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Fiber's effect on the body's digestive system has long been studied and is this nutrient's main claim to fame. Studies of the benefits of fiber have now expanded to its effect on the risk of stroke and its connection with cholesterol levels. But did you know that there are actually two types of fiber and that your body needs both? Fiber is broken down into soluble and insoluble fiber. Here we'll explore these two types of fiber, what they do and how to naturally get them in your system.
Fiber can come from many different food items like fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes. A diet that consists mostly of processed or fast food has only a small amount of much needed natural fiber and has been linked to many uncomfortable and painful conditions like constipation. Because many people have such low amounts of fiber in their diets, many companies are beginning to "enrich" their processed products with fiber. Unfortunately, some of these enriched foods miss the mark, as they are still very processed and may even contain artificial ingredients. If you are unsure, read the label.
Soluble vs. Insoluble
Simply put, soluble fiber can dissolve in water while insoluble water can not. Both of these types of fiber serve an important purpose for you and your digestion. As Sarah B., Nutritionist and Blogger of My New Roots puts it, "the soluble fiber dissolves in water and soothes the digestive tract with its mucilaginous properties, while the insoluble fiber acts like a broom to sweep the colon free of toxins."
Think of it this way: soluble fiber forms a gel that helps to absorb nutrients while insoluble fiber sweeps through the digestive track and adds bulk to your stool.
The Loss of Fiber
One fact about fiber that may surprise you pertains to a common new craze: juicing. Many use juicing as a way to get a large amount of fruits and vegetables in their diet quickly. Unfortunately, when we discard the plant fiber, we are also discarding the nutrient fiber. Like we said above, fiber not only helps to aid in digestion, but it helps to absorb the nutrients into your body! If you plan on juicing, be sure that you are still eating your fruits and vegetables to ensure that you are getting enough fiber.
Fiber Sources
By now you probably get it – fiber is important. But where do we get fiber? Plants! Fruits and vegetables are all wonderful sources of one or both types of fiber. Whole grain oats and legumes are also chock full of fiber as well as almonds and the infamous prune. Nutiva is proud to offer many products that support a healthy and natural fiber intake. Be sure to drink water as you up your fiber intake, as it is necessary to help move fiber along and prevent cramping or other digestive discomforts.
What are you favorite fiber sources? Have you experienced the benefit of adding fiber to your diet? Let us know in the comments below!


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OLD MIDWAY, TEXAS. Old Midway is a tiny rural community located about seven miles northeast of Centerville in north central Leon County. The settlement may have begun by the early 1900s under the name Midway. Highway maps of the 1930s show the locale of Midway, with scattered dwellings in the area, near the Buffalo Gas Field. By the 1970s the community was listed as Old Midway. No population estimates were available in 2000.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.
Laurie E. Jasinski, "OLD MIDWAY, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hro41), accessed February 27, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.For more information about towns and counties including physical features, statistics, weather, maps and much more, visit the Town Database on TexasAlmanac.com!

subset: commoncrawl


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Brewing this soon! Looks fantastic. One question though: I don't have any Chinook, but I do have plenty of Citra and Zythos. I was thinking of just subbing 1:1 Zythos for Chinook. Zythos is supposed to be a citrusy blend of hops and I think that it will be appropriate here. Also, I was planning on adding 0.5# of Melanoidin malt since I have this on hand and this may be a good recipe to use it in, any problems in these changes that can be seen?? Thanks!
There is a brewery in Meadville, PA (I see you're from PA) that has a FANTASTIC IPA called Fresh Squeezed. You aren't by chance John, are you?
I'm thinking of adding Galaxy hops to this. Should I just replace all of one hop? Any help would be appreciated...
Just add the galaxy as late additions, or dry hopping
So I'm finally getting around to brewing this bad boy this weekend (tomorrow I hope!) and had a few questions on my subs. As I said above I have no Chinook but I have Zythos and Citra. I am thinking of subbing the Citra for the Chinook as Mtitus did above, except for the first addition. I have heard that Citra can be a little "catty" when used as a first bittering hop for that long so I was thinking of the Zythos blend for the 90min bittering sub. Should be good I think. Any problems seen subbing a little less C60, say 1#, for the C40? I don't have any C40 but have quite a bit of C60 and C120 for other recipes coming down the line. Still on the fence about adding a bit of Melanoidin malt since I have this on hand too. Lastly, I know that US-05 is clean and tried and true in this recipe, but I have some yeasts that I havent used before just sitting and waiting for me. What do you think of: Wyeast 1272 Am. Ale or Wyeast 1450 Denny Conn. as a sub? I'll probably just end up using US-05 for the clean and bright flavor that I get with that, but I would be interested to see what the malt-forward 1450 may do to the beer. 1272 is described as, "ferment cool for a clean, light citrus character", which sounds right up the alley of the 'Fresh Squeezed IPA'!! Sorry for the long post, just drank some espresso and very amped to get this brew bubblin away. Thanks all!!
Citra is completely different than chinook and will give you a totally different beer (maybe a better beer, citra rarely disappoints). C60 is a bit much but you can try it, I'm sure it will be good. Do whatever seems okay with the yeast, half is voodoo magic and half is marketing anyway.
Thanks for the reply! Going with citra and Zythos and will update. Found some C40 in ly bin so that's a go too. I also thought about it and will just stick to the US 05. I'll save the 1272 for something else. Should make a good beer! Thanks!
Heating up the strike water for this now. Doing a 5 gallon batch due to the limitations with my 8.5 gal boil kettle. Can't wait, should be delicious...thanks for the recipe.
Getting close to kicking the keg on this one and will definitely be brewing this up again soon! I stayed true to the recipe, except I threw in about an extra once of Citra along the way in the boil kettle and dryhopped with an additional 1/2 ounce of Citra. Here's a pick below... really beautiful color. Don't mind the lack of head, I just waited too long to snap the photo - it's there! One thing that I've really noticed is how the oak seems to be coming out much more now that the hops have begun to fade out. The oak is by no means overpowering, just more noticable now. Still really smooth though.


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A floral area rug introduces virtually the only pattern seen in this room, and here it is the element that brings the design to the next level.
Rooms that mix two distinct prints can be visually dynamic. Here is a room that does just this through floral drapery panels that are mixed with a large scale zigzag rug.
Layla from The Lettered Cottage adds a dose of floral by covering just the seat cushion of a settee. The look is fresh, charming and unexpected.
This is one of the most intriguing uses of a floral print I have ever seen. A ledge placed on the wall above a stove divides the area in half, with tile lining the lower section and a print the upper portion. It is an interesting approach that works.
Flower pillows in pink — now this is a room that is spring-ready.
And then of course, the best kind of floral to bring into a room are flowers! A room simply feels happier when a beautiful bouquet of fresh flowers are arranged in a vase.
This floral wallpaper is dark, but paired with a bright yellow floral duvet it creates a dramatic look that feels right in any season.
A white and tan floral wallpaper hung on a feature wall adds a great deal of interest to this restful bedroom of whites.
A fresh spirit can also be brought in through leaf prints, as Lauren from Pure Style Home has done in her boy's bedroom. The lively print works perfectly with the colors of the room and the graphic rug design.
The large-scale floral print centered across the valances and featured on the drapery panels creates an interesting contrast against the Union Jack pillow and zebra print rug.
How do you use floral print in your home?
Next: See more photos of florals
How do you use floral print in your home?
Next: See more photos of florals


