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Utility rate change propagation is now much faster | OpenEI Community
Open Energy Info (EERE)
rate change propagation is now much faster rate change propagation is now much faster Home > Groups > Utility Rate Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 19 March, 2013 - 16:30 developer Semantic Mediawiki Utility Rates Good news, everyone! Changes to the utility rate template or fields cause small updates on all 29K+ utility rates on OpenEI, which takes time to process. Older versions of mediawiki and semantic mediawiki were not as efficient at handling these. Preliminary results after changing a field and tweaking job run speeds shows a ~60X improvement in speed. Changes to utility rates can now be propagated to the entire database in approximately 35 minutes - before it took more than one day. We are hopeful we will keep seeing various benefits from the upgrade process.
Change propagation in large technical systems
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Propagation of engineering changes has gained increasing scrutiny as the complexity and scale of engineered systems has increased. Over the past decade academic interest has risen, yielding some small-scale in-depth studies, ...
Giffin, Monica L. (Monica Lee)
Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate Testing of Single Crystal ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
increased. Recrystallized surface grains were also produced on NASAIR 100 specimens; and although the FCP rate increased, observations of bench marks on�...
Changes in heart rate variability during fainting
Studies of heart rate variability in people who faint may yield insights into normal physiologic mechanisms which probably are dynamic. These insights might be gained because fainting appears to be due to a breakdown of these mechanisms. Tilt table testing reliably induces fainting in patients with a history of fainting and can be used to study these mechanisms. During tilt tests ending in fainting heart rate changes markedly
Robert Sheldon; Kenneth Riff
An Alternative Approach to Estimating Rainfall Rate by Radar Using Propagation Differential Phase Shift
In this work it is shown that for frequencies from 3 to 13 GHz, the ratio of the specific propagation differential phase shift ?DP to the rainfall rate can be specified essentially independently of the form of the drop size distribution by a ...
A. R. Jameson
Extracting Rainfall Rates from X-band CDR Radar Data by Using Differential Propagation Phase Shift
In this paper, the method of using differential propagation phase shift ?? to measure rain rate R from X-band circular depolarization ratio (CDR) radar data is presented. The principle of this method is based on the fact that there is a ...
J. Tan; D. H. O. Bebbington; A. R. Holt; A. Hendry
Credit Rating Change Modeling Using News and Financial Ratios
Credit ratings convey credit risk information to participants in financial markets, including investors, issuers, intermediaries, and regulators. Accurate credit rating information plays a crucial role in supporting sound financial decision-making processes. ... Keywords: Credit rating changes, SVM, latent Dirichlet allocation, missing-tolerant multinomial probit, news coverage, news sentiment, topic-specific news coverage, topic-specific news sentiment
Hsin-Min Lu; Feng-Tse Tsai; Hsinchun Chen; Mao-Wei Hung; Shu-Hsing Li
35-GHz Dual-Polarization Propagation Link for Rain-Rate Estimation
A 35-GHz dual-polarization propagation link (DPPL) is described and initial measurements are presented. The instrument is essentially a small, low-power, portable, dual linearly polarized pulsed radar that provides differential attenuation ...
Christopher S. Ruf; Kultegin Aydin; Savyasachee Mathur; Justin P. Bobak
Effects of neutron irradiation on fatigue and creep-fatigue crack propagation in type 316 stainless steel at 649 degree C produced no significant effect on the crack propagation rate when compared with unirradiated steel tested at 649 degree C
The fatigue and creep-fatigue crack propagation performance of Type 316 stainless steel has been investigated following fast neutron (n) irradiation. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of neutron fluence and temperature on the crack propagation resistance and failure mode of the steel. Results are presented from fatigue tests of the annealed steel that were irradiated at 649 degree C Scanning electron microscope examination of the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens revealed that the failure mode of the specimens which exhibited increased crack propagation rates was primarily intergranular while a transgranular mode was observed for specimens with lower crack propagation rates. The results point toward a synergistic relationship between thermomechanical history, precipitate formation, and hold time effects as the responsible mechanism for the crack propagation performance.
Michel, D.J.; Smith, H.H.
Rate of Change of Heat Storage of the World Ocean
Results or a Fourier analysis of climatological fields of the monthly rate of change of heat storage for the world ocean are presented. The amplitude and Phase of the first harmonic are shown, as well as the percent variance of the annual cycle ...
Sydney Levitus
Health Relevant Outdoor Air Change Rates in Homes
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Health Relevant Outdoor Air Change Rates in Homes Health Relevant Outdoor Air Change Rates in Homes Speaker(s): Jan Sundell Date: February 6, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 The Damp Building and Health (DBH) study started as a cross-sectional questionnaire study of all 14000 children, 1-6 years of age in Värmland, Sweden. The response rate on the questionnaire (year 2001) was 79%, meaning that basic data exists on almost 12,000 children and their homes. In a second step a case-control study on 200 sick (wheezing, asthma, excema), and 200 healthy children, extensive measurements in the home, as well as clinical examinations of the children has been conducted during 2002. Ventilation has been measured with a passive tracer gas method during one week. The results will be presented in this seminar-- seemingly sick
Establishing Alternative Numerical Limits for Rate of Temperature Change
This report presents a review of scientific information relevant to justifying and quantifying limits on rate of temperature change to protect aquatic life, and it evaluates the type of information that would be needed to demonstrate an appropriate limit, if one exists. The report will be of value to environmental and generation managers within power companies, as well as regulators, natural resource managers, and environmentalists.
Influences of gaseous environment on low growth-rate fatigue crack propagation in steels. Annual report No. 1, January 1980. Report No. FPL/R/80/1030
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The influence of gaseous environment is examined on fatigue crack propagation behavior in steels. Specifically, a fully martensitic 300-M ultrahigh strength steel and a fully bainitic 2-1/4Cr-1Mo lower strength steel are investigated in environments of ambient temperature moist air and low pressure dehumidified hydrogen and argon gases over a wide range of growth rates from 10/sup -8/ to 10/sup -2/ mm/cycle, with particular emphasis given to behavior near the crack propagation threshold ..delta..K/sub 0/. It is found that two distinct growth rate regimes exist where hydrogen can markedly accelerate crack propagation rates compared to air, (1) at near-threshold levels below (5 x 10/sup -6/ mm/cycle) and (2) at higher growth rates, typically around 10/sup -5/ mm/cycle above a critical maximum stress intensity K/sub max//sup T/. Hydrogen-assisted crack propagation at higher growth rates is attributed to a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism, with K/sub max//sup T/ nominally equal to K/sub Iscc/ (the sustained load stress corrosion threshold) in high strength steels, and far below K/sub Iscc/ in the strain-rate sensitive lower strength steels. Hydrogen-assisted crack propagation at near-threshold levels is attributed to a new mechanism involving fretting-oxide-induced crack closure generated in moist (or oxygenated) environments. The absence of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms at near-threshold levels is supported by tests showing that ..delta..K/sub 0/ values in dry gaseous argon are similar to ..delta..K/sub 0/ values in hydrogen. The potential ramifications of these results are examined in detail.
Ritchie, R.O.; Suresh, S.; Toplosky, J.
Fracture Propagation and Permeability Change under Poro-thermoelastic Loads & Silica Reactivity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems
SciTech Connect
Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Therefore, knowledge of the conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importance. Furthermore, in the absence of natural fractures or adequate connectivity, artificial fractures are created in the reservoir using hydraulic fracturing. Multiple fractures are preferred because of the large size necessary when using only a single fracture. Although the basic idea is rather simple, hydraulic fracturing is a complex process involving interactions of high pressure fluid injections with a stressed hot rock mass, mechanical interaction of induced fractures with existing natural fractures, and the spatial and temporal variations of in-situ stress. As a result, it is necessary to develop tools that can be used to study these interactions as an integral part of a comprehensive approach to geothermal reservoir development, particularly enhanced geothermal systems. In response to this need we have developed advanced poro-thermo-chemo-mechanical fracture models for rock fracture research in support of EGS design. The fracture propagation models are based on a regular displacement discontinuity formulation. The fracture propagation studies include modeling interaction of induced fractures. In addition to the fracture propagation studies, two-dimensional solution algorithms have been developed and used to estimate the impact of pro-thermo-chemical processes on fracture permeability and reservoir pressure. Fracture permeability variation is studied using a coupled thermo-chemical model with quartz reaction kinetics. The model is applied to study quartz precipitation/dissolution, as well as the variation in fracture aperture and pressure. Also, a three-dimensional model of injection/extraction has been developed to consider the impact poro- and thermoelastic stresses on fracture slip and injection pressure. These investigations shed light on the processes involved in the observed phenomenon of injection pressure variation (e.g., in Coso), and allow the assessment of the potential of thermal and chemical stimulation strategies.
Ahmad Ghassemi
Combining Local Search and Constraint Propagation to find a minimal change solution for a Dynamic CSP
CSP Nico Roos, Yongping Ran, and Jaap van den Herik Universiteit Maastricht , Institute for Knowledge may change over time. Each separate change may invoke a new CSP formulation. The resulting sequence of CSPs is denoted as a Dynamic CSP. A valid solution of one CSP in the sequence need not be a solution
Roos, Nico
Global Lightning Variations Caused by Changes in Thunderstorm Flash Rate and by Changes in the Number of Thunderstorms
Global lightning activity is highly variable on many timescales. This variability is attributable to changes in the flash rate per thunderstorm, the number of thunderstorms, or a combination. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission provides ...
E. Williams; K. Rothkin; D. Stevenson; D. Boccippio
Changing Expendable Bathythermograph Fall Rates and Their Impact on Estimates of Thermosteric Sea Level Rise
A time-varying warm bias in the global XBT data archive is demonstrated to be largely due to changes in the fall rate of XBT probes likely associated with small manufacturing changes at the factory. Deep-reaching XBTs have a different fall rate ...
Susan E. Wijffels; Josh Willis; Catia M. Domingues; Paul Barker; Neil J. White; Ann Gronell; Ken Ridgway; John A. Church
Heart Rate Regulation processed through wavelet analysis and change detection. Some case studies
Heart Rate Regulation processed through wavelet analysis and change detection. Some case studies-mail: email@example.com December 29, 2010 Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of the regulation of the heart engine, Task Force (1996). This study compares the regulation of the heart in two
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Rate of change of pressure temperature protection system for a turbine
In a steam turbine being driven from a source of the steam, a control system is described for protecting the turbine from undesirable steam pressure variation comprising: a. means for establishing an acceptable range of variation of actual steam pressure, b. means coupled to the acceptable pressure range establishing means for generating a first alarm signal only if the actual steam pressure is outside the acceptable range, c. means for generating a second signal representing an acceptable rate of change of the actual pressure, and d. means coupled to the first alarm signal generating means and the second signal generating means for generating a second alarm signal only if the actual rate of change of steam pressure exceeds the acceptable rate of change and the actual steam pressure is outside of the acceptable range of steam pressure variation.
Vecchio, R.J.; Gram, J.A.
Changing Ventilation Rates in U.S. Offices: Implications for Health, Work
Changing Ventilation Rates in U.S. Offices: Implications for Health, Work Changing Ventilation Rates in U.S. Offices: Implications for Health, Work Performance, Energy, and Associated Economics Title Changing Ventilation Rates in U.S. Offices: Implications for Health, Work Performance, Energy, and Associated Economics Publication Type Journal Article Refereed Designation Refereed LBNL Report Number LBNL-5035E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Fisk, William J., Douglas R. Black, and Gregory Brunner Journal Building and Environment Volume 47 Pagination 368-372 Date Published 01/2012 Keywords cost-benefit analysis, economizer, health, office, ventilation rate, work performance Abstract This paper provides quantitative estimates of benefits and costs of providing different amounts of outdoor air ventilation in U.S. offices. For four scenarios that modify ventilation rates, we estimated changes in sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, work performance, short-term absence, and building energy consumption. The estimated annual economic benefits were $13 billion from increasing minimum ventilation rates (VRs) from 8 to 10 L/s per person, $38 billion from increasing minimum VRs from 8 to 15 L/s per person, and $33 billion from increasing VRs by adding outdoor air economizers for the 50% of the office floor area that currently lacks economizers. The estimated $0.04 billion in annual energy-related benefits of decreasing minimum VRs from 8 to 6.5 L/s per person are very small compared to the projected annual costs of $12 billion. Benefits of increasing minimum VRs far exceeded energy costs while adding economizers yielded health, performance, and absence benefits with energy savings.
Planning & Projects Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates You are here: SN Home page > Power Marketing > RATES Rates and Repayment Services Rates Current Rates Power Revenue Requirement Worksheet (FY 2014) (Oct 2013 - Sep 2014) (PDF - 30K) PRR Notification Letter (Sep 27, 2013) (PDF - 959K) FY 2012 FP% True-Up Calculations(PDF - 387K) Variable Resource Scheduling Charge FY12-FY16 (October 1, 2012) PRR Forecast FY14-FY17 (May 23, 2013) (PDF - 100K) Forecasted Transmission Rates (May 2013) (PDF - 164K) Past Rates 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Historical CVP Transmission Rates (April 2013) (PDF - 287K) Rate Schedules Power - CV-F13 - CPP-2 Transmission - CV-T3 - CV-NWT5 - PACI-T3 - COTP-T3 - CV-TPT7 - CV-UUP1 Ancillary - CV-RFS4 - CV-SPR4 - CV-SUR4 - CV-EID4 - CV-GID1 Federal Register Notices - CVP, COTP and PACI
Marketing > RATES Marketing > RATES RATES Current Rates Past Rates 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Rates Schedules Power CV-F13 CPP-2 Transmissions CV-T3 CV-NWT5 PACI-T3 COTP-T3 CV-TPT7 CV-UUP1 Ancillary CV-RFS4 CV-SPR4 CV-SUR4 CV-EID4 CV-GID1 Future and Other Rates SNR Variable Resource Scheduling Charge FY12-FY16 (October 1, 2012) SNR Rates Process Calendar (PDF - 171K) Procedures Informal Process Transmission Action Items List (PDF - 144K) Power Action Item List updated on 4-27-10 (PDF - 155K) Power Action Item List (Quick links to relevant documents) Formal Process Rates Brochure (01/11/2011) (PDF - 900K) Appendix A - Federal Register Notice (01/03/2011) (PDF - 8000K) Appendix B - Central Valley Project Power Repayment Study (PDF - 22,322K) Appendix C - Development of the CVP Cost of Service Study (PDF - 2038K)
Dynamic Control of Lab Air Change Rates using Multiplexed IEQ Monitoring
Dynamic Control of Lab Air Change Rates using Multiplexed IEQ Monitoring Dynamic Control of Lab Air Change Rates using Multiplexed IEQ Monitoring Speaker(s): Gordon P. Sharp Date: October 14, 2005 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Many aspects of a lab are monitored today in real time such as HVAC equipment operation and lab airflow quantities. However, the quality of lab room airflow or more specifically, the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) performance of a lab, beyond just temperature or perhaps humidity, is rarely monitored due to sensor cost and calibration issues. This is unfortunate, since detailed IEQ monitoring data can be used to substantially reduce lab energy consumption, increase lab safety and with some additional analysis, this data can be used to perform effective continuous commissioning. This presentation discusses a new type of real
RATES RATES Rates Document Library SNR Rates Process Calendar (PDF - 171K) Procedures Informal Process Transmission Action Items List (PDF - 144K) Power Action Item List updated on 4-27-10 (PDF - 155K) Power Action Item List (Quick links to relevant documents) Formal Process Rates Brochure (01/11/2011) (PDF - 900K) Appendix A - Federal Register Notice (01/03/2011) (PDF - 8000K) Appendix B - Central Valley Project Power Repayment Study (PDF - 22,322K) Appendix C - Development of the CVP Cost of Service Study (PDF - 2038K) Appendix D - Western Transmission System Facilities Map (PDF - 274K) Appendix E - Estimated FY12 FP and BR Customer (PDF - 1144K) Appendix F - Forecasted Replacements and Additions FY11 - FY16 (PDF - 491K) Appendix G - Definitions (PDF - 1758K) Appendix H - Acronyms (PDF - 720K)
A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant
In this paper we derive a bound on the rate of change of the gravitational constant G coming from the pulsating white dwarf G117-B15A. This star is a ZZ Ceti pulsator extensively studied with astroseismological techniques for last three decades. The most recent determination of {\\dot P} = (2.3 \\pm 1.4) * 10^{-15} s/s^{-1} for the 215.2s fundamental mode agrees very well with predictions of the best fit theoretical model. The rate of change of the oscillation period can be explained by two effects: the cooling (dominant factor) and change of gravitational binding energy (residual gravitational contraction). Since the white dwarfs are pulsating in g-modes whose frequencies are related to the Brunt-Vaisala frequency (explicitly dependent on G) observational determination of the change of the period (more precisely the difference between observed and calculated \\dot P) can be used to set the upper bound on the rate of change of G. In the light of the current data concerning G117-B15A we derive the following bound: |{\\frac {\\dot G}{G}}| \\leq 4.10 \\times 10^{-10} yr^{-1}. Our result is model independent in the sense that it does not need to invoke a concrete physical theory (such like Brans-Dicke theory)underlying the temporal variability of G. We also demonstrate that varying gravitational constant G does not modify cooling of white dwarfs in a significant way. This result implies that some earlier claims present in the literature that varying G can be reflected in the WD luminosity function are not correct.
Marek Biesiada; Beata Malec
High cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation behavior of ...
And fatigue crack propagation rates of modified A7075 showed slightly lower. Those superior fatigue strength and resistance of fatigue crack propagation of�...
Propagation of trust and distrust
A (directed) network of people connected by ratings or trust scores, and a model for propagating those trust scores, is a fundamental building block in many of today's most successful e-commerce and recommendation systems. We develop a framework of trust ... Keywords: distrust, trust propagation, web of trust
R. Guha; Ravi Kumar; Prabhakar Raghavan; Andrew Tomkins
Chamber propagation
Propagation of a heavy ion beam to the target appears possible under conditions thought to be realizable by several reactor designs. Beam quality at the lens is believed to provide adequate intensity at the target -- but the beam must pass through chamber debris and its self fields along the way. This paper reviews present consensus on propagation modes and presents recent results on the effects of photoionization of the beam ions by thermal x-rays from the heated target. Ballistic propagation through very low densities is a conservative mode. The more-speculative self-pinched mode, at 1 to 10 Torr, offers reactor advantages and is being re-examined by others. 13 refs.
Langdon, B.
Neutron Capture Rates near A=130 which Effect a Global Change to the r-Process Abundance Distribution
We investigate the impact of neutron capture rates near the A=130 peak on the r-process abundance pattern. We show that these capture rates can alter the abundances of individual nuclear species, not only in the region of A=130 peak but also throughout the abundance pattern. We discuss in general the nonequilibrium processes that produce these abundance changes and determine which capture rates have the most significant impact.
Surman, Rebecca [Union College; Beun, Joshua [North Carolina State University; Mclaughlin, Gail C [North Carolina State University; Hix, William Raphael [ORNL
We investigate the impact of neutron capture rates near the A=130 peak on the $r$-process abundance pattern. We show that these capture rates can alter the abundances of individual nuclear species, not only in the region of A=130 peak, but also throughout the abundance pattern. We discuss the nonequilibrium processes that produce these abundance changes and determine which capture rates have the most significant impact.
R. Surman; J. Beun; G. C. McLaughlin; W. R. Hix
Test of the Specific Differential Propagation Phase Shift (KDP) Technique for Rain-Rate Estimation with a Ku-Band Rain Radar
The variation in drop size distribution (DSD) and the attenuation at higher frequencies are the two major impairments for quantitative rain-rate estimation. The sensitivity of rain-rate estimators (such as reflectivity factor Z, differential ...
K. Isiah Timothy; Toshio Iguchi; Yuji Ohsaki; Hiroaki Horie; Hiroshi Hanado; Hiroshi Kumagai
Changes in the halo formation rates due to features in the primordial spectrum
Features in the primordial scalar power spectrum provide a possible roadway to describe the outliers at the low multipoles in the WMAP data. Apart from the CMB angular power spectrum, these features can also alter the matter power spectrum and, thereby, the formation of the large scale structure. Carrying out a complete numerical analysis, we investigate the effects of primordial features on the formation rates of the halos. We consider a few different inflationary models that lead to features in the scalar power spectrum and an improved fit to the CMB data, and analyze the corresponding imprints on the formation of halos. Performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis with the WMAP seven year data and the SDSS halo power spectrum from LRG DR7 for the models of our interest, we arrive at the parameter space of the models allowed by the data. We illustrate that, inflationary potentials, such as the quadratic potential with sinusoidal modulations and the axion monodromy model, which generate certain repeated, oscillatory features in the inflationary perturbation spectrum, do not induce a substantial difference in the number density of halos at their best fit values, when compared with, say, a nearly scale invariant spectrum as is generated by the standard quadratic potential. However, we find that the number density and the formation rates of halos change by about 13-22% for halo masses ranging over 10^4-10^14 solar mass, for potential parameters that lie within 2-sigma around the best fit values arrived at from the aforesaid joint constraints. We briefly discuss the implications of our results.
Dhiraj Kumar Hazra
Performance of Transmission Rate Changing in Ad-Hoc Networks May 2, 2007
of dynamic rate selection to conserve power and increase the lifetime of such a network. Dynamic rate's available battery power. Transmitting at a lower rate consumes less power, but causes data to travel more with no power management. In addition, the dynamic rate selection algorithm enabled 7.5 times more packets
Pittsburgh, University of
Direct Evidence of a Changing Fall-Rate Bias in XBTs Manufactured during 1986�2008
This paper presents direct evidence of systematic depth errors consistent with a fall-rate bias in 52 temperature profiles collected using expendable bathythermographs (XBTs). The profiles were collected using the same recording system and under ...
Pedro N. DiNezio; Gustavo J. Goni
Historical changes in US dollar exchange rate and real value of oil
Oil prices relative to world currencies are now at unprecedented lows, as shown by a price analysis that incorporates the effect of US dollar exchange rates on the value of oil. A commodity-based analysis corroborates this exchange-rate analysis. The value of oil today on world markets is even below its 1969 level (the nadir of the previous oil bust). The inflation-corrected price of oil (using the producer price index) in the US has increased 130% since 1969. However, the US dollar has lost over 40% of its value relative to G-7 currencies since abandonment of the Bretton Woods agreement in 1971. Therefore, the real value of oil an international markets is 20% below its 1969 level. Since 1988 alone, the dollar has lost 16% relative to the G-7 currencies. Oil producing countries are taking extreme revenue cuts caused by the eroding US dollar.
DeMis, W.D. (Marathon Oil Co., Midland, TX (United States))
Proposed changes in interest rate criteria and the amortization method for repayment of federal hydro-power investments
Where review of government policies followed in charging interest on unrepaid investment (32% of total program cost) disclosed those interest rates were less than cost to the US Treasury to borrow funds to finance federal programs, IG recommended consideration of policy changes to recover interest costs on new project more closely to true costs, i.e., perhaps use of a weighted average over entire construction period. Also, a policy to amortize all unrepaid investments on a simultaneous basis should be developed. Comments are appended from the Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications, and from the Director of the Office of Power Regulation, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. (PSB)
Not Available
Regional economic impacts of changes in electricity rates resulting from Western Area Power Administration`s power marketing alternatives
This technical memorandum describes an analysis of regional economic impacts resulting from changes in retail electricity rates due to six power marketing programs proposed by Western Area Power Administration (Western). Regional economic impacts of changes in rates are estimated in terms of five key regional economic variables: population, gross regional product, disposable income, employment, and household income. The REMI (Regional Impact Models, Inc.) and IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning) models simulate economic impacts in nine subregions in the area in which Western power is sold for the years 1993, 2000, and 2008. Estimates show that impacts on aggregate economic activity in any of the subregions or years would be minimal for three reasons. First, the utilities that buy power from Western sell only a relatively small proportion of the total electricity sold in any of the subregions. Second, reliance of Western customers on Western power is fairly low in each subregion. Finally, electricity is not a significant input cost for any industry or for households in any subregion.
Allison, T.; Griffes, P.; Edwards, B.K.
A new measurement technique for tracking voltage phasors, local system frequency, and rate of change of frequency
With the advent of Substation Computer Systems dedicated to protection, control and data logging functions in a Substation, it becomes possible to develop new applications which can utilize the processing power available within the substation. The microcomputer based Symmetrical Component Distance Relay (SCDR) described in the references cited at the end of this paper possesses certain characteristics which facilitate real-time monitoring of positive sequence voltage phasor at the local power system bus. With a regression analysis the frequency and rate-of-change of frequency at the bus can also be determined from the positive sequence voltage phase angle. This paper describes the theoretical basis of these computations and describes results of experiments performed in the AEP power system simulation laboratory. Plans for future field tests on the AEP system are also outlined.
Phadke, A.G.; Adamiak, M.G.; Thorp, J.S.
Changing ventilation rates in U.S. offices: Implications for health, work performance, energy, and associated economics
This paper provides quantitative estimates of benefits and costs of providing different amounts of outdoor air ventilation in U.S. offices. For four scenarios that modify ventilation rates, we estimated changes in sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, work performance, short-term absence, and building energy consumption. The estimated annual economic benefits were $13 billion from increasing minimum ventilation rates (VRs) from 8 to 10 L/s per person, $38 billion from increasing minimum VRs from 8 to 15 L/s per person, and $33 billion from increasing VRs by adding outdoor air economizers for the 50% of the office floor area that currently lacks economizers. The estimated $0.04 billion in annual energy-related benefits of decreasing minimum VRs from 8 to 6.5 L/s per person are very small compared to the projected annual costs of $12 billion. Benefits of increasing minimum VRs far exceeded energy costs while adding economizers yielded health, performance, and absence benefits with energy savings.
Fisk, William; Black, Douglas; Brunner, Gregory
The Influence of Propagating Waves on Cross-Stream Excursions
A kinematic model is developed to examine the relationship between meander propagation and Lagrangian pressure change within a meandering jet. Basically, the model equates changes in pressure along the path of a water parcel with the cross-stream ...
M. Susan Lozier; Timothy J. Bold; Amy S. Bower
Propagation of Trust and Distrust
A network of people connected by directed ratings or trust scores, and a model for propagating those trust scores, is a fundamental building block in many of today's most successful e-commerce and recommendation systems. In eBay, such a model of trust has significant influence on the price an item may command. In Epinions (epinions.com), conclusions drawn from the web of trust are linked to many behaviors of the system, including decisions on items to which each user is exposed. We develop a framework of trust propagation schemes, each of which may be appropriate in certain circumstances, and evaluate the schemes on a large trust network consisting of 800K trust scores expressed among 130K people. We show that a small number of expressed trusts/distrust per individual allows us to predict reliably trust between any two people in the system with high accuracy: a quadratic increase in actionable information. Our work appears to be the first to incorporate distrust in a computational trust propagation setting.
Generalized survey propagation
Survey propagation (SP) has recently been discovered as an efficient algorithm in solving classes of hard constraint-satisfaction problems (CSP). Powerful as it is, SP is still a heuristic algorithm, and further understanding its algorithmic nature, ...
Ronghui Tu / Yongyi Mao, Jiying Zhao
Utility Rate | OpenEI Community
Utility Rate Utility Rate Home > Utility Rate > Posts by term > Utility Rate Content Group Activity By term Q & A Feeds Term: developer Type Term Title Author Replies Last Post sort icon Blog entry developer Utility Rates API Version 2 is Live! Sfomail 17 May 2013 - 11:14 Discussion developer Utility rate change propagation is now much faster Rmckeel 1 21 Mar 2013 - 09:11 Blog entry developer OpenEI maintenance March 8-9, 2013 Rmckeel 8 Mar 2013 - 14:23 Blog entry developer Semantic Mediawiki Semantic Forms update Rmckeel 22 Oct 2012 - 07:23 Discussion developer Increasing ask query limit Rmckeel 1 28 Jun 2012 - 14:35 Groups Menu You must login in order to post into this group. Recent content FYI, OpenEI now accommodates t... Very useful information. Thank...
Effect of a Change of Atmospheric Stability on the Growth Rate of Puffs Used in Plume Simulation Models
The dependence of plume growth rate on plume size is discussed. It is shown that the growth rates estimated by techniques used in some widely distributed puff models can be in error by as much as two orders of magnitude, although the errors are ...
F. L. Ludwig
Air-Sea Interaction as a Propagator of Equatorial Ocean Surface Temperature Anomalies
The westward propagation of equatorial sea surface temperature anomalies exceeds the surface drift velocity and is probably associated with propagating changes in the depth of the surface mixed layer and upper thermocline. These can be caused by ...
Eric B. Kraus; Howard P. Hanson
Changes in long-term no-till corn growth and yield under different rates of stover mulch
Received for publication January 4, 2006. Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) stover for biofuel production may affect crop yields by altering soil properties. A partial stover removal may be feasible, but information on appropriate rates of removal is unavailable. We assessed the short-term impacts of stover management on long-term no-till (NT) continuous corn grown on a Rayne silt loam (fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) at Coshocton, Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) at Hoytville, and Celina silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) at South Charleston in Ohio, and predicted corn yield from soil properties using principal component analysis (PCA). The study was conducted in 2005 on the ongoing experiments started in May 2004 under 0 (T0), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 75 (T75), 100 (T100), and 200 (T200)% of stover corresponding to 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 10.00 Mg ha-1 of stover, respectively. Stover removal promoted early emergence and rapid seedling growth (P Stover management affected corn yield only at the Coshocton site where average grain and stover yields in the T200, T100, T75, and T50 (10.8 and 10.3 Mg ha-1) were higher than those in the T0 and T25 treatments (8.5 and 6.5 Mg ha-1) (P stover removal at rates as low as 50% (2.5 Mg ha-1) decreased crop yields. Soil properties explained 71% of the variability in grain yield and 33% of the variability in stover yield for the Coshocton site. Seventeen months after the start of the experiment, effects of stover management on corn yield and soil properties were site-specific.
Blanco-Canqui, Dr. Humberto [Ohio State University, The, Columbus; Lal, Dr. Rattan [Ohio State University, The, Columbus; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Owens, Lloyd [U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Multi-Scale Models of Crack Propagation and Their Use in ...
The rate of propagation is determined by fracture phenomena coupled over four ... scale, the microstructure of the material determines the resistance to fracture.
Rail Coal Transportation Rates
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
figure data Figure 7 shows the percent change in average real rates for those state-to-state ... Estimated transportation rates for coal delivered to electric ...
Effective Rate Period
10012012 - 09302013 Mid-Year Changes (if applicable) 10012012 - 09302013 Power Rates Annual Revenue Requirement Rate Schedule Power Revenue Requirement 73,381,487...
Effects of ozone exposure on 'Golden' papaya fruit by photoacoustic phase-resolved method: Physiological changes associated with carbon dioxide and ethylene emission rates during ripening
This work addresses the effects of ozone activity on the physiology of 'Golden' papaya fruit. Depth profile analysis of double-layer biological samples was accomplished using the phase-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated by singling out the spectra of the cuticle and the pigment layers of papaya fruit. The same approach was used to monitor changes occurring on the fruit during ripening when exposed to ozone. In addition, one has performed real time studies of fluorescence parameters and the emission rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene. Finally, the amount of pigments and the changes in waxy cuticle have been monitored. Results indicate that a fruit deliberately subjected to ozone at a level of 6 ppmv underwent ripening sooner (at least 24-48 h) than a fruit stored at ambient conditions. Moreover, ozone caused a reduction in the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic apparatus located within the skin of papaya fruit.
Correa, Savio Figueira; Brito Paiva, Luisa; Mota do Couto, Flavio; Gomes da Silva, Marcelo; Silva Sthel, Marcelo; Vargas, Helion [Laboratorio de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque California 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Mota, Leonardo [Laboratorio de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque California 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Fraunhofer Institut fuer Bauphysik, Nobelstrasse 12, Vaihingen 70569, Stuttgart, Baden Wuerttemberg (Germany); Goncalves de Oliveira, Jurandi [Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque California 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Miklos, Andras [Fraunhofer Institut fuer Bauphysik, Nobelstrasse 12, Vaihingen 70569, Stuttgart, Baden Wuerttemberg (Germany)
Electromagnetic Nature of Thermo-Mechanical Mass-Energy Transfer Due to Photon Diffusive Re-Emission and Propagation
energy transfer (i.e., via photon propagation) and commensurate mass-transfer trough material systems (parabolic differential equation), allowing infinite speed of thermal energy propagation (i.e., a change
Kostic, Milivoje M.
Standard and routine metabolic rates of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus), including the effects of body mass and acute temperature change
H. Gruber. 1989. The metabolic rate of an active, tropical1999. Oxygen consumption rate and swimming efficiency of theroutine oxygen consump- tion rates of the bonnethead shark.
Dowd, William Wesley; Brill, R W; Bushnell, P G; Musick, J A
Gas Explosion Characterization, Wave Propagation
of nuclear power plants. However, an evi- dent lack of knowledge in the field had demanded for a detaileds & Dt^boooo^j Risø-R-525 Gas Explosion Characterization, Wave Propagation (Small-Scale Experiments EXPLOSION CHARACTERIZATION, WAVE PROPAGATION (Small-Scale Experiments) G.C. Larsen Abstract. A number
Propagating vs. Non-propagating Madden-Julian Oscillation Events
Basin-wide convective anomalies over the Indian Ocean (IO) associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) sometimes propagate eastward and reach the west Pacific (WP), but sometimes do not. Long-term observations and reanalysis products are ...
Daehyun Kim; Jong-Seong Kug; Adam H. Sobel
On the propagation of a coupled saturation and pressure front
Using an asymptotic technique, valid for a medium with smoothly varying heterogeneity, I derive an expression for the velocity of a propagating, coupled saturation and pressure front. Due to the nonlinearity of the governing equations, the velocity of the propagating front depends upon the magnitude of the saturation and pressure changes across the front in addition to the properties of the medium. Thus, the expression must be evaluated in conjunction with numerical reservoir simulation. The propagation of the two-phase front is governed by the background saturation distribution, the saturation-dependent component of the fluid mobility, the porosity, the permeability, the capillary pressure function, the medium compressibility, and the ratio of the slopes of the relative permeability curves. Numerical simulation of water injection into a porous layer saturated with a nonaqueous phase liquid indicates that two modes of propagation are important. The fastest mode of propagation is a pressure-dominated disturbance that travels through the saturated layer. This is followed, much later, by a coupled mode with a large saturation change. These two modes are also observed in a simulation using a heterogeneous porous layer. A comparison between the propagation times estimated from the results of the numerical simulation and predictions from the asymptotic expression indicates overall agreement.
Vasco, D. W.
Laser Shock Induced Changes in Microstructure, Residual Stress ...
... near-surface microstructural changes through shockwaves, thereby leading to dramatic improvements in fatigue and crack propagation resistance of alloys.
