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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Progress in parabolic dish technology
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This report describes the current status of parabolic dish technology. Its purpose is to communicate the principal outcomes of DOE's parabolic dish technology RandD efforts carried out at the Solar Energy Research Institute; Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; and other DOE national laboratories. It is written for those in industry, academia, and government who have a special interest in solar thermal systems that use parabolic dishes as collectors. The evolution of parabolic technology is described, and examples of projects in operation and under construction are included. Solar thermal dish technology can supply either electric or thermal energy to various applications over a broad range of system sizes and temperatures. These solar energy systems will be available by the time this country needs additional electric generation capacity -- in the mid to late 1990s -- at costs competitive with other energy sources. 9 refs., 54 figs., 6 tabs.
Stine, W.B.
Shenandoah parabolic dish solar collector
The objectives of the Shenandoah, Georgia, Solar Total Energy System are to design, construct, test, and operate a solar energy system to obtain experience with large-scale hardware systems for future applications. This report describes the initial design and testing activities conducted to select and develop a collector that would serve the need of such a solar total energy system. The parabolic dish was selected as the collector most likely to maximize energy collection as required by this specific site. The fabrication, testing, and installation of the parabolic dish collector incorporating improvements identified during the development testing phase are described.
Kinoshita, G.S.
Release Version Parabolic Dish Microphone System
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Release Version Parabolic Dish Microphone System Prepared by: Zhixin Chen (Ph.D. Student), with the assistance of Robert C. Maher (Associate Professor) Montana State University A parabolic dish microphone is like a mirror telescope for sound. A parabolic reflector is used to collect and focus sound waves
Maher, Robert C.
Secondary concentrators for parabolic dish solar thermal power systems
SciTech Connect
One approach to production of electricity or high-temperature process heat from solar energy is to use point-focusing, two-axis pointing concentrators in a distributed-receiver solar thermal system. This paper discusses some of the possibilities and problems in using compound concentrators in parabolic dish systems. 18 refs.
Jaffe, L.D.; Poon, P.T.
Solar parabolic dish annual technology evaluation report. Fiscal year 1982
This report summarizes the activities of the JPL Solar Thermal Power Systems Parabolic Dish Project for FY 1982. Included are discussions on designs of module development including their concentrator, receiver, and power conversion subsystems. Analyses and test results, along with progress on field tests, Small Community Experiment System development, and tests at the Parabolic Dish Test Site are also included.
Not Available
Solar thermal parabolic dish systems: technology and applications
This presentation surveys the status and some probable future courses of development of parabolic dish solar collector technology and some of the near-term and long-range applications of the technology. Included are fundamentals of the technology, descriptions of current collectors with particular emphasis on the types developed within the Department of Energy's Solar Thermal Program, descriptions of current systems and applications, key technical issues and tradeoff considerations which will affect the competition between parabolic dish systems and other solar thermal technologies, and, finally, a discussion of future possibilities for the development of parabolic dish technology.
Leonard, J.A.
Solar parabolic dish technology annual evaluation report. Fiscal year 1983
This report summarizes the activities of the JPL Solar Thermal Power Systems Parabolic Dish Project for FY 1983. Included are discussions on designs of module development including their concentrator, receiver, and power conversion subsystem together with a separate discussion of concentrator development. Analyses and test results, along with progress on field tests, Small Community Experiment system development, and tests at the Parabolic Dish Test Site are also included.
Development and testing of Parabolic Dish Concentrator No. 1
Parabolic Dish Concentrator No. 1 (PDC-1) is a 12-m-diameter prototype concentrator that evolved from a six-year effort to produce a unit with low life-cycle costs for use with thermal-to-electric energy conversion devices. The concentrator assembly features panels made of a resin transfer molded balsa core/fiberglass sandwich with plastic reflective film as the reflective surface and a ribbed framework to hold the panels in place. The concentrator assembly tracks in azimuth and elevation on a base frame riding on a circular track. In 1982, PDC-1 was installed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Parabolic Dish Test Site at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Initial optical testing showed that the panels did not exhibit the proper parabolic contour. After reassembly to correct this problem, further optical testing discovered thermal gradients in the panels with daily temperature changes. In spite of this, PDC-1 has sufficient optical quality to operate satisfactorily in a dish-electric system. With suggested improvements, its performance could be increased. The PDC-1 development effort provided the impetus for creating innovative optical testing methods and also provided valuable information for use in designing and fabricating concentrators of future dish-electric systems.
Dennison, E.W.; Thostesen, T.O.
Fifth parabolic dish solar thermal power program annual review: proceedings
The primary objective of the Review was to present the results of activities within the Parabolic Dish Technology and Module/Systems Development element of the Department of Energy's Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program. The Review consisted of nine technical sessions covering overall Project and Program aspects, Stirling and Brayton module development, concentrator and engine/receiver development, and associated hardware and test results to date; distributed systems operating experience; international dish development activities; and non-DOE-sponsored domestic dish activities. A panel discussion concerning business views of solar electric generation was held. These Proceedings contain the texts of presentations made at the Review, as submitted by their authors at the beginning of the Review; therefore, they may vary slightly from the actual presentations in the technical sessions.
Irrigation market for solar-thermal parabolic-dish systems
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The potential size of the onfarm-pumped irrigation market for solar thermal parabolic dish systems in seven high-insolation states is estimated. The study is restricted to the displacement of three specific fuels: gasoline, diesel and natural gas. A model was developed to estimate the optimal number of parabolic dish modules per farm based on the minimum cost mix of conventional and solar thermal energy required to meet irrigation needs. Results indicate that the near-term market for such systems depends not only on the type of crop and method of irrigation, but also on the optimal utilization of each added module, which in turn depends on the price of conventional fuel, real discount rate, marginal cost of the solar thermal power system, local insolation level and parabolic dish system efficiency. The study concludes that the potential market size for onfarm-pumped irrigation applications ranges from 101,000 modules when a 14% real discount rate is assumed to 220,000 modules when the real discount rate drops to 8%. Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico and Texas account for 98% of the total demand for this application, with the natural gas replacement market accounting for the largest segment (71%) of the total market.
Habib-agahi, H.; Jones, S.C.
Overview of software development at the Parabolic Dish Test Site
The development history of the data acquisition and data analysis software is discussed in this report. The software development occurred between 1978 and 1984 in support of solar energy module testing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Parabolic Dish Test Site, located within Edwards Test Station. The development went through incremental stages, starting with a simple single-user BASIC set of programs, and progressing to the relative complex multi-user FORTRAN system that was used until the termination of the project. Additional software in support of testing is discussed including software in support of the meteorological subsystem and the Test Bed Concentrator Control Console interface. Conclusions and recommendations for further development are discussed.
Miyazono, C.K.
Proceedings: fourth parabolic-dish solar-thermal power program review
The primary objective of the review was to present the results of activities within the Parabolic Dish Technology and Applications Development element of the Department of Energy's Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program. The Review consisted of 6 technical sessions, covering Stirling, Organic Rankine and Brayton module technologies, associated hardware and test results to date; concentrator development and progress; economic analyses; and current international dish development activities. Two panel discussions, concerning industry issues affecting solar thermal dish development and dish technology from a utility/user perspective, were also held. These Proceedings contain the texts of presentations made at the review, which are abstracted separately for EDB.
Wind load design methods for ground-based heliostats and parabolic dish collectors
The purpose of this design method is to define wind loads on flat heliostat and parabolic dish collectors in a simplified form. Wind loads are defined for both mean and peak loads accounting for the protective influence of upwind collectors, wind protective fences, or other wind-blockage elements. The method used to define wind loads was to generalize wind load data obtained during tests on model collectors, heliostats or parabolic dishes, placed in a modeled atmospheric wind in a boundary-layer wind-tunnel at Colorado State University. For both heliostats and parabolic dishes, loads are reported for solitary collectors and for collectors as elements of a field. All collectors were solid with negligible porosity; thus the effects of porosity in the collectors is not addressed.
Peterka, J.A.; Derickson, R.G. (Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Lab.)
Parabolic-Dish Solar Concentrators of Film on Foam
Parabolic and spherical mirrors are constructed of aluminized PET polyester film on urethane foam. During construction, the chosen shape of the mirror is created by manipulating the elastic/plastic behavior of the film with air pressure. Foam is then applied to the film and, once hardened, air pressure is removed. At an f-number of 0.68, preliminary models have an optical angular spread of less than 0.25 degrees, a factor of 3.3 smaller than that for a perfectly spherical mirror. The possibility exists for creating large-lightweight mirrors with excellent shape and stiffness. These "film-on-foam" construction techniques may also be applicable to parabolic-trough solar concentrators but do not appear to be suitable for optical imaging applications because of irregularities in the film.
Barton, Sean A
Omnium-G parabolic dish optical efficiency: a comparison of two independent measurement techniques
Measurements made at SERI of the optical efficiency of the Omnium-G parabolic dish concentrator are described. Two independent techniques were used: the cold-water calorimeter method and the heat of fusion method. Results from both techniques agree quite well and indicate that the optical efficiency for a 10-cm receiver aperture is 25%. Optical efficiency measured in early 1979 was 37%, and in mid 1979 it had degraded to 21%. An optical alignment procedure is described that resulted in the increase in optical efficiency from 21% to the current value of 25%.
Bohn, M.; Gaul, H.
Solar dish/engine systems
Solar dish/engine systems convert the energy from the sun into electricity at a very high efficiency. Using a mirror array formed into the shape of a dish, the solar dish focuses the sun's rays onto a receiver. The receiver transmits the energy to an engine that generates electric power. Because of the high concentration ratios achievable with parabolic dishes and the small size of the receiver, solar dishes are efficient at collecting solar energy at very high temperatures. Tests of prototype systems and components at locations throughout the US have demonstrated net solar to electric conversion efficiencies as high as 30%. This is significantly higher than any other solar technology.
Convection heat loss from cavity receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power system: A review
The convection heat loss from cavity receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power system can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review and systematic summarization of the state of the art in the research and progress in this area. The efforts include the convection heat loss mechanism, experimental and numerical investigations on the cavity receivers with varied shapes that have been considered up to date, and the Nusselt number correlations developed for convection heat loss prediction as well as the wind effect. One of the most important features of this paper is that it has covered numerous cavity literatures encountered in various other engineering systems, such as those in electronic cooling devices and buildings. The studies related to those applications may provide valuable information for the solar receiver design, which may otherwise be ignored by a solar system designer. Finally, future development directions and the issues that need to be further investigated are also suggested. It is believed that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to the design, simulation, performance assessment and applications of the solar parabolic dish cavity receivers. (author)
Wu, Shuang-Ying; Xiao, Lan; Li, You-Rong [College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); Cao, Yiding [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174 (United States)
Nomographic methodology for use in performance trade-off studies of parabolic dish solar power modules
A simple graphical method has been developed to undertake technical design trade-off studies for individual parabolic dish modules comprising a two-axis tracking parabolic dish with a cavity receiver and power conversion assembly at the focal point. The results of these technical studies can then be used in performing the techno-economic analyses required for determining appropriate subsystem sizing. Selected graphs that characterize the performance of subsystems within the module have been arranged in the form of a nomogram that would enable an investigator to carry out several design trade-off studies. Key performance parameters encompassed in the nomogram include receiver losses, intercept factor, engine rating, and engine efficiency. Design and operation parameters such as concentrator size, receiver type (open or windowed aperture), receiver aperture size, operating temperature of the receiver and engine, engine partial load characteristics, concentrator slope error, and the type of reflector surface, are also included in the graphical solution. Cost considerations are not included. The nomogram has been used to perform trade-off studies that have provided a basis for determining requirements for a single concentrator that could perform satisfactorily with either the selected Stirling or Brayton engine. This activity is summarized to illustrate the usage of the nomogram. Additionally, modeling relations used in developing the nomogram are presented so that the nomogram can be updated to reflect any changes in the performance characteristics of projected components.
Selcuk, M. K.; Fujita, T.
A review of test results on parabolic dish solar thermal power modules with dish-mounted rankine engines and for production of process steam
This paper presents results of development testing of various solar thermal parabolic dish modules and assemblies. Most of the tests were at modules and assemblies that used a dish-mounted, organic Rankine cycle turbine for production of electric power. Some tests were also run on equipment for production of process steam or for production of electricity using dish-mounted reciprocating steam engines. These tests indicate that early modules achieve efficiencies of about 18 percent in converting sunlight to electricity (excluding the inverter but including parasitics). A number of malfunctions occurred. The performance measurements, as well as the malfunctions and other operating experience, provided information that should be of value in developing systems with improved performance and reduced maintenance.
Jaffe, L.D.
Wind loads on heliostats and parabolic dish collectors: Final subcontractor report
A major intent of this study was to define wind load reduction factors for parabolic dish solar collectors within a field protected by upwind collectors, wind protective fences, or other blockages. This information will help researchers improve the economy of parabolic collector support structures and drive mechanisms. The method used in the study was to generalize wind load data obtained during tests on model collectors placed in a modeled atmospheric wind in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. A second objective of the study was to confirm and document a sensitivity in load to level of turbulence, or gustiness, in the approaching wind. A key finding was that wind-load reduction factors for forces (horizontal and vertical) were roughly similar to those for flat heliostats, with some forces significantly less than those for flat shapes. However, load reductions for moments showed a smaller load reduction, particularly for the azimuth moment. The lack of load reduction could be attributed to collector shape, but specific flow features responsible for and methods to induce a load reduction were not explored. 62 figs., 13 tabs.
Peterka, J.A.; Tan, Z.; Bienkiewicz, B.; Cermak, J.E.
Solar reforming of methane in a direct absorption catalytic reactor on a parabolic dish
The concept of solar driven chemical reactions in a commercial-scale volumetric receiver/reactor on a parabolic concentrator was successfully demonstrated in the CAtalytically Enhanced Solar Absorption Receiver (CAESAR) test. Solar reforming of methane (CH{sub 4}) with carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) was achieved in a 64-cm diameter direct absorption reactor on a parabolic dish capable of 150 kW solar power. The reactor was a catalytic volumetric absorber consisting of a multi-layered, porous alumina foam disk coated with rhodium (Rh) catalyst. The system was operated during both steady-state and solar transient (cloud passage) conditions. The total solar power absorbed reached values up to 97 kW and the maximum methane conversion was 70%. Receiver thermal efficiencies ranged up to 85% and chemical efficiencies peaked at 54%. The absorber performed satisfactorily in promoting the reforming reaction during the tests without carbon formation. However, problems of cracking and degradation of the porous matrix, nonuniform dispersion of the Rh through the absorber, and catalyst deactivation due to sintering and possible encapsulation, must be resolved to achieve long-term operation and eventual commercialization. 17 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
Muir, J.F.; Hogan, R.E. Jr.; Skocypec, R.D. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)); Buck, R. (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Technische Thermodynamik)
Prediction and optimization of the performance of parabolic solar dish concentrator with sphere receiver using analytical function
Parabolic solar dish concentrator with sphere receiver is less studied. We present an analytic function to calculate the intercept factor of the system with real sun bright distribution and Gaussian distribution, the results indicate that the intercept factor is related to the rim angle of reflector and the ratio of open angle of receiver at the top of reflector to optical error when the optical error is larger than or equal to 5 mrad, but is related to the rim angle, open angle and optical error in less than 5 mrad optical error. Furthermore we propose a quick process to optimize the system to provide the maximum solar energy to net heat efficiency for different optical error under typical condition. The results indicate that the parabolic solar dish concentrator with sphere receiver has rather high solar energy to net heat efficiency which is 20% more than solar trough and tower system including higher cosine factor and lower heat loss of the receiver.
Huang, Weidong; Hu, Peng; Chen, Zeshao
Secondary and compound concentrators for parabolic-dish solar-thermal power systems
A secondary optical element may be added to a parabolic dish solar concentrator to increase the geometric concentration ratio attainable at a given intercept factor. This secondary may be a Fresnel lens or a mirror, such as a compound elliptic concentrator or a hyperbolic trumpet. At a fixed intercept factor, higher overall geometric concentration may be obtainable with a long focal length primary and a suitable secondary matched to it. Use of a secondary to increase the geometric concentration ratio is more likely to be worthwhile if the receiver temperature is high and if errors in the primary are large. Folding the optical path with a secondary may reduce cost by locating the receiver and power conversion equipment closer to the ground and by eliminating the heavy structure needed to support this equipment at the primary focus. Promising folded-path configurations include the Ritchey-Chretien and perhaps some three-element geometries. Folding the optical path may be most useful in systems that provide process heat.
An optimized model and test of the China's first high temperature parabolic trough solar receiver
The vacuum solar receiver is the key component of a parabolic trough solar plant, which plays a prominent role in the gross system efficiency. Recently, China's first high temperature vacuum receiver, Sanle-3 HCE, has been developed and produced by Southeast University and Sanle Electronic Group. Before being utilized in China's first parabolic trough solar plant, accurately estimating the thermal properties of this new receiver is important. This paper first establishes and optimizes a 1-D theoretical model at Matlab program to compute the receiver's major heat loss through glass envelope, and then systematically analyzes the major influence factors of heat loss. With the laboratorial steady state test stand, the heat losses of both good vacuum and non-vacuum Sanle-3 receivers were surveyed. Comparison shows the original 1-D model agrees with the ends covered test while remarkably deviating from end exposed test. For the purpose of identifying the influence of receiver's end to total heat loss, an additional 3-D model is built by CFD software to further investigate the different heat transfer processes of receiver's end components. The 3-D end model is verified by heating power and IR temperature distribution images in the test. Combining the optimized 1-D model with the new 3-D end model, the comparison with test data shows a good accordance. At the same time the heat loss curve and emittance curve of this new receiver are given and compared with those of several other existing receivers as references. (author)
Gong, Guangjie; Huang, Xinyan; Wang, Jun; Hao, Menglong [Southeast University, Nanjing (China)
Solar dish/engine systems convert the energy from the sun into electricity at a very high efficiency. Using a mirror array formed into the shape of a dish, the solar dish focuses the sun`s rays onto a receiver. The receiver transmits the energy to an engine that generates electric power. Because of the high concentration ratios achievable with parabolic dishes and the small size of the receiver, solar dishes are efficient at collecting solar energy at very high temperatures. Tests of prototype systems and components at locations throughout the US have demonstrated net solar to electric conversion efficiencies as high as 30%. This is significantly higher than any other solar technology.
Solar reforming of methane in a direct absorption catalytic reactor on a parabolic dish: I-test and analysis
The concept of solar driven chemical reaction in a commercial-scale volumetric receiver/reactor on a parabolic concentrator was successfully demonstrated in the CAtalytically Enhanced Solar Absorption Receiver (CAESAR) test. Solar reforming of methane (CH[sub 4]) with carbon dioxide (CO[sub 2]) was achieved in a 64 cm diameter direct absorption reactor on a parabolic dish capable of 150 kW solar power. The reactor was a catalytic volumetric absorber consisting of a multilayered, porous alumina foam disk coated with rhodium (Rh) catalyst. The system was operated during both steady-state and solar transient (cloud passage) conditions. The total solar power absorbed reached values up to 97 kW and the maximum methane conversion was 70%. Receiver thermal efficiencies ranged up to 85% and chemical efficiencies peaked at 54%. The absorber performed satisfactorily in promoting the reforming reaction during the tests without carbon formation. However, problems of cracking and degradation of the porous matrix, nonuniform dispersion of the Rh through the absorber, the catalyst deactivation due to sintering and possible encapsulation, must be resolved to achieve long-term operation and eventual commercialization.
Muir, J.F.; Hogan, R.E. Jr.; Skocypec, R.D. (Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States)); Buck, R. (DLR-ITT, Stuttgart (Germany))
The CAESAR project: Experimental and modeling investigations of methane reforming in a CAtalytically Enhanced Solar Absorption Receiver on a parabolic dish
A joint US/Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) project has successfully tested a unique solar-driven chemical reactor in the CAtalytically Enhanced Solar Absorption Receiver (CAESAR) experiment. The CAESAR test was a {open_quotes}proof-of-concept{close_quotes} demonstration of carbon-dioxide reforming of methane in a commercial-scale, solar, volumetric receiver/reactor on a parabolic dish concentrator. The CAESAR design; test facility and instrumentation; thermal and chemical tests; and analysis of test results are presented in detail. Numerical models for the absorber and the receiver are developed and predicted performance is compared with test data. Post test analyses to assess the structural condition of the absorber and the effectiveness of the rhodium catalyst are presented. Unresolved technical issues are identified and future development efforts are recommended.
Muir, J.F.; Hogan, R.E. Jr.; Skocypec, R.D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (US); Buck, R. [Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Stuttgart (DE). Inst. of Technical Thermodynamics
Solar reforming of methane in a direct absorption catalytic reactor on a parabolic dish: 2, Modeling and analysis
The CAtalytically Enhanced Solar Absorption Receiver (CAESAR) experiment was conducted to determine the thermal, chemical, and mechanical performance of a commercial-scale, dish-mounted, direct catalytic absorption receiver (DCAR) reactor over a range of steady state and transient (cloud) operating conditions. The focus of the experiment is on global performance such as receiver efficiencies and overall methane conversion; it was not intended to provide data for code validation. A numerical model was previously developed to provide guidance in the design of the absorber. The one-dimensional, planar and steady-state model incorporates, the following energy transfer mechanisms: solar and infrared radiation, heterogeneous chemical reaction, conduction in the solid phase, and convection between the fluid and solid phases. A number of upgrades to the model and improved property values are presented here. Model predictions are shown to bound the experimental axial thermocouple data when experimental uncertainties are included. Global predictions are made using a technique in which the incident solar flux distribution is subdivided into flux contour bands. Model predictions for each band are then spatially integrated to provide global predictions such as reactor efficiencies and methane conversions. Global predictions are shown to compare well with experimental data. Reactor predictions for anticipated operating conditions suggest a further decrease in optical density at the front of the absorber inner disk may be beneficial. The need to conduct code-validation experiments is identified as essential to improve the confidence in the capability to predict large-scale reactor operation.
Skocypec, R.D.; Hogan, R.E. Jr.; Muir, J.F.
SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Dish Engine to someone by E-mail Dish Engine to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Dish Engine on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Systems Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Power Tower Dish Engine Components Competitive Awards Staff Photovoltaics Systems Integration Balance of Systems Dish Engine DOE funds solar research and development (R&D) in dish/engine systems as one of four concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies aiming to meet the goals of the SunShot Initiative. CSP dish engines, which provide high solar
High-temperature ceramic receivers
An advanced ceramic dome cavity receiver is discussed which heats pressurized gas to temperatures above 1800/sup 0/F (1000/sup 0/C) for use in solar Brayton power systems of the dispersed receiver/dish or central receiver type. Optical, heat transfer, structural, and ceramic material design aspects of the receiver are reported and the development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal between the pressurized gas and the high-temperature silicon carbide dome material is described.
Jarvinen, P. O.
Concentrating Solar Power Dish/Engine System Basics | Department...
technologies-typically in the range of 3 to 25 kilowatts. Dishengine systems use a parabolic dish of mirrors to direct and concentrate sunlight onto a central engine that...
Solar-Electric Dish Stirling System Development
Electrical power generated with the heat from the sun, called solar thermal power, is produced with three types of concentrating solar systems - trough or line-focus systems; power towers in which a centrally-located thermal receiver is illuminated with a large field of sun-tracking heliostats; and dish/engine systems. A special case of the third type of system, a dish/Stirling system, is the subject of this paper. A dish/Stirling system comprises a parabolic dish concentrator, a thermal receiver, and a Stirling engine/generator located at the focus of the dish. Several different dish/Stirling systems have been built and operated during the past 15 years. One system claims the world record for net conversion of solar energy to electric power of 29.4%; and two different company`s systems have accumulated thousands of hours of on-sun operation. Due to de-regulation and intense competition in global energy markets as well as the immaturity of the technology, dish/Stirling systems have not yet found their way into the marketplace. This situation is changing as solar technologies become more mature and manufacturers identify high-value niche markets for their products. In this paper, I review the history of dish/Stirling system development with an emphasis on technical and other issues that directly impact the Stirling engine. I also try to provide some insight to the opportunities and barriers confronting the application of dish/Stirling in power generation markets.
Mancini, T.R.
Performance of the Vanguard Solar Dish--Stirling Engine Model
A new solar technology that combines a parabolic dish concentrator with a 25-kW Stirling engine power conversion unit has achieved the highest known efficiencies in converting sunlight to electricity. An 18-month test of the prototype demonstrated that, with the design improvements indicated, dish-Stirling modules could become a cost-effective generation option for utilities.
ANU's new 500 m paraboloidal dish solar concentrator K Lovegrove, G Burgess, D McCready, J Pye
focused at the fixed point. Trough systems use a parabolic trough shaped mirror that can be hundreds of metres long. The trough tracks from East to west to follow the sun, which is focused to a central tube containing the fluid. Dish systems are very similar to parabolic satellite dishes or radio telescopes
Concentrating Solar Power Dish/Engine System Basics | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Concentrating Solar Power Dish/Engine System Basics Concentrating Solar Power Dish/Engine System Basics Concentrating Solar Power Dish/Engine System Basics August 20, 2013 - 5:02pm Addthis The dish/engine system is a concentrating solar power (CSP) technology that produces relatively small amounts of electricity compared to other CSP technologies-typically in the range of 3 to 25 kilowatts. Dish/engine systems use a parabolic dish of mirrors to direct and concentrate sunlight onto a central engine that produces electricity. The two major parts of the system are the solar concentrator and the power conversion unit. Solar Concentrator Illustration of a dish/engine power plant. Sunlight is shown reflecting off the large dish-shaped concentrator and onto the mounted power conversion unit to generate electricity that is fed into the power grid. The system looks similar to a large satellite television receiver dish.
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand An Assessment of Supply Adequacy in California Trends.......................................................................................................1 HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND.....................................................................................................................7 SECTION I: HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND ..........................9 BACKGROUND
NREL: TroughNet - Parabolic Trough Workshops
Parabolic Trough Workshops Parabolic Trough Workshops Here you'll find information about workshops and forums concerning parabolic trough technology and concentrating solar power. Also, see upcoming events on concentrating solar power. Past Workshops and Forums 2007 Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop March 8-9, 2007 Golden, CO 2007 Solar Power Tower, Dish Stirling and Linear Fresnel Technologies Workshop March 7, 2007 Golden, CO 2006 Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop February 14-16, 2006 Incline Village, NV 2004 Solar Thermal Electric International Project Development Forum July 13, 2004 Portland, OR 2003 Parabolic Trough Thermal Energy Storage Workshop February 20-21, 2003 Golden, CO 2001 Solar Energy Forum: The Power to Choose April 21-25, 2001 Washington, D.C. 2000 Parabolic Trough Technology Workshop
Solar Dish Project
(Original wording, now somewhat outdated.) The Nevada Solar Dish Project is designed to deploy at least 1 MW of dish-based, field validation power generation systems in a mini-power plant near Las Vegas, Nevada, as a transitional precursor to the full commercialization of the technology. This will occur over a period of about three years, from 2001 through 2004. The statement of work defines activities that the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) will provide by establishing a test site for two dish/Stirling systems on the UNLV campus and providing operation, test and training, and education in support of the project.
Robert F. Boehm
Cat Dish Bacteria Determination
Dish Bacteria Determination Dish Bacteria Determination Name: Ashlyn Status: student Grade: 6-8 Location: FL Country: USA Date: Summer 2011 Question: Is there a simple way to measure bacteria in cat's water dishes without doing something with Agar? To measure bacteria in a water bowl, do I need to use a microscope? I am thinking of using different materials (metal, plastic, and glass) to see which of those has the grows the most bacteria. Replies: Hello Ashlyn, That is a very good idea for a science project. Usually the best way to do a quantitative analysis of bacteria content is to take a measured amount of a liquid, plate it out on some type of agar and do a colony count. This will give a basic indication of bacterial load, but not differentiate the types of bacteria. The most common type of bacteria that causes a pink film to form on water bowls and showers, etc. is Serratia marcescens. It is a fairly harmless organism that reacts with standing water. It may only adhere to the walls of the container and not be 'free floating' in the water. A microscope would not likely help unless you were able to do special stains to help see the bacteria. You might also want to add stoneware or ceramic to your list. Just so you know stoneware or ceramic make the best containers for cats to drink out of. It keeps the water fresher: Maybe less bacteria? You might just have to rely on a visual inspection of the containers to see which has more pink per surface area.
High Temperature Corrosion
Oct 18, 2010 ... Protective Coatings for Corrosion Resistance at High Temperatures: Vilupanur Ravi1; Thuan Nguyen1; Alexander Ly1; Kameron Harmon1;�...
High temperature sensor
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A high temperature sensor includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a mass of electrical insulating material. The insulating material has a measurable resistivity within the sensor that changes in relation to the temperature of the insulating material within a high temperature range (1,000 to 2,000 K.). When required, the sensor can be encased within a ceramic protective coating.
Tokarz, Richard D. (West Richland, WA)
Electrolysis � High Temperature � Hydrogen
INL has developed a high-temperature process the utilizes solid oxide fuel cells that are operated in the electrolytic mode. The first process includes combining a high-temperature heat source (e.g. nuclear reactor) with a hydrogen production facility ...
Dish/Stirling systems: Overview of an emerging commercial solar thermal electric technology
Dish/Stirling is a solar thermal electric technology which couples parabolic, point-focusing solar collectors and heat engines which employ the Stirling thermodynamic cycle. Since the late 1970s, the development of Dish/Stirling systems intended for commercial use has been in progress in Germany, Japan, and the US. In the next several years it is expected that one or more commercial systems will enter the market place. This paper provides a general overview of this emerging technology, including: a description of the fundamental principles of operation of Dish/Stirling systems; a presentation of the major components of the systems (concentrator, receiver, engine/alternator, and controls); an overview of the actual systems under development around the world, with a discussion of some of the technical issues and challenges facing the Dish/Stirling developers. A brief discussion is also presented of potential applications for small Dish/Stirling systems in northern Mexico.
Strachan, J.W.; Diver, R.B. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Estrada, C. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Temixco, Morelos (Spain)
Parabolic concentrating collector: a tutorial
A tutorial overview of point-focusing parabolic collectors is presented. Optical and thermal characteristics of such collectors are discussed. Data representing typical achievable collector efficiencies are presented and the importance of balancing collector cost with concentrator quality is argued through the development of a figure of merit for the collector. The impact of receiver temperature on performance is assessed and the general observation made that temperatures much in excess of 1500 to 2000/sup 0/F can actually result in decreased performance. Various types of two-axis tracking collectors are described, including the standard parabolic deep dish, Cassegrainian and Fresnel, as well as two forms of fixed mirrors with articulating receivers. The present DOE program to develop these devices is briefly discussed, as are present and projected costs for these collectors. Pricing information is presented for the only known commercial design available on the open market.
Truscello, V.C.
New high-flux two-stage optical designs for parabolic solar concentrators
We present a new two-stage optical design for parabolic dish concentrators that can realistically attain close to 90% of the thermodynamic limit to concentration with practical, compact designs (e.g., at parabola rim half-angles of around 45[degrees]). For comparison, the parabolic dish-plus-compound parabolic concentrator secondary design, at this rim angle, achieves no more than 50% of the thermodynamic limit. Our new secondary concentrator is tailored to accept edge rays from the parabolic primary, and incurs less than one reflection on average. It necessitates displacing the absorber from the parabola's focal plane, along the concentrator's optic axis, toward the primary reflector, and constructing the secondary between the absorber and the primary. The secondary tailored edge-ray concentrators described here create new possibilities for building compact, extremely high flux solar furnaces and/or commercial parabolic dish systems.
Friedman, R.P.; Gordon, J.M. (Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Sede Boqer (Israel) Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beersheva (Israel)); Ries, H. (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel))
High temperature furnace
A high temperature furnace for use above 2000.degree.C is provided that features fast initial heating and low power consumption at the operating temperature. The cathode is initially heated by joule heating followed by electron emission heating at the operating temperature. The cathode is designed for routine large temperature excursions without being subjected to high thermal stresses. A further characteristic of the device is the elimination of any ceramic components from the high temperature zone of the furnace.
Borkowski, Casimer J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
High temperature refrigerator
A high temperature magnetic refrigerator which uses a Stirling-like cycle in which rotating magnetic working material is heated in zero field and adiabatically magnetized, cooled in high field, then adiabatically demagnetized. During this cycle said working material is in heat exchange with a pumped fluid which absorbs heat from a low temperature heat source and deposits heat in a high temperature reservoir. The magnetic refrigeration cycle operates at an efficiency 70% of Carnot.