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Issue Archive
GPS Estimates of Integrated Precipitable Water Aid Weather Forecasters
Friday, 01 November 2013
This technique improves weather-forecasting operations.
Global Positioning System (GPS) meteorology provides enhanced density, low-latency (30-min resolution), integrated precipitable water (IPW) estimates to NOAA NWS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service) Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) to provide improved model and satellite data verification capability and more accurate forecasts of extreme weather such as flooding. An early activity of this project was to increase the number of stations contributing to the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) GPS meteorology observing network in Southern California by about 27 stations. Following this, the Los Angeles/Oxnard and San Diego WFOs began using the enhanced GPS-based IPW measurements provided by ESRL in the 2012 and 2013 monsoon seasons. Forecasters found GPS IPW to be an effective tool in evaluating model performance, and in monitoring monsoon development between weather model runs for improved flood forecasting.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, TSP, Data Acquisition
Read More >>
High-Speed Data Recorder for Space, Geodesy, and Other High-Speed Recording Applications
Friday, 01 November 2013
A high-speed data recorder and replay equipment has been developed for reliable high-data-rate recording to disk media. It solves problems with slow or faulty disks, multiple disk insertions, high-altitude operation, reliable performance using COTS hardware, and long-term maintenance and upgrade path challenges.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, Data Acquisition
Read More >>
Integrating a Microwave Radiometer into Radar Hardware for Simultaneous Data Collection Between the Instruments
Friday, 01 November 2013
Electronics are shared between the instruments.
The conventional method for integrating a radiometer into radar hardware is to share the RF front end between the instruments, and to have separate IF receivers that take data at separate times. Alternatively, the radar and radiometer could share the antenna through the use of a diplexer, but have completely independent receivers. This novel method shares the radar's RF electronics and digital receiver with t he radiometer, while allowing for simultaneous operation of the ra da r and radiometer.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, TSP, Data Acquisition
Read More >>
Cryogenic Liquid Sample Acquisition System for Remote Space Applications
Friday, 01 November 2013
There is a need to acquire autonomously cryogenic hydrocarbon liquid sample from remote planetary locations such as the lakes of Titan for instruments such as mass spectrometers. There are several problems that had to be solved relative to collecting the right amount of cryogenic liquid sample into a warmer spacecraft, such as not allowing the sample to boil off or fractionate too early; controlling the intermediate and final pressures within carefully designed volumes; designing for various particulates and viscosities; designing to thermal, mass, and power-limited spacecraft interfaces; and reducing risk. Prior art inlets for similar instruments in spaceflight were designed primarily for atmospheric gas sampling and are not useful for this front-end application.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, TSP, Data Acquisition
Read More >>
A Short-Range Distance Sensor with Exceptional Linearity
Tuesday, 01 October 2013
Potential uses exist in the areas of micromachining and nanotechnology.
A sensor has been demonstrated that
can measure distance over a total range
of about 300 microns to an accuracy of
about 0.1 nm (resolution of about 0.01
nm). This represents an exceptionally
large dynamic range of operation —
over 1,000,000. The sensor is optical in
nature, and requires the attachment of a
mirror to the object whose distance is
being measured.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs
Read More >>
Fast, Large-Area, Wide-Bandgap UV Photodetector for Cherenkov Light Detection
Tuesday, 01 October 2013
This detector can be used for monitoring fires, microbial sterilization/disinfection processing,
and spectrophotometry analysis.
Due to limited resources available for
power and space for payloads, miniaturizing
and integrating instrumentation is
a high priority for addressing the challenges
of manned and unmanned deep
space missions to high Earth orbit
(HEO), near Earth objects (NEOs),
Lunar and Martian orbits and surfaces,
and outer planetary systems, as well as
improvements to high-altitude aircraft
safety. New, robust, and compact detectors
allow future instrumentation packages
more options in satisfying specific
mission goals.
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, TSP
Read More >>
Miniature Trace Gas Detector Based on Microfabricated Optical Resonators
Tuesday, 01 October 2013
Ultra-sensitive detection of molecules is available
with a modified whispering gallery mode
While a variety of techniques exist to monitor trace gases,
methods relying on absorption of laser light are the most commonly
used in terrestrial applications. Cavity-enhanced
absorption techniques typically use high-reflectivity mirrors to
form a resonant cavity, inside of which a sample gas can be analyzed. The effective absorption
length is augmented by the cavity's high
quality factor, or Q, because the light
reflects many times between the mirrors.
The sensitivity of such mirrorbased
sensors scales with size, generally
making them somewhat bulky in volume.
Also, specialized coatings for the
high-reflectivity mirrors have limited
bandwidth (typically just a few nanometers),
and the delicate mirror surfaces
can easily be degraded by dust or chemical
Read More >>
Posted in: Briefs, TSP
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Cain Velasquez versus JDS Title FightThe biggest, literally, takes place at the promotion's annual year-end card – UFC 155, which features a heavyweight title rematch between champion Jun watch video >>
The Rematch between Cain Velasquez x Junior Dos Santos. watch video >>
Cain Velasquez will rematch Junior Dos Santos for the UFC heavyweight title at UFC 155 in December. Velasquez explains how he will fight the Brazilian champ differently when the two meet up again thi watch video >>
Inside MMA correspondent Ron Kruck caught up with Cain Velasquez to ask the UFC Heavyweight about his potential fight with Junior Dos Santos, or quite possibly Alistair Overeem watch video >>
Heavyweight champion Junior dos Santos and former champion Cain Velasquez meet again at UFC 155 with an all-star card rounding out the event: Mr. Wonderful, J-Lau, The Crippler and more. watch video >>
Will Junior dos Santos keep the heavyweight title or will Cain Velasquez reclaim the belt that once belonged to him? Joe Rogan examines the keys to victory and what each fighter needs to bring to the watch video >>
MMA H.E.A.T.'s Karyn Bryant talks with UFC heavyweight Cain Velasquez after the UFC 155 pre-fight press conference and hears what he has to say about his upcoming rematch with champ Junior dos Santos watch video >>
If you're still undecided about JDS vs. Cain Velasquez, let Dana White break it down for you watch video >>
UFC Heavyweight champion Junior Dos Santos faces off against #1 contender Cain Velasquez in a hotly anticipated rematch, only on PPV Saturday, December 29. watch video >>


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quote: vegas bombs
quote:what would be the rules?
quote:No interest in house parties. Not in 8th grade.
quote:she's fun to party with
quote:have you bought any vegas bombs?
quote:one day i'd like to have a drinking contest with OTers
quote:Agreed. One of the worst drinks I've had.
quote:more than i can count.
quote:what is that supposed to mean?


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Whoa! Barbara is lashing out at Selena in a new interview! She's blaming the 'Wizards of Waverly Place' star for all the drama that surrounds their twisted 'love' triangle with Justin Bieber!
Barbara Palvin is not happy with Selena Gomez. In a new interview, the model blames Selena for all the "ridiculous" stories that have been written about her and Justin Bieber.
"You know how the drama started — Selena retweeted the picture," Barbara told Celebuzz on Jan. 12.
Selena, 20, posted a photo of Justin, Lil' Twist and Barbara together with just, "…" on Nov. 8. It was clear that Selena was mad at Justin for hanging with the model.
"I'm okay to talk about it because I know there's nothing. It's ridiculous how this got to the news," Barbara said to the website.
Barbara claims she was just "hanging out" with Justin, 18, during the Victoria's Secret fashion show on Nov. 7.
"That was it . . . that's why it was so weird. [Jelena fans] thought I caused a big drama, their break-up."
"hey everyone. please calm down. he is all yours!!" Barbara wrote on Twitter on Nov. 9, in response to fans getting angry with her.
"I wanted to meet him real bad," Barbara added. "I watched his movie [Justin Bieber: Never Say Never] and I was like, 'He's such a cool kid, I want to meet him.' And then when I did at the [Victoria's Secret] show we met and of course we had a conversation and then I took the picture with him."
Their Lion King Date Revealed
Romance rumors started when Justin was spotted on Nov. 8, catching a showing of The Lion King on Broadway — with Barbara!
"It was my sister's first time in New York and we so wanted to go to Broadway, but there were no more tickets," Barbara explained. "I just came up and was telling him, 'My sister is here, but she's sad because we can't go to Broadway, no more tickets.' And he was like, 'Well, I can get you one.' And his friends came . . . like six people and then me, my sister and agent. So friends."
What About Her Visit To Miami?
Fans were in a frenzy yet again when Barbara posted a picture on Twitter of herself in Miami on Dec. 8, allegedly standing in front of Justin's tour bus. However, Barbara says that was NOT Justin's bus.
"We didn't hang out, that's the funny part," she said.
"It was so funny when I read we were hanging out in Miami and I was also wearing his t-shirt. Dude, that's my t-shirt!" Barbara added.
"And you see the mobile homes in the back [of my Twitter photo] — when you're shooting on location you have mobile homes to do the hair and makeup and dress. And they put everything together like that's Bieber's tour bus, that's Bieber's shirt. I was like, 'No!'"
Jelena Drama Affected Barbara's Relationship With Her BF
"They [the media] gave me a real hard time with this with my boyfriend. They also put him in the press and he's not a celebrity or anything," she said. "Him being back home [in Hungary] with a normal life and everybody is like, 'You're girlfriend is dating Justin.' It's very hard for him. It made me pissed, but there's always a dark side of this business."
Barbara Has A Connection With Scooter Braun
"[Justin and I] don't stay in touch. I more talk with his manager Scooter. His father is Hungarian so there is this Hungarian connection and I talk with him."
Barbara Reached Out To Justin After Paparazzo Was Killed
"When I heard that the paparazzi died in L.A. I called him [Scooter] and I told him to also tell Justin that maybe this is not a good start of the year, but the rest is going to be better. So I'm more in contact with Scooter than with Bieber."
Now that Justin and Selena have broken up, yet again, perhaps Barbara and Justin will finally have a chance at a real romance. What do YOU think, HollywoodLifers?
— Chris Rogers
More Justin & Selena News:
- Justin Bieber Smokes Pot To Get Over Selena Gomez?
- Justin Bieber Confirms Selena Gomez Split On Twitter
- Selena Gomez Tweets About A 'Fresh Start' — Dumping Justin Bieber?
View Comment
Posted at 5:35 PM on January 15, 2013
They're people just like us. If they want to be friends or hang out, that's their business. And Barbara clearly states that she has a boyfriend, so why is there still all this talk of her and Justin having a romantic connection? Everyone reads way too deeply into these things. Also, maybe she just happens to have the same or a similar shirt that Justin has! It's not like all of his clothes are one of a kind. To those saying that they "hate the model" or "hate selena," I HIGHLY doubt that you personally know either of them. How can you hate someone you don't even know? Hate and jealousy are separated by a VERY thin line so check yourself. JUST LET THEM LIVE THEIR LIVES.
Juliet Bieber
Posted at 6:26 PM on January 15, 2013
Posted at 10:42 AM on January 15, 2013
Posted at 4:47 AM on January 15, 2013
Posted at 3:20 AM on January 15, 2013
Posted at 5:46 PM on January 14, 2013
1. Barbara has a bf which we've know about for months now so idk why this is such a revelation.
2. I think she is just a fan, and not legitimately interested in him. Besides, with their schedules I doubt they could date even if they wanted too.
3. Publicity for herself – she acts innocent but she keeps giving out these interviews and other stuff so making it so blatant that she loves the attention (from the press not the psycho fans).
4. Regardless of whether or not she and Justin flirted or hooked up, and it's not hard to believe that they flirted but i really doubt the hooked up, the fact of the matter is the girl from day one has stated (in interview, blogs, etc) the she does not like Jelena (Justin +Selena).
5. After her (Barbra's) many negative comments, and blatant disapproval of their relationship, I think Selena felt justified in asking that Justin doesn't hang out with her. It probably is not out of jealousy, as the media is portraying but rather a common in ability to understand the following: "why did you become friends with a girl who trash talks your gf, who does that?"
6. All the stories about Justin texting/flirting with other girls, probably true. A lot of the models and back stage staff admitted that he was asking for phone numbers from many of them (not realizing that most were married/in a relationship and had children) so I don't put anything past him. But no where did anyone (other than Hollywood life and other media source speculation/gossip) say that one of those girls that he was flirting texting with was Barbra. It would've been anyone or a random fan.
7. Justin is an 18 year old celebrity, and a male at that. Is it really that unreasonable to believe that he'd respond to a bunch of swooning girls in a flirtatious way, even if he didn't mean it seriously? I mean look at all the One Direction and Wanted fans who thin so highly of them when its kind of common knowledge that they sleep with everyone (fans, groupies, hotel staff etc) and many of them had/have gfs. While i doubt) that does would ever go that far (yet) i don't find it unbelievable that he wouldn't flirt back even 1ce.
Posted at 5:25 PM on January 14, 2013
Duy Bui
Posted at 4:01 PM on January 14, 2013
Posted at 2:49 PM on January 14, 2013
let it go.
Posted at 1:28 PM on January 14, 2013
I sure wish people would stop bringing up the weed thing like thats the worst thing anybody could ever do lol. beibs is young and having fun so it happens. how is that even relevant to the subject at hand….. oh yea its not. get over it already. nobody is perfect and they shouldn't have to pretend to be just to fit the likings of other IMPERFECT people in the world growing up and making tons of mistakes along the way just like everybody else.
Posted at 11:23 AM on January 14, 2013
let it go.
Posted at 1:32 PM on January 14, 2013
Posted at 8:56 AM on January 14, 2013
Posted at 6:36 AM on January 14, 2013
For all who are saying she has a boyfriend why he take her and a date u can't read or what she said that she told him that she no have tikets for the show and she wanna take her sister to the show so he give her tikets and she went with his sis and agent and he went with friends so there is nothing goin on don't was a date and clearly she is still with his boyfriend so stop make up things
Posted at 5:44 AM on January 14, 2013
Here's some ideas: Let Justin decide who he wants to date, if anyone. Don't blame him or his girlfriend or another girl for the breakup because we really don't know the story. Relationships break up all the time, with or without a third person involved, especially among teenagers. Why drag an innocent girl into the mess created by two other people who don't even live in the same part of the world as this other girl. Not every romance has a fairy tale ending. Sometimes it wasn't meant to be, it didn't work out, move on.
Posted at 5:03 AM on January 14, 2013
Meh is meh
Posted at 6:01 AM on January 14, 2013
Posted at 4:21 AM on January 14, 2013
Posted at 3:50 AM on January 14, 2013
Her supporter Marc Jacobs made up the gossip and spread it on the internet to use Justin's fame for her carrier. Marc Jacobs supports her meanwhile cruelly tortures another young girl, you can read the details at: Marc Jacobs the godfather in Sponge Bob disguise at styleangelique. blogspot. hu
Posted at 3:49 AM on January 14, 2013