Reconstruction of nonlinear wave propagation
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Disclosed are systems and methods for characterizing a nonlinear propagation environment by numerically propagating a measured output waveform resulting from a known input waveform. The numerical propagation reconstructs the input waveform, and in the process, the nonlinear environment is characterized. In certain embodiments, knowledge of the characterized nonlinear environment facilitates determination of an unknown input based on a measured output. Similarly, knowledge of the characterized nonlinear environment also facilitates formation of a desired output based on a configurable input. In both situations, the input thus characterized and the output thus obtained include features that would normally be lost in linear propagations. Such features can include evanescent waves and peripheral waves, such that an image thus obtained are inherently wide-angle, farfield form of microscopy.
Fleischer, Jason W; Barsi, Christopher; Wan, Wenjie
Sound propagation around underwater seamounts
In the ocean, low frequency acoustic waves propagate with low attenuation and cylindrical spreading loss over long-ranges, making them an effective tool for underwater source localization, tomography, and communications. ...
Sikora, Joseph J., III
Propagation in nonlocal optical potentials
It is shown that a nonlocal optical potential implies multiple eigenmode propagation. This is important when the mean free path becomes of the order of the nonlocality, such as in the strong absorption situation occurring for pion scattering near the 3-3 resonance, and consequently the propagation cannot be described reasonably by one complex wave number. The eigenmode structure can be seen most directly in quasielastic scattering.
Lenz, F.; Moniz, E.J.
Propagation and Transmission of Alfven Waves in Rotating Magnetars
We study the propagation and transmission of Alfven waves in the context of cylindrical geometry. This approximates the polar cap region of aligned pulsar with strong magnetic fields. Non-propagating region appears in the presence of rotation. The displacement current further prevents the low frequency modes from propagating near the stellar surface. The transmission rates to the exterior through the surface are calculated. The rates increase with the frequency and the magnetic field strength. The transmission also depends on the helicity states of the waves, but the difference becomes small in the high frequency regime. We also point out the possibility of the spin-up by outgoing wave emission in the low frequency regime, if a certain condition holds.
Yasufumi Kojima; Taishi Okita
Rainfall-Induced Changes in Actual Surface Backscattering Cross Sections and Effects on Rain-Rate Estimates by Spaceborne Precipitation Radar
In this study, the authors used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar (TRMM PR) data to investigate changes in the actual (attenuation corrected) surface backscattering cross section (?0e) due to changes in surface conditions ...
Shinta Seto; Toshio Iguchi
A lattice model of fashion propagation with correlation analysis
Spatial and temporal changes in fashion are very complicated in an information-oriented society. In this article, we introduce a lattice model of fashion which is composed of two competing trends. Simulation is carried out by two methods: local and global ... Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation, correlation function, fashion propagation, mean-field theory
Takahisa Kawai; Yousuke Tadokoro; Kei-ichi Tainaka; Taro Hayashi; Jin Yoshimura
Propagators in Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics
A discussion of propagators (Green's functions) and methods for calculating them for the simplest systems in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is given from several points of view. The relevance of such techniques to partition function calculations is pointed out. Finally
Laurent A. Beauregard
Propagation of Tracer Signals in Boundary Currents
The propagation of a range of tracer signals in a simple model of the deep western boundary current is examined. Analytical expressions are derived in certain limits for the transit-time distributions and the propagation times (tracer ages) of ...
Darryn W. Waugh; Timothy M. Hall
Rossby Wave Propagation an Beta-Planes
The numerical modeling of stratospheric, quasi-geostrophic Rossby wave propagation on a beta-plane channel is examined to determine how wave propagation is affected by the use of low horizontal (spectral) resolution. This study considers time ...
Donal O'Sullivan
26-29, 1979 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INLBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INl�. LBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION IN
Gullberg, G.T.
Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Using Thermo-hydro-mechanical Analysis with Brittle Damage Model by Finite Element Method
Better understanding and control of crack growth direction during hydraulic fracturing are essential for enhancing productivity of geothermal and petroleum reservoirs. Structural analysis of fracture propagation and impact on fluid flow is a challenging issue because of the complexity of rock properties and physical aspects of rock failure and fracture growth. Realistic interpretation of the complex interactions between rock deformation, fluid flow, heat transfer, and fracture propagation induced by fluid injection is important for fracture network design. In this work, numerical models are developed to simulate rock failure and hydraulic fracture propagation. The influences of rock deformation, fluid flow, and heat transfer on fracturing processes are studied using a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis. The models are used to simulate microscopic and macroscopic fracture behaviors of laboratory-scale uniaxial and triaxial experiments on rock using an elastic/brittle damage model considering a stochastic heterogeneity distribution. The constitutive modeling by the energy release rate-based damage evolution allows characterizing brittle rock failure and strength degradation. This approach is then used to simulate the sequential process of heterogeneous rock failures from the initiation of microcracks to the growth of macrocracks. The hydraulic fracturing path, especially for fractures emanating from inclined wellbores and closed natural fractures, often involves mixed mode fracture propagation. Especially, when the fracture is inclined in a 3D stress field, the propagation cannot be modeled using 2D fracture models. Hence, 2D/3D mixed-modes fracture growth from an initially embedded circular crack is studied using the damage mechanics approach implemented in a finite element method. As a practical problem, hydraulic fracturing stimulation often involves fluid pressure change caused by injected fracturing fluid, fluid leakoff, and fracture propagation with brittle rock behavior and stress heterogeneities. In this dissertation, hydraulic fracture propagation is simulated using a coupled fluid flow/diffusion and rock deformation analysis. Later THM analysis is also carried out. The hydraulic forces in extended fractures are solved using a lubrication equation. Using a new moving-boundary element partition methodology (EPM), fracture propagation through heterogeneous media is predicted simply and efficiently. The method allows coupling fluid flow and rock deformation, and fracture propagation using the lubrication equation to solve for the fluid pressure through newly propagating crack paths. Using the proposed model, the 2D/3D hydraulic fracturing simulations are performed to investigate the role of material and rock heterogeneity. Furthermore, in geothermal and petroleum reservoir design, engineers can take advantage of thermal fracturing that occurs when heat transfers between injected flow and the rock matrix to create reservoir permeability. These thermal stresses are calculated using coupled THM analysis and their influence on crack propagation during reservoir stimulation are investigated using damage mechanics and thermal loading algorithms for newly fractured surfaces.
Min, Kyoung
About the Ratings
2008 Ratings Changes 2008 Ratings Changes EPA's "New" Fuel Economy Ratings Video about EPA's New Fuel Economy Ratings Windows Media Video (6.8 MB) Quicktime Video (7.8 MB) Text Version EPA changed the way it estimates fuel economy starting with the 2008 model year. This "new" way of estimating fuel economy supplements the previous method by incorporating the effects of Faster speeds and acceleration Air conditioner use Colder outside temperatures What else do I need to know about the "new" ratings? The tests lower MPG estimates for most vehicles. View old/new MPG ratings for a specific vehicle The actual mileage you get will still vary based on your driving habits, traffic conditions, and other factors. All MPG estimates in Find-a-Car have been converted to the new
On the Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Superalloys at ...
ON THE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR. OF SUPERALLOYS AT ... the FCP resistance of superalloys ... lead to poor crack propagation behavior.
Climate change risk and response
basket, changes in electricity rates can have far-reachingand assuming constant electricity rates, Auffhammer (2008)a rise (30 percent) in electricity rates in 2020 and 2040
Kahrl, Fredrich; Roland-Holst, David
Rate Schedules
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
One of the major responsibilities of Southeastern is to design, formulate, and justify rate schedules. Repayment studies prepared by the agency determine revenue requirements and appropriate rate...
Wave propagation through soils in centrifuge testing
Wave propagation phenomena in soils can be experimentally simulated using centrifuge scale models. An original excitation device (drop-ball arrangement) is proposed to generate short wave trains. Wave reflections on model boundaries are taken into account and removed by homomorphic filtering. Propagation is investigated through dispersion laws. For drop-ball experiments, spherical wave field analysis assuming linear viscoelasticity leads to a complete analytical description of wave propagation. Damping phenomena are examined and evaluated using this description.
Semblat, J F; 10.1142/S1363246998000071
Rates - WAPA-137 Rate Order
WAPA-137 Rate Order WAPA-137 Rate Order 2009 CRSP Management Center Customer Rates Second Step Presentation from the June 25, 2009, Customer Meeting Handout Materials from the June 25, 2009, Customer Meeting Customer Comment Letters ATEA CREDA Farmington ITCA AMPUA Rate Adjustment Information The second step of WAPA-137 SLCA/IP Firm Power, CRSP Transmission and Ancillary Services rate adjustment. FERC Approval of Rate Order No. WAPA-137 Notice Of Filing for Rate Order No. WAPA-137 Published Final FRN for Rate Order No. WAPA-137 Letter to Customers regarding the published Notice of Extension of Public Process for Rate Order No. WAPA-137 Published Extension of Public Process for Rate Order No. WAPA-137 FRN Follow-up Public Information and Comment Forum Flier WAPA-137 Customer Meetings and Rate Adjustment Schedule
Fiscal Year 2014 Fiscal Year 2014 Effective Rate Period As of Beginning of the FY 10/01/2013 - 09/30/2014 Mid-Year Changes (if applicable) 10/01/2013 - 09/30/2014 Power Rates Annual Revenue Requirement Rate Schedule Power Revenue Requirement $73,441,557 CV-F13 Base Resource Revenue Requirement $69,585,875 First Preference Revenue Requirement $3,855,682
Discrete Frontal Propagation in a Nonconvective Environment
Surface discrete frontal propagation in a wintertime, nonconvective environment is documented using conventional surface and upper-air data and simulated using the PSU�NCAR mesoscale model.
Joseph J. Charney; J. Michael Fritsch
Propagation of premixed flames in confined channels.
??The propagation of premixed flames in confined channels is investigated. In the unconfined case, the structure of the flame and the flame speed for the� (more)
Navaneetha, Arjun
Light propagation and Imaging in Indefinite Metamaterials
photolithography by polarized light,� Applied PhysicsZhang, �Imaging visible light using anisotropic metamaterialcross-sectional review of the light propagation of TE mode (
Yao, Jie
Oxidation Assisted Crack Propagation of Alloy 718
A material which relax quickly would have a better propagation resistance. For a given alloy, a microstructure exhibiting a fast relaxation of the stresses ahead of�...
Insertion Rates
HOME > Insertion Rates. TECH HEADLINES. Research Explores a New Layer in Additive Manufacturin... Grand Opening Slated for Electron Microscopy Facility.
Energy Rating
Consistent, accurate, and uniform ratings based on a single statewide rating scale Reasonable estimates of potential utility bill savings and reliable recommendations on cost-effective measures to improve energy efficiency Training and certification procedures for home raters and quality assurance procedures to promote accurate ratings and to protect consumers Labeling procedures that will meet the needs of home buyers, homeowners, renters, the real estate industry, and mortgage lenders with an interest in home energy ratings
Cabec Conference; Rashid Mir P. E
Coupled Parabolic Equations for Wave Propagation
Coupled Parabolic Equations for Wave Propagation Kai Huang, Knut Solna and Hongkai Zhao #3; April 30, 2004 Abstract We develop an algorithm using two coupled parabolic equations for numerical simulation of wave propagation over long distances. The coupled parabolic equations are derived from a two
Zhao, Hongkai
Random matrix theory for underwater sound propagation
Ocean acoustic propagation can be formulated as a wave guide with a weakly random medium generating multiple scattering. Twenty years ago, this was recognized as a quantum chaos problem, and yet random matrix theory, one pillar of quantum or wave chaos studies, has never been introduced into the subject. The modes of the wave guide provide a representation for the propagation, which in the parabolic approximation is unitary. Scattering induced by the ocean's internal waves leads to a power-law random banded unitary matrix ensemble for long-range deep ocean acoustic propagation. The ensemble has similarities, but differs, from those introduced for studying the Anderson metal-insulator transition. The resulting long-range propagation ensemble statistics agree well with those of full wave propagation using the parabolic equation.
Katherine C. Hegewisch; Steven Tomsovic
Rate schedule
Firm Power Service Provided by Rate/Charges Firm Power Service Provided by Rate/Charges Rate/Charges Effective Through (or until superceded) Firm Sales (SLIP-F9) Composite Rate SLIP 29.62 mills/kWh 9/30/2015 Demand Charge SLIP $5.18/kW-month 9/30/2015 Energy Charge SLIP 12.19 mills/kWh 9/30/2015 Cost Recovery Charge (CRC) SLIP 0 mills/kWh 9/30/2015 Transmission Service Provided by Current Rates effective10/12 - 9/15 (or until superceded) Rate Schedule Effective Through Firm Point-to-Point Transmission (SP-PTP7) CRSP $1.14 per kW-month $13.69/kW-year $0.00156/kW-hour $0.04/kW-day $0.26/kW-week 10/1/2008-9/30/2015 Network Integration Transmission (SP-NW3) CRSP see rate schedule 10/1/2008-9/30/2015 Non-Firm Point-to-Point Transmission (SP-NFT6) CRSP see rate schedule 10/1/2008-9/30/2015 Ancillary Services Provided by Rate Rate Schedule
Fatigue and Creep Crack Propagation behaviour of Alloy 617 in the Annealed and Aged Conditions
The crack propagation behaviour of Alloy 617 was studied under various conditions. Elevated temperature fatigue and creep-fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted at 650 and 800 degrees C under constant stress intensity (triangle K) conditions and triangular or trapezoidal waveforms at various frequencies on as-received, aged, and carburized material. Environmental conditions included both laboratory air and characteristic VHTR impure helium. As-received Alloy 617 displayed an increase in the crack growth rate (da/dN) as the frequency was decreased in air which indicated a time-dependent contribution component in fatigue crack propagation. Material aged at 650�C did not display any influence on the fatigue crack growth rates nor the increasing trend of crack growth rate with decreasing frequency even though significant microstructural evolution, including y� (Ni3Al) after short times, occurred during aging. In contrast, carburized Alloy 617 showed an increase in crack growth rates at all frequencies tested compared to the material in the standard annealed condition. Crack growth studies under quasi-constant K (i.e. creep) conditions were also completed at 650 degrees C and a stress intensity of K = 40 MPa9 (square root)m. The results indicate that crack growth is primarily intergranular and increased creep crack growth rates exist in the impure helium environment when compared to the results in laboratory air. Furthermore, the propagation rates (da/dt) continually increased for the duration of the creep crack growth either due to material aging or evolution of a crack tip creep zone. Finally, fatigue crack propagation tests at 800 degrees C on annealed Alloy 617 indicated that crack propagation rates were higher in air than impure helium at the largest frequencies and lowest stress intensities. The rates in helium, however, eventually surpass the rates in air as the frequency is reduced and the stress intensity is decreased which was not observed at 650 degrees C.
Julian K. Benz; Richard N. Wright
Rates and Repayment Services
Tariff Rates FY 2014 Rates and Rate Schedules FY 2013 Rates and Rate Schedules FY 2012 Rates and Rate Schedules FY 2011 Rates and Rate Schedules FY 2010 Rates and Rate Schedules FY...
Numerical study of error propagation in Monte Carlo depletion simulations
Improving computer technology and the desire to more accurately model the heterogeneity of the nuclear reactor environment have made the use of Monte Carlo depletion codes more attractive in recent years, and feasible (if not practical) even for 3-D depletion simulation. However, in this case statistical uncertainty is combined with error propagating through the calculation from previous steps. In an effort to understand this error propagation, a numerical study was undertaken to model and track individual fuel pins in four 17 x 17 PWR fuel assemblies. By changing the code's initial random number seed, the data produced by a series of 19 replica runs was used to investigate the true and apparent variance in k{sub eff}, pin powers, and number densities of several isotopes. While this study does not intend to develop a predictive model for error propagation, it is hoped that its results can help to identify some common regularities in the behavior of uncertainty in several key parameters. (authors)
Wyant, T.; Petrovic, B. [Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, Georgia Inst. of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0745 (United States)
Propagative hough voting for human activity recognition
Hough-transform based voting has been successfully applied to both object and activity detections. However, most current Hough voting methods will suffer when insufficient training data is provided. To address this problem, we propose propagative Hough ...
Gang Yu; Junsong Yuan; Zicheng Liu
Sound Propagation in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer
An experimental study of sound propagation near the ground in stable, nighttime conditions was performed in conjunction with the Cooperative Atmosphere�Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99). Low-frequency sound transmissions were continuously ...
D. Keith Wilson; John M. Noble; Mark A. Coleman
Statistical Timing Analysis using Levelized Covariance Propagation
Variability in process parameters is making accurate timing analysis of nano-scale integrated circuits an extremely challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for statistical timing analysis using Levelized Covariance Propagation (LCP). ...
Kunhyuk Kang; Bipul C. Paul; Kaushik Roy
Linear and Nonlinear Propagation of Supercell Storms
A nonlinear formula for updraft motion in supercell storms is derived from Petterssen's formula for the motion of systems and the vertical equation of motion, and tested on form-preserving disturbances. At each level, continuous propagation of an ...
Robert Davies-Jones
Propagation of Rossby Waves of Nonzero Frequency
The propagation of Rossby waves of positive and negative frequency, corresponding to eastward and westward phase speeds, respectively, is investigated. The techniques used are theoretical analysis, ray tracing, and initial value problems in ...
Gui-Ying Yang; Brian J. Hoskins
Shock wave propagation in vibrofluidized granular materials
Shock wave formation and propagation in two-dimensional granular materials under vertical vibration are studied by digital high speed photography. The steepen density and temperature wave fronts form near the plate as granular layer collides with vibrating plate and propagate upward through the layer. The temperature front is always in the transition region between the upward and downward granular flows. The effects of driving parameters and particle number on the shock are also explored.
Kai Huang; Guoqing Miao; Peng Zhang; Yi Yun; Rongjue Wei
Exchange Rates and Fundamentals
We show analytically that in a rational expectations present-value model, an asset price manifests near�random walk behavior if fundamentals are I(1) and the factor for discounting future fundamentals is near one. We argue that this result helps explain the well-known puzzle that fundamental variables such as relative money supplies, outputs, inflation, and interest rates provide little help in predicting changes in floating exchange rates. As well, we show that the data do exhibit a related link suggested by standard models�that the exchange rate helps predict these fundamentals. The implication is that exchange rates and fundamentals are linked in a way that is broadly consistent with asset-pricing models of the exchange rate. I.
Charles Engel; Kenneth D. West
A SAMPLING-FREE APPROACH TO THE PROPAGATION OF DISTRIBUTIONS. Mark Campanelli. Many problems involve ...
Survey of innovative rates, 1991
Current innovative rate data from 135 major utilities throughout the United States were gathered and analyzed. Over 1000 innovative rates that were in use by the utilities in 1990 and 1991 were identified, abstracted and entered into a database. Survey results indicate that over 616 million MWh were sold to the nearly five million customers using the innovative rates offered. From an annual sales perspective, the most widely used rates are demand-side management rates -- rates intended to change customer energy use -- and rates that are market-driven.'' The survey identified 525 demand-side management rates serving our four million customers with reported sales of approximately 520 million MWh. These rates serve over 80% of the total innovative rate customers and account for 84% of the total MWh sales. Also important in terms of MWh sales they represent are market-driven rates, which accounted for sales of 48 million MWh in 1990. Both demand-side management and market-driven rates show a 20% customer growth rate between 1988 and 1990. Other innovative rates examined in the survey included: prepaid service; load retention incentive rates; technology specific rates; and those rates related expressly to non-utility generators -- namely buy-back and standby rates.
White, L.J.; Wakefield, R.A.; McVicker, C.M.
Current innovative rate data from 135 major utilities throughout the United States were gathered and analyzed. Over 1000 innovative rates that were in use by the utilities in 1990 and 1991 were identified, abstracted and entered into a database. Survey results indicate that over 616 million MWh were sold to the nearly five million customers using the innovative rates offered. From an annual sales perspective, the most widely used rates are demand-side management rates -- rates intended to change customer energy use -- and rates that are market-driven.'' The survey identified 525 demand-side management rates serving our four million customers with reported sales of approximately 520 million MWh. These rates serve over 80% of the total innovative rate customers and account for 84% of the total MWh sales. Also important in terms of the MWh sales they represent are market-driven rates, which accounted for sales of 48 million MWh in 1990. Both demand-side management and market-driven rates show a 20% customer growth rate between 1988 and 1990. Other innovative rates examined in the survey included: prepaid service; load retention incentive rates; technology specific rates; and those rates related expressly to non-utility generators -- namely buy-back and standby rates.
Yang-Mills Propagators and QCD
We present a strong coupling expansion that permits to develop analysis of quantum field theory in the infrared limit. Application to a quartic massless scalar field gives a massive spectrum and the propagator in this regime. We extend the approach to a pure Yang-Mills theory obtaining analogous results. The gluon propagator is compared satisfactorily with lattice results and similarly for the spectrum. Comparison with experimental low energy spectrum of QCD supports the view that $\\sigma$ resonance is indeed a glueball. The gluon propagator we obtained is finally used to formulate a low energy Lagrangian for QCD that reduces to a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with all the parameters fixed by those of the full theory.
Marco Frasca
Anisotropic Shock Propagation in Single Crystals
Most single-crystal shock experiments have been performed in high-symmetry directions while the nature of shock propagation in low-symmetry directions remains relatively unstudied. It is well known that small-amplitude, linear acoustic waves propagating in low-symmetry directions can focus and/or form caustics (Wolfe, 1995). In this report we provide evidence for similar focusing behavior in nonlinear (shock) waves propagating in single crystals of silicon and diamond. Using intense lasers, we have driven non-planar (divergent geometry) shock waves through single-crystals of silicon or diamond and into an isotropic backing plate. On recovery of the backing plates we observe a depression showing evidence of anisotropic plastic strain with well-defined crystallographic registration. We observe 4-, 2-, and 3-fold symmetric impressions for [100], [110], and [111] oriented crystals respectively.
Eggert, J; Hicks, D; Celliers, P; Bradley, D; Cox, J; Unites, W; Collins, G; McWilliams, R; Jeanloz, R; Bruygoo, S; Loubeyre, P
electricity rates and expenditures that accompany these changes may not be as well. Most of the state�
Customer Letter - Preliminary Review of Drought Adder Component for 2011 Firm Power Rates 2010 Rates and Rate Schedule - Current * 2009 Rates and Rate Schedule 2008 Rates and...
Propagating and aggregating trust with uncertainty measure
Trust networks have been recognized as a valuable component of many modern systems, such as e-commerce or recommender systems, as they provide a way of quality assessment. In addition to adequate modeling of trust in such network, two fundamental issues ... Keywords: IFS, global trust, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, local trust, relative scalar cardinality of IFS, trust aggregation, trust propagation
Anna Stachowiak
Detonation propagation in a high loss configuration
This work presents an experimental study of detonation wave propagation in tubes with inner diameters (ID) comparable to the mixture cell size. Propane-oxygen mixtures were used in two test section tubes with inner diameters of 1.27 mm and 6.35 mm. For both test sections, the initial pressure of stoichiometric mixtures was varied to determine the effect on detonation propagation. For the 6.35 mm tube, the equivalence ratio {phi} (where the mixture was {phi} C{sub 3}H{sub 8} + 50{sub 2}) was also varied. Detonations were found to propagate in mixtures with cell sizes as large as five times the diameter of the tube. However, under these conditions, significant losses were observed, resulting in wave propagation velocities as slow as 40% of the CJ velocity U{sub CJ}. A review of relevant literature is presented, followed by experimental details and data. Observed velocity deficits are predicted using models that account for boundary layer growth inside detonation waves.
Jackson, Scott I [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Shepherd, Joseph E [CALTECH
Westward propagation of the Indian monsoon
Being restricted in their vertical development by the Tibetan high, monsoon depressions propagate westward against monsoon westerlies embedded in the Indian monsoon trough. The cause of this peculiar propagation has not been well explained. Special characteristics of individual depressions were revealed from observations of previous studies; particularly, the major rainfall of a depression occurs over its west�south-west sector. The latent heat released by this rainfall forms east�west differential heating across the depression in developing an east�west asymmetric circulation. Because this east�west circulation is a part of the depression�s divergent circulation, a spatial quadrature relationship exists between this divergent circulation and the depression. Based on these characteristics, a westward propagation mechanism of the depression is introduced. The depression�s rainfall is supported by the convergence of water vapor transported by the low-level divergent circulation. In turn, the divergent circulation is maintained through a feedback of the latent heat released by the rainfall. The upward branch of the east�west circulation coupled with the convergent center of the low-level divergent circulation generates a negative streamfunction tendency. The depression is propagated westward by a dynamic interaction between rainfall/convection and this monsoon disturbance through the negative streamfunction tendency. The spatial quadrature relationship between a depression and its east�west (divergent) circulation rejuvenates the water vapor supply maintaining diabatic heating and the divergent circulation, and perpetuating
unknown authors
Propagation algorithms for lexicographic ordering constraints
Finite-domain constraint programming has been used with great success to tackle a wide variety of combinatorial problems in industry and academia. To apply finite-domain constraint programming to a problem, it is modelled by a set of constraints on a ... Keywords: artificial intelligence, constraint programming, constraint propagation, constraints, generalized arc consistency, lexicographic ordering, matrix models, symmetry, symmetry breaking
Alan M. Frisch; Brahim Hnich; Zeynep Kiziltan; Ian Miguel; Toby Walsh
Rates and Repayment Services Consolidated Rate Schedules FY 2014 Rates BCP Annual Rate Process Central Arizona Project Transmission Rate Process DSW Multiple System Transmission...
Rates Loveland Area Project Firm Power Rates Transmission and Ancillary Services Rates 2012 Rate Adjustment-Transmission and Ancillary Services 2010 Rate Adjustment-Firm Power 2009...
Climatic Change
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has been proposed as a key component in technological portfolios for managing anthropogenic climate change, since it may provide a faster and cheaper route to significant reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentrations than abating CO2 production. However, CO2 sequestration is not a perfect substitute for CO2 abatement because CO2 may leak back into the atmosphere (thus imposing future climate change impacts) and because CO2 sequestration requires energy (thus producing more CO2 and depleting fossil fuel resources earlier). Here we use analytical and numerical models to assess the economic efficiency of CO2 sequestration and analyze the optimal timing and extent of CO2 sequestration. The economic efficiency factor of CO2 sequestration can be expressed as the ratio of the marginal net benefits of sequestering CO2 and avoiding CO2 emissions. We derive an analytical solution for this efficiency factor for a simplified case in which we account for CO2 leakage, discounting, the additional fossil fuel requirement of CO2 sequestration, and the growth rate of carbon taxes. In this analytical model, the economic efficiency of CO2 sequestration decreases as the CO2 tax growth rate, leakage rates and energy requirements for CO2 sequestration increase.
Klaus Keller; David Mcinerney; David F. Bradford
Discrete Propagation in Numerically Simulated Nocturnal Squall Lines
Simulations of a typical midlatitude squall line were used to investigate a mechanism for discrete propagation, defined as convective initiation ahead of an existing squall line leading to a faster propagation speed for the storm complex. Radar ...
Robert G. Fovell; Gretchen L. Mullendore; Seung-Hee Kim
The Propagation Mechanism of a Vortex on the ? Plane
The propagation velocity and propagation mechanism for vortices on a ? plane are determined for a reduced-gravity model by integrating the momentum equations over the ? plane. Isolated vortices, vortices in a background current, and initial ...
Peter Jan van Leeuwen
CHAPTER 10 10.3.1. Radio Propagation Factors ....................... ...
... entails propagation of electromagnetic radiation through some ... degrees by extraneous radiations in the ... path inter- ference, nuclear blast effects ...
Perturbative eigenvalue techniques for global?scale hydroacoustic pulse propagation
Because of the computational difficulties associated with three?dimensional acoustic propagation on global scales in the ocean
Gregory J. Orris; John S. Perkins; Laurie T. Fialkowski
Cosmic ray propagation in galactic turbulence
We revisit propagation of galactic cosmic rays in light of recent advances in cosmic ray diffusion theory in realistic interstellar turbulence. We use tested model of turbulence in which it has been shown that fast modes dominate scattering of cosmic rays. As a result, propagation becomes inhomogeneous and environment dependent. By adopting the formalism of the nonlinear theory (NLT) developed by Yan & Lazarian (2008), we calculate diffusion of cosmic rays self-consistently from first principles. We assume a two-phase model for the Galaxy to account for different damping mechanisms of the fast modes, and we find that the energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient is mainly affected by medium properties. We show that it gives a correct framework to interpret some of the recent CR puzzles.
Evoli, Carmelo
Surge propagation in gas insulated substation
Surge propagation performance in a 550 kV gas insulated substation is studied experimentally and by computer simulation using the Electro-Magnetic Transients Program. Extra capacitance added to the system by the components of GIS such as potential devices, branch buses, circuit breakers deform the wave shape of the travelling surges. A simple modeling technique to represent GIS in surge analysis is proposed and its applicability is proved. Paper No. 80 SM 658-5.
Matsumura, S.; Nitta, T.
Estimation of radial acoustic wave propagation in relative motion
Sound emission and propagation through the moving air in front of aircraft compressors and behind the turbine assemblies is investigated at UPB in a current research program. Results of the sound waves radial propagation in the first stage of the low ... Keywords: acoustics, finite volumes method, relative fluid mechanics, sound pressure level, sound propagation, sound waves, wave modeling
Alina Bogoi; Radu D. Rugescu
The objectives of this report are: (1) To determine the effect of the crevice former on the localized corrosion damage propagation; (2) FOCUS on post initiation stage, crevice propagation and arrest processes; (3) Determine the evolution of damage--severity, shape, location/distribution, damage profile; and (4) Model of crevice corrosion propagation, i.e. the evolution of the crevice corrosion damage profile.
J.H. Payer; U. Landau; X. Shan; A.S. Agarwal
Quantum Graphical Models and Belief Propagation
Belief Propagation algorithms acting on Graphical Models of classical probability distributions, such as Markov Networks, Factor Graphs and Bayesian Networks, are amongst the most powerful known methods for deriving probabilistic inferences amongst large numbers of random variables. This paper presents a generalization of these concepts and methods to the quantum case, based on the idea that quantum theory can be thought of as a noncommutative, operator-valued, generalization of classical probability theory. Some novel characterizations of quantum conditional independence are derived, and definitions of Quantum n-Bifactor Networks, Markov Networks, Factor Graphs and Bayesian Networks are proposed. The structure of Quantum Markov Networks is investigated and some partial characterization results are obtained, along the lines of the Hammersely-Clifford theorem. A Quantum Belief Propagation algorithm is presented and is shown to converge on 1-Bifactor Networks and Markov Networks when the underlying graph is a tree. The use of Quantum Belief Propagation as a heuristic algorithm in cases where it is not known to converge is discussed. Applications to decoding quantum error correcting codes and to the simulation of many-body quantum systems are described.
Matthew Leifer; David Poulin
Rates & Repayment
Environmental Review-NEPA Financial Data Operations Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates Rate Adjustments Transmission Ancillary Services Rates WAPA-137 Rate Order Environmental Review-NEPA Financial Data Operations Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates Rate Adjustments Transmission Ancillary Services Rates WAPA-137 Rate Order Rates and Repayment Services Rates Current and Historical Rate Information Collbran Power Rates CRSP Power Rates CRSP Transmission System Rates CRSP Management Center interest rates Falcon-Amistad Power Rates Provo River Power Rates Rio Grande Power Rates Seedskadee Power Rates SLCA/IP Power Rates Rate Schedules & Supplemental Rate Information Current Rates for Firm Power, Firm & Non-firm Transmission Service, & Ancillary Services Current Transmission & Ancillary Services Rates Tariffs Components of the SLCA/IP Existing Firm Power Rate Cost Recovery Charge (CRC) Page MOA Concerning the Upper Colorado River Basin
Acoustic Propagation Prediction in Shallow Water
An acoustic propagation experiment was conducted on 17 May 2000 in a shallow water site off the Perth metropolitan coast with the view of obtaining reflection and refraction data to contribute to developing a geoacoustic model of the area. The site proposed has constant bathymetry, though the geological properties of the site are not well known. The experiment used two hydrophones, one situated mid-water and the other moored to the seabed to explore the possibility of receiving head waves. The acoustic sources used were a 20-cui air gun and imploding sources comprising 60W and 75W light globes and purpose built evacuated spheres.
Justin Hoffman John; John D. Penrose; Darryl R. Mcmahon
A high-energy CO{sub 2} laser is channeled in a capillary discharge. Occurrence of guiding conditions at a relatively low plasma density (<10{sup 18} cm{sup -3}) is confirmed by MHD simulations. Divergence of relativistic electron beam changes depending on the plasma density. Counter-propagation of the electron and laser beams inside the plasma channel results in intense x-ray generation.
Coal Transportation Rate Sensitivity Analysis
Reports and Publications (EIA)
On December 21, 2004, the Surface Transportation Board (STB) requested that the Energy Information Administration (EIA) analyze the impact of changes in coal transportation rates on projected levels of electric power sector energy use and emissions.Specifically, the STB requested an analysis of changes in national and regional coalconsumption and emissions resulting from adjustments in railroad transportation rates for Wyoming's Powder River Basin (PRB) coal using the National Energy Modeling System(NEMS). However, because NEMS operates at a relatively aggregate regional level and does not represent the costs of transporting coal over specific rail lines, this analysis reports on the impacts of interregional changes in transportation rates from those used in the Annual Energy Outlook 2005 (AEO2005) reference case.
John Conti
Characterizing Web Document Change
The World Wide Web is growing and changing at an astonishing rate. For the information in the web to be useful, web information systems such as search engines have to keep up with the growth and change of the web. In this paper we study how web documents ...
Lipyeow Lim; Min Wang; Sriram Padmanabhan; Jeffrey Scott Vitter; Ramesh C. Agarwal
The Propagation of Photons in the Dilute Ionized Gas
The dilute ionized gas is very popular in the Universe. Usually only the Compton interactions, the "Sunyaev-Zel'dovich" effect, were considered while photons propagated in this medium. In this paper the "soft-photon process" is considered. Due to the soft photons emitted during the propagation of a photon in the dilute ionized gas, the main photon (propagating in the original direction) will be redshifted. The formula to calculate this redshift is derived.
Yijia Zheng
Zheng, Yijia
Valid Inequalities Based on Demand Propagation for Chemical ...
Oct 26, 2012 ... Valid Inequalities Based on Demand Propagation for Chemical Production Scheduling MIP Models. Sara Velez(szenner ***at*** wisc.edu)
Methods for forecasting impulse noise propagation through the atmosphere
Predicting the sound levels outdoors at long distances from a given noisesource is a challenging and important problem. The propagation depends strongly on several environmental factors
Michael J. White
Effects of Off-fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture Propagation ...
Instantaneous velocity was found by differentiating an interpolated cubic spline fit ..... propagation velocities determined for the angle b of the Mach cone in�...
Fast magnetosonic wave propagation and absorption in Tokamaks
Fast magnetostatic wave propagation and absorption in a tokamak model consisting of an axially symmetric cylindrical plasma column with a radially varying density profile is considered.
