed flame. The accuracy of the PDF method depends on the scalar mixing model and the scalar time scale model. Three widely used scalar mixing models are evaluated: the interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) model, the modified Curl's coalescence/dispersion (CD) model and the Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST) model. The three scalar mixing models are combined with a simple model for the scalar time scale which assumes a constant C{sub {phi}}=12 value. A comparison of the simulation results with available measurements shows that only the EMST model calculates accurately the mean and variance of the reaction progress variable. An evaluation of the structure of the PDF's of the reaction progress variable predicted by the three scalar mixing models confirms this conclusion: the IEM and CD models predict an unrealistic shape of the PDF. Simulations using various C{sub {phi}} values ranging from 2 to 50 combined with the three scalar mixing models have been performed. The observed deficiencies of the IEM and CD models persisted for all C{sub {phi}} values considered. The value C{sub {phi}}=12 combined with the EMST model was found to be an optimal choice. To avoid the ad hoc choice for C{sub {phi}}, more sophisticated models for the scalar time scale have been used in simulations using the EMST model. A new model for the scalar time scale which is based on a linear blending between a model for flamelet combustion and a model for distributed combustion is developed. The new model has proven to be very promising as a scalar time scale model which can be applied from flamelet to distributed combustion. (author)
Stoellinger, Michael; Heinz, Stefan [Department of Mathematics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)
Fission time-scale in experiments and in multiple initiation model
Rate of fission for highly-excited nuclei is affected by the viscose character of the systemmotion in deformation coordinates as was reported for very heavy nuclei with Z{sub C} > 90. The long time-scale of fission can be described in a model of 'fission by diffusion' that includes an assumption of the overdamped diabatic motion. The fission-to-spallation ratio at intermediate proton energy could be influenced by the viscosity, as well. Within a novel approach of the present work, the cross examination of the fission probability, time-scales, and pre-fission neutron multiplicities is resulted in the consistent interpretation of a whole set of the observables. Earlier, different aspects could be reproduced in partial simulations without careful coordination.
Karamian, S. A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation)
Scaling Laws and Transient Times in 3He Induced Nuclear Fission
Fission excitation functions of compound nuclei in a mass region where shell effects are expected to be very strong are shown to scale exactly according to the transition state prediction once these shell effects are accounted for. The fact that no deviations from the transition state method have been observed within the experimentally investigated excitation energy regime allows one to assign an upper limit for the transient time of 10 zs.
Th. Rubehn; K. X. Jing; L. G. Moretto; L. Phair; K. Tso; G. J. Wozniak
Gravo-thermodynamics of the Intracluster Medium: negative heat capacity and dilation of cooling time scales
The time scale for cooling of the gravitationally bound gaseous intracluster medium (ICM) is not determined by radiative processes alone. If the ICM is in quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium in the fixed gravitational field of the dark matter halo then energy losses incurred by the gravitational potential energy of the gas should also be taken into account. This "gravitational heating" has been known for a while using explicit solutions to the equations of motion. Here, we re-visit this effect by applying the virial theorem to gas in quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium in an external gravitational field, neglecting the gravity of the gas. For a standard NFW form of halo profiles and for a finite gas density, the response of the gas temperature to changes in the total energy is significantly delayed. The effective cooling time could be prolonged by more than an order of magnitude inside the scale radius ($\\rs$) of the halo. Gas lying at a distance twice the scale radius, has negative heat capacity so that the temperature increases as a result of energy losses. Although external heating (e.g. by AGN activity) is still required to explain the lack of cool ICM near the center, the analysis here may circumvent the need for heating in farther out regions where the effective cooling time could be prolonged to become larger than the cluster age and also explains the increase of temperature with radius in these regions.
Adi Nusser
Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Title Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-4147E Year of Publication 2010 Authors Coughlin, Katie, and Joseph H. Eto Date Published 12/2010 Publisher LBNL City Berkeley Keywords renewable generation integration Abstract In this study we develop and apply new methods of data analysis for high resolution wind power and system load time series, to improve our understanding of how to characterize highly variable wind power output and the correlations between wind power and load. These methods are applied to wind and load data from the ERCOT region, and wind power output from the PJM and NYISO areas. We use a wavelet transform to apply mathematically well-defined operations of smoothing and differencing to the time series data. This approach produces a set of time series of the changes in wind power and load (or "deltas"), over a range of times scales from a few seconds to approximately one hour. A number of statistical measures of these time series are calculated. We present sample distributions, and devise a method for fitting the empirical distribution shape in the tails. We also evaluate the degree of serial correlation, and linear correlation between wind and load. Our examination of the data shows clearly that the deltas do not follow a Gaussian shape; the distribution is exponential near the center and appears to follow a power law for larger fluctuations. Gaussian distributions are frequently used in modeling studies. These are likely to over-estimate the probability of small to moderate deviations. This in turn may lead to an over-estimation of the additional reserve requirement (hence the cost) for high penetration of wind. The Gaussian assumption provides no meaningful information about the real likelihood of large fluctuations. The possibility of a power law distribution is interesting because it suggests that the distribution shape for of wind power fluctuations may become independent of system size for large enough systems.
Cook County William N. Erickson, President Roberts Mann, Supt. of Conservation SCALES Fish are stream-lined. They have to be. Some kinds, like the catfish, are covered with a...
communications becomes shorter. If the time for the global transpose is of the same order of magnitude as the computa- tion time, then the required communication becomes a...
Investment Timing and Capacity Choice for Small-Scale Wind PowerUnder Uncertainty
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This paper presents a method for evaluation of investments in small-scale wind power under uncertainty. It is assumed that the price of electricity is uncertain and that an owner of a property with wind resources has a deferrable opportunity to invest in one wind power turbine within a capacity range. The model evaluates investment in a set of projects with different capacity. It is assumed that the owner substitutes own electricity load with electricity from the wind mill and sells excess electricity back to the grid on an hourly basis. The problem for the owner is to find the price levels at which it is optimal to invest, and in which capacity to invest. The results suggests it is optimal to wait for significantly higher prices than the net present value break-even. Optimal scale and timing depend on the expected price growth rate and the uncertainty in the future prices.
Visualization of Electrohydrodynamic Effects and Time Scale Analysis for Impinging Spray Droplets of HFE-7000
Spray cooling is becoming a leading technique for removing excess heat from high heat flux electronics. Electrohydrodynamic effects have been found to result in significant variation in spray behavior once the applied voltage level is increased enough to reach the Rayleigh limit. In the present work the dielectric coolant HFE-7000 has been used to study spray cooling heat transfer across a thick film resistor heater mounted to a 16 mm diameter pedestal. Heater power levels have been varied from 0 to 80 Watts, with spray flow rates varied from 2 GPH to 6 GPH (2.1x10{sup -6} m{sup 3}/s to 6.3x10{sup -6} m{sup 3}/s). Applied voltage levels between 0 kV and 30 kV with both positive and negative polarity have been applied directly to the brass spray nozzle, resulting in contact charging of the spray. A high-speed video camera was used to study behavior of both the impinging spray and the liquid film that formed on the heater surface. The contact charging was observed to lead to electrostatic atomization or 'breakup' of the droplets. Time scale estimates of the various physical processes within the spray and the liquid film based on the average droplet size have indicated that the time between droplet impacts falling into a crater from a previous droplet is the shortest time scale, which will limit the amount of heat transfer that may take place during spray cooling. However, the observed time between large droplet impacts onto the same heater surface location is comparable to the computed time to heat and vaporize a large drop, indicating a new explanation for the onset of spray cooling CHF: localized dryout of the original large droplet impact craters.
Kreitzer, Paul J.; Kuhlman, John M. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6106 (United States)
Scaling laws, transient times and shell effects in helium induced nuclear fission
Fission excitation functions of He-3 and He-4 induced compound nuclei are shown to scale exactly according to the Bohr-Wheeler transition state prediction once the shell effects are accounted for. The presented method furthermore allows one to model-independently extract values for the shell effects which are in good agreement to those obtained from liquid-drop model calculations. The fact that no deviations from the transition state method have been observed within the experimentally investigated excitation energy regime allows one to assign an upper limit for the transient time of 10 zs.
Remote Sensing May Provide Unprecedented Hydrological Data http://www.agu.org/eos_elec, 1999 American Geophysical Union.
Remote Sensing May Provide Unprecedented Hydrological Data http://www.agu.org/eos_elec, © 1999 American Geophysical Union. Remote Sensing May Provide Unprecedented Hydrological Data -- Randal D. Koster, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md., USA Use of remote sensing
Houser, Paul R.
Wind speed forecasting at different time scales: a non parametric approach
The prediction of wind speed is one of the most important aspects when dealing with renewable energy. In this paper we show a new nonparametric model, based on semi-Markov chains, to predict wind speed. Particularly we use an indexed semi-Markov model, that reproduces accurately the statistical behavior of wind speed, to forecast wind speed one step ahead for different time scales and for very long time horizon maintaining the goodness of prediction. In order to check the main features of the model we show, as indicator of goodness, the root mean square error between real data and predicted ones and we compare our forecasting results with those of a persistence model.
D'Amico, Guglielmo; Prattico, Flavio
Investigation of astrophysical phenomena in short time scales with "Pi of the Sky" apparatus
In this thesis the data analysis designed by author for the "Pi of the Sky" experiment is presented. The data analysis consists of data reduction and specific algorithms for identification of short time scale astrophysical processes. The algorithms have been tested and their efficiency has been determined and described. The "Pi of the Sky" prototype is collecting data since June 2004 and algorithms could be intensively studied and improved during over 700 nights. A few events of confirmed astrophysical origin and above 100 events in 10s time scale of unknown nature have been discovered. During the data collection period 3 Gamma Ray Bursts (out of 231) occurred in the field of view of the telescope, but no optical counterpart has been found. The upper limits for brightness of the optical counterpart have been determined. The continuous monitoring of the sky and own trigger for optical flashes allowed to determine limits on the number of GRBs without corresponding gamma-ray detection. This allowed determining limits on the ratio of emission collimation in optical and gamma bands, which is R >= 4.4. The perspectives of the full "Pi of the Sky" system has been studied and number of positive detections has been estimated on the level of ~ 2.5 events per year.
Marcin Sokolowski
The effect of a fifth large-scale space-time dimension on orbital dynamics
A model based on simple assumptions about 4-dimensional space-time being closed and isotropic, and embedded in a 5th large-scale dimension, r, representing the radius of curvature of space-time, has been used in an application of Newton's Second Law to describe a system with angular momentum. It has been found that the equations of MOND used to explain the rotation curves of galaxies appear as a limit within this derivation and that there is a universal acceleration constant, ao, with a value, again consistent with that used by MOND. This approach does not require modification of Newtonian dynamics, only its extension into a fifth large-scale dimension. The transition from the classical Newtonian dynamics to the MOND regime emerges naturally and without the introduction of arbitrary fitting functions, if this 5-dimensional model is adopted. The paper also includes the derivation of an effect in 5-dimensional orbital dynamics which is in reasonable agreement with the observed Pioneer Anomaly.
M. B. Gerrard; T. J. Sumner
Time scales of DNAPL migration in sandy aquifers examined via numerical simulation
The time required for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) to cease migrating following release to the subsurface is a valuable component of a site conceptual model. This study uses numerical simulation to investigate the migration of six different DNAPLs in sandy aquifers. The most influential parameters governing migration cessation time are the density and viscosity of the DNAPL and the mean hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Releases of between 1 and 40 drums of chlorinated solvent DNAPLs, characterized by relatively high density and low viscosity, require on the order of months to a few years to cease migrating in a heterogeneous medium sand aquifer having an average hydraulic conductivity of 7.4 x 10{sup -3} cm/s. In contrast to this, the release of 20 drums of coal tar {rho}{sub D} = 1061 kg/m{sup 3}, {mu}{sub D} = 0.161 Pa(.)s) requires more than 100 years to cease migrating in the same aquifer. Altering the mean hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer results in a proportional change in cessation times. Parameters that exhibit relatively little influence on migration time scales are the DNAPL-water interfacial tension, release volume, source capillary pressure, mean aquifer porosity, and ambient ground water hydraulic gradient. This study also demonstrates that low-density DNAPLs (e.g., coal tar) give rise to greater amounts of lateral spreading and greater amounts of pooling on capillary barriers than high-density DNAPLs such as trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene.
Gerhard, J.I.; Pang, T.; Kueper, B.H. [University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (United Kingdom). Inst. of Infrastructure & Environmental
BUILDING UNDERWATER AD-HOC NETWORKS AND SENSOR NETWORKS FOR LARGE SCALE REAL-TIME AQUATIC, CT 06269 Gainesville, FL 32611 Abstract-- Large-scale Underwater Ad-hoc Networks (UANET) and Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) are novel networking paradigms to explore the uninhabited oceans. How- ever
Cui, Jun-Hong
In this study we develop and apply new methods of data analysis for high resolution wind power and system load time series, to improve our understanding of how to characterize highly variable wind power output and the correlations between wind power and load. These methods are applied to wind and load data from the ERCOT region, and wind power output from the PJM and NYISO areas. We use a wavelet transform to apply mathematically well-defined operations of smoothing and differencing to the time series data. This approach produces a set of time series of the changes in wind power and load (or ?deltas?), over a range of times scales from a few seconds to approximately one hour. A number of statistical measures of these time series are calculated. We present sample distributions, and devise a method for fitting the empirical distribution shape in the tails. We also evaluate the degree of serial correlation, and linear correlation between wind and load. Our examination of the data shows clearly that the deltas do not follow a Gaussian shape; the distribution is exponential near the center and appears to follow a power law for larger fluctuations. Gaussian distributions are frequently used in modeling studies. These are likely to over-estimate the probability of small to moderate deviations. This in turn may lead to an over-estimation of the additional reserve requirement (hence the cost) for high penetration of wind. The Gaussian assumption provides no meaningful information about the real likelihood of large fluctuations. The possibility of a power law distribution is interesting because it suggests that the distribution shape for of wind power fluctuations may become independent of system size for large enough systems.
Coughlin, Katie; Eto, J.H.
Diagnosing the strength of land-atmosphere coupling at sub-seasonal to seasonal time scales in Asia
This paper focuses on diagnosing the strength of soil moisture-atmosphere coupling at sub-seasonal to seasonal time scales over Asia using two different approaches, the conditional correlation approach (applied to the GLDAS data, the CFSR ...
Di Liu; Guiling Wang; Rui Mei; Zhongbo Yu; Huanghe Gu
Estimates of Time and Space Scales at 300 Meters in the Midlatitude North Pacific from the TRANSPAC XBT Program
Estimates of length and time scales of temperature variability at 300 meters in the midlatitude North Pacific are made. Data are XBT traces collected from 1976 to 1984 in the TRANSPAC Volunteer Observing Ship program. Temperatures at 300 meters ...
Lynne D. Talley; Warren B. White
Enhanced Shape-Invariant Pitch And Time-Scale Modification For Concatenative Speech Synthesis
To preserve shape-invariance when pitch or time-scale modifying sinusoidally modelled voiced speech, the phases of the sinusoids used to model the glottal excitation are made to add coherently at estimated excitation points. Previous methods achieve this by estimating excitation phases at synthesis frame boundaries, disregarding the frequency modulation that may occur between the frame boundary and the nearest modified excitation point. This approximation can produce a significant mis-alignment of the excitation phases, leading to distortion of the temporal structure of the synthetic speech. In this paper, a shape-invariant technique is proposed which aligns the excitation phases at excitation points, whilst allowing for variations in the frequency of the sinusoidal components.
M. P. Pollard; B. M. G. Cheetham; C. C. Goodyear; M. D. Edgington; A. Lowry
Intrinsic dynamics of heart regulatory systems on short time-scales: from experiment to modelling
We discuss open problems related to the stochastic modeling of cardiac function. The work is based on an experimental investigation of the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) in the absence of respiratory perturbations. We consider first the cardiac control system on short time scales via an analysis of HRV within the framework of a random walk approach. Our experiments show that HRV on timescales of less than a minute takes the form of free diffusion, close to Brownian motion, which can be described as a non-stationary process with stationary increments. Secondly, we consider the inverse problem of modeling the state of the control system so as to reproduce the experimentally observed HRV statistics of. We discuss some simple toy models and identify open problems for the modelling of heart dynamics.
Khovanov, I A; McClintock, P V E; Stefanovska, A
47E 47E ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Analysis of Wind Power and Load Data at Multiple Time Scales Katie Coughlin and Joseph H. Eto Environmental Energy Technologies Division December 2010 The work described in this report was funded by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Electric Reliability. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the
Advective Time Scales of Agulhas Leakage to the North Atlantic in Surface Drifter Observations and the 3D OFES Model
The advective transit time of temperature�salinity anomalies from the Agulhas region to the regions of deep convection in the North Atlantic Ocean is an important time scale in climate, because it has been linked to variability in the Atlantic ...
Erik van Sebille; Lisa M. Beal; William E. Johns
Scaling studies and time-resolved microwave measurements on a relativistic backward-wave oscillator
The authors built a relativistic backward-wave oscillator (BWO) operating at a frequency near 8 GHz. In the experiments, the parameters of the 60-ns electron beam driving this microwave source were varied over the ranges 0.8--1.5 MV and 2--10 kA. Also, they tried several different annular cathodes for launching the electron beam varying the outer radius and shape. The axial magnetic field guiding the beam through the BWO was varied between 0.6 and 3 T. Finally, they investigated the power transfer downstream to an output waveguide as a function of the shape of the transition from the BWO to the waveguide. They discuss the scaling of the output power and frequency with these variations. In addition, they show time-resolved measurements of 2-ns-long segments of the microwave output. In observations of the microwave signal, they found the frequency shifted as the output power envelope passed through a sharp dip; they propose that this shift corresponds to a change in the longitudinal operating mode of the BWO.
Swegle, J.A.; Anderson, R.A.; Camacho, J.F.; Poole, B.R.; Rhodes, M.A.; Rosenbury, E.T.; Shaeffer, D.L. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Multi-physics investigation on the failure mechanism and short-time scale wave motion in flip-chip configuration
The demands for higher clock speeds and larger current magnitude in high-performance flip-chip electronic packaging configurations of small footprint have inevitably raised the concern over rapid thermal transients and large thermal spatial gradients that could severely compromise package performance. Coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical multi-physics were explored to evaluate the concern and to establish the knowledge base necessary for improving flip-chip reliability. It was found that within the first few hundred nanoseconds upon power-on, there were fast attenuating, dispersive shock waves of extremely high frequency propagating in the package. The notions of high cycle fatigue, power density and joint time-frequency analysis were employed to characterize the waves and the various failure modes associated with the moving of these short-lived dynamical disturbances in bulk materials and along interfaces. A qualitative measure for failure was also developed which enables the extent of damages inflicted by short-time wave propagation to be calculated in the probability sense. Failure modes identified in this study are all in agreement with what have been observed in industry. This suggests that micron cracks or interfacial flaws initiated at the short-time scale would be further propagated by the CTE-induced thermal stresses at the long-time scale and result in eventual electrical disruptions. Although epoxy-based underfills with fillers were shown to be effective in alleviating thermal stresses and improving solder joint fatigue performance in thermal cycling tests of long-time scale, underfill material viscoelasticity was found to be insignificant in attenuating short-time scale wave propagation. On the other hand, the inclusion of Cu interconnecting layers in flip-chips was shown to perform significantly better than Al layers in suppressing short-time scale effects. These results imply that, if improved flip-chip reliability is to be achieved, all packaging constituent materials need to be formulated to have well-defined short-time scale and long-time scale properties. In addition, the results also suggest that the composition and layout of all packaging components be optimized to achieve discouraging or suppressing short-time scale dynamic effects. In summary, results reported herein and numerical procedures developed for the research would not just render higher packaging manufacturing yield, but also bring out significant impact on packaging development, packaging material formulation and micro-circuit layout design.
Oh, Yoonchan
Micron-Scale Measurements of Heat Capacity by Time-Domain ...
Presentation Title, Micron-Scale Measurements of Heat Capacity by ... is developed for localized measurement of specific heat capacity with a spatial resolution�...
Symmetric positive solutions of fourth order boundary value problems for an increasing homeomorphism and homomorphism on time-scales
Let T@?R be a symmetric bounded time-scale, with a=minT,b=maxT. We consider the following fourth order boundary value problem @f(-px^@D^@?)^@D^@?(t)+f(t,x(t))=0,t@?T"""@k"""^"""2^^^@k^^^^^^^2,x(a)=x(b)=0,x^@D^@?(@s(a))=x^@D^@?(@r(b))=0 for a suitable ... Keywords: Fourth order boundary value problems, Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem, Symmetric positive solutions, Symmetric time-scales
Erbil �etin; F. Serap Topal
Investigating Time-Scale Effects on Reference Evapotranspiration from Epan Data in North China
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and pan evaporation (Epan) are key parameters in hydrological and meteorological studies. The authors� objectives were to evaluate the ratio of ETo to Epan (kp) at daily and monthly scales and to predict average ...
Yi Li; Robert Horton; Tusheng Ren; Chunyan Chen
REFERENCES [1] American Wind Power Association (AWEA), Road-CHOICE FOR SMALL-SCALE WIND POWER UNDER UNCERTAINTY Stein-Power production from wind power has stochastic inflows, and
A Test of the Strict Quasi-Equilibrium Theory on Long Time and Space Scales
Quasi-equilibrium convective parameterizations share the common assumption that in regions of sustained deep convection rates of change in convective available potential energy (CAPE) are small compared to the magnitude of the large-scale and ...
Randy G. Brown; Christopher S. Bretherton
Convective Planetary Boundary Layer Interactions with the Land Surface at Diurnal Time Scales: Diagnostics and Feedbacks
The convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) integrates surface fluxes and conditions over regional and diurnal scales. As a result, the structure and evolution of the PBL contains information directly related to land surface states. To examine ...
Joseph A. Santanello Jr.; Mark A. Friedl; Michael B. Ek
Rainfall Variability at Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Signal or Noise?
Rainfall variability occurs over a wide range of temporal scales. Knowledge and understanding of such variability can lead to improved risk management practices in agricultural and other industries. Analyses of temporal patterns in 100 yr of ...
Holger Meinke; Peter deVoil; Graeme L. Hammer; Scott Power; Robert Allan; Roger C. Stone; Chris Folland; Andries Potgieter
Scott Distributed power generation (New York, Marcel Dekker,the renewable share of power generation. The American Windin small-scale wind power generation, as well as the choice
Microwave Radiometer Calibration on Decadal Time Scales Using On-Earth Brightness Temperature References: Application to the TOPEX Microwave Radiometer
A method is described to calibrate a satellite microwave radiometer operating near 18�37 GHz on decadal time scales for the purposes of climate studies. The method uses stable on-earth brightness temperature references over the full dynamic range ...
Shannon Brown; Shailen Desai; Stephen Keihm; Wenwen Lu
A Characterization of African Easterly Waves on 2.5�6-Day and 6�9-Day Time Scales
This study shows that the African easterly wave (AEW) activity over the African monsoon region and the northern tropical Atlantic can be divided in two distinct temporal bands with time scales of 2.5�6 and 6�9 days. The results are based on a two-...
Man-Li C. Wu; Oreste Reale; Siegfried D. Schubert
Problem Set # 5 1. In a stratified flow the energy containing eddies have a time scale of N-1
Problem Set # 5 1. In a stratified flow the energy containing eddies have a time scale of N-1 . (a , .1 o T C z m , (b) calculate the characteristic velocity of the energy containing eddies. (c is the turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass 23 2 E u , u, the characteristic turbulent velocity, the turbulent
Goodman, Louis
The Coherence Time of Midtropospheric Wind Features as a Function of Vertical Scale from 300 m to 2 km
The coherence between vertical wind profiles separated by a time lag is measured as a function of vertical scale from Doppler radar wind profiler data. Each profile covers altitudes from 6811 m to 16?261 m and is Fourier transformed over a ...
Francis J. Merceret
The Effect of the Interference of Traveling and Stationary Waves on Time Variations of the Large-Scale Circulation
It is hypothesized that the interference of stationary and traveling waves of the same longitudinal can cause some of the observed time variations in the large-scale circulation. To explore this hypothesis the eight-winter average structure of a ...
Roland A. Madden
A General Systems Theory for Chaos, Quantum Mechanics and Gravity for Dynamical Systems of all Space-Time Scales
Non-local connections, i. e. long-range space-time correlations intrinsic to the observed subatomic dynamics of quantum systems is also exhibited by macro-scale dynamical systems as selfsimilar fractal space-time fluctuations and is identified as self-organized criticality. The author has developed a general systems theory for the observed self-organized criticality applicable to dynamical systems of all space-time scales based on the concept that spatial integration of enclosed small-scale fluctuations results in the formation of large eddy circulation. The eddy energy spectrum therefore represents the statistical normal distribution according to the Central Limit Theorem. The additive amplitudes of eddies, when squared (variance or eddy kinetic energy), represent the statistical normal (probability) distribution, a result observed in the subatomic dynamics of quantum systems. The model predicts Kepler's laws of planetary motion for eddy circulation dynamics. Inverse square law of gravitation therefore applies to the eddy continuum ranging from subatomic to macro-scale dynamical systems, e.g. weather systems. The model is similar to a superstring model for subatomic dynamics which unifies quantum mechanical and classical concepts and manifestation of matter is visualised as vibrational modes in string-like energy flow patterns. The cumulative sum of centripetal forces in a hierarchy of vortex circulations may result in the observed inverse square law form for gravitational attraction between inertial masses of the eddies.
A M Selvam
Time efficient fabrication of ultra large scale nano dot arrays using electron beam lithography
An astonishingly simple yet versatile alternative method for the creation of ultra large scale nano dot arrays [1-3] utilising the fact that exposure in electron beam lithography (EBL) is performed by addressing single pixels with defined distances is ... Keywords: Electron beam lithography, Nano dot, Patterning, Photonic crystal, Plasmonics
Jochen Grebing; J�Rgen Fa�Bender; Artur Erbe
Diagenesis in seagrass vegetated sediments: biogeochemical processes on diurnal time scales
Seagrass productivity is largely limited by nutrient and light availability. However, increasing evidence suggests that sedimentary geochemical processes may play an essential role in seagrass productivity/health. Much of this work has been largely phenomenalistic and has not clearly identified the spatio-temporal behavior of the major geochemical parameters involved in diagenesis of seagrass sediments. In this study, a much broader range of both dissolved and solid phase chemical parameters in eelgrass vegetated sediments was investigated. Parallel measurements were made on adjacent unvegetated sediments (ACF) was used to determine the optimum scaling length for sample intervals (?x) of ?H2S and Fe2+. Characteristic scale lengths obtained for sediments from seagrass environments are not significantly different from those observed for unvegetated sediments and averaged 13.7?? 2.2 mm. Lateral variations in our scales analyses showed that scale length approximated our sampling interval and that lateral sampling intervals were smaller than the vertical sampling intervals. Our results indicate that macrofauna dwelling in the sediment, the seagrass root/rhizomes, and aggregations of bacteria, microalgae, and meiofauna may be responsible for the vertical and lateral variability. Model calibrations and sensitivity analyses from a sediment-seagrass diagenetic model revealed that changes in physical parameters of the sediments (irrigation, advection, and porosity, for example) had the greatest effect on organic carbon and total dissolved sulfides. This study revealed that sedimentary geochemical parameters that are both vertically and laterally heterogeneous may also affect seagrass productivity.
Hebert, Andrew Brian
Generic Mechanism of Optimal Energy Transfer Efficiency: A Scaling Theory of the Mean First Passage Time in Exciton Systems
An asymptotic scaling theory is presented using the conceptual basis of trapping-free subspace (i.e., orthogonal subspace) to establish the generic mechanism of optimal efficiency of excitation energy transfer (EET) in light-harvesting systems. Analogous to Kramers' turnover in classical rate theory, the enhanced efficiency in the weak damping limit and the suppressed efficiency in the strong damping limit define two asymptotic scaling regimes, which are interpolated to predict the functional form of optimal efficiency of the trapping-free subspace. In the presence of static disorder, the scaling law of transfer time with respect to dephasing rate changes from linear to square root, suggesting a weaker dependence on the environment. Though formulated in the context of EET, the analysis and conclusions apply in general to open quantum processes, including electron transfer, fluorescence emission, and heat conduction.
Wu, Jianlan; Silbey, Robert J
Lifetime of Anthropogenic Climate Change: Millennial Time Scales of Potential CO2 and Surface Temperature Perturbations
Multimillennial simulations with a fully coupled climate�carbon cycle model are examined to assess the persistence of the climatic impacts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is found that the time required to absorb anthropogenic CO2 strongly ...
M. Eby; K. Zickfeld; A. Montenegro; D. Archer; K. J. Meissner; A. J. Weaver
Hydrodynamic interactions and Brownian forces in colloidal suspensions: Coarse-graining over time and length-scales
We describe in detail how to implement a coarse-grained hybrid Molecular Dynamics and Stochastic Rotation Dynamics simulation technique that captures the combined effects of Brownian and hydrodynamic forces in colloidal suspensions. The importance of carefully tuning the simulation parameters to correctly resolve the multiple time and length-scales of this problem is emphasized. We systematically analyze how our coarse-graining scheme resolves dimensionless hydrodynamic numbers such as the Reynolds number, the Schmidt number, the Mach number, the Knudsen number, and the Peclet number. The many Brownian and hydrodynamic time-scales can be telescoped together to maximize computational efficiency while still correctly resolving the physically relevant physical processes. We also show how to control a number of numerical artifacts, such as finite size effects and solvent induced attractive depletion interactions. When all these considerations are properly taken into account, the measured colloidal velocity auto-correlation functions and related self diffusion and friction coefficients compare quantitatively with theoretical calculations. By contrast, these calculations demonstrate that, notwithstanding its seductive simplicity, the basic Langevin equation does a remarkably poor job of capturing the decay rate of the velocity auto-correlation function in the colloidal regime, strongly underestimating it at short times and strongly overestimating it at long times. Finally, we discuss in detail how to map the parameters of our method onto physical systems, and from this extract more general lessons that may be relevant for other coarse-graining schemes such as Lattice Boltzmann or Dissipative Particle Dynamics.
J. T. Padding; A. A. Louis
Time-dependent simulations of large-scale quantum mechanical processes
Time dependent linear and nonlinear equations govern the evolution of an extensive set of physical systems and processes describing, to enumerate just a few, Bose-Einstein condensates; soliton propagation in optical and photonic band-gap fibers; quantum control of atomic and molecular collisions and reactions; highly-compressed liquids; and dense and ultracold plasmas. While the media vary substantially, the basic computational procedures have many common features. We focus on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and discuss two powerful approaches to its propagation: the Arnoldi/Lanczos(AL)l and Real Space Product Formula(RSPF)2. Both provide efficient systematic approximations to the short-time exponential propagator that moves the solution between time steps. We implement the former in a discrete variable representation (DVR)3 both in spatial grid and finite element forms and the latter in a spatial mesh with a finite difference representation of the kinetic energy operator. Both approaches require O(N) operations to propagate the wavefunction between time steps and handle multidimensional systems. We shall also draw connections with Liouville formulations used in quantum molecular dynamics simulations of large collections of atoms and molecules. After briefly outlining these formulations, we shall discuss some of the varied applications.
Collins, L. A. (Lee A.)
Residence Time Distribution Measurement and Analysis of Pilot-Scale Pretreatment Reactors for Biofuels Production: Preprint
Measurement and analysis of residence time distribution (RTD) data is the focus of this study where data collection methods were developed specifically for the pretreatment reactor environment. Augmented physical sampling and automated online detection methods were developed and applied. Both the measurement techniques themselves and the produced RTD data are presented and discussed.