Steyert, Jr., William A. (Los Alamos, NM)
High-temperature sensor
A high temperature sensor is described which includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a mass of electrical insulating material. The insulating material has a measurable resistivity within the sensor that changes in relation to the temperature of the insulating material within a high temperature range (1000 to 2000/sup 0/K). When required, the sensor can be encased within a ceramic protective coating.
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential on Imaging Science Hart F. Smith Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential Reflections #12;Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling The Second Dyadic Decomposition Wave-Evolution of Curvelets Second Dyadic
Smith, Hart F.
High Temperature ESP Monitoring
The objective of the High Temperature ESP Monitoring project was to develop a downhole monitoring system to be used in wells with bottom hole well temperatures up to 300�C for measuring motor temperature, formation pressure, and formation temperature. These measurements are used to monitor the health of the ESP motor, to track the downhole operating conditions, and to optimize the pump operation. A 220 �C based High Temperature ESP Monitoring system was commercially released for sale with Schlumberger ESP motors April of 2011 and a 250 �C system with will be commercially released at the end of Q2 2011. The measurement system is now fully qualified, except for the sensor, at 300 �C.
Jack Booker; Brindesh Dhruva
Parabolic geometries BGG sequences
Parabolic geometries BGG sequences Prolongation procedures BGG Sequences and Geometric sequences and overdetermined systems #12;Parabolic geometries BGG sequences Prolongation procedures Parabolic geometries are a large class of differential geometric structures, which can be described
Drmota, Michael
High Temperature Capacitor Development
The absence of high-temperature electronics is an obstacle to the development of untapped energy resources (deep oil, gas and geothermal). US natural gas consumption is projected to grow from 22 trillion cubic feet per year (tcf) in 1999 to 34 tcf in 2020. Cumulatively this is 607 tcf of consumption by 2020, while recoverable reserves using current technology are 177 tcf. A significant portion of this shortfall may be met by tapping deep gas reservoirs. Tapping these reservoirs represents a significant technical challenge. At these depths, temperatures and pressures are very high and may require penetrating very hard rock. Logistics of supporting 6.1 km (20,000 ft) drill strings and the drilling processes are complex and expensive. At these depths up to 50% of the total drilling cost may be in the last 10% of the well depth. Thus, as wells go deeper it is increasingly important that drillers are able to monitor conditions down-hole such as temperature, pressure, heading, etc. Commercial off-the-shelf electronics are not specified to meet these operating conditions. This is due to problems associated with all aspects of the electronics including the resistors and capacitors. With respect to capacitors, increasing temperature often significantly changes capacitance because of the strong temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. Higher temperatures also affect the equivalent series resistance (ESR). High-temperature capacitors usually have low capacitance values because of these dielectric effects and because packages are kept small to prevent mechanical breakage caused by thermal stresses. Electrolytic capacitors do not operate at temperatures above 150oC due to dielectric breakdown. The development of high-temperature capacitors to be used in a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) drilling environment was investigated. These capacitors were based on a previously developed high-voltage hybridized capacitor developed at Giner, Inc. in conjunction with a unique high-temperature electrolyte developed during the course of the program. During this program the feasibility of operating a high voltage hybridized capacitor at 230oC was demonstrated. Capacitor specifications were established in conjunction with potential capacitor users. A method to allow for capacitor operation at both ambient and elevated temperatures was demonstrated. The program was terminated prior to moving into Phase II due to a lack of cost-sharing funds.
John Kosek
Parabolic Quantum Cloak.
??It is shown that the parabolic quantum cloak can be theoretically design by using �transformation design method�. We discuss the possibility to build a parabolic� (more)
Chang, Yu-Hsuan
High temperature thermometric phosphors
A high temperature phosphor consists essentially of a material having the general formula LuPO.sub.4 :Dy.sub.(x),Eu.sub.y) wherein: 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20 wt % and 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 wt %. The high temperature phosphor is in contact with an article whose temperature is to be determined. The article having the phosphor in contact with it is placed in the environment for which the temperature of the article is to be determined. The phosphor is excited by a laser causing the phosphor to fluoresce. The emission from the phosphor is optically focused into a beam-splitting mirror which separates the emission into two separate emissions, the emission caused by the dysprosium dopant and the emission caused by the europium dopent. The separated emissions are optically filtered and the intensities of the emission are detected and measured. The ratio of the intensity of each emission is determined and the temperature of the article is calculated from the ratio of the intensities of the separate emissions.
Allison, Stephen W. (Knoxville, TN); Cates, Michael R. (Oak Ridge, TN); Boatner, Lynn A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Gillies, George T. (Earlysville, VA)
The parabolic Harnack inequality
The parabolic Harnack inequality on metric graphs Sebastian Haeseler 1. Basic definitions 2. Volume-doubling properties 3. Poincar´e inequalities 4. The parabolic Harnack inequality 5. Examples The parabolic Harnack parabolic Harnack inequality on metric graphs Sebastian Haeseler 1. Basic definitions 2. Volume
Novak, Erich
High Temperature Superconductivity Partners | Department of Energy
High Temperature Superconductivity Partners High Temperature Superconductivity Partners Map showing DOE's partnersstakeholders in the High Temperature Superconductivity Program...
High temperature interfacial superconductivity
High-temperature superconductivity confined to nanometer-scale interfaces has been a long standing goal because of potential applications in electronic devices. The spontaneous formation of a superconducting interface in bilayers consisting of an insulator (La.sub.2CuO.sub.4) and a metal (La.sub.1-xSr.sub.xCuO.sub.4), neither of which is superconducting per se, is described. Depending upon the layering sequence of the bilayers, T.sub.c may be either .about.15 K or .about.30 K. This highly robust phenomenon is confined to within 2-3 nm around the interface. After exposing the bilayer to ozone, T.sub.c exceeds 50 K and this enhanced superconductivity is also shown to originate from a 1 to 2 unit cell thick interfacial layer. The results demonstrate that engineering artificial heterostructures provides a novel, unconventional way to fabricate stable, quasi two-dimensional high T.sub.c phases and to significantly enhance superconducting properties in other superconductors. The superconducting interface may be implemented, for example, in SIS tunnel junctions or a SuFET.
Bozovic, Ivan (Mount Sinai, NY); Logvenov, Gennady (Port Jefferson Station, NY); Gozar, Adrian Mihai (Port Jefferson, NY)
Parabolic Raynaud bundles
Let X be an irreducible smooth projective curve defined over complex numbers, S= {p_1, p_2,...,p_n} \\subset X$ a finite set of closed points and N > 1 a fixed integer. For any pair (r,d) in Z X Z/N, there exists a parabolic vector bundle R_{r,d,*} on X, with parabolic structure over S and all parabolic weights in Z/N, that has the following property: Take any parabolic vector bundle E_* of rank r on X whose parabolic points are contained in S, all the parabolic weights are in Z/N and the parabolic degree is d. Then E_* is parabolic semistable if and only if there is no nonzero parabolic homomorphism from R_{r,d,*} to E_*.
Biswas, Indranil
Parabolic-like maps
In this paper we introduce the notion of parabolic-like mapping, which is an object similar to a polynomial-like mapping, but with a parabolic external class, i.e. an external map with a parabolic fixed point. We prove a straightening theorem for parabolic-like maps, which states that any parabolic-like map of degree 2 is hybrid conjugate to a member of the family Per_1(1), and this member is unique (up to holomorphic conjugacy) if the filled Julia set of the parabolic-like map is connected.
Lomonaco, Luciana Luna Anna
Program on Technology Innovation: Central Station Solar Photovoltaic, Linear Fresnel, and Dish-Engine Technology Assessment
This Technology Innovation (TI) project, performed in conjunction with an EPRI feasibility study for a 50 to 500 megawatt (MW) central station solar power (CSSP) plant to be developed in New Mexico by mid-2010, surveyed and characterized photovoltaic (PV), linear Fresnel, and dish-engine solar technology options. The overall feasibility study also assessed the status of parabolic trough and central receiver solar technologies.
AIMFAST : an alignment tool based on fringe reflection methods applied to dish concentrators.
The proper alignment of facets on a dish engine concentrated solar power system is critical to the performance of the system. These systems are generally highly concentrating to produce high temperatures for maximum thermal efficiency so there is little tolerance for poor optical alignment. Improper alignment can lead to poor performance and shortened life through excessively high flux on the receiver surfaces, imbalanced power on multicylinder engines, and intercept losses at the aperture. Alignment approaches used in the past are time consuming field operations, typically taking 4-6 h per dish with 40-80 facets on the dish. Production systems of faceted dishes will need rapid, accurate alignment implemented in a fraction of an hour. In this paper, we present an extension to our Sandia Optical Fringe Analysis Slope Technique mirror characterization system that will automatically acquire data, implement an alignment strategy, and provide real-time mirror angle corrections to actuators or labor beneath the dish. The Alignment Implementation for Manufacturing using Fringe Analysis Slope Technique (AIMFAST) has been implemented and tested at the prototype level. In this paper we present the approach used in AIMFAST to rapidly characterize the dish system and provide near-real-time adjustment updates for each facet. The implemented approach can provide adjustment updates every 5 s, suitable for manual or automated adjustment of facets on a dish assembly line.
Yellowhair, Julius; Stone, Brad (Stirling Energy Systems, Scottsdale, AZ); Myer, Brian (Appalachian State University, Boone, NC); Hunt, Kirby (Stirling Energy Systems, Scottsdale, AZ); Trapeznikov, Kirill; Andraka, Charles E.; Carlson, Jeffrey J.
Presenting parabolic subgroups
Consider a relatively hyperbolic group G. We prove that if G is finitely presented, so are its parabolic subgroups. Moreover, a presentation of the parabolic subgroups can be found algorithmically from a presentation of G, a solution of its word problem, and generating sets of the parabolic subgroups. We also give an algorithm that finds parabolic subgroups in a given recursively enumerable class of groups.
Dahmani, Fran�ois
High Temperature and Electrical Properties
Mar 5, 2013... and Nanomaterials: High Temperature and Electrical Properties ... thermomechanical (or in cyclic power) loading of electronic devices is an�...
Ultra High Temperature Ceramic Composites
Oct 9, 2012 ... These ceramics, often combined with 20-30% SiC, have been studied extensively in monolithic form, demonstrating excellent high-temperature�...
High Temperature | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Temperature Temperature Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Print PDF Sanyal Temperature Classification: High Temperature Dictionary.png High Temperature: No definition has been provided for this term. Add a Definition Sanyal Temp Classification This temperature scheme was developed by Sanyal in 2005 at the request of DOE and GEA, as reported in Classification of Geothermal Systems: A Possible Scheme. Extremely Low Temperature Very Low Temperature Low Temperature Moderate Temperature High Temperature Ultra High Temperature Steam Field Reservoir fluid between 230°C and 300°C is considered by Sanyal to be "high temperature." "Above a temperature level of 230°C, the reservoir would be expected to become two-phase at some point during exploitation. The next higher
Dish-Stirling Joint Venture Program
A brief report about DOE/Sandia National Laboratories/Cummins Engine Company dish-Stirling solar electric engine system being perfected.
PARABOLIC GEODESICS AS PARALLEL CURVES IN PARABOLIC GEOMETRIES MARC HERZLICH Abstract. We give a simple characterization of the parabolic geodesics introduced by Cap, Slovák and Zádník for all parabolic then show that parabolic geodesics can be characterized as the following data: a curve on the manifold
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
A review of test results on solar thermal power modules with dish-mounted Stirling and Brayton cycle engines
This paper presents results of development tests of various solar thermal parabolic dish modules and assemblies that used dish-mounted Brayton or Stirling cycle engines for production of electric power. These tests indicate that early modules achieve net efficiencies up to 29 percent in converting sunlight to electricity, as delivered to the grid. Various equipment deficiencies were observed and a number of malfunctions occurred. The performance measurements, as well as the malfunctions and other test experience, provided information that should be of value in developing systems with improved performance and reduced maintenance.
SHADE: a computer model for evaluating the optical performance of two-axis tracking parabolic concentrators
A computer model SHADE (Selection of Heliostat Arrangement for Distributed Engines) has been developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to aid in determining the optical performance of two-axis tracking parabolic concentrators. The shading of individual mirror assemblies in a field of parabolic dishes determines the optimal field arrangement and the most efficient method of plant operation. SHADE provides a simple and inexpensive analytical tool for examining certain design aspects of solar thermal power systems using a network of point-focusing parabolic concentrators.
Apley, W. J.
Parabolic flows on complex manifolds
Chapter 2 Convergence of the parabolic complex Monge-Amp`ere65] Streets, J. , Tian, G. A parabolic flow of pluriclosedGill, M. Convergence of the parabolic complex Monge-Amp` ere
Gill, Matthew Franklin
Optimal control, parabolic equations, st
state constraints, for parabolic systems have been studied in Casas [20], ... troduced for deriving optimality conditionsfor parabolic problems with pure or mixed.
Parabolic flows on complex manifolds.
??We prove C ? convergence for suitably normalized solutions of the parabolic complex Monge-Amp�re equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. This provides a parabolic proof of� (more)
High temperature superconductor current leads
An electrical lead having one end for connection to an apparatus in a cryogenic environment and the other end for connection to an apparatus outside the cryogenic environment. The electrical lead includes a high temperature superconductor wire and an electrically conductive material distributed therein, where the conductive material is present at the one end of the lead at a concentration in the range of from 0 to about 3% by volume, and at the other end of the lead at a concentration of less than about 20% by volume. Various embodiments are shown for groups of high temperature superconductor wires and sheaths.
Hull, John R. (Hinsdale, IL); Poeppel, Roger B. (Glen Ellyn, IL)
High Temperature Optical Gas Sensing
Optical Gas Sensing Optical Gas Sensing Opportunity Research is active on optical sensors integrated with advanced sensing materials for high temperature embedded gas sensing applications. Patent applications have been filed for two inventions in this area and several other methods are currently under development. These technologies are available for licensing and/or further collaborative research from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Organizations or individuals with capabilities in optical sensor packaging for harsh environment and high temperature applications are encouraged to contact NETL to explore potential collaborative opportunities. Overview Contact NETL Technology Transfer Group firstname.lastname@example.com
High temperature turbine engine structure
A high temperature turbine engine includes a rotor portion having axially stacked adjacent ceramic rotor parts. A ceramic/ceramic joint structure transmits torque between the rotor parts while maintaining coaxial alignment and axially spaced mutually parallel relation thereof despite thermal and centrifugal cycling.
Boyd, Gary L. (Tempe, AZ)
High-temperature plasma physics
Both magnetic and inertial confinement research are entering the plasma parameter range of fusion reactor interest. This paper reviews the individual and common technical problems of these two approaches to the generation of thermonuclear plasmas, and describes some related applications of high-temperature plasma physics.
Furth, H.P.
on the Cerro P r i e t o Geothermal F i e l d , Mexicali,e C e r r o P r i e t o Geothermal F i e l d , Baja C a l i1979 HIGH TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING R.
Schroeder, R.C.
High temperature mineral fiber binder
A modified phenol formaldehyde condensate is reacted with boric acid and cured in the presence of a polyfunctional nitrogeneous compound to provide a binder for mineral wool fibers which is particularly suited for thermal insulation products intended for high temperature service.
Miedaner, P.M.
A high temperature turbine engine includes a hybrid ceramic/metallic rotor member having ceramic/metal joint structure. The disclosed joint is able to endure higher temperatures than previously possible, and aids in controlling heat transfer in the rotor member.
High temperature electronic gain device
An integrated thermionic device suitable for use in high temperature, high radiation environments. Cathode and control electrodes are deposited on a first substrate facing an anode on a second substrate. The substrates are sealed to a refractory wall and evacuated to form an integrated triode vacuum tube.
McCormick, J. Byron (Los Alamos, NM); Depp, Steven W. (Los Alamos, NM); Hamilton, Douglas J. (Tucson, AZ); Kerwin, William J. (Tucson, AZ)
Geothermal high temperature instrumentation applications
A quick look at the geothermal industry shows a small industry producing about $1 billion in electric sales annually. The industry is becoming older and in need of new innovative solutions to instrumentation problems. A quick look at problem areas is given along with basic instrumentation requirements. The focus of instrumentation is on high temperature electronics.
Normann, R.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Livesay, B.J. [Livesay Consultants (United States)
High temperature lightweight foamed cements
Cement slurries are disclosed which are suitable for use in geothermal wells since they can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. The formulation consists of cement, silica flour, water, a retarder, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a reinforcing agent. A process for producing these cements is also disclosed. 3 figs.
Sugama, Toshifumi.
Cement slurries are disclosed which are suitable for use in geothermal wells since they can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. The formulation consists of cement, silica flour, water, a retarder, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a reinforcing agent. A process for producing these cements is also disclosed.
Sugama, Toshifumi (Mastic Beach, NY)
High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects...
High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects A National Effort to Introduce New Technology into...
High Temperature Heat Exchanger Project
The UNLV Research Foundation assembled a research consortium for high temperature heat exchanger design and materials compatibility and performance comprised of university and private industry partners under the auspices of the US DOE-NE Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative in October 2003. The objectives of the consortium were to conduct investigations of candidate materials for high temperature heat exchanger componets in hydrogen production processes and design and perform prototypical testing of heat exchangers. The initial research of the consortium focused on the intermediate heat exchanger (located between the nuclear reactor and hydrogen production plan) and the components for the hydrogen iodine decomposition process and sulfuric acid decomposition process. These heat exchanger components were deemed the most challenging from a materials performance and compatibility perspective
Anthony E. Hechanova, Ph.D.
High temperature structural insulating material
A high temperature structural insulating material useful as a liner for cylinders of high temperature engines through the favorable combination of high service temperature (above about 800/sup 0/C), low thermal conductivity (below about 0.2 W/m/sup 0/C), and high compressive strength (above about 250 psi). The insulating material is produced by selecting hollow ceramic beads with a softening temperature above about 800/sup 0/C, a diameter within the range of 20-200 ..mu..m, and a wall thickness in the range of about 2 to 4 ..mu..m; compacting the beads and a compatible silicate binder composition under pressure and sintering conditions to provide the desired structural form with the structure having a closed-cell, compact array of bonded beads.
Chen, W.Y.
A high temperature ceramic/metallic turbine engine includes a metallic housing which journals a rotor member of the turbine engine. A ceramic disk-like shroud portion of the engine is supported on the metallic housing portion and maintains a close running clearance with the rotor member. A ceramic spacer assembly maintains the close running clearance of the shroud portion and rotor member despite differential thermal movements between the shroud portion and metallic housing portion.
Carruthers, William D. (Mesa, AZ); Boyd, Gary L. (Tempe, AZ)
A high-temperature microscope is offered. It has a reflecting optic situated above a molten specimen in a furnace and reflecting the image of the same downward through an inert optic member in the floor of the furnace, a plurality of spaced reflecting plane mirrors defining a reflecting path around the furnace, a standard microscope supported in the path of and forming the end terminus of the light path.
Olson, D.M.
High-temperature geothermal cableheads
Two high-temperature, corrosion-resistant logging cableheads which use metal seals and a stable fluid to achieve proper electrical terminations and cable-sonde interfacings are described. A tensile bar provides a calibrated yield point, and a cone assembly anchors the cable armor to the head. Electrical problems of the sort generally ascribable to the cable-sonde interface were absent during demonstration hostile-environment loggings in which these cableheads were used.
Coquat, J.A.; Eifert, R.W.
High temperature size selective membranes
The objective of this research is to develop a high temperature size selective membrane capable of separating gas mixture components from each other based on molecular size, using a molecular sieving mechanism. The authors are evaluating two concepts: a composite of a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) with a tightly defined pore size distribution between 3 and 4 {angstrom}, and a microporous supporting matrix which provides mechanical strength and resistance to thermal degradation, and a sandwich of a CMS film between the porous supports. The high temperature membranes the authors are developing can be used to replace the current low-temperature unit operations for separating gaseous mixtures, especially hydrogen, from the products of the water gas shift reaction at high temperatures. Membranes that have a high selectivity and have both thermal and chemical stability would improve substantially the economics of the coal gasification process. These membranes can also improve other industrial processes such as the ammonia production and oil reform processes where hydrogen separation is crucial. Results of tests on a supported membrane and an unsupported carbon film are presented.
Yates, S.F.; Zhou, S.J.; Anderson, D.J.; Til, A.E. van
High Temperature Oxidation and Design for Resistance
Mar 2, 2011 ... Overall weight uptakes followed linear kinetics in dry CO2, but additions of H2O caused a transition to parabolic kinetics. In contrast, high�...
On parabolic Whittaker functions
We derive a Mellin-Barnes integral representation for solution to generalized (parabolic) quantum Toda lattice introduced in \\cite{GLO}, which presumably describes the $(S^1\\times U_N)$-equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of Grassmann variety.
Sergey Oblezin
Oblezin, Sergey
... Anaheim, California. HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS- SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, AND LARGE SCALE APPLICATIONS VII: Characterization�...
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS: III: YBCO Conductor ...
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS: Session III: YBCO Conductor Development. Sponsored by: Jt: EMPMD/SMD Superconducting Materials�...
The confinement of a high temperature plasma in a stellarator in which the magnetic confinement has tended to shift the plasma from the center of the curved, U-shaped end loops is described. Magnetic means are provided for counteracting this tendency of the plasma to be shifted away from the center of the end loops, and in one embodiment this magnetic means is a longitudinally extending magnetic field such as is provided by two sets of parallel conductors bent to follow the U-shaped curvature of the end loops and energized oppositely on the inside and outside of this curvature. (AEC)
Koenig, H.R.
High temperature catalytic membrane reactors
Current state-of-the-art inorganic oxide membranes offer the potential of being modified to yield catalytic properties. The resulting modules may be configured to simultaneously induce catalytic reactions with product concentration and separation in a single processing step. Processes utilizing such catalytically active membrane reactors have the potential for dramatically increasing yield reactions which are currently limited by either thermodynamic equilibria, product inhibition, or kinetic selectivity. Examples of commercial interest include hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, partial and selective oxidation, hydrations, hydrocarbon cracking, olefin metathesis, hydroformylation, and olefin polymerization. A large portion of the most significant reactions fall into the category of high temperature, gas phase chemical and petrochemical processes. Microporous oxide membranes are well suited for these applications. A program is proposed to investigate selected model reactions of commercial interest (i.e. dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene and dehydrogenation of butane to butadiene) using a high temperature catalytic membrane reactor. Membranes will be developed, reaction dynamics characterized, and production processes developed, culminating in laboratory-scale demonstration of technical and economic feasibility. As a result, the anticipated increased yield per reactor pass economic incentives are envisioned. First, a large decrease in the temperature required to obtain high yield should be possible because of the reduced driving force requirement. Significantly higher conversion per pass implies a reduced recycle ratio, as well as reduced reactor size. Both factors result in reduced capital costs, as well as savings in cost of reactants and energy.
High temperature nuclear gas turbine
Significance of gas turbine cycle, process of the development of gas turbines, cycle and efficiency of high-temperature gas turbines, history of gas turbine plants and application of nuclear gas turbines are described. The gas turbines are directly operated by the heat from nuclear plants. The gas turbines are classified into two types, namely open cycle and closed cycle types from the point of thermal cycle, and into two types of internal combustion and external combustion from the point of heating method. The hightemperature gas turbines are tbe type of internal combustion closed cycle. Principle of the gas turbines of closed cycle and open cycle types is based on Brayton, Sirling, and Ericsson cycles. Etficiency of the turbines is decided only by pressure ratio, and is independent of gas temperature. An example of the turbine cycle for the nuclear plant Gestacht II is explained. The thermal efficiency of that plant attains 37%. Over the gas temperature of about 750 deg C, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine cycle is better than that of steam turbine cycle. As the nuclear fuel, coated particle fuel is used, and this can attain higher temperature of core outlet gas. Direct coupling of the nuclear power plants and the high temperature gas turbines has possibility of the higher thermal efficiency. (JA)
Kurosawa, A.
VSHOT Measurements of Distal II Dish Concentrators
The Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Tester (VSHOT) is a laser ray-trace tool for measuring the slope error of solar concentrator mirrors. The VSHOT measurements made on two, 8.5-m diameter, Distal II dishes represent its first use on a concentrator installed and operating in the field. A number of valuable lessons were learned regarding the use of the VSHOT for outdoor testing. The two dishes were found to have overall figure-of-merit RMS slope errors from an ideal parabola of 2.99 and 3.18 milliradians. The VSHOT measurements compare well qualitatively with distant observer photographs made using a colored concentric ring target.
Jones, S.A.
Joint Institute for High Temperatures
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Extended title Extended title Excited state of warm dense matter or Exotic state of warm dense matter or Novel form of warm dense matter or New form of plasma Three sources of generation similarity: solid state density, two temperatures: electron temperature about tens eV, cold ions keep original crystallographic positions, but electron band structure and phonon dispersion are changed, transient but steady (quasi-stationary for a short time) state of non-equilibrium, uniform plasmas (no reference to non-ideality, both strongly and weakly coupled plasmas can be formed) spectral line spectra are emitted by ion cores embedded in plasma environment which influences the spectra strongly,
Properties of parabolic Sobolev and parabolic Besov spaces
In this paper, we characterize parabolic Besov and parabolic Sobolev spaces in ${\\bf R}^{n+1}$ and ${\\bf R}^{n+1}_T, \\,\\, T > 0$. We also, study the relation between parabolic Besov spaces in ${\\bf R}^{n}_T, \\,\\, T > 0$ and standard Besov space in $\\R$.
Chang, Tongkeun
High-temperature thermocouples and related methods
A high-temperature thermocouple and methods for fabricating a thermocouple capable of long-term operation in high-temperature, hostile environments without significant signal degradation or shortened thermocouple lifetime due to heat induced brittleness.
Rempe, Joy L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Knudson, Darrell L. (Firth, ID); Condie, Keith G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wilkins, S. Curt (Idaho Falls, ID)
Recent Developments in High Temperature Superconductivity
New material systems and the experimental progress of high temperature superconductivity are briefly reviewed. We examine both oxides and non-oxides which exhibit stable and/or unstable superconductivity at high temperatures.
Hor, P. H.
PARABOLIC EXHAUSTIONS AND ANALYTIC COVERINGS Finnur L´arusson January 31, 1993 Abstract. Let be a parabolic exhaustion on a Stein manifold X such that is strictly plurisubharmonic at its zeros. The metric to be parabolic because its logarithm is plurisubharmonic and satisfies the so-called Monge-Amp`ere equation
Lárusson, Finnur
Compact High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Wins ' ...
Compact High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Wins 'R&D 100' Award. From NIST Tech Beat: June 22, 2011. ...
High temperature electronics application in well logging
Some limitations, problems, and needs are briefly reviewed for neutron logging tools used in high-temperature geothermal environments. (ACR)
Traeger, R.K.; Lysne, P.C.
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS: IV: BSCCO and ...
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS: Session IV: BSCCO and TBCCO Conductor Development. Sponsored by: Jt. EMPMD/SMD Superconducting�...
High Temperature Strain Gages for SOFC Application
This presentation discusses the investigation/extension of high temperature strain gage applications sensors to SOFC applications.
Pineault, R.L.; Johnson, C.; Gemmen, R.S.; Gregory, O.; You, T.
Dish/Engine Systems for Concentrating Solar Power | Department...
DishEngine Systems for Concentrating Solar Power DishEngine Systems for Concentrating Solar Power August 20, 2013 - 5:02pm Addthis The dishengine system is a concentrating solar...
High Temperature Superconducting Underground Cable
The purpose of this Project was to design, build, install and demonstrate the technical feasibility of an underground high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable installed between two utility substations. In the first phase two HTS cables, 320 m and 30 m in length, were constructed using 1st generation BSCCO wire. The two 34.5 kV, 800 Arms, 48 MVA sections were connected together using a superconducting joint in an underground vault. In the second phase the 30 m BSCCO cable was replaced by one constructed with 2nd generation YBCO wire. 2nd generation wire is needed for commercialization because of inherent cost and performance benefits. Primary objectives of the Project were to build and operate an HTS cable system which demonstrates significant progress towards commercial progress and addresses real world utility concerns such as installation, maintenance, reliability and compatibility with the existing grid. Four key technical areas addressed were the HTS cable and terminations (where the cable connects to the grid), cryogenic refrigeration system, underground cable-to-cable joint (needed for replacement of cable sections) and cost-effective 2nd generation HTS wire. This was the world�s first installation and operation of an HTS cable underground, between two utility substations as well as the first to demonstrate a cable-to-cable joint, remote monitoring system and 2nd generation HTS.
Farrell, Roger, A.
Parabolically connected subgroups
All reductive spherical subgroups of the group SL(n) are found for which the intersections with every parabolic subgroup of SL(n) are connected. This condition guarantees that open equivariant embeddings of the corresponding homogeneous spaces into Moishezon spaces are algebraic. Bibliography: 6 titles.
Netai, Igor V [M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow (Russian Federation)
A compound parabolic concentrator
A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) for solar energy applications is presented in this work. A prototype was built and its thermal performance was determined. Operating temperatures of the order of 150 /sup 0/C with a reasonable efficiency can be attained by means of a fixed CPC.
Manrique, J.A.
Parabolic submanifolds of rank two
The goal of this paper is to classify parametrically parabolic submanifolds in any codimension. First, we describe the ones that are ruled and show that they are the only parabolic submanifolds that admit an isometric immersion as a hypersurface. Then, we classify the nonruled ones by two different means. In fact, we provide the polar and bipolar parametrizations, each of which is associated to a parabolic surface and a function on the surface which satisfies a parabolic differential equation. To conclude, we describe the structure of the singular set of the nonruled parabolic submanifolds.
Dajczer, Marcos
Parabolic k-ample bundles
We construct projectivization of a parabolic vector bundle and a tautological line bundle over it. It is shown that a parabolic vector bundle is ample if and only if the tautological line bundle is ample. This allows us to generalize the notion of a k-ample bundle, introduced by Sommese, to the context of parabolic bundles. A parabolic vector bundle $E_*$ is defined to be k-ample if the tautological line bundle ${\\mathcal O}_{{\\mathbb P}(E_*)}(1)$ is $k$--ample. We establish some properties of parabolic k-ample bundles.
Ultra High Temperature | Open Energy Information
Ultra High Temperature Ultra High Temperature Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Print PDF Sanyal Temperature Classification: Ultra High Temperature Dictionary.png Ultra High Temperature: No definition has been provided for this term. Add a Definition Sanyal Temp Classification This temperature scheme was developed by Sanyal in 2005 at the request of DOE and GEA, as reported in Classification of Geothermal Systems: A Possible Scheme. Extremely Low Temperature Very Low Temperature Low Temperature Moderate Temperature High Temperature Ultra High Temperature Steam Field Reservoir fluid greater than 300°C is considered by Sanyal to be "ultra high temperature". "Such reservoirs are characterized by rapid development of steam saturation in the reservoir and steam fraction in the mobile fluid phase upon
DISH, Texas: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
DISH, Texas: Energy Resources DISH, Texas: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 33.1328986°, -97.301407° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.1328986,"lon":-97.301407,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Development and Testing of High-Temperature Solar Selective Coatings
The Solar Energy Technologies Program is working to reduce the cost of parabolic trough solar power technology. System studies show that increasing the operating temperature of the solar field from 390 to >450 C will result in improved performance and cost reductions. This requires the development of new more-efficient selective coatings that have both high solar absorptance (>0.96) and low thermal emittance (<0.07) and are thermally stable above 450 C, ideally in air. Potential selective coatings were modeled, identified for laboratory prototyping, and manufactured at NREL. Optimization of the samples and high-temperature durability testing will be performed. Development of spectrally selective materials depends on reliable characterization of their optical properties. Protocols for testing the thermal/optical properties of selective coatings were developed and a round-robin experiment was conducted to verify and document the reflectance and high-temperature emittance measurements. The development, performance, and durability of these materials and future work will be described.
Kennedy, C.; Price, H.
A compendium of solar dish/Stirling technology
This report surveys the emerging dish/Stirling technology. It documents -- using consistent terminology the design characteristics of dish concentrators, receivers, and Stirling engines applicable to solar electric power generation. Development status and operating experience for each system and an overview of dish/Stirling technology are also presented. This report enables comparisons of concentrator, receiver, and engine technologies. Specifications and performance data are presented on systems and on components that are in use or that could be used in dish/Stirling systems. This report is organized into two parts: The first part (Chapters 1 through 4) provides an overview of dish/Stirling technology -- the dish/ Stirling components (concentrator, receiver, and engine/alternator), current technology, basic theory, and technology development. The second part (Chapters 5 through 7) provides a detailed survey of the existing dish/Stirling concentrators, receivers, and engine/alternators.