Phillips, C.K.; Perkins, F.W.; Hwang, D.Q.
Corrosion Fatigue and Crack Propagation of Different Austenitic ...
A FIB Study of the Resistance of Grain Boundaries to Short Fatigue Crack Propagation in Three-Dimensions in High Strength Al Alloys � A Non-Linear Damage�...
Surge and High Frequency Propagation in Industrial Power ...
... which is close to the result obtained by the pulse propagation time of ... Note also that this shorter line involves a lower total resistance; hence the IN ...
The Propagation and Attenuation of Surge Voltages and ...
... reflected pulse appearing 740 ns later, from which a propagation speed of ... nonreflection obtained by terminating the line with a resistance equal to ...
Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviors of High ...
The S-N fatigue and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviors of high ... The mechanisms associated with the improved fatigue resistance for the high�...
Plasma Propagation Through Porous Dielectric Sheets
Abstract�The propagation of plasmas through porous materials is one extreme example of a packed-bed reactor. Mechanisms for atmospheric-pressure plasmas flowing through porous dielectric films are computationally investigated. Images of this plasma flow are discussed. Index Terms�Photoionization, plasma functionalization. ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE plasmas (APPs) in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configurations are widely used for remediation of toxic gases. One such configuration is a packed-bed reactor where the plasma flows along the surface of high-dielectric-constant (?) beads where electric fields are intensified by the gradient in ? [1]. Typical DBD plasmas operate in air at atmospheric pressure at a few to tens of kilohertz, having electrode separations of a few millimeters to a centimeter. One extreme example of a packed-bed DBD reactor
Mingmei Wang; John E. Foster; Mark J. Kushner
Structure of propagators for quantum nondemolition systems
In the scheme of a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement, an observable is measured without perturbing its evolution. In the context of studies of decoherence in quantum computing, we examine the `open' quantum system of a two-level atom, or equivalently, a spin-1/2 system, in interaction with quantum reservoirs of either oscillators or spins, under the QND condition of the Hamiltonian of the system commuting with the system-reservoir interaction. The propagators for these QND Hamiltonians are shown to be connected to the squeezing and rotation operators for the two baths, respectively. Squeezing and rotation being both phase space area-preserving canonical transformations, this brings out an interesting analogy between the energy-preserving QND Hamiltonians and the homogeneous linear canonical transformations.
Subhashish Banerjee; R. Ghosh
Epidemic Propagation In Overlaid Wireless Networks
Witb tbe emergence of computer worms tbat can spread over air interfaces, wireless ad boc and sensor networks can be vulnerable to node compromises even if the deployed network is not connected to the backbone. Depending on the physical topology of the wireless network, even a single infected node can compromise the whole network. In this work, epidemic (e.g., worm) propagation in a static wireless network is studied, where a number of inCected mobile nodes are injected over the existing network. It is shown that the epidemic spread threshold and size depend on the physical topology of the underlying static wireless network as well as the mobility model employed by the infected mobile nodes. More specifically, results show that in a Cully-connected static wirelessnctwork targeted attacks are more effective, wbereas Cor a random topology random attacks can be sufficient to compromise the whole network.
Yanmaz, Evsen [Los Alamos National Laboratory
An Equilibrium Model of "Global Imbalances" and Low Interest Rates
were converted into dollars using daily exchange rates.and Flexible Ex- change Rates, MIT Press, 1982, pp. 116�156.Imbalances� and Low Interest Rates Ricardo J. Caballero
Caballero, Ricardo J; Farhi, Emmanuel; Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier
Analysis of inverter models and harmonic propagation. Part II. Harmonic propagation
Part II of a three part study describes the harmonic propagation in the photovoltaic power system consisting of the solar cell array, the inverter, and the ac side of the inverter up to the infinite bus of the utility. Propagation of the harmonics in the utility system are not addressed. Two main problems are analyzed: power in the converter system and harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms of the single-phase, dependent inverter. Relationships between the different components of the converter power - active, reactive and disturbance - are discussed. All formulas necessary for calculating the power components are given, assuming the harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms are known. The theoretical and experimental investigation of the single-phase, dependent inverter is described. The ac and dc terminal voltage of the inverter are analyzed and their harmonics are obtained. These data determine the harmonic propagation on both the dc and ac sides and may be useful for equipment design. Part I of the study (SAND 7040/1) contains a detailed description of the microcomputer based simulator that represents the output characteristics of the five commercially available types of solar cell arrays under different environmental conditions, and Part III (SAND 7040/3) presents an analysis of the transient and steady-state processes of inverter modules.
Slonim, M.A.; Stanek, E.K.
Freely propagating open premixed turbulent flames stabilized by swirl
A novel means has been developed for using weak swirl to stabilize freely propagating open premixed turbulent flames (swirl numbers between 0.05 to 0.3). By injecting a small amount of air tangentially into the co-flow of a concentric burner, stationary flames can be maintained above the burner exit for a large range of mixture, turbulence and flow conditions. The absence of physical surfaces in the vicinity of the flame provides free access to laser diagnostics. Laser Doppler anemometry and laser Mie scattering measurements of four flames with and without incident turbulence show that their features are typical of wrinkled laminar flames. The most distinct characteristics is that flame stabilization does not rely on flow recirculation. Centrifugal force induced by swirl causes flow divergence, and the flame is maintained at where the local mass flux balances the burning rate. The flame speeds can be estimated based on the centerline velocity vector, which is locally normal to the flame brush. This flame geometry is the closest approximation to the 1-D planar flame for determining fundamental properties to advance turbulent combustion theories. 18 refs.
Chan, C.K.; Lau, K.S.; Chin, W.K. (Hong Kong Polytechnic, Kowloon (Hong Kong)); Cheng, R.K. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Dynamic quantization for belief propagation in sparse spaces
Graphical models provide an attractive framework for modeling a variety of problems in computer vision. The advent of powerful inference techniques such as belief propagation (BP) has recently made inference with many of these models tractable. Even ... Keywords: Belief propagation, Deformable templates, Graphical models, Markov random fields, Pruning
James Coughlan; Huiying Shen
Decision Based Uncertainty Propagation Using Adaptive Gaussian Mixtures
Propagation, Expected Loss, Improved Forecast. I. Introduction Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (DM) toolbox. Based on these forecasts, decisions can be made on evacuating cities, sheltering into a threat level, such as the population density in a city. Thus the ability to propagate the uncertainty
Singh, Tarunraj
Method for controlling directional drilling in response to horns detected by electromagnetic energy propagation resistivity measurements
For use in conjunction with an earth borehole drilling apparatus that includes: a drilling rig; a drill string operating from said drilling rig for drilling an earth borehole, said drill string including a bottom hole arrangement comprising a drill bit, a downhole resistivity measuring subsystem for measuring downhole formation resistivity near said bit by propagating electromagnetic energy into earth formations near said bit, receiving electromagnetic energy that has propagated through the formations and producing measurement signals that depend on the received signals; a method is described for directing the drilling of a well bore with respect to a geological bed boundary in said earth formations, comprising the steps of: producing from said measurement signals a recording of downhole formation resistivity as a function of borehole depth, determining the presence of a horn in said resistivity recording; and implementing a change in the drilling direction of said drill bit in response to said determination of the presence of a horn.
Luling, M.
A network-based assessment approach for change impacts on complex product
The complex product design is a continuously changing process from customer requirements to a maturity design. During this process a change of one part will, in most cases, causes changes in other parts and even the whole product. The assessment for ... Keywords: Change impacts, Change propagation, Changeability indices, Complex products, Networks
Hui Cheng; Xuening Chu
A Two-Dimensional Theory of Fracture Propagation
A basic theory of two-dimensional (2D) fracture propagation has been developed with a Lagrangian formulation combined with a virtual work analysis. Fluid leakoff is included by the assumption that an incompressible filtrate produces a piston-like displacement of a compressible reservoir fluid with a moving boundary between the two. Poiseuille flow is assumed in the fracture. We consider both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids with and without wall building. For non-Newtonian fluids, we assume the usual power-law relation between shear stress and shear rate. The Lagrangian formulation yields a pair of nonlinear equations in Lf and bf, the fracture length and half-width. By introducing a virtual work analysis, we obtain a single equation that can be solved numerically. For non-wall-building fluids, it predicts much higher leakoff rates than existing methods. The Lagrangian method also allows nonelastic phenomena, such as plasticity, to be included. A practical computer program developed from this theory has been used for more than 10 years to design fracturing treatments in oil and gas reservoirs in Canada, California, the midcontinent and Rocky Mountain areas, the U.S. gulf coast, the North Sea, and in northern Germany. In most of these applications, it has predicted fracture dimensions that have been in line with production experience. Optimization methods based on this program led to very large fracturing treatments in low-permeability gas sands that were forerunners of � massive fracturing treatments in tight gas sands. Specific examples in which this method was used to design fracturing programs in large gas fields in Kansas and Texas are discussed.
M. A. Biot; L. Mass�; W. L. Medlin
Pulse propagation through a dispersive intracavity medium
In this paper, we study theoretically the behavior of a pulse as it propagates through an intracavity fast-light medium. The method of using a transfer function to determine a pulse after it passes through a cavity is well known. However, this approach cannot be used to determine the behavior of the pulse inside the cavity. To circumvent this constraint, we use an approach that starts by finding a self-consistent solution for a monochromatic field of infinite spatial and temporal extents, and determine its amplitudes before, inside, and after the cavity. We then construct a Gaussian input pulse by adding a set of these waves, properly phased and weighted, to represent a moving pulse before the cavity. Adding these waves at various time intervals then yields the complete spatial profile everywhere, including before, inside and after the cavity. We first confirm the prediction of this model by analyzing the behavior of a pulse passing through an empty cavity, and comparing the prediction of the output with the ...
Yum, Honam; Shahriar, Selim
Experimental studies of lower hybrid wave propagation
Experimental measurements of the dispersion and damping of externally excited lower hybrid waves are presented. A multiple-ring slow-wave antenna, having 2$pi$/k/sub z/ = 23 cm, is used to excite these waves in the Princeton L3 or L4 linear devices (B = 0.5 -- 2.8 kG uniform to +- 1 percent for 1.6 m, n approximately 10$sup 10$, T/sub e/ approximately 3-5 eV, T/sub i/ less than or equal to 0.1 eV, He gas, plasma diameter approximately 10 cm). The waves are localized in a spatial wave packet that propagates into the plasma along a conical trajectory which makes a small angle with respect to the confining magnetic field. Measurements of the dependence of wavelength on frequency are in good agreement with the cold plasma dispersion relation. Measured values of the wave damping are in good agreement with Landau damping by the combination of the main body of the electron distribution and a approximately 30 percent high energy (T/sub e/ approximately 15-30 eV) electron tail. (auth)
Bellan, P.; Porkolab, M.
Dose rate visualization of radioisotope thermoelectric generators
Advanced visualization techniques can be used to investigate gamma ray and neutron dose rates around complex dose rate intensive operations. A method has been developed where thousands of dose points are calculated using the MCNP(Monte Carlo N-Particle) computer code and then displayed to create color contour plots of the dose rate for complex geometries. Once these contour plots are created, they are sequenced together creating an animation to dynamically show how the dose rate changes with changes in the geometry or source over time.
Schwarz, R.A.; Kessler, S.F.; Tomaszewski, T.A.
Data Center Rating Infrastructure Rating Development
in Portfolio Manager on June 7, 2010. The questions below are designed to help data center owners and operators better understand the rating and benchmark their buildings in...
Maxwell Equation for the Coupled Spin-Charge Wave Propagation
We show that the dissipationless spin current in the ground state of the Rashba model gives rise to a reactive coupling between the spin and charge propagation, which is formally identical to the coupling between the electric and the magnetic fields in the 2 + 1 dimensional Maxwell equation. This analogy leads to a remarkable prediction that a density packet can spontaneously split into two counter propagation packets, each carrying the opposite spins. In a certain parameter regime, the coupled spin and charge wave propagates like a transverse 'photon'. We propose both optical and purely electronic experiments to detect this effect.
Bernevig, B.Andrei; Yu, Xiaowei; Zhang, Shou-Cheng; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
Tracking the Libor Rate
Investigating the Libor Rate,� mimeo. Abrantes-Metz, R. ,Libor data: Historial 1 month Libor rates, British Bankers1108R) Tracking the Libor Rate Rosa M. Abrantes-Metz , Sofia
Abrantes-Metz, Rosa; Villas-Boas, Sofia B.; Judge, George G.
Normal zone propagation in superconducting focusing solenoids and related quench protection issues
Superconducting solenoids are increasingly used as focusing lenses in transport channels of proton linear RF accelerators. If these accelerators employ superconducting RF cavities, each focusing lens is usually comprised of three coils connected in series: a main coil, which provides the needed focusing strength, and two bucking coils, that help to reduce magnetic field outside the lens. When a normal zone develops in any of the coils in a focusing lens, it propagates with a direction and a rate which depends on the coil and the specific part of the coil in which the quench first occurred. As a result of this propagation process (quenching), the temperature and/or voltage of parts of the lens can exceed safe limits, thus compromising lens reliability. On the other hand, the negative impact of quench events can be significantly mitigated if an external resistor is used to absorb a part of the energy stored in the magnetic field. This paper presents the main results of a solenoid quench protection study based on computational modeling of normal zone propagation in solenoid lenses being built for a superconducting linear RF accelerator under development at Fermilab.
Terechkine, I.; /Fermilab
2012 Rate Adjustments
Register Notices Meetings Brochure Brochure Addendum Customer Comment Letter Approved Rate Order FERC Confirmation If you have questions, call Rates and Repayment, 800-472-2306...
Cosmic-ray propagation properties for an origin in supernova remnants
We have studied the impact of cosmic-ray acceleration in SNR on the spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei in the Galaxy using a series expansion of the propagation equation, which allows us to use analytical solutions for part of the problem and an efficient numerical treatment of the remaining equations and thus accurately describes the cosmic-ray propagation on small scales around their sources in three spatial dimensions and time. We found strong variations of the cosmic-ray nuclei flux by typically 20% with occasional spikes of much higher amplitude, but only minor changes in the spectral distribution. The locally measured spectra of primary cosmic rays fit well into the obtained range of possible spectra. We further showed that the spectra of the secondary element Boron show almost no variations, so that the above findings also imply significant fluctuations of the Boron-to-Carbon ratio. Therefore the commonly used method of determining CR propagation parameters by fitting secondary-to-primary ratios appears flawed on account of the variations that these ratios would show throughout the Galaxy.
Pohl, M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3160 (United States); Buesching, I. [Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany); Kopp, A. [MPI fuer Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katleburg Lindau (Germany); Schlickeiser, R. [Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany); Perrot, C. [W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Grenier, I. [Universite Paris VII and CEA/Saclay, Service d'Astrophysique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
future costs of purchasing new lamps - and the labor costs associated with changing light bulbs - because they last 10 times longer. Install programmable thermostats in...
Richard Cantor Rating Transitions and Defaults Conditional on Watchlist, Outlook and Rating History Summary
This report documents global corporate credit rating transition and default rates during the 1995-2003 period conditional on the full information in Moody's published credit opinions, which, in addition to the current credit rating, include prior rating actions and current rating outlooks and reviews. The primary findings of this study are: � Moody�s rating system management practices attempt to limit rating reversals and dampen rating change volatility and, as a consequence, different issuers carrying the same rating may have different risks of rating migration and default. � As noted in Moody�s prior research dating back to 1993, recently downgraded issuers have a greater likelihood of future rating downgrades and default than do recently upgraded issuers. For example, obligors downgraded in the past twelve months are eight times more likely to be downgraded than upgraded in the next year. Downgraded issuers are eleven times more likely to default over one year than upgraded issuers. � Moody�s rating outlooks and reviews are used to signal the likely direction and timing of future rating actions and the evolution of default risk. For example, at a one-year time horizon, issuers with negative outlooks are seven times more likely to be downgraded than upgraded; issuers with positive outlooks are nearly twice as likely to be upgraded as downgraded; and issuers with stable outlooks have the highest probability of no rating change. Default rates within a given rating category also vary systematically by outlook status. For example,
Westward Propagating Predecessors of Monsoon Depressions
By examining maps of 24 h change of sea level pressure during July and August over the 10-year period 1969�78, we find that 45 (87%) of the 52 lows and depressions that formed in the Bay of Bengal were associated with predecessor disturbances ...
Kshudiram Saha; Frederick Sanders; Jagadish Shukla
Propagation of Kuroshio Extension Meanders between 143� and 149�E
A two-dimensional array of current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders provided synoptic measurements of the upper and deep fluctuations in the Kuroshio Extension between 143� and 149�E with mesoscale resolution. Downstream-propagating ...
Karen L. Tracey; D. Randolph Watts; Kathleen A. Donohue; Hiroshi Ichikawa
Idealized Mesoscale Convective System Structure and Propagation Using Convective Parameterization
The development and propagation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) was examined within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the Kain�Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization scheme and a modified version of this scheme. ...
James Correia Jr.; Raymond W. Arritt; Christopher J. Anderson
Metastability evaluation method by propagation delay distribution measurement
This paper suggests an experimental method for determining metastability properties based on deliberately inducing metastability in edge-triggered flip-flops. It offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of input signals time relationship on the output ... Keywords: MTBF, PLD, VLSI, analytical representation, asynchronous circuits, asynchronous logic, automatic data acquisition, complex architecture microsystems, custom CMOS, data acquisition, delays, edge-triggered flip-flops, failure analysis, fault diagnosis, fault events, flip-flop normal propagation delay, flip-flops, graphical representation, input signals time relationship, integrated circuit reliability, integrated propagation delay density distribution function, latch devices, logic design, logic testing, metastability, output signal timing characteristics, propagation delay density distribution function, propagation delay distribution measurement, reliability analysis, resolution time constant, statistical measurement
B. M. Rogina; B. Vojnovic
Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Cross-Equatorial Wave Propagation
Observational evidence of interhemispheric wave propagation through the equatorial upper-tropospheric mean westerlies in the eastern Pacific Ocean is found in nine years (1980/81 to 1988/89) of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ...
Robert A. Tomas; Peter J. Webster
Diabatically Driven Discrete Propagation of Surface Fronts: A Numerical Analysis
Discrete frontal propagation has been identified as a process whereby a surface front discontinuously moves forward, without evidence of frontal passage across a mesoscale region. Numerical simulations are employed to examine the upper-level ...
George H. Bryan; J. Michael Fritsch
Multi-Layer network for influence propagation over microblog
Microblog has become ubiquitous for social networking and information sharing. A few studies on information propagation over microblog reveal that the majority of users like to publish and share the news on microblog. The public opinion over the internet ...
Chao Li; Jun Luo; Joshua Zhexue Huang; Jianping Fan
Linear Spectral Numerical Model for Internal Gravity Wave Propagation
A three-dimensional linear spectral numerical model is proposed to simulate the propagation of internal gravity wave fluctuations in a stably stratified atmosphere. The model is developed to get first-order estimations of gravity wave ...
J. Marty; F. Dalaudier
How Much Energy Propagates Vertically in the Equatorial Oceans?
Vertically propagating linear wave calculations using realistic equatorial buoyancy profiles are presented which show the percentage of the downward surface energy flux that reaches the deep equatorial oceans. The percentages vary widely ...
Peter R. Gent; James R. Luyten
Evaluating Error Propagation in Coupled Land�Atmosphere Models
This study examines how land-use errors from the Land Transformation Model (LTM) propagate through to climate as simulated by the Regional Atmospheric Model System (RAMS). The authors conducted five simulations of regional climate over East Africa:...
Bryan Pijanowski; Nathan Moore; Dasaraden Mauree; Dev Niyogi
Operation-based update propagation in a mobile file system
In this paper we describe a technique called operation-based update propagation for efficiently transmitting updates to large files that have been modified on a weakly connected client of a distributed file system. In this technique, modifications are ...
Yui-Wah Lee; Kwong-Sak Leung; Mahadev Satyanarayanan
Propagation of Low-Mode Internal Waves through the Ocean
The baroclinic tides play a significant role in the energy budget of the abyssal ocean. Although the basic principles of generation and propagation are known, a clear understanding of these phenomena in the complex ocean environment is only now ...
Luc Rainville; Robert Pinkel
Freely Propagating Trench Waves on a Beta-Plane
The dispersion relation is derived for trapped freely propagating barotropic long trench waves on a midlatitude ?-plane. It is found that a critical wavenumber kc, which depends on trench orientation and wave frequency, partitions the behavior of ...
Andrew J. Willmott; Arlene A. Bird
Propagation of meridional circulation anomalies along western and eastern boundaries
Motivated by the adjustment of the meridional overturning circulation to localized forcing, solutions are presented from a reduced-gravity model for the propagation of waves along western and eastern boundaries. For wave periods exceeding a few ...
David P. Marshall; Helen L. Johnson
Extracting Envelopes of Nonzonally Propagating Rossby Wave Packets
Previously developed techniques that have been used to extract envelopes of Rossby wave packets are based on the assumption of zonally propagating waves. In this note a method that does not require such an assumption is proposed. The advantages ...
Aleksey V. Zimin; Istvan Szunyogh; Brian R. Hunt; Edward Ott
Propagating Atmospheric Patterns Associated with Midwest Winter Precipitation
For winters over eastern North America, complex Hilbert empirical orthogonal function (HEOF) analysis was used to objectively identify propagating patterns in four atmospheric fields that have potential relevance to precipitation: jet stream�level ...
Courtenay Strong; Jessica Liptak
Propagation of ion beams through a tenuous magnetized plasma
When an ion beam is propagated through a plasma, the question of charge neutralization is critical to its propagation. We consider such a problem where the plasma is magnetized with magnetic field perpendicular to the beam. The plasma-number density and beam-number density are assumed comparable. We reduce the problem to a two-dimensional model, which we solve. The solution suggests that it should be possible to attain charge neutralization if the beam density is properly varied along itself.
Chrien, E.F.; Valeo, E.J.; Kulsrud, R.M.; Oberman, C.R.
Electrically heated particulate filter propagation support methods and systems
A control system that controls regeneration of a particulate filter is provided. The system generally includes a regeneration module that controls current to the particulate filter to initiate combustion of particulate matter in the particulate filter. A propagation module estimates a propagation status of the combustion of the particulate matter based on a combustion temperature. A temperature adjustment module controls the combustion temperature by selectively increasing a temperature of exhaust that passes through the particulate filter.
Gonze, Eugene V [Pinckney, MI; Ament, Frank [Troy, MI
rates | OpenEI
rates rates Dataset Summary Description This dataset, compiled by NREL and Ventyx, provides average residential, commercial and industrial electricity rates by zip code for both investor owned utilities (IOU) and non-investor owned utilities. Note: the file includes average rates for each utility, but not the detailed rate structure data found in the database available via the zip-code look-up feature on the OpenEI Utilities page (http://en.openei.org/wiki/Gateway:Utilities). The data was released by NREL/Ventyx in February 2011. Source NREL and Ventyx Date Released February 24th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords electric rates rates US utilities Data text/csv icon IOU rates by zipcode (csv, 1.7 MiB) text/csv icon Non-IOU rates by zipcode (csv, 2.1 MiB)
Change Log
Change Log Change Log Change Log NERSC-8 / Trinity Benchmarks Change Log 09/03/2013 Correction applied to MiniDFT web-page (to remove inconsistency with MiniDFT README). Capability Improvement measurements do not require 10,000 MPI ranks per k-point. 08/06/2013 Various pages have changed to remove "draft" status 08/02/2013 Correction added to FLOP Counts for "Small" Single-Node Miniapplication Tests page 07/12/2013 README files updated for IOR benchmark to correct an error in wording (no code changes); README file updated for osu-micro-benchmarks (OMB) changing the tests required and conditions including reinserting some tests that had been deleted earlier 07/05/2013 README updated for mpimemu benchmark; Revised version of benchmark results spreadsheet (linked on SSP web page);
Historical Interest Rates
Current and Historical Interest Rates Current and Historical Interest Rates The table lists interest rates, from the project's inception through the present, for all projects with repayment supervised by the CRSP MC. The latest available interest rate is used for all future interest rate calculations. The Amistad-Falcon, Collbran, Provo River, and Rio Grande Projects are all assigned the average daily "Yield Rate" calculated by the U.S. Treasury, on an annual basis, for Treasury bonds having terms of 15 years or more remaining to maturity. The calculated yield rate is rounded to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. The yield rate is based upon the bond's interest rate, as well as its market value. The Colorado River Storage Project and its participating projects, Dolores and Seedskadee, are assigned the average daily "Coupon Rate," annualized for the same U.S. Treasury bonds used in "Yield Rate" calculations. The coupon rate is the interest rate that the bond carries upon its face.
Electric field induced propagating structures in a model of spatio-temporal signalling
Keywords: calcium waves, convective instabilities, electric field effects, intracellular transport, propagating structures
D. �nita; P. Hasal; J. H. Merkin
Paper 1108R2 Paper 1108R) Tracking the Libor Rate Rosa M.revision 2013 by author(s). Tracking the Libor Rate Rosa M.providing a methodology for tracking the dynamic integrity
2009 Rate Adjustments
provisional rates will be in effect until the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) confirms and approves them on a final basis or until they are replaced by other rates....
Mouse heart rate
Mouse heart rate Name: amj Status: NA Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: Around 1993 Question: Is it possible to get the heart rate of a mouse without special equipment?...
Dynamics of heart rate
Heart rate oscillates on several different time scales and has long?term variability in the form of 1/fnoise. The physiological control of heart rate is briefly reviewed
Daniel T. Kaplan; Mario Talajic
How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma?
Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement with recent experimental data, and suggest a way to increase that maximum by appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and backscatter and suggests the indirect control of backscatter through manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping.
Pavel M. Lushnikov; Harvey A. Rose
Positron Beam Propagation in a Meter Long Plasma Channel
Recent experiments and simulations have shown that positron beams propagating in plasmas can be focused and also create wakes with large accelerating gradients. For similar parameters, the wakes driven by positron beams are somewhat smaller compared to the case of an electron beam. Simulations have shown that the wake amplitude can be increased if the positron beam is propagated in a hollow plasma channel (Ref. 1). This paper, compares experimentally, the propagation and beam dynamics of a positron beam in a meter scale homogeneous plasma, to a positron beam hollow channel plasma. The results show that positron beams in hollow channels are less prone to distortions and deflections. Hollow channels were observed to guide the positron beam onto the channel axis. Beam energy loss was also observed implying the formation of a large wake amplitude. The experiments were carried out as part of the E-162 plasma wakefield experiments at SLAC.
Marsh, K.A.; Blue, B.E.; Clayton, C.E.; Joshi, C.; Mori, W.B.; /UCLA; Decker, F.-J.; Hogan, M.J.; Iverson, R.; O' Connell, C.; Raimondi, P.; Siemann, Robert H.; Walz, D.; /SLAC; Katsouleas, T.C.; Muggli, P.; /Southern California U.
Cosmic-ray Propagation and Interactions in the Galaxy
We survey the theory and experimental tests for the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy up to energies of 10{sup 15} eV. A guide to the previous reviews and essential literature is given, followed by an exposition of basic principles. The basic ideas of cosmic-ray propagation are described, and the physical origin of its processes are explained. The various techniques for computing the observational consequences of the theory are described and contrasted. These include analytical and numerical techniques. We present the comparison of models with data including direct and indirect--especially gamma-ray--observations, and indicate what we can learn about cosmic-ray propagation. Some particular important topics including electrons and antiparticles are chosen for discussion.
Strong, Andrew W.; /Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Moskalenko, Igor V.; /Stanford U., HEPL /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Ptuskin, Vladimir S.; /Troitsk, IZMIRAN
Plasma wave propagation with a plasma density gradient
Plasma waves with the plasma diffusion velocity u{sub n} due to a plasma density gradient are described in a positive column plasma. The ion wave is generated by the perturbation of the operating frequency 10{sup 6} s{sup -1} and it propagates with the group velocity u{sub g{approx}}c{sub s}{sup 2}/u{sub n{approx}}(10{sup 5}-10{sup 6}) m/s, where c{sub s} is the acoustic velocity in a fine tube fluorescent lamp, while the electron wave cannot be generated with a turbulence of low frequency less than the electron oscillation frequency {omega}{sub pe}. The propagation of the lighting signal observed in long tube fluorescent lamps is well understood with the propagation of ion waves occurring along the plasma density gradient.
Cho, Guangsup; Choi, Eun-Ha; Uhm, Han Sup [Department of Electrophysics, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Nowon Wallgye, Seoul 139-701 (Korea, Republic of)
Gluon propagators and center vortices in gluon plasma
We study electric and magnetic components of the gluon propagators in quark-gluon plasma in terms of center vortices by using a quenched simulation of SU(2) lattice theory. In the Landau gauge, the magnetic components of the propagators are strongly affected in the infrared region by removal of the center vortices, while the electric components are almost unchanged by this procedure. In the Coulomb gauge, the time-time correlators, including an instantaneous interaction, also have an essential contribution from the center vortices. As a result, one finds that magnetic degrees of freedom in the infrared region couple strongly to the center vortices in the deconfinement phase.
M. N. Chernodub; Y. Nakagawa; A. Nakamura; T. Saito; V. I. Zakharov
PULCINELLA -- A General Tool for Propagating Uncertainty in Valuation Networks
We present PULCinella and its use in comparing uncertainty theories. PULCinella is a general tool for Propagating Uncertainty based on the Local Computation technique of Shafer and Shenoy. It may be specialized to different uncertainty theories: at the moment, Pulcinella can propagate probabilities, belief functions, Boolean values, and possibilities. Moreover, Pulcinella allows the user to easily define his own specializations. To illustrate Pulcinella, we analyze two examples by using each of the four theories above. In the first one, we mainly focus on intrinsic differences between theories. In the second one, we take a knowledge engineer viewpoint, and check the adequacy of each theory to a given problem.
Alessandro Saffiotti; Elisabeth Umkehrer
DWPF Macrobatch 2 Melt Rate Tests
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) canister production rate must be increased to meet canister production goals. Although a number of factors exist that could potentially increase melt rate, this study focused on two: (1) changes in frit composition and (2) changes to the feed preparation process to alter the redox of the melter feed. These two factors were investigated for Macrobatch 2 (sludge batch 1B) utilizing crucible studies and a specially designed ''melt rate'' furnace. Other potential factors that could increase melt rate include: mechanical mixing via stirring or the use of bubblers, changing the power skewing to redistribute the power input to the melter, and elimination of heat loss (e.g. air in leakage). The melt rate testing in FY00 demonstrated that melt rate can be improved by adding a different frit or producing a much more reducing glass by the addition of sugar as a reductant. The frit that melted the fastest in the melt rate testing was Frit 165. A paper stud y was performed using the Product Composition Control System (PCCS) to determine the impact on predicted glass viscosity, liquidus, durability, and operating window if the frit was changed from Frit 200 to Frit 165. PCCS indicated that the window was very similar for both frits. In addition, the predicted viscosity of the frit 165 glass was 46 poise versus 84 poise for the Frit 200 glass. As a result, a change from Frit 200 to Frit 165 is expected to increase the melt rate in DWPF without decreasing waste loading.
Stone, M.E.
73Working with Rates Because things change in the
years Problem 6 - 416 gamma-ray bursts spotted in 52 weeks Problem 7 - 3000 kilometers traveled in 200 in 800 years = 2 novas/year Problem 6 - 416 gamma-ray bursts spotted in 52 weeks = 8 gamma-ray bursts
Origin of Lapse Rate Changes in the Upper Tropical Troposphere
Vertical motions in clouds arise from a variety of thermodynamic processes, including latent heat release, evaporative cooling, melting, and cloud radiative heating. In the Tropics, the net upward vertical mass flux from convective systems should ...
Ian Folkins
Structural changes in metals under high-rate deformation ?...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Sarov, Russia Moscow Steel and Alloys Institute, Russia CEG, Gramat, France LANL, Los Alamos, NM, USA Joint U.S. - Russia Conference on Advances in Materials Science...
Dynamic Control of Lab Air Change Rates using Multiplexed IEQ...
commissioning. This presentation discusses a new type of real time, multiplexed facility monitoring technology. Packets of air and data are routed through a unique, hollow...
High Redshift Supernova Rates
We use a sample of 42 supernovae detected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on-board the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey to measure the rate of core collapse supernovae to z~0.7 and type Ia supernovae to z~1.6. This significantly increases the redshift range where supernova rates have been estimated from observations. The rate of core collapse supernovae can be used as an independent probe of the cosmic star formation rate. Based on the observations of 17 core collapse supernovae, we measure an increase in the core collapse supernova rate by a factor of 1.6 in the range 0.3rate. The increase in the rate in this redshift range in consistent with recent measurements of the star formation rate derived from UV-luminosity densities and IR datasets. Based on 25 type Ia supernovae, we find a SN Ia rate that is a factor 3-5 higher at z~1 compared to earlier estimates at lower redshifts (zrate traces a higher star formation rate at redshifts z>1 compared to low redshift. At higher redshift (z>1), we find a suggested decrease in the type Ia rate with redshift. This evolution of the Ia rate with redshift is consistent with a type Ia progenitor model where there is a substantial delay between the formation of the progenitor star and the explosion of the supernova. Assuming that the type Ia progenitor stars have initial main sequence masses 3-8 M_Sun, we find that 5-7% of the available progenitors explode as type Ia supernovae.
Tomas Dahlen; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Ranga-Ram Chary; Christopher J. Conselice; Henry C. Ferguson; Andrew S. Fruchter; Mauro Giavalisco; Mario Livio; Piero Madau; Nino Panagia; John L. Tonry
The Nonlinear Landau Damping Rate of a Driven Plasma Wave
In this Letter, we discuss the concept of the nonlinear Landau damping rate, {nu}, of a driven electron plasma wave, and provide a very simple, practical, analytic formula for {nu} which agrees very well with results inferred from Vlasov simulations of stimulated Raman scattering. {nu} actually is more complicated an operator than a plain damping rate, and it may only be seen as such because it assumes almost constant values before abruptly dropping to 0. The decrease of {nu} to 0 is moreover shown to occur later when the wave amplitude varies in the direction transverse to its propagation.
Benisti, D; Strozzi, D J; Gremillet, L; Morice, O
High removal rate laser-based coating removal system
A compact laser system that removes surface coatings (such as paint, dirt, etc.) at a removal rate as high as 1000 ft.sup.2 /hr or more without damaging the surface. A high repetition rate laser with multiple amplification passes propagating through at least one optical amplifier is used, along with a delivery system consisting of a telescoping and articulating tube which also contains an evacuation system for simultaneously sweeping up the debris produced in the process. The amplified beam can be converted to an output beam by passively switching the polarization of at least one amplified beam. The system also has a personal safety system which protects against accidental exposures.