Sievers, D.; Kuhn, E.; Tucker, M.; Stickel, J.; Wolfrum, E.
Predictive Understanding of the Oceans' Wind-Driven Circulation on Interdecadal Time Scales
The goal of this project was to obtain a predictive understanding of a major component of the climate system�??s interdecadal variability: the oceans�?? wind-driven circulation. To do so, we developed and applied advanced computational and statistical methods to the problem of climate variability and climate change. The methodology was developed first for models of intermediate complexity, such as the quasi-geostrophic and the primitive equations, which describe the wind-driven, near-surface flow in mid-latitude ocean basins. Our computational work consisted in developing efficient multi-level methods to simulate this flow and study its dependence on physically relevant parameters. Our oceanographic and climate work consisted in applying these methods to study the bifurcations in the wind-driven circulation and their relevance to the flows observed at present and those that might occur in a warmer climate. Both aspects of the work are crucial for the efficient treatment of large-scale, eddy-resolving numerical simulations of the oceans and an increased understanding and better prediction of climate change. Considerable progress has been achieved in understanding ocean-atmosphere interaction in the mid-latitudes. An important by-product of this research is a novel approach to explaining the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Michael Ghil, P.I., Dept. of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences and IGPP, UCLA; Roger Temam, Co-P.I., Dept. of Mathematics, Indiana University; Y. Feliks, IIBR; E. Simonnet, INLN; and T.Tachim-Medjo, FIU, collaborators
Real-Time Imaging of Plant Cell Wall Structure at Nanometer Scale, with Respect to Cellulase Accessibility and Degradation Kinetics (Presentation)
Presentation on real-time imaging of plant cell wall structure at nanometer scale. Objectives are to develop tools to measure biomass at the nanometer scale; elucidate the molecular bases of biomass deconstruction; and identify factors that affect the conversion efficiency of biomass-to-biofuels.
Ding, S. Y.
Soft x-ray microscopy - a powerful analytical tool to image magnetism down to fundamental length and times scales
The magnetic properties of low dimensional solid state matter is of the utmost interest both scientifically as well as technologically. In addition to the charge of the electron which is the base for current electronics, by taking into account the spin degree of freedom in future spintronics applications open a new avenue. Progress towards a better physical understanding of the mechanism and principles involved as well as potential applications of nanomagnetic devices can only be achieved with advanced analytical tools. Soft X-ray microscopy providing a spatial resolution towards 10nm, a time resolution currently in the sub-ns regime and inherent elemental sensitivity is a very promising technique for that. This article reviews the recent achievements of magnetic soft X-ray microscopy by selected examples of spin torque phenomena, stochastical behavior on the nanoscale and spin dynamics in magnetic nanopatterns. The future potential with regard to addressing fundamental magnetic length and time scales, e.g. imaging fsec spin dynamics at upcoming X-ray sources is pointed out.
Fischer, Peter
Scaling between structural relaxation and caged dynamics in Ca_{0.4}K_0.6(NO_{3})_{1.4} and glycerol: free volume, time scales and implications for the pressure-energy correlations
The scaling of the slow structural relaxation with the fast caged dynamics is evidenced in the molten salt Ca_{0.4}K_{0.6}(NO_{3}$)_{1.4} (CKN) over about thirteen decades of the structural relaxation time. Glycerol caling was analyzed in detail. In glycerol, the short-time mean-square displacement , a measure of the caged dynamics, is contributed by free-volume. It is seen that, in order to evidence the scaling, the observation time of the fast dynamics must be shorter than the time scales of the relaxation processes. Systems with both negligible (like CKN, glycerol and network glassformers) and high (like van der Waals liquids and polymers) pressure-energy correlations exhibit the scaling between the slow relaxation and the fast caged dynamics. According to the available experiments, an isomorph-invariant expression of the master curve of the scaled data is not distinguishable from a simpler not-invariant expression. Instead, the latter grees better with the simulations on a wide class of model polymers.
Alistar Ottochian; Dino Leporini
Scaling dependence on time and distance in nonlinear fractional diffusion equations and possible applications to the water transport in soils
Recently, fractional derivatives have been employed to analyze various systems in engineering, physics, finance and hidrology. For instance, they have been used to investigate anomalous diffusion processes which are present in different physical systems like: amorphous semicondutors, polymers, composite heterogeneous films and porous media. They have also been used to calculate the heat load intensity change in blast furnace walls, to solve problems of control theory \\ and dynamic problems of linear and nonlinear hereditary mechanics of solids. In this work, we investigate the scaling properties related to the nonlinear fractional diffusion equations and indicate the possibilities to the applications of these equations to simulate the water transport in unsaturated soils. Usually, the water transport in soils with anomalous diffusion, the dependence of concentration on time and distance may be expressed in term of a single variable given by $\\lambda _{q}=x/t^{q}.$ In particular, for $q=1/2$ the systems obey Fick's law and Richards' equation for water transport. We show that a generalization of Richards' equation via fractional approach can incorporate the above property.
Kwok Sau Fa; E. K. Lenzi
Characterizing the performance of ecosystem models across time scales: A spectral analysis of the North American Carbon Program site-level synthesis
Ecosystem models are important tools for diagnosing the carbon cycle and projecting its behavior across space and time. Most assessments of model performance occur at individual temporal scales, but ecosystems respond to drivers at multiple time scales. Spectral methods, such as wavelet analyses, present an alternative approach that enables the identification of the dominant time scales contributing to model performance in the frequency domain. In this study we used wavelet analyses to synthesize the performance of twenty-one ecosystem models at nine eddy-covariance towers as part of the North American Carbon Program's site-level inter-comparison. This study expands upon previous single-site and single-model analyses to determine what patterns of model failure are consistent across a diverse range of models and sites.
Dietze, Michael; Vargas, Rodrigo; Richardson, Andrew D.; Stoy, Paul C.; Barr, Alan; Anderson, Ryan; Arain, M. A.; Baker, Ian; Black, T. Andrew; Chen, Jing Ming; Ciais, Philippe; Flanagan, Lawrence; Gough, Christopher; Grant, R. F.; Hollinger, D.; Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Kucharik, Chris; Lafleur, Peter; Liu, Shuguang; Lokupitiya, Erandathie; Luo, Yiqi; Munger, J. W.; Peng, Changhui; Poulter, Benjamin; Price, David T.; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Riley, William; Sahoo, Alok Kumar; Schaefer, Kevin; Suyker, Andrew E.; Tian, Hanqin; Tonitto, Christine; Verbeeck, Hans; Verma, Shashi B.; Wang, Weifeng; Weng, Ensheng
Scaling MG-RAST to Terabases (MICW - Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop: 10K Genomes at a Time)
Argonne National Lab's Narayan Desai on "Scaling MG-RAST to Terabases" at the Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop held at the DOE JGI on October 12-13, 2011.
Desai, Narayan [ANL
image magnetism down to fundamental length and time scalesmicroscopies have to tackle fundamental magnetic length andregard to addressing fundamental magnetic length and time
Low-Frequency Variability in the Northern Hemisphere Winter: Geographical Distribution, Structure and Time-Scale Dependence
Low-frequency variability in wintertime 500 mb height is examined, with emphasis on its structure, geographical distribution, and frequency dependence. A 39-year record of 500 mb geopotential height fields from the NMC analyses is time filtered ...
Yochanan Kushnir; John M. Wallace
Building Underwater Ad-Hoc Networks and Sensor Networks for Large Scale Real-Time Aquatic Applications
Large-scale Underwater Ad-hoc Networks (UANET) and Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) are novel networking paradigms to explore the uninhabited oceans. However, the characteristics of these new networks, such as huge propagation delay, floating node mobility, and limited acoustic link capacity, are significantly different from ground-based mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) and wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper we adopt a top-down approach to explore the new research subject. We at first show a new practical application scenario that cannot be addressed by existing technology and hence demands the advent of the UANET and UWSN. Then along the layered protocol stack, we go down from the top application layer to the bottom physical layer. At each layer we show a set of new design challenges. We conclude that UANET and UWSN are challenges that must be answered by inter-disciplinary efforts of acoustic communication, signal processing and mobile acoustic network protocol design.
Jiejun Kong; Jun-hong Cui; Dapeng Wu; Mario Gerla
Time scale of the fission process in the reaction 50A MeV 20Ne + 165Ho
The pre-scission time in the de-excitation of highly excited 178W produced in the reaction of 2ONe + 165Ho at 50A MeV was determined as a function of fission fragment mass asymmetry. The techniques employed used the pre-scission and post scission multiplicities of alpha particles, measured in coincidence with the fission fragments, to determine excitation energy of the fissioning nucleus at scission. Then the fission time was evaluated using statistical model calculations. It was found for a compound system of mass 178 amu and excitation energy of 580 MeV that the fission time is [ ] 1 x 10-20 s regardless of the asymmetry.
Mdeiwayeh, Nader
Long-Lived Time-Dependent Remnants During Cosmological Symmetry Breaking: From Inflation to the Electroweak Scale
Through a detailed numerical investigation in three spatial dimensions, we demonstrate that long-lived time-dependent field configurations emerge dynamically during symmetry breaking in an expanding de Sitter spacetime. We investigate two situations: a single scalar field with a double-well potential and the bosonic sector of an SU(2) non-Abelian Higgs model. For the single scalar, we show that large-amplitude oscillon configurations emerge spontaneously and persist to contribute about 1.2% of the energy density of the universe. We also show that for a range of parameters, oscillon lifetimes are enhanced by the expansion and that this effect is a result of parametric resonance. For the SU(2) case, we see about 4% of the final energy density in oscillons.
Marcelo Gleiser; Noah Graham; Nikitas Stamatopoulos
Long-lived time-dependent remnants during cosmological symmetry breaking: From inflation to the electroweak scale
Through a detailed numerical investigation in three spatial dimensions, we demonstrate that long-lived time-dependent field configurations emerge dynamically during symmetry breaking in an expanding de Sitter spacetime. We investigate two situations: a single scalar field with a double-well potential and an SU(2) non-Abelian Higgs model. For the single scalar, we show that large-amplitude oscillon configurations emerge spontaneously and persist to contribute about 1.2% of the energy density of the Universe. We also show that for a range of parameters, oscillon lifetimes are enhanced by the expansion and that this effect is a result of parametric resonance. For the SU(2) case, we see about 4% of the final energy density in oscillons.
Gleiser, Marcelo; Stamatopoulos, Nikitas [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (United States); Graham, Noah [Department of Physics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753 (United States)
The effect of a fifth large-scale space-time dimension on the conservation of energy in a four dimensional Universe
The effect of introducing a fifth large-scale space-time dimension to the equations of orbital dynamics was analysed in an earlier paper by the authors. The results showed good agreement with the observed flat rotation curves of galaxies and the Pioneer Anomaly. This analysis did not require the modification of Newtonian dynamics, but rather only their restatement in a five dimensional framework. The same analysis derived a acceleration parameter ar, which plays an important role in the restated equations of orbital dynamics, and suggested a value for ar. In this companion paper, the principle of conservation of energy is restated within the same five-dimensional framework. The resulting analysis provides an alternative route to estimating the value of ar, without reference to the equations of orbital dynamics, and based solely on key cosmological constants and parameters, including the gravitational constant, G. The same analysis suggests that: (i) the inverse square law of gravity may itself be due to the conservation of energy at the boundary between a four-dimensional universe and a fifth large-scale space-time dimension; and (ii) there is a limiting case for the Tulley-Fisher relationship linking the speed of light to the mass of the Universe.
VisIO: enabling interactive visualization of ultra-scale, time-series data via high-bandwidth distributed I/O systems
Petascale simulations compute at resolutions ranging into billions of cells and write terabytes of data for visualization and analysis. Interactive visuaUzation of this time series is a desired step before starting a new run. The I/O subsystem and associated network often are a significant impediment to interactive visualization of time-varying data; as they are not configured or provisioned to provide necessary I/O read rates. In this paper, we propose a new I/O library for visualization applications: VisIO. Visualization applications commonly use N-to-N reads within their parallel enabled readers which provides an incentive for a shared-nothing approach to I/O, similar to other data-intensive approaches such as Hadoop. However, unlike other data-intensive applications, visualization requires: (1) interactive performance for large data volumes, (2) compatibility with MPI and POSIX file system semantics for compatibility with existing infrastructure, and (3) use of existing file formats and their stipulated data partitioning rules. VisIO, provides a mechanism for using a non-POSIX distributed file system to provide linear scaling of 110 bandwidth. In addition, we introduce a novel scheduling algorithm that helps to co-locate visualization processes on nodes with the requested data. Testing using VisIO integrated into Para View was conducted using the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on TACC's Longhorn cluster. A representative dataset, VPIC, across 128 nodes showed a 64.4% read performance improvement compared to the provided Lustre installation. Also tested, was a dataset representing a global ocean salinity simulation that showed a 51.4% improvement in read performance over Lustre when using our VisIO system. VisIO, provides powerful high-performance I/O services to visualization applications, allowing for interactive performance with ultra-scale, time-series data.
Mitchell, Christopher J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ahrens, James P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wang, Jun [UCF
An adaptive clustering-based resource discovery scheme for large scale MANETs
An increasing number of smart mobile devices offering the ability to perform various types of ubiquitous computation are emerging as large computer networks with an unprecedented scale. Large Scale Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) place strong challenges ... Keywords: adaptive network clustering, distributed algorithms, mobile ad hoc networks, multi-hop head-based non-overlapping clustering, network resource discovery
Saad Al-Ahmadi; Abdullah Al-Dhelaan
The Dynamics of Rapid Fracture: Instabilities, Nonlinearities and Length Scales
The failure of materials and interfaces is mediated by cracks, nearly singular dissipative structures that propagate at velocities approaching the speed of sound. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation -- the dynamic process of fracture -- couples a wide range of time and length scales. Crack dynamics challenge our understanding of the fundamental physics processes that take place in the extreme conditions within the nearly singular region where material failure occurs. Here, we first briefly review the classic approach to dynamic fracture, "Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics" (LEFM), and discuss its successes and limitations. We show how, on the one hand, recent experiments performed on straight cracks propagating in soft brittle materials have quantitatively confirmed the predictions of this theory to an unprecedented degree. On the other hand, these experiments show how LEFM breaks down as the singular region at the tip of a crack is approached. This breakdown naturally leads to a new theoretical framework coined "Weakly Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics", where weak elastic nonlinearities are incorporated. The stronger singularity predicted by this theory gives rise to a new and intrinsic length scale, $\\ell_{nl}$. These predictions are verified in detail through direct measurements. We then theoretically and experimentally review how the emergence of $\\ell_{nl}$ is linked to a new equation for crack motion, which predicts the existence of a high-speed oscillatory crack instability whose wave-length is determined by $\\ell_{nl}$. We conclude by delineating outstanding challenges in the field.
Eran Bouchbinder; Tamar Goldman; Jay Fineberg
Using Soir Lucene for Large-Scale Metagenomics Data Retrieval and Analysis (MICW - Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop: 10K Genomes at a Time)
JCVI's Johannes Goll on "Using Solr/Lucene for Large-Scale Metagenomics Data Retrieval and Analysis" at the Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop held at the DOE JGI on October 12-13, 2011.
Goll, Johannes [JCVI
Exploiting VERITAS Timing Information
The 499 pixel photomultiplier cameras of the VERITAS gamma ray telescopes are instrumented with 500MHz sampling Flash ADCs. This paper describes a preliminary investigation of the best methods by which to exploit this information so as to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of Cherenkov light pulses. The FADCs also provide unprecedented resolution for the study of the timing characteristics of Cherenkov images of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray air showers. This capability is discussed, together with the implications for gamma-hadron separation.
J. Holder; for the VERITAS Collaboration
Fish Scales
Fish Scales Name: Kaylee Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Do all fish have scales? Replies: No, some like catfish and bullheads, have smooth skins. J. Elliott No,...
A Framework of Concurrent Task Scheduling and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling in Real-Time Embedded Systems with Energy Harvesting
harvesting module is comprised of a Photovoltaic (PV) panel for harvesting energy and a supercapacitor panel, state-of- charge management for the supercapacitor, and energy-harvesting- aware real-time task-leakage of the supercapacitor, and power losses in voltage converters, employs a cascaded feedback control structure
Pedram, Massoud
Direct observation of the terahertz optical free induction decay of molecular rotation absorption lines in the sub-nanosecond time scale
Optical free induction decay (FID) in the region of 60-75 cm{sup -1} was detected using 120 ps pulses of free electron laser. Signals were detected in real time using ultra-fast Schottky diode detectors. The oscillations corresponding to the splitting of absorption lines in deuterated water vapor ({Delta}f = 0.15 cm{sup -1}) and hydrogen bromide ({Delta}f = 0.02 cm{sup -1}) were detected. At high optical density, we observed the oscillations arising from 'top-hat' shape of absorption lines. Free induction decay signals could be detected in a single shot. This observation allowed obtaining a spectrum in one laser pulse, which facilitates studies of very fast processes.
Chesnokov, E. N.; Koshlyakov, P. V. [Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation); Kubarev, V. V. [Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation); Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation); Kulipanov, G. N. [Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation)
Variable dimensionality in the uranium fluoride/2-methyl-piperazine system: Synthesis and structures of UFO-5, -6, and -7; Zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials with unprecedented topologies
Recently, low temperature (T < 300 C) hydrothermal reactions of inorganic precursors in the presence of organic cations have proven highly productive for the synthesis of novel solid-state materials. Interest in these materials is driven by the astonishingly diverse range of structures produced, as well as by their many potential materials chemistry applications. This report describes the high yield, phase pure hydrothermal syntheses of three new uranium fluoride phases with unprecedented structure types. Through the systematic control of the synthesis conditions the authors have successfully controlled the architecture and dimensionality of the phase formed and selectively synthesized novel zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials.
Francis, R.J.; Halasyamani, P.S.; Bee, J.S.; O'Hare, D.
Dynamics of Particles in Non Scaling FFAG Accelerators
Non scaling Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators have an unprecedented potential for muon acceleration, as well as for medical purposes based on carbon and proton hadron therapy. They also represent a possible active element for an Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor (ADSR). Starting from first principle the Hamiltonian formalism for the description of the dynamics of particles in non scaling FFAG machines has been developed. The stationary reference (closed) orbit has been found within the Hamiltonian framework. The dependence of the path length on the energy deviation has been described in terms of higher order dispersion functions. The latter have been used subsequently to specify the longitudinal part of the Hamiltonian. It has been shown that higher order phase slip coefficients should be taken into account to adequately describe the acceleration in non scaling FFAG accelerators. A complete theory of the fast (serpentine) acceleration in non scaling FFAGs has been developed. An example...
Jones, James K; Smith, Susan L; Tzenov, Stephan I
Following a Structural Phase Transition in Real Time with Atomic Spatial
Following a Structural Phase Following a Structural Phase Transition in Real Time with Atmic Spatial Resolution Constructing atomic scale mechanisms for chemical, biological, and physical transformations of matter represents a critical goal for numerous scientific and technological challenges that face modern society. The natural length and time scale for atomic dynamics dictate that the scientific tools needed to construct these mechanisms possess Ångström (Å) spatial resolution with femtosecond (fs) temporal resolution. Ultrafast x-ray pulses provide the necessary spatial and temporal resolution, but generating sources intense enough for detailed structural studies has been a significant challenge. The Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source (SPPS) represents the first utilization of a linear electron accelerator to generate fs duration pulses of Å wavelength light for studying structural dynamics. The per pulse fluence at the SPPS exceeds that of all previous ultrafast hard x-ray sources by roughly two orders of magnitude,[1] allowing structural transformations to be investigated with unprecedented dynamical detail.
Digital scale converter
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A digital scale converter is provided for binary coded decimal (BCD) conversion. The converter may be programmed to convert a BCD value of a first scale to the equivalent value of a second scale according to a known ratio. The value to be converted is loaded into a first BCD counter and counted down to zero while a second BCD counter registers counts from zero or an offset value depending upon the conversion. Programmable rate multipliers are used to generate pulses at selected rates to the counters for the proper conversion ratio. The value present in the second counter at the time the first counter is counted to the zero count is the equivalent value of the second scale. This value may be read out and displayed on a conventional seven-segment digital display.
Upton, Richard G. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Definitive Identification of the Transition between Small- to Large-Scale Clustering for Lyman Break Galaxies
We report angular correlation function (ACF) of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) with unprecedented statistical quality on the basis of 16,920 LBGs at z=4 detected in the 1 deg^2 sky of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. The ACF significantly departs from a power law, and shows an excess on small scale. Particularly, the ACF of LBGs with i'ACF and number density of LBGs can be explained by the cold dark matter model.
M Ouchi; T. Hamana; K. Shimasaku; T. Yamada; M. Akiyama; N. Kashikawa; M. Yoshida; K. Aoki; M. Iye; T. Saito; T. Sasaki; C. Simpson; M. Yoshida
General Circulation Statistics on Short Time Scales
The sensitivity of various zonal mean general circulation statistics to the choice of the averaging period used to define them is tested with upper-air data for the Northern Hemisphere taken from the NMC global analysis for the winter of 1976�77. ...
Richard D. Rosen; David A. Salstein
Extension of gyrokinetics to transport time scales
In the last decade, gyrokinetic simulations have greatly improved our theoretical understanding of turbulent transport in fusion devices. Most gyrokinetic models in use are [sigma]f simulations in which the slowly varying ...
Parra D�az, F�lix Ignacio
Nuclear scales
Nuclear scales are discussed from the nuclear physics viewpoint. The conventional nuclear potential is characterized as a black box that interpolates nucleon-nucleon (NN) data, while being constrained by the best possible theoretical input. The latter consists of the longer-range parts of the NN force (e.g., OPEP, TPEP, the {pi}-{gamma} force), which can be calculated using chiral perturbation theory and gauged using modern phase-shift analyses. The shorter-range parts of the force are effectively parameterized by moments of the interaction that are independent of the details of the force model, in analogy to chiral perturbation theory. Results of GFMC calculations in light nuclei are interpreted in terms of fundamental scales, which are in good agreement with expectations from chiral effective field theories. Problems with spin-orbit-type observables are noted.
Friar, J.L.
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential on Imaging Science Hart F. Smith Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential Reflections #12;Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling The Second Dyadic Decomposition Wave-Evolution of Curvelets Second Dyadic
Smith, Hart F.
ORNL Superconducting Wire Yields Unprecedented Performance |...
Award Winners Take advantage of microwave microscopy, researchers were able to locate graphene islands on graphene. "Point defects" locally enhanced the graphene's ability to...
Dynamic Scaling of Manipulator Trajectories
A fundamental time-scaling property of manipulator dynamics has been identified that allows modification of movement speed without complete dynamics recalculation. By exploiting this property, it can be determined ...
Hollerbach, John M.
Zonal Penetration Scale of Model Midlatitude Jets
All available observations indicate that the most energetic time-dependent currents are located in the vicinity of intense large-scale oceanic current systems. This characteristic is also a basic property of eddy-resolving gyre-scale numerical ...
William R. Holland; William J. Schmitz
Fish Scales and Science
Fish Scales and Science Fish Scales and Science Name: Amanda Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: In special education class.Science project time.Topic choosen is HOW DO SCALES HELP FISH? Any suggestions or information would be of help. Replies: Wait a minute. Why do you think the scales help the fish? How do you know they do? Have you talked to a fish lately? Maybe they are useless, or even a problem. Maybe the fish wishes it didn't have scales! I say this only to emphasize two things: First of all, when you think scientifically, the MOST IMPORTANT thing is to be very careful not to assume you know something when you really don't. What I mean by that is: don't think you know the answer before you are dead positive absolutely for-sure 100% certain that you do. Why? Why make a big fuss over being so very careful? Well, I hate to tell you this (but you probably already know it), it's just SO EASY for human beings to fool themselves, to think they know the answers when they really don't know AT ALL what they are talking about. If you have a brother or sister, you know EXACTLY what I mean, I expect.
Report on Fission Time Projection Chamber M3FT-12IN0210052
The Time Projection Chamber is a collaborative effort to implement an innovative approach and deliver unprecedented fission measurements to DOE programs. This 4?-detector system will provide unrivaled 3-D data about the fission process. Shown here is a half populated TPC (2?) at the LLNL TPC laboratory as it undergoes testing before being shipped to LANSCE for beam experiments.
James K. Jewell
Making Galaxies: One Star at a Time
In the age of precision cosmology the fundamental parameters of our world model are being measured to unprecedented accuracy. In particular, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation detail the state of the universe only 400,000 years after the big bang. Unfortunately, we have no direct observational evidence about the following few hundred million years, the so called dark ages. However, we do know from the composition of the highest redshift galaxies that it is there where the earliest and first galaxies are being formed. From a physics point of view these earliest times are much easier to understand and model because the chemical composition of the early gas is simpler and the first galaxies are much smaller than the ones found nearby. The absence of strong magnetic fields, cosmic rays, dust grains and UV radiation fields clearly also helps. The first generation of structure formation is as such a problem extremely well suited for direct ab initio calculations using supercomputers. In this colloquium I will discuss the rich physics of the formation of the first objects as computed via ab initio Eulerian cosmological adaptive mesh refinement calculations. We find the first generation of stars to be massive and to form in isolation with mass between 30 and 300 times the mass of the sun. Remarkably the relevant mass scales can all be understood analytically from the microscopic properties of atomic and molecular hydrogen. The UV radiation from these stars photo-evaporates their parent clouds within their lifetimes contributing significantly to cosmological reionization. Their supernovae distribute the first heavy elements over thousands of light years and enrich the intergalactic medium. As we are beginning to illuminate these earliest phases of galaxy formation many new questions arise and become addressable with our novel numerical techniques. How and where are the earliest magnetic fields made? How do the first super-massive black holes form? When and how can the first planets form in the universe? Algorithmic breakthroughs and large supercomputers enable these studies. Hence I will close with discussing how the expanding computing infrastructure at SLAC and scientific visualization at the Schwob Computing and Information Center at the Fred Kavli building allow us to find answers to the fundamental questions about the beginning of structure in the universe.
Abel, Tom
Improving Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework...
Improving Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for Real-time Data Sharing Title Improving Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for Real-time Data...
Digestion time
Digestion time Digestion time Name: Don Mancosh Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I have always given the rule of thumb in class that material we eat is with us for about 24 hours before exiting the body. The question arises about the time value of liquids. Getting a big coke prior to a 3 hour drive generally means that there will be a stop along the way. Is there a generalization made about liquids in the body similar to the one for solid food? Replies: A physician would give a better answer, but I hazard this: the only liquids which people consume (deliberately) in significant quantities are water, ethyl alcohol and various oils. Water and alcohol are absorbed on a time scale of seconds to minutes through the mouth, stomach and digestive tract. The oils are huge molecules, so I'd guess like any other greasy food they get absorbed in the upper digestive tract. Some of them, perhaps the longest and most nonpolar, are not absorbed at all --- cf. the old-time remedy of mineral oil for constipation --- so there should be some average time-before-what's-left-is-excreted such as you're looking for, and my (wild) guess is that it would not differ substantially from that for food. You can define an average lifetime in the body for alcohol, since the natural level is zero. Rough guidelines are widespread in the context of drunk driving laws. But this is not really possible for water. One's body is normally full up to the brim with water, and there's no way for the body to distinguish between water molecules recently absorbed and molecules that've been moping around since the Beatles split up. Thus the water entering the toilet bowl after the pit stop is not in general the same water as was in the big coke. If you were to consider for water just the average time between drinking and peeing, it would seem to depend strongly on how well hydrated the body was before the drink, and how much was drunk. During sustained heavy exertion in the sun and dry air one can easily drink a pint of water an hour without peeing at all. On the other hand, if one is willing to drink enough water fast enough, so as to establish a high excess of body water one can pee 8 ounces 15 minutes or less after drinking 8 ounces.
Atomic Scale Characterization of Complex Oxide Interfaces
Complex oxides exhibit the most disparate behaviors, from ferroelectricity to high Tc superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance to insulating properties. For these reasons, oxide thin films are of interest for electronics and the emerging field of spintronics. But epitaxial complex oxide ultrathin films and heterostructures can be significantly affected or even dominated by the presence of interfaces and may exhibit intriguing new physical properties quite different from the bulk. A study of the relations between structure and chemistry at the atomic scale is needed to understand the macroscopic properties of such "interface-controlled" materials. For this purpose, the combination of aberration corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) represents a very powerful tool. The availability of sub- ngstr m probes allows a level of unprecedented detail when analyzing not only the interface structure with sensitivity to single atoms, but also the interface chemistry. In this work state of the art STEM-EELS will be applied to the study of different oxide interfaces in heterostructures with titanates, manganites and cuprates based on the perovskite structure.
Varela del Arco, Maria [ORNL; Pennycook, Timothy J [ORNL; Tian, Wei [ORNL; Mandrus, David [ORNL; Pennycook, Stephen J [ORNL; Pena, V. [Universidad Complutense, Spain; Sefrioui, Z. [Universidad Complutense, Spain; Santamaria, J. [Universidad Complutense, Spain
Building Scale DC Microgrids
Scale DC Microgrids Title Building Scale DC Microgrids Publication Type Conference Proceedings LBNL Report Number LBNL-5729E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Marnay, Chris, Steven...
Silica Scaling Removal Process
applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits: Reduces scaling in cooling towers by up to 50% Increases the number of cycles of concentration substantially...
Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs
Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs Nature Bulletin No. 404-A January 30, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation SCALE INSECTS AND MEALY BUGS The insect world contains an enormous number and variety of species but, of them all, the Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs come nearest to being vegetables. Most insects are active animals that fly, hop, scamper, crawl or burrow, but these queer creatures spend most of their lives merely sitting in one spot, sucking plant juices from a branch, twig, leaf, or fruit. Some of our most destructive pests are included among the several hundred kinds of these highly specialized insects. They are so small that the average person seldom realizes that they are responsible for the sickly or dying condition of a tree or shrub. Adult scale insects are extremely variable in shape, and range in size from that of a pinhead up to forms which are a quarter of an inch long. Each hides under a hard protective shell, or scale, of wax secreted by pores on its body, and are frequently so numerous that they form a dense crust. The females molt a few times, and usually discard their legs and wings, before they mature. She lays eggs under the scale and then dies. These hatch into young (called "crawlers") which move around for a period varying from a few hours to a day or two before they settle down and build scales. Unlike the female, the male -always the smaller of the two -- goes through a cocoon stage from which he emerges with a pair of wings but with no means of taking food. He merely mates and dies. Males are scarce In most kinds and in many species have never been seen.
Scale cross-ambiguity and target resolution
We derive the correct formulation of the Doppler problem in which the received signal is scaled in time by a scale factor dependent on the relative radial velocity of the transmitter and the receiver, normalized by the propagation speed in the transmission ... Keywords: Cross-ambiguity function, Cross-correlation, Doppler, Geolocation
Douglas J. Nelson; David C. Smith
Multifractal scaling behavior analysis for existing dams
The fractal theory was used to describe long term behavior of dam structures by means of determining (mono-) fractal exponents. Many records do not exhibit a simple monofractal scaling behavior, which can be accounted for by a single scaling exponent. ... Keywords: Dam, Long term behavior, Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, Observation time series
Huaizhi Su, Zhiping Wen, Feng Wang, Bowen Wei, Jiang Hu
Diagnosis of Multiyear Predictability on Continental Scales
A new statistical optimization method is used to identify components of surface air temperature and precipitation on six continents that are predictable in multiple climate models on multiyear time scales. The components are identified from ...