Stine, W.B. [California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Diver, R.B. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Session: Parabolic Troughs (Presentation)
The project description is R and D activities at NREL and Sandia aimed at lowering the delivered energy cost of parabolic trough collector systems and FOA awards to support industry in trought development. The primary objectives are: (1) support development of near-term parabolic trought technology for central station power generation; (2) support development of next-generation trought fields; and (3) support expansion of US trough industry. The major FY08 activities were: (1) improving reflector optics; (2) reducing receiver heat loss (including improved receiver coating and mitigating hydrogen accumulation); (3) measuring collector optical efficiency; (4) optimizing plant performance and reducing cost; (5) reducing plant water consumption; and (6) directly supporting industry needs, including FOA support.
Kutscher, C.
Deep Trek High Temperature Electronics Project
This report summarizes technical progress achieved during the cooperative research agreement between Honeywell and U.S. Department of Energy to develop high-temperature electronics. Objects of this development included Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafer process development for high temperature, supporting design tools and libraries, and high temperature integrated circuit component development including FPGA, EEPROM, high-resolution A-to-D converter, and a precision amplifier.
Bruce Ohme
Research on Very High Temperature Gas Reactors
Very high temperature gas reactors are helium-cooled, graphite-moderated advanced reactors that show potential for generating low-cost electricity via gas turbines or cogeneration with process-heat applications. This investigation addresses the development status of advanced coatings for nuclear-fuel particles and high-temperature structural materials and evaluates whether these developments are likely to lead to economically competitive applications of the very high temperature gas reactor concept.
Scope, Recently, significant progress has been made world-wide in both fabrication and fundamental understanding of high-temperature superconductors (HTS)�...
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of High Temperature ...
Perspectives on Phonons and Electron-Phonon Scattering in High-Temperature Superconductors � Prediction and Design of Materials from Crystal Structures to�...
Development of Inorganic High Temperature Proton Exchange ...
For fuel cell systems directly coupled to a reformer, the primary advantage of high temperatures is the elimination of CO poisoning. Direct methanol fuel cells�...
Improved Martensitic Steel for High Temperature Applications
NETL has developed a stainless steel composition and heat treatment process for a high-temperature, titanium alloyed 9 Cr-1 molybdenum alloy ...
Experiment Hazard Class 3 - High Temperatures
* RF and Microwave * UV Light Hydrogen * Hydrogen Electronics * Electrical Equipment * High Voltage Other * Other Class 3 - High Temperatures Applicability The hazard controls...
High-temperature brazed ceramic joints
High-temperature joints formed from metallized ceramics are disclosed wherein the metal coatings on the ceramics are vacuum sputtered thereon.
Jarvinen, Philip O. (Amherst, NH)
Estimate Costs to Implement Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies...
collectors are also included in this category. High-temperature collectors are parabolic dish or trough collectors designed to operate at a temperature of 180 degrees...
CALCULATING THE PARABOLIC CHERN CHARACTER OF A LOCALLY ABELIAN PARABOLIC BUNDLE CHADI HASSAN TAHER Abstract. We calculate the parabolic Chern character of a bundle with locally abelian parabolic structure for the parabolic Chern character of a locally abelian parabolic bundle on (X, D) in terms of: --the Chern character
Parabolic John-Nirenberg spaces
We introduce a parabolic version of John-Nirenberg space with exponent $p$ and show that it is contained in local weak-$L^p$ spaces.
Berkovits, Lauri
High Temperature Electrochemistry Center - HiTEC
This presentation discusses the High Temperature Electrochemistry Center (HiTEC). The mission of HiTEC is to advance the solid oxide technology, such as solid oxide, high temperature electrolysers, reversible fuel cells, energy storage devices, proton conductors, etc., for use in DG and FutureGen applications, and to conduct fundamental research that aids the general development of all solid oxide technology.
McVay, G.; Williams, M.
High-temperature electronics: an overview
A summary is presented providing an overview of contemporary high-temperature electronics and identifying the major areas where developments are needed and the laboratories where research is being conducted. The geothermal program, high-temperature oil and gas well logging, jet engine monitors, and circuits for operation in the sodium coolant loop of the Clinch River Breeder reactor have stimulated research. (FS)
Heckman, R.C.
High temperature superconducting fault current limiter
A fault current limiter for an electrical circuit is disclosed. The fault current limiter includes a high temperature superconductor in the electrical circuit. The high temperature superconductor is cooled below its critical temperature to maintain the superconducting electrical properties during operation as the fault current limiter. 15 figs.
Hull, J.R.
Orthogonal parabolic reflector systems
A structure is described comprising: a reflecting surface which has an axis and is open at least at one axial end and in an axial section generally conforms to an axial section through a surface generated by rotating a portion of a parabolic curve about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the parabola defined by the curve; and an elongated source/sink which extends at least in the direction of the axis of the reflecting surface and is at least partly enveloped by the reflecting surface.
Cheng, D.Y.
Energy Basics: Dish/Engine Systems for Concentrating Solar Power
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
power plant. Solar Concentrator The solar concentrator, or dish, gathers the solar energy coming directly from the sun. The resulting beam of concentrated sunlight is reflected...
Symposium on high temperature and materials chemistry
This volume contains the written proceedings of the Symposium on High Temperature and Materials Chemistry held in Berkeley, California on October 24--25, 1989. The Symposium was sponsored by the Materials and Chemical Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and by the College of Chemistry of the University of California at Berkeley to discuss directions, trends, and accomplishments in the field of high temperature and materials chemistry. Its purpose was to provide a snapshot of high temperature and materials chemistry and, in so doing, to define status and directions.
Live Work on High Temperature Conductors
Feedback from field personnel working with high-temperature conductors indicates that when a dead-end compression yoke assembly (DCYA) is installed on the conductor according to normal utility procedures, the soft aluminum strands are deformed and "birdcage." This is of course a concern to the field crews and the utility operating the line. This report presents results of research and tests performed on selected conductors operating at high temperature (approximately 250-260�C) with selected live wor...
Dish/Stirling for Department of Defense applications final report
This report describes a Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project to field a dish/Stirling system at a southwestern US military facility. This project entitled ``Dish/Stirling for DoD Applications`` was started in August 1993 and was completed in September 1996. The project`s objective was to assist military facilities to field and evaluate emerging environmentally sound and potentially economical dish/Stirling technology. Dish/Stirling technology has the potential to produce electricity at competitive costs while at the same time providing a secure and environmentally benign source of power. In accordance with the SERDP charter, this project leveraged a US Department of Energy (DOE) cost-shared project between Sandia National Laboratories and Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG). CPG is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cummins Engine Company, a leading manufacturer of diesel engines. To accomplish this objective, the project called for the installation of a dish/Stirling system at a military facility to establish first-hand experience in the operation of a dish/Stirling system. To scope the potential DoD market for dish/Stirling technology and to identify the site for the demonstration, a survey of southwestern US military facilities was also conducted. This report describes the project history, the Cummins dish/Stirling system, results from the military market survey, and the field test results.
Diver, R.B.; Menicucci, D.F. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Energy and Environment Div.] [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Energy and Environment Div.
Investigations into High Temperature Components and Packaging
The purpose of this report is to document the work that was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in support of the development of high temperature power electronics and components with monies remaining from the Semikron High Temperature Inverter Project managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). High temperature electronic components are needed to allow inverters to operate in more extreme operating conditions as required in advanced traction drive applications. The trend to try to eliminate secondary cooling loops and utilize the internal combustion (IC) cooling system, which operates with approximately 105 C water/ethylene glycol coolant at the output of the radiator, is necessary to further reduce vehicle costs and weight. The activity documented in this report includes development and testing of high temperature components, activities in support of high temperature testing, an assessment of several component packaging methods, and how elevated operating temperatures would impact their reliability. This report is organized with testing of new high temperature capacitors in Section 2 and testing of new 150 C junction temperature trench insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs) in Section 3. Section 4 addresses some operational OPAL-GT information, which was necessary for developing module level tests. Section 5 summarizes calibration of equipment needed for the high temperature testing. Section 6 details some additional work that was funded on silicon carbide (SiC) device testing for high temperature use, and Section 7 is the complete text of a report funded from this effort summarizing packaging methods and their reliability issues for use in high temperature power electronics. Components were tested to evaluate the performance characteristics of the component at different operating temperatures. The temperature of the component is determined by the ambient temperature (i.e., temperature surrounding the device) plus the temperature increase inside the device due the internal heat that is generated due to conduction and switching losses. Capacitors and high current switches that are reliable and meet performance specifications over an increased temperature range are necessary to realize electronics needed for hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell (FC) and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs). In addition to individual component level testing, it is necessary to evaluate and perform long term module level testing to ascertain the effects of high temperature operation on power electronics.
Marlino, L.D.; Seiber, L.E.; Scudiere, M.B.; M.S. Chinthavali, M.S.; McCluskey, F.P.
KSTABILITY AND PARABOLIC STABILITY YANN ROLLIN Abstract. Parabolic structures with rational that the three notions of parabolic polystability, Kpolystability and existence of constant sca lar curvature K, we study iterated blowups of ruled surfaces encoded by a parabolic structure. Our main result, stated
STUDIA MATHEMATICA 193 (3) (2009) On the parabolic-elliptic limit of the doubly parabolic
STUDIA MATHEMATICA 193 (3) (2009) On the parabolic-elliptic limit of the doubly parabolic Keller, of solu- tions of the parabolic-parabolic KellerSegel system in the plane to the corresponding solutions of the parabolic-elliptic model, as a physical parameter goes to zero. Our main tools are suitable space
Pujo-Menjouet, Laurent
On the parabolic-elliptic limit of the doubly parabolic KellerSegel system
On the parabolic-elliptic limit of the doubly parabolic KellerSegel system modelling chemotaxis convergence results, in strong topologies, for so- lutions of the parabolic-parabolic KellerSegel system in the plane, to the corresponding solutions of the parabolic-elliptic model, as a phys- ical parameter goes
MODULI SPACES OF PARABOLIC HIGGS BUNDLES AND PARABOLIC K(D) PAIRS OVER SMOOTH CURVES: I HANS U. BODEN AND K �?? OJI YOKOGAWA Abstract. This paper concerns the moduli spaces of rank two parabolic Higgs bundles and parabolic K(D) pairs over a smooth curve. Precisely which parabolic bundles occur in stable K
Boden, Hans U.
THE CHERN CHARACTER OF A PARABOLIC BUNDLE, AND A PARABOLIC COROLLARY OF REZNIKOV'S THEOREM JAYA NN character of a locally abelian parabolic bundle in terms of its constituent bundles. Several features and variants of parabolic structures are discussed. Parabolic bundles arising from logarithmic connections form
Iyer, Jaya N,
A Relation Between the Parabolic . . .
In this paper, we consider the weight i de Rham�Gauss�Manin bundles on a smooth variety arising from a smooth projective morphism f: XU ? ? U for i ? 0. We associate to each weight i de Rham bundle, a certain parabolic bundle on S and consider their parabolic Chern characters in the rational Chow groups, for a good compactification S of U. We show the triviality of the alternating sum of these parabolic bundles in the (positive degree) rational Chow groups. This removes the hypothesis of semistable reduction in the original result of this kind due to Esnault and Viehweg.
Jaya NN Iyer; Carlos T. Simpson
Parabolic subgroups of Garside groups
A Garside monoid is a cancellative monoid with a finite lattice generating set; a Garside group is the group of fractions of a Garside monoid. The family of Garside groups contains the Artin-Tits groups of spherical type. We generalise the well-known notion of a parabolic subgroup of an Artin-Tits group into that of a parabolic subgroup of a Garside group. We also define the more general notion of a Garside subgroup of a Garside group, which is related to the notion of LCMhomomorphisms between Artin-Tits groups. We prove that most of the properties of parabolic subgroups extend to this subgroups.
Eddy Godelle
Courant Algebroids in Parabolic Geometry
Let $p$ be a Lie subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra $g$ and $(G,P)$ be the corresponding pair of connected Lie groups. A Cartan geometry of type $(G,P)$ associates to a smooth manifold $M$ a principal $P$-bundle and a Cartan connection, and a parabolic geometry is a Cartan geometry where $P$ is parabolic. We show that if $P$ is parabolic, the adjoint tractor bundle of a Cartan geometry, which is isomorphic to the Atiyah algebroid of the principal $P$-bundle, admits the structure of a (pre-)Courant algebroid, and we identify the topological obstruction to the bracket being a Courant bracket. For semisimple $G$, the Atiyah algebroid of the principal $P$-bundle associated to the Cartan geometry of $(G,P)$ admits a pre-Courant algebroid structure if and only if $P$ is parabolic.
Stuart Armstrong; Rongmin Lu
The Parabolic-Trigonometric Functions
The parabolic functions are introduced in analogy to the circular and hyperbolic cases. We discuss the relevant properties, the geometrical interpretation and touch on possible generalizations and their link with the modular elliptic functions.
G. Dattoli; M. Migliorati; M. Quattromini; P. E. Ricci
High Temperature Membrane & Advanced Cathode Catalyst Development
Current project consisted of three main phases and eighteen milestones. Short description of each phase is given below. Table 1 lists program milestones. Phase 1--High Temperature Membrane and Advanced Catalyst Development. New polymers and advanced cathode catalysts were synthesized. The membranes and the catalysts were characterized and compared against specifications that are based on DOE program requirements. The best-in-class membranes and catalysts were downselected for phase 2. Phase 2--Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) Fabrication and Testing. Laboratory scale catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) were fabricated and tested using the down-selected membranes and catalysts. The catalysts and high temperature membrane CCMs were tested and optimized. Phase 3--Multi-cell stack fabrication. Full-size CCMs with the down-selected and optimized high temperature membrane and catalyst were fabricated. The catalyst membrane assemblies were tested in full size cells and multi-cell stack.
Protsailo, Lesia
High Temperature Cements | Open Energy Information
High Temperature Cements High Temperature Cements Jump to: navigation, search Geothermal ARRA Funded Projects for High Temperature Cements Loading map... {"format":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"limit":200,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"\u2026 further results","default":"","geoservice":"google","zoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","forceshow":true,"showtitle":true,"hidenamespace":false,"template":false,"title":"","label":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"locations":[{"text":"
Initial stages of high temperature metal oxidation
The application of XPS and UPS to the study of the initial stages of high temperature (> 350/sup 0/C) electrochemical oxidation of iron and nickel is discussed. In the high temperature experiments, iron and nickel electrodes were electrochemically oxidized in contact with a solid oxide electrolyte in the uhv system. The great advantages of this technique are that the oxygen activity at the interface may be precisely controlled and the ability to run the reactions in uhv allows the simultaneous observation of the reactions by XPS.
Yang, C.Y.; O'Grady, W.E.
Fusion blanket high-temperature heat transfer
Deep penetration of 14 MeV neutrons makes two-temperature region blankets feasible. A relatively low-temperature (approx. 300/sup 0/C) metallic structure is the vacuum/coolant pressure boundary, while the interior of the blanket, which is a simple packed bed of nonstructural material, operates at very high temperatures (>1000/sup 0/C). The water-cooled shell structure is thermally insulated from the steam-cooled interior. High-temperature steam can dramatically increase the efficiency of electric power generation, as well as produce hydrogen and oxygen-based synthetic fuels at high-efficiency.
Fillo, J.A.
High temperature crystalline superconductors from crystallized glasses
A method of preparing a high temperature superconductor from an amorphous phase. The method involves preparing a starting material of a composition of Bi.sub.2 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.3 Cu.sub.4 Ox or Bi.sub.2 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.4 Cu.sub.5 Ox, forming an amorphous phase of the composition and heat treating the amorphous phase for particular time and temperature ranges to achieve a single phase high temperature superconductor.
Shi, Donglu (Downers Grove, IL)
Prototype dish testing and analysis at Sandia National Laboratories
During the past year, Sandia National Laboratories performed on-sun testing of several dish concentrator concepts. These tests were undertaken at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF). Two of the tests were performed in support of the DOE Concentrator Receiver Development Program. The first was on-sun testing of the single-element stretched-membrane dish; this 7-meter diameter dish uses a single preformed metal membrane with an aluminized polyester optical surface and shows potential for future dish-Stirling systems. The next involved two prototype facets from the Faceted Stretched-Membrane Dish Program. These facets, representing competitive design concepts, are closest to commercialization. Five 1-meter triangular facets were tested on-sun as part of the development program for a solar dynamic system on Space Station Freedom. While unique in character, all the tests utilized the Beam Characterization System (BCS) as the main measurement tool and all were analyzed using the Sandia-developed CIRCE2 computer code. The BCS is used to capture and digitize an image of the reflected concentrator beam that is incident on a target surface. The CIRCE2 program provides a computational tool, which when given the geometry of the concentrator and target as well as other design parameters will predict the flux distribution of the reflected beam. One of these parameters, slope error, is the variable that has a major effect in determining the quality of the reflected beam. The methodology used to combine these two tools to predict uniform slope errors for the dishes is discussed in this document. As the Concentrator Development Programs continue, Sandia will test and evaluate two prototype dish systems. The first, the faceted stretched-membrane dish, is expected to be tested in 1992, followed by the full-scale single-element stretched-membrane dish in 1993. These tests will use the tools and methodology discussed in this document. 14 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Grossman, J.W.; Houser, R.M.; Erdman, W.W.
Safety Issues for High Temperature Gas Reactors
Safety Issues for High Temperature Gas Reactors Andrew C. Kadak Professor of the Practice #12;Major regulation) 50mSv/a (Could be exceeded for rear recovery events) 50 mSv/a 20 mSv/a (average 5 y) (5 m performance of safety systems - natural circulation - heat conduction and convection. #12;Issues · Fuel
High temperature ceramic/metal joint structure
Live Work with High Temperature Conductors
This report examines issues that may arise when live work is undertaken on conductors that operate at high temperatures (HT conductors) and provides the results from selected tests on the temperature levels reached by tools in contact with hot conductors. It also discusses possible concerns that may arise during de-energized work on lines that use HT conductors.
High temperature spectral gamma well logging
A high temperature spectral gamma tool has been designed and built for use in small-diameter geothermal exploration wells. Several engineering judgments are discussed regarding operating parameters, well model selection, and signal processing. An actual well log at elevated temperatures is given with spectral gamma reading showing repeatability.
Normann, R.A.; Henfling, J.A.
Thermal disconnect for high-temperature batteries
A new type of high temperature thermal disconnect has been developed to protect electrical and mechanical equipment from damage caused by operation at extreme temperatures. These thermal disconnects allow continuous operation at temperatures ranging from 250.degree. C. to 450.degree. C., while rapidly terminating operation at temperatures 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. higher than the continuous operating temperature.
Jungst, Rudolph George (Albuquerque, NM); Armijo, James Rudolph (Albuquerque, NM); Frear, Darrel Richard (Austin, TX)
High Temperature Materials Interim Data Qualification Report
ABSTRACT Projects for the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) Technology Development Office provide data in support of Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensing of the VHTR. Fuel and materials to be used in the reactor are tested and characterized to quantify performance in high temperature and high fluence environments. The VHTR program has established the NGNP Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS) to ensure that VHTR data are qualified for use, stored in a readily accessible electronic form, and analyzed to extract useful results. This document focuses on the first NDMAS objective. It describes the High Temperature Materials characterization data stream, the processing of these data within NDMAS, and reports the interim FY2010 qualification status of the data. Data qualification activities within NDMAS for specific types of data are determined by the data qualification category assigned by the data generator. The High Temperature Materials data are being collected under NQA-1 guidelines, and will be qualified data. For NQA-1 qualified data, the qualification activities include: (1) capture testing, to confirm that the data stored within NDMAS are identical to the raw data supplied, (2) accuracy testing to confirm that the data are an accurate representation of the system or object being measured, and (3) documenting that the data were collected under an NQA-1 or equivalent Quality Assurance program. Currently, data from two test series within the High Temperature Materials data stream have been entered into the NDMAS vault: 1. Tensile Tests for Sm (i.e., Allowable Stress) Confirmatory Testing � 1,403,994 records have been inserted into the NDMAS database. Capture testing is in process. 2. Creep-Fatigue Testing to Support Determination of Creep-Fatigue Interaction Diagram � 918,854 records have been processed and inserted into the NDMAS database. Capture testing is in process.
Nancy Lybeck
Hot Showers, Fresh Laundry, Clean Dishes | Department of Energy
Dishes March 5, 2013 - 11:17am Addthis The GE GeoSpring Electric Heat Pump Water Heater is readily integrated into new and existing home designs. Taking up the same footprint...
Performance of the Southern California Edison Company Stirling dish
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company (MDAC) and United Stirling AB of Sweden (USAB) formed a joint venture in 1982 to develop and produce a Stirling dish solar generating system. In this report, the six year development and testing program continued by the Southern California Edison Company (SCE) is described. Each Stirling dish module consists of a sun tracking dish concentrator developed by the MDAC and a Stirling engine driven power conversion unit (PCU) developed by USAB. The Stirling dish system demonstrated twice the peak and daily solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of any other system then under development. This system continues to set the performance standard for solar to electric systems being developed in the early 1990`s. Test data are presented and used to estimate the performance of a commercial system.
Lopez, C.W. [Southern California Edison Co., Rosemead, CA (United States); Stone, K.W. [Mako Enterprises, Huntington Beach, CA (United States)
Dish/Engine Systems for Concentrating Solar Power
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The dish/engine system is a concentrating solar power (CSP) technology that produces relatively small amounts of electricity compared to other CSP technologies�typically in the range of 3 to 25...
High-Dielectric Constant, High-Temperature Ceramic Capacitors for ...
Growth of Thick, On-Axis SiC Epitaxial Layers by High Temperature Halide CVD for High Voltage Power Devices � High-Dielectric Constant, High-Temperature�...
Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory
ORNL's High Temperature ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: ORNL's High Temperature Materials Laboratory Assists NASCAR Teams on AddThis.com...
High-temperature helium-loop facility
The high-temperature helium loop is a facility for materials testing in ultrapure helium gas at high temperatures. The closed loop system is capable of recirculating high-purity helium or helium with controlled impurities. The gas loop maximum operating conditions are as follows: 300 psi pressure, 500 lb/h flow rate, and 2100/sup 0/F temperature. The two test sections can accept samples up to 3.5 in. diameter and 5 ft long. The gas loop is fully instrumented to continuously monitor all parameters of loop operation as well as helium impurities. The loop is fully automated to operate continuously and requires only a daily servicing by a qualified operator to replenish recorder charts and helium makeup gas. Because of its versatility and high degree of parameter control, the helium loop is applicable to many types of materials research. This report describes the test apparatus, operating parameters, peripheral systems, and instrumentation system.
Tokarz, R.D.
Manufacturing Barriers to High Temperature PEM Commercialization
9/2011 9/2011 1 BASF Fuel Cell, Inc. Manufacturing Barriers to high temperature PEM commercialization 39 Veronica Ave Somerset , NJ 08873 Tel : (732) 545-5100 9/9/2011 2 Background on BASF Fuel Cell BASF Fuel Cell was established in 2007, formerly PEMEAS Fuel Cells (including E-TEK) Product line is high temperature MEAs (Celtec ® P made from PBI-phosphoric acid) Dedicated a new advanced pilot manufacturing facility in Somerset NJ May 2009. Ribbon-cutting hosted by Dr. Kreimeyer (BASF BoD, right) and attended by various US pubic officials including former NJ Governor Jon Corzine (left) 9/9/2011 3 Multi-layer product of membrane (polybenzimidazole and phosphoric acid), gas diffusion material and catalysts Unique characteristics: High operating temperature
Improved Martensitic Steel Improved Martensitic Steel for High Temperature Applications Opportunity Research is active on the patented technology, titled "Heat-Treated 9 Cr-1 Mo Steel for High Temperature Application." This technology is available for licensing and/or further collaborative research from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Overview The operating efficiency of coal-fired power plants is directly related to combustion system temperature and pressure. Incorporation of ultra- supercritical (USC) steam conditions into new or existing power plants can achieve increased efficiency and reduce coal consumption, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions as well as other pollutants. Traditionally used materials do not possess the optimal characteristics for operation
Geochemistry of Aluminum in High Temperature Brines
geothermal industry to predict the chemistry ofthe reservoirs; these calculations will be tested for reliability against our laboratory results and field observations. Moreover, based on the success of the experimental methods developed in this program, we intend to use our unique high temperature pH easurement capabilities to make kinetic and equilibrium studies of pH-dependent aluminosilicate transformation reactions and other pH-dependent heterogeneous reactions.
Benezeth, P.; Palmer, D.A.; Wesolowski, D.J.
Thermal fuse for high-temperature batteries
A thermal fuse, preferably for a high-temperature battery, comprising leads and a body therebetween having a melting point between approximately 400.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. The body is preferably an alloy of Ag--Mg, Ag--Sb, Al--Ge, Au--In, Bi--Te, Cd--Sb, Cu--Mg, In--Sb, Mg--Pb, Pb--Pd, Sb--Zn, Sn--Te, or Mg--Al.
Jungst, Rudolph G. (Albuquerque, NM); Armijo, James R. (Albuquerque, NM); Frear, Darrel R. (Austin, TX)
Establishment of Harrop, High-Temperature Viscometer
This report explains how the Harrop, High-Temperature Viscometer was installed, calibrated, and operated. This report includes assembly and alignment of the furnace, viscometer, and spindle, and explains the operation of the Brookfield Viscometer, the Harrop furnace, and the UDC furnace controller. Calibration data and the development of the spindle constant from NIST standard reference glasses is presented. A simple operational procedure is included.
Schumacher, R.F.
High temperature simulation of petroleum formation
Petroleum formation has been simulated in the laboratory with emphasis on the effects of temperature, mineral catalysis, and starting material structure on the yield and composition of the liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products. In an attempt to prove the hypothesis that petroleum formation can be simulated using high temperatures, Green River Shale from Colorado, USA, was subjected to pyrolysis for 16 hours at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500/sup 0/C. The sequence of products formed over this temperature range was used as the basis for defining five different zones of maturation reaction: 1) a heterobond cracking zone; 2) a labile carbon bond cracking zone; 3) a free radical synthesis zone; 4) a wet gas formation zone; and 5) an aromatization zone. The role of some typical inorganic components of sedimentary rocks in the origin and maturation of petroleum has been investigated using this high temperature model. The importance of the structure of organic matter in petroelum formation has also been investigated using this high temperature model. Lignin and cellulose are poor sources of liquid hydrocarbons, but cellulose in the presence of carbonate gives a high yield of gaseous hydrocarbons. Protein pyrolysis gives a high oil yield with an alkane distribution similar to petroleum. The lipids produced the highest oil yield of the substances tested but the n-alkanes show an odd carbon length predominance unlike the distribution found in petroleum.
Evans, R.J.
SunShot Initiative: Parabolic Trough
development (R&D) in parabolic trough systems as one of four concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies aiming to meet the goals of the SunShot Initiative. Parabolic troughs,...
THE STRUCTURE OF TWO-PARABOLIC SPACE: PARABOLIC DUST AND ITERATION. JANE GILMAN Abstract. A non-elementary M¨obius group generated by two- parabolics is determined up to conjugation by one complex para] to obtain an additional struc- ture for the parameter space, which we term the two-parabolic space
Gilman, Jane
PARABOLIC SCHEMES FOR QUASI-LINEAR PARABOLIC AND HYPERBOLIC PDES VIA STOCHASTIC CALCULUS SEBASTIEN of a unique global strong solution for the parabolic system. We show the existence of a unique local strong not use weak solution theory but recursive parabolic schemes studied via a stochastic approach
AN ABSTRACT APPROACH TO DOMAIN PERTURBATION FOR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS AND PARABOLIC VARIATIONAL Australia Abstract. We study the behaviour of solutions of linear non-autonomous parabolic equations subject of func- tion spaces for non-autonomous parabolic problems is equivalent to Mosco convergence of function
Sydney, University of
SOLAR COOKER UTILIZING SATELLITE DISH TECHNOLOGY Mechanical Engineering Department , Philadelphia University, Amman Jordan, e-mail
SOLAR COOKER UTILIZING SATELLITE DISH TECHNOLOGY A. Saleh1 A. Badran2 1 Mechanical Engineering dishtype solar cooker was built and tested utilizing satellite dish technology. A common satellite-TV dish was utilized as a solar cooker after covering it with a highlyreflective aluminum foil, which
Threshold results for semilinear parabolic systems
A threshold result was proved in this paper for semilinear parabolic system with pure power type nonlinearities
Xie, Qiuyi Dai Haiyang He Junhui
REGULARITY FOR A DOUBLY NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATION JUHA KINNUNEN Abstract. This survey focuses on regularity results for certain degenerate doubly nonlinear parabolic equations in the case when the Lebesgue This note focuses on the regularity of nonnegative weak solutions to the doubly nonlinear parabolic equation
Kinnunen, Juha
Coupled Parabolic Equations for Wave Propagation
Coupled Parabolic Equations for Wave Propagation Kai Huang, Knut Solna and Hongkai Zhao #3; April 30, 2004 Abstract We develop an algorithm using two coupled parabolic equations for numerical simulation of wave propagation over long distances. The coupled parabolic equations are derived from a two
Zhao, Hongkai
The parabolic Mandelbrot set Pascale ROESCH
The parabolic Mandelbrot set Pascale ROESCH (joint work with C. L. PETERSEN, IMFUFA Roskilde) Institute of Mathematics of Toulouse 21 february 2011 Roesch P. (IMT) The parabolic Mandelbrot set 21 february 2011 1 / 94 #12;Consider a rational map of degree d 2 Roesch P. (IMT) The parabolic Mandelbrot
Roesch, Pascale
Parabolic Molecules Philipp Grohs and Gitta Kutyniok
Parabolic Molecules Philipp Grohs and Gitta Kutyniok June 9, 2012 Abstract Anisotropic decompositions using representation systems based on parabolic scaling such as curve- lets or shearlets have of the notion of parabolic molecules, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework which includes customarily
Kutyniok, Gitta
The near parabolic renormalization Inou and Shishikura
The near parabolic renormalization of Inou and Shishikura Arnaud Ch´eritat Institut de Math´ematiques de Toulouse Oberwolfach, April 2008 A. Ch´eritat (IMT) Near parabolic renormalization Oberwolfach, April 2008 1 / 19 #12;1 Renormalization in complex dynamics 2 The parabolic renormalization 3 Near
Chéritat, Arnaud
Degenerate Parabolic Stochastic Partial Differential Equations
Degenerate Parabolic Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Martina Hofmanov´a Abstract. We study the Cauchy problem for a scalar semilinear degenerate parabolic partial differential equation the notion of kinetic solution which is well suited for degenerate parabolic problems and supplies a good
Dish/stirling hybrid-receiver
A hybrid high-temperature solar receiver is provided which comprises a solar heat-pipe-receiver including a front dome having a solar absorber surface for receiving concentrated solar energy, a heat pipe wick, a rear dome, a sidewall joining the front and the rear dome, and a vapor and a return liquid tube connecting to an engine, and a fossil fuel fired combustion system in radial integration with the sidewall for simultaneous operation with the solar heat pipe receiver, the combustion system comprising an air and fuel pre-mixer, an outer cooling jacket for tangentially introducing and cooling the mixture, a recuperator for preheating the mixture, a burner plenum having an inner and an outer wall, a porous cylindrical metal matrix burner firing radially inward facing a sodium vapor sink, the mixture ignited downstream of the matrix forming combustion products, an exhaust plenum, a fossil-fuel heat-input surface having an outer surface covered with a pin-fin array, the combustion products flowing through the array to give up additional heat to the receiver, and an inner surface covered with an extension of the heat-pipe wick, a pin-fin shroud sealed to the burner and exhaust plenums, an end seal, a flue-gas diversion tube and a flue-gas valve for use at off-design conditions to limit the temperature of the pre-heated air and fuel mixture, preventing pre-ignition.
Mehos, Mark S. (Boulder, CO); Anselmo, Kenneth M. (Arvada, CO); Moreno, James B. (Albuquerque, NM); Andraka, Charles E. (Albuquerque, NM); Rawlinson, K. Scott (Albuquerque, NM); Corey, John (Melrose, NY); Bohn, Mark S. (Golden, CO)
Live Working Tools for High Temperature Conductors
In long-duration (several days) tests, strain link sticks used for live work were removed from service and exposed to conductors operating at high temperature of about 250-260C. Only strain link sticks were tested to date. Results obtained do not indicate damage or deterioration of the tested sticks. The research is a joint effort between project 35.010 Live Working Research for Overhead Transmission Equipment, Techniques, Procedures and Protective Grounding and project 35.015 Advanced Conductors to inve...