Matthews, Dennis L. (Moss Beach, CA); Celliers, Peter M. (Berkeley, CA); Hackel, Lloyd (Livermore, CA); Da Silva, Luiz B. (Danville, CA); Dane, C. Brent (Livermore, CA); Mrowka, Stanley (Richmond, CA)
Rate Schedule CPP-2
or rate schedule accepted or approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) or other regulatory bodies will be passed on to each relevant customer. The FERC's or...
Definition: Dynamic Capability Rating | Open Energy Information
Capability Rating Capability Rating Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Dynamic Capability Rating Dynamic capability rating can be achieved through real-time determination of an element's (e.g., line, transformer etc.) ability to carry load based on electrical and environmental conditions.[1] Related Terms rating References ↑ SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Functions' An LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. inline Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Dynamic_Capability_Rating&oldid=506158" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load)
Lei Chang
Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. Selected Recent Articles Phase diagram and critical endpoint for strongly-interacting quarks Si-xue Qin, Lei Chang,...
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 12, 2013 AOCS Announces 2013 Stephen S. Change Award Recipient AOCS is proud to announce that Alejandro G. Marangoni, Professor and Tier I Canada Research Chair Food, Health and Agin
Climatology of Anomalous Propagation Radar Echoes in a Coastal Area
Anomalous propagation (AP) of ground-based radar beam results in the detection of ground echoes beyond the horizon. One year of data gathered with an S-band meteorological radar located on the coast in southwest France is used to analyze the ...
Fr�d�ric Mesnard; Henri Sauvageot
Distinguishing Propagating Waves and Standing Modes: An Internal Wave Model
This paper examines high-frequency (0.1-0.5 cph) internal waves, waves previously characterized by the Garrett and Munk spectral fits (GM72, GM75, GM79) as being vertically symmetric propagating waves (or equivalently �smeared� standing modes�...
M. Benno Blumenthal; Melbourne G. Briscoe
Propagation of surface hybrid modes on metallic cylindrical nanoshells
Propagation of surface hybrid modes on a system consisting of metal-air-metal cylinder has been investigated theoretically. The effect of increasing the interwall spacing between two metals on plasmon dispersion relation is shown. The dispersion relation can lead to a simple equation for m = 0. Calculations show that the plasmon energy of this structure depends on the interwall spacing between two metals.
Bahari, Ali; Amraie, Elhame [Department of Physics, Lorestan University, Lorestan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Simulation of propagating EAS Cherenkov radiation over the ocean surface
We present computing results of the Cherenkov light propagation in air and water from extensive air showers developing over the ocean. Limits on zenith angles of the showers, at which the registration of flashes of reflected Cherenkov photons by the satellite-based detector TUS is possible, are analyzed with consideration for waves on the ocean surface.
Shustova, O P; Khrenov, B A
Gamma-beam propagation in the anisotropic medium
Propagation of gamma-beam in the anisotropic medium is considered. The simpliest example of such a medium of the general type is a combination of the two linearly polarized monochromatic laser waves with different frequencies (dichromatic wave). The optical properties of this combination are described with the use of the permittivity tensor. The refractive indices and polarization characteristics of normal electromagnetic waves propagating in the anisotropic medium are found. The relations, describing variations of gamma-beam intensity and Stokes parameters as functions of propagation length are obtained. The influence of laser wave intensity on the propagation process are calculated. The gamma-beam intensity losses in the dichromatic wave depend on the initial circular polarization of gamma-quanta. This effect is also applied to the single crystals, which are oriented in some regions of coherent pair production. In principle, the single crystal sensitivity to a circular polarization can be used for determination of polarization of high energy (in tens GeV and more) gamma-quanta and electrons.
V. A. Maisheev
Shock propagation and stability in causal dissipative hydrodynamics
We studied the shock propagation and its stability with the causal dissipative hydrodynamics in 1+1 dimensional systems. We show that the presence of the usual viscosity is not enough to stabilize the solution. This problem is solved by introducing an additional viscosity which is related to the coarse-graining scale of the theory.
G. S. Denicol; T. Kodama; T. Koide; Ph. Mota
Nonparametric belief propagation for self-calibration in sensor networks
Automatic self-calibration of ad-hoc sensor networks is a critical need for their use in military or civilian applications. In general, self-calibration involves the combination of absolute location information (e.g. GPS) with relative calibration information ... Keywords: NBP, belief propagation, calibration, localization, nonparametric, sensor network
Alexander T. Ihler; John W. Fisher, III; Randolph L. Moses; Alan S. Willsky
Stereo Matching Based on Dissimilar Intensity Support and Belief Propagation
A novel algorithm based on the window construction method using local edge detection is presented. Firstly, in order to construct the adaptive window, a virtual closed edge is formed around each pixel via second order differential operator. Secondly, ... Keywords: Belief propagation optimization, Cost aggregation, Dissimilar intensity support, Local edge detection, Stereo matching
Feipeng Da, Fu He, Zhangwen Chen
A Study of Premixed Propagating Flame Vortex Interaction
Experimental data is presented for the interaction between a propagating flame and a simple vortex flow field structure generated in the wake of solid obstacles. The interaction between gas movement and obstacles creates vortex shedding forming a simple ... Keywords: Combustion, Flame/Vortex, PIV, Visualization
G. K. Hargrave; S. Jarvis
Propagation of Gulf Stream Meanders between 74� and 70�W
Positions of the Gulf Stream path from 74� to 45�W were obtained from satellite infrared images for the period of April 1982�December 1989. The propagation of meanders between 74� and 70�W was studied through spectral analysis in wavenumber-...
Tong Lee; Peter Cornillon
Near-optimal data propagation by efficiently advertising obstacle boundaries
We propose local mechanisms for efficiently marking the broader network region around obstacles, for data propagation to early enough avoid them towards near-optimal routing paths. In particular, our methods perform an on-line identification of sensors ... Keywords: obstacle avoidance, performance evaluation, routing, sensor networks
Andreas Koutsopoulos; Sotiris Nikoletseas; Jos� D.P. Rolim
High-speed Visualization of Flame Propagation in Explosions
Flow visualization data is presented to describe the structure of flames propagating in methane-air explosions in semi-confined enclosures. The role of turbulence is well established as a mechanism for increasing burning velocity by fragmenting the flame ... Keywords: combustion, explosions, high-speed, imaging, laser-sheet
G. K. Hargrave; T. C. Williams; S. Jarvis
Green functions and propagation of waves in strongly inhomogeneous media
We show that Green functions of second-order differential operators with singular or unbounded coefficients can have an anomalous behaviour in comparison to the well-known properties of Green functions of operators with bounded coefficients. We discuss some consequences of such an anomalous short or long distance behaviour for a diffusion and wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium.
Z. Haba
Planetary Wave Propagation off California and Its Effect on Zooplankton
Lagged correlation of dynamic height from the gappy California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI) with monthly San Diego sea level for the period 1949�2001 shows that the dynamic height propagates westward at 4.10 cm s?1, about ...
Allan J. Clarke; Marcelo Dottori
Fold Catastrophe Model of Fracture Propagation of Hydraulic Fracturing
According to energy conservation from the destruction of rock catastrophe, a new calculation method of the length of fracture propagation in hydraulic fracturing is proposed, and assuming the crack extends to approximate ellipse, the width calculation ... Keywords: hydraulic fracture, fold catastrophe, fracture parameters
Zhaowan Chun; Wan Tingting; Ai Chi; Ju Guoshuai
Acoustics 2000 1 Acoustic Propagation Prediction in Shallow Water
the experiment location. Light bulbs in particular have been the topic of interest as an implosive underwater) will be lost to an absorptive seabed. The results of the propagation measurements performed using light bulbs were a 20-cui air gun and imploding sources comprising 60W and 75W light globes and purpose built
Quantum-Gravity phenomenology and high energy particle propagation
Quantum-gravity effects may introduce relevant consequences for the propagation and interaction of high energy cosmic rays particles. Assuming the space-time foamy structure results in an intrinsic uncertainty of energy and momentum of particles, we show how low energy (under GZK) observations can provide strong constraints on the role of the fluctuating space-time structure.
R. Aloisio; P. Blasi; A. Galante; P. L. Ghia; A. F. Grillo
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven School of Mathematics September 2005. [1] Atmospheric jets are known to be an important source of inertia-gravity waves, yet mechanisms for the gravity waves, with the underlying assumption that the characteristics of the waves were
Plougonven, Riwal
Accumulation of particles in propagating fronts Karl R. Helfrich
-surface velocities u that exceed the propagation speed c of the gravity current nose. It is shown by simple dam from the gravity current head by the circulation in this region. A dam break into an ambient fluid- oratory experiments using buoyant gravity currents gener- ated by a dam release. Measurements of the two
Helfrich, Karl R.
Vehicle-track-underground modeling of rail induced wave propagation
A moving rail vehicle may cause propagating waves to the surroundings potentially leading to detrimental effects for the track construction, nuisances for the surroundings and interference with delicate electronic equipment. A full computational model ... Keywords: Finite element analysis, Rigid body dynamics, Vibrations
H�kan Lane; Torbj�rn Ekevid; Per Kettil; Chun Yuen Ching; Nils-Erik Wiberg
We investigate how coronal mass ejections (CMEs) propagate through, and interact with, the inner heliosphere between the Sun and Earth, a key question in CME research and space weather forecasting. CME Sun-to-Earth kinematics are constrained by combining wide-angle heliospheric imaging observations, interplanetary radio type II bursts, and in situ measurements from multiple vantage points. We select three events for this study, the 2012 January 19, 23, and March 7 CMEs. Different from previous event studies, this work attempts to create a general picture for CME Sun-to-Earth propagation and compare different techniques for determining CME interplanetary kinematics. Key results are obtained concerning CME Sun-to-Earth propagation: (1) the Sun-to-Earth propagation of fast CMEs can be approximately formulated into three phases: an impulsive acceleration, then a rapid deceleration, and finally a nearly constant speed propagation (or gradual deceleration); (2) the CMEs studied here are still accelerating even after the flare maximum, so energy must be continuously fed into the CME even after the time of the maximum heating and radiation has elapsed in the corona; (3) the rapid deceleration, presumably due to interactions with the ambient medium, mainly occurs over a relatively short timescale following the acceleration phase; and (4) CME-CME interactions seem a common phenomenon close to solar maximum. Our comparison between different techniques (and data sets) has important implications for CME observations and their interpretations: (1) for the current cases, triangulation assuming a compact CME geometry is more reliable than triangulation assuming a spherical front attached to the Sun for distances below 50-70 solar radii from the Sun, but beyond about 100 solar radii we would trust the latter more; (2) a proper treatment of CME geometry must be performed in determining CME Sun-to-Earth kinematics, especially when the CME propagation direction is far away from the observer; and (3) our approach to comparing wide-angle heliospheric imaging observations with interplanetary radio type II bursts provides a novel tool in investigating CME propagation characteristics. Future CME observations and space weather forecasting are discussed based on these results.
Liu, Ying D. [State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Luhmann, Janet G.; Moestl, Christian; Bale, Stuart D.; Lin, Robert P. [Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Lugaz, Noe [Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 (United States); Davies, Jackie A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot (United Kingdom)
Defect Generation and Propagation in MC-Si Ingots: Influence on Cell-to-Cell Performance Variation
This paper describes results of our study aimed at understanding mechanism(s) of dislocation generation and propagation in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) ingots, and evaluating their influence on the solar cell performance. This work was done in two parts: (i) Measurement of dislocation distributions along various bricks, selected from strategic locations within several ingots; and (ii) Theoretical modeling of the cell performance corresponding to the measured dislocation distributions. Solar cells were fabricated on wafers of known dislocation distribution, and the results were compared with the theory. These results show that cell performance can be accurately predicted from the dislocation distribution, and the changes in the dislocation distribution are the primary cause for variations in the cell-to-cell performance. The dislocation generation and propagation mechanisms, suggested by our results, are described in this paper.
Sopori, B.; Rupnowski, P.; Shet, S.; Mehta, V.; Seacrist, M.; Shi, G.; Chen, J.; Deshpande, A.
The effect of aqueous environments upon the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in low-alloy steels
The effect of elevated temperature aqueous environments upon the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in low-alloy steels is discussed in terms of the several parameters which influence such behavior. These parameters include water chemistry, impurities within the steels themselves, as well as factors such as the water flow rate, loading waveform and loading rates. Some of these parameters have similar effects upon both crack initiation and propagation, while others exhibit different effects in the two stages of cracking. In the case of environmentally-assisted crack (EAC) growth, the most important impurities within the steel are metallurgical sulfide inclusions which dissolve upon contact with the water. A ``critical`` concentration of sulfide ions at the crack tip can then induce environmentally-assisted cracking which proceeds at significantly increased crack growth rates over those observed in air. The occurrence, or non-occurrence, of EAC is governed by the mass-transport of sulfide ions to and from the crack-tip region, and the mass-transport is discussed in terms of diffusion, ion migration, and convection induced within the crack enclave. Examples are given of convective mass-transport within the crack enclave resulting from external free stream flow. The initiation of fatigue cracks in elevated temperature aqueous environments, as measured by the S-N fatigue lifetimes, is also strongly influenced by the parameters identified above. The influence of sulfide inclusions does not appear to be as strong on the crack initiation process as it is on crack propagation. The oxygen content of the environment appears to be the dominant factor, although loading frequency (strain rate) and temperature are also important factors.
James, L.A. [Westinghouse Electric Corp., West Mifflin, PA (United States). Bettis Atomic Power Lab.; Van Der Sluys, W.A. [Babcock and Wilcox Co., Alliance, OH (United States)
Utility Rate Design Revision - A Frisbee Full of Boomerangs
Rising electricity prices have prompted investigation of utility rates and proposals for changed in their design. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current design of electric rates, changes proposed, actual trends, and predictable results of the proposals and trends.
Dannenmaier, J. H.
Fatigue Crack Propagation from Notched Specimens of 304 SS in elevated Temperature Aqueous Environment
Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rates for 304 stainless steel (304SS) were determined in 24 degree C and 288 degree C air and 288 degree C water using double-edged notch (DEN) specimens of 304 stainless steel (304 SS). Test performed at matched loading conditions in air and water at 288 degree C with 20-6- cc h[sub]2/kg h[sub]2O provided a direct comparison of the relative crack growth rates in air and water over a wide range of crack growth rates. The DEN crack extension ranged from short cracks (0.03-0.25 mm) to long cracks up to 4.06 mm, which are consistent with conventional deep crack tests. Crack growth rates of 304 SS in water were about 12 times the air rate. This 12X environmental enhancement persisted to crack extensions up to 4.06 mm, far outside the range associated with short crack effects. The large environmental degradation for 304 SS crack growth is consistent with the strong reduction of fatigue life in high hydrogen water. Further, very similar environmental effects w ere reported in fatigue crack growth tests in hydrogen water chemistry (HWC). Most literature data in high hydrogen water show only a mild environmental effect for 304 SS, of order 2.5 times air or less, but the tests were predominantly performed at high cyclic stress intensity or equivalently, high air rates. The environmental effect in low oxygen environments at low stress intensity depends strongly on both the stress ratio, R, and the load rise time, T[sub]r, as recently reported for austenitic stainless steel in BWR water. Fractography was performed for both tests in air and water. At 288 degree C in water, the fracture surfaces were crisply faceted with a crystallographic appearance, and showed striations under high magnification. The cleavage-like facets on the fracture surfaces suggest that hydrogen embrittlement is the primary cause of accelerated cracking.
Wire, G. L.; Mills, W. J.
On the micromechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in aluminum- lithium alloys: Sheet vs. plate material
Micromechanisms influencing the propagation of long (>10 mm) fatigue cracks in aluminum-lithium alloys are examined by specifically comparing crack-growth kinetics in a peak-aged Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy 2090, processed as 1.6-mm thin (T83) sheet and 12.7-mm thick (T81) plate. It is found that in general crack-growth rates are significantly faster in the sheet material at equivalent stress-intensity levels, due to differences in the role of crack-tip shielding, resulting from crack deflection and consequent crack closure from wedging of fracture-surface asperities. Microstructurally, such differences are related to variations in the degree of recrystallization, grain structure and deformation texture in the two wrought-product forms. 14 refs., 4 figs.
Rao Venkateswara, K.T.; Ritchie, R.O. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States) California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering); Bucci, R.J. (Aluminum Co. of America, Alcoa Center, PA (United States). Alcoa Labs.)
Rates MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Power Supply Report June 2013 (53kb pdf) May 2013 (53kb pdf) April 2013 (52kb pdf) March 2013 (54kb pdf) February 2013 (54kb pdf) January 2013 (54kb...
OpenEI - rates
U.S. Electric Utility U.S. Electric Utility Companies and Rates: Look-up by Zipcode (Feb 2011) http://en.openei.org/datasets/node/899 This dataset, compiled by NREL and Ventyx, provides average residential, commercial and industrial electricity rates by zip code for both investor owned utilities (IOU) and non-investor owned utilities. Note: the file includes average rates for each utility, but not the detailed rate structure data found in the database available via the zip-code look-up feature on the OpenEI Utilities page (http://en.openei.org/wiki/Gateway:Utilities). The data was released by NREL/Ventyx in February 2011.
Heat Rate Program Guidelines
Power plant facilities with performance or heat rate improvement programs perform better than those that do not have those programs. A heat rate improvement program typically provides sufficient information for decision making with respect to timely maintenance actions and/or operational adjustments. Monitoring the performance of any power plant component includes the trending of parameters that also describe the performance of other plant components, providing insight and information on improving ...
Electric field control of domain wall propagation in Pt/Co/GdOx films
The influence of a gate voltage on domain wall (DW) propagation is investigated in ultrathin Pt/Co/gadolinium oxide (GdOx) films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The DW propagation field can be enhanced or retarded ...
Bauer, Uwe
On the Propagation and Dissipation of Gravity Wave Spectra through a Realistic Middle Atmosphere
The one-dimensional propagation of a spectrum of gravity waves through a realistic middle atmosphere is investigated, separating as far as possible the propagation-invariant aspects from the more empirical wave-breaking and other nonlinear ...
C. D. Warner; M. E. McIntyre
Flow-Assisted Flame Propagation Through a Porous Combustible in Microgravity
P.J. Pagni and T.G. Peterson, �Flame Spread Through PorousT. Niioka, �Flow-Assisted Flame Propagation Through a PorousMarch 2002 Flow-Assisted Flame Propagation Through a Porous
Bar-Ilan, Amnon; Rich, David B; Rein, Guillermo; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos; Hanai, H.; Niioka, T.
Meridional and Downward Propagation of Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies. Part II: Southern Hemisphere Cold Season Variability
As in the Northern Hemisphere, there exists a simultaneous poleward propagation of temperature anomalies in the stratosphere and equatorward propagation in the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere�s cold season. It takes about 110 days for ...
R-C. Ren; Ming Cai
Cold Pools and MCS Propagation: Forecasting the Motion of Downwind-Developing MCSs
The primary factors that affect the direction of propagation and overall movement of surface-based mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are discussed. It is shown that although propagation is indeed related to the strength and direction of the low-...
Stephen F. Corfidi
Coastal-Trapped Waves off the Coast of South Africa: Generation, Propagation and Current Structures
Coastal sea level variations from six sites around South Africa are used to establish the characteristics of coastal-trapped wave (CTW) propagation. Substantial amplitudes (>50 cm) are found along the south coast, but further propagation on the ...
E. H. Schumann; K. H. Brink
A Triple-Doppler Radar Analysis of a Discretely Propagating Multicell Convective Storm
A triple-Doppler radar case study of a regularly propagating multicell convective storm has been performed. The motion of the storm, observed on 7 June 1978 during Project NIMROD, was somewhat unusual with cell translation and propagation ...
Robert E. Peterson Jr.
Effects of internal waves on low frequency, long range, acoustic propagation in the deep ocean
This thesis covers a comprehensive analysis of long-range, deep-ocean, low-frequency, sound propagation experimental results obtained from the North Pacific Ocean. The statistics of acoustic fields after propagation through ...
Xu, Jinshan
Distributed belief propagation and its generalizations for location-aware networks
This thesis investigates the use of generalized belief propagation (GBP) and belief propagation (BP) algorithms for distributed inference. The concept of a network region graph is introduced, along with several approximation ...
Ferner, Ulric John
Influence of Induced natural convection on laser propagation : analysis and interferometric visualization
This thesis analyzes the influence of a self-induced natural convection flow on the propagation of a high energy laser beam. The two configurations considered are of a vertical laser beam (propagation direction opposite ...
Bhakta, Aditya (Aditya S.)
Cat Heart Rate Monitoring
Cat Heart Rate Monitoring Cat Heart Rate Monitoring Name: Shakti Status: student Grade: 9-12 Location: TX Country: USA Date: Summer 2010 Question: What is the best way to find a cat's heart rate using a stethoscope? Because I have tried to hear their heart beat but their purring is all I can hear. If I shouldn't use a stethoscope, then what should I use? Replies: Hi Shakti! If you want to use a stethoscope, the trick is to get your cat to stop purring. Two good ways that I have found to help stop the purring 1. Cover their nose (generally cats don't like this and will stop purring) or 2. Put on the tap to drip or lightly stream water (also, they generally don't like this and will stop purring). Alternatively, you can get their heart rate from feeling their pulse. A good place to try to feel a pulse is right where the leg attaches to the abdomen - in an area called the inguinal region. Now granted there are some heart conditions that will cause an animals pulse and their heart rates don't match up, and it's hard to feel if you have a fat cat, but it's a good place to try if you are really trying to get a heart rate in a healthy kitty!
Trade, Interdependence and Exchange Rates
period is 1971-2000. All inflation rates and predictions areof Goods and Real Exchange Rate Fluc- tuations,� mimeo [5]Between Trade and Exchange Rate Volatility,� mimeo [6
Fitzgerald, Doireann
Exchange Rates, Information, and Crises
3 Intervention and Exchange Rate Misalignment 4 Conclusion 5explain the exchange rate determination puzzle? Americanrisk to defend the exchange rate. Universit�at Trier Working
Fernholz, Ricardo Turrin
Definition: Equipment Rating | Open Energy Information
Rating Rating Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Equipment Rating The maximum and minimum voltage, current, frequency, real and reactive power flows on individual equipment under steady state, short-circuit and transient conditions, as permitted or assigned by the equipment owner.[1] Also Known As Standard current ratings Related Terms reactive power, smart grid References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An i LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. nline Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Equipment_Rating&oldid=502535" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties
Dynamics of relativistic electrons propagating in a funnel-guided target
Hot electron transport in a funnel-guided target is investigated using two-dimensional hybrid simulations. Relativistic electrons generated by a petawatt picosecond short-pulse laser interacting with a gold slab are guided by a funnel to the compressed core region of the fuel. It is shown that as the energetic electrons propagate into the compressed core, the interface magnetic fields in the inner and outer surfaces of the funnel can change sign so that the fast electrons are efficiently guided in the gold funnel to reach the dense core. It is also shown that with funnel guiding, fuel heating is enhanced compared to that without the funnel. The findings here may be useful in the design of more efficient fast-ignition schemes, as well as in other applications involving transport and heating of energetic electrons in targets.
Zhou, C. T.; He, X. T. [Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094 (China); Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Wang, X. G. [Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Ruan, S. C. [Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 (China); Wu, S. Z. [Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094 (China); Chew, L. Y. [Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 (Singapore); Yu, M. Y. [Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Institut fuer Theoretische Physik I, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum D-44780 (Germany)
The Effect of Joint and Gaps on Shock Propagation
National Ignition Facility targets, especially those made with material such as beryllium through which hydrogen doesn`t permeate, may be made in sections and pieced together. Tolerances, chamfers, glue joints and fill tubes will form density mismatches which may lead to asymmetries in the capsule implosion. Such defects or perturbations also form non-linear initial conditions of interest for hydrodynamic evolution. The physics of this process is being studied in planar packages in indirect drive. Ablation driven shock waves, similar to those produced by the foot of the NIF pulse, are generated from Nova hohlraum radiation. Time resolved radiography is used to study the propagation of non-planar shock waves through a uniform material and across material interfaces in order to examine the stability of the interface. We will compare shocks propagating around `gaps` and through `joints` with two-dimensional numerical simulations in planar geometry.
Caldwell, S. E.; Goldman, S. R.; Wilke, M. D.; Wilson, D. C.
Propagation and stability of superluminal waves in pulsar winds
Nonlinear electromagnetic waves with superluminal phase velocity can propagate in the winds around isolated pulsars, and around some pulsars in binary systems. Using a short-wavelength approximation, we find and analyze an integrable system of equations that govern their evolution in spherical geometry. A confined mode is identified that stagnates to finite pressure at large radius and can form a precursor to the termination shock. Using a simplified criterion, we find this mode is stable for most isolated pulsars, but may be unstable if the external pressure is high, such as in the pulsar wind nebulae in starburst galaxies and in W44. Pulsar winds in eccentric binary systems, such as PSR 1259-63, may go through phases with stable and unstable electromagnetic precursors, as well as phases in which the density is too high for these modes to propagate.
Mochol, Iwona
HOM Power Generation and Propagation in the PEP II Rings
Most of the HOM power that propagates in the PEP-II rings is generated in the RF cavities but its content in terms of TE and TM components has not been accurately determined. For purpose of estimating power deposition at the cavity HOM loads, and also of shielding beamline components such as bellows from TE power penetration, this HOM power content and its distribution profile around the rings are needed. We calculate the TE and TM contributions of the RF cavity to the circulating HOM power and their transmission properties at another cavity downstream. By taking into account the generation in, and scattering by the cavities, as well as the attenuation along the vacuum chamber, a realistic estimate of the HOM power propagating out of a RF station is obtained. The formulation can include the HOM contributions of other beamline components such as collimators.
Lin, Xintian; Ng, Cho-Kuen; Ko, Kwok; /SLAC
Propagation of radiation in fluctuating multiscale plasmas. II. Kinetic simulations
A numerical algorithm is developed and tested that implements the kinetic treatment of electromagnetic radiation propagating through plasmas whose properties have small scale fluctuations, which was developed in a companion paper. This method incorporates the effects of refraction, damping, mode structure, and other aspects of large-scale propagation of electromagnetic waves on the distribution function of quanta in position and wave vector, with small-scale effects of nonuniformities, including scattering and mode conversion approximated as causing drift and diffusion in wave vector. Numerical solution of the kinetic equation yields the distribution function of radiation quanta in space, time, and wave vector. Simulations verify the convergence, accuracy, and speed of the methods used to treat each term in the equation. The simulations also illustrate the main physical effects and place the results in a form that can be used in future applications.
Pal Singh, Kunwar; Robinson, P. A.; Cairns, Iver H.; Tyshetskiy, Yu. [School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia)
Finite volume schemes for dispersive wave propagation and runup
Finite volume schemes are commonly used to construct approximate solutions to conservation laws. In this study we extend the framework of the finite volume methods to dispersive water wave models, in particular to Boussinesq type systems. We focus mainly on the application of the method to bidirectional nonlinear, dispersive wave propagation in one space dimension. Special emphasis is given to important nonlinear phenomena such as solitary waves interactions, dispersive shock wave formation and the runup of breaking and non-breaking long waves.
Dutykh, Denys; Mitsotakis, Dimitrios
Perpendicular propagating modes for weakly magnetized relativistic degenerate plasma
Using the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations, the dispersion relations for the perpendicular propagating modes (i.e., X-mode, O-mode, and upper hybrid mode) are derived for a weakly magnetized relativistic degenerate electron plasma. By using the density (n{sub 0}=p{sub F}{sup 3}/3{pi}{sup 2} Planck-Constant-Over-Two-Pi {sup 3}) and the magnetic field values for different relativistic degenerate environments, the propagation characteristics (i.e., cutoff points, resonances, dispersions, and band widths in k-space) of these modes are examined. It is observed that the relativistic effects suppress the effect of ambient magnetic field and therefore the cutoff and resonance points shift towards the lower frequency regime resulting in enhancement of the propagation domain. The dispersion relations of these modes for the non-relativistic limit (p{sub F}{sup 2} Much-Less-Than m{sub 0}{sup 2}c{sup 2}) and the ultra-relativistic limit (p{sub F}{sup 2} Much-Greater-Than m{sub 0}{sup 2}c{sup 2}) are also presented.
Abbas, Gohar; Bashir, M. F. [Salam Chair in Physics, G. C. University Lahore, Punjab 54000 (Pakistan); Department of Physics, G. C. University Lahore, Punjab 54000 (Pakistan); Murtaza, G. [Salam Chair in Physics, G. C. University Lahore, Punjab 54000 (Pakistan)
Estimating the rate of web page updates
Estimating the rate of Web page updates helps in improving the Web crawler's scheduling policy. But, most of the Web sources are autonomous and updated independently. Clients like Web crawlers are not aware of when and how often the sources change. Unlike ...
Sanasam Ranbir Singh
Mythology of rate design
If power rates are determined by marginal costs with clear signals to the consumer, then the load curve will regulate itself without burdening the public with ethical and patriotic issues. Manipulation of the load factor will only cause hardship and inconvenience, but a choice of rates will allow consumers to determine their own balance between rates and convenience. It makes sense to charge consumers the true cost rather than having the same rate apply during a 24-hour period when costs are not uniform. Discussions of how to determine equitable rate structures flounder because we cannot define equity. Economists, who base their recommendations on the assumption that income distribution is reasonable, believe marginal-cost pricing allows the customer to save whatever the utility is saving. Such a system is economically efficient in that the utility charges 100 percent-load-factor consumers according to a base load plant, while charging peak and offpeak consumers what it costs to add them to the system. Adjustment of prices to cause a minimal distortion of the market is the economists' general rule for handling the balancing of cost increases and regulated profits. (DCK)
Streiter, S.H.
Upper Great Plains Rates information
Rates and Repayment Services Rates and Repayment Services Rates 2010 Firm Power Rate (effective January 1, 2010) Rate Adjustments 2010 Firm Power Rate Adjustment 2009 Firm Power Rate Adjustment IS Rate Adjustments Rate Adjustment Process Rate Orders Signed, December 23, 2009 (16kb pdf) Announcements Firm Electric Service Customer Letter - Preliminary Review of Drought Adder Component, June 27, 2013 (74kb pdf) Customer Letter - Final Notice of Drought Adder Component, October 2, 2013 (68kb pdf) Integrated System (IS) Rates 2014 IS Rates Customer Information Meeting Presentation, October 15, 2013 (611kb pdf) Customer Letter - Notification of 2014 Rates, September 13, 2013 (160kb pdf) 2014 Transmission and Ancillary Services Rate Calculation and 2012 Rate True-up Calculation (4.9mb pdf) 2013 IS Rates
Estimating stress heterogeneity from aftershock rate
We estimate the rate of aftershocks triggered by a heterogeneous stress change, using the rate-and-state model of Dieterich [1994]. We show than an exponential stress distribution P(\\tau)~ exp(-\\tau/\\tau_0) gives an Omori law decay of aftershocks with time ~1/t^p, with an exponent p=1-A\\sigma_n/\\tau_0, where A is a parameter of the rate-and-state friction law, and \\sigma_n the normal stress. Omori exponent p thus decreases if the stress "heterogeneity" \\tau_0 decreases. We also invert the stress distribution P(\\tau) from the seismicity rate R(t), assuming that the stress does not change with time. We apply this method to a synthetic stress map, using the (modified) scale invariant "k^2" slip model [Herrero and Bernard, 1994]. We generate synthetic aftershock catalogs from this stress change. The seismicity rate on the rupture area shows a huge increase at short times, even if the stress decreases on average. This stochastic slip model gives a Gaussian stress distribution, but nevertheless produces an aftersho...
Helmstetter, A; Helmstetter, Agnes; Shaw, Bruce E.
Natural Gas Conveyance and Rates
Natural gas transportation market; Competition vs. market power; Rate structures Cost-of-service Performance based rates
Information Center
Multiple System Rate Process
DSW Multiple System Transmission Rate Process DSW Multiple System Transmission Rate Process Federal Register Notice Withdrawing Rate Proposal (PDF) Formal Process Extension Federal Register Notice (PDF) Customer Savings Under Various MSTR (XLS) Public Information Forum March 29, 2005 Customer Meeting Overview (Power Point) Customer Meeting Overview (PDF) Customer Meeting Transcript (PDF) Public Comment Forum April 6, 2005 Customer Meeting Transcript (PDF) Response Letter 5-17-05 (PDF) Customer Letters Tonopah ID-5/25/05 (PDF) APS-5/26/05 (PDF) SRP-5/27/05 (PDF) RSLynch-6/1/05 (PDF) KRSaline-6/1/05 (PDF) Formal Process Federal Register Notice (Word) Federal Register Notice (PDF) Brochure (Word) Appendices to Brochure: A B C D E1 E2 F1 F2 GH Public Information Forum July 14, 2004 Customer Meeting Overview (Power Point)
BCP Annual Rate Process
2013 BCP Annual Rate Process 2013 BCP Annual Rate Process Informal Process Rate Activity Schedule (doc) Informal Customer Meeting Thursday March 6, 2013 at 10:30 A.M. Conf Rms 3&4 Informal Customer Meeting Presentation (Pdf) PRS Executive Summary (Mar 07, 2013) (Pdf) FY2014 Final Ten Year Operating Plan PRS Executive Summary (PDF) FORM for Foreign Visits (doc) Formal Process Initial Federal Register Notice (pdf) Public Information Forum March 27,2013 at 10:30 A.M. Conf Rms3&4 Customer Meeting Presentation PIF Presentation (PPT) Presentation Details (pdf) Reclamation Fund Status Report PIF PRS Executive Summary (pdf) PIF Transcripts (PDF) Visitor Center Cost Analysis Questions - Responses Public Comment Forum April 10, 2013 at 10:30 A.M. Conf Rms3&4 PCF Transcripts Customer Letters
Effects of radiation and compression on propagating spherical flames of methane/air mixtures near the lean flammability limit
Large discrepancies between the laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths measured in experiments and those predicted by simulations for ultra-lean methane/air mixtures bring a great concern for kinetic mechanism validation. In order to quantitatively explain these discrepancies, a computational study is performed for propagating spherical flames of lean methane/air mixtures in different spherical chambers using different radiation models. The emphasis is focused on the effects of radiation and compression. It is found that the spherical flame propagation speed is greatly reduced by the coupling between thermal effect (change of flame temperature or unburned gas temperature) and flow effect (inward flow of burned gas) induced by radiation and/or compression. As a result, for methane/air mixtures near the lean flammability limit, the radiation and compression cause large amounts of under-prediction of the laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths extracted from propagating spherical flames. Since radiation and compression both exist in the experiments on ultra-lean methane/air mixtures reported in the literature, the measured laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths are much lower than results from simulation and thus cannot be used for kinetic mechanism validation. (author)
Chen, Zheng [State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
Non-linear numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in small-scale flux tubes
We present results of non-linear, 2D, numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in the photosphere and chromosphere of small-scale flux tubes with internal structure. Waves with realistic periods of three to five minutes are studied, after applying horizontal and vertical oscillatory perturbations to the equilibrium model. Spurious reflections of shock waves from the upper boundary are minimized thanks to a special boundary condition. This has allowed us to increase the duration of the simulations and to make it long enough to perform a statistical analysis of oscillations. The simulations show that deep horizontal motions of the flux tube generate a slow (magnetic) mode and a surface mode. These modes are efficiently transformed into a slow (acoustic) mode in the vA < cS atmosphere. The slow (acoustic) mode propagates vertically along the field lines, forms shocks and remains always within the flux tube. It might deposit effectively the energy of the driver into the chromosphere. When the driver oscillates with a high frequency, above the cut-off, non-linear wave propagation occurs with the same dominant driver period at all heights. At low frequencies, below the cut-off, the dominant period of oscillations changes with height from that of the driver in the photosphere to its first harmonic (half period) in the chromosphere. Depending on the period and on the type of the driver, different shock patterns are observed.