Liwei Jia; Timothy DelSole
Application of In-Situ High Energy-Resolution Fluorescence Detection and Time-Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy: Catalytic Activation of Oxygen over Supported Gold Catalysts
Life-time-broadening reduction in high-energy-resolution fluorescence detected XAS produced spectra of unprecedented detail. Au L3 edge spectra of a Au/Al2O3 catalyst under various reaction conditions showed the interaction of oxygen with the gold particles on this catalyst. A reaction path on the gold particle in the oxidation of CO was established.
Bokhoven, Jeroen A. van [Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich (Switzerland); Tromp, Moniek [University of Southampton, School of Chemistry, Southampton (United Kingdom); Glatzel, Pieter; Safonova, Olga [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble (France)
Extreme Scale Visual Analytics
Extreme-scale visual analytics (VA) is about applying VA to extreme-scale data. The articles in this special issue examine advances related to extreme-scale VA problems, their analytical and computational challenges, and their real-world applications.
Wong, Pak C.; Shen, Han-Wei; Pascucci, Valerio
A heuristic examination of scaling
This study investigates the scaling of dimensions of craters formed by nuclear explosive sources as well as the problem of making consistent estimates of other geonuclear effects including maximum base surge radius, vented fraction of the gamma emitting radionuclides appearing in close-in fallout, and main cloud dimensions. Input to the proposed scaling method includes the Froude number as determined by the depth of burial and the mound surface velocity at vent time, and the pressure in the cavity at vent time. These inputs are provided from long-running cratering-mechanincs numerical calculations. Illustrations are given of the use of the method for 1 Mt and 200 kt cratering events. 10 refs., 10 figs., 7 tabs.
Knox, J.B.
Microsoft Word - The_Advanced_Networks_and_Services_Underpinning_Modern,Large-Scale_Science.SciDAC.v5.doc
: Advanced Networking and Services : Advanced Networking and Services Supporting the Science Mission of DOE's Office of Science William E. Johnston ESnet Dept. Head and Senior Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory May, 2007 1 Introduction In many ways, the dramatic achievements in scientific discovery through advanced computing and the discoveries of the increasingly large-scale instruments with their enormous data handling and remote collaboration requirements, have been made possible by accompanying accomplishments in high performance networking. As increasingly advanced supercomputers and experimental research facilities have provided researchers powerful tools with unprecedented capabilities, advancements in networks connecting scientists to these tools have made these research facilities available to broader communities
To Appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04 DEFINITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRANSITION BETWEEN SMALL- TO LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING FOR LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES 1
We report angular correlation function (ACF) of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) with unprecedented statistical quality on the basis of 16,920 LBGs at z = 4 detected in the 1 deg2 sky of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. The ACF significantly departs from a power law, and shows an excess on small scale. Particularly, the ACF of LBGs with i ? ACF and number density of LBGs can be explained by the cold dark matter model.
Masami Ouchi; Takashi Hamana; Kazuhiro Shimasaku; Toru Yamada; Masayuki Akiyama; Nobunari Kashikawa; Makiko Yoshida; Kentaro Aoki; Masanori Iye; Tomoki Saito; Toshiyuki Sasaki; Chris Simpson; Michitoshi Yoshida
NAMD - The Engine for Large-Scale Classical MD Simulations of Biomolecular
NAMD NAMD NAMD - The Engine for Large-Scale Classical MD Simulations of Biomolecular Systems Based on a Polarizable Force Field PI Name: Benoit Roux PI Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Institution: Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago Allocation Program: ESP Allocation Hours at ALCF: 80 Million Year: 2010 to 2013 Research Domain: Biological Sciences Biology, at the atomic and molecular level, is governed by complex interactions involving a large number of key constituents, including water, ions, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes. The goal of this project is to develop new technologies to simulate virtual models of biomolecular systems with an unprecedented accuracy. Large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on atomic models play an increasingly
Silica Scaling Removal Process Silica Scaling Removal Process Silica Scaling Removal Process Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a novel technology to remove both dissolved and colloidal silica using small gel particles. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Silica Scaling Removal Process Applications: Cooling tower systems Water treatment systems Water evaporation systems Potential mining applications (produced water) Industry applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits: Reduces scaling in cooling towers by up to 50% Increases the number of cycles of concentration substantially Reduces the amount of antiscaling chemical additives needed Decreases the amount of makeup water and subsequent discharged water (blowdown) Enables considerable cost savings derived from reductions in
NIST Time and Frequency Division 1993 - Technical ...
... can be reached with commercial red diode ... the time scale when building and remodelling ... American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. ...
Scaling Issues for Large-Scale Grids
· ESNet Can Play a Very Important Role in the Science Grid �? Security Aspects of Grids · ESNet Can Provide will be important and very useful for managing large-scale virtual org. structures #12;·ESNet Can Play a Very Important Role in the Science Grid · ESNet can provide a rooted and managed namespace, and a place to home
Thermodynamics and scale relativity
It is shown how the fractal paths of scale relativity (following Nottale) can be introduced into a thermodynamical context (following Asadov-Kechkin).
Carroll, Robert
systems Water treatment systems Water evaporation systems Potential mining applications (produced water) Industry applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits:...
Partial positive scaling transform: a separability criterion
The problem of constructing a necessary and sufficient condition for establishing the separability of continuous variable systems is revisited. Simon [R. Simon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2726 (2000)] pointed out that such a criterion may be constructed by drawing a parallel between the Peres' partial transpose criterion for finite dimensional systems and partial time reversal transformation for continuous variable systems. We generalize the partial time reversal transformation to a partial scaling transformation and re-examine the problem using a tomographic description of the continuous variable quantum system. The limits of applicability of the entanglement criteria obtained from partial scaling and partial time reversal are explored.
Olga V. Manko; V. I. Manko; G. Marmo; Anil Shaji; E. C. G. Sudarshan; F. Zaccaria
Managing time
Professionals overwhelmed with information glut can find hope from new insights about time management.
Peter J. Denning
Statistical Timing Analysis using Levelized Covariance Propagation
Variability in process parameters is making accurate timing analysis of nano-scale integrated circuits an extremely challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for statistical timing analysis using Levelized Covariance Propagation (LCP). ...
Kunhyuk Kang; Bipul C. Paul; Kaushik Roy
Statistical characterization of library timing performance
With the scaling of technology, the variability of timing performances of digital circuits is increasing. In this paper, we propose a first order analytical modeling of the standard deviations of basic CMOS cell timings. The proposed model is then used ...
V. Migairou; R. Wilson; S. Engels; N. Azemard; P. Maurine
Entropic Time
The formulation of quantum mechanics within the framework of entropic dynamics includes several new elements. In this paper we concentrate on one of them: the implications for the theory of time. Entropic time is introduced as a book-keeping device to keep track of the accumulation of changes. One new feature is that, unlike other concepts of time appearing in the so-called fundamental laws of physics, entropic time incorporates a natural distinction between past and future.
Caticha, Ariel [Department of Physics, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 (United States)
Simulations of Kinetic Events at the Atomic Scale
of kinetic events at the atomic scale of kinetic events at the atomic scale Graeme Henkelman UT Austin Al / Al(100) B 3 I / Si Pd / MgO How can we simulate the dynamics of molecular systems over experimental time scales? Objective: To calculate dynamics of a surface over time scales which are much longer than can be calculated with direct classical dynamics. Problem: time scale gap fs ps ns ms ms s mins atomic dynamics thermally activated experimental vibrations simulations reaction dynamics time scales Most interesting transitions are rare 0.5 eV 1000/s events (much slower than vibrations) Simulating a transition for a typical rare event with classical dynamics can require ~10 12 force evaluations Transition state theory A statistical theory for calculating the rate of slow thermal processes
Quantum noises and the large scale structure
We propose that cosmological density perturbation may originate from passive fluctuations of the inflaton, which are induced by colored quantum noise due to the coupling of the inflaton to the quantum environment. At small scales, the fluctuations grow with time to become nearly scale-invariant. However, the larger-scale modes cross out the horizon earlier and do not have enough time to grow, thus resulting in a suppression of the density perturbation. This may explain the observed low quadrupole in the CMB anisotropy data and and potentially unveil the initial time of inflation. We also discuss the implications to the running spectral index and the non-Gaussianity of the primordial density perturbation.
Wo-Lung Lee
FAST: Frequency-aware static timing analysis
Energy is a valuable resource in embedded systems as the lifetime of many such systems is constrained by their battery capacity. Recent advances in processor design have added support for dynamic frequency/voltage scaling (DVS) for saving energy. Recent ... Keywords: Real-time systems, dynamic voltage scaling, scheduling, worst-case execution time analysis
Kiran Seth; Aravindh Anantaraman; Frank Mueller; Eric Rotenberg
Lightning Scaling Relations Revisited
Scaling relations connecting storm electrical generator power (and hence lightning flash rate) to charge transport velocity and storm geometry were originally posed by Vonnegut in the 1960s. These were later simplified to yield simple ...
Dennis J. Boccippio
Large-Scale Hydropower
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Large-scale hydropower plants are generally developed to produce electricity for government or electric utility projects. These plants are more than 30 MW in size, and there is more than 80,000 MW...
Fish scales and growth
Fish scales and growth Name: Belinda Clark Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: In my daughter's book about fish, it states that fish continue to get bigger as they age...
Utility-Scale Concentrating Solar Power and Photovoltaic Projects: A Technology and Market Overview
Over the last several years, solar energy technologies have been, or are in the process of being, deployed at unprecedented levels. A critical recent development, resulting from the massive scale of projects in progress or recently completed, is having the power sold directly to electric utilities. Such 'utility-scale' systems offer the opportunity to deploy solar technologies far faster than the traditional 'behind-the-meter' projects designed to offset retail load. Moreover, these systems have employed significant economies of scale during construction and operation, attracting financial capital, which in turn can reduce the delivered cost of power. This report is a summary of the current U.S. utility-scale solar state-of-the-market and development pipeline. Utility-scale solar energy systems are generally categorized as one of two basic designs: concentrating solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV). CSP systems can be further delineated into four commercially available technologies: parabolic trough, central receiver (CR), parabolic dish, and linear Fresnel reflector. CSP systems can also be categorized as hybrid, which combine a solar-based system (generally parabolic trough, CR, or linear Fresnel) and a fossil fuel energy system to produce electric power or steam.
Mendelsohn, M.; Lowder, T.; Canavan, B.
Diffraction Across the Time and Length Scale - Programmaster.org
Mar 5, 2013... S Kuramoto2; T Furuta2; M Furusaka3; M Eldrup4; 1National Institute for Materials Science; 2Toyota central research; 3Hokkaido University;�...
Time Scales of the Trade Wind Boundary Layer Adjustment
The adjustment of the trade wind atmospheric boundary layer to an abrupt sea surface warming is investigated using a large-eddy simulation (LES) and two simple bulk models: a mixed-layer model (MLM), and a model based on the mixing-line hypothesis ...
Gilles Bellon; Bjorn Stevens
Multi-Time Scaling Crystal Plasticity FE Models Dwell Fatigue ...
First Principles Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Magnetic Refrigeration Materials ... of Lithium Battery Materials LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni): A Comparative ... Forming-Crush Simulation Optimization Using Internal State Variable Model.
The timing device comprises an escapement wheel and pallet, a spring drive to rotate the escapement wheel to a zero position, means to wind the pretensioned spring proportional to the desired signal time, and a cam mechanism to control an electrical signal switch by energizing the switch when the spring has been wound to the desired position, and deenergizing it when it reaches the zero position. This device produces an accurately timed signal variably witain the control of the operator.
Bennett, A.E.; Geisow, J.C.H.
Angular Scaling In Jets
We introduce a jet shape observable defined for an ensemble of jets in terms of two-particle angular correlations and a resolution parameter R. This quantity is infrared and collinear safe and can be interpreted as a scaling exponent for the angular distribution of mass inside the jet. For small R it is close to the value 2 as a consequence of the approximately scale invariant QCD dynamics. For large R it is sensitive to non-perturbative effects. We describe the use of this correlation function for tests of QCD, for studying underlying event and pile-up effects, and for tuning Monte Carlo event generators.
Jankowiak, Martin; Larkoski, Andrew J.; /SLAC
Lab Scale Hydraulic Parameter Estimation .
??Hydraulic tomography has been tested at the field scale, lab scale and in synthetic experiments. Recently Illman and Berg have conducted studies at the lab� (more)
Hartz, Andrew Scott
Scaled Solar | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Product Scaled Solar manufacturers and markets utility-grade, concentrated photovoltaic solar energy systems to commercial customers References Scaled Solar1 LinkedIn...
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Cook, Neville G.W.; Hood, Michael.
of the fuel From ii nuclear reactor [3]. This is consideredof the fuel from a nuclear reactor, [3]. These two full-
New Algorithm Enables Unprecedented Sampling, Modeling of Arctic...
the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service used a unique algorithm to divide the state of Alaska into "bioclimatic" regions based on the results of climate and permafrost...
The new Integrated Biorefinery Research Facility (IBRF) offers an unprecedented
., "SNG From Refuse and Sewage Sludge by the BIOGAS® Process, " Symposium on Clean Fuels From Biomas
The Role of Scaling in Societal Applications: Public and Private
Role of Scaling in Societal Applications: Public and Private Role of Scaling in Societal Applications: Public and Private Infrastructure Vulnerabilities Title The Role of Scaling in Societal Applications: Public and Private Infrastructure Vulnerabilities Publication Type Book Chapter Year of Publication 2010 Authors Larsen, Peter H. Book Title Scaling Studies in Arctic System Science and Policy Support Date Published 2010 Publisher U.S.Arctic Research Commission Abstract The large number of examples paints the picture of an Arctic experiencing rapid, arguably unprecedented, and ongoing environmental change. Such change, from a biogeophysical perspective, cascades into many domains-land and coastline permafrost degradation, sea ice retreat, winds and waves leading to coastal erosion, changes in vegetation, longer ice-free seasons, "greening" of the Arctic, waterlogging of soils, more variable weather, including extremes of cold or warm, icing, flooding, droughts, and increased incidence of fire. These linked changes in the Arctic environment are fundamentally interdisciplinary in nature and require system-level, synthetic, and multiscale thinking. But the change also reverberates into many societally relevant domains: damage to and loss of civil infrastructure due to permafrost degradation, reduction in ice-dependent transportation routes over land, coastal infrastructure battered by waves, northward migration of pathogens and vectors affecting human health, sea ice retreat leading to coastal erosion, fires and smoke affecting navigation and infrastructure, pest outbreaks, and loss of species, including traditionally hunted/fished species. Although there will be many, clearly positive, effects, including access to ocean shipping, resource extraction, and new fisheries, preliminary assessment indicates substantial negative impacts from climate change alone-of billions if not tens of billions of dollars for the State of Alaska to year 2030. Such estimates are generated by extrapolating site-specific damage assessments through spatial extrapolation to the domain of the entire state-fundamentally a scaling issue, but one with substantial uncertainty surrounding it, as will be discussed below. It is thus important to identify the readiness of the research and assessment community across a wide spectrum of applications. Identifying and filling key gaps in science and technology readiness today helps to forestall delays in acquiring policy-actionable knowledge upon which future climate change adaptation can be based. Focus again will be on climate change, as an overriding backdrop of Arctic system change and as a principal forcing that will challenge policymakers and managers. Seven societal applications are presented: Arctic human health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, infrastructure at risk, subsistence fisheries, non-renewable resource extractions, sea ice navigation, and oil spill response and restoration.
Monetary Awards Scale
MONETARY AWARDS SCALE FOR INTANGIBLE BENEFITS FROM MONETARY AWARDS SCALE FOR INTANGIBLE BENEFITS FROM SUGGESTIONS, INVENTIONS, SPECIAL ACTS OR SERVICES VALUE OF BENEFIT EXTENT OF APPLICATION Limited Affects functions, mission, or personnel of one office (e.g., field site office or one office within a HQ Departmental element). Affects a small area of science or technology. Extended Affects functions, mission, or personnel of a several field site offices or HQ office within a Departmental element (e.g., more than one). Affects an important area of science or technology. Broad Affects functions, mission, or personnel of an entire Departmental element or Departmental element with multiple site offices. Affects a broad area of science or technology. General Affects functions, mission, or personnel
A High Resolution Scale-of-four
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
A high resolution scale-of-four has been developed to be used in conjunction with the nuclear particle detection devices in applications where the counting rate is unusually high. Specifically, it is intended to precede the commercially available medium resolution scaling circuits and so decrease the resolving time of the counting system. The circuit will function reliably on continuously recurring pulses separated by less than 0.1 microseconds. It will resolve two pulses (occurring at a moderate repetition rate) which are spaced at 0.04 microseconds. A five-volt input signal is sufficient to actuate the device.
Fitch, V.
Improving Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for
Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for Real-time Data Sharing Title Improving Building Performance at Urban Scale with a Framework for Real-time Data Sharing Publication Type Conference Proceedings LBNL Report Number LBNL-6303E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Pang, Xiufeng, Tianzhen Hong, and Mary Ann Piette Date Published 05/2013 Keywords building performance, energy efficiency, energy modeling, optimal operation, urban scale. Abstract This paper describes work in progress toward an urban-scale system aiming to reduce energy use in neighboring buildings by providing three components: a database for accessing past and present weather data from high quality weather stations; a network for communicating energy-saving strategies between building owners; and a set of modeling tools for real-time building energy simulation.
External Surveillance of Geothermal Scale Deposits Employing Iridium-192
External Surveillance of Geothermal Scale Deposits Employing Iridium-192 External Surveillance of Geothermal Scale Deposits Employing Iridium-192 Radiography Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: External Surveillance of Geothermal Scale Deposits Employing Iridium-192 Radiography Abstract Iridium-192 radiography has been successfully tested as a technique for externally monitoring geothermal scale deposits in piping at the Brawley, CA geothermal field. This technique is applied to piping that handles flowing brine to provide in situ scale deposition observations without the disadvantage of dismantling piping for visual scale inspection. Exposure times and film orientations have been optimized to yield excellent agreement between radiographically detected scale thicknesses and actual
Cross-flow Ultrafiltration Scaling Considerations
One legacy of the nuclear age is radioactive waste and it must be stabilized to be stored in a safe manner. An important part of the stabilization process is the separation of radioactive solids from the liquid wastes by cross-flow ultrafiltration. The performance of this technology with the wastes to be treated was unknown and, therefore, had to be obtained. However, before beginning a filter study the question of experimental scale had to be addressed. Of course, carrying out experiments using full-size equipment is always ideal, but rarely practical when dealing with plant size processes. Flow loops that will handle millions of liters of slurries, which are either highly caustic or acidic, with flow rates of 10,000 lpm make full-scale tests prohibitively expensive. Moreover, when the slurries happen to be radioactive such work is also very dangerous. All of these considerations lend themselves to investigations at smaller scales and in many situations can be treated with computational analyses. Unfortunately, as scale is reduced it becomes harder to provide prototypic results and the two and three phase multi-component mixtures challenge accurate computational results. To obtain accurate and representative filter results the use of two scales were chosen: (1) Small-scale--would allow the testing with actual radioactive waste samples and compare results with simulated wastes that were not radioactive. For this scale the feed tank held 6 liters of waste and it had a single cross-flow filter tube 0.61 m long. (2) Pilot-scale--would be restricted to use simulated non-radioactive wastes. At this larger scale the feed tank held 120 liters of waste and the filter unit was prototypic to the planned plant facility in pore size (0.1 micron), length (2.29 m), diameter (0.0127 m inside and 0.0159 m outside diameter), and being multi-tubed. The small-scale apparatus is convenient, easy to use, and can test both radioactive and non-radioactive wastes; therefore, there is a larger database than at the pilot scale. In fact, the small-scale data are very useful to compare actual waste to simulated waste filter performance to validate a simulant, but data availability does not mean they accurately represent full-scale performance. Results indicate that small-scale filter fluxes to be significantly higher that those at the pilot scale. In an attempt to study the difference in filter performance at the two scales an experiment was done that used exactly the same simultant which was created at the same time so that issues of composition and aging would not compromise the results. This paper will discuss those experimental results, as well as those from a computational fluid dynamics model to better understand the small-scale limitations.
Duignan, M
The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to develop a bench scale test facility, using a mixer, transfer pump, and transfer line to determine the impact of conveying the grout through the transfer lines to the vault on grout properties. Bench scale testing focused on the effect the transfer line has on the rheological property of the grout as it was processed through the transfer line. Rheological and other physical properties of grout samples were obtained prior to and after pumping through a transfer line. The Bench Scale Mixing Rig (BSMR) consisted of two mixing tanks, grout feed tank, transfer pump and transfer hose. The mixing tanks were used to batch the grout which was then transferred into the grout feed tank. The contents of the feed tank were then pumped through the transfer line (hose) using a progressive cavity pump. The grout flow rate and pump discharge pressure were monitored. Four sampling stations were located along the length of the transfer line at the 5, 105 and 205 feet past the transfer pump and at 305 feet, the discharge of the hose. Scaling between the full scale piping at Saltstone to bench scale testing at SRNL was performed by maintaining the same shear rate and total shear at the wall of the transfer line. The results of scaling down resulted in a shorter transfer line, a lower average velocity, the same transfer time and similar pressure drops. The condition of flow in the bench scale transfer line is laminar. The flow in the full scale pipe is in the transition region, but is more laminar than turbulent. The resulting plug in laminar flow in the bench scale results in a region of no-mixing. Hence mixing, or shearing, at the bench scale should be less than that observed in the full scale, where this plug is non existent due to the turbulent flow. The bench scale tests should be considered to be conservative due to the highly laminar condition of flow that exists. Two BSMR runs were performed. In both cases, wall shearing was shown to reduce the rheological properties of the grout as it was processed through the transfer line. Samples taken at the static feed tank showed that gelling impacted the rheological properties of the grout before it was fed into the pump and transfer line. A comparison of the rheological properties of samples taken at the feed tank and transfer line discharge indicated shearing of the grout was occurring in the transfer line. Bench scale testing of different mixing methods with three different salt solutions showed that method of mixing influences the rheological properties of the grouts. The paddle blade mixing method of the salt solution used for the BMSR testing provided comparable rheological properties of the grout prepared in the BMSR after 14 minutes of processing, B3. The paddle blade mixing method can be used to represent BMSR results and mixing time can be adjusted to represent larger scale mixing.
Cozzi, A.; Hansen, E.
Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design
Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design Informing system design, ensuring productive and efficient code Project Description To address the increasingly complex problems of the modern world, scientists at Los Alamos are pushing the scale of computing to the extreme, forming partnerships with other national laboratories and industry to develop supercomputers that can achieve "exaflop" speeds-that is, a quintillion (a million trillion) calculations per second. To put such speed in perspective, it is equivalent to 50 million laptops all working together at the same time. Researchers are also developing the interacting components of a computational system as a whole. This approach, known as computational co-design, may facilitate revolutionary designs in the next generation of supercomputers.
Pressure Drops Due to Silica Scaling
Experience with reinjection returns in many geothermal fields has prompted a move towards injecting waste fluids at some distance from the production field. This means that often, reinjection pipelines cover very long distances. If the waste water in the pipelines is supersaturated with respect to amorphous silica, then the deposition of silica in these pipelines is almost certain. Although the deposit may be of negligible thickness, the inner surface characteristics of the pipe will be different to those of clean mild steel. During a silica scaling experiment. geothermal brine was passed through a series of pipes of different sizes and over a period of three weeks, silica scale formed on the inner surface. The pressure drop along a distance of approximately 5m was measured by a water manometer in all test pipe sections. Significant pressure drop was observed during this time and can be correlated with the increase in the friction factor of the pipe walls due to silica scaling.
Brown, K.L.; Freeston, D.H.; Dimas, Z.O.; Slatter, A.
Advanced concepts in large-scale network simulation
This tutorial paper reviews existing concepts and future directions in selected areas related to simulation of large-scale networks. It covers specifically topics in traffic modeling, simulation of routing, network emulation, and real-time simulation.
David M. Nicol; Michael Liljenstam; Jason Liu
Setting the Scales of the Ocean Response to Isolated Convection
The ocean response to negative buoyancy flux, applied in an isolated region at the surface, is investigated to determine the scales of the equilibrium state, that is, the time to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium density anomaly within the ...
David C. Chapman
Discretized streams: fault-tolerant streaming computation at scale
Many "big data" applications must act on data in real time. Running these applications at ever-larger scales requires parallel platforms that automatically handle faults and stragglers. Unfortunately, current distributed stream processing models provide ...
Matei Zaharia, Tathagata Das, Haoyuan Li, Timothy Hunter, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica
Platforms and real options in large-scale engineering systems
This thesis introduces a framework and two methodologies that enable engineering management teams to assess the value of real options in programs of large-scale, partially standardized systems implemented a few times over ...
Kalligeros, Konstantinos C., 1976-
Scaling Properties of Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieved from Ground-Based Measurements
Statistical scale-by-scale analysis, for the first time, has been applied to the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) network. The MFRSR data were collected in September 2000 from ...
Mikhail D. Alexandrov; Alexander Marshak; Brian Cairns; Andrew A. Lacis; Barbara E. Carlson
Time Brightness
Perlmutter, et al., in Thermonuclear Supernovae, NATO ASI, v. 486 (1997) Perlmutter, et al., in Thermonuclear Supernovae, NATO ASI, v. 486 (1997) Cosmology from . . . Time Brightness ... . . . 50-100 Fields Lunar Calendar Scheduled Follow-Up Imaging at Hubble, Cerro Tololo, WIYN, Isaac Newton Scheduled Follow-Up Spectroscopy at Keck Almost 1000 Galaxies per Field RESULT: ~24 Type Ia supernovae discovered while still brightening, at new moon Berkeley Lab Keck WIYN Cerro Tololo Isaac Newton Hubble Strategy We developed a strategy to guarantee a group of supernova discoveries on a certain date. Just after a new moon, we observe some 50 to 100 high-galactic lattitute fields-each containing almost a thousand high-redshift galaxies-in two nights on the Cerro Tololo 4-meter telescope with Tyson & Bernstein's wide-field camera. We return three weeks later to observe the same
NIST Time and Frequency Division 1998 - Current Directions
... The NIST Time Scale is the flywheel clock system that provides accurate signals for services and applications and serves as a reference for ...
Adaptive Real-Time Methodology for Optimizing Energy-Efficient...
Email Adaptive Real-Time Methodology for Optimizing Energy-Efficient Computing Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective way to reduce energy and power...
Time and Frequency from A to Z: U to W
... UT0 - The original mean solar time scale, based on the rotation of the Earth on its ... It has equal power per hertz over the specified frequency band. ...
Goethite Bench-scale and Large-scale Preparation Tests
The Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is the keystone for cleanup of high-level radioactive waste from our nation's nuclear defense program. The WTP will process high-level waste from the Hanford tanks and produce immobilized high-level waste glass for disposal at a national repository, low activity waste (LAW) glass, and liquid effluent from the vitrification off-gas scrubbers. The liquid effluent will be stabilized into a secondary waste form (e.g. grout-like material) and disposed on the Hanford site in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) along with the low-activity waste glass. The major long-term environmental impact at Hanford results from technetium that volatilizes from the WTP melters and finally resides in the secondary waste. Laboratory studies have indicated that pertechnetate ({sup 99}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) can be reduced and captured into a solid solution of {alpha}-FeOOH, goethite (Um 2010). Goethite is a stable mineral and can significantly retard the release of technetium to the environment from the IDF. The laboratory studies were conducted using reaction times of many days, which is typical of environmental subsurface reactions that were the genesis of this new process. This study was the first step in considering adaptation of the slow laboratory steps to a larger-scale and faster process that could be conducted either within the WTP or within the effluent treatment facility (ETF). Two levels of scale-up tests were conducted (25x and 400x). The largest scale-up produced slurries of Fe-rich precipitates that contained rhenium as a nonradioactive surrogate for {sup 99}Tc. The slurries were used in melter tests at Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) to determine whether captured rhenium was less volatile in the vitrification process than rhenium in an unmodified feed. A critical step in the technetium immobilization process is to chemically reduce Tc(VII) in the pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) to Tc(Iv)by reaction with the ferrous ion, Fe{sup 2+}-Fe{sup 2+} is oxidized to Fe{sup 3+} - in the presence of goethite seed particles. Rhenium does not mimic that process; it is not a strong enough reducing agent to duplicate the TcO{sub 4}{sup -}/Fe{sup 2+} redox reactions. Laboratory tests conducted in parallel with these scaled tests identified modifications to the liquid chemistry necessary to reduce ReO{sub 4}{sup -} and capture rhenium in the solids at levels similar to those achieved by Um (2010) for inclusion of Tc into goethite. By implementing these changes, Re was incorporated into Fe-rich solids for testing at VSL. The changes also changed the phase of iron that was in the slurry product: rather than forming goethite ({alpha}-FeOOH), the process produced magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}). Magnetite was considered by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and VSL to probably be a better product to improve Re retention in the melter because it decomposes at a higher temperature than goethite (1538 C vs. 136 C). The feasibility tests at VSL were conducted using Re-rich magnetite. The tests did not indicate an improved retention of Re in the glass during vitrification, but they did indicate an improved melting rate (+60%), which could have significant impact on HLW processing. It is still to be shown whether the Re is a solid solution in the magnetite as {sup 99}Tc was determined to be in goethite.
Josephson, Gary B.; Westsik, Joseph H.
Mesoscale Variations of Tropospheric Aerosols
Tropospheric aerosols are calculated to cause global-scale changes in the earth's heat balance, but these forcings are space/time integrals over highly variable quantities. Accurate quantification of these forcings will require an unprecedented ...
Theodore L. Anderson; Robert J. Charlson; David M. Winker; John A. Ogren; Kim Holm�n
Real-Time Signal Estimation From Modified Short-Time Fourier Transform Magnitude Spectra
An algorithm for estimating signals from short-time magnitude spectra is introduced offering a significant improvement in quality and efficiency over current methods. The key issue is how to invert a sequence of overlapping magnitude spectra (a ldquospectrogramrdquo) ... Keywords: Magnitude-only reconstruction, real-time systems, signal estimation, spectrogram inversion, time-scale modification (TSM)
Xinglei Zhu; G. Beauregard; L. Wyse
Connecting the Molecular and the Continuum Scales
Connecting the Molecular and the Continuum Scales Connecting the Molecular and the Continuum Scales Key Challenges: A molecular-scale understanding of structure and surface...
Monetary Awards Scale | Department of Energy
Monetary Awards Scale Monetary Awards Scale Chart of the monetary awards scale allowed for intangible and tangible benefits from suggestions, inventions, special acts or services....
Continuum-based sensitivity analysis for coupled atomistic and continuum simulations for 2-D applications using bridging scale decomposition
The concept of linking simulations at multiple length and time scales is found useful for studying local physical phenomena such as crack propagation. Many multi-scale methods, which couple molecular dynamics models with continuum models, have been proposed ... Keywords: Bridging scale method, Design sensitivity analysis, Multi-scale simulation
Yunxiang Wang, Kuang-Hua Chang
A Generalization of Lorenz�s Model for the Predictability of Flows with Many Scales of Motion
In a seminal paper, E. N. Lorenz proposed that flows with many scales of motion in which smaller-scale error spreads to larger scales and in which the error-doubling time decreases with decreasing scale have a finite range of predictability. ...