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Volvo V70 2.4 Derivatives
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IMRS Monthly Overview – May 2014
The IMRS Monthly Overview provides synopses of some of the issues received and/or closed by the Issue Management Resolution System staff during the past month. The Monthly Overview informs the public about the work of IMRS and highlights issues that we think would be of most interest to external stakeholders.
Policy, Practice, Procedures
IMRS Issue 14-0001920 – Form 1041, U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts, payment posting errors
Issue: Practitioner reports payments made by clients filing Forms 1041 are posting incorrectly, especially with short year or fiscal year returns.
Response: IRS is considering revising Form 1041-V, Payment Voucher, to allow for fiscal year and short year tax period ending dates. In the interim, taxpayers filing Forms 1041 for tax periods ending in months other than December should mark out the tax year on the upper right-hand corner of Form 1041-V and write in the tax period ending date (MM/DD/YYYY). IRS is also considering changes to internal processing of delinquent Forms 1041-V to ensure payments are applied to tax periods on Forms 1041.
IMRS Issue 14-0001938 – Matching excess Medicare tax withholding
Issue: Practitioners' clients are receiving IRS Letter 12C concerning IRS attempts to match federal tax withholding to box 2 of Form W-2 when additional withholdings on Form 8959 must also be considered. The recommendation is for the Service to suspend issuance of Letter 12C until Form 8959 is matched to line 62 of Form 1040.
Response: Thank you for bringing this issue to our attention. The Letter 12C is not generated systemically but prepared manually and according to established procedures. IRS recently revised procedures for verifying Medicare tax to prevent this from reoccurring. We apologize for the inconvenience.
NOTE: Current and previous reports are also available on this site. The monthly overviews are posted for this year through the current month. You can also access reports for issues closed in prior years on the same page.
We invite you to raise your issues/concerns with your local stakeholder liaison.
Rate the Small Business and Self-Employed Website


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Creamy Pineapple Pie with Brown Sugar Meringue. Pineapple Pie with Brown Sugar Meringue?
It just kinda happened to me. See, I was in need of a recipe to use up my egg whites after making this. TARTE À L'ANANAS FRAIS. Sunday Dinner. Salted Chocolate Caramel Tart Soccer season is over, but basketball season is just beginning.
The first game is today, so I needed a Sunday dinner that could be made in advance. The good thing is the Sugo we are having has that "next day better" goodness. Strawberry crostata. As a kid my favorite dessert was strawberry tart – it was similar to the banana tart I made for my dad a while ago: same crust and filling, with the strawberries beautifully arranged on top of the velvety cream – mom brushed the berries with jam so they'd be shiny and pretty. :) My taste buds have changed a lot all these years and my childhood tart is no longer my favorite dessert, but I'm still crazy about strawberries; I used them instead of rhubarb and raspberries in this recipe and have to say that NOT eating all the filling before making the crostata was one of the toughest things I've ever done in my kitchen. :) Strawberry crostata adapted from Australian Gourmet Traveller.
Rare and Beautiful Treasures: Old Fashioned Strawberry Pie. The Old Boy's Strawberry Pie Recipe. Old Fashioned Strawberry Pie Recipe.