High-temperature directional drilling turbodrill
The development of a high-temperature turbodrill for directional drilling of geothermal wells in hard formations is summarized. The turbodrill may be used for straight-hole drilling but was especially designed for directional drilling. The turbodrill was tested on a dynamometer stand, evaluated in laboratory drilling into ambient temperature granite blocks, and used in the field to directionally drill a 12-1/4-in.-diam geothermal well in hot 200/sup 0/C (400/sup 0/F) granite at depths to 10,5000 ft.
Neudecker, J.W.; Rowley, J.C.
Plane and parabolic solar panels
We present a plane and parabolic collector that absorbs radiant energy and transforms it in heat. Therefore we have a panel to heat water. We study how to increment this capture of solar beams onto the panel in order to increase its efficiency in heating water.
J. H. O. Sales; A. T. Suzuki
Parabolic tapers for overmoded waveguides
A waveguide taper with a parabolic profile, in which the distance along the taper axis varies as the square of the tapered dimension, provides less mode conversion than equal length linear tapers and is easier to fabricate than other non-linear tapers.
Doane, J.L.
Sales, J H O
New Waste Calciner High Temperature Operation
A new Calciner flowsheet has been developed to process the sodium-bearing waste (SBW) in the INTEC Tank Farm. The new flowsheet increases the normal Calciner operating temperature from 500 C to 600 C. At the elevated temperature, sodium in the waste forms stable aluminates, instead of nitrates that melt at calcining temperatures. From March through May 2000, the new high-temperature flowsheet was tested in the New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) Calciner. Specific test criteria for various Calciner systems (feed, fuel, quench, off-gas, etc.) were established to evaluate the long-term operability of the high-temperature flowsheet. This report compares in detail the Calciner process data with the test criteria. The Calciner systems met or exceeded all test criteria. The new flowsheet is a visible, long-term method of calcining SBW. Implementation of the flowsheet will significantly increase the calcining rate of SBW and reduce the amount of calcine produced by reducing the amount of chemical additives to the Calciner. This will help meet the future waste processing milestones and regulatory needs such as emptying the Tank Farm.
Swenson, M.C.
Hot Showers, Fresh Laundry, Clean Dishes Hot Showers, Fresh Laundry, Clean Dishes Hot Showers, Fresh Laundry, Clean Dishes March 5, 2013 - 11:17am Addthis The GE GeoSpring⢠Electric Heat Pump Water Heater is readily integrated into new and existing home designs. Taking up the same footprint as a traditional 50-gallon tank water heater, the Electric Heat Pump Water Heater uses the existing water heater's plumbing and electrical connections. Credit: GE The GE GeoSpring(tm) Electric Heat Pump Water Heater is readily integrated into new and existing home designs. Taking up the same footprint as a traditional 50-gallon tank water heater, the Electric Heat Pump Water Heater uses the existing water heater's plumbing and electrical connections. Credit: GE To introduce this new electric heat pump water heater, GE ran a memorable ad during the 2010 Winter Olympics featuring snow monkeys enjoying a hot soak. Credit: GE
Technical status of the Dish/Stirling Joint Venture Program
Initiated in 1991; the Dish/Stirling Joint Venture Program (DSJVP) is a 5-year, $17.2 million joint venture which is funded by Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG) of Columbus, Indiana and the United States Department of Energy`s (DOE) Solar Thermal and Biomass Power Division. Sandia National Laboratories administers and provides technical management for this contract on the DOE`s behalf. In January, 1995; CPG advanced to Phase 3 of this three-phase contract. The objective of the DSJVP is to develop and commercialize a 7-kW. Dish/Stirling System for remote power markets by 1997. In this paper, the technical status of the major subsystems which comprise the CPG 7-kW{sub e} Dish/Stirling System is presented. These subsystems include the solar concentrator, heat pipe receiver, engine/alternator, power conditioning, and automatic controls.
Bean, J.R. [Cummins Power Generation, Inc., Columbus, IN (United States); Diver, R.B. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Turbine vane with high temperature capable skins
A turbine vane assembly includes an airfoil extending between an inner shroud and an outer shroud. The airfoil can include a substructure having an outer peripheral surface. At least a portion of the outer peripheral surface is covered by an external skin. The external skin can be made of a high temperature capable material, such as oxide dispersion strengthened alloys, intermetallic alloys, ceramic matrix composites or refractory alloys. The external skin can be formed, and the airfoil can be subsequently bi-cast around or onto the skin. The skin and the substructure can be attached by a plurality of attachment members extending between the skin and the substructure. The skin can be spaced from the outer peripheral surface of the substructure such that a cavity is formed therebetween. Coolant can be supplied to the cavity. Skins can also be applied to the gas path faces of the inner and outer shrouds.
Morrison, Jay A. (Oviedo, FL)
Pressure sensor for high-temperature liquids
A pressure sensor for use in measuring pressures in liquid at high temperatures, especially such as liquid sodium or liquid potassium, comprises a soft diaphragm in contact with the liquid. The soft diaphragm is coupled mechanically to a stiff diaphragm. Pressure is measured by measuring the displacment of both diaphragms, typically by measuring the capacitance between the stiff diaphragm and a fixed plate when the stiff diaphragm is deflected in response to the measured pressure through mechanical coupling from the soft diaphragm. Absolute calibration is achieved by admitting gas under pressure to the region between diaphragms and to the region between the stiff diaphragm and the fixed plate, breaking the coupling between the soft and stiff diaphragms. The apparatus can be calibrated rapidly and absolutely.
Forster, George A. (Westmont, IL)
High-temperature superconducting current leads
Use of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) for current leads to deliver power to devices at liquid helium temperature can reduce refrigeration requirements to values significantly below those achievable with conventional leads. HTS leads are now near commercial realization. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed a sinter-forge process to fabricate current leads from bismuth-based superconductors. The current-carrying capacity of these leads is five times better than that of HTS leads made by a conventional fabrication process. ANL along with Superconductivity, Inc., has developed a 1500 ampere current lead for an existing superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device. With Babcock & Wilcox Company, Argonne is creating 16-kiloampere leads for use in a 0.5 MWh SMES. In a third project Argonne performed characterization testing of a existing, proprietary conduction-cooled lead being developed by Zer Res Corp.
Niemann, R.C.
High Temperature Battery for Drilling Applications
In this project rechargeable cells based on the high temperature electrochemical system Na/beta''-alumina/S(IV) in AlCl3/NaCl were developed for application as an autonomous power source in oil/gas deep drilling wells. The cells operate in the temperature range from 150 C to 250 C. A prototype DD size cell was designed and built based on the results of finite element analysis and vibration testing. The cell consisted of stainless steel case serving as anode compartment with cathode compartment installed in it and a seal closing the cell. Critical element in cell design and fabrication was hermetically sealing the cell. The seal had to be leak tight, thermally and vibration stable and compatible with electrode materials. Cathode compartment was built of beta''-alumina tube which served as an electrolyte, separator and cathode compartment.
Josip Caja
Compliant high temperature seals for dissimilar materials
A high temperature, gas-tight seal is formed by utilizing one or more compliant metallic toroidal ring sealing elements, where the applied pressure serves to activate the seal, thus improving the quality of the seal. The compliant nature of the sealing element compensates for differences in thermal expansion between the materials to be sealed, and is particularly useful in sealing a metallic member and a ceramic tube art elevated temperatures. The performance of the seal may be improved by coating the sealing element with a soft or flowable coating such as silver or gold and/or by backing the sealing element with a bed of fine powder. The material of the sealing element is chosen such that the element responds to stress elastically, even at elevated temperatures, permitting the seal to operate through multiple thermal cycles.
Rynders, Steven Walton (Fogelsville, PA); Minford, Eric (Laurys Station, PA); Tressler, Richard Ernest (Boalsburg, PA); Taylor, Dale M. (Salt Lake City, UT)
Multilayer ultra-high-temperature ceramic coatings
A coated carbon-carbon composite material with multiple ceramic layers to provide oxidation protection from ultra-high-temperatures, where if the carbon-carbon composite material is uninhibited with B.sub.4C particles, then the first layer on the composite material is selected from ZrB.sub.2 and HfB.sub.2, onto which is coated a layer of SiC coated and if the carbon-carbon composite material is inhibited with B.sub.4C particles, then protection can be achieved with a layer of SiC and a layer of either ZrB.sub.2 and HfB.sub.2 in any order.
Loehman, Ronald E. (Albuquerque, NM); Corral, Erica L. (Tucson, AZ)
Precision control of high temperature furnaces
It is an object of the present invention to provide precision control of high temperature furnaces. It is another object of the present invention to combine the power of two power supplies of greatly differing output capacities in a single furnace. This invention combines two power supplies to control a furnace. A main power supply heats the furnace in the traditional manner, while the power from the auxiliary supply is introduced as a current flow through charged particles existing due to ionized gas or thermionic emission. The main power supply provides the bulk heating power and the auxiliary supply provides a precise and fast power source such that the precision of the total power delivered to the furnace is improved. Further, this invention comprises a means for high speed measurement of temperature of the process by the method of measuring the amount of current flow in a deliberately induced charged particle current.
Pollock, G.G.
High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) - PSD Directorate
filler A National Resource for Collaborative Materials Research The High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) User Program is on hiatus due to federal budget reductions. However, research projects at the HTML still may be conducted on a cost-recovery basis through the Work for Others (WFO) Program or under a Cooperative R&D Agreement (CRADA). Dr. Edgar Lara-Curzio, HTML Director Tel: 865.574.1749 Fax: 865.574.4913 firstname.lastname@example.com Christine Goudy, Administrative Specialist Tel: 865.574.8295 Fax: 865.574.4913 firstname.lastname@example.com Oak Ridge National Laboratory [MST Home] [ORNL Home] [Site Index] [Search][Disclaimer] [Webmaster] Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a national multi-program research and development facility managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy
Superconductivity Program Overview High-Temperature Superconductivity
SuperconducTiviTy program haS Three FocuS areaS: SuperconducTiviTy program haS Three FocuS areaS: SuperconducTiviTy applicaTionS Developing HTS-based electric power equipment such as transmission and distribution cables and fault current limiters Second-generaTion Wire developmenT Developing high-performance, low-cost, second- generation HTS wire at long lengths STraTegic reSearch Supporting fundamental research activities to better understand relationships between the microstructure of HTS materials and their ability to carry large electric currents over long lengths Superconductivity Program Overview High-Temperature Superconductivity for Electric Systems Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability www.oe.energy.gov Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, OE-1 U.S. Department of Energy - 1000 Independence Avenue, SW - Washington, DC 20585
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group
9 High Temperature 9 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives to someone by E-mail Share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Facebook Tweet about Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Twitter Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Google Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Delicious Rank Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Digg Find More places to share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2009 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on AddThis.com...
High Temperature Integrated Thermoelectric Ststem and Materials
The final goal of this project is to produce, by the end of Phase II, an all ceramic high temperature thermoelectric module. Such a module design integrates oxide ceramic n-type, oxide ceramic p-type materials as thermoelectric legs and oxide ceramic conductive material as metalizing connection between n-type and p-type legs. The benefits of this all ceramic module are that it can function at higher temperatures (> 700 C), it is mechanically and functionally more reliable and it can be scaled up to production at lower cost. With this all ceramic module, millions of dollars in savings or in new opportunities recovering waste heat from high temperature processes could be made available. A very attractive application will be to convert exhaust heat from a vehicle to reusable electric energy by a thermoelectric generator (TEG). Phase I activities were focused on evaluating potential n-type and p-type oxide compositions as the thermoelectric legs. More than 40 oxide ceramic powder compositions were made and studied in the laboratory. The compositions were divided into 6 groups representing different material systems. Basic ceramic properties and thermoelectric properties of discs sintered from these powders were measured. Powders with different particles sizes were made to evaluate the effects of particle size reduction on thermoelectric properties. Several powders were submitted to a leading thermoelectric company for complete thermoelectric evaluation. Initial evaluation showed that when samples were sintered by conventional method, they had reasonable values of Seebeck coefficient but very low values of electrical conductivity. Therefore, their power factors (PF) and figure of merits (ZT) were too low to be useful for high temperature thermoelectric applications. An unconventional sintering method, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was determined to produce better thermoelectric properties. Particle size reduction of powders also was found to have some positive benefits. Two composition systems, specifically 1.0 SrO - 0.8 x 1.03 TiO2 - 0.2 x 1.03 NbO2.5 and 0.97 TiO2 - 0.03 NbO2.5, have been identified as good base line compositions for n-type thermoelectric compositions in future module design. Tests of these materials at an outside company were promising using that company's processing and material expertise. There was no unique p-type thermoelectric compositions identified in phase I work other than several current cobaltite materials. Ca3Co4O9 will be the primary p-type material for the future module design until alternative materials are developed. BaTiO3 and rare earth titanate based dielectric compositions show both p-type and n-type behavior even though their electrical conductivities were very low. Further research and development of these materials for thermoelectric applications is planned in the future. A preliminary modeling and optimization of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that uses the n-type 1.0 SrO - 1.03 x 0.8 TiO2 - 1.03 x 0.2 NbO2.5 was performed. Future work will combine development of ceramic powders and manufacturing expertise at TAM, development of SPS at TAM or a partner organization, and thermoelectric material/module testing, modeling, optimization, production at several partner organizations.
Mike S. H. Chu
Performance and Reliability of Multijunction III-V Modules for Concentrator Dish and Central Receiver Applications
Over the last 15 years, Solar Systems have developed a dense array receiver PV technology for 500X concentrator reflective dish applications. This concentrator PV technology has been successfully deployed at six different locations in Australia, counting for more than 1 MWp of installed peak power. A new Multijunction III-V receiver to replace the current silicon Point-Contact solar cells has recently been developed. The new receiver technology is based on high-efficiency (>32%) Concentrator Ultra Triple Junction (CUTJ) solar cells from Spectrolab, resulting in system power and energy performance improvement of more than 50% compared to the silicon cells. The 0.235 m{sup 2} concentrator PV receiver, designed for continuous 500X operation, is composed of 64 dense array modules, and made of series and parallel-connected solar cells, totaling approximately 1,500 cells. The individual dense array modules have been tested under high intensity pulsed light, as well as with concentrated sunlight at the Solar Systems research facility and at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's High Flux Solar Furnace. The efficiency of the dense array modules ranges from 30% to 36% at 500X (50 W/cm{sup 2}, AM1.5D low AOD, 21C). The temperature coefficients for power, voltage and current, as well as the influence of Air Mass on the cell responsivity, were measured. The reliability of the dense array multijunction III-V modules has been studied with accelerated aging tests, such as thermal cycling, damp heat and high-temperature soak, and with real-life high-intensity exposure. The first 33 kWp multijunction III-V receiver was recently installed in a Solar Systems dish and tested in real-life 500X concentrated sunlight conditions. Receiver efficiencies of 30.3% and 29.0% were measured at Standard Operating Conditions and Normal Operating Conditions respectively.
Verlinden, P. J.; Lewandowski, A.; Bingham, C.; Kinsey, G. S.; Sherif, R. A.; Laisch, J. B.
High Temperature Fatigue Life of Coated and Uncoated Valve ...
Symposium, Properties, Processing, and Performance of Steels and Ni-Based Alloys for Advanced Steam Conditions. Presentation Title, High Temperature�...
Effect of Environment and Microstructure on the High Temperature ...
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT AND MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE HIGH. TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718. E. Andrieu",. R. Cozar** and A. Pineau".
A Possible Pressure-Induced High-Temperature-Superconducting
... Materials Forensics, Three-dimensional Modeling and Fractal Characterization � Vortex Physics in Oxide and Pnictide High Temperature Superconductors.
WEB RESOURCE: High Temperature Materials 21 Project (Phase 2)
Feb 10, 2007... thermal efficiency of power generation systems and advanced aeroengines. ... SOURCE: Harada, H. "High Temperature Materials 21 Project�...
Improved Growth of High-Temperature Superconductors with ...
Visual Patent Search; Success Stories; News; Events; Electricity Transmission Improved Growth of High-Temperature Superconductors with HF Pressure ...
Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy via High Temperature Electrolysis
This paper presents the technical case for high-temperature nuclear hydrogen production. A general thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production based on high-temperature thermal water splitting processes is presented. Specific details of hydrogen production based on high-temperature electrolysis are also provided, including results of recent experiments performed at the Idaho National Laboratory. Based on these results, high-temperature electrolysis appears to be a promising technology for efficient large-scale hydrogen production.
James E. O'Brien; Carl M. Stoots; J. Stephen Herring; Grant L. Hawkes
High Temperature Interactions of Antimony with Nickel
In this chapter, the surface and bulk interactions of antimony with the Ni-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) will be discussed. High fuel flexibility is a significant advantage of SOFCs, allowing the direct use of fossil and bio fuels without a hydrogen separation unit. Synthesis gas derived from coal and biomass consists of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and steam, but finite amounts of tars and trace impurities such as S, Se, P, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Cl, etc, are also always present. While synthesis gas is commonly treated with a series of chemical processes and scrubbers to remove the impurities, complete purification is not economical. Antimony is widely distributed in coals. During coal gasification antimony is volatilized, such that contact with the SOFC anodes and other SOFC parts, e.g., interconnect, current collecting wires, fuel gas supplying tubing, is most likely. This chapter addresses the following topics: high temperature Ni - Sb interactions; alteration phase, Ni3Sb, Ni5Sb2, NiSb, formation; thermochemical modeling; impact of Sb on the electrocatalytic activity of Ni toward the fuel oxidation and the presence of other impurities (sulfur, in particular); converted anode structural instability during long-term SOFC operation; comparison with nickel heterogeneous catalysts.
Marina, Olga A.; Pederson, Larry R.
High Temperature Borehole Televiewer software user manual
The High Temperature Borehole Televiewer is a downhole instrument which provides acoustic pictures of the borehole walls that are suitable for casing inspection and fracture detection in geothermal wells. The Geothermal Drilling Organization has funded the development of a commercial tool survivable to temperatures of 275{degree}C and pressures of 5000 psi. A real-time display on an IBM-compatible PC was included as part of the development effort. This report contains a User Manual which describes the operation of this software. The software is designed in a menu format allowing the user to change many of the parameters which control both the acquisition and the display of the Televiewer data. An internal data acquisition card digitizes the waveform from the tool at a rate of 100,000 samples per second. The data from the tool, both the range or arrival time and the amplitude of the return signal, are displayed in color on the CRT screen of the computer during the logging operation. This data may be stored on the hard disk for later display and analysis. The software incorporates many features which aid in the setup of the tool for proper operation. These features include displaying and storing the captured waveform data to check the voltage and time windows selected by the user. 17 refs., 28 figs., 15 tabs.
Duda, L.E.
Urania vapor composition at very high temperatures
Due to the chemically unstable nature of uranium dioxide its vapor composition at very high temperatures is, presently, not sufficiently studied though more experimental knowledge is needed for risk assessment of nuclear reactors. We used laser vaporization coupled to mass spectrometry of the produced vapor to study urania vapor composition at temperatures in the vicinity of its melting point and higher. The very good agreement between measured melting and freezing temperatures and between partial pressures measured on the temperature increase and decrease indicated that the change in stoichiometry during laser heating was very limited. The evolutions with temperature (in the range 2800-3400 K) of the partial pressures of the main vapor species (UO{sub 2}, UO{sub 3}, and UO{sub 2}{sup +}) were compared with theoretically predicted evolutions for equilibrium noncongruent gas-liquid and gas-solid phase coexistences and showed very good agreement. The measured main relative partial pressure ratios around 3300 K all agree with calculated values for total equilibrium between condensed and vapor phases. It is the first time the three main partial pressure ratios above stoichiometric liquid urania have been measured at the same temperature under conditions close to equilibrium noncongruent gas-liquid phase coexistence.
Pflieger, Rachel [Institute for Transuranium Elements, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe (Germany); Marcoule Institute for Separation Chemistry (ICSM), UMR 5257, CEA-CNRS-UMII-ENSCM, Bagnols sur Ceze Cedex (France); Colle, Jean-Yves [Institute for Transuranium Elements, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe (Germany); Iosilevskiy, Igor [Joint Institute for High Temperature, Russian Academy of Science, 125412 Moscow (Russian Federation); Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 141700 Moscow (Russian Federation); Extreme Matter Institute (EMMI), 64291 Darmstadt (Germany); Sheindlin, Michael [Institute for Transuranium Elements, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe (Germany); Joint Institute for High Temperature, Russian Academy of Science, 125412 Moscow (Russian Federation)
A Mechanistically Based Model for High Temperature LCF of Ni ...
5. Oxidation was well-represented by parabolic kinetics and an activation energy of 9.6 k-cal/mol. 6. Based on metallographic observations and LCF test results.
THE PARABOLIC-PARABOLIC KELLER-SEGEL SYSTEM WITH CRITICAL DIFFUSION AS A GRADIENT FLOW IN Rd
THE PARABOLIC-PARABOLIC KELLER-SEGEL SYSTEM WITH CRITICAL DIFFUSION AS A GRADIENT FLOW IN Rd , d 3 ADRIEN BLANCHET1 AND PHILIPPE LAURENC¸OT2 Abstract. It is known that, for the parabolic-elliptic Keller for the parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with critical porous-medium type diffusion in dimension Rd , d 3
Parabolic systems and an underlying Lagrangian.
??In this thesis, we extend De Giorgi's interpolation method to a class of parabolic equations which are not gradient flows but possess an entropy functional� (more)
Yolcu, T�rkay
Parabolic Weingarten surfaces in hyperbolic space
A surface in hyperbolic space $\\h^3$ invariant by a group of parabolic isometries is called a parabolic surface. In this paper we investigate parabolic surfaces of $\\h^3$ that satisfy a linear Weingarten relation of the form $a\\kappa_1+b\\kappa_2=c$ or $aH+bK=c$, where $a,b,c\\in \\r$ and, as usual, $\\kappa_i$ are the principal curvatures, $H$ is the mean curvature and $K$ is de Gaussian curvature. We classify all parabolic linear Weingarten surfaces in hyperbolic space.
L�pez, Rafael
Parabolic equations without a minimum principle.
??In this thesis, we consider several parabolic equations for which the minimum principle fails. We first consider a two-point boundary value problem for a one� (more)
Pang, Huadong
Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector.
??Parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) constitute a proven source of thermal energy for industrial process heat and power generation, although their implementation has been strongly� (more)
Brooks, Michael John
Bibliography Parabolic Geometries and Weyl connections Nearly invariant calculus (Wunsch's) nearly invariant calculus for parabolic
Bibliography Parabolic Geometries and Weyl connections Nearly invariant calculus (W¨unsch's) nearly invariant calculus for parabolic geometries Jan Slov´ak Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic joint work;Bibliography Parabolic Geometries and Weyl connections Nearly invariant calculus Structure 1 Bibliography 2
Olver, Peter
ON CARLEMAN ESTIMATES FOR ELLIPTIC AND PARABOLIC OPERATORS. APPLICATIONS TO UNIQUE CONTINUATION AND CONTROL OF PARABOLIC EQUATIONS J´ER ^OME LE ROUSSEAU AND GILLES LEBEAU Abstract. Local and global Carleman and parabolic operators by means of semi-classical microlocal techniques. Optimality results for these estimates
PARABOLIC COMPARISON PRINCIPLE AND QUASIMINIMIZERS IN METRIC MEASURE SPACES JUHA KINNUNEN AND MATHIAS MASSON Abstract. We give several characterizations of parabolic (quasisuper)- minimizers prove a version of com- parison principle for super- and subminimizers on parabolic space-time cylinders
A discrete BGK approximation for strongly degenerate parabolic problems
A discrete BGK approximation for strongly degenerate parabolic problems with boundary conditions F strongly degenerate hyperbolic--parabolic equations with initial boundary condition. We prove a priori -- strongly degenerate parabolic equations -- singular perturbation problems -- BGK models 1 Introduction
A Note on Parabolic Subgroups of a Coxeter Group
The aim of this note is to prove that the parabolic closure of any subset of a Coxeter group is a parabolic subgroup. To obtain that, several technical lemmas on the root system of a parabolic subgroup are established.
Dongwen Qi
Parabolic Deligne-Lusztig varieties
Motivated by the Brou\\'e conjecture on blocks with abelian defect groups for finite reductive groups, we study "parabolic" Deligne-Lusztig varieties and construct on those which occur in the Brou\\'e conjecture an action of a braid monoid, whose action on their $\\ell$-adic cohomology will conjecturally factor trough a cyclotomic Hecke algebra. In order to construct this action, we need to enlarge the set of varieties we consider to varieties attached to a "ribbon category"; this category is a {\\em Garside category}, which plays an important role in our proof, so we devote the first part of our paper to the necessary background on Garside categories.
Digne, Fran�ois
High pressure-high temperature effect on the HTSC ceramics structure and properties
Keywords: high pressures-high temperatures, high temperature superconductors, mechanical properties, structure, superconductive
T. A. Prikhna
Developing ammonia based thermochemical energy storage for dish power plants
. There are three main solar thermal concentrator technologies; central receivers, parabolic troughs temperature in standard reactors. The possibility of operating the ammonia based system using trough- bolic troughs contribute the greatest share of installed capacity, with 354 MWe of natural gas assisted
Fusion reactors-high temperature electrolysis (HTE)
Results of a study to identify and develop a reference design for synfuel production based on fusion reactors are given. The most promising option for hydrogen production was high-temperature electrolysis (HTE). The main findings of this study are: 1. HTE has the highest potential efficiency for production of synfuels from fusion; a fusion to hydrogen energy efficiency of about 70% appears possible with 1800/sup 0/C HTE units and 60% power cycle efficiency; an efficiency of about 50% possible with 1400/sup 0/C HTE units and 40% power cycle efficiency. 2. Relative to thermochemical or direct decomposition methods HTE technology is in a more advanced state of development, 3. Thermochemical or direct decomposition methods must have lower unit process or capital costs if they are to be more attractive than HTE. 4. While design efforts are required, HTE units offer the potential to be quickly run in reverse as fuel cells to produce electricity for restart of Tokamaks and/or provide spinning reserve for a grid system. 5. Because of the short timescale of the study, no detailed economic evaluation could be carried out.A comparison of costs could be made by employing certain assumptions. For example, if the fusion reactor-electrolyzer capital installation is $400/(KW(T) ($1000/KW(E) equivalent), the H/sub 2/ energy production cost for a high efficiency (about 70 %) fusion-HTE system is on the same order of magnitude as a coal based SNG plant based on 1976 dollars. 6. The present reference design indicates that a 2000 MW(th) fusion reactor could produce as much at 364 x 10/sup 6/ scf/day of hydrogen which is equivalent in heating value to 20,000 barrels/day of gasoline. This would fuel about 500,000 autos based on average driving patterns. 7. A factor of three reduction in coal feed (tons/day) could be achieved for syngas production if hydrogen from a fusion-HTE system were used to gasify coal, as compared to a conventional syngas plant using coal-derived hydrogen.
Fillo, J.A. (ed.)
NREL: TroughNet - Parabolic Trough Power Plant Market, Economic...
Parabolic Trough Power Plant Market, Economic Assessment and Deployment Parabolic trough technology is the most commercially mature, large-scale solar power technology in the...
NREL: TroughNet - Parabolic Trough FAQs
Parabolic Trough FAQs Parabolic Trough FAQs Find answers to frequently asked questions about parabolic trough solar technology. Question topics include: Central station solar benefits Economic and environmental benefits Electricity cost Installation and operation Land use Large-scale vs. distributed power Past construction decline Photovoltaics comparison Power plant cost Power plant siting Technology potential Water use Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. How much does a parabolic trough power plant cost? The cost of a parabolic trough power plant depends on many factors such as plant size, whether thermal energy storage is included, and whether the solar field has been enlarged to increase the annual plant capacity factor. Based on these considerations the current capital cost for large
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group
About About Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives to someone by E-mail Share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Facebook Tweet about Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Twitter Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Google Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Delicious Rank Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Digg Find More places to share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2010 High
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group
About About Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives to someone by E-mail Share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Facebook Tweet about Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Twitter Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Google Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Delicious Rank Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Digg Find More places to share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2007 High
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group
About About Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives to someone by E-mail Share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Facebook Tweet about Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Twitter Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Google Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Delicious Rank Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Digg Find More places to share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2005 High
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group
About About Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives to someone by E-mail Share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Facebook Tweet about Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Twitter Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Google Bookmark Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Delicious Rank Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High Temperature Membrane Working Group Meeting Archives on Digg Find More places to share Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2004 High
Analytic Models of High-Temperature Hohlraums
A unified set of high-temperature-hohlraum models has been developed. For a simple hohlraum, P{sub s} = [A{sub s}+(1{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}]{sigma}T{sub R}{sup 4} + (4V{sigma}/c)(dT{sub R}{sup r}/dt) where P{sub S} is the total power radiated by the source, A{sub s} is the source area, A{sub W} is the area of the cavity wall excluding the source and holes in the wall, A{sub H} is the area of the holes, {sigma} is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T{sub R} is the radiation brightness temperature, V is the hohlraum volume, and c is the speed of light. The wall albedo {alpha}{sub W} {triple_bond} (T{sub W}/T{sub R}){sup 4} where T{sub W} is the brightness temperature of area A{sub W}. The net power radiated by the source P{sub N} = P{sub S}-A{sub S}{sigma}T{sub R}{sup 4}, which suggests that for laser-driven hohlraums the conversion efficiency {eta}{sub CE} be defined as P{sub N}/P{sub LASER}. The characteristic time required to change T{sub R}{sup 4} in response to a change in P{sub N} is 4V/C[(l{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}]. Using this model, T{sub R}, {alpha}{sub W}, and {eta}{sub CE} can be expressed in terms of quantities directly measurable in a hohlraum experiment. For a steady-state hohlraum that encloses a convex capsule, P{sub N} = {l_brace}(1{minus}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub W}+A{sub H}+[(1{minus}{alpha}{sub C})(A{sub S}+A{sub W}{alpha}{sub W})A{sub C}/A{sub T}]{r_brace}{sigma}T{sub RC}{sup 4} where {alpha}{sub C} is the capsule albedo, A{sub C} is the capsule area, A{sub T} {triple_bond} (A{sub S}+A{sub W}+A{sub H}), and T{sub RC} is the brightness temperature of the radiation that drives the capsule. According to this relation, the capsule-coupling efficiency of the baseline National-Ignition-Facility (NIF) hohlraum is 15% higher than predicted by previous analytic expressions. A model of a hohlraum that encloses a z pinch is also presented.
Stygar, W.A.; Olson, R.E.; Spielman, R.B.; Leeper, R.J.
A parametric study of the impact of various error contributions on the flux distribution of a solar dish concentrator.
Dish concentrators can produce highly concentrated flux for the operation of an engine, a chemical process, or other energy converter. The high concentration allows a small aperture to control thermal losses, and permits high temperature processes at the focal point. A variety of optical errors can influence the flux pattern both at the aperture and at the absorber surface. Impacts of these errors can be lost energy (intercept losses), aperture compromise (increased size to accommodate flux), high peak fluxes (leading to part failure or life reduction), and improperly positioned flux also leading to component failure. Optical errors can include small scale facet errors ('waviness'), facet shape errors, alignment (facet pointing) errors, structural deflections, and tracking errors. The errors may be random in nature, or may be systematic. The various sources of errors are often combined in a 'root-mean-squared' process to present a single number as an 'error budget'. However, this approach ignores the fact that various errors can influence the performance in different ways, and can mislead the designer, leading to component damage in a system or poor system performance. In this paper, we model a hypothetical radial gore dish system using Sandia's CIRCE2 optical code. We evaluate the peak flux and incident power through the aperture and onto various parts of the receiver cavity. We explore the impact of different error sources on the character of the flux pattern, and demonstrate the limitations of lumping all of the errors into a single error budget.
Yellowhair, Julius; Iverson, Brian D.; Andraka, Charles E.
First high-temperature electronics products survey 2005.
On April 4-5, 2005, a High-Temperature Electronics Products Workshop was held. This workshop engaged a number of governmental and private industry organizations sharing a common interest in the development of commercially available, high-temperature electronics. One of the outcomes of this meeting was an agreement to conduct an industry survey of high-temperature applications. This report covers the basic results of this survey.
Normann, Randy Allen
Hydrogen production from fusion reactors coupled with high temperature electrolysis
An initial study was conducted on a fusion reactor and high temperature electrolyzer system for the production of synthetic fuel. The design temperatures in the fusion reactor blanket were above 1380/sup 0/C. Electrolytic hydrogen production at the high temperatures consumes a high ratio of thermal to electric energy and increases the efficiency of the plant and an overall efficiency of approximately 50% appeared possible. The concepts of the system and the design considerations of the high temperature electrolyzer will be presented.