R. Rotunno; C. Snyder
The structure of cosmic time
Following the approach of Julien Lesgourgues [1], we analyze the mathematical structure of the time co-ordinate of present day cosmological models, where these models include a cosmological constant term to account for the observed acceleration of the universe [2], [3]: we find that in all cases, except for a set of measure zero in the parameter space, the time is given by an (abelian) integral on a torus; the imaginary period of this integral then gives a natural periodicity in imaginary time for the universe; following Stephen Hawking [4], [5], this periodicity may be interpreted either as giving a fundamental mass scale for the universe, or (using Planck�s constant) a fundamental temperature, or both. The precise structure that emerges suggests that the structure of time can be regarded as an order parameter arising perhaps in a phase transition in the early universe; one might hope that this structure
George Sparling
utility-scale | OpenEI
898 898 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142258898 Varnish cache server utility-scale Dataset Summary Description No description given. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date Released July 03rd, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated July 03rd, 2012 (2 years ago) Keywords biopower csp geothermal hydropower hydrothermal Renewable Energy Technical Potential rooftop United States utility-scale wind Data text/csv icon United States Renewable Energy Technical Potential (csv, 7.7 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL) Comment
Utility Scale Wind turbine Demonstration Project
The purpose of the Three Affiliated Tribes proposing to Department of Energy was nothing new to Denmark. National Meteorological Studies have proved that North Dakota has some of the most consistence wind resources in the world. The Three Affiliated Tribes wanted to assess their potential and become knowledgeable to developing this new and upcoming resource now valuable. By the Tribe implementing the Utility-scale Wind Turbine Project on Fort Berthold, the tribe has proven the ability to complete a project, and has already proceeded in a feasibility studies to developing a large-scale wind farm on the reservation due to tribal knowledge learned, public awareness, and growing support of a Nation wanting clean renewable energy. The tribe is working through the various measures and regulations with the want to be self-sufficient, independent, and marketable with 17,000 times the wind energy needed to service Fort Berthold alone.
Terry Fredericks
Constraints on the quantum gravity scale from kappa - Minkowski spacetime
We compare two versions of deformed dispersion relations (energy vs momenta and momenta vs energy) and the corresponding time delay up to the second order accuracy in the quantum gravity scale (deformation parameter). A general framework describing modified dispersion relations and time delay with respect to different noncommutative kappa -Minkowski spacetime realizations is firstly proposed here and it covers all the cases introduced in the literature. It is shown that some of the realizations provide certain bounds on quadratic corrections, i.e. on quantum gravity scale, but it is not excluded in our framework that quantum gravity scale is the Planck scale. We also show how the coefficients in the dispersion relations can be obtained through a multiparameter fit of the gamma ray burst (GRB) data.
A. Borowiec; Kumar S. Gupta; S. Meljanac; A. Pachol
Community-Scale Anaerobic Digesters Webinar | Department of Energy
Community-Scale Anaerobic Digesters Webinar Community-Scale Anaerobic Digesters Webinar Community-Scale Anaerobic Digesters Webinar April 16, 2013 1:00PM MDT Webinar This free webinar will be held on April 16, 2013, from 1-2:15 p.m. Mountain Daylight Time. It will provide information on San Jose, California's, commercial-scale, high solids dry fermentation anaerobic digestion system, and the Forest County Potawatomi Community's anaerobic digester project. Implementing Anaerobic Digestion in San Jose's Integrated Processing Infrastructure This presentation will provide background on San Jose, California's, leading-edge program using the nation's first commercial-scale, high solids dry fermentation anaerobic digestion system to process commercial organics from more than 8,000 businesses in the city. Phase one of the Zero Waste
Large-Scale Hydropower Basics | Department of Energy
Large-Scale Hydropower Basics Large-Scale Hydropower Basics Large-Scale Hydropower Basics August 14, 2013 - 3:11pm Addthis Large-scale hydropower plants are generally developed to produce electricity for government or electric utility projects. These plants are more than 30 megawatts (MW) in size, and there is more than 80,000 MW of installed generation capacity in the United States today. Most large-scale hydropower projects use a dam and a reservoir to retain water from a river. When the stored water is released, it passes through and rotates turbines, which spin generators to produce electricity. Water stored in a reservoir can be accessed quickly for use during times when the demand for electricity is high. Dammed hydropower projects can also be built as power storage facilities.
SHARP Assembly-Scale Multiphysics Demonstration Simulations | Argonne
SHARP Assembly-Scale Multiphysics Demonstration Simulations SHARP Assembly-Scale Multiphysics Demonstration Simulations Title SHARP Assembly-Scale Multiphysics Demonstration Simulations Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2013 Authors Tautges, TJ, Fischer, PF, Grindeanu, I, Jain, R, Mahajan, A, Obabko, AV, Smith, MA, Merzari, E, Ferencz, R Document Number ANL/MCS-NE-13-9 Abstract The NEAMS Reactor Product Line effort aims to develop an integrated multiphysics simulation capability for the design and analysis of future generations of nuclear power plants. The Reactor Product Line code suite's multi-resolution hierarchy is being designed to ultimately span the full range of length and time scales present in relevant reactor design and safety analyses, as well as scale from desktop to petaflop computing platforms.
Using a scale analysis approach, we model phase change (melting) for pure materials which generate internal heat for small Stefan numbers (approximately one). The analysis considers conduction in the solid phase and natural convection, driven by internal heat generation, in the liquid regime. The model is applied for a constant surface temperature boundary condition where the melting temperature is greater than the surface temperature in a cylindrical geometry. We show the time scales in which conduction and convection heat transfer dominate.
John Crepeau
Time-parallel multiscale/multiphysics framework
We introduce the time-parallel compound wavelet matrix method (tpCWM) for modeling the temporal evolution of multiscale and multiphysics systems. The method couples time parallel (TP) and CWM methods operating at different spatial and temporal scales. ... Keywords: 02.00.00, 02.10.Jf, 05.10.-a, 46.15.-x, 47.70.Fw, Parallel-in-time, Wavelet-based multiscaling
G. Frantziskonis; K. Muralidharan; P. Deymier; S. Simunovic; P. Nukala; S. Pannala
Method of producing nano-scaled inorganic platelets
The present invention provides a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm. The method comprises (a) dispersing particles of a non-graphite laminar compound in a liquid medium containing therein a surfactant or dispersing agent to obtain a stable suspension or slurry; and (b) exposing the suspension or slurry to ultrasonic waves at an energy level for a sufficient length of time to produce separated nano-scaled platelets. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites.
Zhamu, Aruna; Jang, Bor Z.
A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion
A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion Peer a new topological framework for the analysis of large scale, time-varying, turbulent combustion consumption thresh- olds for an entire time-dependent combustion simulation. By computing augmented merge
Tierny, Julien
Performance modeling of hybrid MPI/OpenMP scientific applications on large-scale multicore supercomputers
In this paper, we present a performance modeling framework based on memory bandwidth contention time and a parameterized communication model to predict the performance of OpenMP, MPI and hybrid applications with weak scaling on three large-scale multicore ... Keywords: Hybrid MPI/OpenMP, Memory bandwidth contention time, Multicore supercomputers, Performance modeling
Xingfu Wu, Valerie Taylor
Anomaly Detection at Multiple Scales
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Anomaly Detection at Multiple Scales, or ADAMS, is a $35 million DARPA project designed to identify patterns and anomalies ...
Alain Sren Mikhayhu
Scale-Controlled Objective Analysis
The major topic of this paper is the resolvable spatial scales that can be analyzed by statistical interpolation of an undersampled dataset. The inquiry was motivated by the need to design the most appropriate procedures for spatial analysis of ...
Katsuyuki V. Ooyama
Subsynoptic-Scale Baroclinic Instability
A linear stability analysis of the hyperbolic tangent profiles is made. A Boussinesq primitive equation model with high vertical resolution is used. Unstable modes of intermediate scales (Lx ? 1000 km) are generated when the curvature, d2?/dz2, ...
Prakki Satyamurthy; Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao; Antonio Divino Moura
Scaling Characteristics of Soil Hydraulic Parameters at Varying Spatial Resolutions
This dissertation focuses on the challenge of soil hydraulic parameter scaling in soil hydrology and related applications in general; and, in particular, the upscaling of these parameters to provide effective values at coarse scales. Soil hydraulic properties are required for many hydrological and ecological models at their representative scales. Prediction accuracy of these models is highly dependent on the quality of the model input parameters. However, measurement of parameter data at all such required scales is impractical as that would entail huge outlays of finance, time and effort. Hence, alternate methods of estimating the soil hydraulic parameters at the scales of interest are necessary. Two approaches to bridge this gap between the measurement and application scales for soil hydraulic parameters are presented in this dissertation. The first one is a stochastic approach, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) applied within a Bayesian framework. ANNs have been used before to derive soil hydraulic parameters from other more easily measured soil properties at matching scales. Here, ANNs were applied with different training and simulation scales. This concept was further extended to work within a Bayesian framework in order to provide estimates of uncertainty in such parameter estimations. Use of ancillary information such as elevation and vegetation data, in addition to the soil physical properties, were also tested. These multiscale pedotransfer function methods were successfully tested with numerical and field studies at different locations and scales. Most upscaling efforts thus far ignore the effect of the topography on the upscaled soil hydraulic parameter values. While this flat-terrain assumption is acceptable at coarse scales of a few hundred meters, at kilometer scales and beyond, the influence of the physical features cannot be ignored. anew upscaling scheme which accounts for variations in topography within a domain was developed to upscale soil hydraulic parameters to hill-slope (kilometer) scales. The algorithm was tested on different synthetically generated topographic configurations with good results. Extending the methodology to field conditions with greater complexities also produced good results. A comparison of different recently developed scaling schemes showed that at hill-slope scales, inclusion of topographic information produced better estimates of effective soil hydraulic parameters at that scale.
Belur Jana, Raghavendra
Simulation of time evolution with the MERA
We describe an algorithm to simulate time evolution using the Multi-scale Entanglement Renormalization Ansatz (MERA) and test it by studying a critical Ising chain with periodic boundary conditions and with up to L ~ 10^6 quantum spins. The cost of a simulation, which scales as L log(L), is reduced to log(L) when the system is invariant under translations. By simulating an evolution in imaginary time, we compute the ground state of the system. The errors in the ground state energy display no evident dependence on the system size. The algorithm can be extended to lattice systems in higher spatial dimensions.
Matteo Rizzi; Simone Montangero; Guifre' Vidal
Direct N-body simulations of star clusters in a realistic Milky-Way-like potential are carried out using the code NBODY6. Based on these simulations, a new relationship between scale size and galactocentric distance is derived: the scale size of star clusters is proportional to the hyperbolic tangent of the galactocentric distance. The half-mass radius of star clusters increases systematically with galactocentric distance but levels off when star clusters orbit the galaxy beyond {approx}40 kpc. These simulations show that the half-mass radius of individual star clusters varies significantly as they evolve over a Hubble time, more so for clusters with shorter relaxation times, and remains constant through several relaxation times only in certain situations when expansion driven by the internal dynamics of the star cluster and the influence of the host galaxy tidal field balance each other. Indeed, the radius of a star cluster evolving within the inner 20 kpc of a realistic galactic gravitational potential is severely truncated by tidal interactions and does not remain constant over a Hubble time. Furthermore, the half-mass radius of star clusters measured with present-day observations bears no memory of the original cluster size. Stellar evolution and tidal stripping are the two competing physical mechanisms that determine the present-day size of globular clusters. These simulations also show that extended star clusters can form at large galactocentric distances while remaining fully bound to the host galaxy. There is thus no need to invoke accretion from an external galaxy to explain the presence of extended clusters at large galactocentric distances in a Milky-Way-type galaxy.
Madrid, Juan P.; Hurley, Jarrod R.; Sippel, Anna C. [Center for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 (Australia)
Probing Dark Energy through Scale Dependence
We consider the consequences of having no prior knowledge of the true dark energy model for the interpretation of cosmological observations. The magnitude of redshift-space distortions and weak-lensing shear is determined by the metric on the geodesics of which galaxies and light propagate. We show that, given precise enough observations, we can use these data to completely reconstruct the metric on our past lightcone and therefore to measure the scale- and time-dependence of the anisotropic stress and the evolution of the gravitational potentials in a model-independent manner. Since both dark matter and dark energy affect the visible sector only through the gravitational field they produce, they are inseparable without a model for dark energy: galaxy bias cannot be measured and therefore the distribution of dark matter determined; the peculiar velocity of dark matter can be identified with that of the galaxies only when the equivalence principle holds. Given these limitations, we show how one can nonetheless build tests for classes of dark energy models which depend on making measurements at multiple scales at a particular redshift. They are null tests on the model-independent observables, do not require modeling evolution in time and do not require any parametrization of the free functions of these models, such as the sound speed. We show how one can rule out or constrain the whole class of the most-general scalar-tensor theories even without assuming the quasi-static limit.
Mariele Motta; Ignacy Sawicki; Ippocratis D. Saltas; Luca Amendola; Martin Kunz
The large scale clustering of radio sources
The observed two-point angular correlation function, w(theta), of mJy radio sources exhibits the puzzling feature of a power-law behaviour up to very large (almost 10 degrees) angular scales which cannot be accounted for in the standard hierarchical clustering scenario for any realistic redshift distribution of such sources. After having discarded the possibility that the signal can be explained by a high density local source population, we find no alternatives to assuming that - at variance with all the other extragalactic populations studied so far, and in particular with optically selected quasars - radio sources responsible for the large-scale clustering signal were increasingly less clustered with increasing look-back time, up to at least z=1. The data are accurately accounted for in terms of a bias function which decreases with increasing redshift, mirroring the evolution with cosmic time of the characteristic halo mass, M_{star}, entering the non linear regime. In the framework of the `concordance cosmology', the effective halo mass controlling the bias parameter is found to decrease from about 10^{15} M_{sun}/h at z=0 to the value appropriate for optically selected quasars, 10^{13} M_{sun}/h, at z=1.5. This suggests that, in the redshift range probed by the data, the clustering evolution of radio sources is ruled by the growth of large-scale structure, and that they are associated with the densest environments virializing at any cosmic epoch. The data provide only loose constraints on radio source clustering at z>1 so we cannot rule out the possibility that at these redshifts the clustering evolution of radio sources enters a different regime, perhaps similar to that found for optically selected quasars. The dependence of w(theta) on cosmological parameters is also discussed.
M. Negrello; M. Magliocchetti; G. De Zotti
Linearly Scaling 3D Fragment Method for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculations
We present a new linearly scaling three-dimensional fragment (LS3DF) method for large scale ab initio electronic structure calculations. LS3DF is based on a divide-and-conquer approach, which incorporates a novel patching scheme that effectively cancels out the artificial boundary effects due to the subdivision of the system. As a consequence, the LS3DF program yields essentially the same results as direct density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The fragments of the LS3DF algorithm can be calculated separately with different groups of processors. This leads to almost perfect parallelization on tens of thousands of processors. After code optimization, we were able to achieve 35.1 Tflop/s, which is 39percent of the theoretical speed on 17,280 Cray XT4 processor cores. Our 13,824-atom ZnTeO alloy calculation runs 400 times faster than a direct DFTcalculation, even presuming that the direct DFT calculation can scale well up to 17,280 processor cores. These results demonstrate the applicability of the LS3DF method to material simulations, the advantage of using linearly scaling algorithms over conventional O(N3) methods, and the potential for petascale computation using the LS3DF method.
Wang, Lin-Wang; Lee, Byounghak; Shan, Hongzhang; Zhao, Zhengji; Meza, Juan; Strohmaier, Erich; Bailey, David H.
Linear scaling 3D fragment method for large-scale electronic structure calculations
We present a new linearly scaling three-dimensional fragment (LS3DF) method for large scale ab initio electronic structure calculations. LS3DF is based on a divide-and-conquer approach, which incorporates a novel patching scheme that effectively cancels out the artificial boundary effects due to the subdivision of the system. As a consequence, the LS3DF program yields essentially the same results as direct density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The fragments of the LS3DF algorithm can be calculated separately with different groups of processors. This leads to almost perfect parallelization on tens of thousands of processors. After code optimization, we were able to achieve 35.1 Tflop/s, which is 39% of the theoretical speed on 17,280 Cray XT4 processor cores. Our 13,824-atom ZnTeO alloy calculation runs 400 times faster than a direct DFT calculation, even presuming that the direct DFT calculation can scale well up to 17,280 processor cores. These results demonstrate the applicability of the LS3DF method to material simulations, the advantage of using linearly scaling algorithms over conventional O(N{sup 3}) methods, and the potential for petascale computation using the LS3DF method.
Wang, Lin-Wang; Wang, Lin-Wang; Lee, Byounghak; Shan, HongZhang; Zhao, Zhengji; Meza, Juan; Strohmaier, Erich; Bailey, David
Roadmap towards ultimately-efficient zeta-scale datacenters
Chip microscale liquid-cooling reduces thermal resistance and improves datacenter efficiency with higher coolant temperatures by eliminating chillers and allowing thermal energy re-use in cold climates. Liquid cooling enables an unprecedented density ... Keywords: cooling, datacenter, energy, packaging, power-supply, reuse, stacking
Patrick Ruch, Thomas Brunschwiler, Stephan Paredes, Ingmar Meijer, Bruno Michel
Understanding Time and Frequency
... from the liter of gasoline measured by the oil company's scale. ... to skipschoolin the afternoon.Theproblem was knowingwhen to come home, so that ...
Brief paper: A method for optimal control and filtering of multitime-scale linear singularly-perturbed stochastic systems
In this paper we introduce a transformation for the exact closed-loop decomposition of the optimal Kalman filter and the linear quadratic optimal controller of multi time scale continuous-time, linear, singularly-perturbed stochastic systems. The solution ... Keywords: Algebraic Riccati equation, Decoupling, Kalman filters, Multi time scale systems, Optimal linear control, Order reduction, Singularly-perturbed systems
N. Prljaca; Z. Gajic
Definition: Commercial Scale Wind | Open Energy Information
Scale Wind Commercial scale wind refers to wind energy projects greater than 100 kW. The electricity that is generated is sold.1 Also Known As Utility-Scale Wind Related Terms...
Scale-Free Cortical Planar Networks
D [2004] The modeling of scale-free networks. Physica A 333:Synchronization in scale-free dynamical networks: Robustnessnetworks: small-world, scale-free and beyond. IEEE Trans
Freeman, Walter J III; Kozma, Robert; Bollob�s, B�la; Riordan, Oliver
Carbonate scaling characteristics in Dixie Valley, Nevada geothermal wellbores
Calcite scale deposits in seven wellbores were logged with Schlumberger's multifinger caliper. The bottom of the scale is found at the deepest flash point. It thickens to a maximum in 46 to 107 m and then diminishes over a total length of 290 to 518 m. Scale deposition rates range from 267 to 911 kg of fluid produced for each cm/sup 3/ of scale deposited. The dominant variable controlling the deposition rate is the pre-flash calcium content which increases with decreasing fluid entry temperature. Data from one pair of wells indicates a 22.44 cm (I.D.) wellbore can have an initial scale deposition rate about 30% greater than a 31.53 cm wellbore. Downward movement of the flash point lengthens the scaled interval. Estimated times between scale cleanouts should be 3 to 4 months for wells with 22.44 cm production casing and 6 to 12 months for wells with 31.53 cm casing.
Benoit, W.R. (Oxbow Geothermal Corp., 200 S. Virginia Street, Suite 450, Reno, NV (US))
The Scale of Dark QCD
Most of the mass of ordinary matter has its origin from quantum chromodynamics (QCD). A similar strong dynamics, dark QCD, could exist to explain the mass origin of dark matter. Using infrared fixed points of the two gauge couplings, we provide a dynamical mechanism that relates the dark QCD confinement scale to our QCD scale, and hence provides an explanation for comparable dark baryon and proton masses. Together with a mechanism that generates equal amounts of dark baryon and ordinary baryon asymmetries in the early universe, the similarity of dark matter and ordinary matter energy densities can be naturally explained. For a large class of gauge group representations, the particles charged under both QCD and dark QCD, necessary ingredients for generating the infrared fixed points, are found to have masses at one to two TeV, which sets the scale for dark matter direct detection and novel collider signatures involving visible and dark jets.
Yang Bai; Pedro Schwaller
An Eddy-Resolving Numerical Model of the Ventilated Thermocline: Time Dependence
A primitive equation, eddy-resolving numerical model is used to study the inherent time scales of variability in the subtropical ocean, assuming temporally constant surface forcing. Three primary scales arise: mesoscale variability of roughly 50-...
Michael D. Cox
The Robinson Gravitational Wave Background Telescope (BICEP): a bolometric large angular scale CMB polarimeter
The Robinson Telescope (BICEP) is a ground-based millimeter-wave bolometric array designed to study the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) and galactic foreground emission. Such measurements probe the energy scale of the inflationary epoch, tighten constraints on cosmological parameters, and verify our current understanding of CMB physics. Robinson consists of a 250-mm aperture refractive telescope that provides an instantaneous field-of-view of 17 degrees with angular resolution of 55 and 37 arcminutes at 100 GHz and 150 GHz, respectively. Forty-nine pair of polarization-sensitive bolometers are cooled to 250 mK using a 4He/3He/3He sorption fridge system, and coupled to incoming radiation via corrugated feed horns. The all-refractive optics is cooled to 4 K to minimize polarization systematics and instrument loading. The fully steerable 3-axis mount is capable of continuous boresight rotation or azimuth scanning at speeds up to 5 deg/s. Robinson has begun its first season of observation at the South Pole. Given the measured performance of the instrument along with the excellent observing environment, Robinson will measure the E-mode polarization with high sensitivity, and probe for the B-modes to unprecedented depths. In this paper we discuss aspects of the instrument design and their scientific motivations, scanning and operational strategies, and the results of initial testing and observations.
K. W. Yoon; P. A. R. Ade; D. Barkats; J. O. Battle; E. M. Bierman; J. J. Bock; J. A. Brevik; H. C. Chiang; A. Crites; C. D. Dowell; L. Duband; G. S. Griffin; E. F. Hivon; W. L. Holzapfel; V. V. Hristov; B. G. Keating; J. M. Kovac; C. L. Kuo; A. E. Lange; E. M. Leitch; P. V. Mason; H. T. Nguyen; N. Ponthieu; Y. D. Takahashi; T. Renbarger; L. C. Weintraub; D. Woolsey
Computer Simulation of Scale Formation
This paper summarizes results of recent analyses performed by Battelle-Northwest in EPRI project RP 653-3: Computer Simulation of Scaling in Geothermal Systems. The results reported here are drawn primarily from case evaluations performed over the 12 months since the preceding EPRI Geothermal Symposium held in Monterey in June 1979. The present project is a continuation of a previous project designated RP 653-1. The ultimate objective of research performed in this project is to develop analytical tools (computer codes) and the supporting thermophysical and chemical data base that can be used to predict scaling and corrosion in geothermal power generating systems.
Lessor, D.L.; Kreid, D.K.
Production and Handling Slide 28: Winslow Scale
Winslow Scale Skip Presentation Navigation First Slide Previous Slide Next Slide Last Presentation Table of Contents Winslow Scale Refer to caption below for image description...
Utility Scale Solar Inc | Open Energy Information
Utility Scale Solar Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Utility Scale Solar Inc Place Palo Alto, California Zip 94301 Product California-based PV tracker maker. References Utility...
Time and Frequency Portal
NIST Home > Time and Frequency Portal. Time and Frequency Portal. Programs and Projects. CODATA values of the fundamental constants ...
Time Series and Forecasting
Time Series and Forecasting. Leigh, Stefan and Perlman, S. (1991). "An Index for Comovement of Time Sequences With ...
PPPL physicists win supercomputing time to simulate key energy...
to control the turbulent plasma edge will be vital for future fusion facilities such as ITER, an international tokamak of unprecedented size and power that is under construction in...
Making link-state routing scale for ad hoc networks
In this paper, we introduce a class of approaches that attempt to scale link-state routing by limiting the scope of link state update dissemination in space and over time. We present the first fundamental analysis of this generic class, which we call ...
C�sar A. Santiv��ez; Ram Ramanathan; Ioannis Stavrakakis
Thermodynamics and Finite size scaling in Scalar Field Theory
In this work we consider the 1-component real scalar $\\phi^4$ theory in 4 space-time dimensions on the lattice and investigate the finite size scaling of thermodynamic quantities to study whether the thermodynamic limit is attained. The results are obtained for the symmetric phase of the theory.
Debasish Banerjee; Saumen Datta; Sourendu Gupta
The Scaling and Structure of the Estuarine Bottom Boundary Layer
A two-week dataset from a partially and periodically stratified estuary quantifies variability in the turbulence across the tidal and spring�neap time scales. These observations have been fit with a two-parameter model of the Reynolds stress ...
Mark T. Stacey; David K. Ralston
Decomposition Methods for Large Scale LP Decoding - Optimization ...
decoding when implemented with standard LP solvers does not easily scale to the ... not automatically exploit the rich structure inherent to the linear program. ...... To show that (4.10) is satisfied is straightforward for the cases q ? r and q ? r+2. ...... behavior, in particular word-error-rate and execution-time statistics, as a
The Effects of Human Resource Development on Operational and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies: A Large-Scale, Longitudinal Analysis
of Manufacturing Companies: A Large-Scale, Longitudinalfrom 207 manufacturing companies at three time points over aestimated that American companies spend approximately $134
Young Sung, Sun; Choi, Jin Nam
Space, time and nesting Integrated Assessment Models
Integrated Assessment Modelling in the field of air pollution has advanced greatly since the 1985 Helsinki Protocol on the reduction of Sulphur emissions and their transboundary fluxes. With subsequent protocols and increased understanding of the inter-relationships ... Keywords: CLRTAP, Integrated Assessment Modelling, Scale, Science-policy interaction, Space, Time
T. Oxley; H. M. ApSimon
Efficient scaling for complex division
We develop a simple method for scaling to avoid overflow and harmful underflow in complex division. The method guarantees that no overflow will occur unless at least one component of the quotient must overflow, otherwise the normwise error in the computed ... Keywords: Complex division, overflow, underflow
Douglas M. Priest
SCALE DRAM subsystem power analysis
To address the needs of the next generation of low-power systems, DDR2 SDRAM offers a number of low-power modes with various performance and power consumption tradeoffs. The SCALE DRAM Subsystem is an energy-aware DRAM ...
Bhalodia, Vimal
Global Warming in Geologic Time
The notion is pervasive in the climate science community and in the public at large that the climate impacts of fossil fuel CO2 release will only persist for a few centuries. This conclusion has no basis in theory or models of the atmosphere/ ocean carbon cycle, which we review here. The largest fraction of the CO2 recovery will take place on time scales of centuries, as CO2 invades the ocean, but a significant fraction of the fossil fuel CO2, ranging in published models in the literature from 20-60%, remains airborne for a thousand years or longer. Ultimate recovery takes place on time scales of hundreds of thousands of years, a geologic longevity typically associated in public perceptions with nuclear waste. The glacial/interglacial climate cycles demonstrate that ice sheets and sea level respond dramatically to millennial-timescale changes in climate forcing. There are also potential positive feedbacks in the carbon cycle, including methane hydrates in the ocean, and peat frozen in permafrost, that are most sensitive to the long tail of the fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere.
Archer, David (University of Chicago)
Hanford Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Program
Hanford Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Program EM Waste Processing Technical Exchange November 17, 2010 Mike Thien
Scale selection for supervised image segmentation
Finding the right scales for feature extraction is crucial for supervised image segmentation based on pixel classification. There are many scale selection methods in the literature; among them the one proposed by Lindeberg is widely used for image structures ... Keywords: Image segmentation, Max rule, Scale selection, Scale space theory, Supervised learning
Yan Li; David M. J. Tax; Marco Loog
Ultra-Scale Computing for Emergency Evacuation
Emergency evacuations are carried out in anticipation of a disaster such as hurricane landfall or flooding, and in response to a disaster that strikes without a warning. Existing emergency evacuation modeling and simulation tools are primarily designed for evacuation planning and are of limited value in operational support for real time evacuation management. In order to align with desktop computing, these models reduce the data and computational complexities through simple approximations and representations of real network conditions and traffic behaviors, which rarely represent real-world scenarios. With the emergence of high resolution physiographic, demographic, and socioeconomic data and supercomputing platforms, it is possible to develop micro-simulation based emergency evacuation models that can foster development of novel algorithms for human behavior and traffic assignments, and can simulate evacuation of millions of people over a large geographic area. However, such advances in evacuation modeling and simulations demand computational capacity beyond the desktop scales and can be supported by high performance computing platforms. This paper explores the motivation and feasibility of ultra-scale computing for increasing the speed of high resolution emergency evacuation simulations.
Bhaduri, Budhendra L [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL; Liu, Cheng [ORNL; Zacharia, Thomas [ORNL
An Approach to Adjusting Climatological Time Series for Discontinuous Inhomogeneities
A method is described whereby climatological time series of temperature and precipitation can be adjusted for station inhomogeneities using station history information. The adjusted data retains its original scale and is not an anomaly series. ...
Thomas R. Karl; Claude N. Williams Jr.
Perspective on TeV-scale physics
These lectures review theoretical motivations and experimental prospects for the study of TeV-scale physics. Three clues to the importance of TeV physics are discussed: implications of quantum corrections for the masses of a fourth generation quark-lepton family, the gauge hierarchy problem and known solutions, and implications of symmetry and unitarity for the symmetry-breaking sector of the electroweak gauge theory. The experimental prospects are reviewed with emphasis on the multi-TeV pp colliders that may be built in the 1990's. The topics include new phenomena that might occur - e.g., a fourth generation, heavy gauge bosons, composite structure, and supersymmetry - as well as the signals of the unknown SU(2)/sub L/ /times/ U(1)/sub Y/ breaking mechanism that must occur within the TeV domain. 96 refs., 21 figs.
Chanowitz, M.S.
Vortex Dynamics in NanoScale Materials
Into the Vortex: Dynamics in Nanoscale Materials Into the Vortex: Dynamics in Nanoscale Materials Micron and nanosized magnets are of great interest for their potential applications in new electronic devices, such as magnetic random access memories. As the size of magnets is reduced to a 1-micron scale and below, the boundaries (surfaces, perimeters, etc) of the objects begin to profoundly influence both the static and dynamic behavior of the materials. Researchers from Argonne's Materials Science Division (MSD), Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), and Advanced Photon Source (APS) have recently examined the dynamics of 3- to 7-micron-diameter NiFe alloy disks with a combination of theoretical calculations and a new time-resolved magnetic imaging technique using synchrotron-based x-ray photoemission electron
Cloud Auto-Scaling with Deadline and Budget Constraints
Abstract�Clouds have become an attractive computing platform which offers on-demand computing power and storage capacity. Its dynamic scalability enables users to quickly scale up and scale down underlying infrastructure in response to business volume, performance desire and other dynamic behaviors. However, challenges arise when considering computing instance non-deterministic acquisition time, multiple VM instance types, unique cloud billing models and user budget constraints. Planning enough computing resources for user desired performance with less cost, which can also automatically adapt to workload changes, is not a trivial problem. In this paper, we present a cloud auto-scaling mechanism to automatically scale computing instances based on workload information and performance desire. Our mechanism schedules VM instance startup and shut-down activities. It enables cloud applications to finish submitted jobs within the deadline by controlling underlying instance numbers and reduces user cost by choosing appropriate instance types. We have implemented our mechanism in Windows Azure platform, and evaluated it using both simulations and a real scientific cloud application. Results show that our cloud auto-scaling mechanism can meet user specified performance goal with less cost. Keywords-cloud computing; auto-scaling; dynamic scalability; integer programming I.