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Dear Theatre-goer,
These ratings are entirely subjective; I have based them on the language and themes contained in the shows. (We cannot be responsible for content of shows produced by other entities and listed on the upcoming events page.)
They are for general guideline purposes only.
Hope to see you at the theatre!
Don Whisted, Artistic Director
Unnecessary Farce by Paul Slade Smith
February 12-March 1, 2015
Two cops. Three crooks. Eight doors. Go. In a cheap motel room, an embezzling mayor is supposed to meet with his female accountant, while in the room next-door; two undercover cops wait to catch the meeting on videotape. But there's some confusion as to who's in which room, who's being videotaped, who's taken the money, who's hired a hit man, and why the accountant keeps taking off her clothes.
Adult language and humor.
Hair - Book & Lyrics by Gerome Ragni & James Rado Music by Galt McDermot
April 30-May 17, 2015
Hair:: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical. A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement. The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.
Hair tells the story of the "tribe", a group of politically active, long-haired hippies of the "Age of Aquarius" living a bohemian life in New York City and fighting against conscription into the Vietnam War. Claude, his good friend Berger, their roommate Sheila and their friends struggle to balance their young lives, loves and the sexual revolution with their rebellion against the war and their conservative parents and society.
Several of the songs from its score became Top 10 hits, and a feature film adaptation was released in 1979.
Adult language, situations & nudity.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Long-term effects of alcohol | |
Classification and external resources | |
Long-term effects of alcohol | |
Classification and external resources | |
The long-term effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease[2][3] to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.[4] High levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.[5][6] The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.[7] The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol.[8] In addition, the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable, and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol.
The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years.[9] Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption, however, given the many health concerns associated with it. Some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug, and prefer exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease.[10][11] Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks, including those of injuries, violence, fetal damage, liver disease, and certain forms of cancer.[12]
Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical.[13] Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health. The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases, oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatitis. Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis.[14] Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol, most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers, rather than the heavy drinker minority.[15] Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health. Chronic excess alcohol intake, or alcohol dependence, can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and malignant neoplasms. The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, panic disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, suicide, neurologic deficits (e.g. impairments of working memory, emotions, executive functions, visuospatial abilities and gait and balance) and brain damage. Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke, cancer of the respiratory system, and also cancers of the digestive system, liver, breast and ovaries. Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease, such as cirrhosis.[16] Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging.[17]
Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit.[18] One study has suggested a beneficial effect of alcohol on patients with hypertension.[19]
Different countries recommend different maximum quantities. For most countries, the maximum quantity for men is 140 g–210 g per week. For women, the range is 84 g–140 g per week.[citation needed] Most countries recommend total abstinence whilst pregnant or breastfeeding.
Over-consumption of alcohol causes many deaths worldwide. The overall mortality from alcohol use was found to be similar to that of the effect of physical inactivity.[20] A review in 2009 found that "the net effect of alcohol consumption on health is detrimental, with an estimated 3.8% of all global deaths and 4.6% of global disability-adjusted life-years attributable to alcohol."[21]
Extensive research of Western cultures has consistently shown increased survival associated with light to moderate alcohol consumption.[22] A 23-year prospective study of 12,000 male British physicians aged 48–78, found that overall mortality was significantly lower in current drinkers compared to non-drinkers even after correction for ex-drinkers. This benefit was strongest for ischemic heart disease, but was also noted for other vascular disease and respiratory disease. Death rate amongst current drinkers was higher for 'alcohol augmentable' disease such as liver disease and oral cancers, but these deaths were much less common than cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. The lowest mortality rate was found for consumption of 8 to 14 'units' per week. In the UK a unit is defined as 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol.[23] Higher consumption increased overall mortality rate, but not above that of non-drinkers.[24] Other studies have found age-dependent mortality risks of low-to-moderate alcohol use: an increased risk for individuals aged 16-34 (due to increased risk of cancers, accidents, liver disease, and other factors), but a decreased risk for individuals ages 55+ (due to lower incidence of ischemic heart disease).[25]
This is consistent with other research that found a J-curve dependency between alcohol consumption and total mortality among middle aged and older men. While the mortality rates of ex-drinkers and heavy drinkers are significantly elevated, the all-cause mortality rates may be 15-18% lower among moderate drinkers. Although the definition of a drink varies between studies and countries, this meta-analysis found that low levels of alcohol intake, defined as 1-2 drinks per day for women and 2-4 drinks per day for men, was associated with lower mortality than abstainers.[26] This claim was challenged by another study[27][28] that found that in certain low quality studies occasional drinkers or ex-drinkers were included as abstainers, resulting in the increased mortality in that group. However, the J-curve for total and CHD mortality was reconfirmed by studies that took the mentioned confounders into account.[29][30][31][32] There seems to be little discussion of what proportion of individuals classified as abstainers are those already at greater risk of mortality due to chronic conditions and do not or cannot consume alcohol for reasons of health or harmful interactions with medication.
The observed decrease in mortality of light-to-moderate drinkers compared to never drinkers might be partially explained by superior health and social status of the drinking group;[33] however, the protective effect of alcohol in light to moderate drinkers remains significant even after adjusting for these confounders.[30][32] Additionally, confounders such as underreporting of alcohol intake might lead to the underestimation of how much mortality is reduced in light-to-moderate drinkers.[29][34]
A 2010 study confirmed the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on mortality.[32] Subjects were grouped into abstainers, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. The order of mortality rates from lowest to highest were moderate, light, heavy, and abstainers. The increased risk for abstainers was twice the mortality rate as for moderate drinkers. This study specifically sought to control for confounding factors including the problem of ex-drinkers considered as non-drinkers.[32] According to another study, drinkers with heavy drinking occasions (six or more drinks at a time) have a 57% higher all-cause mortality than drinkers without heavy drinking occasions.[35]
Mortality is lowest among young abstainers and highest among young heavy drinkers.[36]
In contrast to studies of Western cultures, research in other cultures has yielded some opposite findings. The landmark INTERHEART Study has revealed that alcohol consumption in South Asians was not protective against CAD in sharp contrast to other populations who benefit from it.[37] In fact Asian Indians who consume alcohol had a 60% higher risk of heart attack which was greater with local spirits (80%) than branded spirits (50%).[38] The harm was observed in alcohol users classified as occasional as well as regular light, moderate, and heavy consumers.[38]
Another large study of 4465 subjects in India also confirmed the possible harm of alcohol consumption on coronary risk in men. Compared to lifetime abstainers, alcohol users had higher blood sugar (2 mg/dl), blood pressure (2 mm Hg) levels, and the HDL-C levels (2 mg/dl) and significantly higher tobacco use (63% vs. 21%).[38]
Many countries collect statistics on alcohol-related deaths. While some categories relate to short-term effects, such as accidents, many relate to long-term effects of alcohol.
One study claims that "excessive alcohol consumption in Russia, particularly by men, has in recent years caused more than half of all the deaths at ages 15-54 years."[39] However, there are some difficulties with this study. For instance the same study also found a protective effect of heavy drinking on breast cancer mortality. This contradicts the well established scientific view that alcohol increases breast cancer risk.[40] On this account in further correspondence it was advised that "careful interpretation of mortality statistics in relation to alcohol use is needed, taking into account other relevant risk factors, incidence, and survival."[41]
The authors replied that "whether or not the apparent shortfall in breast cancer mortality among heavy drinkers is real, it accounts for only about 0·1% of adult deaths in Russia. Careful interpretation of it is therefore of little relevance to the findings for alcohol and overall mortality".
A governmental report from Britain has found that "There were 8,724 alcohol-related deaths in 2007, lower than 2006, but more than double the 4,144 recorded in 1991. The alcohol-related death rate was 13.3 per 100,000 population in 2007, compared with 6.9 per 100,000 population in 1991."[42] In Scotland, the NHS estimate that in 2003 one in every 20 deaths could be attributed to alcohol.[43] A 2009 report noted that the death rate from alcohol-related disease was 9,000, a number three times that of 25 years previously.[44]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, "From 2001–2005, there were approximately 79,000 deaths annually attributable to excessive alcohol use. In fact, excessive alcohol use is the 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death for people in the United States each year."[45] A 1993 study estimated US deaths through alcohol at 100,000.[46]
In a 2010 long-term study of an older population, the beneficial effects of moderate drinking were confirmed. Both abstainers and heavy drinkers showed an increased mortality of about 50% over moderate drinkers after adjustment for confounding factors.[47]
Some animal studies have found increased longevity with exposure to various alcohols. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model for aging and age-related diseases.[48] The lifespan of these worms has been shown to double when fed 0.005% ethanol, but does not markedly increase at higher concentrations. Supplementing starved cultures with n-propanol and n-butanol also extended lifespan.[49]
A meta-analysis of 34 studies found a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease in men who drank 2 - 4 drinks per day and women who drank 1 - 2 drinks per day.[26] Alcohol has been found to have anticoagulant properties.[50][51] Thrombosis is lower among moderate drinkers than abstainers.[52] A meta-analysis of randomized trials found that alcohol consumption in moderation decreases serum levels of fibrinogen, a protein that promotes clot formation, while it increases levels of tissue type plasminogen activator, an enzyme that helps dissolve clots.[53] These changes were estimated to reduce coronary heart disease risk by about 24%. Another meta-analysis in 2011 found favorable changes in HDL cholesterol, adiponectin, and fibrinogen associated with moderate alcohol consumption.[54]
Also, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation and predictor of CHD (coronary heart disease) risk, are lower in moderate drinkers than in those who abstain from alcohol, suggesting that alcohol consumption in moderation might have anti-inflammatory effects.[55][56][57]
Despite epidemiological evidence, many have cautioned against recommendations for the use of alcohol for health benefits. A physician from the World Health Organisation labeled such alcohol promotion as "ridiculous and dangerous".[58][59] One reviewer has noted, "Despite the wealth of observational data, it is not absolutely clear that alcohol reduces cardiovascular risk, because no randomized controlled trials have been performed. Alcohol should never be recommended to patients to reduce cardiovascular risk as a substitute for the well-proven alternatives of appropriate diet, exercise, and drugs."[60] It has been argued[who?] that the health benefits from alcohol are at best debatable and may have been exaggerated by the alcohol industry. Some investigators hold that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug with potentially serious adverse effects on health and should not be promoted for cardio-protection.[10]
Nevertheless, a large prospective non-randomized study has shown that moderate alcohol intake in individuals already at low risk based on body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and diet, yields further improvement in cardiovascular risk.[61] Furthermore, a multicenter randomized diet study published in 2013 found that a Mediterranean-diet, which included an encouragement to daily wine consumption in habitual drinkers, led to a dramatic reduction in cardiovascular events.[62]
A prospective study published in 1997 found "moderate alcohol consumption appears to decrease the risk of PAD in apparently healthy men."[63] In a large population-based study, moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with peripheral arterial disease in women but not in men. But when confounding by smoking was considered, the benefit extended to men. The study concluded "an inverse association between alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in nonsmoking men and women."[64][65]
A study found that moderate consumption of alcohol had a protective effect against intermittent claudication. The lowest risk was seen in men who drank 1 to 2 drinks per day and in women who drank half to 1 drink per day.[66]
Drinking in moderation has been found to help those who have suffered a heart attack survive it.[67][68][69] However, excessive alcohol consumption leads to an increased risk of heart failure.[70] A review of the literature found that half a drink of alcohol offered the best level of protection. However, they noted that at present there have been no randomised trials to confirm the evidence which suggests a protective role of low doses of alcohol against heart attacks.[71] However, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with hypertension.[12] There is an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke if 3 or more standard drinks of alcohol are taken per day.[72]
Large amount of alcohol over the long term can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy presents in a manner clinically identical to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, involving hypertrophy of the musculature of the heart that can lead to congestive heart failure.[73]
Alcoholics may have anemia from several causes;[74] they may also develop thrombocytopenia from direct toxic effect on megakaryocytes, or from hypersplenism.
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption impairs brain development, causes alcohol dementia, brain shrinkage, physical dependence, increases neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders and causes distortion of the brain chemistry. At present, due to poor study design and methodology, the literature is inconclusive on whether moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of dementia or decreases it.[75] Evidence for a protective effect of low to moderate alcohol consumption on age related cognitive decline and dementia has been suggested by some research, however, other research has not found a protective effect of low to moderate alcohol consumption.[76] Some evidence suggests that low to moderate alcohol consumption may speed up brain volume loss.[77] Chronic consumption of alcohol may result in increased plasma levels of the toxic amino acid homocysteine;[78][79] which may explain alcohol withdrawal seizures,[80] alcohol-induced brain atrophy[81] and alcohol-related cognitive disturbances.[82] Alcohol's impact on the nervous system can also include disruptions of memory and learning (see Effects of alcohol on memory), such as resulting in a blackout phenomenon.
Epidemiological studies of middle-aged populations generally find the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of stroke to be either U- or J-shaped.[83][84][85][86] There may be very different effects of alcohol based on the type of stroke studied. The predominant form of stroke in Western cultures is ischemic, whereas non-western cultures have more hemorrhagic stroke. In contrast to the beneficial effect of alcohol on ischemic stroke, consumption of more than 2 drinks per day increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The National Stroke Association estimates this higher amount of alcohol increases stroke risk by 50%.[87] "For stroke, the observed relationship between alcohol consumption and risk in a given population depends on the proportion of strokes that are hemorrhagic. Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke which is likely to be, in part, causal. Hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, displays a loglinear relationship with alcohol intake."[88]
Alcohol abuse is associated with widespread and significant brain lesions. Alcohol related brain damage is not only due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol; alcohol withdrawal, nutritional deficiency, electrolyte disturbances, and liver damage are also believed to contribute to alcohol-related brain damage.[89] The long-term effects of alcohol on brain chemistry is an important cause of chronic fatigue.[90]
Excessive alcohol intake is associated with impaired prospective memory. This impaired cognitive ability leads to increased failure to carry out an intended task at a later date, for example, forgetting to lock the door or to post a letter on time. The higher the volume of alcohol consumed and the longer consumed, the more severe the impairments.[91] One of the organs most sensitive to the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption is the brain. In France approximately 20% of admissions to mental health facilities are related to alcohol-related cognitive impairment, most notably alcohol-related dementia. Chronic excessive alcohol intake is also associated with serious cognitive decline and a range of neuropsychiatric complications. The elderly are the most sensitive to the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain.[92] There is some inconclusive evidence that small amounts of alcohol taken in earlier adult life is protective in later life against cognitive decline and dementia.[93] However, a study concluded, "Our findings suggest that, despite previous suggestions, moderate alcohol consumption does not protect older people from cognitive decline."[94]