E. Khomenko; M. Collados; T. Felipe
Coincident count rates in absorbing dielectric media
A study of the effects of absorption on the nonlinear process of parametric down conversion is presented. Absorption within the nonlinear medium is accounted for by employing the framework of macroscopic QED and the Green tensor quantization of the electromagnetic field. An effective interaction Hamiltonian, which describes the nonlinear interaction of the electric field and the linear noise polarization field, is used to derive the quantum state of the light leaving a nonlinear crystal. The signal and idler modes of this quantum state are found to be a superpositions of the electric and noise polarization fields. Using this state, the expression for the coincident count rates for both Type I and Type II conversion are found. The nonlinear interaction with the noise polarization field were shown to cause an increase in the rate on the order of 10^{-12} for absorption of 10% per cm. This astonishingly small effect is found to be negligible compared to the decay caused by linear absorption of the propagating modes. From the expressions for the biphoton amplitude it can be seen the maximally entangled states can still be produced even in the presence of strong absorption.
J. A. Crosse; Stefan Scheel
A study of the effects of absorption on the nonlinear process of parametric down conversion is presented. Absorption within the nonlinear medium is accounted for by employing the framework of macroscopic QED and the Green tensor quantization of the electromagnetic field. An effective interaction Hamiltonian, which describes the nonlinear interaction of the electric field and the linear noise polarization field, is used to derive the quantum state of the light leaving a nonlinear crystal. The signal and idler modes of this quantum state are found to be a superpositions of the electric and noise polarization fields. Using this state, the expression for the coincident count rates for both Type I and Type II conversion are found. The nonlinear interaction with the noise polarization field were shown to cause an increase in the rate on the order of 10^{-12} for absorption of 10% per cm. This astonishingly small effect is found to be negligible compared to the decay caused by linear absorption of the propagating mo...
Crosse, J A
LAP Transmission Rate
LAP Transmission Rate 4.50 4.00 3.82 3.50 3.00 of 2.50 c 0 2.I2 2.68 I 3: 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012...
Minimizing Variation in Outdoor CPV Power Ratings: Preprint
The CPV community has agreed to have both indoor and outdoor power ratings at the module level. The indoor rating provides a repeatable measure of module performance as it leaves the factory line while the outdoor rating provides a measure of true performance under real world conditions. The challenge with an outdoor rating is that the spectrum, temperature, wind speed, etc are constantly in flux and therefore the resulting power rating varies from day to day and month to month. This work examines different methodologies for determining the outdoor power rating with the goal of minimizing variation even if data are collected under changing meteorological conditions.
Muller, M.; Marion, B.; Rodriguez, J.; Kurtz, S.
Simulation of anisotropic wave propagation in Vertical Seismic Profiles
The influence of elastic anisotropy on seismic wave propagation is often neglected for the sake of simplicity. However, ignoring anisotropy may lead to significant errors in the processing of seismic data and ultimately in a poor image of the subsurface. This is especially true in wide-aperture Vertical Seismic Profiles where waves travel both vertically and horizontally. Anisotropy has been neglected in wavefront construction methods of seismic ray-tracing until Gibson (2000), who showed they are powerful tools to simulate seismic wave propagation in three-dimensional anisotropic subsurface models. The code is currently under development using a C++ object oriented programming approach because it provides high flexibility in the design of new components and facilitates debugging and maintenance of a complex algorithm. So far, the code was used to simulate propagation in homogeneous or simple heterogeneous anisotropic velocity models mainly designed for testing purposes. In particular, it has never been applied to simulate a field dataset. We propose here an analytical method involving little algebra and that allows the design of realistic heterogeneous anisotropic models using the C++ object oriented programming approach. The new model class can model smooth multi-layered subsurface with gradients or models with many dip variations. It has been used to model first arrival times of a wide-aperture VSP dataset from the Gulf of Mexico to estimate the amount of anisotropy. The proposed velocity model is transversely isotropic. The anisotropy is constant throughout the model and is defined via Thomsen's parameters. Values in the final model are epsilon = 0.055 and delta = -0.115. The model is compatible with the a priori knowledge of the local geology and reduces the RMS average time difference between measured and computed travel times by 51% in comparison to the initial isotropic model. These values are realistic and are similar to other measurements of anisotropy in the Gulf of Mexico.
Durussel, Vincent Bernard
Eddy formation and propagation in the eastern tropical Pacific
Observations of eddies in the eastern tropical Pacific from TOPEX altimetry data show that there are seasonal and interannual variations in eddy activity. Comparisons between time of eddy formation and corresponding wind data show that not all eddies are caused by winds blowing offshore from the coast of Central America. Plots of eddy tracks from TOPEX data show that some of these eddies last for over 6 months and travel more than 250 of longitude toward the west. Others go more towards the equator and dissipate quickly. A General Circulation Model is used to study the formation and propagation aspects of these eddies. Results from experiments exploring the formation mechanism show that high frequency wind bursts are sufficient but not necessary for eddy formation in the eastern tropical Pacific. Eddy activity remains almost the same if only the annual harmonic of the wind field is used to force the model. Forcing the model with only the high frequency wind component produces almost no eddies. The formation of eddies during periods of weak offshore winds suggests other possible mechanisms, such as unstable mean flows, for the formation of the eddies. Experiments done to study the propagation of the eddies show that the eddies are greatly affected by the structure of the background flow. Eddies formed in September or October encounter a strong westward flowing current and do not dissipate rapidly. These eddies do not travel south beyond the region of shear between the currents. They last for more than 6 months and travel westward for more than 250 of longitude. Eddies formed in March and April encounter a strong eastward flow dissipate quickly and propagate towards the equator where they disappear. These eddies last for less than four months and cover less than 150 of longitude. Eddies generated in January show properties between these two extreme cases.
Jhingran, Vikas Gopal
Graviton Propagator in a Covariant Massive Gravity Theory
We study the massive gravity theory proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Georgi and Schwartz. In this theory, the graviton becomes massive when general covariance is spontaneously broken through the introduction of a field that links two metrics, one of the which will eventually decouple. The excitation of this "link" field acts like a Goldstone boson in giving mass to the graviton. We work out the graviton and Goldstone boson propagators explicitly by means of gauge fixing terms similar to the renormalizability gauges used in gauge theories. With these propagators, we calculate the lowest order tree-level interaction between two external energy momentum tensors. The result is independent of the gauge parameter, but different from the prediction of massless gravity theory, i.e., general relativity. This difference remains even if the mass of the graviton goes to zero, in which case it gives the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov (vDVZ) discontinuity between the propagators of a massive and massless linearized graviton. Moreover, we show that the Fierz-Pauli graviton mass term can be considered as the ``unitary gauge'' of a more general theory with an extra scalar field. We explicitly construct such a theory in which the vDVZ discontinuity arises with a graviton mass term that is different from the Fierz-Pauli mass term. This theory has a local Weyl symmetry under conformal transformations of the metric. In the case when the mass goes to zero, the Weyl summetry becomes a global symmetry. It is possible that the local Weyl symmetry will give a hint as to the form of the corresponding fully nonlinear theory having a nonzero graviton mass.
Xing Huang; Leonard Parker
Plant Tumor Growth Rates
Plant Tumor Growth Rates Plant Tumor Growth Rates Name: Gina and Maria Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: We are doing a science fair project on if B. Carotene, Green tea, and Grape Seed Extract helps plants against the crown gall disease. We injected sunflowers with agrobacterium tum. one week ago (Sun. Feb. 27, 2000). Our questions is how long will it take for the tumors to grow? We scratched the surface of the stems and injected the agrobacterium in the wound. Also which do you think, in your opinion, will do the best, if any? Our science fair is April 13, do you think we'll have growth before then, atleast enough time to do our conclusion and results? Thank you, any information you forward will be very helpful. Replies: Sunflowers form galls relatively quickly. I usually get them in two weeks at least. Good luck.
Adjusted Growth Rates*
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Jan. '99 to Feb. '99: -1.7% Feb. '98 to Feb. '99: +19.8% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +15.0% 4,100 4,400 4,700 5,000 5,300 5,600 5,900 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons U.S. Distillate Fuel Sales 2011 2012 2013 Adjusted Growth Rates* Jul '13 to Aug '13: 2.5% Aug '12 to Aug '13: -1.3% YTD '12 to YTD '13: 1.5% 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons U.S. Residual Fuel Sales 2011 2012 2013 Adjusted Growth Rates* Jul '13 to Aug '13: -0.8%
reports reports Coal Transportation Rates to the Electric Power Sector With Data through 2010 | Release Date: November 16, 2012 | Next Release Date: December 2013 | Correction Previous editions Year: 2011 2004 Go Figure 1. Deliveries from major coal basins to electric power plants by rail, 2010 Background In this latest release of Coal Transportation Rates to the Electric Power Sector, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) significantly expands upon prior versions of this report with the incorporation of new EIA survey data. Figure 1. Percent of total U.S. rail shipments represented in data figure data Previously, EIA relied solely on data from the U.S. Surface Transportation Board (STB), specifically their confidential Carload Waybill Sample. While valuable, due to the statistical nature of the Waybill data,
Adjusted Growth Rates* Jan.
Adjusted Adjusted Growth Rates* Jan. '99 to Feb. '99: -1.7% Feb. '98 to Feb. '99: +19.8% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +15.0% U.S. Distillate Fuel Sales 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1998 1999 2000 Adjusted Growth Rates* Dec '99 to Jan '00: -7.4% Jan '99 to Jan '00: -0.1% YTD '99 to YTD '00: -0.1% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1998 1999 2000 Adjusted Growth Rates* Dec '99 to Jan '00: -16.8% Jan '99 to Jan '00: -3.2% YTD '99 to YTD '00: -3.2% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1998 1999 2000 Adjusted Growth Rates* Dec '99 to Jan '00: -9.3% Jan '99 to Jan '00: +3.5% YTD '99 to YTD '00: +3.5% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Changing climate
This article reviews a book written by a committee of the National Research Council. The book discussed the Greenhouse Effect which is a warming of the earth's atmosphere caused by the doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. The excess carbon dioxide is pollution derived from the burning of fossil fuels. The report suggested that the warming of the atmosphere would cause thawing of the polar regions which in turn would cause a rise in sea levels and flooding of the coastal lowlands. In addition to the flooding, the report predicted climate changes that would effect the productivity of croplands in the west. The authors of the report stressed that there was no way to avoid this warming of the earth. They suggested that people should start preparing for the inevitable.
Helicase activity on DNA as a propagating front
We develop a propagating front analysis, in terms of a local probability of zipping, for the helicase activity of opening up a double stranded DNA (dsDNA). In a fixed-distance ensemble (conjugate to the fixed-force ensemble) the front separates the zipped and unzipped phases of a dsDNA and a drive acts locally around the front. Bounds from variational analysis and numerical estimates for the speed of a helicase are obtained. Different types of helicase behaviours can be distinguished by the nature of the drive.
Somendra M. Bhattacharjee
Propagation of Nd-laser pulses through crystalline silicon wafers
Propagation of pulses from an Nd:YAG laser (wavelength, 1.064 {mu}m; pulse duration, 270 ns; pulse energy, 225 {mu}J) through crystalline silicon wafers is studied experimentally. Mathematical modelling of the process is performed: the heat conduction equation is solved numerically, the temperature dependences of the absorption and refraction of a substance, as well as generation of nonequilibrium carriers by radiation are taken into account. The constructed model satisfactorily explains the experimentally observed intensity oscillations of transmitted radiation. (interaction of laser radiation with matter)
Kirichenko, N A; Kuzmin, P G; Shcherbina, M E [Wave Research Center, A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Time-dependent simulations of filament propagation in photoconducting switches
The authors present a model for investigating filamentary structures observed in laser-triggered photoswitches. The model simulates electrons and holes in two-dimensional cylindrical (r-z) geometry, with realistic electron and hole mobilities and field dependent impact ionization. Because of the large range of spatial and temporal scales to be resolved, they are using an explicit approach with fast, direct solution of the field equation. A flux limiting scheme is employed to avoid the time-step constraint due to the short time for resistive relaxation in the high density filament. Self-consistent filament propagation with speeds greater than the carrier drift velocity are observed in agreement with experiments.
Rambo, P.W.; Lawson, W.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Capps, C.D.; Falk, R.A. [Boeing Defense & Space Group, Seattle, WA (United States)
The intergalactic propagation of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray nuclei
We investigate the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray nuclei (A = 1-56) from cosmologically distant sources through the cosmic radiation backgrounds. Various models for the injected composition and spectrum and of the cosmic infrared background are studied using updated photodisintegration cross-sections. The observational data on the spectrum and the composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are jointly consistent with a model where all of the injected primary cosmic rays are iron nuclei (or a mixture of heavy and light nuclei).
Hooper, Dan; /Fermilab; Sarkar, Subir; /Oxford U., Theor. Phys.; Taylor, Andrew M.; /Oxford U.
Energy Loss at Propagating Jamming Fronts in Granular Gas Clusters
We explore the initial moments of impact between two dense granular clusters in a two-dimensional geometry. The particles are composed of solid CO$_{2}$ and are levitated on a hot surface. Upon collision, the propagation of a dynamic "jamming front" produces a distinct regime for energy dissipation in a granular gas in which the translational kinetic energy decreases by over 90%. Experiments and associated simulations show that the initial loss of kinetic energy obeys a power law in time, $\\Delta E=-Kt^{3/2}$, a form that can be predicted from kinetic arguments.
Justin C. Burton; Peter Y. Lu; Sidney R. Nagel
Oblique propagation of nonlinear electrostatic waves in dense astrophysical magnetoplasmas
Nonlinear quantum ion-acoustic waves in dense dissipative as well as non-dissipative magnetized plasmas are investigated employing the quantum hydrodynamic model. In this regard, Zakharov Kuznetsov Burgers equation is derived in quantum plasmas, for the first time, using the small amplitude perturbation expansion method. The unique features of nonlinear electrostatic structures in pure electron-ion quantum magnetoplasma are highlighted and the parametric domain of the applicability of the model is unequivocally expressed. The present study may be useful to understand the nonlinear propagation characteristics of electrostatic shock and solitary structures in dense astrophysical systems where the quantum effects are expected to dominate.
Masood, W.; Siddiq, M. [Theoretical Plasma Physics Division, PINSTECH, P. O. Nilore, Islamabad 54000 (Pakistan); National Centre for Physics (NCP), Shahdara Valley Road, 44000, Islamabad (Pakistan); Rizvi, H. [Theoretical Plasma Physics Division, PINSTECH, P. O. Nilore, Islamabad 54000 (Pakistan)
Two-particle Correlation Functions with Distilled Propagators
Correlation functions of the simplest multi-particle state will be presented using distilled quark propagators. The I=2 pi-pi state can be simulated without computing disconnected diagrams and thus is the simplest two-particle state that can be studied with quark sources placed on a single time-slice. We study the quality of the signals of this pi-pi correlation function using the quark-smearing guided distillation method. Results will be presented for pi-pi correlation functions computed on dynamical, anisotropic lattices.
Bulava, J; Morningstar, C J; Peardon, M J; Wong, C H
J. Bulava; K. J. Juge; C. J. Morningstar; M. J. Peardon; C. H. Wong
Rate Adjustments and Public Involvement
Rate Adjustments and Public Involvement Documents Rate Adjustments and Public Involvement Documents CRSP Transmission 9/16/2013 WAPA-161 FRN, CRSP transmission and ancillary services rates extension Letter announcing two-year extension to CRSP transmission and ancillary services rates Letter announcing revised CRSP transmission rates for FY 2014 Accompanying calculation table for FY 2014 CRSP transmission rate letter Letter announcing revised CRSP transmission rates for FY 2013 Letter announcing revised CRSP transmission rates for FY 2012 Letter announcing revised CRSP transmission rates for FY 2011 Letter announcing revised CRSP transmission rates for FY 2010 SLCA/IP 9/16/2013 WAPA-161 FRN, SLCA/IP firm power rate extension Letter announcing two-year extension to SLCA/IP firm power rate SLCA/IP Tentative Rate Adjustment Schedule
June '99 to July '99: -5.4% June '99 to July '99: -5.4% July '98 to July '99: +3.3% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +6.3% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* June '99 to July '99: -0.5% July '98 to July '99: -0.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +1.1% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* June '99 to July '99: +0.5% July '98 to July '99: +1.0% YTD '98 to YTD '99: -0.3% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* June '99 to July '99: +1.5% July '98 to July '99: +10.2% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +7.2%
Nov '99 to Dec '99: +5.3% Nov '99 to Dec '99: +5.3% Dec '98 to Dec '99: +8.7% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +5.0% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Nov '99 to Dec '99: +6.0% Dec '98 to Dec '99: +4.5% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +1.3% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Nov '99 to Dec '99: +2.4% Dec '98 to Dec '99: +3.0% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +0.9% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Nov '99 to Dec '99: +32.3% Dec '98 to Dec '99: +2.0% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +5.5%
Oct '99 to Nov '99: +0.1% Oct '99 to Nov '99: +0.1% Nov '98 to Nov '99: +5.5% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +4.5% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Oct '99 to Nov '99: -0.7% Nov '98 to Nov '99: +1.7% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +1.1% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Oct '99 to Nov '99: +2.5% Nov '98 to Nov '99: +6.0% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +0.8% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Oct '99 to Nov '99: +9.7% Nov '98 to Nov '99: +2.2% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +6.2%
Sep '99 to Oct '99: +3.9% Sep '99 to Oct '99: +3.9% Oct '98 to Oct '99: +2.3% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +4.4% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Sep '99 to Oct '99: -0.2% Oct '98 to Oct '99: -0.9% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +1.0% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Sep '99 to Oct '99: -1.9% Oct '98 to Oct '99: -0.7% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +0.4% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Sep '99 to Oct '99: -2.1% Oct '98 to Oct '99: -6.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +6.6%
July '99 to Aug. '99: +4.7% July '99 to Aug. '99: +4.7% Aug. '98 to Aug. '99: +1.3% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +4.7% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* July '99 to Aug. '99: -1.9% Aug. '98 to Aug. '99: -0.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +0.9% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* July '99 to Aug. '99: -0.1% Aug. '98 to Aug. '99: -1.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: -0.7% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* July '99 to Aug. '99: +22.3% Aug. '98 to Aug. '99: +21.1%
Aug '99 to Sep '99: +4.9% Aug '99 to Sep '99: +4.9% Sep '98 to Sep '99: +4.7% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +4.7% U.S. Motor Gasoline Sales 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Aug '99 to Sep '99: -2.4% Sep '98 to Sep '99: +0.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +1.3% U.S. Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Aug '99 to Sep '99: -2.1% Sep '98 to Sep '99: +4.6% YTD '98 to YTD '99: 0.0% U.S. Propane Sales 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Millions of Gallons 1997 1998 1999 Adjusted Growth Rates* Aug '99 to Sep '99: +7.3% Sep '98 to Sep '99: +8.4% YTD '98 to YTD '99: +8.3%
Self-Assembling Sup-porosity: The Effect On Fluid Flow And Seismic Wave Propagation
Fractures and joints in the field often contain debris within the void spaces. Debris originates from many different mechanisms: organic and/or inorganic chemical reactions/mineralization, sediment transport, formation of a fracture, mechanical weathering or combinations of these processes. In many cases, the presence of debris forms a �??sub-porosity�?� within the fracture void space. This sub-porosity often is composed of material that differs from the fracture walls in mineralogy and morphology. The �??sub-porosity�?� may partially fill voids that are on the order of hundreds of microns and thereby reduce the local porosity to lengths scales on the order of sub-microns to tens of microns. It is quite clear that a sub-porosity affects fracture porosity, permeability and storativity. What is not known is how the existence/formation of a sub-porosity affects seismic wave propagation and consequently our ability to probe changes in the subsurface caused by the formation or alteration of a sub-porosity. If seismic techniques are to be developed to monitor the injection and containment of phases in sequestration reservoirs or the propping of hydraulically induced fracture to enhance oil & gas production, it is important to understand how a sub-porosity within a fracture affects macroscopic seismic and hydraulic measurements. A sub-porosity will directly affect the interrelationship between the seismic and hydraulic properties of a fracture. This reports contains the results of the three main topics of research that were performed (1) to determine the effect of a sub-porosity composed of spherical grains on seismic wave propagation across fractures, (2) to determine the effect of biofilm growth in pores and between grains on seismic wave propagation in sediment, and (3) to determine the effect of the scale of observation (field-of-view) on monitoring alteration the pore space within a fracture caused by reactive flow. A brief summary of the results for each topic is contained in the report and the full details of the research and approach are contained in the publications found in the Attachment section of this report. A list of presentation and publications of all work associated with this grant is also provided.
Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J. [Purdue University
Voter Model with Time dependent Flip-rates
We introduce time variation in the flip-rates of the Voter Model. This type of generalisation is relevant to models of ageing in language change, allowing the representation of changes in speakers' learning rates over their lifetime and may be applied to any other similar model in which interaction rates at the microscopic level change with time. The mean time taken to reach consensus varies in a nontrivial way with the rate of change of the flip-rates, varying between bounds given by the mean consensus times for static homogeneous (the original Voter Model) and static heterogeneous flip-rates. By considering the mean time between interactions for each agent, we derive excellent estimates of the mean consensus times and exit probabilities for any time scale of flip-rate variation. The scaling of consensus times with population size on complex networks is correctly predicted, and is as would be expected for the ordinary voter model. Heterogeneity in the initial distribution of opinions has a strong effect, considerably reducing the mean time to consensus, while increasing the probability of survival of the opinion which initially occupies the most slowly changing agents. The mean times to reach consensus for different states are very different. An opinion originally held by the fastest changing agents has a smaller chance to succeed, and takes much longer to do so than an evenly distributed opinion.
G. J. Baxter
Intraclass Price Elasticity & Electric Rate Design
Electric rate design relies on cost incurrance for pricing and pricing structures. However, as utilities move into a marketing mode, rate design needs to respond more to customer reactions to pricing changes. Intraclass price elasticities aid rate designers by estimating customer behavior to change. Intraclass price elasticities vary with customer usage. The more energy used by a customer, the greater the amount of elasticity. For an industrial customer, this means that all energy consumed up to the amount necessary for base operations is relatively inelastic. All energy consumption beyond this becomes more elastic as usage increases. In the book "Innovative Electric Rates," John Chamberlin and Charles Dickson utilize an economic model to test conservation programs. This model utilizes intraclass price elasticities and has a direct use in current electric rate design. The model is a strong indicator of how best a company's electric prices and pricing structures manage demand-side growth, increase energy sales consumption, and aide in non-discriminatory economic development.
Gresham, K. E.
Application of Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis to the Fabrication of Actinide Bearing Nitride and Other Ceramic Nuclear Fuels
The high vapor pressures of americium (Am) and americium nitride (AmN) are cause for concern in producing nitride ceramic nuclear fuel that contains Am. Along with the problem of Am retention during the sintering phases of current processing methods, are additional concerns of producing a consistent product of desirable homogeneity, density and porosity. Similar difficulties have been experienced during the laboratory scale process development stage of producing metal alloys containing Am wherein compact powder sintering methods had to be abandoned. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-temperature or low�heat fuel fabrication process for the synthesis of Am-containing ceramic fuels. Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), also called combustion synthesis, offers such an alternative process for the synthesis of Am nitride fuels. Although SHS takes thermodynamic advantage of the high combustion temperatures of these exothermic SHS reactions to synthesize the required compounds, the very fast heating, reaction and cooling rates can kinetically generate extremely fast reaction rates and facilitate the retention of volatile species within the rapidly propagating SHS reaction front. The initial objective of the research program is to use Mn as the surrogate for Am to synthesize a reproducible, dense, high quality Zr-Mn-N ceramic compound. Having determined the fundamental SHS reaction parameters and optimized SHS processing steps using Mn as the surrogate for Am, the technology will be transferred to Idaho National Laboratory to successfully synthesize a high quality Zr-Am-N ceramic fuel.
John J. Moore, Douglas E. Burkes, Collin D. Donohoue, Marissa M. Reigel, J. Rory Kennedy
Very preliminary. Please do not quote. EXCHANGE RATES AND FUNDAMENTALS
Standard economic models hold that exchange rates are influenced by fundamental variables such as relative money supplies, outputs, inflation rates and interest rates. Nonetheless, it has been well documented that such variables little help predict changes in floating exchange rates � that is, exchange rates follow a random walk. We show that the data do exhibit a related link suggested by standard models � that the exchange rate helps predict fundamentals. We also show analytically that in a rational expectations present value model, an asset price manifests near random walk behavior if fundamentals are I(1) and the factor for discounting future fundamentals is near one. We suggest that this may apply to exchange rates. We thank Shiu-Sheng Chen and Akito Matsumoto for research assistance, and the National Science Foundation for financial support. A longstanding puzzle in international economics is the difficulty of tying floating exchange rates to macroeconomic fundamentals such as money supplies, outputs, and interest rates. Our theories state that the exchange rate is determined by such fundamental variables, but floating exchange rates between countries with roughly similar inflation rates are in fact well-approximated as random walks. Fundamental variables do not help predict future changes in exchange rates.
A turnstile mechanism for fronts propagating in fluid flows
We consider the propagation of fronts in a periodically driven flowing medium. It is shown that the progress of fronts in these systems may be mediated by a turnstile mechanism akin to that found in chaotic advection. We first define the modified ("active") turnstile lobes according to the evolution of point sources across a transport boundary. We then show that the lobe boundaries may be constructed from stable and unstable \\emph{burning invariant manifolds}---one-way barriers to front propagation analogous to traditional invariant manifolds for passive advection. Because the burning invariant manifolds (BIMs) are one-dimensional curves in a three-dimensional ($xy\\theta$) phase space, their projection into $xy$-space exhibits several key differences from their advective counterparts: (lobe) areas are not preserved, BIMs may self-intersect, and an intersection between stable and unstable BIMs does not map to another such intersection. These differences must be accommodated in the correct construction of the new turnstile. As an application, we consider a lobe-based treatment protocol for protecting an ocean bay from an invading algae bloom.
John R. Mahoney; Kevin A. Mitchell
PROPANE: An Environment for Examining the Propagation of Errors
In order to produce reliable software, it is important to have knowledge on how faults and errors may affect the software. In particular, designing efficient error detection mechanisms requires not only knowledge on which types of errors to detect but also the effect these errors may have on the software as well as how they propagate through the software. This paper presents the Propagation Analysis Environment (PROPANE) which is a tool for profiling and conducting fault injection experiments on software running on desktop computers. PROPANE supports the injection of both software faults (by mutation of source code) and data errors (by manipulating variable and memory contents). PROPANE supports various error types out-of-the-box and has support for user-defined error types. For logging, probes are provided for charting the values of variables and memory areas as well as for registering events during execution of the system under test. PROPANE has a flexible design making it useful for development of a wide range of software systems, e.g., embedded software, generic software components, or user-level desktop applications. We show examples of results obtained using PROPANE and how these can guide software developers to where software error detection and recovery could increase the reliability of the software system.
Martin Hiller; Arshad Jhumka; Neeraj Suri
Quantum nondemolition detection of a propagating microwave photon
The ability to detect the presence of a single, travelling photon without destroying it has been a long standing project in optics and is fundamental for applications in quantum information and measurement. The realization of such a detector has been complicated by the fact that photon- photon interactions are very weak at optical frequencies. At microwave frequencies, very strong photon-photon interactions have been demonstrated. Here however, the single-photon detector has been elusive due to the low energy of the microwave photon. In this article, we present a realistic proposal for quantum nondemolition measurements of a single propagating microwave photon. The detector design is built on a of chain of artificial atoms connected through circulators which break time-reversal symmetry, making both signal and probe photons propagate in one direction only. Our analysis is based on the theory of cascaded quantum systems and quantum trajectories which takes the full dynamics of the atom-field interaction into account. We show that a signal-to-noise ratio above one can be realized with current state of the art microwave technology.
Sankar R. Sathyamoorthy; L. Tornberg; Anton F. Kockum; Ben Q. Baragiola; Joshua Combes; C. M. Wilson; Thomas M. Stace; G. Johansson
Heatpulse Propagation Studies on DIII-D and TFTR
Sawtooth phenomena have been studied on DIII-D and TFTR. In the experiments, with high power neutral beam injection the sawtooth characteristics were studied with fast electron temperature (ECE) and soft x-ray diagnostics. A strong ballistic electron heat pulse is found on DIII-D, stronger than was previously reported on TFTR. Evidence is presented in this paper that the ballistic effect is related to the sawtooth precursor. Fast, 2 msec interval, measurements on DIII-D were made of the ion temperature evolution following the sawtooth to document the ion heat pulse characteristics. It is found that the ion heat pulse does not exhibit the very fast, ''ballistic'' behavior seen for the electrons. Further, both the electron and ion heat pulses from partial sawtooth crashes and similar events are seen to propagate at speeds close to those expected from the power balance calculations of the thermal diffusivities. These results suggest that the fast sawtooth induced heat pulse propagation is not a feature of non-linear transport models, but that MHD events can have a strong effect on thermal transport.
Fredrickson, E.; Austin, M.E.; Groebner, R.; Manicham, J.; et al
MHD Wave Propagation in the Neighbourhood of Two Null Points
The nature of fast magnetoacoustic and Alfv\\'en waves is investigated in a zero $\\beta$ plasma in the neighbourhood of a pair of two-dimensional null points. This gives an indication of wave propagation in the low $\\beta$ solar corona, for a more complicated magnetic configuration than that looked at by McLaughlin & Hood (2004). It is found that the fast wave is attracted to the null points and that the front of the wave slows down as it approaches the null point pair, with the wave splitting and part of the wave accumulating at one null and the rest at the other. Current density will then accumulate at these points and ohmic dissipation will then extract the energy in the wave at these points. This suggests locations where wave heating will occur in the corona. The Alfv\\'en wave behaves in a different manner in that the wave accumulates along the separatrices. Hence, the current density will accumulate at this part of the topology and this is where wave heating will occur. However, the phenomenon of wave accumulation at a specific place is a feature of both wave types, and illustrates the importance of studying the topology of the corona when considering MHD wave propagation.
J. A. McLaughlin; A. W. Hood
The solar cycle and its associated magnetic activity are the main drivers behind changes in the interplanetary environment and Earth's upper atmosphere (commonly referred to as space weather). These changes have a direct impact on the lifetime of space-based assets and can create hazards to astronauts in space. In recent years there has been an effort to develop accurate solar cycle predictions (with aims at predicting the long-term evolution of space weather), leading to nearly a hundred widely spread predictions for the amplitude of solar cycle 24. A major contributor to the disagreement is the lack of direct long-term databases covering different components of the solar magnetic field (toroidal versus poloidal). Here, we use sunspot area and polar faculae measurements spanning a full century (as our toroidal and poloidal field proxies) to study solar cycle propagation, memory, and prediction. Our results substantiate predictions based on the polar magnetic fields, whereas we find sunspot area to be uncorrelated with cycle amplitude unless multiplied by area-weighted average tilt. This suggests that the joint assimilation of tilt and sunspot area is a better choice (with aims to cycle prediction) than sunspot area alone, and adds to the evidence in favor of active region emergence and decay as the main mechanism of poloidal field generation (i.e., the Babcock-Leighton mechanism). Finally, by looking at the correlation between our poloidal and toroidal proxies across multiple cycles, we find solar cycle memory to be limited to only one cycle.
Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres; DeLuca, Edward E. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Dasi-Espuig, Maria [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany); Balmaceda, Laura A., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute for Astronomical, Terrestrial and Space Sciences (ICATE-CONICET), San Juan (Argentina)
A multiple-mode three-dimensional model of VLF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide in the presence of localized D region disturbances
Transient localized D region disturbances, such as those associated with lightning discharges, affect the characteristics of VLF waves propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. In particular, both phase and amplitude changes in the subionospheric signal can be observed at receiving sites as a result of the wave scattering that takes place in the disturbed region. In the present paper we present a multiple-mode three- dimensional model of VLF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide in the presence of localized D region disturbances. The model takes into account great circle (GC) propagation paths with realistic ground and ionospheric conductivity changes that result in mode conversion along the path. It is assumed that conductivity changes transverse to the GC paths are negligible except in the vicinity of the D region disturbance and that mode coupling is negligible within the distributed region. This new model is applied to experimental observations and is found to be in general agreement. The diagnostics potential of the model for characterizing energetic particle precipitation events is discussed. 33 refs., 14 figs.
Poulsen, W.L.; Inan, U.S.; Bell, T.F. (Stanford Univ., CA (United States))
A compact pulse-rate divider circuit affording low impedance output and high input pulse repetition rates is described. The circuit features a single secondary emission tube having a capacitor interposed between its dynode and its control grid. An output pulse is produced at the anode of the tube each time an incoming pulse at the control grid drives the tube above cutoff and the duration of each output pulse corresponds to the charging time of the capacitor. Pulses incoming during the time the grid bias established by the discharging capacitor is sufficiently negative that the pulses are unable to drive the tube above cutoff do not produce output pulses at the anode; these pulses are lost and a dividing action is thus produced by the circuit. The time constant of the discharge path may be vanied to vary in turn the division ratio of the circuit; the time constant of the charging circuit may be varied to vary the width of the output pulses. (AEC)
McDonald, H.C. Jr.
Characteristics of spot-market rate indexes for truckload transportation
In the truckload transportation industry in the United States, a number of indexes are published that attempt to measure changes in rates, but no single index has emerged as an industry standard. Industry participants, ...
Bignell, Andrew (Andrew Souglas)
EZ-Tax: Tax Salience and Tax Rates
This paper examines whether the salience of a tax system affects equilibrium tax rates. I analyze how tolls change after toll facilities adopt electronic toll collection (ETC); drivers are substantially less aware of tolls ...
Finkelstein, Amy
Currency Choice and Exchange Rate Pass-Through
We show, using novel data on currency and prices for US imports, that even conditional on a price change, there is a large difference in the exchange rate pass-through of the average good priced in dollars (25 percent) ...