Isaacs, H.S.; Fillo, J.A.; Dang, V.; Powell, J.R.; Steinberg, M.; Salzano, F.; Benenati, R.
Scaling Studies for High Temperature Test Facility and Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor
The Oregon State University (OSU) High Temperature Test Facility (HTTF) is an integral experimental facility that will be constructed on the OSU campus in Corvallis, Oregon. The HTTF project was initiated, by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), on September 5, 2008 as Task 4 of the 5-year High Temperature Gas Reactor Cooperative Agreement via NRC Contract 04-08-138. Until August, 2010, when a DOE contract was initiated to fund additional capabilities for the HTTF project, all of the funding support for the HTTF was provided by the NRC via their cooperative agreement. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began their involvement with the HTTF project in late 2009 via the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project. Because the NRC's interests in HTTF experiments were only centered on the depressurized conduction cooldown (DCC) scenario, NGNP involvement focused on expanding the experimental envelope of the HTTF to include steady-state operations and also the pressurized conduction cooldown (PCC).
Richard R. Schult; Paul D. Bayless; Richard W. Johnson; James R. Wolf; Brian Woods
High Temperature Modules and Materials for Thermoelectric Power ...
We fabricated oxide-based thermoelectric modules for high temperature electrical-power generation. Potentials for a development of a thermoelectric generation�...
Environmental Degradation and Protection of High Temperature Alloys
Scope, Nickel-base superalloys and other high temperature alloys have been successfully used in turbine engine propulsion, power generation and many other�...
Evaluation of High-Temperature Alloys for Helium Gas Turbines
C. 1. Mechanical Property / Status of Metallic Materials Development for Application in Advanced High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor / Material
Wolfgang Jakobeit; J�rn-Peter Pfeifer; Georg Ullrich
High-Temperature Reactor for Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ...
High-Temperature Reactor for Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy Note: The technology described above is an early stage ...
High Temperature Fatigue Behavior of Laser Shock Peened ...
Presentation Title, High Temperature Fatigue Behavior of Laser Shock Peened IN718Plus Superalloy. Author(s), Vibhor Chaswal, S R Mannava, Dong Qian,�...
2nd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical ...
Aug 2, 2010... with reduced energy consumption and reduced emission of pollutants. ... A Breakthrough Application of Electricity at High Temperature for�...
High Temperature Stainless Steel Alloy with Low Cost Manganese
High Temperature Stainless Steel Alloy with Low Cost Manganese ... ��Power industry components such as boiler tubing and piping, pressure vessels, chemical
Creep Behavior of High Temperature Alloys for Intermediate Heat ...
Presentation Title, Creep Behavior of High Temperature Alloys for Intermediate Heat Exchanger in Next Generation Nuclear Plant. Author(s), Xingshuo Wen,�...
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - High-temperature Superconductor...
evidence yet that a puzzling gap in the electronic structures of some high-temperature superconductors could indicate a new phase of matter. Understanding this "pseudogap" has...
High Temperature Universal Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Gate Drive
higher current drive, on-chip regulation capacitors, and more space efficient and robust on-chip layout. ... �Development of high temperature galvanic isolation
High-temperature Foam-reinforced Thermal Insulation
Symposium, Advanced Materials for Harsh Environments. Presentation Title, High-temperature Foam-reinforced Thermal Insulation. Author(s), Jacob J. Stiglich,�...
High-temperature Material Systems for Energy Conversion and ...
Ionic Solid Oxides for High Temperature Optical Gas Sensing in Fossil Fuel Based Power Plants � Mitigation of Chromium Poisoning in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
High-Temperature Lead-Free Solder Alternatives: Possibilities and ...
The development of high-temperature lead-free solders has become an important issue for both the electronics and automobile industries because of the health�...
High-temperature Erosion Behavior of Aluminide-coated Turbine ...
The high-temperature erosion behavior of an aluminide-coated turbine blade ... The Tensile Property Of A Gas Turbine Engine Fan Blade And Casing Material.
Direct Fired Reciprocating Engine and Bottoming High Temperature...
exhaust is split between fuel feeds and air feeds to the high temperature fuel cell. NOX reduction can be achieved using an autothermal reformer. By hybridizing the production...
Available Technologies: High Temperature Strain Cell for X-ray ...
High Temperature Strain Cell for X-ray ... Six hexapole infrared lamps focus inside the sample chamber onto a ceramic material sample with a spherical ...
Advanced High Temperature Corrosion and Wear Resistant Internal ...
Presentation Title, Advanced High Temperature Corrosion and Wear Resistant Internal Coating for Oil Industry applications. Author(s), William Boardman, Rahul �...
Processing of High-temperature Structural Materials I
Subsurface Alloy Microstructural Changes During High Temperature Reaction of Fe-Cr Alloys in CO2: David Young1; Thuan Nguyen1; Jianqiang Zhang1;�...
Creep Behavior of High Temperature Alloys for Generation IV ...
Presentation Title, Creep Behavior of High Temperature Alloys for Generation IV Nuclear Power Plant Applications. Author(s), Xingshuo Wen, Laura J. Carroll,�...
Ionic Solid Oxides for High Temperature Optical Gas Sensing in ...
Presentation Title, Ionic Solid Oxides for High Temperature Optical Gas Sensing in Fossil Fuel Based Power Plants. Author(s), Junhang Dong, Xiling Tang, Kurtis �...
Corrosion of Candidate Alloys in High Temperature Supercritical
Materials corrosion in high temperature supercritical CO2 will be an important consideration for this application. The results of corrosion evaluations of a wide�...
Fracturing fluid high-temperature breaker for improving well performance
Oxidative breakers are currently being used in fracturing treatments to reduce polymeric gel damage in high-temperature reservoirs. Dissolved high-temperature oxidative breakers are very reactive at high temperatures (275 to 350 F), typically requiring less than 0.25 lbm/1,000 gal of fluid. Recent introduction of a new nonpersulfate oxidative high-temperature encapsulated breaker (HTEB) provides controlled degradation of the fracturing fluid polymers. Laboratory tests show viscosity reduction and delayed release of active oxidizer breaker. HTEB conductivity data show a two-fold increase in retained permeability at 300 F in a borate-crosslinked fluid system.
McConnell, B.
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: 2006 High Temperature Membrane...
Systems for High Temperature, Low Relative Humidity Polymer-Type Membranes, Andrew Herring, Colorado School of Mines (PDF 213 KB) Design and Development of High-Performance...
QED with a parabolic mirror
We investigate the quantum electrodynamics of a single two-level atom located at the focus of a parabolic cavity. We first work out the modifications of the spontaneous emission induced by the presence of this boundary in the optical regime, where the dipole and the rotating-wave approximations apply. Furthermore, the single-photon state that leaves the cavity asymptotically is determined. The corresponding time-reversed single-photon quantum state is capable of exciting the atom in this extreme multimode scenario with near-unit probability. Using semiclassical methods, we derive a photon-path representation for the relevant transition amplitudes and show that it constitutes a satisfactory approximation for a wide range of wavelengths.
G. Alber; J. Z. Bern�d; M. Stobi?ska; L. L. S�nchez-Soto; G. Leuchs
An updated reference design for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plant for hydrogen production has been developed. The HTE plant is powered by a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) whose configuration and operating conditions are based on the latest design parameters planned for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). The current HTGR reference design specifies a reactor power of 600 MWt, with a primary system pressure of 7.0 MPa, and reactor inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of 322�C and 750�C, respectively. The reactor heat is used to produce heat and electric power to the HTE plant. A Rankine steam cycle with a power conversion efficiency of 44.4% was used to provide the electric power. The electrolysis unit used to produce hydrogen includes 1.1 million cells with a per-cell active area of 225 cm2. The reference hydrogen production plant operates at a system pressure of 5.0 MPa, and utilizes a steam-sweep system to remove the excess oxygen that is evolved on the anode (oxygen) side of the electrolyzer. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the higher heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 42.8% at a hydrogen production rate of 1.85 kg/s (66 million SCFD) and an oxygen production rate of 14.6 kg/s (33 million SCFD). An economic analysis of this plant was performed with realistic financial and cost estimating The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a competitive cost. A cost of $3.03/kg of hydrogen was calculated assuming an internal rate of return of 10% and a debt to equity ratio of 80%/20% for a reactor cost of $2000/kWt and $2.41/kg of hydrogen for a reactor cost of $1400/kWt.
M. G. McKellar; E. A. Harvego; A. M. Gandrik
S-Parabolic manifolds A. Aytuna and A. Sadullaev
S-Parabolic manifolds A. Aytuna and A. Sadullaev Abstract. A Stein manifold is called S parabolic. If a continuous special plurisubharmonic exits then we will call the manifold S parabolic: In one dimensional case of dimension n is called S parabolic in case there exits a special plurisubharmonic function 2 PSH (X
Yanikoglu, Berrin
ERGODIC THEORY OF PARABOLIC HORSESHOES MARIUSZ URBA´NSKI AND CHRISTIAN WOLF Abstract. In this paper parabolic fixed point and possibly also on Ws (). We call f a parabolic horseshoe map. In order to analyze of an embedded parabolic iterated function system and to apply the developed theory of the symbolic -finite
Urbanski, Mariusz
ERGODIC THEORY OF PARABOLIC HORSESHOES MARIUSZ URBA´NSKI AND CHRISTIAN WOLF Abstract. In this paper parabolic fixed point and possibly also on Ws (). We call f a parabolic horseshoe map. In order to analyze the pressure function to the pressure of an embedded parabolic iterated function system and to apply
Wolf, Christian
PARABOLIC RAYNAUD BUNDLES INDRANIL BISWAS AND GEORG HEIN Abstract. Let X be an irreducible smooth and N 2 a fixed integer. For any pair (r, d) N �? 1 N Z, there exists a parabolic vector bundle Rr,d, on X, with parabolic structure over S and all parabolic weights in 1 N Z, that has the following
Hein, Georg
Large-angle Parabolic Equation Methods James T. Kirby*
CHAPTER 32 Large-angle Parabolic Equation Methods James T. Kirby* Large-angle parabolic equation of the parabolic equation method (PEM) to any relevant wave propagation problem implies that a principal is to examine two methods of extending the basic parabolic equation method to include large-angle effects
Kirby, James T.
On a parabolic logarithmic Sobolev inequality H. Ibrahim ,,, R. Monneau
On a parabolic logarithmic Sobolev inequality H. Ibrahim ,,, R. Monneau December 19, 2008 Abstract a parabolic version of the Kozono-Taniuchi inequality by means of anisotropic (parabolic) BMO norm. More precisely we give an upper bound for the L norm of a function in terms of its parabolic BMO norm, up
Monneau, Régis
High Temperature, Buried Permanent Magnet, Brushless DC Motor
A high temperature magnetic bearing system using high temperature permanent magnets from Electron Energy Corporation (EEC) is under development. The system consists of two radial bearings, one thrust bearing, two radial catcher bearings and one motor. The purpose of this research is to develop one of the critical components of the system, namely, the High Temperature Permanent Magnet motor. A novel High Temperature Permanent Magnet (HTPM) Brushless DC(BLDC) motor capable of operating at 1000 degrees F (538 degrees C) is designed. HTPMs developed at Electron Energy Corporation are buried into the rotor. The high temperature motor is designed to produce 5.1kw of power at a top running speed of 20000 rpm. The numerical values of the motor voltage, power and torque output are predicted from calculations of the nonlinear finite element model of the motor. The motor stator is wound, potted, cured and high potential tested at 1000 degrees F. A servo amplifier from Advanced Motion Control is used to drive the high temperature motor. High temperature displacement sensors are set up for sensing the rotor position to form a closed loop motion control. However, the noise problem of the high temperature sensors causes a failure of this approach. An open loop approach is then developed and this approach succeeds in spinning the rotor with the capability of self-starting. The status of the full system assembling is introduced. Some other components of the system are briefly presented.
Zhang, Zhengxin
Hydrogen production from high temperature electrolysis and fusion reactor
Production of hydrogen from high temperature electrolysis of steam coupled with a fusion reactor is studied. The process includes three major components: the fusion reactor, the high temperature electrolyzer and the power conversion cycle each of which is discussed in the paper. Detailed process design and analysis of the system is examined. A parametric study on the effect of process efficiency is presented.
Dang, V.D.; Steinberg, J.F.; Issacs, H.S.; Lazareth, O.; Powell, J.R.; Salzano, F.J.
A 32 m Parabolic Antenna in Peru At 3,370m of Altitude
At the altitude of 3,370 m on the Peruvian Andes, a 32m antenna owned by the telecommunications company Telefonica del Peru will be transformed to a Radio Telescope, it would be transferred to the Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP). The parabolic antenna was constructed in 1984 by Nippon Electric Co. (NEC) and worked as an INTELSAT station until 2000. A team of the National Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) evaluated the antenna in 2003 and reported its availability to be used as a Radio Telescope. In collaboration of the NAOJ a 6.7 GHz receiver is under construction and will be installed within this year. Initially the telescope as a single dish will monitor and survey Methanol Maser of YSO, higher frequencies equipment and VLBI instruments will be considered. The antenna will be managed by the IGP and used by universities in Peru, becoming a VLBI station will be a grate contribution to astronomy and geodetic community.
J. Ishitsuka; M. Ishitsuka; N. Kaifu; S. Miyama; M. Inoue; M. Tsuboi; M. Ohishi; K. Fujisawa; T. Kasuga; K. Miyazawa; S. Horiuchi
Definition: Parabolic trough | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Parabolic trough Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Parabolic trough A solar energy conversion device that uses a trough covered with a highly reflective surface to focus sunlight onto a linear absorber containing a working fluid that can be used to spin a turbine for electricity generation; with a single-axis sun-tracking system, the configuration of a parabolic trough can track the sun from east to west during the day.[1][2][3] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The energy of sunlight which enters the
Rational Approximation for a Quasilinear Parabolic Equation
Approximation theorems, analogous to known results for linear elliptic equations, are obtained for solutions of the heat equation. Via the Cole-Hopf transformation, this gives rise to approximation theorems for a nonlinear parabolic equation, Burgers' equation.
P. M. Gauthier; N. Tarkhanov
Parabolic cylinder functions implemented in Matlab
Routines for computation of Weber's parabolic cylinder functions and their derivatives are implemented in Matlab for both moderate and great values of the argument. Standard, real solutions are considered. Tables of values are included.
E. Cojocaru
Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants
Although many solar technologies have been demonstrated, parabolic trough solar thermal electric power plant technology represents one of the major renewable energy success stories of the last two decades.
Parabolic equations without a minimum principle
In this thesis, we consider several parabolic equations for which the minimum principle fails. We first consider a two-point boundary value problem for a one dimensional diffusion equation. We show the uniqueness and ...
Method for Synthesizing Extremeley High Temperature Melting Materials
The invention relates to a method of synthesizing high-temperature melting materials. More specifically the invention relates to a containerless method of synthesizing very high temperature melting materials such as borides, carbides and transition-metal, lanthanide and actinide oxides, using an Aerodynamic Levitator and a laser. The object of the invention is to provide a method for synthesizing extremely high-temperature melting materials that are otherwise difficult to produce, without the use of containers, allowing the manipulation of the phase (amorphous/crystalline/metastable) and permitting changes of the environment such as different gaseous compositions.
Saboungi, Marie-Louise and Glorieux, Benoit
Advancing the technology base for high-temperature membranes
This is the final report of a two-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This project addresses the major issues confronting the implementation of high-temperature membranes for separations and catalysis. We are pursuing high-temperature membrane systems that can have a large impact for DOE and be industrially relevant. A major obstacle for increased use of membranes is that most applications require the membrane material to withstand temperatures above those acceptable for polymer-based systems. Advances made by this project have helped industry and DOE move toward high-temperature membrane applications to improve overall energy efficiency.
Dye, R.C.; Birdsell, S.A.; Snow, R.C. [and others
High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test
High Temperature High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Six corrosion test facilities and two thermogravimetric systems for conducting corrosion tests in complex mixed gas environments, in steam and in the presence of deposits, and five facilities for metal dusting degradation Bookmark and Share The High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting include: High Pressure Test Facility for Metal Dusting Resistance:
High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell configurations and interconnections
High temperature fuel cell configurations and interconnections are made including annular cells having a solid electrolyte sandwiched between thin film electrodes. The cells are electrically interconnected along an elongated axial outer surface.
Isenberg, Arnold O. (Forest Hills, PA)
Enabling high-temperature nanophotonics for energy applications
The nascent field of high-temperature nanophotonics could potentially enable many important solid-state energy conversion applications, such as thermophotovoltaic energy generation, selective solar absorption, and selective ...
Yeng, YiXiang
Mold, flow, and economic considerations in high temperature precision casting
Casting high temperature alloys that solidify through a noticeable two phase region, specifically platinum-ruthenium alloys, is a particularly challenging task due to their high melting temperature and this necessitates ...
Humbert, Matthew S
Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are needed to maintain the reliability of aging power plants for long term operation. The high temperature transducers are necessary to realize SHM (monitor wall thickness of the pipings
A. Baba; C. T. Searfass; B. R. Tittmann
Ir-based alloys for ultra-high temperature applications ...
Site Map; Printable Version; Share this resource. Send a link to Ir-based alloys for ultra-high temperature applications - Energy Innovation Portalto someone by E-mail
HYFIRE: a tokamak/high-temperature electrolysis system
The HYFIRE studies to date have investigated a number of technical approaches for using the thermal energy produced in a high-temperature Tokamak blanket to provide the electrical and thermal energy required to drive a high-temperature (> 1000/sup 0/C) water electrolysis process. Current emphasis is on two design points, one consistent with electrolyzer peak inlet temperatures of 1400/sup 0/C, which is an extrapolation of present experience, and one consistent with a peak electrolyzer temperature of 1100/sup 0/C. This latter condition is based on current laboratory experience with high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells. Our major conclusion to date is that the technical integration of fusion and high-temperature electrolysis appears to be feasible and that overall hydrogen production efficiencies of 50 to 55% seem possible.
Fillo, J.A.; Powell, J.P.; Benenati, R.; Varljen, T.C.; Chi, J.W.H.; Karbowski, J.S.
Stability and quench protection of high-temperature superconductors
In the design and operation of a superconducting magnet, stability and protection are two key issues that determine the magnet's reliability and safe operation. Although the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is considered ...
Ang, Ing Chea
Toward material-specific simulations of high temperature superconductivity
High temperature superconductors could potentially revolutionize the use and transmission of electric power. This along with intriguing scientific questions have motivated an enormous research effort over the past twenty years, since the discovery of ...
Thomas C. Schulthess
Dual-phase membrane for High temperature CO2 separation
2 CO 2 High temp. membrane for CO 2 removal High Temperature CO 2 Selective Membranes Syngas gas CO 2 enriched gas CO 2 High pressure H 2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 1 10 100...
Electronic properties of doped Mott insulators and high temperature superconductors
High-temperature superconducting cuprates, which are the quintessential example of a strongly correlated system and the most extensively studied materials after semiconductors, spurred the development in the fields of ...
Ribeiro, Tiago Castro
Comparative Assessment of Direct Drive High Temperature Superconductin...
Energy, LLC. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Comparative Assessment of Direct Drive High Temperature Superconducting Generators in Multi-Megawatt Class Wind Turbines B....
Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena in High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Cells
Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high temperature process heat. The overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. An overview of high temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic thermodynamics, experimental methods, heat and mass transfer phenomena, and computational fluid dynamics modeling.
James E. O'Brien
30vol%SiC at Ultra-high Temperatures
Presentation Title, SiC-depletion in ZrB2-30vol%SiC at Ultra-high Temperatures. Author(s), K N Shugart, E. J. Opila. On-Site Speaker (Planned), K N Shugart.
Cryogenic deformation of high temperature superconductive composite structures
An improvement in a process of preparing a composite high temperature oxide superconductive wire is provided and involves conducting at least one cross-sectional reduction step in the processing preparation of the wire at sub-ambient temperatures.
Roberts, Peter R. (Groton, MA); Michels, William (Brookline, MA); Bingert, John F. (Jemez Springs, NM)
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: High Temperature Membrane Working Group
High Temperature Membrane Working Group High Temperature Membrane Working Group The High Temperature Membrane Working Group consists of government, industry, and university researchers interested in developing high temperature membranes for fuel cells. Description Technical Targets Meetings Contacts Description Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells typically operate at temperatures no higher than 60°C-80°C due to structural limitations of the membrane. Operating PEM fuel cell stacks at higher temperatures (120°C for transportation and 150°C for stationary applications), however, would yield significant energy benefits. For example, heat rejection is easier at higher temperatures, which would allow use of smaller heat exchangers in fuel cell power systems. In addition, for reformate fuel cell systems, carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of the stack is less problematic at higher temperatures, which would reduce the size requirements or possibly eliminate the need for some CO clean-up beds in the fuel processor.
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE)
High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) Project Summary Full Title: High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) Project ID: 159 Principal Investigator: Steve Herring Brief Description: A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). A solid-oxide fuel cell model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cell; solid oxide elctrolysis cell; nuclear; model Purpose Assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800 to 900ºC. Performer Principal Investigator: Steve Herring
Computational and Experimental Development of Novel High-Temperature Alloys
Development of Novel High-Temperature Alloys Background The need for fossil-fueled power plants to run cleaner and more efficiently leads toward ever-higher operating temperatures and pressures. Gas turbines, which can be fueled by natural gas, synthetic gas (syngas), or a high-hydrogen stream derived from coal, are critical components in this development. High-temperature operation of turbines is generally achieved by using nickel-chrome superalloys with coatings
Description of a high temperature downhole fluid sampler
Downhole fluid samplers have been used for years with limited success in high temperature geothermal wells. This paper discusses the development and operating principles of a high temperature downhole fluid sampler, reliable at obtaining samples at temperatures of up to 350/sup 0/C. The sampler was used successfully for recovering a brine sample from a depth of 10,200 ft in the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project well.
Solbau, R.; Weres, O.; Hansen, L.; Dudak, B.
Status of the Boeing Dish Engine Critical Component Project
The Boeing Company's Dish Engine Critical Component (DECC) project started in April of 1998. It is a continuation of a solar energy program started by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) and United Stirling of Sweden in the mid 1980s. The overall objectives, schedule, and status of this project are presented in this paper. The hardware test configuration, hardware background, operation, and test plans are also discussed. A summary is given of the test data, which includes the daily power performance, generated energy, working-gas usage, mirror reflectivity, solar insolation, on-sun track time, generating time, and system availability. The system performance based upon the present test data is compared to test data from the 1984/88 McDonnell Douglas/United Stirling AB/Southem California Edison test program. The test data shows that the present power, energy, and mirror performance is comparable to when the hardware was first manufactured 14 years ago.
Brau, H.W.; Diver, R.B.; Nelving, H.; Stone, K.W.
Recent developments: PKI square dish for the Soleras Project
The Square Dish solar collectors are subjected to rigorous design attention regarding corrosion at the site, and certification of the collector structure. The microprocessor controls and tracking mechanisms are improved in the areas of fail safe operations, durability, and low parasitic power requirements. Prototype testing demonstrates performance efficiency of approximately 72% at 730 F outlet temperature. Studies are conducted that include developing formal engineering design studies, developing formal engineering design drawing and fabrication details, establishing subcontracts for fabrication of major components, and developing a rigorous quality control system. The improved design is more cost effective to product and the extensive manuals developed for assembly and operation/maintenance result in faster field assembly and ease of operation.
Rogers, W.E.
High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Materials Degradation: Preliminary Results of Corrosion Tests on Ceramatec Electrolysis Cell Components
Corrosion tests were performed on stainless steel and nickel alloy coupons in H2O/H2 mixtures and dry air to simulate conditions experienced in high temperature steam electrolysis systems. The stainless steel coupons were tested bare and with one of three different proprietary coatings applied. Specimens were corroded at 850�C for 500 h with weight gain data recorded at periodic intervals. Post-test characterization of the samples included surface and cross-section scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and area-specific resistance measurements. The uncoated nickel alloy outperformed the ferritic stainless steel under all test conditions based on weight gain data. Parabolic rate constants for corrosion of these two uncoated alloys were consistent with values presented in the literature under similar conditions. The steel coatings reduced corrosion rates in H2O/H2 mixtures by as much as 50% compared to the untreated steel, but in most cases showed negligible corrosion improvement in air. The use of a rare-earth-based coating on stainless steel did not result in a significantly different area specific resistance values after corrosion compared to the untreated alloy. Characterization of the samples is still in progress and the findings will be revised when the complete data set is available.
Paul Demkowicz; Prateek Sachdev; Kevin DeWall; Pavel Medvedev
Parabolic trough solar collectors : design for increasing efficiency
Parabolic trough collectors are a low cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sunlight onto a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid. The efficiency and cost of the parabolic trough ...
Figueredo, Stacy L. (Stacy Lee), 1981-
Design considerations for parabolic-cylindrical solar collectors
This report presents in some detail the various significant factors which influence the design of parabolic-cylindrical solar collectors.
Treadwell, G.W.
DOE Science Showcase - Understanding High-Temperature Superconductors |
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Understanding High-Temperature Superconductors Understanding High-Temperature Superconductors Credit: DOE Scientists have long worked to understand one of the great mysteries of modern physics - the origin and behavior of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) that are uniquely capable of transmitting electricity with zero loss when chilled to subzero temperatures. For decades there have been competing theories and misunderstandings of how HTS materials actually work and they have remained fundamentally puzzling to physicists. Solving this mystery has the potential to revolutionize the planet's energy infrastructure from generation to transmission and grid-scale storage. Recent technical breakthroughs in this quest are being discovered by DOE scientists and their collaborators. Read about HTS technology, basic
Potential uses for a high-temperature borehole gravimeter
It is possible to design a canister to cool a borehole gravimeter for use in geothermal and high-temperature (up to 350/sup 0/C) gas wells. Repeat surveys with such a gravimeter could (1) help estimate the extent of reservoir plugging in geothermal injection well after one year of operation and (2) detect compaction of a geothermal aquifer if the change in thickness of the aquifer exceeds 1 m. The instrument could be used together with conventional logging tools to evaluate radial dependence of density around a well, or to estimate gas-filled porosity around wells drilled with mud. A high-temperature borehole gravimeter could also be used to evaluate structure and stratigraphy around geothermal and high-temperature gas wells.
Hearst, J.R.; Kasameyer, P.W.; Owen, L.B.
The Northwest Geysers High-Temperature Reservoir- Evidence For Active
Geysers High-Temperature Reservoir- Evidence For Active Geysers High-Temperature Reservoir- Evidence For Active Magmatic Degassing And Implications For The Origin Of The Geysers Geothermal Field Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: The Northwest Geysers High-Temperature Reservoir- Evidence For Active Magmatic Degassing And Implications For The Origin Of The Geysers Geothermal Field Details Activities (2) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Noble gas isotope abundances in steam from the Coldwater Creek field of the Northwest Geysers, California, show mixing between a nearly pure mid-ocean ridge (MOR) type magmatic gas with high 3He/4He and low radiogenic 40*Ar (R/Ra > 8.3 and 40*Ar/4He < 0.07), and a magmatic gas diluted with crustal gas (R/Ra 0.25). The
High-Temperature Downhole Tools | Open Energy Information
Tools Tools Jump to: navigation, search Contents 1 Geothermal Lab Call Projects for High-Temperature Downhole Tools 2 Geothermal ARRA Funded Projects for High-Temperature Downhole Tools Geothermal Lab Call Projects for High-Temperature Downhole Tools Loading map... {"format":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"limit":200,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"\u2026 further results","default":"","geoservice":"google","zoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","forceshow":true,"showtitle":true,"hidenamespace":false,"template":false,"title":"","label":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"locations":[{"text":"
Fabrication and Characterization of Uranium-based High Temperature Reactor
Fabrication and Characterization of Uranium-based High Temperature Reactor Fabrication and Characterization of Uranium-based High Temperature Reactor Fuel June 01, 2013 The Uranium Fuel Development Laboratory is a modern R&D scale lab for the fabrication and characterization of uranium-based high temperature reactor fuel. A laboratory-scale coater manufactures tri-isotropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles (CFPs), state-of-the-art materials property characterization is performed, and the CFPs are then pressed into fuel compacts for irradiation testing, all under a NQA-1 compliant Quality Assurance Program. After fuel kernel size and shape are measured by optical shadow imaging, the TRISO coatings are deposited via fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition in a 50-mm diameter conical chamber within the coating furnace. Computer control of temperature and gas composition ensures reproducibility
Vibration Combined High Temperature Cycle Tests for Capacitive MEMS Accelerometers
In this paper vibration combined high temperature cycle tests for packaged capacitive SOI-MEMS accelerometers are presented. The aim of these tests is to provide useful Design for Reliability information for MEMS designers. A high temperature test chamber and a chopper-stabilized read-out circuitry were designed and realized at BME - DED. Twenty thermal cycles of combined Temperature Cycle Test and Fatigue Vibration Test has been carried out on 5 samples. Statistical evaluation of the test results showed that degradation has started in 3 out of the 5 samples.
Szucs, Z; Hodossy, S; Rencz, M; Poppe, A
Z. Szucs; G. Nagy; S. Hodossy; M. Rencz; A. Poppe
Method for high temperature mercury capture from gas streams
A process to facilitate mercury extraction from high temperature flue/fuel gas via the use of metal sorbents which capture mercury at ambient and high temperatures. The spent sorbents can be regenerated after exposure to mercury. The metal sorbents can be used as pure metals (or combinations of metals) or dispersed on an inert support to increase surface area per gram of metal sorbent. Iridium and ruthenium are effective for mercury removal from flue and smelter gases. Palladium and platinum are effective for mercury removal from fuel gas (syngas). An iridium-platinum alloy is suitable for metal capture in many industrial effluent gas streams including highly corrosive gas streams.
Granite, E.J.; Pennline, H.W.
High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Jump to: navigation, search Geothermal ARRA Funded Projects for High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Loading map... {"format":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"limit":200,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"\u2026
PARABOLIC SUBGROUPS OF GARSIDE GROUPS II : RIBBONS EDDY GODELLE Abstract. We introduce parabolic subgroupoids and provide a groupoid presentation. In order to established the latter result, we subgroups, namely the standard parabolic subgroups, which are the subgroups generated by a subset
PARABOLIC DELIGNE-LUSZTIG VARIETIES. FRANC¸OIS DIGNE AND JEAN MICHEL Abstract. Motivated by the Brou´e conjecture on blocks with abelian defect groups for finite reductive groups, we study "parabolic categories. 1. Introduction In this paper, we study "parabolic" Deligne-Lusztig varieties, one of the main
INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR A QUASILINEAR PARABOLIC SYSTEM IN THREE-PHASE CAPILLARY FLOW problems for a quasi- linear parabolic system motivated by three-phase ow in porous medium in the presence quasilinear parabolic sys- tems of the form (1.1) u t + f(u) x = (B(u)u x ) x ; 0
Convergence properties of the local defect correction method for parabolic
Convergence properties of the local defect correction method for parabolic problems R. Minero , H for parabolic problems presented in [14]. We derive a general expression for the iteration matrix of the method, domain decomposition and regridding. In [14] LDC is generalized to solve parabolic partial differential
Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit
Parabolic PDEs and Deterministic Games Robert V. Kohn
Parabolic PDEs and Deterministic Games Robert V. Kohn Courant Institute, NYU Joint work with Sylvia Serfaty ICIAM07, Zurich, July 2007 Robert V. Kohn Courant Institute, NYU Parabolic PDEs and Deterministic. Kohn Courant Institute, NYU Parabolic PDEs and Deterministic Games #12;Goals and perspective Part 1
Generation of parabolic pulses and applications for optical telecommunications
Generation of parabolic pulses and applications for optical telecommunications Christophe Finot firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Parabolic pulses in optical fibers have stimulated an increasing number of applications. We review amplifiers, optical pulse processing techniques 1. INTRODUCTION Parabolic pulse generation and propagation
Di usive Kinetic Explicit Schemes for Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Systems
Di#11;usive Kinetic Explicit Schemes for Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Systems #3; D. Aregba parabolic systems. These schemes are based on discrete BGK models where both characteristic velocities. Evje and K.H. Karlsen [15] and of M. Espedal and K.H. Karlsen [14]. For the theory of general parabolic
Curvilinear parabolic approximation for surface wave transformation with wavecurrent interaction
Curvilinear parabolic approximation for surface wave transformation with wavecurrent interaction not be an appropriate method for the purpose of simplifying the curvilinear parabolic approximation of the vector form of the wavecurrent equation given by Kirby [Higher-order approximations in the parabolic equation method
Theory of parabolic pulse generation in tapered Anton I. Latkin
Theory of parabolic pulse generation in tapered fiber Anton I. Latkin Institute of Automation and differences between high-power parabolic pulse generation in an active me- dium and in tapered fiber of parabolic pulse generation without an external pump and determine the limita- tions of this approach. © 2007
Turitsyn, Sergei K.