Acetaldehyde is produced from ethanol metabolism by the liver. The acetaldehyde is further metabolized by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. A deficiency of this enzyme is not uncommon in individuals from Northeastern Asia as pointed out in a study from Japan.[95] This study has suggested these individuals may be more susceptible to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, however this higher risk is associated with the enzyme deficiency not with alcohol consumption. Individuals with this defect generally do not drink alcohol.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a manifestation of thiamine deficiency, usually as a secondary effect of alcohol abuse.[96] The syndrome is a combined manifestation of two eponymous disorders, Korsakoff's Psychosis and Wernicke's encephalopathy, named after Drs. Sergei Korsakoff and Carl Wernicke. Wernicke's encephalopathy is the acute presentation of the syndrome and is characterised by a confusional state while Korsakoff's psychosis main symptoms are amnesia and executive dysfunction.[97]
Essential tremors can be temporarily relieved in up to two-thirds of patients by drinking small amounts of alcohol.[98]
Ethanol is known to activate aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, which are both implicated in essential tremor pathology[99] and could underlie the ameliorative effects.[100][101] Additionally, the effects of ethanol have been studied in different animal essential tremor models.
For more details on this topic, see Essential tremor
Chronic use of alcohol used to induce sleep can lead to insomnia. Frequent moving between sleep stages occurs, with awakenings due to headaches and diaphoresis. Stopping chronic alcohol abuse can also lead to profound disturbances of sleep with vivid dreams. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with NREM stage 3 and 4 sleep as well as suppression of REM sleep and REM sleep fragmentation. During withdrawal REM sleep is typically exaggerated as part of a rebound effect.[102]
High rates of major depressive disorder occur in heavy drinkers and those who abuse alcohol. Whether it is more true that major depressive disorder causes self-medicating alcohol abuse, or the increased incidence of the disorder in alcohol abusers is caused by the drinking, is not known though some evidence suggests drinking causes the disorder.[103] Alcohol misuse is associated with a number of mental health disorders and alcoholics have a very high suicide rate.[104] A study of people hospitalised for suicide attempts found that those who were alcoholics were 75 times more likely to go on to successfully commit suicide than non-alcoholic suicide attempters.[105] In the general alcoholic population the increased risk of suicide compared to the general public is 5-20 times greater. About 15 percent of alcoholics commit suicide. Abuse of other drugs is also associated with an increased risk of suicide. About 33 percent of suicides in the under 35s are due to alcohol or other substance misuse.[106]
Social skills are significantly impaired in people suffering from alcoholism due to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol on the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex area of the brain. The social skills that are impaired by alcohol abuse include impairments in perceiving facial emotions, prosody perception problems and theory of mind deficits; the ability to understand humour is also impaired in alcohol abusers.[107]
Studies have shown that alcohol dependence relates directly to cravings and irritability.[108] Another study has shown that alcohol use is a significant predisposing factor towards antisocial behavior in children.[109] Depression, anxiety and panic disorder are disorders commonly reported by alcohol dependent people. Alcoholism is associated with dampened activation in brain networks responsible for emotional processing (e.g. the amygdala and hippocampus).[110] Evidence that the mental health disorders are often induced by alcohol misuse via distortion of brain neurochemistry is indicated by the improvement or disappearance of symptoms that occurs after prolonged abstinence, although problems may worsen in early withdrawal and recovery periods.[111][112][113] Psychosis is secondary to several alcohol-related conditions including acute intoxication and withdrawal after significant exposure.[114] Chronic alcohol misuse can cause psychotic type symptoms to develop, more so than with other drugs of abuse. Alcohol abuse has been shown to cause an 800% increased risk of psychotic disorders in men and a 300% increased risk of psychotic disorders in women which are not related to pre-existing psychiatric disorders. This is significantly higher than the increased risk of psychotic disorders seen from cannabis use making alcohol abuse a very significant cause of psychotic disorders.[115] Approximately 3 percent of people who are alcohol dependent experience psychosis during acute intoxication or withdrawal. Alcohol-related psychosis may manifest itself through a kindling mechanism. The mechanism of alcohol-related psychosis is due to distortions to neuronal membranes, gene expression, as well as thiamin deficiency. It is possible in some cases that alcohol abuse via a kindling mechanism can cause the development of a chronic substance-induced psychotic disorder, i.e. schizophrenia. The effects of an alcohol-related psychosis include an increased risk of depression and suicide as well as psychosocial impairments.[114] However, moderate wine drinking has been shown to lower the risk for depression.[116]
While alcohol initially helps social phobia or panic symptoms, with longer term alcohol misuse can often worsen social phobia symptoms and can cause panic disorder to develop or worsen, during alcohol intoxication and especially during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. This effect is not unique to alcohol but can also occur with long term use of drugs which have a similar mechanism of action to alcohol such as the benzodiazepines which are sometimes prescribed as tranquillizers to people with alcohol problems.[117] Approximately half of patients attending mental health services for conditions including anxiety disorders such as panic disorder or social phobia suffer from alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence. It was noted that every individual has an individual sensitivity level to alcohol or sedative hypnotic drugs and what one person can tolerate without ill health another will suffer very ill health and that even moderate drinking can cause rebound anxiety syndromes and sleep disorders. A person who is suffering the toxic effects of alcohol will not benefit from other therapies or medications as they do not address the root cause of the symptoms.[118]
The impact of alcohol on weight-gain is contentious: some studies find no effect,[119] others find decreased[120] or increased effect on weight gain.
Alcohol use increases the risk of chronic gastritis (stomach inflammation);[4][121] it is one cause of cirrhosis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis in both its chronic and acute forms.
A study concluded, "Mild to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, with a favorable influence on lipids, waist circumference, and fasting insulin. This association was strongest among whites and among beer and wine drinkers."[122] This is also true for Asians. A J-curve association between alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome was found: "The results of the present study suggest that the metabolic syndrome is negatively associated with light alcohol consumption (1–15 g alcohol/d) in Korean adults". However, "odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome and its components tended to increase with increasing alcohol consumption."[123]
Research has found that drinking reduces the risk of developing gallstones. Compared with alcohol abstainers, the relative risk of gallstone disease, controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index, is 0.83 for occasional and regular moderate drinkers (< 25 ml of ethanol per day), 0.67 for intermediate drinkers (25-50 ml per day), and 0.58 for heavy drinkers. This inverse association was consistent across strata of age, sex, and body mass index."[124] Frequency of drinking also appears to be a factor. "An increase in frequency of alcohol consumption also was related to decreased risk. Combining the reports of quantity and frequency of alcohol intake, a consumption pattern that reflected frequent intake (5-7 days/week) of any given amount of alcohol was associated with a decreased risk, as compared with nondrinkers. In contrast, infrequent alcohol intake (1-2 days/week) showed no significant association with risk."[125]
A large self-reported study published in 1998 found no correlation between gallbladder disease and multiple factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and coffee consumption.[126] A retrospective study from 1997 found vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplement use in drinkers was associated with a lower prevalence of gallbladder disease, but this association was not seen in non-drinkers.[127]
Alcoholic liver disease is a major public health problem. For example in the United States up to two million people have alcohol-related liver disorders.[128] Chronic alcohol abuse can cause fatty liver, cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Treatment options are limited and consist of most importantly discontinuing alcohol consumption. In cases of severe liver disease, the only treatment option may be a liver transplant from alcohol abstinent donors. Research is being conducted into the effectiveness of anti-TNFs. Certain complementary medications, e.g., milk thistle and silymarin, appear to offer some benefit.[128][129] Alcohol is a leading cause of liver cancer in the Western world, accounting for 32-45% of hepatic cancers. Up to half a million people in the United States develop alcohol-related liver cancer.[130][131] Moderate alcohol consumption also increases the risk of liver disease.[12]
Alcohol abuse is a leading cause of both acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.[132][133] Alcoholic pancreatitis can result in severe abdominal pain and may progress to pancreatic cancer.[134] Chronic pancreatitis often results in intestinal malabsorption, and can result in diabetes.[135]
Chronic alcohol ingestion can impair multiple critical cellular functions in the lung.[citation needed] These cellular impairments can lead to increased susceptibility to serious complications from lung disease. Recent research cites alcoholic lung disease as comparable to liver disease in alcohol-related mortality.[citation needed] Alcoholics have a higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and experience higher rates of mortality from ARDS when compared to non-alcoholics.[citation needed] Despite these effects, a large prospective study has shown a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on respiratory mortality.[24]
Research indicates that drinking alcohol is associated with a lower risk of developing kidney stones. One study concludes, "Since beer seemed to be protective against kidney stones, the physiologic effects of other substances besides ethanol, especially those of hops, should also be examined."[136] "...consumption of coffee, alcohol, and vitamin C supplements were negatively associated with stones."[137] "After mutually adjusting for the intake of other beverages, the risk of stone formation decreased by the following amount for each 240-ml (8-oz) serving consumed daily: caffeinated coffee, 10%; decaffeinated coffee, 10%; tea, 14%; beer, 21%; and wine, 39%."[138] "...stone formation decreased by the following amount for each 240-mL (8-oz) serving consumed daily: 10% for caffeinated coffee, 9% for decaffeinated coffee, 8% for tea, and 59% for wine." (CI data excised from last two quotes.).[139]
Long term excessive intake of alcohol can lead to damage to the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system resulting in loss of sexual desire and impotence in men.[140] This is caused by reduction of testosterone from ethanol-induced testicular atrophy, resulting in increased feminisation of males and is a clinical feature of alcohol abusing males who have cirrhosis of the liver.[141]
Excessive alcohol intake can result in hyperoestrogenisation.[142] It has been speculated that alcohol beverages may contain estrogen like compounds. In men, high levels of estrogen can lead to testicular failure and the development of feminine traits including development of male breasts, called gynecomastia.[143][144] In women, increased levels of estrogen due to excessive alcohol intake have been related to an increased risk of breast cancer.[144][145]
A meta-analysis found with data from 477,200 individuals determined the dose-response relationships by sex and end point using lifetime abstainers as the reference group. The search revealed 20 cohort studies that met our inclusion criteria. A U-shaped relationship was found for both sexes. Compared with lifetime abstainers, the relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes among men was most protective when consuming 22 g/day alcohol (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.76–1.00]) and became deleterious at just over 60 g/day alcohol (1.01 [0.71–1.44]). Among women, consumption of 24 g/day alcohol was most protective (0.60 [0.52–0.69]) and became deleterious at about 50 g/day alcohol (1.02 [0.83–1.26]).
Because former drinkers may be inspired to abstain due to health concerns, they may actually be at increased risk of developing diabetes, known as the sick-quitter effect. Moreover, the balance of risk of alcohol consumption on other diseases and health outcomes, even at moderate levels of consumption, may outweigh the positive benefits with regard to diabetes.
Additionally, the way in which alcohol is consumed (i.e., with meals or bingeing on weekends) affects various health outcomes. Thus, it may be the case that the risk of diabetes associated with heavy alcohol consumption is due to consumption mainly on the weekend as opposed to the same amount spread over a week.[146] In the United Kingdom "advice on weekly consumption is avoided".
Also, a twenty year twin study from Finland has shown that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. However, binge drinking and high alcohol consumption was found to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. [147] A study in mice has suggested a beneficial effect of alcohol in promoting insulin sensitivity.[148]
Regular consumption of alcohol is associated with an increased risk of gouty arthritis[149][150] and a decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.[151][152][153][154][155] Two recent studies report that the more alcohol consumed, the lower the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Among those who drank regularly, the one-quarter who drank the most were up to 50% less likely to develop the disease compared to the half who drank the least.[156]
The researchers noted that moderate alcohol consumption also reduces the risk of other inflammatory processes such as cardiovascualar disease. Some of the biological mechanisms by which ethanol reduces the risk of destructive arthritis and prevents the loss of bone mineral density (BMD), which is part of the disease process.[157]
A study concluded, "Alcohol either protects from RA or, subjects with RA curtail their drinking after the manifestation of RA".[158] Another study found, "Postmenopausal women who averaged more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week had a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis..."[159]
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. "...Alcohol consumption significantly decreased the likelihood [of osteoporosis]."[160] "Moderate alcohol intake was associated with higher BMD in postmenopausal elderly women."[161] "Social drinking is associated with higher bone mineral density in men and women [over 45]."[162] However, alcohol abuse is associated with bone loss.[163][164]
Chronic excessive alcohol abuse is associated with a wide range of skin disorders including urticaria, porphyria cutanea tarda, flushing, cutaneous stigmata of cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis and rosacea.[165]
A 2010 study concluded, "Nonlight beer intake is associated with an increased risk of developing psoriasis among women. Other alcoholic beverages did not increase the risk of psoriasis in this study."[166]
There is a protective effect of alcohol consumption against active infection with H. pylori[167] In contrast, alcohol intake (comparing those who drink > 30g of alcohol per day to non-drinkers) is not associated with higher risk of duodenal ulcer.[168] Excessive alcohol consumption seen in alcoholics is a known risk factor for pneumonia.
A study on the common cold found that "Greater numbers of alcoholic drinks (up to three or four per day) were associated with decreased risk for developing colds because drinking was associated with decreased illness following infection. However, the benefits of drinking occurred only among nonsmokers. [...] Although alcohol consumption did not influence risk of clinical illness for smokers, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased risk for nonsmokers."[169]
Another study concluded, "Findings suggest that wine intake, especially red wine, may have a protective effect against common cold. Beer, spirits, and total alcohol intakes do not seem to affect the incidence of common cold."[170]
In 1988 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer) of the World Health Organization classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, stating "There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages in humans.... Alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)."[171] The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' National Toxicology Program in 2000 listed alcohol as a known carcinogen.[172]
It was estimated in 2006 that "3.6% of all cancer cases worldwide are related to alcohol drinking, resulting in 3.5% of all cancer deaths."[173] A European study from 2011 found that one in 10 of all cancers in men and one in 33 in women were caused by past or current alcohol intake.[174][175] The World Cancer Research Fund panel report Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective finds the evidence "convincing" that alcoholic drinks increase the risk of the following cancers: mouth, pharynx and larynx, oesophagus, colorectum (men), breast (pre- and postmenopause).[176]
Acetaldehyde, a metabolic product of alcohol, is suspected to promote cancer. Typically the liver eliminates 99% of acetaldehyde produced. However, liver disease and certain genetic enzyme deficiencies result in high acetaldehyde levels. Heavy drinkers who are exposed to high acetaldehyde levels due to a genetic defect in alcohol dehydrogenase have been found to be at greater risk of developing cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver.[177] A review in 2007 found "convincing evidence that acetaldehyde... is responsible for the carcinogenic effect of ethanol... owing to its multiple mutagenic effects on DNA."[178] Acetaldehyde can react with DNA to create DNA adducts including the Cr-Pdg adduct. This Cr-PdG adduct "is likely to play a central role in the mechanism of alcoholic beverage related carcinogenesis."[179] Some have pointed out that even moderate levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of certain forms of cancer.[12]
Fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS is a birth defect that occurs in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking heavily or during the early stages of prenatal development has been conclusively linked to FAS; moderate consumption is associated with fetal damage.[12] Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can stunt fetal growth or weight, create distinctive facial stigmata, damaged neurons and brain structures, and cause other physical, mental, or behavioural problems.[180] Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause of mental retardation in the Western world.[181] Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance.[163]