Ming Mao; Jie Li; Marty Humphrey
Engineering Systems Matrix: An organizing framework for modeling large-scale complex systems
The scope and complexity of engineered systems are ever-increasing as burgeoning global markets, unprecedented technological capabilities, rising consumer expectations, and ever-changing social requirements present difficult ...
Bartolomei, Jason E.
Transient nanobubbles in short-time electrolysis
Water electrolysis in a microsystem is observed and analyzed on a short-time scale ~10 us. Very unusual properties of the process are stressed. An extremely high current density is observed because the process is not limited by the diffusion of electroactive species. The high current is accompanied by a high relative supersaturation S>1000 that results in homogeneous nucleation of bubbles. On the short-time scale only nanobubbles can be formed. These nanobubbles densely cover the electrodes and aggregate at a later time to microbubbles. The effect is significantly intensified with a small increase of temperature. Application of alternating polarity voltage pulses produces bubbles containing a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Spontaneous reaction between gases is observed for stoichiometric bubbles with the size smallaer than 150 nm. Such bubbles disintegrate violently affecting the surface of electrodes.
Vitaly B. Svetovoy; Remco G. P. Sanders; Miko C. Elwenspoek
Polar Kerr Effect as Probe for Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Unconventional Superconductors
The search for broken time reversal symmetry (TRSB) in unconventional superconductors intensified in the past year as more systems have been predicted to possess such a state. Following our pioneering study of TRSB states in Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4} using magneto-optic probes, we embarked on a systematic study of several other of these candidate systems. The primary instrument for our studies is the Sagnac magneto-optic interferometer, which we recently developed. This instrument can measure magneto-optic Faraday or Kerr effects with an unprecedented sensitivity of 10 nanoradians at temperatures as low as 100 mK. In this paper we review our recent studies of TRSB in several systems, emphasizing the study of the pseudogap state of high temperature superconductors and the inverse proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet proximity structures.
Kapitulnik, A.
Time dependence of liquid-helium fluorescence
The time dependence of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluorescence following an ionizing radiation event in liquid helium is observed and studied in the temperature range from 250 mK to 1.8 K. The fluorescence exhibits significant structure including a short ({approx}10 ns) strong initial pulse followed by single photons whose emission rate decays exponentially with a 1.6-{mu}s time constant. At an even longer time scale, the emission rate varies as '1/time' (inversely proportional to the time after the initial pulse). The intensity of the '1/time' component from {beta} particles is significantly weaker than those from {alpha} particles or neutron capture on {sup 3}He. It is also found that for {alpha} particles, the intensity of this component depends on the temperature of the superfluid helium. Proposed models describing the observed fluorescence are discussed.
McKinsey, D.N.; Brome, C.R.; Dzhosyuk, S.N.; Mattoni, C.E.H.; Yang, L.; Doyle, J.M. [Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States); Golub, R.; Habicht, K.; Korobkina, E. [Hahn-Meitner Institut, Berlin-Wannsee (Germany); Huffman, P.R.; Thompson, A.K. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Lamoreaux, S.K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 (United States)
Method and appartus for converting static in-ground vehicle scales into weigh-in-motion systems
An apparatus and method for converting in-ground static weighing scales for vehicles to weigh-in-motion systems. The apparatus upon conversion includes the existing in-ground static scale, peripheral switches and an electronic module for automatic computation of the weight. By monitoring the velocity, tire position, axle spacing, and real time output from existing static scales as a vehicle drives over the scales, the system determines when an axle of a vehicle is on the scale at a given time, monitors the combined weight output from any given axle combination on the scale(s) at any given time, and from these measurements automatically computes the weight of each individual axle and gross vehicle weight by an integration, integration approximation, and/or signal averaging technique.
Muhs, Jeffrey D. (Lenior City, TN); Scudiere, Matthew B. (Oak Ridge, TN); Jordan, John K. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Getting the Point: Real-Time Monitoring of Atomic-Microscope ...
... done with atomic force microscopy (AFM). ... small scales, so researchers use atomic force microscopes. ... of the tip with an electron microscope, a time ...
Scattering and; Delay, Scale, and Sum Migration
How do we see? What is the mechanism? Consider standing in an open field on a clear sunny day. In the field are a yellow dog and a blue ball. From a wave-based remote sensing point of view the sun is a source of radiation. It is a broadband electromagnetic source which, for the purposes of this introduction, only the visible spectrum is considered (approximately 390 to 750 nanometers or 400 to 769 TeraHertz). The source emits an incident field into the known background environment which, for this example, is free space. The incident field propagates until it strikes an object or target, either the yellow dog or the blue ball. The interaction of the incident field with an object results in a scattered field. The scattered field arises from a mis-match between the background refractive index, considered to be unity, and the scattering object refractive index ('yellow' for the case of the dog, and 'blue' for the ball). This is also known as an impedance mis-match. The scattering objects are referred to as secondary sources of radiation, that radiation being the scattered field which propagates until it is measured by the two receivers known as 'eyes'. The eyes focus the measured scattered field to form images which are processed by the 'wetware' of the brain for detection, identification, and localization. When time series representations of the measured scattered field are available, the image forming focusing process can be mathematically modeled by delayed, scaled, and summed migration. This concept of optical propagation, scattering, and focusing have one-to-one equivalents in the acoustic realm. This document is intended to present the basic concepts of scalar scattering and migration used in wide band wave-based remote sensing and imaging. The terms beamforming and (delayed, scaled, and summed) migration are used interchangeably but are to be distinguished from the narrow band (frequency domain) beamforming to determine the direction of arrival of a signal, and seismic migration in which wide band time series are shifted but not to form images per se. Section 3 presents a mostly graphically-based motivation and summary of delay, scale, and sum beamforming. The model for incident field propagation in free space is derived in Section 4 under specific assumptions. General object scattering is derived in Section 5 and simplified under the Born approximation in Section 6. The model of this section serves as the basis in the derivation of time-domain migration. The Foldy-Lax, full point scatterer scattering, method is derived in Section 7. With the previous forward models in hand, delay, scale, and sum beamforming is derived in Section 8. Finally, proof-of-principle experiments are present in Section 9.
Lehman, S K
Introduction to a Large-Scale Biogas Plant in a Dairy Farm
This article describes a large-scale biogas plant in a dairy farm located in the Tongzhou District of Beijing. It is has a treatment capacity of 30t manure and 30t wastewater per day, a total of 60t/d with a residence time of 20 days. Input material ... Keywords: Large scale biogas plant, CHP, Biogas storage within digestor
Xiaolin Fan; Zifu Li; Tingting Wang; Fubin Yin; Xin Jin
A Scale Analysis of Deep Moist Convection and Some Related Numerical Calculations
A scale analysis valid for deep moist convection is carried out. The approximate equations of motion are anelastic with the time scale set by the Brunt- V�is�l� frequency. A new assumption is that the base state potential temperature is a slowly ...
Franik B. Lipps; Richard S. Hemler
Remote visualization of large scale data for ultra-high resolution display environments
ParaView is one of the most widely used scientific tools that support parallel visualization of large scale data. The Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment (SAGE) is a graphics middleware that enables real-time streaming of ultra-high resolution visual ... Keywords: ParaView, SAGE, large-scale data, remote visualization, ultra-high resolution visualization
Sungwon Nam; Byungil Jeong; Luc Renambot; Andrew Johnson; Kelly Gaither; Jason Leigh
Novel attributes in scaling issues of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
For the first time, we present a scaling study of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) using a two-dimensional model. We investigate the scaling issues in device performance focusing on transconductance characteristics, output characteristics, ... Keywords: CNTFET, Capacitance model, Carbon nanotube diameter, Gate oxide thickness
Zahra Arefinia; Ali A. Orouji
Preliminary Scaling Estimate for Select Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Tests
The Hanford Site double-shell tank (DST) system provides the staging location for waste that will be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Specific WTP acceptance criteria for waste feed delivery describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste that must be met before the waste is transferred from the DSTs to the WTP. One of the more challenging requirements relates to the sampling and characterization of the undissolved solids (UDS) in a waste feed DST because the waste contains solid particles that settle and their concentration and relative proportion can change during the transfer of the waste in individual batches. A key uncertainty in the waste feed delivery system is the potential variation in UDS transferred in individual batches in comparison to an initial sample used for evaluating the acceptance criteria. To address this uncertainty, a number of small-scale mixing tests have been conducted as part of Washington River Protection Solutions� Small Scale Mixing Demonstration (SSMD) project to determine the performance of the DST mixing and sampling systems.
Wells, Beric E.; Fort, James A.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Rector, David R.; Schonewill, Philip P.
Compiling for time predictability
Within the T-CREST project we work on hardware/software architectures and code-generation strategies for time-predictable embedded and cyber-physical systems. In this paper we present the single-path code generation approach that we plan to explore and ... Keywords: compilers, real-time systems, time predictability, worst-case execution-time analysis
Peter Puschner; Raimund Kirner; Benedikt Huber; Daniel Prokesch
Certifying execution time
In this paper we present the framework Abstraction-Carrying CodE Platform for Timing validation (ACCEPT), designed for timing analysis of embedded real-time systems using the worst-case execution time (WCET) as the safety parameter. In the context ...
V�tor Rodrigues; Jo�o Pedro Pedroso; M�rio Florido; Sim�o Melo de Sousa
Biological conversion of synthesis gas. Limiting conditions/scale-up
The purpose of this research is to develop a technically and economically feasible process for biologically producing H(sub 2) from synthesis gas while, at the same time, removing harmful sulfur gas compounds. Six major tasks are being studied: 1. Culture development, where the best cultures are selected and conditions optimized for simultaneous hydrogen production and sulfur gas removal; 2. Mass transfer and kinetic studies in which equations necessary for process design are developed; 3. Bioreactor design studies, where the cultures chosen in Task 1 are utilized in continuous reaction vessels to demonstrate process feasibility and define operating conditions; 4. Evaluation of biological synthetic gas conversion under limiting conditions in preparation for industrial demonstration studies; 5. Process scale-up where laboratory data are scaled to larger-size units in preparation for process demonstration in a pilot-scale unit; and 6. Economic evaluation, where process simulations are used to project process economics and identify high cost areas during sensitivity analyses.
Basu, R.; Klasson, K.T.; Takriff, M.; Clausen, E.C.; Gaddy, J.L.
ARM - Publications: Science Team Meeting Documents: Linking subgrid-scale
Linking subgrid-scale variability in temperature and humidty to convection Linking subgrid-scale variability in temperature and humidty to convection Pincus, Robert NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center Neale, Richard NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center Batstone, Crispian NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center Klein, Stephen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Convection parameterizations in large-scale models (e.g. Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert) compute the domain-averaged mass flux as the sum across a spectrum of plumes ascending and entraining in a constant environment. It is known, however, that the temperature and humidity (and so the buoyancy of rising plumes) can vary tremendously within domains as large as those encompassed in climate or weather model grid cells. This variability can feed back on itself over time, so that plumes rising in regions where
Scales of Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Inferred form Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean Buoy Array
The highly temporally resolved time series from the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean moored buoy array are used to evaluate the scales of thermal variability in the upper equatorial Pacific. The TAO array consists of nearly 70 deep-ocean moorings ...
William S. Kessler; M. C. Spillane; Michael J. McPhaden; D. E. Harrison
Some Correlations between the Large-Scale Meridional Eddy Momentum Transport and Zonal Mean Quantities
An empirical study has been made which compares the large-scale meridional eddy momentum transport with some selected zonal mean quantities by calculating correlations between them as a function of time lag and latitude. The basic dataset was the ...
Anne Leach
Centennial-scale elemental and isotopic variability in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean
The marine geochemistry of the North Atlantic Ocean varies on decadal to centennial time scales, a consequence of natural and anthropogenic forcing. Surface corals provide a useful geochemical archive to quantify past mixed ...
Reuer, Matthew K. (Matthew Kindt), 1972-
In-situ sampling of a large-scale particle simulation for interactive visualization and analysis
We describe a simulation-time random sampling of a large-scale particle simulation, the RoadRunner Universe MC3 cosmological simulation, for interactive post-analysis and visualization. Simulation data generation rates will continue to be ...
J. Woodring; J. Ahrens; J. Figg; J. Wendelberger; S. Habib; K. Heitmann
Some Eulerian-Scale Analysis Results: Eddy Terms in the Mean Heat, Momentum and Vorticity Equations
The question of the importance of mesoscale motions in the long time averaged ocean circulation is examined from the viewpoint offered by Eulerian scale estimates of the magnitudes of the explicit eddy and largest inviscid mean flow terms in the ...
D. E. Harrison
Dependence of Turbulent and Mesoscale Velocity Variances on Scale and Stability
The scale dependence of velocity variances is studied using data collected from a grassland site, a heather site, and four forested sites. The dependence of velocity variances on averaging time, used to define the fluctuation quantities, is ...
L. Mahrt; Erin Moore; Dean Vickers; N. O. Jensen
Reconstructing Millennial-Scale, Regional Paleoclimates of Boreal Canada during the Holocene
Regional paleoclimate reconstructions for northern Canada quantify Holocene climate variability on orbital and millennial time scales and provide a context to better understand the current global warming. The reconstructions are based on ...
A. E. Viau; K. Gajewski
Centrality scaling in large networks
Betweenness centrality lies at the core of both transport and structural vulnerability properties of complex networks, however, it is computationally costly, and its measurement for networks with millions of nodes is near impossible. By introducing a multiscale decomposition of shortest paths, we show that the contributions to betweenness coming from geodesics not longer than L obey a characteristic scaling vs L, which can be used to predict the distribution of the full centralities. The method is also illustrated on a real-world social network of 5.5*10^6 nodes and 2.7*10^7 links.
Ercsey-Ravasz, Maria
Positive and Negative Phases of the Wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and Drought Occurrence over Europe: A Multitemporal-Scale Approach
In this study, droughts are analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) at different time scales for all of Europe over the period 1901�2000. The SPI is calculated at different time scales (1�12 months), as are the average values ...
J. Ignacio L�pez-Moreno; Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano
Numerical simulation results are presented for the prediction of the likelihood of oxide scale exfoliation from superheater tubes. The scenarios considered involved alloys T22, TP347H, and TP347HFG subjected to a simplified operating cycle in a power plant generating supercritical steam. The states of stress and strain of the oxides grown in steam were based solely on modeling the various phenomena experienced by superheater tubes during boiler operation, current understanding of the oxidation behavior of each alloy in steam, and consideration of operating parameters such as heat flux, tube dimensions, and boiler duty cycle. Interpretation of the evolution of strain in these scales, and the approach to conditions where scale failure (hence exfoliation) is expected, makes use of the type of Exfoliation Diagrams that incorporate various cracking and exfoliation criteria appropriate for the system considered. In these diagrams, the strain accumulation with time in an oxide is represented by a strain trajectory derived from the net strain resulting from oxide growth, differences in coefficients of thermal expansion among the components, and relaxation due to creep. It was found that an oxide growing on a tube subjected to routine boiler load cycling conditions attained relatively low values of net strain, indicating that oxide failure would not be expected to occur during normal boiler operation. However, during a boiler shut-down event, strains sufficient to exceed the scale failure criteria were developed after times reasonably in accord with plant experience, with the scales on the ferritic steel failing in tension, and those on the austenitic steels in compression. The results presented illustrate that using this approach to track the state of strain in the oxide scale through all phases of boiler operation, including transitions from full-to-low load and shut-down events, offers the possibility of identifying the phase(s) of boiler operation during which oxide failure is most likely to occur.
Sabau, Adrian S [ORNL; Wright, Ian G [ORNL
Evaluation of a Genome-Scale In Silico Metabolic Model for Geobacter metallireducens Using Proteomic Data from a Field Biostimulation Experiment
Biomass and shotgun global proteomics data that reflected relative protein abundances from samples collected during the 2008 experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge site in Rifle, Colorado, provided an unprecedented opportunity to validate a genome-scale metabolic model of Geobacter metallireducens and assess its performance with respect to prediction of metal reduction, biomass yield, and growth rate under dynamic field conditions. Reconstructed from annotated genomic sequence, biochemical, and physiological data, the constraint-based in silico model of G. metallireducens relates an annotated genome sequence to the physiological functions with 697 reactions controlled by 747 enzyme-coding genes. Proteomic analysis showed that 180 of the 637 G. metallireducens proteins detected during the 2008 experiment were associated with specific metabolic reactions in the in silico model. When the field-calibrated Fe(III) terminal electron acceptor process reaction in a reactive transport model for the field experiments was replaced with the genome-scale model, the model predicted that the largest metabolic fluxes through the in silico model reactions generally correspond to the highest abundances of proteins that catalyze those reactions. Central metabolism predicted by the model agrees well with protein abundance profiles inferred from proteomic analysis. Model discrepancies with the proteomic data, such as the relatively low fluxes through amino acid transport and metabolism, revealed pathways or flux constraints in the in silico model that could be updated to more accurately predict metabolic processes that occur in the subsurface environment.
Fang, Yilin; Wilkins, Michael J.; Yabusaki, Steven B.; Lipton, Mary S.; Long, Philip E.
Century-scale Records of Coral Growth and Water Quality from the Mesoamerican Reef Reveal Increasing Anthropogenic Stress and Decreasing Coral Resilience
like fishing and land-based pollution increase over time,Marine Pollution Bulletin ) Century-scale records of land-Marine Pollution Bulletin) Century-scale records of land-
Carilli, Jessica E
Energy-conserving feedback EDF scheduling for embedded systems with real-time constraints
Embedded systems have limited energy resources. Hence, they should conserve these resources to extend their period of operation. Recently, dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) have been added to a various embedded processors ... Keywords: dynamic voltage scaling, real-time systems, scheduling
Ajay Dudani; Frank Mueller; Yifan Zhu
Stochastic Forcing of Planetary Scale Flow
Using geopotential height observations we analyze the fluctuations of the barotropic vorticity transfer from synoptic scale flow (zonal wavenumber m > 5) to planetary scales (m ? 5). We hypothesize that this transfer can be seen as a stochastic ...
Joseph Egger; H-D. Schilling
We determine the magnetic helicity, along with the magnetic energy, at high latitudes using data from the Ulysses mission. The data set spans the time period from 1993 to 1996. The basic assumption of the analysis is that the solar wind is homogeneous. Because the solar wind speed is high, we follow the approach first pioneered by Matthaeus et al. by which, under the assumption of spatial homogeneity, one can use Fourier transforms of the magnetic field time series to construct one-dimensional spectra of the magnetic energy and magnetic helicity under the assumption that the Taylor frozen-in-flow hypothesis is valid. That is a well-satisfied assumption for the data used in this study. The magnetic helicity derives from the skew-symmetric terms of the three-dimensional magnetic correlation tensor, while the symmetric terms of the tensor are used to determine the magnetic energy spectrum. Our results show a sign change of magnetic helicity at wavenumber k {approx} 2 AU{sup -1} (or frequency {nu} {approx} 2 {mu}Hz) at distances below 2.8 AU and at k {approx} 30 AU{sup -1} (or {nu} {approx} 25 {mu}Hz) at larger distances. At small scales the magnetic helicity is positive at northern heliographic latitudes and negative at southern latitudes. The positive magnetic helicity at small scales is argued to be the result of turbulent diffusion reversing the sign relative to what is seen at small scales at the solar surface. Furthermore, the magnetic helicity declines toward solar minimum in 1996. The magnetic helicity flux integrated separately over one hemisphere amounts to about 10{sup 45} Mx{sup 2} cycle{sup -1} at large scales and to a three times lower value at smaller scales.
Brandenburg, Axel [NORDITA, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-10691 Stockholm (Sweden); Subramanian, Kandaswamy [Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007 (India); Balogh, Andre [International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, Bern CH-3012 (Switzerland); Goldstein, Melvyn L., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Code 673, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Time-Resolved Time-Resolved Time-Resolved Print Of the four fundamental parameters that we use to perceive the physical world (energy, momentum, position, and time) three correspond to the three broad categories of synchrotron experimental measurement techniques: spectroscopy (energy), scattering (momentum), and imaging (position). The fourth parameter-time-can in principle be applied to all the techniques. At the ALS, many experiments can be carried out in real time, with data being recorded from the same sample as it changes over time. Some time-resolved experiments take advantage of the pulsed nature of the ALS's synchrotron radiation, which, like a strobe light, can capture a series of "snapshots" of a process that, when viewed sequentially, show us how a given process evolves over time. Other experiments simply require two pulses: one to "pump" energy into the sample system and a second to probe the system's excited state.
Building Scale vs. Community Scale Net-Zero Energy Performance
Many government and industry organizations are focusing building energy-efficiency goals around producing individual net-zero buildings (nZEBs), using photovoltaic (PV) technology to provide on-site renewable energy after substantially improving the energy efficiency of the buildings themselves. Seeking net-zero energy (NZE) at the community scale instead introduces the possibility of using a wider range of renewable energy technologies, such as solar-thermal electricity generation, solar-assisted heating/cooling systems, and wind energy, economically. This paper reports results of a study comparing NZE communities to communities consisting of individual nZEBs. Five scenarios are examined: 1) base case � a community of nZEBs with roof mounted PV systems; 2) NZE communities served by wind turbines on leased land; 3) NZE communities served by wind turbines on owned land; 4) communities served by solar-thermal electric generation; and 5) communities served by photovoltaic farms. All buildings are assumed to be highly efficient, e.g., 70% more efficient than current practice. The scenarios are analyzed for two climate locations (Chicago and Phoenix), and the levelized costs of electricity for the scenarios are compared. The results show that even for the climate in the U.S. most favorable to PV (Phoenix), more cost-effective approaches are available to achieving NZE than the conventional building-level approach (rooftop PV with aggressive building efficiency improvements). The paper shows that by expanding the measurement boundary for NZE, a community can take advantage of economies of scale, achieving improved economics while reaching the same overall energy-performance objective.
Katipamula, Srinivas; Fernandez, Nicholas; Brambley, Michael R.; Reddy, T. A.
Modeling Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal at the Subfield Scale
This study developed a computational strategy that utilizes data inputs from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability within individual fields can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in limiting soil erosion and maintaining soil C, health, and productivity. Increased availability of subfield-scale data sets such as grain yield data, high-fidelity digital elevation models, and soil characteristic data provides an opportunity to investigate the impacts of subfield-scale variability on sustainable agricultural residue removal. Using three representative fields in Iowa, this study contrasted the results of current NRCS conservation management planning analysis with subfield-scale analysis for rake-and-bale removal of agricultural residue. The results of the comparison show that the field-average assumptions used in NRCS conservation management planning may lead to unsustainable residue removal decisions for significant portions of some fields. This highlights the need for additional research on subfield-scale sustainable agricultural residue removal including the development of real-time variable removal technologies for agricultural residue.
Muth, D.J.; McCorkle, D.S.; Koch, J.B.; Bryden, K.M.
Retrieving scale from quasi-stationary images
We have developed a novel method to derive scale information from quasi-stationary images, which relies on a rotation-guided multi-scale analysis of features derived from Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM). Unlike other methods for multi-scale ... Keywords: CNS, GLCM, Gray-Level Co-occurrence matrices, MPGS, Multi-scale, Quasi-stationary images, Rotation-guided, Texture characterization
Piotr W. Mirowski; Daniel M. Tetzlaff
Atomic Scale Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Polyethylene ...
Atomic Scale Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Polyethylene under Tensile Loading � Atomistic Predictions of Age Hardening in Al-Cu Alloys.
Bench-Scale Fermentation Laboratory (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet provides information about Bench-Scale Fermentation Laboratory capabilities and applications at NREL's National Bioenergy Center.
Not Available
Energy Basics: Large-Scale Hydropower
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Large-Scale Hydropower Microhydropower Hydropower Resources...
We use autocorrelation to investigate evolution in flow fields inferred by applying Fourier local correlation tracking (FLCT) to a sequence of high-resolution (0.''3), high-cadence ({approx_equal} 2 minute) line-of-sight magnetograms of NOAA active region (AR) 10930 recorded by the narrowband filter imager of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite over 2006 December 12 and 13. To baseline the timescales of flow evolution, we also autocorrelated the magnetograms, at several spatial binnings, to characterize the lifetimes of active region magnetic structures versus spatial scale. Autocorrelation of flow maps can be used to optimize tracking parameters, to understand tracking algorithms' susceptibility to noise, and to estimate flow lifetimes. Tracking parameters varied include: time interval {Delta}t between magnetogram pairs tracked, spatial binning applied to the magnetograms, and windowing parameter {sigma} used in FLCT. Flow structures vary over a range of spatial and temporal scales (including unresolved scales), so tracked flows represent a local average of the flow over a particular range of space and time. We define flow lifetime to be the flow decorrelation time, {tau}. For {Delta}t > {tau}, tracking results represent the average velocity over one or more flow lifetimes. We analyze lifetimes of flow components, divergences, and curls as functions of magnetic field strength and spatial scale. We find a significant trend of increasing lifetimes of flow components, divergences, and curls with field strength, consistent with Lorentz forces partially governing flows in the active photosphere, as well as strong trends of increasing flow lifetime and decreasing magnitudes with increases in both spatial scale and {Delta}t.
Welsch, B. T. [Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450 (United States); Kusano, K.; Yamamoto, T. T. [Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Muglach, K. [Code 674, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Research-scale melter test report
The Melter Performance Assessment (MPA) activity in the Pacific Northwest Laboratory`s (PNL) Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) Technology Development (PHTD) effort is intended to determine the impact of noble metals on the operational life of the reference HWVP melter. As a part of this activity, a parametric melter test was completed using a Research-Scale Melter (RSM). The RSM is a small, approximately 1/100-scale melter, 6-in.-diameter, that allows rapid changing of process conditions and subsequent re-establishment of a steady-state condition. The test matrix contained nine different segments that varied the melter operating parameters (glass and plenum temperatures) and feed properties (oxide concentration, redox potential, and noble metal concentrations) so that the effects of these parameters on noble metal agglomeration on the melter floor could be evaluated. The RSM operated for 48 days and consumed 1,300 L of feed, equating to 153 tank turnovers. The run produced 531 kg of glass. During the latter portion of the run, the resistance between the electrodes decreased. Upon destructive examination of the melter, a layer of noble metals was found on the bottom. This was surprising because the glass residence time in the RSM is only 10% of the HWVP plant melter. The noble metals layer impacted the melter significantly. Approximately 1/3 of one paddle electrode was melted or corroded off. The cause is assumed to be localized heating from short circuiting of the electrode to the noble metal layer. The metal layer also removed approximately 1/2 in. of the refractory on the bottom of the melter. The mechanism for this damage is not presently known.
Cooper, M.F.; Elliott, M.L.; Eyler, L.L.; Freeman, C.J.; Higginson, J.J.; Mahoney, L.A.; Powell, M.R.
Nuclear Reactions & Scaling Arguments 11 October 2011
Nuclear Reactions & Scaling Arguments 11 October 2011 Goals · Review nuclear reaction rates · Practice using scaling arguments Nuclear Reactions 1. Consider the simple reaction A k1 ---- B k2 ---- C = 3. #12;nuclear reactions & scaling arguments 2 3. Frequently, we approximate nuclear reaction rates
Militzer, Burkhard
Nuclear Reactions & Scaling Arguments 11 October 2011 Goals · Review nuclear reaction rates · Practice using scaling arguments Nuclear Reactions 1. Consider the simple reaction A k1 ---- B k2 ---- C rate for something like p + p D scales like n2 p. Think in microscopic terms. #12;nuclear reactions
Virtual screening on large scale grids
Large scale grids for in silico drug discovery open opportunities of particular interest to neglected and emerging diseases. In 2005 and 2006, we have been able to deploy large scale virtual docking within the framework of the WISDOM initiative against ... Keywords: Avian influenza, Large scale grids, Malaria, Virtual screening
Nicolas Jacq; Vincent Breton; Hsin-Yen Chen; Li-Yung Ho; Martin Hofmann; Vinod Kasam; Hurng-Chun Lee; Yannick Legr�; Simon C. Lin; Astrid Maa�; Emmanuel Medernach; Ivan Merelli; Luciano Milanesi; Giulio Rastelli; Matthieu Reichstadt; Jean Salzemann; Horst Schwichtenberg; Ying-Ta Wu; Marc Zimmermann
Engineering-Scale Liquid Cadmium Cathode Experiments
Recovery of transuranic actinides (TRU) using electrorefining is a process being investigated as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI). TRU recovery via electrorefining onto a solid cathode is very difficult as the thermodynamic properties of transuranics are not favourable for them to remain in the metal phase while significant quantities of uranium trichloride exist in the electrolyte. Theoretically, the concentration of transuranics in the electrolyte must be approximately 106 greater than the uranium concentration in the electrolyte to produce a transuranic deposit on a solid cathode. Using liquid cadmium as a cathode contained within a LiCl-KCl eutectic salt, the co-deposition of uranium and transuranics is feasible because the activity of the transuranics in liquid cadmium is very small. Depositing transuranics and uranium in a liquid cadmium cathode (LCC) theoretically requires the concentration of transuranics to be two to three times the uranium concentration in the electrolyte. Three LCC experiments were performed in an Engineering scale elecdtrorefiner, which is located in the argon hot cell of the Fuel Conditioning Facility at the Materials and Fuels Complex on the Idaho National Laboratory. Figure 1 contains photographs of the LCC assembly in the hot cell prior to the experiment and a cadmium ingot produced after the first LCC test. Figure 1. Liquid Cadmium Cathode (left) and Cadmium Ingot (right) The primary goal of the engineering-scale liquid cadmium cathode experiments was to electrochemically collect kilogram quantities of uranium and plutonium via a LCC. The secondary goal was to examine fission product contaminations in the materials collected by the LCC. Each LCC experiment used chopped spent nuclear fuel from the blanket region of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II loaded into steel baskets as the anode with the LCC containing 26 kg of cadmium metal. In each experiment, between one and two kilograms of heavy metal was collected in the LCC after passing an integrated current over 500 amp hours. Analysis of samples from the liquid cadmium cathode ingots showed detectable amounts of transuranics and rare-earth elements. Acknowledgements K. B. Davies and D. M. Pace for the mechanical and electrical engineering needed to prepare the equipment for the engineering-scale liquid cadmium cathode experiments.
D Vaden; B. R. Westphal; S. X. Li; T. A. Johnson; K. B. Davies; D. M. Pace
Variability of Load and Net Load in Case of Large Scale Distributed Wind Power
Large scale wind power production and its variability is one of the major inputs to wind integration studies. This paper analyses measured data from large scale wind power production. Comparisons of variability are made across several variables: time scale (10-60 minute ramp rates), number of wind farms, and simulated vs. modeled data. Ramp rates for Wind power production, Load (total system load) and Net load (load minus wind power production) demonstrate how wind power increases the net load variability. Wind power will also change the timing of daily ramps.
Holttinen, H.; Kiviluoma, J.; Estanqueiro, A.; Gomez-Lazaro, E.; Rawn, B.; Dobschinski, J.; Meibom, P.; Lannoye, E.; Aigner, T.; Wan, Y. H.; Milligan, M.
Scaling quark gluon plasma by HBT interferometry with lepton pairs
We study the intensity interferometry with lepton pairs for nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. It is argued that the invariant mass dependence of HBT radii extracted from the correlation functions of dilepton pairs can be used as an efficient tool to scale the size and life time of the quark gluon plasma expected to be formed in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC. Quantitatively different magnitudes of HBT radii are obtained at RHIC and LHC indicating stronger radial flow at LHC.