Gopinath, Gita
Propagation of a plasma inhomogeneity in gases with a differential ambipolar drift of variable direction
The formation and propagation of a plasma inhomogeneity in the form of a solitary wave is studied for gas discharges with differential ambipolar plasma drift. (AIP)
Vysikailo, F.I.; Chulkov, V.V.
Global Changes of the Water Cycle Intensity
In this study, numerical simulations of the twentieth-century climate are evaluated, focusing on the changes in the intensity of the global water cycle. A new model diagnostic of atmospheric water vapor cycling rate is developed and employed that ...
Michael G. Bosilovich; Siegfried D. Schubert; Gregory K. Walker
NREL: PVWatts - How to Change Parameters
Change Parameters Change Parameters The PVWattsTM calculator allows users to substitute its default input parameters with custom values. Learn how to change the PVWatts parameters for: DC rating DC-to-AC derate factor Array type Tilt angle Azimuth angle Electricity cost DC Rating The size of a photovoltaic (PV) system is its nameplate DC power rating. This is determined by adding the PV module power listed on the nameplates of the PV modules in watts and then dividing the sum by 1,000 to convert it to kilowatts (kW). PV module power ratings are for standard test conditions (STC) of 1,000 W/m2 solar irradiance and 25°C PV module temperature. The default PV system size is 4 kW. This corresponds to a PV array area of approximately 35 m2 (377 ft2). Caution: For correct results, the DC rating input must be the nameplate DC
Propagation of nonclassical correlations across a quantum spin chain
We study the transport of quantum correlations across a chain of interacting spin-1/2 particles. As a quantitative figure of merit, we choose a symmetric version of quantum discord and compare it with the transported entanglement, addressing various operating regimes of the spin medium. Discord turns out to be better transported for a wide range of working points and initial conditions of the system. We relate this behavior to the efficiency of propagation of a single excitation across the spin chain. Moreover, we point out the role played by a magnetic field in the dynamics of discord in the effective channel embodied by the chain. Our analysis can be interestingly extended to transport processes in more complex networks and the study of nonclassical correlations under general quantum channels.
Campbell, S. [Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Physics Department, University College Cork, Cork (Ireland); Quantum Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa (Japan); Apollaro, T. J. G. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, IT-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Di Franco, C. [Physics Department, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (Ireland); Banchi, L.; Cuccoli, A. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, IT-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); INFN Sezione di Firenze, via G.Sansone 1, IT-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Vaia, R. [Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, IT-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Plastina, F. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita della Calabria, IT-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Italy); INFN Gruppo collegato di Cosenza, Universita della Calabria, IT-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (Italy); Paternostro, M. [Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
In this dissertation, they have undertaken the challenge to understand the unusual propagation properties of the photonic crystal (PC). The photonic crystal is a medium where the dielectric function is periodically modulated. These types of structures are characterized by bands and gaps. In other words, they are characterized by frequency regions where propagation is prohibited (gaps) and regions where propagation is allowed (bands). In this study they focus on two-dimensional photonic crystals, i.e., structures with periodic dielectric patterns on a plane and translational symmetry in the perpendicular direction. They start by studying a two-dimensional photonic crystal system for frequencies inside the band gap. The inclusion of a line defect introduces allowed states in the otherwise prohibited frequency spectrum. The dependence of the defect resonance state on different parameters such as size of the structure, profile of incoming source, etc., is investigated in detail. For this study, they used two popular computational methods in photonic crystal research, the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) and the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). The results for the one-dimensional defect system are analyzed, and the two methods, FDTD and TMM, are compared. Then, they shift their attention only to periodic two-dimensional crystals, concentrate on their band properties, and study their unusual refractive behavior. Anomalous refractive phenomena in photonic crystals included cases where the beam refracts on the ''wrong'' side of the surface normal. The latter phenomenon, is known as negative refraction and was previously observed in materials where the wave vector, the electric field, and the magnetic field form a left-handed set of vectors. These materials are generally called left-handed materials (LHM) or negative index materials (NIM). They investigated the possibility that the photonic crystal behaves as a LHM, and how this behavior relates with the observed negatively refractive phenomena. They found that in the PC system, negative refraction is neither a prerequisite nor guarantees left-handed behavior. They examined carefully the condition to obtain left-handed behavior in the PC. They proposed a wedge type of experiment, in accordance with the experiment performed on the traditional LHM, to test these conditions. They found that for certain frequencies the PC shows left-handed behavior and acts in some respects like a homogeneous medium with a negative refractive index. they used the realistic PC system for this case to show how negative refraction occurs at the interface between a material with a positive and a material with a negative refractive index. Their findings indicate that the formation of the negatively refracted beam is not instantaneous and involves a transient time. With this time-dependent analysis, they were able to address previous controversial issues about negative refraction concerning causality and the speed of light limit. Finally, they attempt a systematic study of anomalous refractive phenomena that can occur at the air-PC interface. They observe cases where only a single refracted beam (in the positive or negative direction) is present, as well as cases with birefringence. they classify these different effects according to their origin and type of propagation (left-handed or not). For a complete study of the system, they also obtain expressions for the energy and group velocities, and show their equality. For cases with very low index contrast, band folding becomes an artificiality. They discuss the validity of their findings when they move to the limit of photonic crystals with a low index modulation.
Stavroula Foteinopoulou
Angle of crack propagation for a vertical hydraulic fracture
Using the strain-energy-density-factor (S) theory, the positive fracture angle +theta/sub o/ (the initial fracture angle of crack propagation) of a near-vertical crack is predicted by using the opening- and sliding-mode stress-intensity factors in the presence of the overburden pressure, the least in situ horizontal principal stress, and the borehole fluid pressure. The crack spreads in the positive theta/sub o/ direction (counter-clockwise) in the plane for which S is a minimum, S/sub min/. It was verified that S/sub min/ is greater than or equal to S/sub c/. The quantity S/sub c/ is defined as the critical value of S, and remains essentially constant. Of interest is the numerical example for calculating fracture angle and the critical uniform borehole fluid pressure required to initiate fracture at such an angle for the present LASL Dry Hot Rock Geothermal Energy Program. (auth)
Sarda, J.P.; Hsu, Y.C.
Above Bonneville Passage and Propagation Cost Effectiveness Analysis.
We have developed several models to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies to mitigate hydrosystem impacts on salmon and steelhead, and applied these models to areas of the Columbia River Basin. Our latest application evaluates the cost-effectiveness of proposed strategies that target mainstem survival (e.g., predator control, increases in water velocity) and subbasin propagation (e.g., habitat improvements, screening, hatchery production increases) for chinook salmon and steelhead stocks, in the portion of the Columbia Basin bounded by Bonneville, Chief Joseph, Dworshak, and Hells Canyon darns. At its core the analysis primarily considers financial cost and biological effectiveness, but we have included other attributes which may be of concern to the region.
Paulsen, C.M.; Hyman, J.B.; Wernstedt, K.
Proposal for a coherent quantum memory for propagating microwave photons
We describe a multi-mode quantum memory for propagating microwave photons that combines a solid-state spin ensemble resonantly coupled to a frequency tunable single-mode microwave cavity. We first show that high efficiency mapping of the quantum state transported by a free photon to the spin ensemble is possible both for strong and weak coupling between the cavity mode and the spin ensemble. We also show that even in the weak coupling limit unit efficiency and faithful retrieval can be obtained through time reversal inhomogeneous dephasing based on spin echo techniques. This is possible provided that the cavity containing the spin ensemble and the transmission line are impedance matched. We finally discuss the prospects for an experimental implementation using a rare-earth doped crystal coupled to a superconducting resonator.
M. Afzelius; N. Sangouard; G. Johansson; M. U. Staudt; C. M. Wilson
Propagation of Chaos for a Thermostated Kinetic Model
We consider a system of N point particles moving on a d-dimensional torus. Each particle is subject to a uniform field E and random speed conserving collisions. This model is a variant of the Drude-Lorentz model of electrical conduction. In order to avoid heating by the external field, the particles also interact with a Gaussian thermostat which keeps the total kinetic energy of the system constant. The thermostat induces a mean-field type of interaction between the particles. Here we prove that, starting from a product measure, in the large N limit, the one particle velocity distribution satisfies a self consistent Vlasov-Boltzmann equation.. This is a consequence of "propagation of chaos", which we also prove for this model.
F. Bonetto; E. A. Carlen; R. Esposito; J. L. Lebowitz; R. Marra
Propagation of radiation in fluctuating multiscale plasmas. I. Kinetic theory
A theory for propagation of radiation in a large scale plasma with small scale fluctuations is developed using a kinetic description in terms of the probability distribution function of the radiation in space, time, and wavevector space. Large scale effects associated with spatial variations in the plasma density and refractive index of the plasma wave modes and small scale effects such as scattering of radiation by density clumps in fluctuating plasma, spontaneous emission, damping, and mode conversion are included in a multiscale kinetic description of the radiation. Expressions for the Stokes parameters in terms of the probability distribution function of the radiation are used to enable radiation properties such as intensity and polarization to be calculated.
Tyshetskiy, Yu.; Pal Singh, Kunwar; Thirunavukarasu, A.; Robinson, P. A.; Cairns, Iver H. [School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia)
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Uranium Error Propagation
The Hazards Control Department at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) uses Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) technology to analyze uranium in urine. The ICP/MS used by the Hazards Control Department is a Perkin-Elmer Elan 6000 ICP/MS. The Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program requires that the total error be assessed for bioassay measurements. A previous evaluation of the errors associated with the ICP/MS measurement of uranium demonstrated a {+-} 9.6% error in the range of 0.01 to 0.02 {micro}g/l. However, the propagation of total error for concentrations above and below this level have heretofore been undetermined. This document is an evaluation of the errors associated with the current LLNL ICP/MS method for a more expanded range of uranium concentrations.
Hickman, D P; Maclean, S; Shepley, D; Shaw, R K
We perform numerical simulations of gravity mode propagation in a convective layer to investigate the observed association between small spatial scales and low frequencies in the photospheric velocity fields. According to the linear theory, when the fluid layer is convectively unstable, gravity modes are evanescent waves. However, in simple two-dimensional numerical settings, we find that when the equilibrium structure is modified by coherent large-scale convective motions, the waves injected at the bottom of the layer are no longer evanescent. In this situation, gravity waves can be detected at the surface of the layer. In our simplified model the injected wave's frequency remains unchanged, but its amplitude has a spatial modulation determined by the convective structure. This result may explain some analyses done with the proper orthogonal decomposition method of the solar surface velocity field even though solar convection is far more complex than the convection model considered here.
Onofri, M.; Vecchio, A.; Veltri, P. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita della Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (Italy); De Masi, G., E-mail: email@example.com [Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, 35127 Padova (Italy)
Intramolecular ET Rates in Modified Ferrocytochromes c
Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Rates on Driving Force, pH, Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Rates on Driving Force, pH, and Temperature in Ammineruthenium-Modified Ferrocytochromes c James F. Wishart, Ji Sun, Myung Cho, Chang Su, and Stephan S. Isied J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 687-693 (1997) [Find paper at ACS Publications] or use ACS Articles on Request Abstract: Several ruthenium ammine complexes were used to modify horse-heart cytochrome c at histidine-33, creating a series of (NH3)4(L)Ru-Cyt c derivatives (L = H2O/OH-, ammonia, 4-ethylpyridine, 3,5-lutidine, pyridine, isonicotinamide, N-methylpyrazinium) with a wide range of driving forces for Fe-to-Ru electron transfer (-DG° = -0.125 to +0.46 eV). Electron-transfer rates and activation parameters were measured by pulse radiolysis using azide or carbonate radicals. The driving-force dependence
Propagation of Neutrinos through Magnetized Gamma-Ray Burst Fireball
The neutrino self-energy is calculated in a weakly magnetized plasma consists of electrons, protons, neutrons and their anti-particles and using this we have calculated the neutrino effective potential up to order $M^{-4}_W$. In the absence of magnetic field it reduces to the known result. We have also calculated explicitly the effective potentials for different backgrounds which may be helpful in different environments. By considering the mixing of three active neutrinos in the medium with the magnetic field we have derived the survival and conversion probabilities of neutrinos from one flavor to another and also the resonance condition is derived. As an application of the above, we considered the dense and relativistic plasma of the Gamma-Ray Bursts fireball through which neutrinos of 5-30 MeV can propagate and depending on the fireball parameters they may oscillate resonantly or non-resonantly from one flavor to another. These MeV neutrinos are produced due to stellar collapse or merger events which trigger the Gamma-Ray Burst. The fireball itself also produces MeV neutrinos due to electron positron annihilation, inverse beta decay and nucleonic bremsstrahlung. Using the three neutrino mixing and considering the best fit values of the neutrino parameters, we found that electron neutrinos are hard to oscillate to another flavors. On the other hand, the muon neutrinos and the tau neutrinos oscillate with equal probability to one another, which depends on the neutrino energy, temperature and size of the fireball. Comparison of oscillation probabilities with and without magnetic field shows that, they depend on the neutrino energy and also on the size of the fireball. By using the resonance condition, we have also estimated the resonance length of the propagating neutrinos as well as the baryon content of the fireball.
Sarira Sahu; Nissim Fraija; Yong-Yeon Keum
Reducing Network Energy Consumption via Sleeping and Rate-Adaptation
to save power when routers are idle. The performance states we assume dynamically change the rate of links where ps states reduce power consumption by lowering the rate at which work consumption. We also assume a penalty for transitioning between power states. For simplicity, we measure
Ratnasamy, Sylvia
A compact laser system is disclosed that removes surface coatings (such as paint, dirt, etc.) at a removal rate as high as 1,000 ft{sup 2}/hr or more without damaging the surface. A high repetition rate laser with multiple amplification passes propagating through at least one optical amplifier is used, along with a delivery system consisting of a telescoping and articulating tube which also contains an evacuation system for simultaneously sweeping up the debris produced in the process. The amplified beam can be converted to an output beam by passively switching the polarization of at least one amplified beam. The system also has a personal safety system which protects against accidental exposures.
Matthews, D.L.; Celliers, P.M.; Hackel, L.; Da Silva, L.B.; Dane, C.B.; Mrowka, S.
Analysis of Water Rate Escalations across the United States
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Analysis of Water Rate Escalations across the United States Analysis of Water Rate Escalations across the United States Elisabeth Giever Kate McMordie Stoughton Susan Loper October 2010 Executive Summary This document provides an overview of an analysis that examined changes in water rates across the country to develop a basic understanding of water rate escalations and how water rates are impacted from outside influences. The analysis investigated how water rates are influenced by the geographic region, water source, and drought tendencies. For example, one observation of the analysis found that cities located in regions of long term drought may have higher escalation rates than cities in water rich environments. Typical escalation rates were found to be between 4 and 8%. This information can be
Temperature and Dwell Dependence of Fatigue Crack Propagation ...
within the hot zone and a Eurotherm 815 thermo-controller. For tests in ..... Conference: Power Generation in an Era of Climate Change, 11-. 13 Sept. 2007
Rate Schedules | Department of Energy
Rate Schedules Rate Schedules Rate Schedules One of the major responsibilities of Southeastern is to design, formulate, and justify rate schedules. Repayment studies prepared by the agency determine revenue requirements and appropriate rate levels and these studies for each of Southeastern's four power marketing systems are updated annually. They demonstrate the adequacy of the rates for each system. Rates are considered to be adequate when revenues are sufficient to repay all costs associated with power production and transmission costs, which include the amortization of the Federal investment allocated to power. Latest Rate Schedules October 1, 2012 ALA-1-N Wholesale Power Rate Schedule Area: PowerSouth Energy Cooperative System: Georgia-Alabama-South Carolina October 1, 2012
electric rates | OpenEI
electric rates electric rates Dataset Summary Description This dataset, compiled by NREL and Ventyx, provides average residential, commercial and industrial electricity rates by zip code for both investor owned utilities (IOU) and non-investor owned utilities. Note: the file includes average rates for each utility, but not the detailed rate structure data found in the database available via the zip-code look-up feature on the OpenEI Utilities page (http://en.openei.org/wiki/Gateway:Utilities). The data was released by NREL/Ventyx in February 2011. Source NREL and Ventyx Date Released February 24th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords electric rates rates US utilities Data text/csv icon IOU rates by zipcode (csv, 1.7 MiB) text/csv icon Non-IOU rates by zipcode (csv, 2.1 MiB)
Modeling and optimization of the growth rate for ZnO thin films using neural networks and genetic algorithms
The process modeling for the growth rate in pulsed laser deposition (PLD)-grown ZnO thin films was investigated using neural networks (NNets) based on the back-propagation (BP) algorithm and the process recipes was optimized via genetic algorithms (GAs). ... Keywords: Genetic algorithms, Neural networks, PLD, Process modeling, ZnO
Young-Don Ko; Pyung Moon; Chang Eun Kim; Moon-Ho Ham; Jae-Min Myoung; Ilgu Yun
Lab announces security changes
Lab announces security changes Lab announces security changes The Laboratory is implementing several changes to its security procedures as the result of a recent security...
National Utility Rate Database: Preprint
When modeling solar energy technologies and other distributed energy systems, using high-quality expansive electricity rates is essential. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed a utility rate platform for entering, storing, updating, and accessing a large collection of utility rates from around the United States. This utility rate platform lives on the Open Energy Information (OpenEI) website, OpenEI.org, allowing the data to be programmatically accessed from a web browser, using an application programming interface (API). The semantic-based utility rate platform currently has record of 1,885 utility rates and covers over 85% of the electricity consumption in the United States.
Ong, S.; McKeel, R.
Exploiting the Path Propagation Time Differences in Multipath Transmission with FEC
We consider a transmission of a delay-sensitive data stream from a single source to a single destination. The reliability of this transmission may suffer from bursty packet losses - the predominant type of failures in today's Internet. An effective and well studied solution to this problem is to protect the data by a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code and send the FEC packets over multiple paths. In this paper we show that the performance of such a multipath FEC scheme can often be further improved. Our key observation is that the propagation times on the available paths often significantly differ, typically by 10-100ms. We propose to exploit these differences by appropriate packet scheduling that we call `Spread'. We evaluate our solution with a precise, analytical formulation and trace-driven simulations. Our studies show that Spread substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions. It typically achieves two- to five-fold improvement (reduction) in the effective loss rate. Or conversely, keeping th...
Kurant, Maciej
Fatigue-crack propagation in aluminum-lithium alloys processed by power and ingot metallurgy
Fatigue-crack propagation behavior in powder-metallurgy (P/M) aluminum-lithium alloys, namely, mechanically-alloyed (MA) Al-4.0Mg-1.5Li-1.1C-0.80{sub 2} (Inco 905-XL) and rapid-solidification-processed (RSP) Al-2.6Li-1.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Zr (Allied 644-B) extrusions, has been studied, and results compared with data on an equivalent ingot-metallurgy (I/M) Al-Li alloy, 2090-T81 plate. Fatigue-crack growth resistance of the RSP Al-Li alloy is found to be comparable to the I/M Al-Li alloy; in contrast, crack velocities in MA 905-XL extrusions are nearly three orders of magnitude faster. Growth-rate response in both P/M Al-Li alloys, however, is high anisotropic. Results are interpreted in terms of the microstructural influence of strengthening mechanism, slip mode, grain morphology and texture on the development of crack-tip shielding from crack-path deflection and crack closure. 14 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Venkateswara Rao, K.T.; Ritchie, R.O. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Kim, N.J. (Pohang Inst. of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of)); Pizzo, P.P. (San Jose State Univ., CA (United States))
Free Energy Estimates of All-atom Protein Structures Using Generalized Belief Propagation
Free Energy Estimates of All-atom Protein Structures Using Generalized Belief Propagation a technique for approximating the free energy of protein structures using Generalized Belief Propagation (GBP, we show that the entropy component of our free energy estimates can useful in distinguishing native
Xing, Eric P.
Free Energy Estimates of All-atom Protein Structures Using Generalized Belief Propagation a technique for approximating the free energy of protein structures using Generalized Belief Propagation (GBP, we show that the entropy compo- nent of our free energy estimates can be useful in distinguishing
Langmead, Christopher James
High-order commutator-free exponential time-propagation of driven quantum systems
We discuss the numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation with a time-dependent Hamilton operator using commutator-free time-propagators. These propagators are constructed as products of exponentials of simple weighted sums of the Hamilton operator. ... Keywords: Driven quantum systems, Lie group integrators, Magnus expansion, Time-dependent Schr�dinger equation
A. Alvermann; H. Fehske
Impact of clustering in indoor MIMO propagation using a hybrid channel model
The clustering of propagating signals in indoor environments can influence the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ multiple-element antennas at the transmitter and receiver. In order to clarify the effect of clustering ... Keywords: MIMO, Ricean K factor, angle sensitivity, channel efficiency, indoor propagation, ray tracing, signal clusters
Zhongwei Tang; Ananda Sanagavarapu Mohan
Parallel radio-wave propagation modeling with image-based ray tracing techniques
Ray tracing is a technique based on the numerical simulation of geometrical optics and the uniform theory of diffraction, two well-known approximate methods for estimating a high-frequency electromagnetic field, based on the ray theory of field propagation. ... Keywords: Load balancing, Message passing interface, Performance evaluation, Radio-wave propagation, Ray tracing, Wireless communications
T. E. Athanaileas; G. E. Athanasiadou; G. V. Tsoulos; D. I. Kaklamani
Uncertainty propagation in puff-based dispersion models using polynomial chaos
Atmospheric dispersion is a complex nonlinear physical process with numerous uncertainties in model parameters, inputs, source parameters, initial and boundary conditions. Accurate propagation of these uncertainties through the dispersion models is crucial ... Keywords: Atmospheric dispersion, Non-Gaussian distributions, Polynomial chaos, Sensitivity analysis, Uncertainty propagation
Umamaheswara Konda; Tarunraj Singh; Puneet Singla; Peter Scott
Strategies for planar crack propagation based on the concept of material forces
This paper presents a computational framework for the simulation of planar crack growth (including kinking) driven by "material forces". An evolution law for the crack tip position is formulated, which is shown to give rise to different propagation strategies ... Keywords: Configurational forces, Crack curving, Crack propagation
Jim Brouzoulis; Fredrik Larsson; Kenneth Runesson
Joint interaction with embedded concretions: joint loading congurations inferred from propagation paths
Joint interaction with embedded concretions: joint loading con®gurations inferred from propagation The interaction between propagating joints and embedded concretions in a Devonian black shale near Seneca Lake, NY, permits identi®cation of the loading con®gurations responsible for two joint sets of dierent ages striking
Engelder, Terry
ARCS � Access Rate Control System
protected steel housing. ... Access Rate Control System This rugged, maintenance- ... Y-12 is seeking an industry partner to fully com-
DOE Guidance-Category Rating
This memorandum is to establish the Department of Energy's (DOE's) policy for the use of Category Rating.
Operational dose rate visualization techniques
The analysis of the gamma ray dose rate in the vicinity of a radiation source can be greatly aided by the use of recent state-of-the-art visualization techniques. The method involves calculating dose rates at thousands of locations within a complex geometry system. This information is then processed to create contour plots of the dose rate. Additionally, when these contour plots are created, animations can be created that dynamically display the dose rate as the shields or sources are moved.
Schwarz, R.A.; Morford, R.J.; Carter, L.L.; Jones, G.B.; Greenborg, J.
A Full-wave Model for Wave Propagation and Dissipation in the Inner Magnetosphere Using the Finite Element Method
A wide variety of plasma waves play an important role in the energization and loss of particles in the inner magnetosphere. Our ability to understand and model wave-particle interactions in this region requires improved knowledge of the spatial distribution and properties of these waves as well as improved understanding of how the waves depend on changes in solar wind forcing and/or geomagnetic activity. To this end, we have developed a two-dimensional, finite element code that solves the full wave equations in global magnetospheric geometry. The code describes three-dimensional wave structure including mode conversion when ULF, EMIC, and whistler waves are launched in a two-dimensional axisymmetric background plasma with general magnetic field topology. We illustrate the capabilities of the code by examining the role of plasmaspheric plumes on magnetosonic wave propagation; mode conversion at the ion-ion and Alfven resonances resulting from external, solar wind compressions; and wave structure and mode conversion of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves launched in the equatorial magnetosphere, which propagate along the magnetic field lines toward the ionosphere. We also discuss advantages of the finite element method for resolving resonant structures, and how the model may be adapted to include nonlocal kinetic effects.
Ernest Valeo, Jay R. Johnson, Eun-Hwa and Cynthia Phillips
CHANGE OF ADDRESS and EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION CHANGE OF ADDRESS and EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION TO: HUMAN RESOURCES DATE: Z# Social Security # Print First Name Print Middle Name or Initial Print Last Name (Currently in Payroll System) Complete appropriate changes: NAME CHANGE: Print Name Change to ADDRESS CHANGE: Mailing Address City State Zip
Topological charge membranes and Goldstone boson propagation in QCD
Both theoretical arguments and Monte Carlo observations indicate that the topological structure of the QCD vacuum consists of a laminated array of extended, coherent codimension-one membranes of alternating sign. Large-$N_c$ arguments, supported by gauge/string holography, indicate that these membranes are domain walls which separate discrete "flux vacua" with values of the topological $\\theta$ parameter which differ by $\\pm 2\\pi$. This exposes a close analogy with 2D U(1) gauge theory, where $\\theta$ can be interpreted as electric polarization, and the domain walls are pointlike charged particles. In 4D QCD, the $\\theta$ parameter represents background Ramond-Ramond flux, which can be interpreted as a polarization of the charged membranes in the vacuum. In this framework, the chiral condensate is formed from the quark surface modes on the membranes. Massless Goldstone boson propagation takes place due to a coordination between bulk oscillations of the polarization field $\\theta$ and the surface currents represented by the Chern-Simons 3-form on the brane surface. This coordination is enforced by overall gauge invariance which imposes an anomaly inflow constraint between bulk and surface currents.
H. B. Thacker
Unlike the common belief that crack propagation behavior can be predicted successfully by employing fracture criteria based on a constant crack tip opening displacement or angle (CTOD/CTOA), this paper shows that the initially non-constant portion of the CTOD/CTOA plays an essential role in predicting the fracture load for a growing crack. Three- and two-dimensional finite element analyses indicate that a severe underestimate of the experimental load vs. crack extension curve would occur if a constant CTOD/CTOA criterion is used. However, the use of a simplified, bilinear CTOD/CTOA criterion including its non-constant portion will closely duplicate the test data. Furthermore, as a result of using the experimental data from J-integral test with various crack length to specimen width ratios (a/W), it is demonstrated that the CTOD/CTOA is crack tip constraint dependent. The initially higher values of the CTOD/CTOA are in fact a natural consequence of crack growth process which is refl ected by the J-resistance curve and its slope (tearing modulus).
Polarization dependence of radiowave propagation through Antarctic ice
Using a bistatic radar system on the ice surface, we have studied radiofrequency reflections off internal layers in Antarctic ice at the South Pole. In our measurement, the total propagation time of ~ns-duration, vertically broadcast radio signals, as a function of polarization axis in the horizontal plane, provides a direct probe of the geometry-dependence of the ice permittivity to depths of 1--2 km. Previous studies in East Antarctica have interpreted the measured azimuthal dependence of reflected signals as evidence for birefringent-induced interference effects, which are proposed to result from preferred alignment of the crystal orientation fabric (COF) axis. To the extent that COF alignment results from the bulk flow of ice across the Antarctic continent, we would expect a measurable birefringent asymmetry at South Pole, as well. Although we also observe clear dependence of reflected amplitude on polarization angle in our measurements, we do not observe direct evidence for birefringent-induced time-delay effects at the level of 0.1 parts per mille.
Dave Z. Besson
Recently, a significant amount of transverse wave energy has been estimated propagating along solar atmospheric magnetic fields. However, these estimates have been made with the classic bulk Alfven wave model which assumes a homogeneous plasma. In this paper, the kinetic, magnetic, and total energy densities and the flux of energy are computed for transverse MHD waves in one-dimensional cylindrical flux tube models with a piecewise constant or continuous radial density profile. There are fundamental deviations from the properties for classic bulk Alfven waves. (1) There is no local equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energy. (2) The flux of energy and the velocity of energy transfer have, in addition to a component parallel to the magnetic field, components in the planes normal to the magnetic field. (3) The energy densities and the flux of energy vary spatially, contrary to the case of classic bulk Alfven waves. This last property has the important consequence that the energy flux computed with the well known expression for bulk Alfven waves could overestimate the real flux by a factor in the range 10-50, depending on the flux tube equilibrium properties.
Goossens, M.; Van Doorsselaere, T. [Centre for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Mathematics Department, Celestijnenlaan 200B bus 2400, B-3001 Heverlee (Belgium); Soler, R. [Solar Physics Group, Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Verth, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Solar Physics and Space Plasma Research Centre (SP2RC), School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Hicks Building, Sheffield S3 7RH (United Kingdom)
On the streamer propagation in methane plasma discharges
The initial stages of formation and propagation of a streamer in methane at atmospheric pressure were studied using a 2-dimensional axial symmetric hydrodynamic model. The model is based on the drift diffusion approximation and exploits electron transport parameters determined using an external Boltzmann equation solver. The resulting system of equations was solved using the finite element methods and integrated in time with an Euler backward algorithm. An approach useful to alleviate the numerical difficulties determined by the steep gradients that appear on the streamer front was developed. It is based on a proper choice of the adaptation algorithm of the integration time step. Three phases in the streamer development could be identified, in agreement with analytical and numerical models reported in the literature: ionization avalanche, streamer, and shielded plasma. The properties of the three phases have been characterized analyzing the evolution in time of the most important variables characterizing the system (ion and electron densities, potential, and electric field). Finally, the influence of some operative parameters, such as inter-electrodic gap, seed electron density, and applied potential, has been investigated in order to determine how it affects the evolution of the micro-discharge, and in particular, the transition from ionization avalanche to streamer.
Ferrara, Carlo; Preda, Marco; Cavallotti, Carlo [Dept. di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria chimica 'G. Natta,' Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7-20131 Milano (Italy)
Synergism in Multicomponent Self-Propagating Molecular Assemblies
Multicomponent self-propagating molecular assemblies (SPMAs) have been generated from an organic chromophore, a redox-active polypyridyl complex, and PdCl{sub 2}. The structure of the multicomponent SPMA is not a linear combination of two assemblies generated with a single molecular constituent. Surface-confined assemblies formed from only the organic chromophore and PdCl{sub 2} are known to follow linear growth, whereas the combination of polypyridyl complexes and PdCl{sub 2} results in exponential growth. The present study demonstrates that an iterative deposition of both molecular building blocks with PdCl{sub 2} results in an exponentially growing assembly. The nature of the assembly mechanism is dictated by the polypyridyl complex and overrides the linear growth process of the organic component. Relatively smooth, multicomponent SPMAs have been obtained with a thickness of {approx}20 nm on silicon, glass, and indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. Detailed information of the structure and of the surface-assembly chemistry were obtained using transmission optical (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and electrochemistry.
L Motiei; M Sassi; R Kaminker; G Evmenenko; P Dutta; M Iron; M van der Boom
A New Series of Rate Decline Relations Based on the Diagnosis of Rate-Time Data
The so-called "Arps" rate decline relations are by far the most widely used tool for assessing oil and gas reserves from rate performance. These relations (i.e., the exponential and hyperbolic decline relations) are empirical where the starting point for their derivation is given by the definitions of the "loss ratio" and the "derivative of the loss ratio", where the "loss ratio" is the ratio of rate data to derivative of rate data, and the "derivative of the loss ratio" is the "b-parameter" as defined by Arps [1945]. The primary goal of this work is the interpretation of the b-parameter continuously over time and thus the better understanding of its character. As is shown below we propose "monotonically decreasing functional forms" for the characterization of the b-parameter, in addition to the exponential and hyperbolic rate decline relations, where the b-parameter is assumed to be zero and constant, respectively. The proposed equations are as follow: b(t)=constant (Arps' hyperbolic rate-decline relation), []tbbtb10exp)(-bt= (exponential function), (power-law function), 10)(btbtb=)/(1)(10tbbtb+= (rational function). The corresponding rate decline relation for each case is obtained by solving the differential equation associated with the selected functional for the b-parameter. The next step of this procedure is to test and validate each of the rate decline relations by applying them to various numerical simulation cases (for gas), as well as for field data cases obtained from tight/shale gas reservoirs. Our results indicate that b-parameter is never constant but it changes continuously with time. The ultimate objective of this work is to establish each model as a potential analysis/diagnostic relation. Most of the proposed models yield more realistic estimations of gas reserves in comparison to the traditional Arps' rate decline relations (i.e., the hyperbolic decline) where the reserves estimates are inconsistent and over-estimated. As an example, the rational b-parameter model seems to be the most accurate model in terms of representing the character of rate data; and therefore, should yield more realistic reserves estimates. Illustrative examples are provided for better understanding of each b-parameter rate decline model. The proposed family of rate decline relations was based on the character of the b-parameter computed from the rate-time data and they can be applied to a wide range of data sets, as dictated by the character of rate data.
Boulis, Anastasios
Nonlinear propagation of a high-power focused femtosecond laser pulse in air under atmospheric and reduced pressure
This paper examines the propagation of focused femtosecond gigawatt laser pulses in air under normal and reduced pressure in the case of Kerr self-focusing and photoionisation of the medium. The influence of gas density on the beam dimensions and power and the electron density in the plasma column in the nonlinear focus zone of the laser beam has been studied experimentally and by numerical simulation. It has been shown that, in rarefied air, the radiation-induced reduction in the rate of plasma formation diminishes the blocking effect of the plasma on the growth of the beam intensity in the case of tight focusing. This allows higher power densities of ultrashort laser pulses to be reached in the focal waist region in comparison with beam self-focusing under atmospheric pressure.
Geints, Yu E; Zemlyanov, A A; Ionin, Andrei A; Kudryashov, Sergei I; Seleznev, L V; Sinitsyn, D V; Sunchugasheva, E S
Asymptotic Cellular Growth Rate as the Effective Information Utilization Rate
We study the average asymptotic growth rate of cells in randomly fluctuating environments. Using a game-theoretic perspective, we show that any response strategy has an asymptotic growth rate, which is the sum of: (i) the maximal growth rate at the worst possible distribution of environments, (ii) relative information between the actual distribution of environments to the worst one, and (iii) information utilization rate which is the information rate of the sensory devices minus the "information dissipation rate", the amount of information not utilized by the cell for growth. In non-stationary environments, the optimal strategy is the time average of the instantaneous optimal strategy and the optimal switching times are evenly spaced in the statistical (Fisher) metric.
Pugatch, Rami; Tlusty, Tsvi
Changing Faces, Changing Government | Department of Energy
Changing Faces, Changing Government Changing Faces, Changing Government Changing Faces, Changing Government May 24, 2012 - 3:24pm Addthis Changing Faces, Changing Government What are the key facts? The Energy Department incorporated metrics into funding programs to track minority participation; conducted robust outreach to business associations, utilizing a corporate enterprise system to capture and track small business awards to AAPI-owned businesses; incorporated AAPI businesses into its Small Business Advisory Group; and leveraged its Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization to target areas of high Asian American populations where there are DOE offices and facilities. Editor's Note: This blog was originally posted by the White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, by their Deputy
Connecting Changing Ocean Circulation with Changing Climate
The influence of changing ocean currents on climate change is evaluated by comparing an earth system model�s response to increased CO2 with and without an ocean circulation response. Inhibiting the ocean circulation response, by specifying a ...