text:
How to have a Great Vacation in San Juan del Sur
and Give Back to the Local Community
Warning: A 'Vacation with a Purpose' can be a Life-altering Experience
An experience where you immerse yourself deeply into Nicaraguan culture, see things from a new angle not available to the average tourist and give something back to the local community.
We understand!
There's no secret that seeing the best of a place is to get off the tourist trail and burrow under its skin.
Fill out this form to learn more about a Vacation with a Purpose in San Juan del Sur.
Introducing Vacation with a Purpose
The idea was born from conversations we had with local grass-roots communities about how they could best work with volunteers.
We know that many people come to San Juan del Sur wanting to help out in some way. Some drop into voluntary organizations they find in town to see if they can lend a hand, while others bring donations such as school supplies and sports equipment.
These contributions are immensely valuable and greatly appreciated but with a little more preparation and planning, so much more could be done.
Local NGO's and charities can't always work effectively with drop-in volunteers because many of their projects require specific needs at specific times rather than ad-hoc support. And volunteers get more out of their volunteering time when their skills and energies are matched with local needs in a more focused and structured way.
With the growing global trend of voluntourism and service travel, there are lessons to be learned internationally. And when we combined this best practice with what was working locally we ended up with a list of projects that:
- are focused first and foremost on addressing needs identified by the local community,
- have been designed to be self-sustaining into the future, and
- build local capacity, employ local labor and ultimately create the opportunities for lasting impact.
So after over a decade in Nicaragua working with voluntary organizations (including setting up the Casa Llanta Fund, throwing an annual fundraising music festival, and developing a series of educational programs) we decided to create a focused tour called 'Vacation with a Purpose' to introduce people to these great local projects and the wonders of volunteering.
Vacation with a Purpose is not a Commonplace Tour
- You won't be surveying the country from a distance; you'll be immersed in Nicaraguan culture, sharing in its stories and future.
- You won't be staying on the well-trodden trails; you'll be forging new paths that normal tourists don't come across.
- You won't just be passing through a place feeling like a walking dollar sign to the locals; you'll be contributing to the long term development of the San Juan del Sur area.
Vacation with a Purpose offers a combination of daily outreach and vacation activities. Our local guide and translator will accompany you each day as we plug you into local schools and service projects. By volunteering on your vacation, you can enjoy all that Nicaragua has to offer while making a positive impact on local lives. You'll be directly connecting your vacation with the sustainable development of San Juan del Sur and its people. A percentage of all Vacation with a Purpose package proceeds pass directly to a local non-profit called the Casa Llanta Fund.
Frequently Asked Questions
Contact us about a Vacation with a Purpose in San Juan del Sur
PS: Still unconvinced this is the right vacation for you or your family? Here are 8 great reasons to volunteer on your Nicaraguan vacation.