Parabolic surfaces in hyperbolic space with constant Gaussian curvature
Parabolic surfaces in hyperbolic space with constant Gaussian curvature Rafael L´opez firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: hyperbolic space, parabolic surface, Gaussian curvature MSC 2000 subject classification: 53A10, 53C45 Abstract A parabolic surface in hyperbolic space H3 is a surface invariant by a group
López, Rafael
On Parallel Asynchronous HighOrder Solutions of Parabolic PDEs
On Parallel Asynchronous HighOrder Solutions of Parabolic PDEs appeared in Numerical Algorithms Parabolic PDEs. They are asynchronous in the sense that each processor is allowed to advance at its own and synchronous finite difference methods, parabolic finite difference approximations with constant coefficients
Averbuch, Amir
Compound parabolic concentrators for narrowband wireless infrared receivers
Compound parabolic concentrators for narrowband wireless infrared receivers Keang-Po Ho Joseph M and hollow compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs), for use in free-space infrared communication receivers terms: compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs); optical bandpass fil- ters; Monte Carlo ray tracing
Kahn, Joseph M.
Rotational and Parabolic Surfaces in PSL2(R, ) and Applications
Rotational and Parabolic Surfaces in PSL2(R, ) and Applications By Carlos Espinoza Pe~nafiel 1 of either rotational isometries or parabolic isometries, immersed into the homogeneous manifold PSL2(R, ). Also, we give some applications. Keywords. Constant mean curvature. Rotational surfaces. Parabolic
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR THE WIDE-ANGLE `PARABOLIC' EQUATION GEORGIOS AKRIVIS Abstract. We consider a model initial and boundary value problem for the wide-angle `parabolic' equation Lur = icu, the wide-angle `parabolic'equation of underwater acoustics. Given R > 0, µ 0, > 0, , and q real
Akrivis, Georgios
Parabolic resonances and instabilities Vered Rom-Kedara)
Parabolic resonances and instabilities Vered Rom-Kedara) Department of Applied Mathematics 1996; accepted for publication 30 August 1996 A parabolic resonance is formed when an integrable two-degrees-of-freedom d.o.f. Hamiltonian system possessing a circle of parabolic fixed points is perturbed. It is proved
· PARABOLIC WAVE COMPUTATIONS IN NON-ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS By James T. Kirby,1 Associate Member, ASCE ABSTRACT: A recent development of a parabolic equation method for wave prop- agation developed in applying the parabolic equation method (PEM) for surface wave propagation in non
Elastic approximation for a solar parabolic February 29, 2012
Elastic approximation for a solar parabolic trough February 29, 2012 Gang Xiao (University of Nice, France) Abstract For the production of the reective surface of a solar parabolic trough concentrator energy solutions. Introduction A parabolic trough [8] is a concentrating solar thermal energy collector
Abstract. A non-elementary M�bius group generated by twoparabolics is determined up to conjugation by one complex parameter and the parameter space has been extensively studied. In this paper, we use the results of [7] to obtain an additional structure for the parameter space, which we term the two-parabolic space. This structure allows us to identify groups that contain additional conjugacy classes of primitive parabolics, which following [14] we call parabolic dust groups, non-free groups off the real axis, and groups that are both parabolic dust and non-free; some of these contain Z � Z subgroups. The structure theorem also attaches additional geometric structure to discrete and non-discrete groups lying in given regions of the parameter space including a new explicit construction of some non-classical T-Schottky groups. 1.
Jane Gilman
On a parabolic operator of dissipative systems
A parabolic integro differential operator operator L suitable to describe many phenomena in various physical fields,is considered. By means of equivalence between L and the third order equation which describe the evolution inside an exponentially shaped Josephson junction (ESJJ), an asymptotic analysis for (ESJJ) is achieved, evaluating explicitly boundary contributions related to the Dirichlet problem.
Monica De Angelis
Parabolic systems with coupled boundary conditions
We consider elliptic operators with operator-valued coefficients and discuss the associated parabolic problems. The unknowns are functions with values in a Hilbert space $W$. The system is equipped with a general class of coupled boundary conditions of the form $f_{|\\partial\\Omega}\\in \\mathcal Y$ and $\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial \
Stefano Cardanobile; Delio Mugnolo
Thermal-Electric Conversion Efficiency of the Dish/AMTEC Solar Thermal Power System in Wind Condition
The dish/AMTEC solar thermal power system is a newly proposed solar energy utilization system that enables the direct thermal-electric conversion. The performance of the solar dish/AMTEC system in wind condition has been theoretically evaluated in addition ... Keywords: dish/AMTEC solar thermal power system, efficiency, thermal-electric conversion, wind condition
Lan Xiao; Shuang-Ying Wu; You-Rong Li
Numerical modeling of dish-Stirling reflux solar receivers
Using reflux solar receivers to collect solar energy for dish-Stirling electric power generation systems is currently being investigated by several organizations, including Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. In support of this program, Sandia has developed two numerical models describing the energy transfer within and thermal performance of pool-boiler and heat-pipe receivers. Both models are applicable to axisymmetric geometries and they both consider the radiative and convective energy transfer within the receiver cavity, the conductive and convective energy transfer within the receiver cavity, the conductive and convective energy transfer from the receiver housing, and the energy transfer to the receiver working fluid. In these models, the radiative transfer within the receiver is analyzed using a two-band (solar and infrared) net-radiation formulation for enclosure radiation. Empirical convective correlations describe the convective heat transfer from the cavity to the surroundings. The primary difference between the models is the level of detail in modeling the heat conduction through the receiver walls. The more detailed model uses a two-dimensional finite control volume method, whereas the simpler model uses a one-dimensional thermal resistance approach. 20 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Hogan, R.E.
Optical Fiber High Temperature Sensor Instrumentation for Energy Intensive Industries
This report summarizes technical progress during the program �Optical Fiber High Temperature Sensor Instrumentation for Energy Intensive Industries�, performed by the Center for Photonics Technology of the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech. The objective of this program was to use technology recently invented at Virginia Tech to develop and demonstrate the application of self-calibrating optical fiber temperature and pressure sensors to several key energy-intensive industries where conventional, commercially available sensors exhibit greatly abbreviated lifetimes due primarily to environmental degradation. A number of significant technologies were developed under this program, including � a laser bonded silica high temperature fiber sensor with a high temperature capability up to 700�C and a frequency response up to 150 kHz, � the world�s smallest fiber Fabry-Perot high temperature pressure sensor (125 x 20 ?m) with 700�C capability, � UV-induced intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors for distributed measurement, � a single crystal sapphire fiber-based sensor with a temperature capability up to 1600�C. These technologies have been well demonstrated and laboratory tested. Our work plan included conducting major field tests of these technologies at EPRI, Corning, Pratt & Whitney, and Global Energy; field validation of the technology is critical to ensuring its usefulness to U.S. industries. Unfortunately, due to budget cuts, DOE was unable to follow through with its funding commitment to support Energy Efficiency Science Initiative projects and this final phase was eliminated.
Cooper, Kristie L.; Wang, Anbo; Pickrell, Gary R.
High Temperature coatings based on {beta}-NiAI
High temperature alloys are reviewed, focusing on current superalloys and their coatings. The synthesis, characerization, and oxidation performance of a NiAl�TiB{sub 2} composite are explained. A novel coating process for Mo�Ni�Al alloys for improved oxidation performance is examined. The cyclic oxidation performance of coated and uncoated Mo�Ni�Al alloys is discussed.
Severs, Kevin
AC Losses in the New High-Temperature Superconductors
This report addresses the properties of high-temperature ceramic oxide superconductors in low magnetic fields. It discusses ac losses in the superconducting and normal states, the influence of anisotropy, and a database for monitoring advances in superconductivity. The ac losses of the oxide superconductors were found to be excessive.
Electronically conductive ceramics for high temperature oxidizing environments
This invention pertains to a high temperature, ceramic composition having electronic conductivity as measured by resistivity below about 500 ohm-cm, chemical stability particularly with respect to cathode conditions in a molten carbonate fuel cell, and composed of an alkali metal, transition metal oxide containing a dopant metal in the crystalline structure to replace a portion of the alkali metal or transition metal.
Kucera, G.H.; Smith, J.L.; Sim, J.W.
High-temperature seal development for the share receiver
The development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal for the SHARE ceramic dome cavity receiver is reported. The mechanical contact seal which was tested on one-foot diameter silicon carbide ceramic dome hardware at pressure differentials to four atmospheres and dome temperatures to 2200/sup 0/F (1200/sup 0/C) showed negligible leakage at expected receiver operating conditions.
NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING AT HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE JIYONG ZHAOa,�? , WOLFGANG, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA We introduce the combination of nuclear resonant inelastic X the thermal radiation spectra fitted to the Planck radiation function up to 1700 K. Nuclear resonant
Shen, Guoyin
Free energy of Lorentz-violating QED at high temperature
In this paper we study the one- and two-loop contribution to the free energy in QED with the Lorentz symmetry breaking introduced via constant CPT-even Lorentz-breaking parameters at the high temperature limit. We find the impact of the Lorentz-violating term for the free energy and carry out a numerical estimation for the Lorentz-breaking parameter.
M. Gomes; T. Mariz; J. R. Nascimento; A. Yu. Petrov; A. F. Santos; A. J. da Silva
Preparation of high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel element
This invention relates to a method for the preparation of high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel elements wherein uncarbonized fuel rods are inserted in appropriate channels of an HTGR fuel element block and the entire block is inserted in an autoclave for in situ carbonization under high pressure. The method is particularly applicable to remote handling techniques.
Bradley, Ronnie A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Sease, John D. (Knoxville, TN)
The objective of this project was to build a high temperature, cost-effective, logging while drilling (HT-LWD) system with the ability to operate at 175 C with more than 100 hours mean time between failures (MTBF). Such a commercial real-time formation evaluation (FE) system would help operators to drill and produce hydrocarbon resources from moderately deep, hot reservoirs which otherwise might be uneconomic to drill. The project plan was to combine the existing Sperry-Sun high temperature directional and gamma logging system with lower temperature FE sensors which were upgraded to higher temperature operation as part of the project. The project was to be completed in two phases. Phase I included the development of the HT system, building two complete systems, demonstrating operational capability at 175 C and survivability at 200 C in the laboratory, and successfully testing the system in two low temperature field tests. Phase II was to test the system in a well with a bottom hole temperature of 175 C. The high temperature FE sensors developed as part of this project include gamma ray (DGR), resistivity (EWR-Phase 4), neutron (CTN), and density (SLD). The existing high temperature pulser and telemetry system was upgraded to accommodate the data and bandwidth requirements of the additional sensors. Environmental and lifetime testing of system components and modules indicates that system life and reliability goals will be substantially exceeded. The system has performed well in domestic and international high temperature wells (to 175 C). In addition to the sensor modules specified in the project contract, Sperry has now upgraded other system components to higher temperature as well. These include a LWD sonic sensor (BAT), pressure while drilling sensor (PWD), and a more powerful central system controller (CIM).
Ronald L. Spross
High Temperature Superconductivity -- A Joint Feasibility Study for a Power Application with High-Temperature Superconducting Cable by Peco Energy
Practical realization of high temperature superconductivity (HTS) technology is within the electric power industry's reach. This report documents a feasibility study co-sponsored by PECO Energy Company (PECO) to assess a real-world underground transmission application of this technology.
High Temperature Superconductivity -- A Joint Feasibility Study for a Power Application with High-Temperature Superconducting Cable by South Carolina
Practical realization of high temperature superconductivity (HTS) technology is within the reach of the electric power industry. This report documents a feasibility study co-sponsored by South Carolina Electric and Gas Company (SCE&G) to assess a real-world underground transmission application of this technology.
In this paper, we obtain an explicit formula for the Chern character of a locally abelian parabolic bundle in terms of its constituent bundles. Several features and variants of parabolic structures are discussed. Parabolic bundles arising from logarithmic connections form an important class of examples. As an application, we consider the situation when the local monodromies are semi-simple and are of finite order at infinity. In this case the parabolic Chern classes of the associated locally abelian parabolic bundle are deduced to be zero in the rational Deligne cohomology in degrees ? 2.
Jaya Nn Iyer; Carlos T Simpson
Fig. 1. Artist's concept of the 1-D parabolic cylinder reflector. The re-flector has a parabolic shape in the short dimension and a flat profile in
Fig. 1. Artist's concept of the 1-D parabolic cylinder reflector. The re- flector has a parabolic [1]. A stationary linear parabolic reflector with a diameter of 1.6 m and a length of 2 m would
Ruf, Christopher
Growth of Thick, On-Axis SiC Epitaxial Layers by High Temperature ...
... Layers by High Temperature Halide CVD for High Voltage Power Devices ... rate, high temperature process ideally suited for thick epitaxial requirements.
EA-0510: High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Sofc) Generator...
510: High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Sofc) Generator Development Project (METC), Churchill, Pennsylvania EA-0510: High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Sofc) Generator...
??A high temperature/high pressure flow through probe was designed to measure high temperature electrical conductivity of aqueous (aq) dilute electrolyte solutions, an application which can� (more)
Hipple, Sarah
Proposed guidelines for reporting performance of a solar dish/Stirling electric generation system
Experimental performance data from dish/Stirling system testing can be analyzed to generate a system performance model. An approach to developing an experimentally based performance model of a dish/Stirling system is given. Two methods for analyzing the experimental data are described. To provide information that will permit comparison of dish/Stirling systems, it is necessary to define many of the details involved in calculating system performance data such as the net system output and system solar-to-electric efficiency. This paper describes a set of guidelines for these calculations, based on past experience, especially with the Vanguard dish/Stirling system. Also presented are a set of rating conditions at which a maximum value for system efficiency can be calculated. Comparison between systems of their rated peak solar-to-electric efficiency is made possible when these rating conditions are in common use by manufacturers and testing agencies.
Stine, W.B. [California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona, CA (US). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Powell, M.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (US)
Two Phase Transitions Make a High-Temperature Superconductor
Two Phase Transitions Make a High-Temperature Superconductor Print Two Phase Transitions Make a High-Temperature Superconductor Print Superconductivity-conceptually remarkable and practically revolutionary-is a quantum phenomenon in which bound electron pairs flow through a material in perfect synchrony, without friction. Conventional superconducting materials reach this state via a single thermal phase transition at a critical temperature (Tc). It was generally believed that such a picture also applied to the copper oxide (cuprate) superconductors-first discovered 25 years ago and the current record holders for highest Tc. However, three groups of researchers who performed measurements on the same cuprate material recently joined forces to prove that this view is inaccurate. Their work showed that another phase transition actually exists at a higher temperature in the cuprate phase diagram, below which electrons, instead of pairing up, organize themselves in a drastically different way.
Goa, India Permeability of Charnokite Rock at High Temperatures
ABSTRACT: Permeability at high temperature is a very important parameter to be considered for designing underground high level nuclear waste repository (HLW) in rock mass. The surrounding rock mass is exposed to heat radiated by HLW when it is buried underground and development or extension of micro-cracks takes place in the host rock due to rise in temperature. Keeping this in view, the permeability study was conducted for Charnokite rock at high temperatures in the range from room temperature, 30 to 200 o C. The cylindrical rock samples of 36mm diameter and 150mm in length were used as per the required size for the equipment permeameter, TEMCO, USA. Total thirty rock samples were tested at various temperatures using nitrogen gas as fluid. The permeability tests were conducted at confining pressure of around 4MPa in order to simulate the horizontal in situ stress conditions in Charnokite rock at the depth of 400m for construction of HLW repository. 1
R. D. Dwivedi; R. K. Goel; A. Swarup; V. V. R. Prasad; R. K. Bajpai; P. K. Narayan; V. Arumugam
The decreasing availability of fossil fuels emphasizes the need to develop systems which will produce synthetic fuel to substitute for and complement the natural supply. An important first step in the synthesis of liquid and gaseous fuels is the production of hydrogen. Thermonuclear fusion offers an inexhaustible source of energy for the production of hydrogen from water. Processes which may be considered for this purpose include electrolysis, thermochemical decomposition or thermochemical-electrochemical hybrid cycles. Preliminary studies at Brookhaven indicate that high temperature electrolysis has the highest potential efficiency for production of hydrogen from fusion. Depending on design electric generation efficiencies of approximately 40 to 60 percent and hydrogen production efficiencies of approximately 50 to 70 percent are projected for fusion reactors using high temperature blankets.
Fillo, J A; Powell, J R; Steinberg, M
Operating high temperature (1000/sup 0/C) electrolysis demonstration unit
Phase I of the BNL Fusion Synfuel Demonstration Program has been the successful construction and demonstration of a 100-W electrically-heated, high-temperature electrolysis unit operating at a temperature of 1000/sup 0/C. The high-temperature electrolyzer demonstration unit consists of 34 yttria-stabilized zirconia tubes contained in a 15-cm (od), 30-cm long INCONEL pressure vessel. The tubes are 25-cm long (active length), 0.64-cm (od), and coated on the inside with platinum to form the oxygen electrode and coated on the outside with nickel to form the hydrogen electrode. The 1000/sup 0/C steam is raised by electrically heating water. The system is designed to produce approx. 6 cc/s of hydrogen.
Horn, F.L.; Powell, J.R.; Fillo, J.A.
High temperature solar thermal technology: The North Africa Market
High temperature solar thermal (HTST) technology offers an attractive option for both industrialized and non-industrialized countries to generate electricity and industrial process steam. The purpose of this report is to assess the potential market for solar thermal applications in the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. North Africa was selected because of its outstanding solar resource base and the variety of applications to be found there. Diminishing oil and gas resources, coupled with expanding energy needs, opens a large potential market for the US industry. The US high temperature solar trough industry has little competition globally and could build a large market in these areas. The US is already familiar with certain solar markets in North Africa due to the supplying of substantial quantities of US-manufactured flat plate collectors to this region.
Materials Degradation Studies for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Systems
Experiments are currently in progress to assess the high temperature degradation behavior of materials in solid oxide electrolysis systems. This research includes the investigation of various electrolysis cell components and balance of plant materials under both anodic and cathodic gas atmospheres at temperatures up to 850�C. Current results include corrosion data for a high temperature nickel alloy used for the air-side flow field in electrolysis cells and a commercial ferritic stainless steel used as the metallic interconnect. Three different corrosion inhibiting coatings were also tested on the steel material. The samples were tested at 850�C for 500 h in both air and H2O/H2 atmospheres. The results of this research will be used to identify degradation mechanisms and demonstrate the suitability of candidate materials for long-term operation in electrolysis cells.
Paul Demkowicz; Pavel Medvedev; Kevin DeWall; Paul Lessing
Liquid Fuel Production from Biomass via High Temperature Steam Electrolysis
A process model of syngas production using high temperature electrolysis and biomass gasification is presented. Process heat from the biomass gasifier is used to heat steam for the hydrogen production via the high temperature steam electrolysis process. Hydrogen from electrolysis allows a high utilization of the biomass carbon for syngas production. Oxygen produced form the electrolysis process is used to control the oxidation rate in the oxygen-fed biomass gasifier. Based on the gasifier temperature, 94% to 95% of the carbon in the biomass becomes carbon monoxide in the syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). Assuming the thermal efficiency of the power cycle for electricity generation is 50%, (as expected from GEN IV nuclear reactors), the syngas production efficiency ranges from 70% to 73% as the gasifier temperature decreases from 1900 K to 1500 K. Parametric studies of system pressure, biomass moisture content and low temperature alkaline electrolysis are also presented.
Grant L. Hawkes; Michael G. McKellar
NETL: Mercury Emissions Control Technologies - Enhanced High Temperature
Enhanced High Temperature Mercury Oxidation and Enhanced High Temperature Mercury Oxidation and In-Situ Active Carbon Generation for Low Cost Mercury Capture Mercury oxidation phenomenon and the studies of this phenomenon have generally focused on lower temperatures, typically below 650°F. This has been based on the mercury vapor equilibrium speciation curve. The baseline extents of mercury oxidation as reported in the ICR dataset and observed during subsequent tests has shown a tremendous amount of scatter. The objective of this project is to examine, establish and demonstrate the effect of higher temperature kinetics on mercury oxidation rates. Further, it is the objective of this project to demonstrate how the inherent mercury oxidation kinetics can be influenced to dramatically increase the mercury oxidation.
Safeguards Guidance for Prismatic Fueled High Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGR)
5) 5) August 2012 Guidance for High Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGRs) with Prismatic Fuel INL/CON-12-26130 Revision 0 Safeguards-by-Design: Guidance for High Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGRs) With Prismatic Fuel Philip Casey Durst (INL Consultant) August 2012 DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product,
High-Temperature Thermodynamic Data for Species in Aqueous Solution
This report summarizes the results of experimental and theoretical research on the high-temperature thermodynamic properties of aqueous species important to nuclear reactor water chemistry. Methods of predicting thermodynamic functions are presented for electrolytes up to 300 degrees Celsius for use in supplementing experimental data. The report includes tables (up to 300 degrees Celsius) of (1) important equilibrium constants for 78 reactions encountered in corrosion and precipitation in nuclear reactor...
Secret high-temperature reactor concept for inertial fusion
The goal of our SCEPTRE project was to create an advanced second-generation inertial fusion reactor that offers the potential for either of the following: (1) generating electricity at 50% efficiency, (2) providing high temperature heat (850/sup 0/C) for hydrogen production, or (3) producing fissile fuel for light-water reactors. We have found that these applications are conceptually feasible with a reactor that is intrinsically free of the hazards of catastrophic fire or tritium release.
Monsler, M.J.; Meier, W.R.
HTC (High-Temperature Conductor) Matrix: Version 4.1
EPRI�s HTC Matrix software is a Windows application designed to provide the user with quick and directed access to all of the information developed under several EPRI projects investigating the effects of high temperature operation of conductors. The research results have been published in several technical reports.��Benefits & ValueThe user can determine whether a certain type of connectors can be used at a specific ...
Guide for Selection and Application of High-Temperature Conductors
Extensive research has been conducted by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) on high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductors. Much knowledge has been gained on this type of conductor since EPRI initiated its first HTLS conductor research project in 2004. The projects on HTLS conductors completed to date include field demonstration, material study, and short-term to long-term performance evaluations. These projects were conducted under different funding arrangements and were sometimes ...
Thermal Models of Overhead Transmission Lines Operating at High Temperatures
Bare stranded overhead transmission line conductorsreferred to as aluminum conductor steel reinforced ACSRtypically consist of at least two layers of aluminum strands, helically stranded around a core consisting of steel wires. The current that flows through such conductors is located predominantly in the aluminum layers while the steel core provides mechanical strength and limits sag at high temperature. The lack of new line construction combined with the decoupling of transmission from power generatio...
Guide for Operating Overhead Lines at High Temperatures
This Guide assists users in raising the capacities of overhead transmission lines by increasing the conductor temperature. It is based on a wealth of knowledge accumulated from extensive research conducted internally at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), information from manufacturers, and results from research conducted outside of EPRI. The Guide evolved from a collection of numerous EPRI reports published in the past, for example, Effect of High-Temperature Cycling on Conductor Systems (EPRI...
Expansion Joint Concepts for High Temperature Insulation Systems
As high temperature steam and process piping expands with heat, joints begin to open between the insulation sections, resulting in increased energy loss and possible unsafe surface temperatures. Many different expansion joint designs are presently in use for both single and double layer insulation construction. However, due to the installation cost reduction associated with single layer systems and increased thickness capabilities of insulation manufacturers, much attention is being given to utilizing single layer construction as much as possible.
Harrison, M. R.
Ultra high temperature instrumentation amplifier components final report
In order to develop a downhole instrumentation amplifier to support geothermal well logging without thermal protection, all the components required were tested over the temperature range of 25 to 500/sup 0/C. The components tested were ceramic vacuum tubes, resistors, capacitors, insulated hook-up wire, circuit boards, terminals, connectors, feedthroughs, thermal switch, magnet wire, and high temperature coatings and cements. Details of the tests are presented for all components. (MHR)
Kelly, R.D.; Morse, C.P.; Cannon, W.L.
Effect of High Temperature Cycling on Conductor Systems
One of the alternatives for increasing power flow on an existing transmission line is to raise the operating temperature of its conductor. The effects of high operating temperature on the conductor, however, include loss in conductor strength and reduction in conductor clearance to ground. The high temperature also affects the short- and long-term performance of the conductor connections and conductor accessories. All of these effects must be assessed for an overhead line to operate safely and reliably a...
High-temperature hydrothermal systems in West Yunnan Province, China
There are more than 660 thermal springs in West Yunnan Province, 30 of which are high-temperature hydrothermal systems with reservoir temperatures above 150/sup 0/C. All thermal springs in West Yunnan are under the control of tectonics, most of them distributed at anticlinoria of metamorphic rocks and granites. This paper discusses the relationship between thermal areas and tectonics, the correlation between thermal springs in West Yunnan and North Thailand, and the geothermal prospects in West Yunnan.
Laio, Z.; Tong, W.; Liu, S.; Zhao, F.
Accelerated Aging Test of High-Temperature Conductor and Connectors
As part of the research on high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) advanced conductors, this project investigates the long-term performance of commercially available advanced conductors to complement the field demonstration project, which provided information on handling and stringing of these conductors. The report provides preliminary results from the accelerated aging tests conducted on various types of HTLS conductors and their connectors. The objective of the accelerated aging tests is to determine the ...
Sealed glass coating of high temperature ceramic superconductors
A method and article of manufacture of a lead oxide based glass coating on a high temperature superconductor. The method includes preparing a dispersion of glass powders in a solution, applying the dispersion to the superconductor, drying the dispersion before applying another coating and heating the glass powder dispersion at temperatures below oxygen diffusion onset and above the glass melting point to form a continuous glass coating on the superconductor to establish compressive stresses which enhance the fracture strength of the superconductor.
Wu, Weite (Tainan, TW); Chu, Cha Y. (Garnerville, NY); Goretta, Kenneth C. (Downers Grove, IL); Routbort, Jules L. (Darien, IL)
Anode for a secondary, high-temperature electrochemical cell
A high-temperature, secondary electrochemical cell includes an anode containing lithium, an electrolyte containing lithium ions and a cathode containing a chalcogen material such as sulfur or a metallic sulfide. The anode includes a porous substrate formed of, for instance, a compacted mass of entangled metallic fibers providing interstitial crevices for receiving molten lithium metal. The surfaces of the interstitial crevices are provided with a coating of cobalt metal to enhance the retention of the molten lithium metal within the substrate.
Vissers, Donald R. (Naperville, IL); Tani, Benjamin S. (Chicago, IL)
High temperature superconductivity in metallic region near Mott transition
The spin-singlet superconductivity without phonons is examined in consideration of correlations on an extended Hubbard model. It is shown that the superconductivity requires not only the total correlation should be strong enough but also the density of state around Fermi energy should be large enough, which shows that the high temperature superconductivity could only be found in the metallic region near the Mott metal insulator transition (MIT). Other properties of superconductors are also discussed on these conclusions.
Tian De Cao
High temperature sodium testing of the CRBR prototype primary pump
Qualification testing in sodium of the CRBR primary pump was conducted through 1982. This paper presents an overview of the test program, a description of the Sodium Pump Test Facility (largest of its kind in the world), a brief description of the test article and summary overview of results. Of special interest were the high temperature gas convection tests and the extensive flow/speed control (dynamic) tests. Special innovative test methods were employed to investigate these phenomena.
Tessier, M.J.; Grimaldi, J.L.
Guide for High Temperature Operation of Overhead Lines: 2012 Updates
This Guide assists users in raising the capacities of overhead transmission lines by increasing the conductor temperature. It is based on a wealth of knowledge accumulated from extensive research conducted internally at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), information from manufacturers, and results from research conducted outside of EPRI. The Guide has evolved from a collection of numerous EPRI reports published in the past, including Effect of High-Temperature Cycling on Conductor ...
High Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology Scale-up
RECOVERY ACT: Scale-Up of RECOVERY ACT: Scale-Up of High-Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology Background Coal gasification generates a synthesis gas (syngas)-predominantly a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 )-that can be used for chemical production of hydrogen, methanol, substitute natural gas (SNG), and many other industrial chemicals, or for electric power generation. Conventional integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants use this syngas as a fuel for a combustion
Adaptable Sensor Packaging for High Temperature Fossil Fuel Energy System
Adaptable Sensor Packaging for High Adaptable Sensor Packaging for High Temperature Fossil Fuel Energy Systems Background The Advanced Research Sensors and Controls Program is leading the effort to develop sensing and control technologies and methods to achieve automated and optimized intelligent power systems. The program is led by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and is implemented through research and development agreements with other
Amorphous Alloy Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen Separations
for High for High Temperature Hydrogen Separations Background Coal and biomass are readily available in the United States and can be mixed for thermal processing to produce hydrogen and power. The produced hydrogen can be sent directly to a fuel cell for highly efficient and environmentally clean power generation. For coal and biomass to become economically viable sources of hydrogen, more efficient production processes need to be developed. To meet this
Particle-hole symmetry broken pseudogap in high temperature superconductors
Particle-hole symmetry broken pseudogap in Particle-hole symmetry broken pseudogap in high temperature superconductors High-temperature (Tc) superconductivity is one of the most important topics in condensed matter physics. Despite extensive studies over more than two decades, the microscopic mechanism of high temperature superconductivity still remains elusive due to many unconventional properties that are not well understood. Among them, the most mysterious behavior of high-Tc superconductor is the nature of so called "pseudogap", which has been a focus of the field for many years. In conventional superconductors, a gap exists in the energy absorption spectrum only below Tc, corresponding to the energy price to pay for breaking a Cooper pair of electrons. In high-Tc cuprate superconductors, an energy gap called the pseudogap exists above Tc but below T*, and is controversially attributed either to pre-formed superconducting pairs or to competing phases. Recently, by carefully studying the "symmetry" of the gap, researchers Makoto Hashimoto and Rui-Hua He, along with their co-workers in Prof. Zhi-Xun Shen's group at Stanford University, have found crucial evidence suggesting that the particle-hole symmetry required by superconductivity is broken in the pseudogap state.
High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Project Description The proposed scope of work is divided into three Phases. Overall system requirements will be established in Phase 1, along with an evaluation of existing lifting system capability, identification of technology limitations, and a conceptual design of an overall lifting system. In developing the system components in Phase 2, component-level tests will be conducted using GE facilities. Areas of development will include high-temperature drive system materials, journal and thrust bearings, and corrosion and erosion-resistant lifting pump components. Finally, in Phase 3, the overall lab-scale lifting system will be demonstrated in a flow loop that will be constructed at GE Global Research.
Pseudogap and Superconducting Gap in High-Temperature Superconductors
Pseudogap and Superconducting Gap in Pseudogap and Superconducting Gap in High-Temperature Superconductors Two decades after the discovery of first high temperature superconductors, the microscopic mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity remains elusive. In conventional superconductors, it has been well established that electrons form so-called "Cooper pairs" to give rise to superconductivity. The pair binding manifests itself as an energy gap in many spectroscopic measurements. This energy gap, known as superconducting gap, appears at the superconducting transition temperature Tc where the resistance also vanishes. For high temperature superconductors, the story is more complicated. Over a wide region of compositions and temperatures, there exists an energy gap well above Tc. This energy gap is called pseudogap [1], because there is no direct correlation to the superconducting transition. The origin of this pseudogap and its relation to the superconducting gap are believed to hold the key for understanding the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity - one of the outstanding problems in condensed matter physics. In this regard, researchers Kiyohisa Tanaka and Wei-Sheng Lee, along with their co-workers in Prof. Zhi-Xun Shen's group at Stanford University, have recently made an important discovery about the coexistence of two distinct energy gaps that have opposite doping dependence. Their observation not only provides a natural explanation for the contradictory results about the superconducting gap deduced from different experimental techniques, but also has profound implications on the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity.
Current Status of the Advanced High Temperature Reactor
The Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR) is a design concept for a central station type [1500 MW(e)] Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) that is currently under development by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy's Advanced Reactor Concepts program. FHRs, by definition, feature low-pressure liquid fluoride salt cooling, coated-particle fuel, a high-temperature power cycle, and fully passive decay heat rejection. The overall goal of the AHTR development program is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of FHRs as low-cost, large-size power producers while maintaining full passive safety. The AHTR design option exploration is a multidisciplinary design effort that combines core neutronic and fuel configuration evaluation with structural, thermal, and hydraulic analysis to produce a reactor and vessel concept and place it within a power generation station. The AHTR design remains at the notional level of maturity, as key technologies require further development and a logically complete integrated design has not been finalized. The present design space exploration, however, indicates that reasonable options exist for the AHTR core, primary heat transport path, and fuel cycle provided that materials and systems technologies develop as anticipated.