Michael Winton; Stephen M. Griffies; Bonita L. Samuels; Jorge L. Sarmiento; Thomas L. Fr�licher
Detection of an Annual Westward Propagating Signal in the Meridional Wind Component along 8�N in the Pacific
A westward propagating signal with the annual period is detected in anomalies of the zonally averaged meridional wind component along 8�N across the Pacific Ocean. The propagating signal in the �eddy� (defined as the departure from the zonally ...
Shoshiro Minobe
Basic science of climate change
Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. There is almost universal agreement in the scientific community that this will lead to a warming of the lower atmosphere and of the earth's surface. However, the exact timing, magnitude, and regional distribution of this future warming are very uncertain. Merely taking account of changes in the global mean climate is not enough, especially when considering the impacts of climate change. Man also have to consider the rate and regional distribution of climate change and changes in the frequency of events. An increase in the frequency of extremes, such as droughts and storms, and rapid climate change are two factors which could have dramatic effects on human society and natural ecosystems. However, systems already under stress or close to their climate limits are likely to experience the greatest difficulty in adapting to change. Although human activity has been increasing greenhouse gas concentrations for a hundred years, man cannot yet detect unequivocally a greenhouse gas induced signal in climate records. However, increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are almost bound to continue and are likely to emerge as the dominant perturbation of the earth's climate in the coming decades.
Maskell, K.; Callander, B.A. (Hadley Centre, Bracknell (United Kingdom)); Mintzer, I.M. (Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States))
The project uses an exothermic combustion synthesis reaction, termed self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), to produce high quality, reproducible nitride fuels and other ceramic type nuclear fuels (cercers and cermets, etc.) in conjunction with the fabrication of transmutation fuels. The major research objective of the project is determining the fundamental SHS processing parameters by first using manganese as a surrogate for americium to produce dense Zr-Mn-N ceramic compounds. These fundamental principles will then be transferred to the production of dense Zr-Am-N ceramic materials. A further research objective in the research program is generating fundamental SHS processing data to the synthesis of (i) Pu-Am-Zr-N and (ii) U-Pu-Am-N ceramic fuels. In this case, Ce will be used as the surrogate for Pu, Mn as the surrogate for Am, and depleted uranium as the surrogate for U. Once sufficient fundamental data has been determined for these surrogate systems, the information will be transferred to Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for synthesis of Zr-Am-N, Pu-Am-Zr-N and U-Pu-Am-N ceramic fuels. The high vapor pressures of americium (Am) and americium nitride (AmN) are cause for concern in producing nitride ceramic nuclear fuel that contains Am. Along with the problem of Am retention during the sintering phases of current processing methods, are additional concerns of producing a consistent product of desirable homogeneity, density and porosity. Similar difficulties have been experienced during the laboratory scale process development stage of producing metal alloys containing Am wherein compact powder sintering methods had to be abandoned. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-temperature or low�heat fuel fabrication process for the synthesis of Am-containing ceramic fuels. Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), also called combustion synthesis, offers such an alternative process for the synthesis of Am nitride fuels. Although SHS takes thermodynamic advantage of the high combustion temperatures of these exothermic SHS reactions to synthesize the required compounds, the very fast heating, reaction and cooling rates can kinetically generate extremely fast reaction rates and facilitate the retention of volatile species within the rapidly propagating SHS reaction front. The initial objective of the research program is to use Mn as the surrogate for Am to synthesize a reproducible, dense, high quality Zr-Mn-N ceramic compound. Having determined the fundamental SHS reaction parameters and optimized SHS processing steps using Mn as the surrogate for Am, the technology will be transferred to Idaho National Laboratory to successfully synthesize a high quality Zr-Am-N ceramic fuel.
John J. Moore, Marissa M. Reigel, Collin D. Donohoue
Back-propagating modes in elastic logging-while-drilling collars and their effect on PML stability
The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) approach is widely used to implement the absorbing boundary conditions for coupled multi-physics wave propagation problems. However, it has been recognized that the solution in the PML absorbing layer can become unstable ... Keywords: Acoustic logging, Back-propagating mode, Borehole acoustics, Coupled problems, Perfectly matched layer, Wave propagation
Pawe? Jerzy Matuszyk, Carlos Torres-Verd�n
2011 Heat Rate Improvement Conference
With the rising cost of fuel and the strong possibility of CO2 emissions regulations and limitations in the near future, utilities and power generation companies are focusing on power plant heat rate and performance. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 17th Heat Rate Improvement Conference is the latest in a series of meetings designed to assist attendees in addressing problems with power plant performance and in identifying cost-effective solutions for achieving and sustaining heat rate improve...
The propagation of kink waves in the thin gravity stratified flux tubes with a generalized magnetic field distribution model is considered in cylindrical geometry. The new kink wave equations for both wave variables are obtained. It is shown that the inclusion of the radial component of an unperturbed tube magnetic field sufficiently transforms the conditions for the propagation of transverse waves. It is demonstrated that, for the models of isothermal and polytropic atmosphere in the tube and its environment, the propagation of kink waves along thin magnetic flux tubes is cutoff-free.
Lopin, Igor [Ussuriisk Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ussuriisk (Russian Federation); Nagorny, Ivan, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, Vladivostok (Russian Federation)
Sustainable Building Rating Systems Summary
The purpose of this document is to offer information that could be used to compare and contrast sustainable building rating systems.
Fowler, Kimberly M.; Rauch, Emily M.
June 1 Government Rate $137
& Fitness Center The Jewelry Box & Gift Shoppe 24 Hour Front Desk Service, Sundry Shop, ATM Wireless Internet Always Complimentary 112 per night room rate effective thru April...
Exchange rate determination in Indonesia.
??This thesis examines the options for adopting normative and prescriptive models of exchange rate determination suitable for developed and developing countries. It also develops a� (more)
Rusydi, Mohammad
Definition: Rating | Open Energy Information
power, such as transformers, or transport it from one location to another, such as transmission lines, the power rating almost always refers to the maximum power flow...
Search Results for 'Credit Rating'
The rating agency says it expects the bank�s asset quality to remain weak over the next 12-18 months
Environmental Effects on PWSCC Initiation and Propagation in Alloy ...
Crack Growth Rates of Irradiated Commercial Stainless Steels in BWR and PWR ... Detailed Root Cause Analysis of SG Tube ODSCC Indications within the Tube Sheets of NPP Biblis Unit A .... Radiation Damage in Fe-C-Met Model Alloys ... Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior near the Fusion Boundary of Dissimilar Weld
Minimizing Variation in Outdoor CPV Power Ratings (Presentation)
Presented at the 7th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-7), 4-6 April 2011, Las Vegas, Nevada. The CPV community has agreed to have both indoor and outdoor power ratings at the module level. The indoor rating provides a repeatable measure of module performance as it leaves the factory line while the outdoor rating provides a measure of true performance under real world conditions. The challenge with an outdoor rating is that the spectrum, temperature, wind speed, etc are constantly in flux and therefore the resulting power rating varies from day to day and month to month. This work examines different methodologies for determining the outdoor power rating with the goal of minimizing variation even if data are collected under changing meteorological conditions.
Muller, M.
BAYESIAN HIGH PRIORITY REGION GROWING FOR CHANGE DETECTION I. Grinias and G. Tziritas
for coding purposes in order to reduce storage and transmission require- ments or for indexing and retrieval segmentation and requires a map of initial decisions for each label. Initial decisions are then propagated grid S. The change detection problem consists of determining a binary label (s) for each pixel s. We
Tziritas, Georgios
Detecting Climate Change
The likelihood ratio of the data for a hypothesis of some change, relative to the hypothesis of no change, is a suitable statistical measure for the detection of climate change. Likelihood ratios calculated on the basis of Angell and Korshover's (...
Edward S. Epstein
BRANCH-CUT-AND-PROPAGATE FOR THE MAXIMUM k ...
to (IPk(G)) does not change the optimal value. Proof. .... v3. 1 2�1011. 33. 33 (20, 234) wa712. 237. 4458. >2�1013. 35. 35 (20, 236) .... F. Rossi, P. van Beek, and T. Walsh, editors, Handbook of Constraint Programming,.
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius-Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?
The factors governing the rate of change in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are analyzed in simulations of climate change. The global-mean amount of water vapor is estimated to increase at a differential rate of 7.3% ...
O'Gorman, Paul Ambrose
Server efficiency rating tool (SERT)
The Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) [1] has been developed by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) [2] at the request of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [3], prompted by concerns that US datacenters consumed almost 3% ... Keywords: benchmark, datacenter, energy efficiency, energy star, environmental protection agency, epa, power, rating tool, sert, server, spec
Klaus-Dieter Lange; Mike G. Tricker; Jeremy A. Arnold; Hansfried Block; Sanjay Sharma
Applying the HilbertHuang Decomposition to Horizontal Light Propagation C2 Mark P. J. L. Chang
in the atmosphere, numerical simulation of a dust event during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE) is presented models, es- pecially regional models. Using a case study of a dust event observed during the Puerto Rico and the Area of Study The area of study (Figure 1) is centered on Puerto Rico which was also the base
Chang, Mark J. L.
Near-Inertial Energy Propagation from the Mixed Layer: Theoretical Considerations
Wind-generated inertial currents can radiate from the mixed layer as horizontally and vertically propagating new-inertial internal gravity waves. To study the timescale of the decay of mixed layer energy and the magnitude of the energy transfer ...
Vassilis Zervakis; Murray D. Levine
Objective Identification of Echoes Due to Anomalous Propagation in Weather Radar Data
Serious contamination of weather radar data can occur in atmospheric conditions that cause anomalous propagation of the radar beam. Excessive downward refraction of the beam may be sufficient to cause ground returns (�anaprop�), which may be ...
J. A. Pamment; B. J. Conway
Propagation of Low-Level Circulation Features in the Vicinity of Mountain Ranges
The local influence of mountains upon large- and synoptic-scale low-level atmospheric circulations is investigated in this study. The sea-level pressure associated with low-frequency fluctuations exhibit phase propagation of monopolar structures ...
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
Numerical Modeling of the Propagation Environment in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Persian Gulf
Strong vertical gradients at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and can produce radar ducts. A three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonhydrostatic numerical model was used to simulate the ...
B. W. Atkinson; J-G. Li; R. S. Plant
Mechanisms of Cell Regeneration, Development, and Propagation within a Two-Dimensional Multicell Storm
In this study, mechanisms of cell regeneration, development, and propagation within a two-dimensional multicell storm are investigated using a numerical cloud model. The cell regeneration is explained by the advection mechanism. The following ...
Yuh-Lang Lin; Roy L. Deal; Mark S. Kulie
Refractivity estimation from radar clutter by sequential importance sampling with a Markov model for microwave propagation
This paper addresses the problem of estimating range-varying parameters of the height-dependent index of refraction over the sea surface in order to predict ducted microwave propagation loss. Refractivity estimation is performed using a Markov model ...
S. Vasudevan; J. L. Krolik
Critical radius for sustained propagation of spark-ignited spherical flames
An experimental study was performed to determine the requirements for sustained propagation of spark-ignited hydrogen-air and butane-air flames at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Results show that sustained propagation is always possible for mixtures whose Lewis number is less than unity, as long as a flame can be initially established. However, for mixtures whose Lewis number is greater than unity, sustained propagation depends on whether the initially ignited flame can attain a minimum radius. This minimum radius was determined for mixtures of different equivalence ratios and pressures, and was found to agree moderately well with the theoretically predicted critical radius beyond which there is no solution for the adiabatic, quasi-steady propagation of the spherical flame. The essential roles of pressure, detailed chemistry, and the need to use local values in the quantitative evaluation of the flame response parameters are emphasized. (author)
Kelley, Andrew P.; Jomaas, Grunde; Law, Chung K. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)
Numerical methods for electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in complex media
Numerical methods are developed to study various applications in electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering. Analytical methods are used where possible to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and applicability of the ...
Moss, Christopher D. Q. (Christopher Doniert Q.), 1973-
Northwestward-Propagating Wave Patterns over the Tropical Western North Pacific during Summer
The possible relationship between northwestward-propagating wave disturbances and tropical cyclones over the tropical western North Pacific during summer is studied using data assimilated by the navy's global model during May�September 1989�91. A ...
C-P. Chang; J. M. Chen; P. A. Harr; L. E. Carr
A Two-Dimensional Model of Inertial Oscillations Generated by a Propagating Wind Field
A linear, two-dimensional, continuously stratified, viscous model has been developed to study the inertial oscillations generated by a propagating wind field. The model, an extension of that of Kundu and Thomson, includes the presence of a coast ...
Pijush K. Kundu
Generation and Propagation of Inertia�Gravity Waves from Vortex Dipoles and Jets
This study investigates gravity wave generation and propagation from jets within idealized vortex dipoles using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Two types of initially balanced and localized jets induced by vortex dipoles are examined here. ...
Shuguang Wang; Fuqing Zhang; Chris Snyder
Propagation of the Effect of Targeted Observations: The 2000 Winter Storm Reconnaissance Program
The propagation of the effect of targeted observations in numerical weather forecasts is investigated, based on results from the 2000 Winter Storm Reconnaissance (WSR00) program. In this field program, nearly 300 dropsondes were released ...
Istvan Szunyogh; Zoltan Toth; Aleksey V. Zimin; Sharanya J. Majumdar; Anders Persson
Lagrangian Solution for an Irrotational Progressive Water Wave Propagating on a Uniform Current
Experiments are conducted to measure the motion properties of water particle for the progressive water wave propagation in the presence of following and adverse uniform currents. The experimental data are used to validate the fifth-order ...
Yang-Yih Chen; Hsuan-Shan Chen; Chu-Yu Lin; Meng-Syue Li
Impact of Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Variability on the Onset of Indian Summer Monsoon
The onset of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) has a pronounced interannual variability, part of which originates from the large-scale circulation and its thermodynamic properties. While the northward-propagating intraseasonal variabilities (ISVs) are a ...
Lei Zhou; Raghu Murtugudde
Observed Structure and Propagation Characteristics of Tropical Summertime Synoptic Scale Disturbances
The three-dimensional structure and propagation characteristics of tropical synoptic scale transients during the northern summer we studied with twice daily ECMWF global gridded analyses for the 1980�1987 period. Regions of enhanced variability ...
Kai-Hon Lau; Ngar-Cheung Lau
Horizontal Energy propagation in a Barotropic Atmosphere with Meridional and Zonal Structure
To investigate how the propagation of energy away from steady sources may be influenced by the horizontal structure of the time-averaged flow in the troposphere, solutions to a barotropic model are displayed and interpreted. The model is steady ...
Grant Branstator
The Soret Effect in Naturally Propagating, Premixed, Lean, Hydrogen-Air Flames
H. Markstein (Ed. ), Nonsteady Flame Propagation, PergamonHassan, G. M. Faeth, Combust. Flame 109 (1997) 1�24. [6] Y.P. Middha, H. Wang, Combus. Flame [7] F. N. Egolfopoulos, C.
Grcar, Joseph F
Effects of Density Front on the Generation and Propagation of Internal Tides
A numerical model is developed to study the internal tidal motion on the continental margin. The system includes irregular bottom topography and a horizontal density stratification maintained by a mean geostrophic current. Both the propagation ...
Wen-Ssn Chuang; Dong-Ping Wang
Application of a Bayesian Classifier of Anomalous Propagation to Single-Polarization Radar Reflectivity Data
A na�ve Bayes classifier (NBC) was developed to distinguish precipitation echoes from anomalous propagation (anaprop). The NBC is an application of Bayes's theorem, which makes its classification decision based on the class with the maximum a ...
Justin R. Peter; Alan Seed; Peter J. Steinle
Detecting Propagating Signals with Complex Empirical Orthogonal Functions: A Cautionary Note
A limitation on the performance of complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analyses in the time domain is illustrated with synthetic, noise-free, nondispersive, propagating signals. Numerical examples using a band-limited white spectrum and ...
M. A. Merrifield; R. T. Guza
the entire upper US East Coast (USEC), in addition to Puerto Rico and many of the Caribbean islands (e USEC (north of Virginia), here, we simulate tsunami generation and transoceanic propagation to the USEC
Kirby, James T.
Structures and Mechanisms of the Northward Propagating Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
The spatial and temporal structures of the northward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) are revealed based on the analysis of both the ECHAM4 model simulation and the NCEP�NCAR reanalysis. The BSISO structure and ...
Xianan Jiang; Tim Li; Bin Wang
Practical Aspects of Radar Rainfall Estimation Using Specific Differential Propagation Phase
Rainfall estimation using specific differential phase (KDP) involves estimation of KDP over a propagation path. The choice of pathlength plays an important role in the performance of rainfall algorithms using KDP. The path-integrated nature of K...
Eugenio Gorgucci; Gianfranco Scarchilli; V. Chandrasekar
Nonlinear Evolution of an Upward Propagating Gravity Wave: Overturning, Convection, Transience and Turbulence
A numerical simulation of the nonlinear evolution of an upward propagating gravity wave shows that over-turning (the turning over of isopotential temperature surfaces) is the mechanism responsible for limiting the growth of the wave. Wave ...
R. L. Walterscheid; G. Schubert
Breakdown of Vertically Propagating Two-Dimensional Gravity Waves Forced by Orography
The propagation of orographic gravity waves into an atmosphere with exponentially decreasing density is simulated with a two-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent numerical model. After the stationary wave is established over the mountain, the ...
Julio T. Bacmeister; Mark R. Schoeberl
Belief propagation analysis in two-player games for peer-influence social networks
This thesis considers approaches to influencing population opinions during counterinsurgency efforts in Afghanistan. A discrete time, agent-based threshold model is developed to analyze the propagation of beliefs in the ...
Bradwick, Matthew E. (Matthew Edward)
3] R. W. Shefer, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 28 (2003) 1131�Propagating, Premixed, Lean, Hydrogen-Air Flames Joseph F.diffusion effects in lean hydrogen-air ?ames, in spite of
Uncertainty Propagation of Regional Climate Model Precipitation Forecasts to Hydrologic Impact Assessment
A Monte Carlo framework is adopted for propagating uncertainty in dynamically downscaled seasonal forecasts of area-averaged daily precipitation to associated streamflow response calculations. Daily precipitation is modeled as a mixture of two ...
Phaedon C. Kyriakidis; Norman L. Miller; Jinwon Kim
Propagation and Growth of Gulf Stream Meanders between 75� and 45�W
Analysis of the Gulf Stream path between 75� and 60�W indicates that the spectral signature of propagating and standing meanders is qualitatively similar to that observed for the upstream region 74��70�W. Progressive, retrogressive,and standing ...
Propagation and Selective Transmission of Internal Gravity Waves in a Sudden Warming
Longitudinally asymmetric features of gravity wave propagation in a sudden warming are examined theoretically, using observed geostrophic wind fields in the stratosphere for three days of winter 1979. It is shown that the wind patterns ...
Timothy J. Dunkerton; Neal Butchart
Estimation of Near-Ground Propagation Conditions Using Radar Ground Echo Coverage
The vertical gradient of refractivity (dN/dh) determines the path of the radar beam; namely, the larger the negative values of the refractivity gradient, the more the beam bends toward the ground. The variability of the propagation conditions ...
Shinju Park; Fr�d�ric Fabry
Application of the Marsupial Paradigm to Tropical Cyclone Formation from Northwestward-Propagating Disturbances
A wave-tracking algorithm is developed for northwestward-propagating waves that, on occasion, play a role in tropical cyclogenesis over the western oceans. To obtain the Lagrangian flow structure, the frame of reference is translated obliquely at ...
Zhuo Wang; Timothy J. Dunkerton; Michael T. Montgomery
A C-Band Coherent Polarimetric Radar for Propagation and Cloud Physics Research
At DFVLR in Oberpfaffenhofen, West Germany, a recently developed coherent polarimetric C-band radar is now in operation for research in atmospheric physics and radio wave propagation physics. Its capabilities provide opportunities to investigate ...
Arno C. Schroth; Madhukar S. Chandra; Peter F. Mesichner
A climatology of the structure, evolution and propagation of midlatitude cyclones in the Southeast United States
The seasonal and interannual variability of the structure, evolution, and propagation of midlatitude cyclones in the southeastern United States are studied using a composite analysis. Composites show that the axis of the wintertime upper-level ...
Rosana Nieto Ferreira; Linwood Hall; Thomas M. Rickenbach
Attraction d'ondes pour des syst�mes � r�sonance d'ondes contra-propagatives.
??L'attraction d'ondes dans des syst�mes contra-propagatifs est un ph�nom�ne g�n�ral, �tabli initialement en Physique dans le contexte de l'attraction de polarisation entre deux ondes contra-propagatives� (more)
Grenier, Muriel
A String Function for Describing the Propagation of Baroclinic Anomalies in the Ocean
The authors derive a string function that describes the propagation of large-scale, potentially large amplitude, baroclinic energy anomalies in a two-layer ocean with variable topography and rotation parameter. The generality of the two-layer ...
Robert H. Tyler; Rolf K�se
2.6.4. Evaluation of type B uncertainty and propagation of ...
... in the formula above; ie, the partial derivative with respect to that variable from the propagation of error ... Resistance ratio, B, a 6 = 900.901, 0.0000308 ...
Optical Soliton Propagation in a Free-Standing Nonlinear Graphene Monolayer with Defects
Recently, optical soliton propagation in an intrinsic nonlinear graphene monolayer configuration has been discovered. However, optical soliton behavior in a free-standing graphene monolayer with defects has not yet been studied. The objective of this article is to employ the generalized finite- difference time-domain (G-FDTD) method to efficiently simulate bright optical solitons, illustrating propagation of the electric field distribution in a free-standing nonlinear layer with variation in nonlinearity along its width. These variations of nonlinearity along the width represent graphene impurities, or defects. Results show that solitons propagate effectively even in the presence of strong spatial variations in the nonlinearity, implying the robustness of the medium with respect to optical propagation.
Frederick Ira Moxley III; Tim Byrnes; Adarsh Radadia; Weizhong Dai
Effects of Charge Distribution in Thunderstorms on Lightning Propagation Paths in Darwin, Australia
The charge distributions in a thundercloud play an important role in the initiation and propagation of lightning discharges. To further understand the effects of charge distributions on lightning discharge, the authors conducted a very high-...
Manabu Akita; Satoru Yoshida; Yoshitaka Nakamura; Takeshi Morimoto; Tomoo Ushio; Zen Kawasaki; Daohong Wang
Forward and adjoint simulations of seismic wave propagation on emerging large-scale GPU architectures
Computational seismology is an area of wide sociological and economic impact, ranging from earthquake risk assessment to subsurface imaging and oil and gas exploration. At the core of these simulations is the modeling of wave propagation in a complex ...
Max Rietmann; Peter Messmer; Tarje Nissen-Meyer; Daniel Peter; Piero Basini; Dimitri Komatitsch; Olaf Schenk; Jeroen Tromp; Lapo Boschi; Domenico Giardini
Westward Propagating Normal Modes in the Presence of Stationary Background Waves
Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation linearized about zonally asymmetric wintertime mean flows are calculated to determine which barotropic modes might contribute to westward propagating disturbances ...
Grant Branstator; Isaac Held
Coupling between Northward-Propagating, Intraseasonal Oscillations and Sea Surface Temperature in the Indian Ocean
Using a hybrid atmosphere�ocean coupled model, it is shown that during the boreal summer northward-propagating, intraseasonal oscillations (NPISOs) are strongly coupled to the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean sector. ...
Xiouhua Fu; Bin Wang; Tim Li; Julian P. McCreary
Propagation of a Tropical Cyclone in a Meridionally Varying Zonal Flow: An Energetics Analysis
Tropical cyclone propagation (the beta drift) is driven by a secondary circulation associated with axially asymmetric gyres (beta gyres) in the vicinity of the cyclone center. In the presence of the beta effect, the environmental flow may ...
Bin Wang; Xiaofan Li
Propagation and Diurnal Evolution of Warm Season Cloudiness in the Australian and Maritime Continent Region
Warm season cold cloud-top climatology in the Austral�Indonesian region is examined for evidence of propagating modes of precipitation that originate from elevated heat sources and the diurnal heating cycle. Using satellite-inferred cloudiness ...
T. D. Keenan; R. E. Carbone
Ferrocyanide safety program: Final report on adiabatic calorimetry and tube propagation tests with synthetic ferrocyanide materials
Based on Fauske and Associates, Inc. Reactive System Screening Tool tests, the onset or initiation temperature for a ferrocyanide-nitrate propagating reaction is about 250 degrees Celcius. This is at about 200 degrees Celcius higher than current waste temperatures in the highest temperature ferrocyanide tanks. Furthermore, for current ambient waste temperatures, the tube propagation tests show that a ferrocyanide concentration of 15.5 wt% or more is required to sustain a propagation reaction in the complete absence of free water. Ignoring the presence of free water, this finding rules out propagating reactions for all the Hanford flowsheet materials with the exception of the ferrocyanide waste produced by the original In Farm flowsheet
Fauske, H.F. [Fauske and Associates, Inc. (United States); Meacham, J.E.; Cash, R.J. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
A Compact Charge-Based Propagation Delay Model for Submicronic CMOS Buffers
We provide an accurate analytical expression for the propagation delay and the output transition time of submicron CMOS buffers that takes into account the short-circuit current, the input-output coupling capacitance, and the carrier velocity saturation ...
Jos� Luis Rossello; Jaume Segura
A Compact Propagation Delay Model for Deep-Submicron CMOS Gates including Crosstalk
We present a compact, fully physical, analytical model for the propagation delay and the output transition time of deep-submicron CMOS gates. The model accounts for crosstalk effects, short-circuit currents, the input-output coupling capacitance and ...
J. L. Rossell�; J. Segura
End-to-End Network Simulation Using a Site-Specific Radio Wave Propagation Model
The performance of systems that rely on a wireless network depends on the propagation environment in which that network operates. To predict how these systems and their supporting networks will perform, simulations must take into consideration the propagation environment and how this effects the performance of the wireless network. Network simulators typically use empirical models of the propagation environment. However, these models are not intended for, and cannot be used, to predict a wireless system will perform in a specific location, e.g., in the center of a particular city or the interior of a specific manufacturing facility. In this paper, we demonstrate how a site-specific propagation model and the NS3 simulator can be used to predict the end-to-end performance of a wireless network.
Djouadi, Seddik M [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL
Commercial Building Asset Rating Program
1 eere.energy.gov 1 eere.energy.gov Commercial Building Asset Rating Program August 23, 2011 12 p.m. ET, 9 a.m. PT Presenter: Cody Taylor PRE-DECISIONAL Information included in this document is for discussion purposes and does not constitute the final program design. FOR INFORMATION ONLY 2 eere.energy.gov Outline * Goals * Scope & schedule * Guiding principles * Program design issues - Metrics - Rating method - Rating scale - Opportunities for efficiency improvement - Quality assurance Please submit clarifying questions during today's webinar via the Q&A function of Live Meeting. 3 eere.energy.gov National Building Rating Program Goals * Facilitate cost-effective investment in energy efficiency and reduce energy use in the commercial building sector * Establish a national standard for voluntary commercial building asset rating
The Residential Sector: Changing Markets, Changing Technologies
Residential customers in the U.S. are confronted with markets for home services that continue to change rapidly. Not only are markets for traditional "utilities" such as telecommunications services, energy services, and entertainment services transitioning to competitive choice scenarios, but the technology which customers use in each of these arenas is changing rapidly as well. This report outlines the way that customers are responding to these changing market dynamics, in terms of the way they think ab...
The theory of normal zone propagation in superconductors
This paper contains a study of properties of stable normal (N) regions of finite size-resistive domains (R.D.), in superconductors (S) with transport current I. It is demonstra-ted that in homogeneous superconductors R.D. are moving due to thermoelectric effect (Thom-son heat) while the rate of R.D., vdi for dif-ferent materials ranges from 1 to 10 cm/s. It is also shown that the thermoelectric effect leads to asymmetry i n the rate of the N-S boundary av, relative to the direction of I, with AV N vd. The conditions for localizing R.D. in an inhomogeneous superconductor have been obtained, as well as the I-V characteric-tics of a sample with R.D. Hysteresis effects are discussed associated with the localization of R.D and the thermoelectric effect. 1.
A. V. Gurevich; R. G. Mints
Non-Adiabatic Effects on Combustion Front Propagation in Porous Media: Multiplicity of Steady States
The sustained propagation of combustion fronts in porous media is a necessary condition for the success of an in situ combustion project for oil recovery. Compared to other recovery methods, in situ combustion involves the added complexity of exothermic reactions and temperature-dependent chemical kinetics. In the presence of heat losses, the possibility of ignition and extinction (quenching) exists. In this report, we address the properties of combustion fronts propagating at a constant velocity in the presence of heat losses.
Akkutlu, I. Yucel; Yortsos, Yanis C.
Electromagnetic wave propagation with negative phase velocity in regular black holes
We discuss the propagation of electromagnetic plane waves with negative phase velocity in regular black holes. For this purpose, we consider the Bardeen model as a nonlinear magnetic monopole and the Bardeen model coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics with a cosmological constant. It turns out that the region outside the event horizon of each regular black hole does not support negative phase velocity propagation, while its possibility in the region inside the event horizon is discussed.
Sharif, M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Manzoor, R., E-mail: email@example.com [University of the Punjab, Department of Mathematics (Pakistan)
Quantification of fetal heart rate regularity using symbolic dynamics
Fetal heart rate complexity was examined on the basis of RR interval time series obtained in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. In each fetal RR interval time series short term beat-to-beat heart rate changes were coded in 8 bit binary sequences. Redundancies of the 2 8 different binary patterns were reduced by two different procedures. The complexity of these sequences was quantified using the approximate entropy (ApEn)
P. van Leeuwen; D. Cysarz; S. Lange; D. Geue; D. Groenemeyer
Evaluation of Methodologies to Provide Comparative Heat Rates
Power generating companiesand even more so, their coal-fired facilitieshave struggled with the comparison of heat rate values from different periods of time. Comparing a unit's July heat rate to that recorded in January has been difficult because of several factors. First, the ambient temperatures are significantly different and manifest in operational and performance changes whose adjustments, although understood, contain uncertainty. The additional effects of variations in capacity and load following f...
Computational strategy for modeling radio wave propagation in lossy circular waveguides
The propagation of radio waves in lossy waveguides and tunnels has been researched extensively for many years as can be seen in the detailed book by Wait. The mathematics used to model waveguides for communications is essentially the same as that needed to model radio frequency (RF) propagation in simple tunnels. The presence or lack of conductors inside a waveguide or tunnel is a key driver in the nature of the solutions one will find for a particular application, Delogne. When there are conductors passing through a waveguide or tunnel, the simplest modes of propagation are surface-guided waves following the conductor and typically enabling long-range transmission. A tunnel containing a core conductor can act rather like a coaxial cable, propagating waves at a nearly constant speed, regardless of frequency. Conversely, a tunnel or waveguide without internal conductors is subject to very different wave patterns, resulting in a much more complex propagation analysis. Holloway et al. presented an exhaustive study of RF propagation in circular structures embedded in lossy surroundings. The work of Holloway et al. is the basis for this paper, where we discuss application of their computational techniques and present refinements gleaned from our work on similar problems.
Moses, Ronald [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Cai, D Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Supernova rates and stellar populations
We discuss the results about the nature of type Ia Supernovae that can be derived by studying their rates in different stellar populations. While the evolution of SN photometry and spectra can constrain the explosion mechanism, the SN rate depends on the progenitor system. We review the current available data on rates as a function of parent galaxy color, morphology, star formation rate, radio luminosity and environment. By studying the variation of the rates with the color of the parent galaxy, a strong evidence was established that type Ia SNe come from both young and old stars. The dependence of the rates with the radio power of the parent galaxy is best reproduced by a bimodal distribution of delay time between the formation of the progenitor and its explosion as a SN. Cluster early-type galaxies show higher type Ia SN rate with respect to field galaxies, and this effect can be due either to traces of young stars or to differences in the delay time distribution.
F. Mannucci
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 5, MAY 2003 945 Propagation Model for the HVAC Duct as a
for the HVAC Duct as a Communication Channel Pavel V. Nikitin, Member, IEEE, Daniel D. Stancil, Senior Member (HVAC) ducts in buildings are typically hollow metal pipes which can be used as waveguides to carry such a communication system. This paper presents a propagation model for a straight HVAC duct terminated at both ends
Stancil, Daniel D.
Category:Utility Rates | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Category Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Category:Utility Rates Jump to: navigation, search Add a new Utility Rate Pages in category "Utility Rates" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 42,539 total. (previous 200) (next 200) 0 Data:0000827d-84d0-453d-b659-b86869323897 Data:000086db-7a5e-4356-9c57-c912f7d1622e Data:0003a8b3-04b9-4ecb-b06d-6022e7f0f009 Data:000470c7-df04-47aa-bdd2-d70f0a2c52b3 Data:000b6dfa-a541-428a-9029-423006e22a34 Data:000db36e-b548-43e7-a283-d37ecc77cef1 Data:000e60f7-120d-48ab-a1f9-9c195329c628 Data:00101108-073b-4503-9cd4-01769611c26f Data:001361ca-50d2-49bc-b331-08755a2c7c7d
Commitment Institutional Change Principle | Department of Energy
Commitment Institutional Change Principle Commitment Institutional Change Principle Commitment Institutional Change Principle October 8, 2013 - 11:05am Addthis Commitment can be a crucial element that helps Federal agencies inject and emphasize sustainability in their organizational culture. Institutions and people change when they have made definite commitments to change, especially when those commitments relate to future conditions. Research shows that explicit commitments improve the rate at which people adopt energy-efficient behaviors. Methods Explicit commitments help individuals make behavioral changes by externalizing their internal desires and goals to ensure follow-through. Conveying goals to others also increases the probability of achieving them and prevents procrastination. Precommitting to a request can lead to
ARM - Measurement - Radiative heating rate
govMeasurementsRadiative heating rate govMeasurementsRadiative heating rate ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Measurement : Radiative heating rate The heating rate due to the divergence of long and shortwave radiative flux. Categories Radiometric, Atmospheric State Instruments The above measurement is considered scientifically relevant for the following instruments. Refer to the datastream (netcdf) file headers of each instrument for a list of all available measurements, including those recorded for diagnostic or quality assurance purposes. External Instruments MOLTS : Model Output Location Time Series Datastreams MOLTS : Model Output Location Time Series Datastreams MOLTSEDASSNDCLASS1 : Model Output Loc. Time Ser. (MOLTS): EDAS
Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI)
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) Project Definition Rating Index (EM-PDRI) is a modification of a commercially developed planning tool that has been tested by an EM team specifically for...
equation (5.4). Standard Bayesian inference implies that theAs before, standard Bayesian inference implies that Var 1 [f� so that standard Bayesian inference both exchange rate is
High compression rate text summarization
This thesis focuses on methods for condensing large documents into highly concise summaries, achieving compression rates on par with human writers. While the need for such summaries in the current age of information overload ...