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Today at the shop, we received a few FN SLP Tactical shotguns. One is for rent. Our gunsmith cleaned it, and handed it to me for testing. I am not a shotgun guy, mostly rifles and pistols. The shotgun guy was home sick today. I have wanted to get into shooting shotguns more. I have two Remington 870's and one is for home defense. The other has been my project shotgun, but alas, I dont know what I am really doing. Well, since I dont know exactly what I am doing, I have decided that I am going to bench that project and go buy one of the SLP Tacticals we have. My price is only $855.
If any of you get the opportunity to shoot one of these shotguns, do it. They are a dream! Highly accurate, points very well, low recoil, GAS OPERATED!!, and just feels and looks awesome. Highly recommended. That was fun. I cant wait to get one myself.


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Wadena man charged with violating order
A Wadena man was released on $300 bail after being charged with violating an order for protection.
According to court documents, Timothy Lee Goff, 28, had contact with a woman who had an OFP against him. Goff allegedly admitted having conversations with the woman, who obtained the order after Goff assaulted her in October 2010.
Goff was charged with gross misdemeanor domestic abuse -- violation of an order for protection.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at email@example.com and we can help you.


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This outdoor post light features a handsome look with a metal cage adorned with a galvanized finish.
Use this outdoor post light anywhere for a vintage inspired look that matches any style of decor. A galvanized steel finish complements the industrial metal cage, creating a sense of distinct elegance for your home. From Franklin Iron Works™.
Our associates are standing by to assist you.


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Headlines...YOU ARE INVITED: Sociology Meet and Greet
(Headline - Feb 10) Selfie-drected learning a snap
(Headline - Jul 09) Career Development Centre - Workshops & Events
(Headline - Apr 30) People at LaurierLinda Quirke is interested in how parents make decisions about their children's leisure activities, physical fitness, and diet. One part of her research agenda documents "expert" advice to parents, by analyzing the content of Canadian parenting advice articles from the mid-1980s to 2011. Dr. Quirke explores parenting magazine advice with respect to children's body weight, physical activity/fitness, and nutrition. She analyzes how advice literature socially constructs parents' "proper" role, and how this advice has changed since the 1980s.
Linda Quirke |


text: Federal appeals court rules against Guantanamo detaineeBy Bill Mears, CNNUpdated 1617 GMT (0017 HKT) January 11, 2012Adnan Farhan Abdul Latif has been held at the Guantanamo Bay U.S. military prison since 2001, according to court records.Story highlightsAdnan Farhan Abdul Latif had filed a false imprisonment claimA district court had supported himThe appeals court tells the lower court to look at "the totality of the evidence"A divided federal appeals panel has ruled against a suspected terrorist held at the Guantanamo Bay U.S. military prison, saying the strength of his claim of false imprisonment has not yet been fully established.The 2-1 panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia on Thursday ordered a lower court to re-evaluate the allegations of false imprisonment made by Adnan Farhan Abdul Latif."We remand so the district court can evaluate Latif's credibility as needed in light of the totality of the evidence, including newly available evidence as appropriate," the ruling said.The case had been argued in secret because of national security concerns raised by the Obama administration, and large sections of the 53-page main ruling were blacked out.Court records show Latif, 35, was first detained in 2001, shortly after the September 11 attacks. Pakistan security forces turned him over to the U.S. military. He eventually was transferred to Camp Delta, the high-security facility at the Guantanamo naval base for enemy combatants in the war on terror. He was questioned hundreds of times, enduring what his lawyers claim was "physical and mental torture."Latif did not receive his initial status hearing -- a legal requirement where the government had to present evidence that might lead to an eventual military prosecution -- until 2004. The Defense Department later that year determined the Yemeni native had not participated in terrorist training overseas. Three years later, U.S. officials concluded he could be transferred from the military facility in Cuba, to another country. But he remains in U.S. custody while his legal appeals continue.Just WatchedA look at the Guantanamo Bay prisonreplayMore Videos ...A look at the Guantanamo Bay prison 01:26PLAY VIDEOJust WatchedBen Wedeman's 2005 visit to GitmoreplayMore Videos ...Ben Wedeman's 2005 visit to Gitmo 05:26PLAY VIDEOJust WatchedFormer detainee recalls time at GitmoreplayMore Videos ...Former detainee recalls time at Gitmo 04:36PLAY VIDEOIn those appeals, Latif contests the living conditions at Guantanamo and his continued confinement without any charges being brought. A federal judge last year granted the prisoner's writ for habeas corpus, forcing the government to justify his ongoing imprisonment. The Center for Constitutional Rights, which has taken on Latif's appeal, says he is being held in a psychological ward and is in "suicidal despair" over his nearly decade-long confinement. The administration said it was working to resolve the situation."The government respectfully requests the court's patience as (officials) work toward compliance with the court's order without compromising the governments sensitive national security and foreign policy concerns or the governments ability to seek further review of the court's decision," the Justice Department said in a recent filing."Why they continue to defend holding him is unfathomable," said David Remes, one of Latif's attorneys. "Adnan's case reflects the Obama administration's complete failure to bring the Guantanamo litigation under control."Federal courts have been at odds over the years regarding their ability to force the administration to legally justify the continued detention of Guantanamo prisoners. The Supreme Court has said those inmates deserve access to the federal courts to press their claims.The first military prosecution of a Guantanamo prisoner moved ahead this week. Abd al-Rahim Hussayn Muhammad al-Nashiri was arraigned Wednesday at the military facility for his alleged role in the bombing of the USS Cole, the 2000 attack that took the lives of 17 American sailors.The issue in the separate Latif case is the reliability of the intelligence gathered by the United States that is used to justify his imprisonment. The appeals court concluded a federal judge had not made a formal finding Latif was a credible witness.The case is Latif v. Obama (10-5319).More from justiceShots fired at party featuring TI, Jeezy, Yo GottiShocking video shows LAPD fatal shootingCleveland: 12-year-old's death his own faultPowered by Livefyre


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Northwestern Wildcats (10-6)
@13 Michigan St. Spartans (15-3)
Wednesday, January 21
Breslin Center
Attendance: None
13 Michigan St.
East Lansing, MI (Sports Network) - Kevin Coble scored 31 points, as the Northwestern Wildcats upset the seventh-ranked Michigan State Spartans, 70-63, at the Breslin Center.
With the victory, the Wildcats won their first game in East Lansing since 1984. Northwestern also snapped Michigan State's 28-game home winning streak, which was tied for third-longest in the nation.
"I have never felt good leaving this town, so today is a really good win for our program and for our guys. You have to be a little fortunate to win here, and I thought all of our guys came through when they had to and especially near the end of the game. Kevin [Coble] was offensively sensational, and even though Craig [Moore] was struggling a little bit in the beginning, he came through in the second half as well as Mike Thompson," said Wildcats head coach Bill Carmody.
The Wildcats (10-6, 2-4 Big Ten) led 64-59 with just over a minute left in the game. Northwestern's ability to hit foul shots sealed the shocking win, as the Wildcats made 6-of-8 from the line in the last minute.
Coble added four steals and four rebounds for the Wildcats, who were fresh off their upset over then-18th-ranked Minnesota on Sunday. Michael Thompson finished with 20 points, while Craig Moore ended with 11 points.
The Spartans (15-3, 5-1) were paced by Kalin Lucas, who had 20 points and six rebounds. Goran Suton added 15 points and 14 boards for the Spartans, who had won the previous 12 encounters between the two teams. Durrell Summers had 11 points.
"It was a shame. We couldn't do the job against a team that played very well. I thought we did a very good job on (Craig) Moore, but he hit two very big 3's late and we didn't do a very good job on (Kevin) Coble. Combine that with the fact that we just couldn't make any shots and we did a poor job of attacking that zone, we struggled right off the bat," said Michigan State head coach Tom Izzo. "Our young guys couldn't guard those back cuts, we turned the ball over and threw it around and looked like a dysfunctional team; that's what happens when you don't make shots."
After going on a 9-2 run, Michigan State jumped out to an early 13-6 lead. A Summers shot from beyond the arc capped the run. But the Wildcats fought back and took a 19-17 lead with 9:14 left in the half. Coble, who led all scorers at the break with 19 points, made three foul shots to top off Northwestern's flurry.
The Spartans used a Summers layup, which ended an 8-2 run, to jump out to a 27-21 advantage with 5:08 to go in the frame. The Wildcats went on a 7-2 run at the end of the half to cut the Michigan State lead to 34-33. Ivan Peljusic hit a jumper as time expired to finish the spurt..
With the Spartans ahead 49-48 with 7:24 to go, the Wildcats showed they were poised for an upset by going on a 6-0 run, which was capped off by a Thompson shot from well beyond the arc. Michigan fought back and cut the Northwestern lead to two, after Lucas made a three with 4:32 left.
Coble made the improbable win seem very possible after hitting a fade-away shot to put his team ahead 62-55 with 2:14 remaining.