Holcomb, David Eugene [ORNL; Ilas, Dan [ORNL; Qualls, A L [ORNL; Peretz, Fred J [ORNL; Varma, Venugopal Koikal [ORNL; Bradley, Eric Craig [ORNL; Cisneros, Anselmo T. [University of California, Berkeley
GaAs ohmic contacts for high temperature devices
Instrumentation requirements for geothermal wells, jet engines, and nuclear reactors have exceeded the high temperature capability of silicon devices. As one part of a program to develop high temperature compound semiconductor devices, four basic ohmic contact systems for n-type GaAs have been evaluated for contact resistance as a function of temperature (24 to 350/sup 0/C) and time (at 300/sup 0/C): Ni/AuGe; Ag/Si and Ag/Ni/Si; Al/Ge and Al/AlGe; and Au/Nb/Si and Pt/Nb/Si. Optimization of processing parameters produced viable high temperature contacts with all but the Al/Ge systems. Aging at 300/sup 0/C changed the contact resistivity in only the Ag/Ni/Si contacts. Film adhesion was excellent for the Al/Ge, Ni/AuGe, and Ag/Si systems as measured with ultrasonic Al wire bond pull strengths. Lower adhesion was noticed with Nb/Si systems measured with gold wire bond pull strengths.
Coquat, J.A.; Palmer, D.W.
Development of High Temperature Capacitor Technology and Manufacturing Capability
The goal of the Development of High Temperature Capacitor Technology and Manufacturing Capability program was to mature a production-ready supply chain for reliable 250�C FPE (fluorinated polyester) film capacitors by 2011. These high-temperature film capacitors enable both the down hole drilling and aerospace industries by enabling a variety of benefits including: ? Deeper oil exploration in higher temperature and pressure environments ? Enabling power electronic and control equipment to operate in higher temperature environments ? Enabling reduced cooling requirements of electronics ? Increasing reliability and life of capacitors operating below rated temperature ? Enabling capacitors to handle higher electrical losses without overheating. The key challenges to bringing the FPE film capacitors to market have been manufacturing challenges including: ? FPE Film is difficult to handle and wind, resulting in poor yields ? Voltage breakdown strength decreases when the film is wound into capacitors (~70% decrease) ? Encapsulation technologies must be improved to enable higher temperature operation ? Manufacturing and test cycle time is very long As a direct result of this program most of the manufacturing challenges have been met. The FPE film production metalization and winding yield has increased to over 82% from 70%, and the voltage breakdown strength of the wound capacitors has increased 270% to 189 V/?m. The high temperature packaging concepts are showing significant progress including promising results for lead attachments and hermetic packages at 200�C and non-hermetic packages at 250�C. Manufacturing and test cycle time will decrease as the market for FPE capacitors develops.
Sourcebook on high-temperature electronics and instrumentation
This sourcebook summarizes the high-temperature characteristics of a number of commercially available electronic components and materials required in geothermal well-logging instruments that must operate to 275/sup 0/C. The sourcebook is written to provide a starting place for instrument designers, who need to know the high-temperature electronic products that are available and the design and performance limitations of these products. The electronic component information given includes the standard repertoire of passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, and magnetics; the active devices and integrated circuits sections emphasize silicon semiconductor JFETs and CMOS circuits; and, to complete the electronics, interconnections and packaging of hybrid microelectronics are described. Thermal insulation and refrigeration alternatives are also presented in the sourcebook. Finally, instrument housing materials and high-temperature cables and cablehead connectors are listed. This information was compiled as part of the Geothermal Logging Instrumentation Development Program that Sandia National Laboratories conducted for the US Department of Energy's Divison of Geothermal Energy from 1976 to 1981.
Veneruso, A.F. (ed.)
RAPHAEL: The European Union's (Very) High Temperature Reactor Technology Project
Since the late 1990, the European Union (EU) was conducting work on High Temperature Reactors (HTR) confirming their high potential in terms of safety (inherent safety features), environmental impact (robust fuel with no significant radioactive release), sustainability (high efficiency, potential suitability for various fuel cycles), and economics (simplifications arising from safety features). In April 2005, the EU Commission has started a new 4-year Integrated Project on Very High Temperature Reactors (RAPHAEL: Reactor for Process Heat And Electricity) as part of its 6{sup th} Framework Programme. The European Commission and the 33 partners from industry, R and D organizations and academia finance the project together. After the successful performance of earlier HTR-related EU projects which included the recovery of some earlier German experience and the re-establishment of strategically important R and D capabilities in Europe, RAPHAEL focuses now on key technologies required for an industrial VHTR deployment, both specific to very high temperature and generic to all types of modular HTR with emphasis on combined process heat and electricity generation. Advanced technologies are explored in order to meet the performance challenges required for a VHTR (900-1000 deg C, up to 200 GWd/tHM). To facilitate the planned sharing of significant parts of RAPHAEL results with the signatories of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) VHTR projects, RAPHAEL is structured in a similar way as the corresponding GIF VHTR projects. (authors)
Fuetterer, Michael A. [European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, P.O. Box 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten (Netherlands); Besson, D.; Bogusch, E.; Carluec, B.; Hittner, D.; Verrier, D. [AREVA Framatome-ANP (France); Billot, Ph.; Phelip, M. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France); Buckthorpe, D. [NNC Ltd, Knutsford (United Kingdom); Casalta, S. [European Commission, DG RTD, Brussels (Belgium); Chauvet, V. [STEP, Paris (France); Van Heek, A. [Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Petten (Netherlands); Von Lensa, W. [Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany); Pirson, J. [Tractebel Engineering, Brussels (Belgium); Scheuermann, W. [Institut fuer Kernenergetik, University of Stuttgart (Germany)
High temperature thermal properties for metals used in LWR vessels
Because of the impact that melt relocation and vessel failure has on subsequent progression and associated consequences of an Light Water Reactor (LWR) accident, it is important to accurately predict the heatup and relocation of materials within the reactor vessel and heat transfer to and from the reactor vessel. Accurate predictions of such heat transfer phenomena require high temperature thermal properties. However, a review of vessel and structural steel material properties in severe accident analysis codes reveals that the required high temperature material properties are extrapolated, with little if any, data above 700 �C. To reduce uncertainties in predictions relying upon this extrapolated high temperature data, INL obtained data using laser-flash thermal diffusivity techniques for two metals used in LWR vessels: SA533B1 carbon steel, which is used to fabricate most US LWR reactor vessels; and SS304, which is used in LWR vessel piping, penetration tubes, and internal structures. This paper summarizes the new data, compares it to existing data in the literature, and provides recommended correlations for thermal properties based on this data.
Joy L. Rempe
High temperature gas-cooled reactor: gas turbine application study
The high-temperature capability of the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) is a distinguishing characteristic which has long been recognized as significant both within the US and within foreign nuclear energy programs. This high-temperature capability of the HTGR concept leads to increased efficiency in conventional applications and, in addition, makes possible a number of unique applications in both electrical generation and industrial process heat. In particular, coupling the HTGR nuclear heat source to the Brayton (gas turbine) Cycle offers significant potential benefits to operating utilities. This HTGR-GT Application Study documents the effort to evaluate the appropriateness of the HTGR-GT as an HTGR Lead Project. The scope of this effort included evaluation of the HTGR-GT technology, evaluation of potential HTGR-GT markets, assessment of the economics of commercial HTGR-GT plants, and evaluation of the program and expenditures necessary to establish HTGR-GT technology through the completion of the Lead Project.
High power densities from high-temperature material interactions
Thermionic energy conversion (TEC) and metallic-fluid heat pipes (MFHPs) offer important and unique advantages in terrestrial and space energy processing. And they are well suited to serve together synergistically. TEC and MFHPs operate through working-fluid vaporization, condensation cycles that accept great thermal power densities at high temperatures. TEC and MFHPs have apparently simple, isolated performance mechanisms that are somewhat similar. And they also have obviously difficult, complected material problems that again are somewhat similar. Intensive investigation reveals that aspects of their operating cycles and material problems tend to merge: high-temperature material effects determine the level and lifetime of performance. Simplified equations verify the preceding statement for TEC and MFHPs. Material properties and interactions exert primary influences on operational effectiveness. And thermophysicochemical stabilities dictate operating temperatures which regulate the thermoemissive currents of TEC and the vaporization flow rates of MFHPs. Major high-temperature material problems of TEC and MFHPs have been solved. These solutions lead to productive, cost-effective applications of current TEC and MFHPs - and point to significant improvements with anticipated technological gains.
Morris, J.F.
High Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal
Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title High Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 Zonal Isolation Project Description For Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), high-temperature high-pressure zonal isolation tools capable of withstanding the downhole environment are needed. In these wells the packers must withstand differential pressures of 5,000 psi at more than 300°C, as well as pressures up to 20,000 psi at 200°C to 250°C. Furthermore, when deployed these packers and zonal isolation tools must form a reliable seal that eliminates fluid loss and mitigates short circuiting of flow from injectors to producers. At this time, general purpose open-hole packers do not exist for use in geothermal environments, with the primary technical limitation being the poor stability of existing elastomeric seals at high temperatures.
Experimental parabolic trough collector performance characterization
Experimental data from the Collector Module Test Facility (CMTF) at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, are used to develop a collector performance model and characterize three parabolic trough solar collectors. The independent variables used in the model are selected and fitted to the experimental data using a multiple linear regression technique. The collector model developed accounts for optical performance, including incident angle effects and thermal losses, both linear and non-linear.
Lukens, L.L.
Study of Catcher Bearings for High Temperature Magnetic Bearing Application
The Electron Energy Corporation (EEC) along with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in collaboration with Vibration Control and Electro mechanics Lab (VCEL), Texas A & M University, College Station, TX are researching on high temperature permanent magnet based magnetic bearings. The magnetic bearings are made of high temperature resistant permanent magnets (up to 1000 degrees F). A test rig has been developed to test these magnetic bearings. The test rig mainly consists of two radial bearings, one axial thrust bearing and two catcher bearings. The test rig that the catcher bearing is inserted in is the first ultra-high temperature rig with permanent magnet biased magnetic bearings and motor. The magnetic bearings are permanent magnet based which is a novel concept. The Graphalloy bearings represent a new approach for ultra-high temperature backup bearing applications. One of the main objectives of this research is to insure the mechanical and electrical integrity for all components of the test rig. Some assemblies and accessories required for the whole assembly need to be designed. The assembly methods need to be designed. The preliminary tests for coefficient of friction, Young's modulus and thermal expansion characteristics for catcher bearing material need to be done. A dynamic model needs to be designed for studying and simulating the rotor drop of the shaft onto the catcher bearing using a finite element approach in MATLAB. The assembly of the test rig was completed successfully by developing assembly fixtures and assembly methods. The components of the test rig were tested before assembly. Other necessary systems like Sensor holder system, Graphalloy press fit system were designed, fabricated and tested. The catcher bearing material (Graphalloy) was tested for coefficient of friction and Young's modulus at room and high temperatures. The rotor drop was simulated by deriving a dynamic model, to study the effect of system parameters like clearance, coefficient of friction, negative stiffness, initial spin speed on system behavior. Increasing the friction increases the backward whirl and decreases the rotor stoppage time. Increasing the clearance reduces the stoppage time and increases the peak bearing force. Increasing the initial spin speed increases the rotor stoppage time. The maximum stress encountered for as built conditions is more than allowable limits.
Narayanaswamy, Ashwanth
Factors Influencing the Stability of Nickel-Base High-Temperature ...
parabolic relationship between hardener-content a d stress-rupture life found in earlier alloy development studies 5 lends support to. (f this hypothesis. Whilst it�...
Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Power Plant
Arizona Public Service (APS) is required to generate a portion of its electricity from solar resources in order to satisfy its obligation under the Arizona Environmental Portfolio Standard (EPS). In recent years, APS has installed and operates over 4.5 MWe of fixed, tracking, and concentrating photovoltaic systems to help meet the solar portion of this obligation and to develop an understanding of which solar technologies provide the best cost and performance to meet utility needs. During FY04, APS began construction of a 1-MWe parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant. This plant represents the first parabolic trough plant to begin construction since 1991. The plant will also be the first commercial deployment of the Solargenix parabolic trough collector technology developed under contract to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The plant will use an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant, provided by Ormat. The ORC power plant is much simpler than a conventional steam Rankine cycle power plant and allows unattended operation of the facility.
Canada, S.; Cohen, G.; Cable, R.; Brosseau, D.; Price, H.
Poincar'e polynomial of the moduli spaces of parabolic bundles
Poincar'e polynomial of the moduli spaces of parabolic bundles Yogish I. Holla March 7, 2000 School of the moduli spaces of semistable parabolic bundles on a curve. The quasi parabolic analogue of the Siegel for determine the Betti numbers of the moduli of semistable parabolic bundles on a curve (when parabolic semi
Holla, Yogish I.
NREL: TroughNet - Parabolic Trough Power Plant System Technology
Parabolic Trough Power Plant System Technology Parabolic Trough Power Plant System Technology A parabolic trough solar power plant uses a large field of collectors to supply thermal energy to a conventional power plant. Because they use conventional power cycles, parabolic trough power plants can be hybridized-other fuels can be used to back up the solar power. Like all power cycles, trough power plants also need a cooling system to transfer waste heat to the environment. Parabolic trough power plant technologies include: Direct steam generation Fossil-fired (hybrid) backup Operation and maintenance Power cycles Steam Rankine Organic Rankine Combined Wet and dry cooling Power Cycles A photo of an aerial view of a power plant in the middle of a solar field with rows and rows of parabolic troughs tracking. The cooling towers can be seen with the water plume rising into the air. The white water tanks can be seen in the background.
Optimal Heat Collection Element Shapes for Parabolic Trough Concentrators
For nearly 150 years, the cross section of the heat collection tubes used at the focus of parabolic trough solar concentrators has been circular. This type of tube is obviously simple and easily fabricated, but it is not optimal. It is shown in this article that the optimal shape, assuming a perfect parabolic figure for the concentrating mirror, is instead oblong, and is approximately given by a pair of facing parabolic segments.
Bennett, C
Thermal Hydraulics of the Very High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor
The U.S Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting research on the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) design concept for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. The NGNP reactor core will be either a prismatic graphite block type core or a pebble bed core. The NGNP will use very high-burnup, low-enriched uranium, TRISO-coated fuel, and have a projected plant design service life of 60 years. The VHTR concept is considered to be the nearest-term reactor design that has the capability to efficiently produce hydrogen. The plant size, reactor thermal power, and core configuration will ensure passive decay heat removal without fuel damage or radioactive material releases during reactor core-accidents. The objectives of the NGNP Project are to: Demonstrate a full-scale prototype VHTR that is commercially licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Demonstrate safe and economical nuclear-assisted production of hydrogen and electricity. The DOE laboratories, led by the INL, perform research and development (R&D) that will be critical to the success of the NGNP, primarily in the areas of: � High temperature gas reactor fuels behavior � High temperature materials qualification � Design methods development and validation � Hydrogen production technologies � Energy conversion. This paper presents current R&D work that addresses fundamental thermal hydraulics issues that are relevant to a variety of possible NGNP designs.
Chang Oh; Eung Kim; Richard Schultz; Mike Patterson; Davie Petti
Dual Phase Membrane for High Temperature CO2 Separation
Dual-phase membranes consisting of stainless steel supports infiltrated with molten carbonate have been shown to be selective to CO{sub 2} at high temperatures (400-650 C). However, over time at high temperatures, the formation of iron oxides on the surface of the stainless steel supports render the membranes ineffective. This report details synthesis and characteristics of dual-phase carbonate membrane with an oxidation resistant perovskite type ceramic (lanthanum-strontium-cobaltite-iron; LSCF) support. Porous LSCF supports were prepared from its powder synthesized by the citrate method. Both steady state permeation and mercury porosimetry confirmed that the LSCF membrane sintered at 900 C has pores large enough to absorb molten carbonate, yet small enough to retain the molten carbonate under high pressure conditions. Results of XRD analysis have shown that LSCF and the molten carbonate mixture do not react with each other at temperatures below 700 C. Four-point method conductivity tests indicate that the support material has sufficiently high electronic conductivity for this application. Li-Na-K carbonate was coated to the porous LSCF support by a liquid infiltration method. Helium permeance of the support before and after infiltration of molten carbonate are on the order of 10{sup -6} and 10{sup -10} moles/m{sup 2} {center_dot} Pa {center_dot} s respectively, indicating that the molten carbonate is able to sufficiently infiltrate the membrane. Preliminary high temperature permeation experiments indicate that the membrane does separate CO{sub 2} in the presence of O{sub 2}, with a maximum flux of 0.623 ml/cm{sup 2} {center_dot} min obtained at 850 C.
Jerry Y.S. Lin; Matthew Anderson
Heat exchangers for high-temperature thermodynamic cycles
The special requirements of heat exchangers for high temperature thermodynamic cycles are outlined and discussed with particular emphasis on cost and thermal stress problems. Typical approaches that have been taken to a comprehensive solution intended to meet all of the many boundary conditions are then considered by examining seven typical designs including liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers for nuclear plants, a heater for a closed cycle gas turbine coupled to a fluidized bed coal combustion chamber, steam generators for nuclear plants, a fossil fuel-fired potassium boiler, and a potassium condenser-steam generator. (auth)
Fraas, A.P.
High-temperature alloys for high-power thermionic systems
The need for structural materials with useful strength above 1600 k has stimulated interest in refractory-metal alloys. Tungsten possesses an extreme high modulus of elasticity as well as the highest melting temperature among metals, and hence is being considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for high temperature structural applications such as space nuclear power systems. This report is divided into three chapters covering the following: (1) the processing of tungsten base alloys; (2) the tensile properties of tungsten base alloys; and (3) creep behavior of tungsten base alloys. Separate abstracts were prepared for each chapter. (SC)
Shin, Kwang S.; Jacobson, D.L.; D'cruz, L.; Luo, Anhua; Chen, Bor-Ling.
Conductor requirements for high-temperature superconducting utility power transformers
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors in utility power transformers must satisfy a set of operating requirements that are driven by two major considerations-HTS transformers must be economically competitive with conventional units, and the conductor must be robust enough to be used in a commercial manufacturing environment. The transformer design and manufacturing process will be described in order to highlight the various requirements that it imposes on the HTS conductor. Spreadsheet estimates of HTS transformer costs allow estimates of the conductor cost required for an HTS transformer to be competitive with a similarly performing conventional unit.
Pleva, E. F. [Waukesha Electric Systems, Waukesha, WI; Mehrotra, V. [Waukesha Electric Systems, Waukesha, WI; Schwenterly, S W [ORNL
High Temperature Measurements Of Martensitic transformations Using Digital Holography
During thermal cycling of nickel-aluminum-platinum (NiAlPt) and single crystal Fe-15Cr-15Ni alloys, the structural changes associated with the martensite to austenite phase transformation were measured using dual-wavelength digital holography. Real-time in-situ measurements reveal the formation of striations within the NiPtAl alloy at 70 C and the FeCrNi alloy at 520 C. The results demonstrate that digital holography is an effective technique for acquiring non-contact, high precision information of the surface evolution of alloys at high temperatures.
Thiesing, Benjamin [Northern Arizona University; Mann, Christopher J [Northern Arizona University; Dryepondt, Sebastien N [ORNL
Narrowband high temperature superconducting receiver for low frequency radio waves
An underground communicating device has a low-noise SQUID using high temperature superconductor components connected to detect a modulated external magnetic flux for outputting a voltage signal spectrum that is related to the varying magnetic flux. A narrow bandwidth filter may be used to select a portion of the voltage signal spectrum that is relatively free of power line noise to output a relatively low noise output signal when operating in a portion of the electromagnetic spectra where such power line noise exists. A demodulator outputs a communication signal, which may be an FM signal, indicative of a modulation on the modulated external magnetic flux.
Reagor, David W. (Los Alamos, NM)
Testing Methods Used for Materials at High Temperatures
Table 11 Typical commercial high-temperature/high-pressure service conditions...350�??650 662�??1202 �?�10 �?�100 Compressed natural gas storage Methane with trace H 2 S 0�??100 32�??212 �?�8 �?�80 Thermodynamic power generation NH 3 , H 2 O 100�??650 212�??1202 �?�1.5�??15 �?�15�??150 Geothermal power Brine, steam, H 2 S �?�370 �?�698 �?�17 �?�170 Steam boiler Water, steam �?�300 �?�572 �?�9 �?�90 Source: Ref 140...
High-temperature waste-heat-stream selection and characterization
Four types of industrial high-temperature, corrosive waste heat streams are selected that could yield significant energy savings if improved heat recovery systems were available. These waste heat streams are the flue gases from steel soaking pits, steel reheat furnaces, aluminum remelt furnaces, and glass melting furnaces. Available information on the temperature, pressure, flow, and composition of these flue gases is given. Also reviewed are analyses of corrosion products and fouling deposits resulting from the interaction of these flue gases with materials in flues and heat recovery systems.
Wikoff, P.M.; Wiggins, D.J.; Tallman, R.L.; Forkel, C.E.
Bolometer for measurements on high-temperature plasmas
A bolometer has been developed, based on a thin, die-cut platinum grid. It can survive high temperatures and the neutron and gamma radiation expected in the Toroidal Fusion Test Factor (TFTR). The platinum resistance is measured with a square-wave carrier system to minimize sensitivity to ambient electromagnetic interference. Electrical power fed back to the sensor holds its temperature constant and provides an output directly proportional to absorbed radiation power. With a bandwidth of 50 Hz the noise is equivalent to 100 ..mu..W/cm/sup 2/. Methods are described for dealing with the background effects expected to contribute to bolometer heating.
Schivell, J.; Renda, G.; Lowrance, J.; Hsuan, H.
Oxygen Handling and Cooling Options in High Temperature Electrolysis Plants
Idaho National Laboratory is working on a project to generate hydrogen by high temperature electrolysis (HTE). In such an HTE system, safety precautions need to be taken to handle high temperature oxygen at ~830�C. This report is aimed at addressing oxygen handling in a HTE plant.. Though oxygen itself is not flammable, most engineering material, including many gases and liquids, will burn in the presence of oxygen under some favorable physicochemical conditions. At present, an absolute set of rules does not exist that can cover all aspects of oxygen system design, material selection, and operating practices to avoid subtle hazards related to oxygen. Because most materials, including metals, will burn in an oxygen-enriched environment, hazards are always present when using oxygen. Most materials will ignite in an oxygen-enriched environment at a temperature lower than that in air, and once ignited, combustion rates are greater in the oxygen-enriched environment. Even many metals, if ignited, burn violently in an oxygen-enriched environment. However, these hazards do not preclude the operations and systems involving oxygen. Oxygen can be safely handled and used if all the materials in a system are not flammable in the end-use environment or if ignition sources are identified and controlled. In fact, the incidence of oxygen system fires is reported to be low with a probability of about one in a million. This report is a practical guideline and tutorial for the safe operation and handling of gaseous oxygen in high temperature electrolysis system. The intent is to provide safe, practical guidance that permits the accomplishment of experimental operations at INL, while being restrictive enough to prevent personnel endangerment and to provide reasonable facility protection. Adequate guidelines are provided to govern various aspects of oxygen handling associated with high temperature electrolysis system to generate hydrogen. The intent here is to present acceptable oxygen standards and practices for minimum safety requirements. A summary of operational hazards, along with oxygen safety and emergency procedures, are provided.
Manohar S. Sohal; J. Stephen Herring
Numerical investigations into the formation of a high temperature reservoir''
This paper summarizes an ongoing numerical modeling effort aimed at describing some of the thermodynamic conditions observed in vapor- dominated reservoirs, including the formation of a high temperature reservoir (HTR) beneath the typical'' reservoir. The modeled system begins as a hot water geothermal reservoir, and evolves through time into a vapor-dominated reservoir with a HTR at depth. This approach taken here to develop a vapor-dominated system is similar to that of Pruess (1985), and involves induced boiling through venting. The reservoir description is intentionally generic, but serves to describe a means of evolution of conditions observed (in particular) The Geysers.
Shook, M.
Numerical investigations into the formation of a ``high temperature reservoir``
This paper summarizes an ongoing numerical modeling effort aimed at describing some of the thermodynamic conditions observed in vapor- dominated reservoirs, including the formation of a high temperature reservoir (HTR) beneath the ``typical`` reservoir. The modeled system begins as a hot water geothermal reservoir, and evolves through time into a vapor-dominated reservoir with a HTR at depth. This approach taken here to develop a vapor-dominated system is similar to that of Pruess (1985), and involves induced boiling through venting. The reservoir description is intentionally generic, but serves to describe a means of evolution of conditions observed (in particular) The Geysers.
A method and article of manufacture of a lead oxide based glass coating on a high temperature superconductor is disclosed. The method includes preparing a dispersion of glass powders in a solution, applying the dispersion to the superconductor, drying the dispersion before applying another coating and heating the glass powder dispersion at temperatures below oxygen diffusion onset and above the glass melting point to form a continuous glass coating on the superconductor to establish compressive stresses which enhance the fracture strength of the superconductor. 8 figs.
Wu, W.; Chu, C.Y.; Goretta, K.C.; Routbort, J.L.
Hydrogen Removal From Heating Oil of a Parabolic Trough ...
A Method to Selectively Remove & Measure Hydrogen Gas from a Fluid Volume Parabolic trough power plants use concentrated solar thermal energy to ...
Estimates in the Generalized Morrey Space for Linear Parabolic Systems.
??The purpose of the this paper is to study the parabolic system uti - D_?(aij??D_?uj) = -div fi in the generalized Morrey Space L_?2,? .� (more)
McBride, Matthew Scott
Long-term average performance benefits of parabolic trough improvements
Improved parabolic trough concentrating collectors will result from better design, improved fabrication techniques, and the development and utilization of improved materials. This analysis quantifies the relative merit of various technological advancements in improving the long-term average performance of parabolic trough concentrating collectors and presents them graphically as a function of operating temperature for north-south, east-west, and polar mounted parabolic troughs. Substantial annual energy gains (exceeding 50% at 350/sup 0/C) are shown to be attainable with improved parabolic troughs.
Gee, R.; Gaul, H.; Kearney, D.; Rabl, A.
Simplified Methodology for Designing Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants.
??The performance of parabolic trough based solar power plants over the last 25 years has proven that this technology is an excellent alternative for the� (more)
Vasquez Padilla, Ricardo
Parabolic trough solar collectors : design for increasing efficiency.
??Parabolic trough collectors are a low cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sunlight onto a tube filled with a heat transfer� (more)
?? The performance of parabolic trough based solar power plants over the last 25 years has proven that this technology is an excellent alternative for� (more)
Hydrogen Removal From Heating Oil of a Parabolic Trough Increases the Life of the Trough and its Components A Method to Selectively Remove & Measure Hydrogen Gas from ...
post-pareto analysis for multiobjective parabolic control systems
Jul 29, 2012 ... POST-PARETO ANALYSIS FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE PARABOLIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. Henri Bonnel (bonnel ***at*** univ-nc.nc). Abstract: In�...
Parabolic Trough VSHOT Optical Characterization in 2005-2006 (Presentation)
This presentation regarding parabolic trough VSHOT optical characterization describes trough deployment and operation phases including: development, manufacture/installation, and maintenance/operation.
Wendelin, T.
Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet provides an overview of the potential for parabolic trough solar thermal electric power plants, especially in the Southwestern U.S.
Field Survey of Parabolic Trough Receiver Thermal Performance: Preprint
This paper describes a technique that uses an infrared camera to evaluate the in-situ thermal performance of parabolic trough receivers at operating solar power plants.
Price, H.; Forristall, R.; Wendelin, T.; Lewandowski, A.; Moss, T.; Gummo, C.
A scaling relation N{sub c} {approx} 4.4{sigma}{sub dc}T{sub c} has been observed parallel and perpendicular to the copper-oxygen planes in the high-temperature superconductors; N{sub c} is the spectral weight and {sigma}{sub dc} is the dc conductivity just above the critical temperature T{sub c}. In addition, Nb and Pb also fall close to the this scaling line. The application of the Ferrell-Glover-Tinkham sum rule to the BCS optical properties of Nb above and below T{sub c} yields N{sub c} {approx} 8.1{sigma}{sub dc}T{sub c} when the normal-state scattering rate is much greater than the superconducting energy gap (1/{tau} > 2{Delta}, the ''dirty'' limit). This result implies that the high-temperature superconductors may be in the dirty limit. The superconductivity perpendicular to the planes is explained by the Josephson effect, which again yields N{sub c} {approx} 8.1{sigma}{sub dc}T{sub c} in the BCS formalism. The similar forms for the scaling relation in these two directions suggests that in some regime the dirty limit and the Josephson effect may be viewed as equivalent.
Electronic phase diagram of high temperature copper oxide superconductors.
In order to understand the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, we must understand the normal state from which it emerges. Here, we examine the evolution of the normal state electronic excitations with temperature and carrier concentration in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} using angle-resolved photoemission. In contrast to conventional superconductors, where there is a single temperature scale T{sub c} separating the normal from the superconducting state, the high-temperature superconductors exhibit two additional temperature scales. One is the pseudogap scale T*, below which electronic excitations exhibit an energy gap. The second is the coherence scale T{sub coh}, below which sharp spectral features appear due to increased lifetime of the excitations. We find that T* and T{sub coh} are strongly doping dependent and cross each other near optimal doping. Thus the highest superconducting T{sub c} emerges from an unusual normal state that is characterized by coherent excitations with an energy gap.
Chatterjee, U.; Ai, D.; Zhao, J.; Rosenkranz, S.; Kaminski, A.; Raffy, H.; Li, Z. Z.; Kadowaki, K.; Randeria, M.; Norman, M. R.; Campuzano, J. C. (Materials Science Division); (Univ. of Illinois at Chicago); (Iowa State Univ.); (Univ. Paris-Sud); (Univ. of Tsukuba); (Ohio State Univ.)
Microstructure, Processing, Performance Relationships for High Temperature Coatings
This work evaluates the suitability of iron aluminide coatings for use in high temperature fossil fuel combustion environments, such as boiler applications. The coatings are applied using High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray techniques. Iron aluminide coatings, with the nominal composition of Fe3Al, were applied to various high temperature structural materials (316 Stainless Steel, 9Cr-1Mo steel and Inconel 600) that typically lack inherent resistance to environmental degradation found in fossil fuel combustion atmospheres. Coating/substrate combinations were subjected to thermal cycling to evaluate the effect of HVOF parameters, coating thickness, substrate material and substrate surface roughness on the resistance to coating delamination and cracking. It was found that substrate surface roughness had a profound influence on the performance of a given substrate/coating system and that surface preparation techniques will need to be tailored to the specific substrate material. Also, higher particle velocity during HVOF thermal spray deposition of the iron aluminide coatings tended to result in better-performing coating/substrate systems with less delamination at the coating/substrate interface. Some combinations of HVOF parameters, coating thickness and substrate materials were found to perform extremely well even at temperatures up to 900oC. However, in some cases, substantial reactions at the interface were observed.
Thomas M. Lillo
High temperature thermometric phosphors for use in a temperature sensor
A high temperature phosphor consists essentially of a material having the general formula LuPO.sub.4 :Dy.sub.(x),Eu.sub.(y), wherein: 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20 wt % and 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 wt %. The high temperature phosphor is in contact with an article whose temperature is to be determined. The article having the phosphor in contact with it is placed in the environment for which the temperature of the article is to be determined. The phosphor is excited by a laser causing the phosphor to fluoresce. The emission from the phosphor is optically focused into a beam-splitting mirror which separates the emission into two separate emissions, the emission caused by the dysprosium dopant and the emission caused by the europium dopent. The separated emissions are optically filtered and the intensities of the emission are detected and measured. The ratio of the intensity of each emission is determined and the temperature of the article is calculated from the ratio of the intensities of the separate emissions.