Payal Mohanty; Jan-e Alam
National-Scale Wind Resource Assessment for Power Generation (Presentation)
This presentation describes the current standards for conducting a national-scale wind resource assessment for power generation, along with the risk/benefit considerations to be considered when beginning a wind resource assessment. The presentation describes changes in turbine technology and viable wind deployment due to more modern turbine technology and taller towers and shows how the Philippines national wind resource assessment evolved over time to reflect changes that arise from updated technologies and taller towers.
Baring-Gould, E. I.
Safety aspects of large-scale handling of hydrogen
Since the decade of the 1950s, there has been a large increase in the quantity of hydrogen, especially liquid hydrogen, that has been produced, transported, and used. The technology of hydrogen, as it relates to safety, has also developed at the same time. The possible sources of hazards that can arise in the large-scale handling of hydrogen are recognized, and for the most part, sufficiently understood. These hazard sources are briefly discussed. 26 refs., 4 figs.
Edeskuty, F.J.; Stewart, W.F.
Examining the Variability of Wind Power Output in the Regulation Time Frame: Preprint
This work examines the distribution of changes in wind power for different time scales in the regulation time frame as well as the correlation of changes in power output for individual wind turbines in a wind plant.
Hodge, B. M.; Shedd, S.; Florita, A.
Managing time, part 2
Masterful time management means not just tracking of messages in your personal environment, but managing your coordination network with others.
Peter J. Denning; Ritu Raj
... STRATWARM observed and FLARES expected ... observed and PROTON FLARE expected (- - ) STRATWARM ... time of observed solar or geophysical ...
QuickTime VR
QuickTime VR. Christine Piatko and Sandy Ressler. ... Sandy Ressler's Office. Plant Floor of Black & Decker in Fayetteville NC. ...
Scaling exponents of Forced Polymer Translocation through a nano-pore
We investigate several scaling properties of a translocating homopolymer through a thin pore driven by an external field present inside the pore only using Langevin Dynamics (LD) simulation in three dimension (3D). Specifically motivated by several recent theoretical and numerical studies that are apparently at odds with each other, we determine the chain length dependence of the scaling exponents of the average translocation time, the average velocity of the center of mass, $$, the effective radius of gyration during the translocation process, and the scaling exponent of the translocation coordinate ($s$-coordinate) as a function of the translocation time. We further discuss the possibility that in the case of driven translocation the finite pore size and its geometry could be responsible that the veclocity scaling exponent is less than unity and discuss the dependence of the scaling exponents on the pore geometry for the range of $N$ studied here.
Aniket Bhattacharya; William H. Morrison; Kaifu Luo; Tapio Ala-Nissila; See-Chen Ying; Andrey Milchev; Kurt Binder
Aspects of stellarator confinement scaling
Extensive discussion has been made concerning stellarator experimental confinement scaling and the extrapolation to reactor systems. Two features are discussed here: (1) The role of hydrogen-impurity interactions. (2) The neoclassical (bootstrap) current has been invoked as an argument against the possibility of optimizing the stellarator magnetic configuration to reach high ..beta... It is felt that significant bootstrap current production under conditions of high ..beta.. will dominate the vacuum fields. In this regard, a brief summary is presented of a comparison made between ISX-B high-..beta.. data and the neoclassical predictions. The non-neoclassical rates of electron pitch-angle scattering serve to destroy this current, and are evidently responsible for a lack of evidence for the bootstrap current under conditions in tokamaks where a large effect is expected.
Hogan, J.
Particle Bed Reactor scaling relationships
Scaling relationships for Particle Bed Reactors (PBRs) are discussed. The particular applications are short duration systems, i.e., for propulsion or burst power. Particle Bed Reactors can use a wide selection of different moderators and reflectors and be designed for such a wide range of power and bed power densities. Additional design considerations include the effect of varying the number of fuel elements, outlet Mach number in hot gas channel, etc. All of these variables and options result in a wide range of reactor weights and performance. Extremely light weight reactors (approximately 1 kg/MW) are possible with the appropriate choice of moderator/reflector and power density. Such systems are very attractive for propulsion systems where parasitic weight has to be minimized.
Slovik, G.; Araj, K.; Horn, F.L.; Ludewig, H.; Benenati, R.
Timed Property Sequence Chart
Property Sequence Chart (PSC) is a novel scenario-based notation, which has been recently proposed to represent temporal properties of concurrent systems. This language balances expressive power and simplicity of use. However, the current version of ... Keywords: Property Sequence Chart, Real-time specification patterns, Timed Property Sequence Chart, Timing properties
Pengcheng Zhang; Bixin Li; Lars Grunske
Noncommutative Two Time Physics
We present a classical formalism describing two-time physics with Abelian canonical gauge field backgrounds. The formalism can be used as a starting point for the construction of an interacting quantized two-time physics theory in a noncommutative soace-time.
W. Chagas-Filho
Community Scale Development | Department of Energy
Energy Resource Library » Community Scale Development Energy Resource Library » Community Scale Development Community Scale Development Below are resources for Tribes on community scale energy project development. Commercial Lending in Indian Country: Potential Opportunities in an Emerging Market Explores the commercial lending environment in Indian Country, including the interrelationship of governmental, legal, institutional, organizational, and financial infrastructures. The report examines the major challenges and constraints that have impeded larger scale efforts and describes banking and tribal community responses to these barriers considered critical to successful implementation of commercial lending activities. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury. Community Wind Financing Handbook Provides information on financing community wind projects, including
An efficient and secure protocol for sensor network time synchronization
The emerging field of wireless sensor networks offers countless possibilities for achieving large scale monitoring in a distributed environment. These networks of resource constrained nodes require time synchronization for various distributed operations, ... Keywords: cross-layer control, passive participation, sensor networks, tempest, time synchronization
Emerson Farrugia; Robert Simon
Solar cycle variations of large scale flows in the Sun
Using data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we study the large-scale velocity fields in the outer part of the solar convection zone using the ring diagram technique. We use observations from four different times to study possible temporal variations in flow velocity. We find definite changes in both the zonal and meridional components of the flows. The amplitude of the zonal flow appears to increase with solar activity and the flow pattern also shifts towards lower latitude with time.
Sarbani Basu; H. M. Antia
Scaling Laws in the Distribution of Galaxies
Research done during the previous century established our Standard Cosmological Model. There are many details still to be filled in, but few would seriously doubt the basic premise. Past surveys have revealed that the large-scale distribution of galaxies in the Universe is far from random: it is highly structured over a vast range of scales. To describe cosmic structures, we need to build mathematically quantifiable descriptions of structure. Identifying where scaling laws apply and the nature of those scaling laws is an important part of understanding which physical mechanisms have been responsible for the organization of clusters, superclusters of galaxies and the voids between them. Finding where these scaling laws are broken is equally important since this indicates the transition to different underlying physics. In describing scaling laws we are helped by making analogies with fractals: mathematical constructs that can possess a wide variety of scaling properties. We must beware, however, of saying that the Universe is a fractal on some range of scales: it merely exhibits a specific kind of fractal-like behavior on those scales. We exploit the richness of fractal scaling behavior merely as an important supplement to the usual battery of statistical descriptors. We review the history of how we have learned about the structure of the Universe and present the data and methodologies that are relevant to the question of discovering and understanding any scaling properties that structure may have. The ultimate goal is to have a complete understanding of how that structure emerged. We are getting close!
Bernard J. T. Jones; Vicent J. Martinez; Enn Saar; Virginia Trimble
Aging in coherent noise models and natural time
Event correlation between aftershocks in the coherent noise model is studied by making use of natural time, which has recently been introduced in complex time-series analysis. It is found that the aging phenomenon and the associated scaling property discovered in the observed seismic data are well reproduced by the model. It is also found that the scaling function is given by the q-exponential function appearing in nonextensive statistical mechanics, showing power-law decay of event correlation in natural time.
Tirnakli, Ugur; Abe, Sumiyoshi [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Izmir (Turkey); Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan)
Research done during the previous century established our Standard Cosmological Model. There are many details still to be filled in, but few would seriously doubt the basic premise. Past surveys have revealed that the large-scale distribution of galaxies in the Universe is far from random: it is highly structured over a vast range of scales. To describe cosmic structures, we need to build mathematically quantifiable descriptions of structure. Identifying where scaling laws apply and the nature of those scaling laws is an important part of understanding which physical mechanisms have been responsible for the organization of clusters, superclusters of galaxies and the voids between them. Finding where these scaling laws are broken is equally important since this indicates the transition to different underlying physics. In describing scaling laws we are helped by making analogies with fractals: mathematical constructs that can possess a wide variety of scaling properties. We must beware, however, of saying that ...
Jones, B J T; Saar, E; Trimble, V; Jones, Bernard J. T.; Martinez, Vicent J.; Saar, Enn; Trimble, Virginia
Quantum Operation Time Reversal
The dynamics of an open quantum system can be described by a quantum operation, a linear, complete positive map of operators. Here, I exhibit a compact expression for the time reversal of a quantum operation, which is closely analogous to the time reversal of a classical Markov transition matrix. Since open quantum dynamics are stochastic, and not, in general, deterministic, the time reversal is not, in general, an inversion of the dynamics. Rather, the system relaxes towards equilibrium in both the forward and reverse time directions. The probability of a quantum trajectory and the conjugate, time reversed trajectory are related by the heat exchanged with the environment.
Crooks, Gavin E
Gavin E. Crooks
Comparison of residence time models for cascading rotary dryers
The predictions of the models of Matchett and Baker (1988), Saeman and Mitchell (1954) and Friedman and Marshall (1949) for the solids residence time in rotary dryers have been compared with both pilot-scale and industrial-scale data. A countercurrent pilot-scale dryer of 0.2m diameter and 2m long has been used with air velocities up to 1.5 m to measure the residence times of sorghum grain. The average discrepancy for the solids residence time between the predictions and the experiments that were carried out in the pilot-scale rotary dryer is {minus}10.4%. Compared with the models of Friedman and Marshall (1949) and Saeman and Mitchell (1954) for the pilot-scale data obtained here, the Matchett and Baker model is more satisfactory for predicting the solids residence time in this pilot-scale dryer. It has also been found that the model of Matchett and Baker describes the industrial data of Saeman and Mitchell (1954) than the correlation of Friedman and Marshall (1949).
Cao, W.F.; Langrish, T.A.G. [Univ. of Sydney, New South Wales (Australia). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Advanced Robotics Journal, Vol. X, No. Y, 2002 (to appear) SCALED TELEOPERATION SYSTEM FOR NANO SCALE
Advanced Robotics Journal, Vol. X, No. Y, 2002 (to appear) SCALED TELEOPERATION SYSTEM FOR NANO for teleoperated nano scale object interaction and manipulation. Design specifications for a bilateral scaled system, initial experiments are realized for interacting with nano scale surfaces. It is shown that fine
Sitti, Metin
Simulation of Water Age and Residence Time in New York Bight
The time scales on which river inflows disperse in the coastal ocean are relevant to a host of biogeochemical and environmental processes. These time scales are examined in a modeling study of the Hudson River plume on its entry to the New York ...
Weifeng G. Zhang; John L. Wilkin; Oscar M. E. Schofield
Space-Time Insight | Open Energy Information
Space-Time Insight Space-Time Insight Jump to: navigation, search Name Space-Time Insight Address 45680 Northport Loop East Place Fremont, California Zip 94538 Sector Efficiency Product SpaceTime Awareness Server Year founded 2008 Number of employees 11-50 Website http://www.spacetimeinsight.co Coordinates 37.4923832°, -121.9532879° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.4923832,"lon":-121.9532879,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
What Time is It?
... These are sometimes marketed as "atomic clocks", but ... problems include incorrectly setting your local time zone on the clock, batteries that need ...
On the Time Times Temperature Bound
Recently Hod proposes a lower bound on the relaxation time of a perturbed thermodynamic system. For gravitational systems this bound transforms into a condition on the fundamental quasinormal frequency. We test the bound in some spacetimes whose quasinormal frequencies are calculated exactly, as the three-dimensional BTZ black hole, the D-dimensional de Sitter spacetime, and the D-dimensional Nariai spacetime. We find that for some of these spacetimes their fundamental quasinormal frequencies do not satisfy the bound proposed by Hod.
A. Lopez-Ortega
Armored scale insecticide resistance challenges San Joaquin Valley citrus growers
registered to control armored scale. As a result. outbreaksand carbamate-resistant armored scale in San Joaquin ValleyEE. 1994. Chlorpyrifos effect on armored scale (Homoptera:
Grafton-Cardwell, Elizabeth E.; Ouyang, Yuling; Striggow, Rebecka; Vehrs, Stacy
Announcing the Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing...
Announcing the Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing Providing Extreme-Scale Supercomputing Training for...
Time integration of reacting flows with CSP tabulation.
This paper presents recent progress on the use of Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) techniques for time integration of stiff chemical systems. The CSP integration approach removes fast time scales from the reaction system, thereby enabling integration with explicit time stepping algorithms. For further efficiency improvements, a tabulation strategy was developed to allow reuse of the relevant CSP quantities. This paper outlines the method and demonstrates its use on the simulation of hydrogen-air ignition.
Frenklach, Michael (University of California at Berkeley, CA); Marzouk, Youssef M. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA); Valorani, Mauro (Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy); Goussis, Dimitris A. (National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece); Najm, Habib N.; Debusschere, Bert J.
Connecting the Connecting the Molecular and the Continuum Scales Connecting the Molecular and the Continuum Scales Key Challenges: A molecular-scale understanding of structure and surface chemistry of clay mineral surface nanoparticles. Why it Matters: With a ubiquitous presence in natural materials and strong surface reactions, nanoparticles figure importantly in a broad range of phenomena, from climate change to contaminant remediation. Accomplishments: Used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine molecular-scale diffusion coefficients of water tracers and representative cations (Na+,Cs+,Sr2+) in Smectite and found a simple way to accurately relate this to bulk, pore-scale diffusion. The result is that a remarkably simple expression relates Dinterlayer to the pore-scale
The genus of the isodensity contours is a robust measure of the topology of a large-scale structure, and it is relatively insensitive to nonlinear gravitational evolution, galaxy bias, and redshift-space distortion. We show that the growth of density fluctuations is scale dependent even in the linear regime in some modified gravity theories, which opens a new possibility of testing the theories observationally. We propose to use the genus of the isodensity contours, an intrinsic measure of the topology of the large-scale structure, as a statistic to be used in such tests. In Einstein's general theory of relativity, density fluctuations grow at the same rate on all scales in the linear regime, and the genus per comoving volume is almost conserved as structures grow homologously, so we expect that the genus-smoothing-scale relation is basically time independent. However, in some modified gravity models where structures grow with different rates on different scales, the genus-smoothing-scale relation should change over time. This can be used to test the gravity models with large-scale structure observations. We study the cases of the f(R) theory, DGP braneworld theory as well as the parameterized post-Friedmann models. We also forecast how the modified gravity models can be constrained with optical/IR or redshifted 21 cm radio surveys in the near future.
Wang Xin; Chen Xuelei [Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Park, Changbom [Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-722 (Korea, Republic of)
Scale-Free model for governing universe dynamics
We investigate the effects of scale-free model on cosmology, providing, in this way, a statistical background in the framework of general relativity. In order to discuss properties and time evolution of some relevant universe dynamical parameters (cosmographic parameters), such as $H(t)$ (Hubble parameter), $q(t)$ (deceleration parameter), $j(t)$ (jerk parameter) and $s(t)$ (snap parameter), which are well re-defined in the framework of scale-free model, we analyze a comparison between WMAP data. Hence the basic purpose of the work is to consider this statistical interpretation of mass distribution of universe, in order to have a mass density $\\rho$ dynamics, not inferred from Friedmann equations, via scale factor $a(t)$. This model, indeed, has been used also to explain a possible origin and a viable explanation of cosmological constant, which assumes a statistical interpretation without the presence of extended theories of gravity; hence the problem of dark energy could be revisited in the context of a classical probability distribution of mass, which is, in particular, for the scale-free model, $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$, with $2<\\gamma<3$. The $\\Lambda$CDM model becomes, with these considerations, a consequence of the particular statistics together with the use of general relativity.
Orlando Luongo; Carmine Autieri
Comparing Scales of Environmental Effects from Gasoline and Ethanol Production
Understanding the environmental effects of alternative fuel production is critical to characterizing the sustainability of energy resources to inform policy and regulatory decisions. The magnitudes of these environmental effects vary according to the intensity and scale of fuel production along each step of the supply chain. We compare the scales (i.e., spatial extent and temporal duration) of ethanol and gasoline production processes and environmental effects based on a literature review, and then synthesize the scale differences on space-time diagrams. Comprehensive assessment of any fuel-production system is a moving target, and our analysis shows that decisions regarding the selection of spatial and temporal boundaries of analysis have tremendous influences on the comparisons. Effects that strongly differentiate gasoline and ethanol supply chains in terms of scale are associated with when and where energy resources are formed and how they are extracted. Although both gasoline and ethanol production may result in negative environmental effects, this study indicates that ethanol production traced through a supply chain may impact less area and result in more easily reversed effects of a shorter duration than gasoline production.
Parish, Esther S [ORNL; Kline, Keith L [ORNL; Dale, Virginia H [ORNL; Efroymson, Rebecca Ann [ORNL; McBride, Allen [ORNL; Johnson, Timothy L [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Raleigh, North Carolina; Hilliard, Michael R [ORNL; Bielicki, Dr Jeffrey M [University of Minnesota
Multiple slug scaling of linear and pattern laboratory chemical floods
Linear floods were conducted in a synthetic water-wet matrix. The multiple slug scaling approach used oil saturation distributions measured by microwave attenuation in one laboratory flood to predict accurately the tertiary residual oil saturation and tertiary oil breakthrough in another laboratory linear flood run with larger slug sizes. Oil saturation distributions at 0.11 V/V/sub p/ intervals during the flood, as well as at S/sub orc/, were also accurately predicted. A laboratory quarter five-spot pattern flood involving sequential injection of a small surfactant slug, a small polymer slug, and continuous drive water was run in a water-wet synthetic matrix. Linear flood oil saturation distributions were scaled to predict the oil saturation distributions in the pattern using a fixed twelve streamtube model for the flow. Details of this scaling procedure are given. Residual tertiary oil saturation, tertiary recovery, and oil saturation changes with time were predicted to within the experimental errors involved in the procedures. The observed tertiary oil breakthrough was later than predicted. Observed oil saturation distributions tended to show more oil left in the corners of the model than predicted by the scaling theory. These secondary effects and the overall behavior of the pattern flood are considered in terms of the chosen streamtube network and the assumptions of stable unit mobility flow. (JMT)
Haskin, H.K.; Davis, L.A.
2010 Thin Film & Small Scale Mechanical Behavior Gordon Research Conference
Over the past decades, it has been well established that the mechanical behavior of materials changes when they are confined geometrically at least in one dimension to small scale. It is the aim of the 2010 Gordon Conference on 'Thin Film and Small Scale Mechanical Behavior' to discuss cutting-edge research on elastic, plastic and time-dependent deformation as well as degradation mechanisms like fracture, fatigue and wear at small scales. As in the past, the conference will benefit from contributions from fundamental studies of physical mechanisms linked to material science and engineering reaching towards application in modern applications ranging from optical and microelectronic devices and nano- or micro-electrical mechanical systems to devices for energy production and storage. The conference will feature entirely new testing methodologies and in situ measurements as well as recent progress in atomistic and micromechanical modeling. Particularly, emerging topics in the area of energy conversion and storage, such as material for batteries will be highlighted. The study of small-scale mechanical phenomena in systems related to energy production, conversion or storage offer an enticing opportunity to materials scientists, who can provide new insight and investigate these phenomena with methods that have not previously been exploited.
Dr. Thomas Balk
3-D Micro-Scale Machining Implementation
The KCP investigated milling, turning, and wire EDMing features at a micro-scale using existing equipment to find the limitations and hindrances to producing future designs.
Boucher, Christopher L.
Trends in Utility Scale Renewable Electricity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov Trends in Utility Scale Renewable Electricity for ReTech 2012
Prospects for Atomic-Scale Tomography
Abstract Scope, Atomic-scale tomography (AST) may be defined as any technique that ... Initial Age Hardening and Nanostructural Evolution in a Cu-Ni-P Alloy.
Building Technologies Office: Speed and Scale
Presentations from Track B, Speed and Scale, were presented in the following sessions: Audit Procedures Business Models (Session 1) Communication and Outreach Community Evaluation...
The time calibrator of an electric signal displayed on an oscilloscope is described. In contrast to the conventional technique of using time-calibrated divisions on the face of the oscilloscope, this invention provides means for directly superimposing equal time spaced markers upon a signal displayed upon an oscilloscope. More explicitly, the present invention includes generally a generator for developing a linear saw-tooth voltage and a circuit for combining a high-frequency sinusoidal voltage of a suitable amplitude and frequency with the saw-tooth voltage to produce a resultant sweep deflection voltage having a wave shape which is substantially linear with respect to time between equal time spaced incremental plateau regions occurring once each cycle of the sinusoidal voltage. The foregoing sweep voltage when applied to the horizontal deflection plates in combination with a signal to be observed applied to the vertical deflection plates of a cathode ray oscilloscope produces an image on the viewing screen which is essentially a display of the signal to be observed with respect to time. Intensified spots, or certain other conspicuous indications corresponding to the equal time spaced plateau regions of said sweep voltage, appear superimposed upon said displayed signal, which indications are therefore suitable for direct time calibration purposes.
Owren, H.M.; Johnson, B.M.; Smith, V.L.
Real-time shading
Real-time procedural shading was once seen as a distant dream. When the first version of this course was offered four years ago, real-time shading was possible, but only with one-of-a-kind hardware or by combining the effects of tens to hundreds of rendering ...
Marc Olano; Kurt Akeley; John C. Hart; Wolfgang Heidrich; Michael McCool; Jason L. Mitchell; Randi Rost
Semantics, experience and time
The computational hypothesis, with its inherent representationalism, and the dynamical hypothesis, with its apparent absence of representations and its commitment to continuous time, stand at an impasse. It is unclear how the dynamical stance can handle ... Keywords: Computation, Experience, Invariance, Semantics, Situatedness, Time
Stephen E. Robbins
This patent relates to means for ascertaining the instant of arrival of a shock wave in an exploslve charge and apparatus utilizing this means to coordinate the timing of two operations involving a short lnterval of time. A pair of spaced electrodes are inserted along the line of an explosive train with a voltage applied there-across which is insufficient to cause discharge. When it is desired to initiate operation of a device at the time the explosive shock wave reaches a particular point on the explosive line, the device having an inherent time delay, the electrodes are located ahead of the point such that the ionization of the area between the electrodes caused by the traveling explosive shock wave sends a signal to initiate operation of the device to cause it to operate at the proper time. The operated device may be photographic equipment consisting of an x-ray illuminating tube.
Tuck, J.L.
The scale analysis sequence for LWR fuel depletion
The SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) code system is used extensively to perform away-from-reactor safety analysis (particularly criticality safety, shielding, heat transfer analyses) for spent light water reactor (LWR) fuel. Spent fuel characteristics such as radiation sources, heat generation sources, and isotopic concentrations can be computed within SCALE using the SAS2 control module. A significantly enhanced version of the SAS2 control module, which is denoted as SAS2H, has been made available with the release of SCALE-4. For each time-dependent fuel composition, SAS2H performs one-dimensional (1-D) neutron transport analyses (via XSDRNPM-S) of the reactor fuel assembly using a two-part procedure with two separate unit-cell-lattice models. The cross sections derived from a transport analysis at each time step are used in a point-depletion computation (via ORIGEN-S) that produces the burnup-dependent fuel composition to be used in the next spectral calculation. A final ORIGEN-S case is used to perform the complete depletion/decay analysis using the burnup-dependent cross sections. The techniques used by SAS2H and two recent applications of the code are reviewed in this paper. 17 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.
Hermann, O.W.; Parks, C.V.
Engineering-Scale Demonstration of DuraLith and Ceramicrete Waste Forms
To support the selection of a waste form for the liquid secondary wastes from the Hanford Waste Immobilization and Treatment Plant, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has initiated secondary waste form testing on four candidate waste forms. Two of the candidate waste forms have not been developed to scale as the more mature waste forms. This work describes engineering-scale demonstrations conducted on Ceramicrete and DuraLith candidate waste forms. Both candidate waste forms were successfully demonstrated at an engineering scale. A preliminary conceptual design could be prepared for full-scale production of the candidate waste forms. However, both waste forms are still too immature to support a detailed design. Formulations for each candidate waste form need to be developed so that the material has a longer working time after mixing the liquid and solid constituents together. Formulations optimized based on previous lab studies did not have sufficient working time to support large-scale testing. The engineering-scale testing was successfully completed using modified formulations. Further lab development and parametric studies are needed to optimize formulations with adequate working time and assess the effects of changes in raw materials and process parameters on the final product performance. Studies on effects of mixing intensity on the initial set time of the waste forms are also needed.
Josephson, Gary B.; Westsik, Joseph H.; Pires, Richard P.; Bickford, Jody; Foote, Martin W.
Digital time delay
Method and apparatus are provided for generating an output pulse following a trigger pulse at a time delay interval preset with a resolution which is high relative to a low resolution available from supplied clock pulses. A first lumped constant delay provides a first output signal at predetermined interpolation intervals corresponding to the desired high resolution time interval. Latching circuits latch the high resolution data to form a first synchronizing data set. A selected time interval has been preset to internal counters and corrected for circuit propagation delay times having the same order of magnitude as the desired high resolution. Internal system clock pulses count down the counters to generate an internal pulse delayed by an internal which is functionally related to the preset time interval. A second LCD corrects the internal signal with the high resolution time delay. A second internal pulse is then applied to a third LCD to generate a second set of synchronizing data which is complementary with the first set of synchronizing data for presentation to logic circuits. The logic circuits further delay the internal output signal with the internal pulses. The final delayed output signal thereafter enables the output pulse generator to produce the desired output pulse at the preset time delay interval following input of the trigger pulse.
Martin, A.D.
Environment Induced Time Arrow
The spread of the time arrows from the environment to an observed subsystem is followed within a harmonic model. A similarity is pointed out between irreversibility and a phase with spontaneously broken symmetry. The causal structure of interaction might be lost in the irreversible case, as well. The Closed Time Path formalism is developed for classical systems and shown to handle the time arrow problem in a clear and flexible manner. The quantum case is considered, as well, and the common origin of irreversibility and decoherence is pointed out.
Janos Polonyi
An electrically variable time delay line is described which may be readily controlled simuitaneously with variable impedance matching means coupied thereto such that reflections are prevented. Broadly, the delay line includes a signal winding about a magnetic core whose permeability is electrically variable. Inasmuch as the inductance of the line varies directly with the permeability, the time delay and characteristic impedance of the line both vary as the square root of the permeability. Consequently, impedance matching means may be varied similariy and simultaneously w:th the electrically variable permeability to match the line impedance over the entire range of time delay whereby reflections are prevented.
Clemensen, R.E.
A macroscopic scale model of bacterial flagellar bundling
Escherichia coli and other bacteria use rotating helical filaments to swim. Each cell typically has about four filaments, which bundle or disperse depending on the sense of motor rotation. To study the bundling process, we built a macroscopic scale model consisting of stepper-motor-driven polymer helices in a tank filled with a high-viscosity silicone oil. The Reynolds number, the ratio of viscous to elastic stresses, and the helix geometry of our experimental model approximately match the corresponding quantities of the full scale E. coli cells. We analyze digital video images of the rotating helices to show that the initial rate of bundling is proportional to the motor frequency and is independent of the characteristic relaxation time of the filament. We also determine which combinations of helix handedness and sense of motor rotation lead to bundling.
MunJu Kim; James C. Bird; Annemarie J. Van Parys; Kenneth S. Breuer; Thomas R. Powers
Parallel Scaling Characteristics of Selected NERSC User ProjectCodes
This report documents parallel scaling characteristics of NERSC user project codes between Fiscal Year 2003 and the first half of Fiscal Year 2004 (Oct 2002-March 2004). The codes analyzed cover 60% of all the CPU hours delivered during that time frame on seaborg, a 6080 CPU IBM SP and the largest parallel computer at NERSC. The scale in terms of concurrency and problem size of the workload is analyzed. Drawing on batch queue logs, performance data and feedback from researchers we detail the motivations, benefits, and challenges of implementing highly parallel scientific codes on current NERSC High Performance Computing systems. An evaluation and outlook of the NERSC workload for Allocation Year 2005 is presented.
Skinner, David; Verdier, Francesca; Anand, Harsh; Carter,Jonathan; Durst, Mark; Gerber, Richard
Bubbles, Jumps, and Scaling from Properly Anticipated Prices
Prices in financial markets exhibit extreme jumps far more often than can be accounted for by external news. Further, magnitudes of price changes are correlated over long times. These so called stylized facts are quantified by scaling laws similar to, for example, turbulent fluids. They are believed to reflect the complex interactions of heterogenous agents which give rise to irrational herding. Therefore, the stylized facts have been argued to provide evidence against the efficient market hypothesis which states that prices rapidly reflect available information and therefore are described by a martingale. Here we show, that in very simple bidding processes efficiency is not opposed to, but causative to scaling properties observed in real markets. Thereby, we link the stylized facts not only to price efficiency, but also to the economic theory of rational bubbles. We then demonstrate effects predicted from our normative model in the dynamics of groups of real human subjects playing a modified minority game. A...
Patzelt, Felix
Time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy
Time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy combines optical, electronic, and data acquisition capabilities to enable measurement of picosecond to millisecond time-resolved spectra within a single experiment, using a single activation pulse. This technology enables a wide range of dynamic processes to be studied on a single laser and sample system. The technique includes a 1 kHz pump, 10 kHz probe flash photolysis-like mode of acquisition (pump-probe-probe-probe, etc.), increasing the amount of information from each experiment. We demonstrate the capability of the instrument by measuring the photolysis of tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO){sub 6}) monitored by IR absorption spectroscopy, following picosecond vibrational cooling of product formation through to slower bimolecular diffusion reactions on the microsecond time scale.
Greetham, G. M.; Sole, D.; Clark, I. P.; Parker, A. W.; Pollard, M. R.; Towrie, M. [Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX (United Kingdom)
Measurable Maximal Energy and Minimal Time Interval
The possibility of finding the measurable maximal energy and the minimal time interval is discussed in different quantum aspects. It is found that the linear generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) approach gives a non-physical result. Based on large scale Schwarzshild solution, the quadratic GUP approach is utilized. The calculations are performed at the shortest distance, at which the general relativity is assumed to be a good approximation for the quantum gravity and at larger distances, as well. It is found that both maximal energy and minimal time have the order of the Planck time. Then, the uncertainties in both quantities are accordingly bounded. Some physical insights are addressed. Also, the implications on the physics of early Universe and on quantized mass are outlined. The results are related to the existence of finite cosmological constant and minimum mass (mass quanta).
Eiman Abou El Dahab; Abdel Nasser Tawfik
Scale Model Turbine Missile Casing Impact Tests
This report describes three 1/5-scale-model turbine missile impact experiments performed to provide benchmark data for assessing turbine missiles effects in nuclear plant design. The development of an explosive launcher to accelerate the turbine missile models to the desired impact velocities is described. A comparison of the test results with those from full-scale experiments demonstrates scalability.
Mutual information aspects of scale space images
In image registration, mutual information is a well-performing measure based on principles of uncertainty. Similarly, in image analysis the Gaussian scale space, based on minimal assumptions of the image, is used to derive intrinsic properties of an ... Keywords: Entropy, Image analysis, Image structure, Multiresolution, Mutual information, Registration, Scale space
A. Kuijper
Spectral Scaling in a Tidal Boundary Layer
The simple scaling of a tidal bottom boundary layer by the shear velocity, u*, and the wall to the wall describes well the mean Bow field. To test the full extent of this scaling measurements were made of the turbulence spectra in a natural tidal ...