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Pronunciation: /ˈdäkt(ə)rət/
Definition of doctorate in English:
The highest degree awarded by a graduate school or other approved educational organization: a doctorate in Classics
More example sentences
- He was awarded five honorary doctorates by universities, two in the US and three in Britain.
- His most recent visit was last year, when he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of York.
- In the following year he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Pisa.
Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin doctoratus 'made a doctor'.
Words that rhyme with doctorate
Don Quixote • marquisateDefinition of doctorate in:
- British & World English dictionary
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Daily news and top headlines for broadband communications engineering and design professionals
ADB adds healthcare to CVS
April 24, 2014 12:31 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsADB continues to evolve its Commercial Video Solution (CVS) with the latest edition targeting the healthcare industry. Using its set back boxes, cable operators can now offer a cloud-based HD/VOD service to hospitals and doctors that includes monitoring and reporting.
Verizon Wireless churn ticks up in competitive 1Q
April 24, 2014 12:25 pm | by Andrew Berg, Wireless Week | News | CommentsWhile Verizon's first-quarter earnings remained steady, Big Red's wireless division may finally be feeling the effects of an increasingly competitive market. Verizon Wireless added a lackluster 539,000 postpaid connections, a 20 percent drop when compared to the same quarter last year.
TWC reports operations improvements in Q1
April 24, 2014 12:23 pm | by The Associated Press | News | CommentsSubscribers for high-speed Internet connections rose 269,000 during the quarter, the biggest increase in six years, since the first quarter of 2008. The company lost 34,000 cable TV subscribers during the quarter, which it said was its smallest loss in at least five years.
FCC to propose pay-for-priority Internet standards
April 24, 2014 12:20 pm | by Associated Press | News | CommentsThe Federal Communications Commission is set to propose new open Internet rules that would allow content companies to pay for faster delivery over the so-called "last mile" connection to people's homes, but enhance scrutiny of such deals so they don't harm competition or limit free speech. FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler is to present the proposed rules to the other commissioners on Thursday.
Russia's Putin calls the Internet a 'CIA project'
April 24, 2014 12:17 pm | by Associated Press | News | CommentsPresident Vladimir Putin has mocked the Internet as a CIA project and pledged to protect Russia's interests online. The Kremlin has been anxious to exert greater control over the Internet, which opposition activists — barred from national television — have used to promote their ideas and organize protests.
Liberty Puerto Rico rolling out unusual social-based guide
April 23, 2014 3:39 pm | by Brian Santo | News | CommentsUsing the cloud-based platform from ActiveVideo, Liberty Global's subsidiary in Puerto Rico is in the process of rolling out a cloud-based service that features a discovery and navigation capability that is uncommon if not unique, inasmuch as recommendations are based on what other viewers are watching at that moment.
U-verse expands in AT&T's Q1
April 23, 2014 1:08 pm | by The Associated Press | News | CommentsIn AT&T's first quarter, its landline business revenue fell 0.4 percent to $14.6 billion. But its newer U-verse phone, TV and Internet service saw growth. AT&T had 634,000 additional high-speed Internet subscribers and 201,000 new TV subscribers.
Suddenlink launches mobile app for iOS devices
April 23, 2014 12:57 pm | by Brian Santo | News | CommentsSuddenlink has launched its Suddenlink2GO mobile app. Using technology from Synacor, a long-time vendor for the MSO, the app allows customers to watch live TV networks and on-demand TV shows on an iOS tablet anywhere at home or on the go.
Charter opens new customer care center in St. Louis area
April 23, 2014 12:50 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsCharter Communications recently cut the ribbon on its new state-of-the-art customer care center in the St. Louis area. The new facility, which is located in Bridgeton, Mo., is the home base for more than 800 Internet and phone service repair specialists.
TWC hits 300 Mbps in some areas of footprint
April 23, 2014 12:42 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsFollowing through on its vow to increase data speeds via network upgrades and conversions to all-digital, Time Warner Cable is now offering a downstream of 300 Mbps in some areas of New York City and Los Angeles. Time Warner Cable also increased the data speeds for all its residential Internet plans in Costa Mesa and West Hollywood in California and in areas of Woodside (in Queens) and Staten Island in New York City.
Time Warner Cable connects with Fan TV streaming service
April 23, 2014 12:37 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsStarting in the second quarter of this year, Time Warner Cable authenticated subscribers will be able to tap into a new IP streaming service from Fan TV on the TWC TV app. Fanhatten's Fan TV provisions live and on demand content across its device and features a remote without buttons to push. Similar to a touch screen tablet, users of the remote swipe across the device.
S3 Group sets up shop in Philly
April 23, 2014 12:30 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsVideo test and validation platform vendor S3 Group will open the doors on a new office in Philadelphia to better serve its East Coast customers. Dublin-based S3 Group also has an office in San Jose, but the Philly office puts it closer to Comcast, which is headquartered in Philadelphia, Videotron and Time Warner Cable.
The Aereo arguments, from inside the Supreme Court chambers
April 22, 2014 1:46 pm | by The Associated Press | News | CommentsSupreme Court justices debated Tuesday whether they can side with broadcasters in a copyright challenge to an Internet startup company without threatening the burgeoning world of cloud computing. Several justices expressed concern that a ruling for the broadcasters could hamper the continuing development of cloud computing, which gives users access to a vast online computer network that stores and processes information.
AT&T signals intent to become OTT power
April 22, 2014 1:36 pm | by Ben Munson, Wireless Week | News | CommentsAT&T and the Chernin Group (which owns Crunchyroll) have formed a joint venture to "acquire, invest in and launch over-the-top (OTT) video services." The companies are committing $500 million toward the effort. To that end the companies plan to invest in advertising and subscription-based VOD as well as streaming.
Sochi golden for Comcast's 1Q; X1 reducing churn
April 22, 2014 1:19 pm | by Mike Robuck | News | CommentsThe numbers are in: Comcast CEO and chairman Brian Roberts said the company's X1 platform reduced "voluntary" churn by 20 percent to 30 percent relative to its broader base in the first quarter. Overall, Comcast is dropping 15,000 to 20,000 X1 boxes, which are being provided by Pace and Humax, a day into customers' homes, which doubled its deployment rate from six months ago.


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For the past three years, I've been using methods to identify gender in large datasets to support research, design, and data journalism, supported by the Knight Foundation, with an amazing group of collaborators. In my Master's thesis, used these techniques to support inclusion of women in citizen journalism, the news, and collective aciton online. Last […] more »
Disclaimer: I've been a contractor with Google's civic research team this year. I also bought two shares of Google stock a few years ago. This post has nothing to do with either of those two things. In a surprising gesture of transparency, Google has released their internal figures on employee diversity. The very first sentence […] more »
A few years ago, a close friend (not at MIT) asked for my advice. Work colleagues had been sexually harassed, and this friend didn't know what to do: The offender was prominent, respected, and considered indispensable by his organization. This friend took the courageous move of reporting the issue, starting a process that was emotionally […] more »
As if iron-clad doors and barred windows aren't barrier enough, prison facilities are also wrapped in a thick layer of red tape. I realized this fact as I began the process to gain research access to one of our state's most vulnerable populations: inmates. I was ecstatic to be assigned to work this semester in […] more »
Unless you're a gay man with a smartphone, I'll forgive you for not having heard of Grindr, a social-networking application for gay men which has seen an epic rise, becoming one of the most visible and popular apps of its kind in the gay community since its launch a year and a half ago. Recently, […] more »
The Knight Commission on the Information Needs of Communities in a Democracy made 15 recommendations on how America can have a bright info-future. One of those recommendations was for increased support for public media predicated on public media efforts to "step up," for lack of a better term. Public media has been on the minds […] more »
The TED talk of Ethan Zuckerman, the founder of the international blogging site Global Voices, provides amazing insight into the challenges of telling international stories online. It's told in the great TED way of painting lots of pictures and using a ton of anecdotes. Zuckerman said it's a big myth that the web is bringing […] more »
Almost undoubtedly, Brazil is the country with the largest public investment in community arts and culture. There are dozens of groups teaching video, hip-hop, graffiti, circus arts, carnival-related arts and digital media to youth from the favelas. In Rio alone, we visited five groups doing community arts, and between them we calculated there were roughly […] more »
Seeking greater social inclusion through new communication technologies is a strategy with a long and accomplished history that has persisted through waves of new inventions including the telegraph, radio, television, satellite, and of course, the Internet. Many such projects are highlighted in Alfonso Gumucio's Making Waves: Stories of Participatory Communication for Social Change, which was […] more »
From pop culture and politics to the personal, Danielle Belton's The Black Snob covers a lot of ground. During a recent week, Belton weighed in on everything from Mormons comparing themselves to Southern blacks during the civil rights movement, to the Michelle Obama Action figures. She didn't think much of either. Writing with a distinct […] more »