Branavan, Satchuthananthavale Rasiah Kuhan
Heat Rate Improvement Reference Manual
Performance optimization of fossil power plants is a high priority within the electric utilities in the new competitive environment. This manual can help utility engineers establish a heat rate improvement program.
2010 2010 MEMORANDUM FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORS FROM: SARA"iJ. Boku1, DIRECToR OF HUMAN C~TAL MANAGEMENT SUBJECT: GUIDANCE MEMORANDUM #10 CATEGORY RATING The purpose of this memorandum is to establish the Department of Energy's (DOE's) policy for the use of Category Rating. Authorities: Public Law 107-296; Title 5 USC 3319; 5 CFR, Part 337, Subpart C., Presidential Memorandum of May 11, 2010 This guidance is established in accordance with 5 USC 3319, which authorizes Federal Agencies to use alternative rating proced.ures in assessing applicants for employment using category rating and selection procedures, and to ensure consistency in complying with federal regulations contained in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the Department of
OpenEI - electric rates
A Successful Cool Storage Rate
Houston Lighting & Power (HL&P) initiated design and development of its commercial cool storage program as part of an integrated resource planning process with a targeted 225 MW of demand reduction through DSM. Houston's extensive commercial air conditioning load, which is highly coincident with HL&P's system peak, provided a large market for cool storage technologies. Initial market research made it very clear that a special cool storage rate was required to successfully market the technology. Development of the rate required an integrated, multidepartment effort and extensive use of DSManager, an integrated resource planning model. An experimental version of the rate was initially implemented as part of the initial phase of the cool storage program. A permanent rate, incorporating lessons learned from the experimental rate, was then developed for the long term implementation of the program. The permanent rate went through a lengthy regulatory approval process which included intervention by a local natural gas distribution company. The end result is a very successful cool storage program with 52 projects and 31 megawatts of demand reduction in the first three and one-half years of program implementation.
Ahrens, A. C.; Sobey, T. M.
Realistic Hot Water Draw Specification for Rating Solar Water Heaters: Preprint
In the United States, annual performance ratings for solar water heaters are simulated, using TMY weather and specified water draw. A more-realistic ratings draw is proposed that eliminates most bias by improving mains inlet temperature and by specifying realistic hot water use. This paper outlines the current and the proposed draws and estimates typical ratings changes from draw specification changes for typical systems in four cities.
Burch, J.
Standard Rates, Budget Office, Brookhaven National Laboratory...
Standard Rates Standard Rates for Brookhaven National Laboratory is available in PDF file formats. This file contains rates for Distributed Technical Services, Scientific Devices...
Utility Rate API v2 | OpenEI Community
Rate API v2 Rate API v2 Home > Groups > Utility Rate Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 11 September, 2012 - 07:35 There are updates coming through the pipe for the utility rate form. When these updates are deployed to production, then will allow ISU and anyone entering utility rates the ability to define and access richer data. This will cause some changes at the API level. Jordan from ISU is currently working on this. In an email, he noted: "I am working on the API and making sure that it will keep version 1 and make a version 2 to represent the new data. I am also working on a way to automatically convert the version 1 data into a format that version 2 can use and a way to make the data entered in the new version available in version 1 of the API. As
Update to ENERGY STAR Ratings for Hotels, FAQs
Update to ENERGY STAR Ratings for Hotels Update to ENERGY STAR Ratings for Hotels May 2009 Frequently Asked Questions EPA's energy performance rating system evaluates actual, as-billed energy data to create a whole building indicator of energy performance and compare a building to its national peer group. EPA analyzes national survey data, develops regression models to predict energy use based on operation, and assigns a 1-to-100 rating to a building. Each point on the performance scale represents one percentile of buildings. A full overview of this process and specific details on the hotel model are available online. 1 A revised rating model for hotels was released into Portfolio Manager on February 23, 2009. How was the Hotel Model Updated? The new hotel model incorporates several updates to the original model, as described below. All of the changes have
Rate Analysis of Two Photovoltaic Systems in San Diego
Analysts have found increasing evidence that rate structure has impacts on the economics of solar systems. This paper uses 2007 15-minute interval photovoltaic (PV) system and load data from two San Diego City water treatment facilities to illustrate impacts of different rate designs. The comparison is based on rates available in San Diego at the time of data collection and include proportionately small to large demand charges (relative to volumetric consumption), and varying on- and off- peak times. Findings are twofold for these large commercial systems: 1) transferring costs into demand charges does not result in savings and 2) changes in peak times do not result in a major cost difference during the course of a year. While lessons learned and discussion on rate components are based on the findings, the applicability is limited to buildings with similar systems, environments, rate options, and loads.
Doris, E.; Ong, S.; Van Geet, O.
Anaerobic pyrite oxidation rates determined via direct volume-loss measurements: a Vertical Scanning Interferometric approach
determina- tion of dissolution/precipitation kinetic rates. A VSI assessment of pyrite dissolution rates et al., 2008) with applications to oxic ARD processes. Presented here are rate data for the inorganic experiments the bulk chemical changes in the solution composition (e.g. Fe2+ /Fe3+ ) were used to determine
Benning, Liane G.
The Role of Heart Rate in Myocardial Ischemia From Restricted Coronary Perfusion
The Role of Heart Rate in Myocardial Ischemia From Restricted Coronary Perfusion Robert S. Mac between the two. We have carried out experiments using isolated dog hearts with a cannulated left anterior, we changed coronary flow rates both suddenly and in controlled sequences and varied the heart rate
Utah, University of
The impact of ventilation rate on the emission rates of volatile...
impact of ventilation rate on the emission rates of volatile organic compounds in residences Title The impact of ventilation rate on the emission rates of volatile organic...
Survey of Impacts of Environmental Controls on Plant Heat Rate
Environmental controls for sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particulates, mercury, and other pollutants reduce the efficiency of power plants. This report documents the impacts of state-of-the-art environmental controls on power plant heat rate and identifies ways these impacts may be reduced through operating and design changes.
Hardware implementation of wireless bit rate adaptation
This thesis presents a hardware implementation of the SoftRate bit-rate adaptation protocol. SoftRate is a new bit-rate adaptation protocol, which uses per-bit confidence hints generated by the convolutional decoder to ...
Gross, Samuel A
Building Energy Performance Certificate. Asset Rating.
Non-Domestic Building Energy Performance Asset Rating ... Asset Rating. Author: BRE Subject: LCEA029636 Keywords: Energy Performance Certificate ...
Energy Efficiency Interest Rate Reduction Program | Department...
Interest Rate Reduction Program Energy Efficiency Interest Rate Reduction Program Eligibility Residential Savings For Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial...
Energetic electron propagation in solid targets driven by the intense electric fields of femtosecond laser pulses
An analytical model is used to interpret experimental data on the propagation of energetic electrons perpendicular to and parallel to the propagation direction of intense femtosecond laser pulses that are incident on solid targets. The pulses with {approx_equal}10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2} intensity are incident normal onto a gadolinium or tungsten wire embedded in an aluminum substrate, and MeV electrons generated in the focal spot propagate along the laser direction into the irradiated wire. Electrons also propagate laterally from the focal spot through the aluminum substrate and into a dysprosium or hafnium spectator wire at a distance up to 1 mm from the irradiated wire. The ratio of the K shell emission from the spectator and irradiated wires is a measure of the numbers and energies of the MeV electrons propagating parallel to and perpendicular to the intense oscillating electric field of the laser pulse. It is found that the angular distribution of electrons from the focal spot is highly non-isotropic, and approximately twice as many electrons are driven by the electric field toward the spectator wire as into the irradiated wire. This quantitative result is consistent with the qualitative experimental observation that the oscillating electric field of an intense femtosecond laser pulse, when interacting with a heavy metal target, preferentially drives energetic electrons in the electric field direction as compared to perpendicular to the field.
Seely, J. F. [Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375 (United States); Szabo, C. I. [Artep, Inc., 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042 (United States); Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E. [Laboratoire pour L'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France)
Lateral propagation of MeV electrons generated by femtosecond laser irradiation
The propagation of MeV electrons generated by intense (approx =10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}) femtosecond laser irradiation, in the lateral direction perpendicular to the incident laser beam, was studied using targets consisting of irradiated metal wires and neighboring spectator wires embedded in electrically conductive (aluminum) or resistive (Teflon) substrates. The K shell spectra in the energy range 40-60 keV from wires of Gd, Dy, Hf, and W were recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer. The spectra were produced by 1s electron ionization in the irradiated wire and by energetic electron propagation through the substrate material to the spectator wire of a different metal. The electron range and energy were determined from the relative K shell emissions from the irradiated and spectator wires separated by varying substrate lateral distances of up to 1 mm. It was found that electron propagation through Teflon was inhibited, compared to aluminum, implying a relatively weak return current and incomplete space-charge neutralization. The energetic electron propagation in the direction parallel to the electric field of the laser beam was larger than perpendicular to the electric field. Energetic electron production was lower when directly irradiating aluminum or Teflon compared to irradiating the heavy metal wires. These experiments are important for the determination of the energetic electron production mechanism and for understanding lateral electron propagation that can be detrimental to fast-ignition fusion and hard x-ray backlighter radiography.
Seely, J. F. [Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 (United States); Szabo, C. I. [Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS, Universite P. et M. Curie-Paris 6 Case 74, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E.; Tabakhoff, E. [Laboratoire pour L'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Hudson, L. T. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States)
Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change
Continuous Change Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on Facebook Tweet about Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on Twitter Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on Google Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on Delicious Rank Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on Digg Find More places to share Federal Energy Management Program: Continuous Change Institutional Change Principle on AddThis.com... Sustainable Buildings & Campuses Operations & Maintenance
A linear count-rate meter is designed to provide a highly linear output while receiving counting rates from one cycle per second to 100,000 cycles per second. Input pulses enter a linear discriminator and then are fed to a trigger circuit which produces positive pulses of uniform width and amplitude. The trigger circuit is connected to a one-shot multivibrator. The multivibrator output pulses have a selected width. Feedback means are provided for preventing transistor saturation in the multivibrator which improves the rise and decay times of the output pulses. The multivibrator is connected to a diode-switched, constant current metering circuit. A selected constant current is switched to an averaging circuit for each pulse received, and for a time determined by the received pulse width. The average output meter current is proportional to the product of the counting rate, the constant current, and the multivibrator output pulse width.
Henry, J.J.
Billiards with polynomial mixing rates
While many dynamical systems of mechanical origin, in particular billiards, are strongly chaotic -- enjoy exponential mixing, the rates of mixing in many other models are slow (algebraic, or polynomial). The dynamics in the latter are intermittent between regular and chaotic, which makes them particularly interesting in physical studies. However, mathematical methods for the analysis of systems with slow mixing rates were developed just recently and are still difficult to apply to realistic models. Here we reduce those methods to a practical scheme that allows us to obtain a nearly optimal bound on mixing rates. We demonstrate how the method works by applying it to several classes of chaotic billiards with slow mixing as well as discuss a few examples where the method, in its present form, fails.
Nikolai Chernov; Hong-Kun Zhang
Change in historic buildings
Change in historic buildings is inevitable. If these changes are not well-managed, the cityscape will be threatened because a city is composed of buildings. A good city should combine both growth and preservation. Controlling ...
Yin, Chien-Ni
Time growth rate and field profiles of hybrid modes excited by a relativistic elliptical electron beam in an elliptical metallic waveguide with dielectric rod
The dispersion relation of guided electromagnetic waves propagating in an elliptical metallic waveguide with a dielectric rod driven by relativistic elliptical electron beam (REEB) is investigated. The electric field profiles and the growth rates of the waves are numerically calculated by using Mathieu functions. The effects of relative permittivity constant of dielectric rod, accelerating voltage, and current density of REEB on the growth rate are presented.
Jazi, B.; Rahmani, Z.; Abdoli-Arani, A. [Faculty of Physics, Department of Laser and Photonics, University of Kashan, Kashan (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Heidari-Semiromi, E. [Faculty of Physics, Department of Condense Matter, University of Kashan, Kashan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
UW Madison Fleet Fiscal Year 2010 Rates: Fuel, maintenance and insurance costs are included. If fuel prices exceed the budgeted
UW Madison Fleet Fiscal Year 2010 Rates: Fuel, maintenance and insurance costs are included. If fuel prices exceed the budgeted amount by a significant margin, the rates will be amended with a fuel surcharge at that time and the change notice will be posted in the fleet web site, rates page. Some rate
Sheridan, Jennifer
Software change contracts
Incorrect program changes including regression bugs, incorrect bug-fixes, incorrect feature updates are pervasive in software. These incorrect program changes affect software quality and are difficult to detect/correct. In this paper, we propose the ... Keywords: JML, change contract, regression testing, software evolution
Dawei Qi; Jooyong Yi; Abhik Roychoudhury
Property:OpenEI/UtilityRate/DemandRateStructure/Tier4Rate | Open Energy
Rate" Rate" Showing 13 pages using this property. 4 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 5 +, 6 +, 3 +, ... 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 6 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 3 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 7 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 5 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 8 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 5 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 5 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 6 + 4b524791-bef2-49b1-850b-458730755203 + 6 + E E40880ac-c27b-4cbf-a011-b0d7d6e10fe9 + 1 + E40880ac-c27b-4cbf-a011-b0d7d6e10fe9 + 1 + E40880ac-c27b-4cbf-a011-b0d7d6e10fe9 + 1 + Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Property:OpenEI/UtilityRate/DemandRateStructure/Tier4Rate&oldid=53975
Propagation characteristics of a Gaussian laser beam in plasma with modulated collision frequency
The propagation characteristics of a Gaussian laser beam in cold plasma with the electron collision frequency modulated by laser intensity are presented. The nonlinear dynamics of the ponderomotive force, which induce nonlinear self-focusing as opposed to spatial diffraction, are considered. The effective dielectric function of the Drude model and complex eikonal function are adopted in deriving coupled differential equations of the varying laser beam parameters. In the framework of ponderomotive nonlinearity, the frequency of electron collision in plasmas, which is proportional to the spatial electron density, is strongly interrelated with the laser beam propagation characteristics. Hence, the propagation properties of the laser beam and the modulated electron collision frequency distribution in plasma were studied and explained in depth. Employing this self-consistent method, the obtained simulation results approach practical conditions, which is of significance to the study of laser-plasma interactions.
Wang Ying; Yuan Chengxun; Zhou Zhongxiang; Gao Ruilin [Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Li Lei; Du Yanwei [Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control Technology, Shanghai 201108 (China)
Influence of propagation on the coherent accumulation of excitation induced by an ultrashort pulse train
We study the effects of propagation through an extended sample of two- and three-level atoms on the coherent accumulation of excitation by an ultrashort pulse train. In the two-level case, previous pulses in the train may prepare the medium such that a later pulse may experience amplification and absorption in different positions inside the sample. For a large number of pulses, the atomic medium may be saturated by the train, and some pulses propagate without experiencing either absorption or amplification. In general, absorption of the resonant pulse frequency during propagation compromises the accumulation efficiency. In the three-level case, the coherent accumulation of excitation leads to electromagnetically induced transparency of the pulse train, and the pulses exit the medium without any distortion in their temporal profile.
Soares, A. A.; Araujo, Luis E. E. de [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP (Brazil); Instituto de Fisica 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP (Brazil)
Methanol production from Eucalyptus wood chips. Working Document 2. Vegetative propagation of Eucalypts
The feasibility of large-scale plantation establishment by various methods was examined, and the following conclusions were reached: seedling plantations are limited in potential yield due to genetic variation among the planting stock and often inadequate supplies of appropriate seed; vegetative propagation by rooted cuttings can provide good genetic uniformity of select hybrid planting stock; however, large-scale production requires establishment and maintenance of extensive cutting orchards. The collection of shoots and preparation of cuttings, although successfully implemented in the Congo and Brazil, would not be economically feasible in Florida for large-scale plantations; tissue culture propagation of select hybrid eucalypts offers the only opportunity to produce the very large number of trees required to establish the energy plantation. The cost of tissue culture propagation, although higher than seedling production, is more than off-set by the increased productivity of vegetative plantations established from select hybrid Eucalyptus.
Fishkind, H.H.
SIL rating fire protection equipment
SIL's (Safety Integrity Levels) are used by IEC 61508:1998 [1] to characterise the required functional safety of computer control systems. For example, SIL 4, the highest rating is for fly by wire aircraft and weapons systems and track circuited train ... Keywords: SIL, fire control panels, fire systems
Richard M. Robinson; Kevin J. Anderson
Firm Peaking Revenue Requirement 320.2 million P-SMPB--ED Composite Rate 33.25 millskWh Firm Demand 7.65kWmo Firm Energy 19.05 millskWh Firm Peaking Demand 6.90kWmo Firm...
Instability statistics and mixing rates
We claim that looking at probability distributions of \\emph{finite time} largest Lyapunov exponents, and more precisely studying their large deviation properties, yields an extremely powerful technique to get quantitative estimates of polynomial decay rates of time correlations and Poincar\\'e recurrences in the -quite delicate- case of dynamical systems with weak chaotic properties.
Roberto Artuso; Cesar Manchein
Fast repetition rate (FRR) flasher
A fast repetition rate (FRR) flasher is described suitable for high flash photolysis including kinetic chemical and biological analysis. The flasher includes a power supply, a discharge capacitor operably connected to be charged by the power supply, and a flash lamp for producing a series of flashes in response to discharge of the discharge capacitor. A triggering circuit operably connected to the flash lamp initially ionizes the flash lamp. A current switch is operably connected between the flash lamp and the discharge capacitor. The current switch has at least one insulated gate bipolar transistor for switching current that is operable to initiate a controllable discharge of the discharge capacitor through the flash lamp. Control means connected to the current switch for controlling the rate of discharge of the discharge capacitor thereby to effectively keep the flash lamp in an ionized state between successive discharges of the discharge capacitor. Advantageously, the control means is operable to discharge the discharge capacitor at a rate greater than 10,000 Hz and even up to a rate greater than about 250,000 Hz. 14 figs.
Kolber, Z.; Falkowski, P.
Electric Rate Alternatives to Cogeneration
This paper discusses electric rate alternatives to cogeneration for the industrial customer and attempts to identify the effects on the utility company, the industrial customer as well as remaining customers. It is written from the perspective of one company and its exposure to cogenerstion within its service territory.
Sandberg, K. R. Jr.
Energy Management Through Innovative Rates
Increased costs and a continuing dependence on uncertain supplies of domestic and foreign energy resources have prompted many companies to focus their attention on energy management. The author explores the potential for achieving a greater measure of energy efficiency in the industrial sector and specific rate design alternatives for doing so.
Williams, M. L.
A comment about the existence of a weak solution for a non linear wave equation damped propagation
We give a proof for the existence of a weak solution on the initial-value problem of a non-linear damped propagation
Luiz C. L. Botelho
Soliton propagation, reflection, and transmission in an inhomogeneous plasma with trapped electrons
Transmission and reflection of solitons from a semitransparent grid in an inhomogeneous plasma in the presence of trapped electrons is studied analytically. Conditions are obtained for the obliqueness of the propagation and the drift velocity of ions for the soliton transmission and reflection. Also, a transmission-reflection conservation law is derived. The contribution of trapped electrons to the solitons' propagation and their reflection and transmission is examined through energy, amplitude, and width of the solitons, in addition to the effect of temperature and drift of the ions.
Aziz, Farah; Malik, Hitendra K.; Stroth, Ulrich [Institut fuer Plasmaforschung, Universitaet Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
A revised exposition of the Green-Naghdi theory of heat propagation
We offer a revised exposition of the three types of heat-propagation theories proposed by Green and Naghdi, in the form they were given in 1992-3. Those theories, which make use of the notion of thermal displacement and allow for heat waves, are at variance with the standard Fourier theory; they have attracted considerable interest, and have been applied in a number of disparate physical circumstances, where heat propagation is coupled with elasticity, viscous flows, etc. However, their derivation is not exempt from criticisms, that we here detail, in hopes of opening the way to reconsideration of old applications and proposition of new ones.
Swantje Bargmann; Antonino Favata; Paolo Podio-Guidugli
Propagation of Reactions in Thermally-damaged PBX-9501
A thermally-initiated explosion in PBX-9501 (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) is observed in situ by flash x-ray imaging, and modeled with the LLNL multi-physics arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian code ALE3D. The containment vessel deformation provides a useful estimate of the reaction pressure at the time of the explosion, which we calculate to be in the range 0.8-1.4 GPa. Closely-coupled ALE3D simulations of these experiments, utilizing the multi-phase convective burn model, provide detailed predictions of the reacted mass fraction and deflagration front acceleration. During the preinitiation heating phase of these experiments, the solid HMX portion of the PBX-9501 undergoes a {beta}-phase to {delta}-phase transition which damages the explosive and induces porosity. The multi-phase convective burn model results demonstrate that damaged particle size and pressure are critical for predicting reaction speed and violence. In the model, energetic parameters are taken from LLNL's thermochemical-kinetics code Cheetah and burn rate parameters from Son et al. (2000). Model predictions of an accelerating deflagration front are in qualitative agreement with the experimental images assuming a mode particle diameter in the range 300-400 {micro}m. There is uncertainty in the initial porosity caused by thermal damage of PBX-9501 and, thus, the effective surface area for burning. To better understand these structures, we employ x-ray computed tomography (XRCT) to examine the microstructure of PBX-9501 before and after thermal damage. Although lack of contrast between grains and binder prevents the determination of full grain size distribution in this material, there are many domains visible in thermally damaged PBX-9501 with diameters in the 300-400 {micro}m range.
Tringe, J W; Glascoe, E A; Kercher, J R; Willey, T M; Springer, H K; Greenwood, D W; Molitoris, J D; Smilowitz, L; Henson, B F; Maienschein, J L
Climate change 2007 - mitigation of climate change
This volume of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art and worldwide overview of scientific knowledge related to the mitigation of climate change. It includes a detailed assessment of costs and potentials of mitigation technologies and practices, implementation barriers, and policy options for the sectors: energy supply, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management. It links sustainable development policies with climate change practices. This volume will again be the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change. Contents: Foreword; Preface; Summary for policymakers; Technical Summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Framing issues; 3. Issues related to mitigation in the long term context; 4. Energy supply; 5. Transport and its infrastructure; 6. Residential and commercial buildings; 7. Industry; 8. Agriculture; 9. Forestry; 10. Waste management; 11. Mitigation from a cross sectoral perspective; 12. Sustainable development and mitigation; 13. Policies, instruments and co-operative agreements. 300 figs., 50 tabs., 3 annexes.
Metz, B.; Davidson, O.; Bosch, P.; Dave, R.; Meyer, L. (eds.)
Chemical reaction rates using the semiclassical Van-Vleck initialvalue representation
A semiclassical IVR formulation using the Van-Vleck propagator has been used to calculate the flux correlation function and thereby reaction rate constants. This Van-Vleck formulation of the flux-flux correlation function is computationally as simple as the classical Wigner model. However unlike the latter, it has the ability to capture quantum interference/coherence effects. Classical trajectories are evolved starting from the dividing surface that separates reactants and products, and are evolved negatively in time. This formulation has been tested on model problems ranging from the Eckart barrier, double well to the collinear H + H{sub 2}.
Venkataraman, Charulatha; Miller, William H.
Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations
Rate Rate Escalations to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on Facebook Tweet about Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on Twitter Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on Google Bookmark Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on Delicious Rank Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on Digg Find More places to share Federal Energy Management Program: Water Rate Escalations on AddThis.com... Sustainable Buildings & Campuses Operations & Maintenance Greenhouse Gases Water Efficiency Basics Federal Requirements Best Management Practices Analysis and Evaluation Water Rate Escalations Evaluation Service Contracts Case Studies Resources
Massachusetts Takes On Climate Change
C. Decoupling Electricity Rates from Sales MassachusettsDecoupling Electricity Rates from Sales .. Regionalfuel diversity and electricity rates without considering the
Kimmell, Ken; Laurie, Burt
Utility Rate - Q & A | OpenEI Community
Utility Rate - Q & A Utility Rate - Q & A Home > Utility Rate Content Group Activity By term Q & A Feeds Question Post date Answers OpenEI-specific tutorial for Semantic search? 30 Aug 2013 - 13:09 4 Require selection of units? 20 Jun 2013 - 12:31 3 Does anyone have access to 2012 average residential rates by utility company? I'm seeing an inconsistency between the OpenEI website and EIA 861 data set. 2 May 2013 - 11:29 1 JSON shows incomplete info 1 Mar 2013 - 16:56 2 NREL/Ventyx Utility Rates: What is included? 27 Feb 2013 - 16:25 1 "Show Preview" button is not working; gives error 3 Jan 2013 - 09:52 1 Problems with interface change 10 Dec 2012 - 16:50 3 Tiered time-of-use rates 23 Sep 2012 - 20:52 2 Does the Utility Rates service on OpenEI return/display the latest data or only approved data? 11 Jul 2012 - 13:53 2
Stephen S. Chang Award
Recognizing scientists or technologists who have made decisive accomplishments in research for the improvement or development of products related to lipids. Stephen S. Chang Award ...
Recent Changes to OOF
... direction of the principal stress, ie, the amount of energy that would ... Changed output/stress/statistics/type=invariant to eigenvalues and added a new ...
TAP Gibbs Free Energy, Belief Propagation and Lehel Csato and Manfred Opper
TAP Gibbs Free Energy, Belief Propagation and Sparsity Lehel Csat�??o and Manfred Opper Neural Gibbs free energy for a general densely connected probabilistic model with qaudratic interactions, approximations based on Free Energies allow us to derive marginal moments by a minimising entropic loss measures
Winther, Ole
Propagation and Decay of Forced and Free Baroclinic Rossby Waves in Off-Equatorial Oceans
Baroclinic Rossby wave motions in the off-equatorial oceans are investigated with emphasis on how eddy dissipation can influence the propagation of the height anomalies when both the forced wave response to wind in the interior ocean and the free ...
Bo Qiu; Weifeng Miao; Peter M�ller
Ultra High Energy Particles Propagation and the Transition from Galactic to Extra-Galactic Cosmic Rays
We discuss the basic features of the propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in astrophysical backgrounds, comparing two alternative computation schemes to compute the expected fluxes. We also discuss the issue of the transition among galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays using theoretical results on fluxes to compare different models.
Aloisio, Roberto
Coupled simulation of wave propagation and water pumping phenomenon in driven concrete piles
The purpose of the paper is to simulate the water pumping phenomenon that may cause damage to driven concrete pile below water. The cracked concrete is modeled as water saturated porous media, where the cracked region is given a high permeability. A ... Keywords: Coupled, Cracking, Hydro-mechanical, Pile, Porous media, Wave propagation
P. Kettil; G. Engstr�m; N. -E. Wiberg
Theory of Parabolic Pulse Propagation in Nonlinear Dispersion Decreasing Optical Fiber Amplifiers
1 Theory of Parabolic Pulse Propagation in Nonlinear Dispersion Decreasing Optical Fiber Amplifiers pulses with an initial parabolic power profile keep their shape and acquire a linear frequency chirp upon presence of linear amplification, parabolic pulses enjoy the remarkable property of representing a common
Two parabolic equations for propagation in layered poro-elastic media
Two parabolic equations for propagation in layered poro-elastic media Adam M. Metzlera) Applied 10 October 2012; revised 26 March 2013; accepted 9 May 2013) Parabolic equation methods for fluid. A previous parabolic equation solution for one model of range-independent poro-elastic media [Collins et al
A Photoelectric Technique for Measuring Lightning-Channel Propagation Velocities from a Mobile Laboratory
We have developed a device to measure lightning-channel propagation velocities. It consists of eight solid state silicon photodetectors mounted behind precision horizontal slits in the focal plane of a 50-mm lens on a 35-mm camera body. Each ...
Douglas M. Mach; W. David Rust
PROPANE: an environment for examining the propagation of errors in software
In order to produce reliable software, it is important to have knowledge on how faults and errors may affect the software. In particular, designing efficient error detection mechanisms requires not only knowledge on which types of errors to detect but ... Keywords: error propagation analysis, fault injection, software development tools, software reliability
Simulation of laser propagation in a plasma with a frequency wave equation
The aim of this work is to perform numerical simulations of the propagation of a laser beam in a plasma. At each time step, one has to solve a Helmholtz equation with variable coefficients in a domain which may contain more than hundred millions of cells. ... Keywords: cyclic reduction method, domain decomposition method, helmholtz equation, non-hermitian linear solver, separable matrix
R. Sentis; S. Desroziers; F. Nataf
Interannual and Intraseasonal Variations in Monsoon Depressions and Their Westward-Propagating Predecessors
The majority of monsoon depressions develop from the regenesis of westward-propagating residual lows from the east. Most of these residual lows can be traced to weather disturbances in the south China Sea, including tropical cyclones and 12�24-...
Tsing-Chang Chen; Shu-Ping Weng
Propagation prediction model and performance analysis of RFID system under metallic container production circumstance
Radio-wave attenuation negatively affects RF communications in a RFID system. In order to ensure the reliability of RFID system, one must predict the radio-wave path-loss accurately before detailed design. However, it is infeasible to estimate the path-loss ... Keywords: Metallic container, Propagation prediction model, RFID
Cao Xiaohua; Xiao Hanbin
Propagation de Contraintes et Listes Tabou pour le CSP Mohammad DIB, Alexandre CAMINADA, Hakim MABED
Propagation de Contraintes et Listes Tabou pour le CSP Mohammad DIB, Alexandre CAMINADA, Hakim pour le CSP. Nous proposons une méthode déterministe qui permet de gérer dynamiquement des coupes dans percentages. 1 INTRODUCTION Un problème de satisfaction de contraintes (CSP) [1] est défini par un ensemble de
Signature of burst particle precipitation on VLF signals propagating in the Antarctic earth-ionosphere waveguide
The burst precipitation of energetic electrons ({ge} 40 keV), induced by interactions with lightning-generated whistler mode waves, has been observed to cause phase and amplitude perturbations on subionospheric VLF signals (Trimpi events). With a knowledge of the propagation characteristics of the subionospheric signal, analysis of the perturbation details can lead to estimates of the energy, extent, and location of the precipitation. Trimpi events have been observed on VLF signals propagating at high latitudes (L {ge} 4) over Antarctica, on 3.79-kHz signals as they propagate from Siple toward VLF receivers at Halley and South Pole stations. To simulate the effects of precipitation, localized depressions in the ionospheric reflection height are introduced over the great circle propagation paths in the model, and it is seen that, while the amplitude (up to 6 dB) Trimpi events at Halley cannot be reproduced. Calculations are presented which show that signals echoing from precipitation patches located away from the great circle path could be the cause of such signatures.
Cotton, P.D. (Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom)); Smith, A.J. (Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge (United Kingdom))
Support vector machines versus back propagation algorithm for oil price prediction
The importance of crude oil in the world economy has made it imperative that efficient models be designed for predicting future prices. Neural networks can be used as prediction models, thus, in this paper we investigate and compare the use of a support ... Keywords: back propagation algorithm, crude oil, neural networks, price prediction, radial basis function, support vector machines
Adnan Khashman; Nnamdi I. Nwulu
MINERAL: A program for the propagation of analytical uncertainty through mineral formula recalculations
MINERAL (MINeral ERror AnaLysis) is a MATLAB^(R) based program that performs mineral formula recalculations and calculates the error on formula unit cations though the propagation of analytical uncertainties. The program is focused on 9 common mineral ... Keywords: Error, Mineral recalculation, Uncertainty
Sarah M. H. De Angelis; Owen K. Neill
Interference Pattern and Propagation of the M2 Internal Tide South of the Hawaiian Ridge
Most of the M2 internal tide energy generated at the Hawaiian Ridge radiates away in modes 1 and 2, but direct observation of these propagating waves is complicated by the complexity of the bathymetry at the generation region and by the presence ...
Luc Rainville; T. M. Shaun Johnston; Glenn S. Carter; Mark A. Merrifield; Robert Pinkel; Peter F. Worcester; Brian D. Dushaw
Global Patterns of Low-Mode Internal-Wave Propagation. Part I: Energy and Energy Flux
Extending an earlier attempt to understand long-range propagation of the global internal-wave field, the energy E and horizontal energy flux F are computed for the two gravest baroclinic modes at 80 historical moorings around the globe. With ...
Matthew H. Alford; Zhongxiang Zhao
Propagation of Wind Energy into the Deep Ocean through a Fully Turbulent Mesoscale Eddy Field
The authors analyze the 3D propagation of wind-forced near-inertial motions in a fully turbulent mesoscale eddy field with a primitive equation numerical model. Although the wind stress is uniform, the near-inertial motion field quickly becomes ...
Eric Danioux; Patrice Klein; Pascal Rivi�re
Can Propagation of Gas Bubbles Lead to Detached Solidification? Experiments on Freezing of Water
. The ampoules were ap- proximately 30-cm long and were filled to about 12 cm with water. The heater velocity versus heater temperature. The water was saturated with air and the ampoule was coated with TeflonCan Propagation of Gas Bubbles Lead to Detached Solidification? Experiments on Freezing of Water
Regel, Liya L.
Reversible Parallel Discrete Event Formulation of a TLM-Based Radio Signal Propagation Model
Radio signal strength estimation is essential in many applications, including the design of military radio communications and industrial wireless installations. For scenarios with large or richly featured geographical volumes, parallel processing is ... Keywords: Parallel simulation, electromagnetic wave propagation, radio signal, reverse computation, time warp, transmission line matrix
Sudip K. Seal; Kalyan S. Perumalla
VTG schemes for using back propagation for multivariate time series prediction
This research proposes the three schemes of estimating and adding mid-terms to multivariate time series. In this research, the back propagation is adopted as the approach to multivariate time series prediction. It is traditionally designed for the task ... Keywords: Multivariate time series prediction, Neural networks, Virtual terms
Taeho Jo
Average crack front velocity during subcritical fracture propagation in a heterogeneous medium
the free energy, and thus the energy barrier, via numerous competing mech- anisms like stress corrosion speed of crack growth with increasing G; a weak stress- sensitive regime II follows where transportAverage crack front velocity during subcritical fracture propagation in a heterogeneous medium
Ampuero, Jean Paul
Modeling of ultrasonic and acoustic waves propagation through 2D lattice structures
Effective non-destructive testing techniques for modern lattice structural materials are in great demand. Amongst the more successful tecniques are ultrasonic and acoustic testing. The focus of this paper is the simulation of wave propagation through ... Keywords: finite element methods, modeling and simulation methodologies, ultrasonic testing of lattice structural materials, visualization
Ales Michtchenko; James A. Smith; Massimo Ruzzene