Thomas F. Gross; Arthur R. M. Nowell
Broken Scale Invariance and Anomalous Dimensions
Mack and Kastrup have proposed that broken scale invariance is a symmetry of strong interactions. There is evidence from the Thirring model and perturbation theory that the dimensions of fields defined by scale transformations will be changed by the interaction from their canonical values. We review these ideas and their consequences for strong interactions.
Wilson, K. G.
SCALE is an industry-leading suite of tools for nuclear systems modeling and simulation that provides comprehensive, verified and validated, user-friendly capabilities for criticality safety, reactor physics, radiation shielding, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. For more than 30 years, regulators, licensees, and research institutions around the world have used SCALE for nuclear safety analysis and design. SCALE provides a plug-and-play framework that includes three deterministic and three Monte Carlo radiation transport solvers that are selected based on the desired solution. SCALE includes the latest nuclear data libraries for continuous-energy and multigroup radiation transport as well as activation, depletion, and decay calculations. SCALE s graphical user interfaces assist with accurate system modeling, visualization, and convenient access to desired results. SCALE 6.2 provides several new capabilities and significant improvements in many existing features, especially with expanded CE Monte Carlo capabilities for criticality safety, shielding, depletion, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. A brief overview of SCALE capabilities is provided with emphasis on new features for SCALE 6.2.
Rearden, Bradley T [ORNL; Dunn, Michael E [ORNL; Wiarda, Dorothea [ORNL; Celik, Cihangir [ORNL; Bekar, Kursat B [ORNL; Williams, Mark L [ORNL; Peplow, Douglas E. [ORNL; Perfetti, Christopher M [ORNL; Gauld, Ian C [ORNL; Wieselquist, William A [ORNL; Lefebvre, Jordan P [ORNL; Lefebvre, Robert A [ORNL; Havluj, Frantisek [Nuclear Research Institute, Rez, Czech Republic; Skutnik, Steven [The University of Tennessee; Dugan, Kevin [Texas A& M University
Enhancements in SCALE 6.1
The SCALE code system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides a comprehensive, verified and validated, user-friendly tool set for criticality safety, reactor physics, radiation shielding, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. For more than 30 years, regulators, licensees, and research institutions around the world have used SCALE for nuclear safety analysis and design. SCALE provides a 'plug-and-play' framework with 89 computational modules, including three deterministic and three Monte Carlo radiation transport solvers that are selected based on the desired solution. SCALE's graphical user interfaces assist with accurate system modeling, visualization, and convenient access to desired results. SCALE 6.1 builds on the existing capabilities and ease-of-use of SCALE and provides several new features such as enhanced lattice physics capabilities and multigroup Monte Carlo depletion, improved options and capabilities for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis calculations, improved flexibility in shielding and criticality accident alarm system calculations with automated variance reduction, and new options for the definition of group structures for depletion calculations. The SCALE 6.1 development team has focused on improved robustness via substantial additional regression testing and verification for new and existing features, providing improved performance relative to SCALE 6.0, especially in reactor physics calculations and in the nuclear data used for source term characterization and shielding calculations.
Rearden, Bradley T [ORNL; Petrie Jr, Lester M [ORNL; Peplow, Douglas E. [ORNL; Jessee, Matthew Anderson [ORNL; Wiarda, Dorothea [ORNL; Williams, Mark L [ORNL; Lefebvre, Robert A [ORNL; Lefebvre, Jordan P [ORNL; Gauld, Ian C [ORNL; Goluoglu, Sedat [ORNL
February 2002 Grid Scale Oscillations in MICOM
are the implications of the grid scale oscillation on Surface Fluxes that drive THC Heat transport MeridionalFebruary 2002 Grid Scale Oscillations in MICOM Balasubramanya T. Nadiga Los Alamos National Model · 3o displaced pole grid. 16 layers · Kraus-Turner Bulk Mixed Layer · Explicit diapycnal
Nadiga, Balasubramanya T. "Balu"
Comparative Diagnosis of Blocking Versus Nonblocking Planetary-Scale Circulation Changes during Synoptic-Scale Cyclogenesis
A 17-day period during November 1980 is investigated to obtain insight into differing large-scale 500 mb circulation changes during three consecutive synoptic-scale cyclone �events� Each event is defined by at least one rapidly intensifying ...
Stephen J. Colucci
Renewable Generation, Distributed Generation, Risk Analysis,both central and distributed generation is needed. Small-Among proponents of distributed generation there is a desire
A Multisensor Observational Depiction of the Transition from Light to Heavy Rainfall on Subdaily Time Scales
Utilizing data from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), a new observational parameter related to mesoscale cold pool activity [termed cold pool kinetic energy (CPKE)] is developed and investigated. CPKE and the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) ...
Gregory S. Elsaesser; Christian D. Kummerow
E. S. Schwartz, Electricity prices and power derivatives �is a thresh- old level of electricity prices at which theinformation about electricity prices equals the marginal net
Considerations of Meteorological Time Series in Estimating Regional-Scale Crop Yield
The sensitivity of simulated soybean yield to spatial averaging of meteorological data was analyzed for the central United States during a 23-year period. Regional yield was simulated using the physiological model, SOYGRO, in two sets of ...
Gregory J. Carbone
Optimizing the Power Delivery Network in Dynamically Voltage Scaled Systems with Uncertain Power Mode Transition Times
, where state transition rates are controlled by actions a A. We consider a cost function which assigns matrix G is defined as an n�?n matrix, where an entry s,s' in G is called the transition rate from state s to another state s'. The transition rates may be calculated as follows, , ' '( ) ( ', ) (1/ ( , ')),s
A Time Scale for Long-Term Salt Intrusion in Well-Mixed Estuaries
The one-dimensional equation for dispersion of sail in a well-mixed estuary is analyzed to obtain an estimate of the departure from the quasi-steady distribution of the tidally averaged salinity in the case of a gradually varying fresh water ...
C. Kranenburg
Analysis of Short Space�Time-Scale Variability of Oceanic Rain Using TOPEX/Jason
Information on the spatial and temporal variability of rain rate is important not only for meteorology and hydrology but also for the design of remote sensing and in situ measuring or of millimeter wave communication systems. The Ocean Topography ...
J. Tournadre; S. Bhandari
An Assessment of GCM Skill in Simulating Persistence across Multiple Time Scales
Climate change impact studies for water resource applications, such as the development of projections of reservoir yields or the assessment of likely frequency and amplitude of drought under a future climate, require that the year-to-year ...
Fiona Johnson; Seth Westra; Ashish Sharma; Andrew J. Pitman
Time-scales for Non-Inductive Current Buildup In Low-Aspect-Ratio Toroidal Geometry
boundary conditions coupled to the changing currents in the poloidal field coils. For definiteness in the magnetic field evolution equation whereas non-inductive current drive takes the form of a source term. An associated and compounding effect is that inductive current drive changes the plasma flux most near
(Energy Mark Inc.), Michael Milligan (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Andrew Mills (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Phillip Price (Lawrence Berkeley National...
Minnesota statewide wind integration study. November 2006.of net load vs. load Wind integration studies are generallyIt would be very useful to wind integration studies if this
Adjustment of the Southern Ocean to Wind Forcing on Synoptic Time Scales
This study addresses the response of the Southern Ocean to high-frequency wind forcing, focusing on the impact of several barotropic modes on the circumpolar transport. A suite of experiments is performed with an unstratified model of the ...
Wilbert Weijer; Sarah T. Gille
Air�Sea Interaction on the Time Scale of 30 to 50 Days
In this Paper we have examined the fluxes of latent and sensible heat between the ocean and the atmosphere utilizing primarily the observations from the global experiment. The procedure for calculation is based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity ...
T. N. Krishnamurti; D. K. Oosterhof; A. V. Mehta
An Observational Study of Tropical�Midlatitude Interaction on Intraseasonal Time Scales during Winter
Eight Northern Hemisphere winters of five- and ten-day average midlatitude 500 mb heights and tropical outgoing IR are used in a correlative study of tropical-midlatitude interaction. The seasonal cycle and interannual variability are removed so ...
Brant Liebmann; Dennis L. Hartmann
Differential force microscope for long time-scale biophysical measurements Jason L. Choy,a
PSDs . The cantilevers and sample can be illu- minated with a broadband light emitting diode source LS1
Bustamante, Carlos
AWEA 2010. American Wind Energy Association ProjectsR Liao. 2006. Analyses of Wind Energy Impact on WFEC Systemresources. The American Wind Energy Association maintains a
Huei. 2005. Primer on Wind Power for Utility Applications.Wan, Yih-Huei. 2004. Wind Power Plant Behaviors: Analysesof Long-Term Wind Power Data. National Renewable Energy Lab
Prediction of Monsoon Rainfall and River Discharge on 15�30-Day Time Scales
Most attempts at predicting south Asian monsoon variability have concentrated on seasonally averaged rainfall over the Indian subcontinent some months in advance using regional and remote boundary effects as predictors. Overall, about 30% of the ...
Peter J. Webster; Carlos Hoyos
Space and Time Scales of Mesoscale Motions in the Eastern North Atlantic
The Tourbillon experiment carried out in 1979�80 over the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the eastern North Atlantic is the fist experiment providing data that allow an efficient description of the spatial structure of the mesoscale low-frequency ...
Herl� Mercier; Alain Colin De Verdi�re
Forecasting Electricity Demand on Short, Medium and Long Time Scales Using Neural Networks
This paper examines the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the modelling and forecasting of electricity demand experienced by an electricity supplier. The data used in the application examples relates to the national electricity demand ... Keywords: Box�Jenkins model, artificial neural networks, electrical load, electricity demand, load forecasting
J. V. Ringwood; D. Bofelli; F. T. Murray
A Review of Predictability Studies of Atlantic Sector Climate on Decadal Time Scales
This review paper discusses the physical basis and the potential for decadal climate predictability over the Atlantic and its adjacent land areas. Many observational and modeling studies describe pronounced decadal and multidecadal variability in ...
M. Latif; M. Collins; H. Pohlmann; N. Keenlyside
Black Sea Mixed Layer Sensitivity to Various Wind and Thermal Forcing Products on Climatological Time Scales
This study describes atmospheric forcing parameters constructed from different global climatologies, applied to the Black Sea, and investigates the sensitivity of Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations to these products. Significant ...
A. Birol Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; Alan J. Wallcraft; Mark A. Bourassa
Real Time Dynamics of Laser Activated Interface Processes at the Molecular Scale
Nanotechnology is one of the most interesting and challenging frontiers of science and technology. We are motivated by the belief that progress will come from improved understanding and control of structure, dynamics and reactivity at interfaces. First, we provide a summary of our projects and key findings. The following pages provide a more detailed account.
Eric Borguet
The Hydroclimatology of Kuwait: Explaining the Variability of Rainfall at Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales
This paper presents an analysis of the spatial, seasonal, and interannual variabilities of Kuwaiti rainfall. Based on an analysis of rain gauge, as well as satellite, datasets, it is estimated that about 110�190 mm of rainfall occurs annually in ...
Marc P. Marcella; Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
MCODE-3 : time-dependent depletion isotopics with MCNP-5 and SCALE-6.1
In order to operate a reactor safely and efficiently, computer simulations must be used to predict certain nuclear characteristics of the reactor. To determine how materials change in a fission power environment, a ...
Gerrity, Thomas P., III
Estimating joinpoints in continuous time scale for multiple change-point models
Joinpoint models have been applied to the cancer incidence and mortality data with continuous change points. The current estimation method [Lerman, P.M., 1980. Fitting segmented regression models by grid search. Appl. Statist. 29, 77-84] assumes that ... Keywords: Cancer incidence and mortality, Constrained least square, Joinpoint regression, SEER
Binbing Yu; Michael J. Barrett; Hyune-Ju Kim; Eric J. Feuer
Short-Time-Scale Processes in a Mature Hurricane as a Response to Sea Surface Fluctuations
To clarify the effect of fluctuations in surface stress and heat fluxes on the intensity of a mature-state hurricane, a sensitivity analysis is performed by using a cloud-permitting nonhydrostatic axisymmetric adjoint model. The response function ...
Kosuke Ito; Yoichi Ishikawa; Yoshiaki Miyamoto; Toshiyuki Awaji
The dynamics of El Ni�o�Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are studied in terms of the balance between energy input from the winds (via wind power) and changes in the storage of available potential energy in the tropical ocean. Presently, there are ...
Jaclyn N. Brown; Alexey V. Fedorov
Suggestions in the Observational Record of Land�Atmosphere Feedback Operating at Seasonal Time Scales
Observed monthly precipitation anomalies are standardized across midlatitude land, and ergodicity is invoked to combine the spatially distributed data into probability density functions (pdfs) of precipitation conditioned on the strength of ...
Randal D. Koster; Max J. Suarez
Causes for Large-Scale Hydrographic Changes at the Hawaii Ocean Time Series Station
Results from Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)�Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) global ocean state estimate, available over the 11-yr period 1992 through 2002, are compared with independent observations available ...
D. Stammer; S. Park; A. K�hl; R. Lukas; F. Santiago-Mandujano
by a set of integrated wind farms increases, the behavior ofto the spatial distribution of wind farms and the total MW.line dates for the various wind farms were not provided, so
Empirical Models of the Eddy Heat Flux and Vertical Shear on Short Time Scales
The relationship between the eddy heat flux and vertical shear in the extratropical atmosphere is studied by developing various linear stochastic models fitted to the observed January and July Northern Hemispheric data. Models are univariate or ...
Steven J. Ghan
Interrelationships between Cloud Properties and Sea Surface Temperatures on Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales
Monthly means of selected variables of the 2.5� International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) C2 total cloud cover (CC), cloud-top pressure (CTP), and cloud water (CW) are statistically related to sea surface temperature (SST). The ...
Bryan C. Weare
The spectrum of power from wind turbines. Journal of PowerAWEA 2010. American Wind Energy Association ProjectsErik and Jason Kemper. 2009. Wind Plant Ramping Behavior.
A Modeling and Observational Framework for Diagnosing Local Land�Atmosphere Coupling on Diurnal Time Scales
Land�atmosphere interactions play a critical role in determining the diurnal evolution of both planetary boundary layer (PBL) and land surface temperature and moisture states. The degree of coupling between the land surface and PBL in numerical ...
Joseph A. Santanello Jr.; Christa D. Peters-Lidard; Sujay V. Kumar; Charles Alonge; Wei-Kuo Tao
Prediction Skill of the NAO and PNA from Daily to Seasonal Time Scales
The skill of state-of-the-art operational dynamical models in predicting the two most important modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical atmosphere, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific�North American (PNA) ...
�ke Johansson
Large scale time variability from high-low SST -filling the
velocities u that exceed the propagation speed c of the gravity current nose. It is shown by simple dam experiments using buoyant gravity currents generated by a dam release. Measurements of the two side view images at 3.5, 4.5 and 7.5 m downstream from the dam. The images show the buoyant gravity
Stuttgart, Universität
Testing the Annular Mode Autocorrelation Time Scale in Simple Atmospheric General Circulation Models
A new diagnostic for measuring the ability of atmospheric models to reproduce realistic low-frequency variability is introduced in the context of Held and Suarez�s 1994 proposal for comparing the dynamics of different general circulation models. ...
Edwin P. Gerber; Sergey Voronin; Lorenzo M. Polvani
Time, energy & form
Physical manifestations of time occur in natural forms of all sizes. Architectural form serves as shelter while providing a built envelope of human life, simultaneously influencing and influenced by energetic activities ...
McInnis, Martha Jane
Wood Use Across Time
?Forest products history and use ?Forest resource- the big picture ?Consumption- the big picture ?Trends forest products industry ? pulp & paper ? solid woodBack in Time ?1492 ? Columbus sailed the ocean blue! ? wood use- fuelwood American Indians ?1634: Jean Nicolet
Scott Bowe; United States Wood Use
Technical Talks Timing
Talks Timing The technical talks should last a maximum of 15 minutes with 5 minutes for set-up and 5 minutes for Q&A. No teamgroup presentations are allowed. The objective of...
Dogs and Time
Question: I travel often and worry how leaving for long periods of time (and boarding my dog) will affect her. I wouldn't think that dogs could understand the concept of...
Probing Planck-scale physics with Extragalactic Sources?
At Planck-scale, spacetime is �foamy � due to quantum fluctuations predicted by quantum gravity. Here we consider the possibility of using spacetime foam-induced phase incoherence of light from distant galaxies and gamma-ray bursters to probe Planck-scale physics. In particular, we critically examine the cumulative effects of spacetime fluctuations over a huge distance. Unfortunately, our analysis shows that they are far below what is required in this approach to shed light on the foaminess of spacetime. Subject headings: Planck-scale physics, quantum foam-induced phase incoherence of light, gamma-ray bursts, distant galaxies It is generally believed that quantum gravity, the synthesis of quantum mechanics and general relativity, predicts that spacetime becomes �foamy � or �fuzzy � at the Planck scale given by the Planck time tP = (?G/c5) 1/2 ? 10?44s, Planck length lP = ctP ? 10?33cm, and Planck energy EP = ?/tP ? 1028eV. The fuzziness of spacetime leads to uncertainties in distance (l) measurements whose absolute value is given by ?l ? lP(l/lP) 1?? (similar uncertainties for time measurements) and uncertainties in energy (E) measurements given by ?E ? E(E/EP) ? (again ?E is an absolute value). Similar uncertainties for momentum measurements also obtain.(Ng & van Dam 1994) The parameter, ? ? 1, specifies different quantum gravity models. The standard choice(Misner et al 1973) of ? is ? = 1; the choice of ? = 2/3 appears(Ng & van Dam 2000; Ng 2001) to be consistent with the holographic principle(�tHooft 1993; Susskind 1995) and black hole physics; ? = 1/2 corresponds to the random-walk model found in the literature(Amelino-Camelia
Y. Jack Ng; W. A. Christiansen; H. Van Dam
Propulsion engineering study for small-scale Mars missions
Rocket propulsion options for small-scale Mars missions are presented and compared, particularly for the terminal landing maneuver and for sample return. Mars landing has a low propulsive {Delta}v requirement on a {approximately}1-minute time scale, but at a high acceleration. High thrust/weight liquid rocket technologies, or advanced pulse-capable solids, developed during the past decade for missile defense, are therefore more appropriate for small Mars landers than are conventional space propulsion technologies. The advanced liquid systems are characterize by compact lightweight thrusters having high chamber pressures and short lifetimes. Blowdown or regulated pressure-fed operation can satisfy the Mars landing requirement, but hardware mass can be reduced by using pumps. Aggressive terminal landing propulsion designs can enable post-landing hop maneuvers for some surface mobility. The Mars sample return mission requires a small high performance launcher having either solid motors or miniature pump-fed engines. Terminal propulsion for 100 kg Mars landers is within the realm of flight-proven thruster designs, but custom tankage is desirable. Landers on a 10 kg scale also are feasible, using technology that has been demonstrated but not previously flown in space. The number of sources and the selection of components are extremely limited on this smallest scale, so some customized hardware is required. A key characteristic of kilogram-scale propulsion is that gas jets are much lighter than liquid thrusters for reaction control. The mass and volume of tanks for inert gas can be eliminated by systems which generate gas as needed from a liquid or a solid, but these have virtually no space flight history. Mars return propulsion is a major engineering challenge; earth launch is the only previously-solved propulsion problem requiring similar or greater performance.
Whitehead, J.
XMM-Newton timing mode observations of Mrk 421
We present the results of a detailed temporal analysis of the bright BL Lac object Mrk 421 using the three available long timing mode observations by the EPIC PN camera. This detector mode is characterized by its long life time and is largely free of photon pile-up problems. The source was found in different intensity and variability states differing by up to more than a factor of three in count rate. A time resolved cross correlation analysis between the soft and hard energy bands revealed that the characteristics of the correlated emission, with lags of both signs, change on time scales of a few thousand seconds. Individual spectra, resolved on time scales of a few hundread seconds, can be quite well fitted by a broken power law. We find significant spectral variations on time scales as short as 500-1000 sec. Both the hard and the soft band spectral indices show a non-linear correlation with the source flux. A comparison of the observed light curves with numerical results from relativistic hydrodynamic computer simulations of the currently favored shock-in-jet models indicates that any determination of the jet's physical parameters from `simple' emission models must be regarded with caution: at any time we are seeing the emission from several emission regions distinct in space and time, which are connected by the complex hydrodynamic evolution of the non-uniform jet.
W. Brinkmann; I. E. Papadakis; C. Raeth; P. Mimica; F. Haberl
Rainbow gravity and scale-invariant fluctuations
We re-examine a recently proposed scenario where the deformed dispersion relations associated with a flow of the spectral dimension to a UV value of 2 leads to a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations, without the need for inflation. In that scenario Einstein gravity was assumed. The theory displays a wavelength-dependent speed of light but by transforming to a suitable "rainbow frame" this feature can be removed, at the expense of modifying gravity. We find that the ensuing rainbow gravity theory is such that gravity switches off at high energy (or at least leads to a universal conformal coupling). This explains why the fluctuations are scale-invariant on all scales: there is no horizon scale as such. For dispersion relations that do not lead to exact scale invariance we find instead esoteric inflation in the rainbow frame. We argue that these results shed light on the behaviour of gravity under the phenomenon of dimensional reduction.
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia; Michele Arzano; Giulia Gubitosi; Joao Magueijo
EA-1867: Scale-up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology, Polk
7: Scale-up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology, 7: Scale-up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology, Polk County, Florida EA-1867: Scale-up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology, Polk County, Florida Summary This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal to provide cost-shared funding to RTI International (RTI) for its proposed project to demonstrate the precommercial scale-up of RTI's high-temperature syngas cleanup and carbon capture and sequestration technologies. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. Documents Available for Download October 13, 2011 EA-1867: Finding of No Significant Impact RTI International Scale-Up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup and Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies, Polk County, Florida (October 2011)
EA-1888: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated
88: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale 88: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, Maine EA-1888: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, Maine Summary This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal by Old Town Fuel and Fiber to install and operate a demonstration-scale integrated biorefinery at their existing pulp mill in Old Town, Maine, demonstrating the production of n-butanol from lignocellulosic(wood) extract. Public Comment Opportunities None available at this time. Documents Available for Download September 25, 2012 EA-1888: Finding of No Significant Impact Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, MN September 25, 2012 EA-1888: Final Environmental Assessment
8: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale 8: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, Maine EA-1888: Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, Maine Summary This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal by Old Town Fuel and Fiber to install and operate a demonstration-scale integrated biorefinery at their existing pulp mill in Old Town, Maine, demonstrating the production of n-butanol from lignocellulosic(wood) extract. Public Comment Opportunities None available at this time. Documents Available for Download September 25, 2012 EA-1888: Finding of No Significant Impact Old Town Fuel and Fiber Proposed Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefinery in Old Town, MN September 25, 2012 EA-1888: Final Environmental Assessment
Generation of multiscale magnetic field by parity-invariant time-periodic flows
We study generation of magnetic fields involving large spatial scales by time- and space-periodic small-scale parity-invariant flows. The anisotropic magnetic eddy diffusivity tensor is calculated by the standard procedure involving expansion of magnetic modes and their growth rates in power series in the scale ratio. Our simulations, conducted for flows with random harmonic composition and exponentially decaying energy spectra, demonstrate that enlargement of the spatial scale of magnetic field is beneficial for generation by time-periodic flows. However, they turn out, in general, to be less efficient dynamos, than steady flows.
V. A. Zheligovsky; O. M. Podvigina
NSIT Computer Time Services: Internet Time Service (ITS) ...
Page 1. NIST Special Publication 250-59 NIST Computer Time Services: Internet Time Service (ITS), Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS), ...
Date centerdTimes New Roman
The American Recovery and The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act at the Department of Energy OAS-RA-09-01 March 2009 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY FROM: Gregory H. Friedman Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Special Report on "The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act at the Department of Energy" BACKGROUND The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) was signed into law on February 17, 2009, as a way to jumpstart the U.S. economy, create or save millions of jobs, spur technological advances in science and health, and invest in the Nation's energy future. This national effort will require an unprecedented level of transparency and
File:Beaufort wind scale.pdf | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search File Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » File:Beaufort wind scale.pdf Jump to: navigation, search File File history File usage Metadata File:Beaufort wind scale.pdf Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 464 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (1,275 × 1,650 pixels, file size: 28 KB, MIME type: application/pdf) [Category:Wind for Schools Portal Curricula]] File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 16:44, 2 January 2014 Thumbnail for version as of 16:44, 2 January 2014 1,275 × 1,650 (28 KB) Foteri (Talk | contribs) [Category:Wind for Schools Portal Curricula]][[Category:Wind for Schools Elementary School Curricula]
A sub-grid mix model based on a volume-of-fluids (VOF) representation is described for computational simulations of the transient mixing between reactive fluids, in which the atomically mixed components enter into the reactivity. The multi-fluid model allows each fluid species to have independent values for density, energy, pressure and temperature, as well as independent velocities and volume fractions. Fluid volume fractions are further divided into mix components to represent their 'mixedness' for more accurate prediction of reactivity. Time dependent conversion from unmixed volume fractions (denoted cf) to atomically mixed (af) fluids by diffusive processes is represented in resolved scale simulations with the volume fractions (cf, af mix). In unresolved scale simulations, the transition to atomically mixed materials begins with a conversion from unmixed material to a sub-grid volume fraction (pf). This fraction represents the unresolved small scales in the fluids, heterogeneously mixed by turbulent or multi-phase mixing processes, and this fraction then proceeds in a second step to the atomically mixed fraction by diffusion (cf, pf, af mix). Species velocities are evaluated with a species drift flux, {rho}{sub i}u{sub di} = {rho}{sub i}(u{sub i}-u), used to describe the fluid mixing sources in several closure options. A simple example of mixing fluids during 'interfacial deceleration mixing with a small amount of diffusion illustrates the generation of atomically mixed fluids in two cases, for resolved scale simulations and for unresolved scale simulations. Application to reactive mixing, including Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), is planned for future work.
VOLD, ERIK L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; SCANNAPIECO, TONY J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Scaling of the Longitudinal Electric Field and Transformer Ratio in a Nonlinear Plasma Wakefield Accelerator
The scaling of the two important figures of merit, the transformer ratio T and the longitudinal electric field E{sub z}, with the peak drive-bunch current I{sub p}, in a nonlinear plasma wakefield accelerator is presented for the first time. The longitudinal field scales as I{sub P}{sup 0.623{+-}0.007}, in good agreement with nonlinear wakefield theory ({approx}I{sub P}{sup 0.5}), while the unloaded transformer ratio is shown to be greater than unity and scales weakly with the bunch current. The effect of bunch head erosion on both parameters is also discussed.
Blumenfeld, I.; /SLAC; Clayton, C.E.; /UCLA; Decker, F.J.; Hogan, M.J.; /SLAC; Huang, C.; /UCLA; Ischebeck, R.; Iverson, R.H.; /SLAC; Joshi, C.; /UCLA; Katsouleas, T.; /Southern California U.; Kirby, N.; /SLAC; Lu, W.; Marsh, K.A.; Mori, W.B.; /UCLA; Muggli, P.; Oz, E.; /Southern California U.; Siemann, R.H.; Walz, D.R.; /SLAC; Zhou, M.; /UCLA
Fast-scale bifurcation . . . converters and effects of incompatible periodicities
In this paper, we derive the discrete-time model for the power-factor-correction (PFC) buck-boost converter in terms of a stroboscopic switching map. Fast-scale instability is analysed through a fold diagram, which exposes the periodicity of the operation as well as the locations of the critical phase angles of the line voltage at which instability begins to occur along a half-line cycle. The asymmetrical locations of the critical phase angles along a half-line cycle is explained in terms of �underdeveloped� bifurcation. Border collision bifurcations are observed and analysed in detail.
Jianlong Zou; Xikui Ma; Chi K. Tse; Dong Dai
The chip-scale atomic clock : prototype evaluation.
The authors have developed a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) for applications requiring atomic timing accuracy in portable battery-powered applications. At PTTI/FCS 2005, they reported on the demonstration of a prototype CSAC, with an overall size of 10 cm{sup 3}, power consumption > 150 mW, and short-term stability sy(t) < 1 x 10-9t-1/2. Since that report, they have completed the development of the CSAC, including provision for autonomous lock acquisition and a calibrated output at 10.0 MHz, in addition to modifications to the physics package and system architecture to improve performance and manufacturability.
Mescher, Mark (Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA); Varghese, Mathew (Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA); Lutwak, Robert (Symmetricom - Technology Realization Center, Beverly, MA); Serkland, Darwin Keith; Tepolt, Gary (Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA); Geib, Kent Martin; Leblanc, John (Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA); Peake, Gregory Merwin; Rashid, Ahmed (Symmetricom - Technology Realization Center, Beverly, MA)
Boiler Tube Internal Oxide Scale Thickness Measurement: Best Practices
Long-term high-temperature exposure of reheater and superheater tubes in fossil-fired steam boilers results in the growth of iron oxide scale (magnetite) on the inner tube surface. This internal oxide layer on the water side of the tube acts as a thermal insulator, reducing heat transfer through the tube wall into the internal water vapor. Over time, this insulating effect limits heat transmission into the water vapor inside the tube, which, in turn, causes chronic overheating of the tube wall. The ...
A Tree Swaying in a Turbulent Wind: A Scaling Analysis
A tentative scaling theory is presented of a tree swaying in a turbulent wind. It is argued that the turbulence of the air within the crown is in the inertial regime, An eddy causes a dynamic bending response of the branches according to a time criterion. The resulting expression for the penetration depth of the wind yields an exponent which is in agreement with that pertaining to the morphology of the tree branches. An energy criterion shows that the dynamics of the branches is basically passive. The possibility of hydrodynamic screening by the leaves is discussed.
Theo Odijk
Silica scaling in simulated geothermal brines
A 6.3 1/sec (100 GPM) titanium corrosion test loop was modified to provide a dynamic facility for studying the formation of silica deposits, their properties and fates, as a function of brine composition, temperature, and flow conditions. Scale formation was studied in a segmented heat exchanger operating under realistic conditions; the segmented design permitted examination of scale formations in five temperature regimes. The program was terminated after minimal exploratory operation because of reduced sponsor perceptions of the need for concern with scaling problems. The runs which were completed dealt cursorily with brine concentration and pH effects. Results are presented.
Bohlmann, E.G.; Shor, A.J.; Berlinski, P.; Mesmer, R.E.
Quantum tunneling time
A simple model of a quantum clock is applied to the old and controversial problem of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a quantum barrier. The model I employ has the advantage of yielding sensible results for energy eigenstates, and does not require the use of time-dependant wave packets. Although the treatment does not forbid superluminal tunneling velocities, there is no implication of faster-than-light signaling because only the transit duration is measurable, not the absolute time of transit. A comparison is given with the weak-measurement post-selection calculations of Steinberg.
P. C. W. Davies
Oak Ridge Integrated Field-Scale Research Challenge:Task D -Multi-Process and Multi-Scale Modeling and Data Analysis
The task objectives are: (1) Gain an improved understanding of hydrologic, geochemical and biological processes and their interactions at relevant time and space scales; and (2) Develop practical, site-independent tools for evaluating effects of natural and engineered processes on long-term performance.
Jack Parker
An assessment of density-based fine-scale methods for estimating diapycnal diffusivity in the Southern Ocean
Fine-scale estimates of diapycnal diffusivity ? are computed from CTD and XCTD data sampled in Drake Passage and in the eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean and are compared against microstructure measurements from the same times and ...
Marina Frants; Gillian M. Damerell; Sarah T. Gille; Karen J. Heywood; Jennifer MacKinnon; Janet Sprintall
The Precipitation Anomaly Classification: A Method for Monitoring Regional Precipitation Deficiency and Excess on a Global Scale
An objective method to identify and track significant global precipitation anomalies on time scales of a month or longer is presented. The technique requires current observations of monthly precipitation amounts for each station and long term (20 ...
J. E. Janowiak; C. F. Ropelewski; M. S. Halpert
The Association of Large-Scale Climate Variability and Teleconnections on Wind Energy Resource over Europe and its Intermittency
In times of increasing importance of wind power in the world�s energy mix, this study focuses on a better understanding of the influences of large-scale climate variability on wind power resource over Europe. The impact ...
Kriesche, Pascal
Small scale heater tests in argillite of the Eleana Formation at the Nevada Test Site
Near-surface heater tests were run in the Eleana Formation at the Nevada Test Site, in an effort to evaluate argillaceous rock for nuclear waste storage. The main test, which employed a full-scale heater with a thermal output approximating commercial borosilicate waste, was designed to operate for several months. Two smaller, scaled tests were run prior to the full-scale test. This report develops the thermal scaling laws, describes the pretest thermal and thermomechanical analysis conducted for these two tests, and discusses the material properties data used in the analyses. In the first test, scaled to a large heater of 3.5 kW power, computed heater temperatures were within 7% of measured values for the entire 96-hour test run. The second test, scaled to a large heater having 5.0 kW power, experienced periodic water in-flow onto the heater, which tended to damp the temperature. For the second test, the computed temperatures were within 7% of measured for the first 20 hours. After this time, the water effect became significant and the measured temperatures were 15 to 20% below those predicted. On the second test, rock surface spallation was noted in the bore hole above the heater, as predicted. The scaled tests indicated that in-situ argillite would not undergo major thermostructural failure during the follow-on, 3.5 kW, full-scale test. 24 figures, 6 tables.
McVey, D.F.; Thomas, R.K.; Lappin, A.R.
Voter Model with Time dependent Flip-rates
We introduce time variation in the flip-rates of the Voter Model. This type of generalisation is relevant to models of ageing in language change, allowing the representation of changes in speakers' learning rates over their lifetime and may be applied to any other similar model in which interaction rates at the microscopic level change with time. The mean time taken to reach consensus varies in a nontrivial way with the rate of change of the flip-rates, varying between bounds given by the mean consensus times for static homogeneous (the original Voter Model) and static heterogeneous flip-rates. By considering the mean time between interactions for each agent, we derive excellent estimates of the mean consensus times and exit probabilities for any time scale of flip-rate variation. The scaling of consensus times with population size on complex networks is correctly predicted, and is as would be expected for the ordinary voter model. Heterogeneity in the initial distribution of opinions has a strong effect, considerably reducing the mean time to consensus, while increasing the probability of survival of the opinion which initially occupies the most slowly changing agents. The mean times to reach consensus for different states are very different. An opinion originally held by the fastest changing agents has a smaller chance to succeed, and takes much longer to do so than an evenly distributed opinion.
G. J. Baxter
Probabilistic timed behavior trees
The Behavior Tree notation has been developed as a method for systematically and traceably capturing user requirements. In this paper we extend the notation with probabilistic behaviour, so that reliability, performance, and other dependability properties ... Keywords: behavior trees, model checking, probabilities, timed automata
Robert Colvin; Lars Grunske; Kirsten Winter
These plants are more than 30 MW in size, and there is more than 80,000 MW of installed generation capacity in the United States today. Most large-scale hydropower projects use a...
Vortex tracking in scale-space
Scale-space techniques have become popular in computer vision for their capability to access the multiscale information inherently contained in images. We show that the field of flow visualization can benefit from these techniques, too, yielding more ...
Dirk Bauer; Ronald Peikert
Small-scale alcohol fuel production
This is the final report of a project to demonstrate the feasibility of small-scale alcohol fuel production. A list of equipment and costs incurred in contracting the still are included. No experimental results are presented. (DMC)
Evans, J.; McQueary, J.
Large-Scale Hydrogen Combustion Experiments
Large-scale combustion experiments show that deliberate ignition can limit hydrogen accumulation in reactor containments. The collected data allow accurate evaluation of containment pressures and temperatures associated with hydrogen combustion.
Large-Scale Dynamics and Global Warming
Predictions of future climate change raise a variety of issues in large-scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. Several of these are reviewed in this essay, including the sensitivity of the circulation of the Atlantic Ocean to increasing ...
Isaac M. Held
Skyrmions, rational maps, and scaling identities
Starting from approximate Skyrmion solutions obtained using the rational map ansatz, improved approximate Skyrmions are constructed using scaling arguments. Although the energy improvement is small, the change of shape clarifies whether the true Skyrmions are more oblate or prolate.
Charalampidis, E. G.; Ioannidou, T. A. [Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computational Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Manton, N. S. [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)
Scaling cosmological solutions with Horndeski Lagrangian
We find the most general coupled scalar field Lagrangian linear in $\\Box\\phi$ and with a general kinetic term that contains cosmological scaling solutions, i.e. solutions on which the ratio of matter to field density and the equation of state remains constant. Scaling solutions of this kind may help solving the coincidence problem since in this case the presently observed ratio of matter to dark energy does not depend on initial conditions but rather on the theoretical parameters. Extending previous results we find that it is impossible to join in a single solution a matter era and the scaling attractor. This is an additional step towards finding the most general scaling Lagrangian within the Horndeski class, i.e. general scalar-tensor models with second order equations of motion.
Gomes, A R
Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power
Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States EXECUTIVE SUMMARY September 2010 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United...
Nanocrystalline Magnetic Components for Megawatt Scale High ...
Symposium, Advanced Materials for Power Electronics, Power Conditioning, and ... This scaling does not typically incur higher losses in the nancrystalline ... that will efficiently integrate into the next generation power grid distribution network.
Planet-scale Human Mobility Measurement
Research into, and design and construction of mobile systems and algorithms requires access to large-scale mobility data. Unfortunately, the wireless and mobile research community lacks such data. For instance, the largest available human contact traces contain only 100 nodes with very sparse connectivity, limited by experimental logistics. In this paper we pose a challenge to the community: how can we collect mobility data from billions of human participants? We re-assert the importance of large-scale datasets in communication network design, and claim that this could impact fundamental studies in other academic disciplines. In effect, we argue that planet-scale mobility measurements can help to save the world. For example, through understanding large-scale human mobility, we can track and model and contain the spread of epidemics of various kinds.
Pan Hui; Richard Mortier; Tristan Henderson; Jon Crowcroft
Program Management for Large Scale Engineering Programs
The goal of this whitepaper is to summarize the LAI research that applies to program management. The context of most of the research discussed in this whitepaper are large-scale engineering programs, particularly in the ...
Oehmen, Josef
Definition: Small Scale Wind | Open Energy Information
Small scale wind projects are typically defined as projects with capacity ratings of 1 - 100 kW.1 View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Related Terms wind power, wind energy,...
A Universal Scale of Apparent Temperature
Based on the total thermal resistance required by a human model to effect equilibrium, a scale is prepared showing apparent temperature for any combination of dry-bulb temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed and extra radiation likely to be ...
Robert G. Steadman
PROGRAM OPPORTUNITY NOTICE Community Scale Renewable Energy
PROGRAM OPPORTUNITY NOTICE Community Scale Renewable Energy Development, Deployment and Integration optimized community-specific renewable energy systems; develop the tools and models to quantify the impacts and benefits of increasing local renewable energy penetrations in California's communities; and develop
Property:Scale Test | Open Energy Information
Scale Test Scale Test Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Scale Test Property Type Text Pages using the property "Scale Test" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) M MHK Technologies/Aegir Dynamo + Prototype model has been constructed and tested in a specially designed wave tank MHK Technologies/AirWEC + They had to file a our SBIR Phase I technical report before we could conduct comprehensive open water testing MHK Technologies/Atlantis AN 150 + Atlantis conducted tow testing configuration optimisation and performance enhancement of the Nereus150 prior to offshore installation Tow testing took place in November 2007 and February 2008 the results of this testing were observed verified and validated by Black Veatch B V High correlation between the actual and predicted power output were observed during this testing It is noted that at higher flows the AN400 outperformed the predicted power generation performance during this testing
Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design Extreme Scale Computing, Co-design Computational co-design may facilitate revolutionary designs in the next generation of supercomputers. Get Expertise Tim Germann Physics and Chemistry of Materials Email Allen McPherson Energy and Infrastructure Analysis Email Turab Lookman Physics and Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Email Computational co-design involves developing the interacting components of a computational system as a whole. Informing system design, ensuring productive and efficient code Project Description To address the increasingly complex problems of the modern world, scientists at Los Alamos are pushing the scale of computing to the extreme, forming partnerships with other national laboratories and industry to
Genepool Time Heatmaps
Genepool Time Heatmaps Genepool Time Heatmaps Heatmap of Time and Slots Requested vs Time Waited (in hours) | Queue: All | Last 7 Days Time Requested Slots 1wk Job Count Longest Wait 1 23.0 (233) 0.37 (1819) 27.54 (49888) 5.85 (124593) 1.23 (39835) 0.34 (732) 0 0.4 (224) 0.02 (1) 217325 538.96 2 0 0.01 (19) 2.54 (78) 0.2 (140) 0.99 (2683) 0 0 0 0 2920 9.1 4 0.08 (1) 0 2.82 (141) 0.36 (143) 1.07 (12) 0.06 (5) 0.01 (5) 0.06 (1) 1.3 (5) 313 20.48 6 0.01 (2) 0 0.09 (32) 0.07 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 35 1.22 8 0.04 (24) 4.32 (7423) 5.31 (1999) 0.53 (316) 13.14 (2486) 0.01 (2) 1.21 (88) 1.3 (34) 8.33 (68) 12440 46.16 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.56 (1) 0 1 8.56 16 0 0 0 0.03 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.03 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 (1) 1 0.01 32 0 0 0 0.04 (14) 0 0 0 0.01 (6) 0 20 0.26
The 3D X-ray Crystal Microscope: An Unprecedented Tool for ICME
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2nd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering. Symposium, 2nd World Congress on Integrated�...
Materials on the brink: Unprecedented transforming materials www.low-hysteresis.caltech.edu
of California, Santa Barbara ! Chris J. Palmstrøm (Paul Simmonds2) ! Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey on Computation and Experimental Engineering and Science ! Sossina Haile delivers ! Lucy Pickett Lecturer
Unprecedented Scalability and Performance of the New NNSA Tri-Lab Linux Capacity Cluster 2
As one of the largest users of supercomputing resources in the world, capacity computing is a critical component in the NNSA's (National Nuclear Security Administration) Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program. The latest acquisitions in this ... Keywords: Scientific Applications, High Performance Computing, Parallel Architectures.
M. Rajan, D. W. Doerfler, P. T. Lin, S. D. Hammond, R. F. Barrett, C. T. Vaughan
Classifying forest productivity at different scales
Spatial scale is an important consideration when evaluating, using, or constructing forest productivity classifications. First, the factors which dominate spatial variability in forest productivity are scale dependent. For example, within a stand, spatial variability in productivity is dominated by microsite differences; within a national forest such as the Cherokee National Forest, spatial variability is dominated by topography and land-use history (e.g., years since harvest); within a large region such as the southeast, spatial variability is dominated by climatic patterns. Second, classifications developed at different spatial scales are often used for different purposes. For example, stand-level classifications are often keys or rules used in the field to judge the quality or potential of a site. National-forest classifications are often presented as maps or tables and may be used in forest land planning. Regional classifications may be maps or tables and may be used to quantify or predict resource availability. These scale-related differences in controlling factors and purposes will affect both the methods and the data used to develop classifications. In this paper, I will illustrate these points by describing and comparing three forest productivity classifications, each developed for a specific purpose at a specific scale. My objective is not to argue for or against any of these particular classifications but rather to heighten awareness of the critical role that spatial scale plays in the use and development of forest productivity classifications. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Graham, R.L.
The G-Scheme: A framework for multi-scale adaptive model reduction
The numerical solution of mathematical models for reaction systems in general, and reacting flows in particular, is a challenging task because of the simultaneous contribution of a wide range of time scales to the system dynamics. However, the dynamics ... Keywords: 02.30.Hq, 02.30.Jr, 02.60.-x, 02.70.2c, 37Lxx, 37Mxx, 47.70.Fw, 76V05, 80A30, 80A32, 82.40.-g, Model reduction, Multiple time scales, Singular perturbation analysis, Stiff problems
M. Valorani; S. Paolucci
Validation of a Composite Convective Index as Defined by a Real-Time Local Analysis System
Advances in remote sensing from earth- and spaceborne systems, expanded in situ observation networks, and increased low-cost computer capability will allow an unprecedented view of mesoscale weather systems from the local weather office. However, ...
John A. McGinley; Steven C. Albers; Peter A. Stamus
Optimal observation time window for forecasting the next earthquake
We report that the accuracy of predicting the occurrence time of the next earthquake is significantly enhanced by observing the latest rate of earthquake occurrences. The observation period that minimizes the temporal uncertainty of the next occurrence is on the order of 10 hours. This result is independent of the threshold magnitude and is consistent across different geographic areas. This time scale is much shorter than the months or years that have previously been considered characteristic of seismic activities.
Omi, Takahiro; Shinomoto, Shigeru [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Kanter, Ido [Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 (Israel)
Relating Pore-Scale Uranium Aquatic Speciation to Intermediate-Scale Aquifer Heterogeneity
The speciation and transport of uranium (VI) through porous media is highly dependent on solution conditions, the presence of complexing ligands, and the nature of the porous media. The dependency on many variables makes prediction of U transport in bench-scale experiments and in the field difficult. In particular, the identification of colloidal U phases poses a technical challenge. Transport of U in the presence and absence of natural organic matter (Suwannee River humic acid, SRHA) through silica sand and hematite coated silica sand was tested at pH 4 and 5 using static columns, where flow is controlled by gravity and residence time between advective pore volume exchanges can be strictly controlled. The column effluents were characterized by traditional techniques including ICPMS quantification of total [U] and [Fe], TOC analysis of [DOC], and pH analysis, and also by non-traditional techniques: flow field flow fractionation with online ICPMS detection (FlFFF-ICPMS) and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) characterization of effluent fractions. Key results include that the transport of U through the columns was enhanced by pre-equilibration with SRHA, and previously deposited U was remobilized by the addition of SRHA. The advanced techniques yielded important insights on the mechanisms of transport: FlFFF-ICPMS identified a U?SRHA complex as the mobile U species and directly quantified relative amounts of the complex, while specific UV absorbance (SUVA) measurements indicated a composition-based fractionation onto the porous media.
Ranville, James
Scaling law for the heating of solar coronal loops
We report preliminary results from a series of numerical simulations of the reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations, used to describe the dynamics of magnetic loops in active regions of the solar corona. A stationary velocity field is applied at the photospheric boundaries to imitate the driving action of granule motions. A turbulent stationary regime is reached, characterized by a broadband power spectrum $E_k\\simeq k^{-3/2}$ and heating rate levels compatible with the heating requirements of active region loops. A dimensional analysis of the equations indicates that their solutions are determined by two dimensionless parameters: the Reynolds number and the ratio between the Alfven time and the photospheric turnover time. From a series of simulations for different values of this ratio, we determine how the heating rate scales with the physical parameters of the problem, which might be useful for an observational test of this model.
Pablo Dmitruk; Daniel Gomez
Timed fast charger
In a charger for rechargeable electrochemical cells, a transformer charging circuit supplies a charging current to the battery at a fast charge rate for a predetermined time followed by a continuous slow charge rate. A normally closed automatic reset thermostat in series with the rectifier diodes in the charging circuit, and thermally coupled to them, opens after a period of time, dependent upon the heat generated by the rectifier diodes and upon the thermal mass of the thermostat and diodes, and terminates the fast charge current. A resistor, shunted across the thermostat and thermally coupled to it, establishes a slow charge rate current path when the thermostat opens. Heat generated in the resistor causes the thermostat to remain open as long as the battery is connected and ac power is supplied to the transformer primary winding.
Mullersman, F.H.
Internet Topology over Time
There are few studies that look closely at how the topology of the Internet evolves over time; most focus on snapshots taken at a particular point in time. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the topology of the Autonomous Systems graph of the Internet, examining how eight commonly-used topological measures change from January 2002 to January 2010. We find that the distributions of most of the measures remain unchanged, except for average path length and clustering coefficient. The average path length has slowly and steadily increased since 2005 and the average clustering coefficient has steadily declined. We hypothesize that these changes are due to changes in peering policies as the Internet evolves. We also investigate a surprising feature, namely that the maximum degree has changed little, an aspect that cannot be captured without modeling link deletion. Our results suggest that evaluating models of the Internet graph by comparing steady-state generated topologies to snapshots of the real data ...
Edwards, Benjamin; Stelle, George; Forrest, Stephanie
Space Time Matter inflation
We study a model of power-law inflationary inflation using the Space-Time-Matter (STM) theory of gravity for a five dimensional (5D) canonical metric that describes an apparent vacuum. In this approach the expansion is governed by a single scalar (neutral) quantum field. In particular, we study the case where the power of expansion of the universe is $p \\gg 1$. This kind of model is more successful than others in accounting for galaxy formation.
Mariano Anabitarte; Mauricio Bellini
Advanced coal gasifier designs using large-scale simulations
Porting of the legacy code MFIX to a high performance computer (HPC) and the use of high resolution simulations for the design of a coal gasifier are described here. MFIX is based on a continuum multiphase flow model that considers gas and solids to form interpenetrating continua. Low resolution simulations of a commercial scale gasifier with a validated MFIX model revealed interesting physical phenomena with implications on the gasifier design, which prompted the study reported here. To be predictive, the simulations need to model the spatiotemporal variations in gas and solids volume fractions, velocities, temperatures with any associated phase change and chemical reactions. These processes occur at various time- and length-scales requiring very high spatial resolution and large number of iterations with small time-steps. We were able to perform perhaps the largest known simulations of gas-solids reacting flows, providing detailed information about the gas-solids flow structure and the pressure, temperature and species distribution in the gasifier. One key finding is the new features of the coal jet trajectory revealed with the high spatial resolution, which provides information on the accuracy of the lower resolution simulations. Methodologies for effectively combining high and low resolution simulations for design studies must be developed. From a computational science perspective, we found that global communication has to be reduced to achieve scalability to 1000s of cores, hybrid parallelization is required to effectively utilize the multicore chips, and the wait time in the batch queue significantly increases the actual time-to-solution. From our experience, development is required in the following areas: efficient solvers for heterogeneous, massively parallel systems; data analysis tools to extract information from large data sets; and programming environments for easily porting legacy codes to HPC.
Syamlal, M [National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); Guenther, Chris [National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); Gel, Aytekin [Aeolus Research Inc.; Pannala, Sreekanth [ORNL
Tensor scale: An analytic approach with efficient computation and applications
Scale is a widely used notion in computer vision and image understanding that evolved in the form of scale-space theory where the key idea is to represent and analyze an image at various resolutions. Recently, we introduced a notion of local morphometric ... Keywords: Image filtering, Image interpolation, Local scale, Morphometry, Scale-space, Tensor scale
Ziyue Xu; Punam K. Saha; Soura Dasgupta
Statistical timing analysis using levelized covariance propagation considering systematic and random variations of process parameters
Variability in process parameters is making accurate timing analysis of nano-scale integrated circuits an extremely challenging task. In this article, we propose a new algorithm for statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) using levelized covariance ... Keywords: Process variation, spatial correlation, statistical timing analysis
Real-time Eulerian water simulation using a restricted tall cell grid
We present a new Eulerian fluid simulation method, which allows real-time simulations of large scale three dimensional liquids. Such scenarios have hitherto been restricted to the domain of off-line computation. To reduce computation time we use a hybrid ... Keywords: fluid simulation, multigrid, real time, tall cell grid
Nuttapong Chentanez; Matthias M�ller
Visualization and exploration of time-varying medical image data sets
In this work, we propose and compare several methods for the visualization and exploration of time-varying volumetric medical images based on the temporal characteristics of the data. The principle idea is to consider a time-varying data set as a 3D ... Keywords: medical imaging, multi-dimensional scaling, time-varying data, transfer function, volume rendering
Zhe Fang; Torsten M�ller; Ghassan Hamarneh; Anna Celler
Full-scale and bench-scale testing of a coal-fueled gas turbine system
Components for a coal-fueled industrial gas turbine were developed and tested at both benchscale and full-scale. The components included a two stage slagging combustor, a particulate rejection impact separator (PRIS), and a secondary particulate filter. The Integrated Bench Scale Test Facility (IBSTF) was used for the filter tests ana some of the PRIS testing. Full-scale combustor testing has been carried-out both with and without the PRIS. Bench-scale testing has included evaluating the feasibility of on-site CWM preparation, developing a water-cooled impactor and an extended run with new secondary candle filters.
Roberts, P.B.; LeCren, R.T.; Cowell, L.H.; Galica, M.A.; Stephenson, M.D.; Wen, C.S.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory Monte Carlo N-Particle radiation transport code, MCNP, is widely used around the world for many radiation protection and shielding applications. As a well-known standard it is also an excellent vehicle for assessing the relative performance of scientific computing platforms. Every three-to-four years a new version of MCNP is released internationally by the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. For each of the past few releases, we have also done a timing study to assess the progress of scientific computing platforms and software. These quadrennial timing studies are valuable to the radiation protection and shielding community because (a) they are performed by a recognized scientific team, not a computer vendor, (b) they use an internationally recognized code for radiation protection and shielding calculations, (c) they are eminently reproducible since the code and the test problems are internationally distributed. Further, if one has a computer platform, operating system, or compiler not presented in our results, its performance is directly comparable to the ones we report because it can use the same code, data, and test problems as we used. Our results, using a single processor per platform, indicate that hardware advances during the past three years have improved performance by less than a factor of two and software improvements have had a marginal effect on performance. The most significant impacts on performance have resulted from developments in multiprocessing and multitasking. The other most significant advance in the last three years has been the accelerated improvements in personal computers. In the last timing study, the tested personal computer was approximately a factor of four slower that the fastest machine tested, a DEC Alphastation 500. In the present study, the fastest PC tested was less than a factor of two slower than the fastest platform, which is a Compaq (previously DEC) Alpha XP1000.
The Objective Analysis of Planetary-Scale Flow
Forecast in the medium and longer range requires an accurate forecast of the scale flow. An accurate large-scale forecast requires an accurate, large-scale, initial, objective analysis. The present study examines the accuracy of large objective ...
Roger Daley; Werner Wergen; Gerard Cats
Interconnect scaling into the sub-10nm regime
Scaling of conventional interconnects faces two major challenges: increased effective copper resistivity at nano-scale linewidth, and degraded copper wire reliability at higher current density. Analysis shows that when the linewidth of Cu wire scales ...
Xiangyu Chen; Jiale Liang; H.-S. Philip Wong
Citizen implementation of sustainability measures at the neighborhood scale
There is the potential for citizens to make a profound impact on the sustainability of cities at the neighborhood scale. This is the scale that people relate to spatially, economically, and socially. It is also a scale ...
Heilke, Ingrid (Ingrid Elizabeth)
Method of producing exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, and nano-scaled graphene platelets
The present invention provides a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., graphite and graphite oxide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm. The method comprises (a) dispersing particles of graphite, graphite oxide, or a non-graphite laminar compound in a liquid medium containing therein a surfactant or dispersing agent to obtain a stable suspension or slurry; and (b) exposing the suspension or slurry to ultrasonic waves at an energy level for a sufficient length of time to produce separated nano-scaled platelets. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.
Zhamu, Aruna (Centerville, OH); Shi, Jinjun (Columbus, OH); Guo, Jiusheng (Centerville, OH); Jang, Bor Z. (Centerville, OH)
DOE's Office of Science Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Scientific
Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Scientific Computing DOE's Office of Science Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Scientific Computing May 16, 2005 - 12:47pm Addthis WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman announced today that DOE's Office of Science is seeking proposals to support innovative, large-scale computational science projects to enable high-impact advances through the use of advanced computers not commonly available in academia or the private sector. Projects currently funded are helping to reduce engine pollution and to improve our understanding of the stars and solar systems and human genetics. Successful proposers will be given the use of substantial computer time and data storage at the department's scientific
Breakthrough: MFiX: Building Industry-Scale Machines in a Virtual World |
Breakthrough: MFiX: Building Industry-Scale Machines in a Virtual Breakthrough: MFiX: Building Industry-Scale Machines in a Virtual World Breakthrough: MFiX: Building Industry-Scale Machines in a Virtual World July 11, 2012 - 1:34pm Addthis Mfix is open-source, virtual modeling software that makes coal gasification processes more efficient than was ever possible through lab tests. Modeling reduces the cost and time of testing and building actual systems and ultimately results in lower costs, improved power plant efficiency, and new energy systems that meet or even exceed current or proposed environmental regulations. View the entire Lab Breakthrough playlist. Michael Hess Michael Hess Former Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What is the future of MFiX? Ultimately, we see MFiX being used to solve industrial-scale
DOE's Office of Science Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale DOE's Office of Science Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Scientific Computing DOE's Office of Science Seeks Proposals for Expanded Large-Scale Scientific Computing May 16, 2005 - 12:47pm Addthis WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman announced today that DOE's Office of Science is seeking proposals to support innovative, large-scale computational science projects to enable high-impact advances through the use of advanced computers not commonly available in academia or the private sector. Projects currently funded are helping to reduce engine pollution and to improve our understanding of the stars and solar systems and human genetics. Successful proposers will be given the use of substantial computer time and data storage at the department's scientific
Space�Time Characteristics of Light Transmitted through Dense Clouds: A Green's Function Analysis
Here, previous work using photon diffusion theory to describe radiative transfer through dense plane-parallel clouds at nonabsorbing wavelengths is extended. The focus is on the scaling of space- and time-domain moments for transmitted light with ...
Anthony B. Davis; Alexander Marshak
Joint Reliability and Energy Management for Real-Time Embedded Systems.
?? The Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) technique is the basis of numerous state-of-the-art energy management schemes proposed for real-time embedded systems. However, recent research has� (more)
Zhao, Baoxian
A time-varying subsidence parameterization for the atmospheric boundary layer
This study examines the effect of a time-varying parameterization for subsidence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on a one-dimensional coupled land-atmosphere model. Measurements of large-scale divergence in the ABL ...
Flagg, David D. (David Douglas)
Medium Lead-Time Predictability of Intraseasonal Variability of Rainfall in West Africa
The variability of the West African monsoon on the intraseasonal time scale is a major issue for agricultural strategy, as the occurrence of dry spells can strongly impact yields of rain-fed crops. This study investigates this intraseasonal ...
Benjamin Sultan; Serge Janicot; Cyrille Correia
Real-time network traffic prediction based on a multiscale decomposition
The presence of the complex scaling behavior in network traffic makes accurate forecasting of the traffic a challenging task. In this paper we propose a multiscale decomposition approach to real time traffic prediction. The raw traffic data is first ...
Guoqiang Mao
Good Timing: NIST/CU Collaboration Adds Timing Capability ...
... With the added capability to track the timing of dynamic biochemical reactions, cell ... to measure sensor signals at two points in time at a rate of up to ...
A Time Bucket Formulation for the TSP with Time Windows
Nov 10, 2009 ... The Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSPTW) is the problem of finding a ... To obtain a good partition of the time windows, we.
Acid treatment removes zinc sulfide scale restriction
This paper reports that removal of zinc sulfide (ZnS) scale with acid restored an offshore Louisiana well's production to original rates. The zinc sulfide scale was determined to be in the near well bore area. The selected acid had been proven to control iron sulfide (FeS) scales in sour wells without causing harm to surface production equipment, tubing, and other downhole hardware. The successful removal of the blockage re-established previous production rates with a 105% increase in flowing tubing pressure. On production for a number of months, a high rate, high-pressure offshore well was experiencing unusually rapid pressure and rate declines. A small sample of the restrictive material was obtained during the wire line operations. The well was subsequently shut in while a laboratory analysis determined that zinc sulfide was the major component of the obstruction.
Biggs, K. (Kerr McGee Corp., Lafayette, LA (US)); Allison, D. (Otis Engineering Corp., Lafayette, LA (US)); Ford, W.G.F. (Halliburton Co., Duncan, OK (United States))
Locality and Scaling of Quenched Overlap Fermions
The overlap fermion offers the tremendous advantage of exact chiral symmetry on the lattice, but is numerically intensive. This can be made affordable while still providing large lattice volumes, by using coarse lattice spacing, given that good scaling and localization properties are established. Here, using overlap fermions on quenched Iwasaki gauge configurations, we demonstrate directly that the overlap Dirac operator's range is comfortably small in lattice units for each of the lattice spacings 0.20 fm, 0.17 fm, and 0.13 fm (and scales to zero in physical units in the continuum limit). In particular, our direct results contradict recent speculation that an inverse lattice spacing of 1 GeV is too low to have satisfactory localization. Furthermore, hadronic masses (available on the two coarser lattices) scale very well.
Terrence Draper; Nilmani Mathur; Jianbo Zhang; Andrei Alexandru; Ying Chen; Shao-Jing Dong; Ivan Horvath; Frank Lee; Sonali Tamhankar
A crude scaling law for lasertrons
The lasertron is under consideration in several laboratories as a promising new source of high-power microwaves that is competitive with conventional klystrons in its properties - particularly in efficiency. In this note, a crude scaling law for high-power lasertrons is derived based on the observation that the main limiting phenomenon, the phenomenon that curtails the tube's efficiency, is debunching due to longitudinal space-charge forces acting in the electron gun. The scaling law indicates that lasertrons are quite restricted in the power they can generate at high frequencies.
Rees, J.
Peristaltic pumps work in nano scales
A design for a pump is suggested which is based on well-known peristaltic pumps. In order to simply describe the operation of the proposed pump, an innovative interpretation of low Reynolds number swimmers is presented and thereafter a similar theoretical model would be suggested to quantify the behavior of the pumps. A coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation is used to examine the theoretical predictions and measure the efficiency of the pump in nano scales. It is shown that this pump with a modest design is capable of being a good option for transport processes in nano scale.
Farnoush Farahpour; Mohammad Reza Ejtehadi
Large-Scale PV Integration Study
This research effort evaluates the impact of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and distributed generation (DG) output on NV Energy�s electric grid system in southern Nevada. It analyzes the ability of NV Energy�s generation to accommodate increasing amounts of utility-scale PV and DG, and the resulting cost of integrating variable renewable resources. The study was jointly funded by the United States Department of Energy and NV Energy, and conducted by a project team comprised of industry experts and research scientists from Navigant Consulting Inc., Sandia National Laboratories, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NV Energy.
Lu, Shuai; Etingov, Pavel V.; Diao, Ruisheng; Ma, Jian; Samaan, Nader A.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Guo, Xinxin; Hafen, Ryan P.; Jin, Chunlian; Kirkham, Harold; Shlatz, Eugene; Frantzis, Lisa; McClive, Timothy; Karlson, Gregory; Acharya, Dhruv; Ellis, Abraham; Stein, Joshua; Hansen, Clifford; Chadliev, Vladimir; Smart, Michael; Salgo, Richard; Sorensen, Rahn; Allen, Barbara; Idelchik, Boris