The Framatome ANP Indirect-Cycle Very High Temperature Reactor
Framatome ANP is developing a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) design, relying on its previous experience with high temperature reactor designs, from its participation in the MODUL and the GT-MHR designs. The Framatome ANP VHTR design is based on an indirect cycle coupled to an 'off-the-shelf' combined cycle gas turbine. Although direct cycle HTR's are being promoted for their high efficiency, preliminary evaluations show that the Framatome ANP design efficiency is on par with a direct cycle while avoiding PGS (Power Generation System) developments and keeping the PGS contamination free. This concept was independently evaluated with sensitivity analysis by EDF. Moreover, the nuclear heat source of the indirect cycle could also be used to qualify the direct cycle components without risk of contamination behind the IHX, thus assisting in the preparation for the later introduction of that technology. Relying to the maximum extent on available technology, the Framatome ANP VHTR plant can demonstrate high-efficiency electricity generation and carbon-free hydrogen production. (authors)
Copsey, Bernie [Framatome ANP, Inc., 3315 Old Forest Road Lynchburg, VA (United States); Lecomte, Michel [Framatome ANP, SAS, Tour AREVA Paris, La Defense (France); Brinkmann, Gerd [Framatome ANP, GmbH, 49 (9131) 18-96630, Erlangen (Germany); Capitaine, Alain; Deberne, Nicolas [EDF/SEPTEN, Villeurbanne (France)
Advanced High Temperature Reactor Systems and Economic Analysis
The Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR) is a design concept for a large-output [3400 MW(t)] fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR). FHRs, by definition, feature low-pressure liquid fluoride salt cooling, coated-particle fuel, a high-temperature power cycle, and fully passive decay heat rejection. The AHTR's large thermal output enables direct comparison of its performance and requirements with other high output reactor concepts. As high-temperature plants, FHRs can support either high-efficiency electricity generation or industrial process heat production. The AHTR analysis presented in this report is limited to the electricity generation mission. FHRs, in principle, have the potential to be low-cost electricity producers while maintaining full passive safety. However, no FHR has been built, and no FHR design has reached the stage of maturity where realistic economic analysis can be performed. The system design effort described in this report represents early steps along the design path toward being able to predict the cost and performance characteristics of the AHTR as well as toward being able to identify the technology developments necessary to build an FHR power plant. While FHRs represent a distinct reactor class, they inherit desirable attributes from other thermal power plants whose characteristics can be studied to provide general guidance on plant configuration, anticipated performance, and costs. Molten salt reactors provide experience on the materials, procedures, and components necessary to use liquid fluoride salts. Liquid metal reactors provide design experience on using low-pressure liquid coolants, passive decay heat removal, and hot refueling. High temperature gas-cooled reactors provide experience with coated particle fuel and graphite components. Light water reactors (LWRs) show the potentials of transparent, high-heat capacity coolants with low chemical reactivity. Modern coal-fired power plants provide design experience with advanced supercritical-water power cycles. The current design activities build upon a series of small-scale efforts over the past decade to evaluate and describe the features and technology variants of FHRs. Key prior concept evaluation reports include the SmAHTR preconceptual design report,1 the PB-AHTR preconceptual design, and the series of early phase AHTR evaluations performed from 2004 to 2006. This report provides a power plant-focused description of the current state of the AHTR. The report includes descriptions and sizes of the major heat transport and power generation components. Component configuration and sizing are based upon early phase AHTR plant thermal hydraulic models. The report also provides a top-down AHTR comparative economic analysis. A commercially available advanced supercritical water-based power cycle was selected as the baseline AHTR power generation cycle both due to its superior performance and to enable more realistic economic analysis. The AHTR system design, however, has several remaining gaps, and the plant cost estimates consequently have substantial remaining uncertainty. For example, the enriched lithium required for the primary coolant cannot currently be produced on the required scale at reasonable cost, and the necessary core structural ceramics do not currently exist in a nuclear power qualified form. The report begins with an overview of the current, early phase, design of the AHTR plant. Only a limited amount of information is included about the core and vessel as the core design and refueling options are the subject of a companion report. The general layout of an AHTR system and site showing the relationship of the major facilities is then provided. Next is a comparative evaluation of the AHTR anticipated performance and costs. Finally, the major system design efforts necessary to bring the AHTR design to a pre-conceptual level are then presented.
Holcomb, David Eugene [ORNL; Peretz, Fred J [ORNL; Qualls, A L [ORNL
DEGENERATE-PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH UNBOUNDED COEFFICIENTS, MARTINGALE four intertwined problems, motivated by mathematical finance, concerning degenerate-parabolic partial differential operators and degenerate diffusion processes. First, we consider a parabolic partial differential
Parabolic-Trough Solar Water Heating--FTA, 022798m FTA trough...
Parabolic-Trough Solar Water Heating--FTA, 022798m FTA trough Parabolic-Trough Solar Water Heating--FTA, 022798m FTA trough Federal Technology Alert covers parabolic-trough solar...
Utility-Scale Parabolic Trough Solar Systems: Performance Acceptance Test Guidelines, April 2009 - December 2010
Prior to commercial operation, large solar systems in utility-size power plants need to pass a performance acceptance test conducted by the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor or owners. In lieu of the present absence of ASME or other international test codes developed for this purpose, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has undertaken the development of interim guidelines to provide recommendations for test procedures that can yield results of a high level of accuracy consistent with good engineering knowledge and practice. The Guidelines contained here are specifically written for parabolic trough collector systems with a heat-transport system using a high-temperature synthetic oil, but the basic principles are relevant to other CSP systems.
Kearney, D.
Alignment method for parabolic trough solar concentrators
A Theoretical Overlay Photographic (TOP) alignment method uses the overlay of a theoretical projected image of a perfectly aligned concentrator on a photographic image of the concentrator to align the mirror facets of a parabolic trough solar concentrator. The alignment method is practical and straightforward, and inherently aligns the mirror facets to the receiver. When integrated with clinometer measurements for which gravity and mechanical drag effects have been accounted for and which are made in a manner and location consistent with the alignment method, all of the mirrors on a common drive can be aligned and optimized for any concentrator orientation.
Diver, Richard B. (Albuquerque, NM)
Numerical Schemes for Rough Parabolic Equations
This paper is devoted to the study of numerical approximation schemes for a class of parabolic equations on (0,1) perturbed by a non-linear rough signal. It is the continuation of Deya (Electron. J. Probab. 16:1489-1518, 2011) and Deya et al. (Probab. Theory Relat. Fields, to appear), where the existence and uniqueness of a solution has been established. The approach combines rough paths methods with standard considerations on discretizing stochastic PDEs. The results apply to a geometric 2-rough path, which covers the case of the multidimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index H>1/3.
Deya, Aurelien, E-mail: email@example.com [Universite de Nancy 1, Institut Elie Cartan Nancy (France)
Enhanced High Temperature Performance of NOx Reduction Catalyst Materials
Two primary NOx after-treatment technologies have been recognized as the most promising approaches for meeting stringent NOx emission standards for diesel vehicles within the Environmental Protection Agency�s (EPA�s) 2007/2010 mandated limits, NOx Storage Reduction (NSR) and NH3 selective catalytic reduction (SCR); both are, in fact being commercialized for this application. However, in looking forward to 2015 and beyond with expected more stringent regulations, the continued viability of the NSR technology for controlling NOx emissions from lean-burn engines such as diesels will require at least two specific, significant and inter-related improvements. First, it is important to reduce system costs by, for example, minimizing the precious metal content while maintaining, even improving, performance and long-term stability. A second critical need for future NSR systems, as well as for NH3 SCR, will be significantly improved higher and lower temperature performance and stability. Furthermore, these critically needed improvements will contribute significantly to minimizing the impacts to fuel economy of incorporating these after-treatment technologies on lean-burn vehicles. To meet these objectives will require, at a minimum an improved scientific understanding of the following things: i) the various roles for the precious and coinage metals used in these catalysts; ii) the mechanisms for these various roles; iii) the effects of high temperatures on the active metal performance in their various roles; iv) mechanisms for higher temperature NOx storage performance for modified and/or alternative storage materials; v) the interactions between the precious metals and the storage materials in both optimum NOx storage performance and long term stability; vi) the sulfur adsorption and regeneration mechanisms for NOx reduction materials; vii) materials degradation mechanisms in CHA-based NH3 SCR catalysts. The objective of this CRADA project between PNNL and Cummins, Inc. is to develop a fundamental understanding of the above-listed issues. Model catalysts that are based on literature formulations are the focus of the work being carried out at PNNL. In addition, the performance and stability of more realistic high temperature NSR catalysts, supplied by JM, are being studied in order to provide baseline data for the model catalysts that are, again, based on formulations described in the open literature. For this short summary, we will primarily highlight representative results from our recent studies of the stability of candidate high temperature NSR materials.
Gao, Feng; Kim, Do Heui; Luo, Jinyong; Muntean, George G.; Peden, Charles HF; Howden, Ken; Currier, Neal; Kamasamudram, Krishna; Kumar, Ashok; Li, Junhui; Stafford, Randy; Yezerets, Aleksey; Castagnola, Mario; Chen, Hai Ying; Hess, Howard ..
Bio-Fuel Production Assisted with High Temperature Steam Electrolysis
Two hybrid energy processes that enable production of synthetic liquid fuels that are compatible with the existing conventional liquid transportation fuels infrastructure are presented. Using biomass as a renewable carbon source, and supplemental hydrogen from high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE), these two hybrid energy processes have the potential to provide a significant alternative petroleum source that could reduce dependence on imported oil. The first process discusses a hydropyrolysis unit with hydrogen addition from HTSE. Non-food biomass is pyrolyzed and converted to pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is upgraded with hydrogen addition from HTSE. This addition of hydrogen deoxygenates the pyrolysis oil and increases the pH to a tolerable level for transportation. The final product is synthetic crude that could then be transported to a refinery and input into the already used transportation fuel infrastructure. The second process discusses a process named Bio-Syntrolysis. The Bio-Syntrolysis process combines hydrogen from HTSE with CO from an oxygen-blown biomass gasifier that yields syngas to be used as a feedstock for synthesis of liquid synthetic crude. Conversion of syngas to liquid synthetic crude, using a biomass-based carbon source, expands the application of renewable energy beyond the grid to include transportation fuels. It can also contribute to grid stability associated with non-dispatchable power generation. The use of supplemental hydrogen from HTSE enables greater than 90% utilization of the biomass carbon content which is about 2.5 times higher than carbon utilization associated with traditional cellulosic ethanol production. If the electrical power source needed for HTSE is based on nuclear or renewable energy, the process is carbon neutral. INL has demonstrated improved biomass processing prior to gasification. Recyclable biomass in the form of crop residue or energy crops would serve as the feedstock for this process. A process model of syngas production using high temperature electrolysis and biomass gasification is presented. Process heat from the biomass gasifier is used to heat steam for the hydrogen production via the high temperature steam electrolysis process. Oxygen produced form the electrolysis process is used to control the oxidation rate in the oxygen-blown biomass gasifier.
Grant Hawkes; James O'Brien; Michael McKellar
An Optical Characterization Technique for Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors Using Images of the Absorber Reection.
?? As the concentrating solar power industry competes to develop a less-expensive parabolic trough collector, assurance is needed that new parabolic trough collectors maintain accurate� (more)
Owkes, Jeanmarie Kathleen
NETL: Gasification - Recovery Act: High Temperature Syngas Cleanup
Syngas Processing Systems Syngas Processing Systems Recovery Act: High Temperature Syngas Cleanup Technology Scale-Up and Demonstration Project Research Triangle Institute Project Number: FE0000489 Project Description Research Triangle Institute (RTI) is designing, building, and testing the Warm Temperature Desulfurization Process (WDP) at pre-commercial scale (50 megawatt electric equivalent [MWe]) to remove more than 99.9 percent of the sulfur from coal-derived synthesis gas (syngas). RTI is integrating this WDP technology with an activated methyl diethanolamine (aMDEA) solvent technology to separate 90% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) from shifted syngas. The Polk Power Station, an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant, will supply approximately 20% of its coal-derived syngas as a slipstream to feed into the pre-commercial scale technologies being scaled-up.
Microsoft PowerPoint - High Temperature Thermoelectric_Ohuchi
Thermoelectric Oxides Engineered Thermoelectric Oxides Engineered at Multiple Length Scales for Energy Harvesting Program Manager: Patricia Rawls Fumio S. Ohuchi (PI) and Rajendra K. Bordia(Co-PI) Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Box 352120 Seattle, WA 98195 Grant No. DE-FE0007272 (June 1, 2012-May 31, 2013) Graduate Students: Christopher Dandeneau and YiHsun Yang June 10, 2013 The UCR Contractors Review Conference Introduction/Motivation for Research * Thermoelectric (TE) oxides for waste heat recovery Good high-temperature stability Stable in hostile environments Low cost/toxicity * Oxides with complex structure: Low thermal conductivity, Tailor stoichiometry to maximize S
Design of High Field Solenoids made of High Temperature Superconductors
This thesis starts from the analytical mechanical analysis of a superconducting solenoid, loaded by self generated Lorentz forces. Also, a finite element model is proposed and verified with the analytical results. To study the anisotropic behavior of a coil made by layers of superconductor and insulation, a finite element meso-mechanic model is proposed and designed. The resulting material properties are then used in the main solenoid analysis. In parallel, design work is performed as well: an existing Insert Test Facility (ITF) is adapted and structurally verified to support a coil made of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}, a High Temperature Superconductor (HTS). Finally, a technological winding process was proposed and the required tooling is designed.
Bartalesi, Antonio; /Pisa U.
Remote high-temperature insulatorless heat-flux gauge
A remote optical heat-flux gauge for use in extremely high temperature environments is described. This application is possible because of the use of thermographic phosphors as the sensing media, and the omission of the need for an intervening layer of insulator between phosphor layers. The gauge has no electrical leads, but is interrogated with ultraviolet or laser light. The luminescence emitted by the two phosphor layers, which is indicative of the temperature of the layers, is collected and analyzed in order to determine the heat flux incident on the surface being investigated. The two layers of thermographic phosphor must be of different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. Spatial heat-flux measurements can be made by scanning the light across the surface of the gauge.
Noel, Bruce W. (Espanola, NM)
A remote optical heat-flux gauge for use in extremely high temperature environments is described. This application is possible because of the use of thermographic phosphors as the sensing media, and the omission of the need for an intervening layer of insulator between phosphor layers. The gauge has no electrical leads, but is interrogated with ultraviolet or laser light. The luminescence emitted by the two phosphor layers, which is indicative of the temperature of the layers, is collected and analyzed in order to determine the heat flux incident on the surface being investigated. The two layers of thermographic phosphor must be of different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. Spatial heat-flux measurements can be made by scanning the light across the surface of the gauge. 3 figures.
Noel, B.W.
Damping in high-temperature superconducting levitation systems
Methods and apparatuses for improved damping in high-temperature superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. A superconducting element (e.g., a stator) generating a magnetic field and a magnet (e.g. a rotor) supported by the magnetic field are provided such that the superconducting element is supported relative to a ground state with damped motion substantially perpendicular to the support of the magnetic field on the magnet. Applying this, a cryostat housing the superconducting bearing may be coupled to the ground state with high damping but low radial stiffness, such that its resonant frequency is less than that of the superconducting bearing. The damping of the cryostat may be substantially transferred to the levitated magnetic rotor, thus, providing damping without affecting the rotational loss, as can be derived applying coupled harmonic oscillator theory in rotor dynamics. Thus, damping can be provided to a levitated object, without substantially affecting the rotational loss.
Hull, John R. (Sammamish, WA)
High temperature gas reactor and energy pipeline system
A study was made of the following aspects of the High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) Closed Loop Chemical Energy Pipeline (CEP) concept: pipeline transmission and storage system design, pipeline and storage system cost, methane reformer interface, and system safety and environmental aspects. This paper focuses on the pipeline and storage system concepts. Pipeline size, compressor power, and storage facility requirements were developed for four different types of pipeline systems to obtain system cost estimates. Each pipeline system includes a synthesis-gas pipeline from the reformer to the methanator, a methane-rich gas pipeline from the methanator to the reformer, a water return line from the methanator to the reformer, and storage for the synthesis gas, methane-rich gas and water.
Daniels, E.; Blazek, C.; Allen, D.C.; Pflasterer, G.R.
Diagnostic technique for monitoring high temperature plasma dynamics
A preliminary design for the adaptation of a pinhole experiment (PINEX) technique to the monitoring of the dynamics of high temperature plasmas is described. Specifically, this imaging technique uses a thick aperture, an efficient radiation converter, and highly intensified television cameras to provide real-time viewing of radiation sources such as the neutron emissions from d-d and d-t fusion reactions in controlled thermonuclear research devices. The neutron emission strengths, R approx. 5 x 10/sup 15/ n/s, recently achieved at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and the Joint European Torus (JET) should be sufficient for 3 to 6-cm spatial resolution and 10 to 100-ms time resolution using such a system. Such information should be useful for on-line optimization of the plasma and for quantitative evaluation of its performance.
Lumpkin, A.H.; Pappas, D.S.
Shock-induced synthesis of high temperature superconducting materials
It has now been determined that the unique features of the high pressure shock method, especially the shock-induced chemical synthesis technique, are fully applicable to high temperature superconducting materials. Extraordinarily high yields are achievable in accordance with this invention, e.g., generally in the range from about 20% to about 99%, often in the range from about 50% to about 90%, lower and higher yields, of course, also being possible. The method of this invention involves the application of a controlled high pressure shock compression pulse which can be produced in any conventional manner, e.g., by detonation of a high explosive material, the impact of a high speed projectile or the effect of intense pulsed radiation sources such as lasers or electron beams. Examples and a discussion are presented.
Ginley, D.S.; Graham, R.A.; Morosin, B.; Venturini, E.L.
Apparatus and method for high temperature viscosity and temperature measurements
A probe for measuring the viscosity and/or temperature of high temperature liquids, such as molten metals, glass and similar materials comprises a rod which is an acoustical waveguide through which a transducer emits an ultrasonic signal through one end of the probe, and which is reflected from (a) a notch or slit or an interface between two materials of the probe and (b) from the other end of the probe which is in contact with the hot liquid or hot melt, and is detected by the same transducer at the signal emission end. To avoid the harmful effects of introducing a thermally conductive heat sink into the melt, the probe is made of relatively thermally insulative (non-heat-conductive) refractory material. The time between signal emission and reflection, and the amplitude of reflections, are compared against calibration curves to obtain temperature and viscosity values.
Balasubramaniam, Krishnan (Mississippi State, MS); Shah, Vimal (Houston, TX); Costley, R. Daniel (Mississippi State, MS); Singh, Jagdish P. (Mississippi State, MS)
9 Cr-- 1 Mo steel material for high temperature application
One or more embodiments relates to a high-temperature, titanium alloyed, 9 Cr-1 Mo steel exhibiting improved creep strength and oxidation resistance at service temperatures up to 650.degree. C. The 9 Cr-1 Mo steel has a tempered martensite microstructure and is comprised of both large (0.5-3 .mu.m) primary titanium carbides and small (5-50 nm) secondary titanium carbides in a ratio of. from about 1:1.5 to about 1.5:1. The 9 Cr-1 Mo steel may be fabricated using exemplary austenizing, rapid cooling, and tempering steps without subsequent hot working requirements. The 9 Cr-1 Mo steel exhibits improvements in total mass gain, yield strength, and time-to-rupture over ASTM P91 and ASTM P92 at the temperature and time conditions examined.
Jablonski, Paul D; Alman, David; Dogan, Omer; Holcomb, Gordon; Cowen, Christopher
Seeing Stripes: Competition and Complexity in High-Temperature Superconductors
Superconductivity in layered copper-oxide compounds is remarkable not only because it survives to relatively high temperatures, but especially because it appears when mobile charge carriers are doped into a parent antiferromagnetic insulator. The tendency of the carriers to reduce their kinetic energy by delocalizing competes with the magnetic superexchange between spins on copper ions. One possible consequence of this competition is the segregation of carriers into charge stripes that separate antiferromagnetic domains. An ordered stripe phase has been observed by diffraction experiments in a few special cuprate compounds, and stripe order is found to compete with superconductivity. It has been proposed that quantum-disordered stripes might underlie the superconducting phase. Such a concept clashes with the conventional picture of electronic structure in solids. Some of the challenges of experimentally 'seeing' both static and fluctuating stripes will be discussed.
Tranquada, John [BNL
Refractory materials can be limited in their application by many factors including chemical reactions between the service environment and the refractory material, mechanical degradation of the refractory material by the service environment, temperature limitations on the use of a particular refractory material, and the inability to install or repair the refractory material in a cost effective manner or while the vessel was in service. The objective of this project was to address the need for new innovative refractory compositions by developing a family of novel MgO-Al 2O3 spinel or other similar magnesia/alumina containing unshaped refractory composition (castables, gunnables, shotcretes, etc) utilizing new aggregate materials, bond systems, protective coatings, and phase formation techniques (in-situ phase formation, altered conversion temperatures, accelerated reactions, etc). This family of refractory compositions would then be tailored for use in high-temperature, high-alkaline industrial environments like those found in the aluminum, chemical, forest products, glass, and steel industries.
Hemrick, James Gordon [ORNL
The DARPA manufacturing initiative in high temperature superconductivity
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has a very aggressive Technology Base program in high temperature superconductivity. This program is expected to provide the basis for a specialized set of military products - passive microwave and millimeter wave devices - within the next three years. In order to get these high leverage products into military systems, a manufacturing base must be developed for HTSC components. A plan for DARPA in HTSC manufacturing is directly coupled with the ongoing DARPA materials and device oriented R and D program. In essence, this plan recommends a three phased effort: 1. Phase I (two years); Fund companies through R and D contracts for specialized HTSC components; prepare a detailed plan and develop an HTSC consortium. 2. Phase II (six years): Establish an HTSC Sematech initiative for electronic applications, including active devices. 3. Phase III (optional): Continue the HTSC Sematech with emphasis on high power applications.
Adams, K.R. (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA (US))
High Temperature Chemical Kinetic Combustion Modeling of Lightly Methylated Alkanes
Conventional petroleum jet and diesel fuels, as well as alternative Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels and hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels, contain high molecular weight lightly branched alkanes (i.e., methylalkanes) and straight chain alkanes (n-alkanes). Improving the combustion of these fuels in practical applications requires a fundamental understanding of large hydrocarbon combustion chemistry. This research project presents a detailed high temperature chemical kinetic mechanism for n-octane and three lightly branched isomers octane (i.e., 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, and 2,5-dimethylhexane). The model is validated against experimental data from a variety of fundamental combustion devices. This new model is used to show how the location and number of methyl branches affects fuel reactivity including laminar flame speed and species formation.
Sarathy, S M; Westbrook, C K; Pitz, W J; Mehl, M
High-temperature liquid--metal MHD generator experiments
Detailed data were obtained for the world's first high-temperature two-phase liquid--metal MHD generator under open-circuit conditions. Both single-phase (sodium) and two-phase (sodium and nitrogen) flows were used in the temperture range of approx. 490 to approx. 740/sup 0/K. The data presented includes pressures, voltages, and slip ratios (ratio of gas velocity to liquid velocity). The two-phase pressure--gradient data were predicted well by a simplified two-phase MHD correlation that includes the effect of a pure-liquid shunt layer between the electrodes. The slip ratio is shown to decrease with increasing temperature, implying higher generator and system efficiencies; this anticipated result was a prime reason for performing these experiments.
Dunn, P.F.; Pierson, E.S.; Staffon, J.D.
Under contract to the General Electric Co. as a part of a DOE-sponsored program, the Energy Systems Analysis Group at the Institute of Gas Technology examined the following aspects of the high temperature gas reactor closed loop chemical energy pipeline concept: (1) pipeline transmission and storage system design; (2) pipeline and storage system cost; (3) methane reformer interface; and (4) system safety and environmental aspects. This work focuses on the pipeline and storage system concepts, pipeline size, compressor power, and storage facility requirements were developed for 4 different types of pipeline systems to obtain system cost estimates. Each pipeline system includes a synthesis-gas pipeline from the reformer to the methanator, a methane-rich gas pipeline from the methanator to the reformer, a water return line from the methanator to the reformer, and storage for the synthesis gas, methane-rich gas and water.
Daniels, E.; Blazek, C.; Pflasterer, G.R.; Allen, D.C.
Development of a solar thermal receiver for high temperature applications
A thermal receiver for point focus collectors is being constructed. Its design, which is based upon experience with a commercial receiver, employs the advantages of that receiver and improves some of its features. The new receiver uses as a buffer between the cavity surface and the heat transfer fluid a thermal mass, which with a very small temperature drop penalty smooths the flux distribution to eliminate hot spots. Maximum operating temperature range was extended from 620/sup 0/C to 870/sup 0/C and receiver efficiency was improved. The design of the receiver enables significant spillage flux at the receiver to be used. Thus, lower quality optics can be employed in applications not requiring very high temperatures. Design and construction features of the receiver are presented and the testing program is described.
Bohn, M.; Bessler, G.
Remote high temperature insulatorless heat-flux gauge
A remote optical heat-flux gauge for use in high temperature environments. This application is possible because of the use of thermographic phosphors as the sensing media, and the omission of the need for an intervening layer of insulator between phosphor layers. The gauge has no electrical leads, but is interrogated with ultraviolet light. The luminescence emitted by the two thermographic-phosphor layers, which is indicative of the temperature of the layers, is collected and analyzed in order to determine the heat flux incident on the surface being investigated. The two layers of thermographic phosphor must be of different materials to assure that the spectral lines collected will be distinguishable. Spatial heat flux measurements can be made by scanning the light across the surface of the gauge.
Energy Conservation R. D. & D. Programs in High Temperature Processes
The potential for energy conservation in high temperature industrial processes is very large. Industrial processes are known to consume over 30 percent of the Nation's energy. In turn something less than one third of this estimated twenty quads of energy is actually required to produce the product. This broad sweeping statement covers many sins and many virtues. The blast furnace, for example, is the largest user of energy per net ton of steel produced and operates at approximately 67% of theoretical efficiency. The slot forge furnace, used to reheat steel fat hot forging, operates at approximately 10% of theoretical efficiency. Actually steel forging stock can also be reheated at about 50% efficiency and this has been done by a DOE sponsored contractor. The technology is, in fact, being commercialized by the contractor and its rapid diffusion by DOE will be actively encouraged.
Sheneman, R. L.
Anisotropic high temperature superconductors as variable resistors and switches
Several anisotropic high temperature superconductors show critical current densities which are strongly dependent on the direction of an applied external magnetic field. The resistance of a sample can change by several orders of magnitude by applying a magnetic field. The potential for using the field dependent variable resistor or switch for applications in power systems is evaluated. Test results with small samples are presented. The requirements for large scale applications are outlined. The magnetic field triggering requirement, the frequency response of the device, use in 60 Hz ac circuits and heat transfer consideration are investigated. Several application examples are discussed. Use of variable resistor as a fault current limiter, as a switching element in rectifier circuitry and as an improved dump resistor for a superconducting magnet is presented.
Boenig, H.J.; Daugherty, M.A.; Fleshler, S.; Maley, M.P.; Mueller, F.M.; Prenger, F.C.; Coulter, J.Y.
UHTREX utilizes a high-temperature, He-cooled, graphite moderated reactor employing unclad, refractory fuel elements. The reactor is designed to produce a msximum thermal power of 3 Mw and a maximum exit He temperature of 2400 deg F. The purpose of the experimert is to evaluate the advantages of the simple fuel against the disadvantages of the associated operation of a contaminated coolant loop. The mechanical and nuclear design of the reactor and related apparatus are described, discussed, and evaluated from the standpoint of hazards associated with conduct of the experiment. The building design and characteristics of the site are also examined from the same standpoint. The probable effects of operational errors and component failures are studied. The conseqnences of credible accidents are not considered to be catastrophic for either operating personnel or personnel in surrounding areas. (auth)
High temperature concrete composites containing organosiloxane crosslinked copolymers
This invention relates to high temperature polymer concrete composites comprising about 10-30% by weight of a liquid monomer mixture consisting essentially of an organosiloxane polymer crosslinked with an olefinically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, methyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, triallyl cyanurate, n-phenylmalimide, divinyl benzene and mixtures theroef; and about 70-90% by weight of an inert inorganic filler system containing silica sand and preferably a member selected from the group consisting of portland cement, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, carbon black and mixtures thereof; and optionally a free radical initiator such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide and other organic peroxides to initiate crosspolymerization of the monomer mixture in the presence of the inorganic filler.
Zeldin, Arkady (Rego Park, NY); Carciello, Neal (Patchogue, NY); Kukacka, Lawrence (Port Jefferson, NY); Fontana, Jack (Shoreham, NY)
Strangeness at high temperatures: from hadrons to quarks
Appropriate combinations of up to fourth order cumulants of net strangeness fluctuations and their correlations with net baryon number and electric charge fluctuations, obtained from lattice QCD calculations, have been used to probe the strangeness carrying degrees of freedom at high temperatures. For temperatures up to the chiral crossover separate contributions of strange mesons and baryons can be well described by an uncorrelated gas of hadrons. Such a description breaks down in the chiral crossover region, suggesting that the deconfinement of strangeness takes place at the chiral crossover. On the other hand, the strangeness carrying degrees of freedom inside the quark gluon plasma can be described by a weakly interacting gas of quarks only for temperatures larger than twice the chiral crossover temperature. In the intermediate temperature window these observables show considerably richer structures, indicative of the strongly interacting nature of the quark gluon plasma.
A. Bazavov; H. -T. Ding; P. Hegde; O. Kaczmarek; F. Karsch; E. Laermann; Y. Maezawa; Swagato Mukherjee; H. Ohno; P. Petreczky; C. Schmidt; S. Sharma; W. Soeldner; M. Wagner
Overview of High-Temperature Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Over the last five years there has been a growing interest in the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, particularly to augment transportation fuels and thus reduce our dependence on imported petroleum. Hydrogen is now produced primarily via steam reforming of methane. However, in the long term, methane reforming is not a viable process for the large-scale hydrogen production since such fossil fuel conversion processes consume non-renewable resources and emit greenhouse gases. Nuclear energy can be used to produce hydrogen without consuming fossil fuels and without emitting greenhouse gases through the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative of the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy is developing three general categories of high temperature processes for hydrogen production: thermochemical, electrolytic and hybrid thermo-electrolytic. This paper introduces the work being done in the development of high temperature electrolysis of steam. High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) is built on the technology of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which were invented over a century ago, but which have been most vigorously developed during the last twenty years. SOFCs consume hydrogen and oxygen and produce steam and electricity. Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cells (SOECs) consume electricity and steam and produce hydrogen and oxygen. The purpose of the HTE research is to solve those problems unique to the electrolytic mode of operation, while building further on continuing fuel cell development. ORGANIZATION Experiments have been conducted for the last three years at the Idaho National Laboratory and at Ceramatec, Inc. on the operation of button cells and of progressively larger stacks of planar cells. In addition, the INL has been performing analyses of the cell-scale fluid dynamics and plant-scale flowsheets in order to determine optimum operating conditions and plant configurations. Argonne National Laboratory has been performing experiments for the development of new electrode materials, as well as modeling of the fluid dynamics and flowsheets for comparison with the work being done at the INL. ANL has also been performing diagnostic measures on components form long-duration tests at the INL and Ceramatec to determine the causes for the slow degradation in cell performance. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been developing high temperature porous membranes for the separation of hydrogen from the residual steam, thus avoiding the need to condense and reheat the steam. The University of Nevada at Las Vegas has been collaborating with ANL on the development of electrode and electrolyte materials and will soon begin to investigate the causes of cell degradation. HTE research also includes NERI projects at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute on the development of toughened SOEC composite seals and at the Georgia Institute of Technology on the microstructural design of SOEC materials. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The most recent large-scale test of HTE was performed from June 28 through Sept 22, 2006 at the Ceramatec plant in Salt Lake City. The test apparatus consists of two stacks of 60 cells each in a configuration that will be used in the Integrated Laboratory Scale (ILS) experiment during FY-07. The ILS will contain three modules of four stacks each. The �Half-Module� initially produced 1.2 normal m3of H2/hour and 0.65 Nm3/hr at the end of the 2040-hour continuous test.
Herring, J. S.; O' Brien, J. E.; Stoots, C. M.; Hartvigsen, J. J.; Petri, M. C.; Carter, J. D.; Bischoff, B. L.
High-temperature process heat applications with an HTGR
An 842-MW(t) HTGR-process heat (HTGR-PH) design and several synfuels and energy transport processes to which it could be coupled are described. As in other HTGR designs, the HTGR-PH has its entire primary coolant system contained in a prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV) which provides the necessary biological shielding and pressure containment. The high-temperature nuclear thermal energy is transported to the externally located process plant by a secondary helium transport loop. With a capability to produce hot helium in the secondary loop at 800/sup 0/C (1472/sup 0/F) with current designs and 900/sup 0/C (1652/sup 0/F) with advanced designs, a large number of process heat applications are potentially available. Studies have been performed for coal liquefaction and gasification using nuclear heat.
Quade, R.N.; Vrable, D.L.
High temperature heat pipe experiments in low earth orbit
Although high temperature, liquid metal heat pipe radiators have become a standard component on most high power space power system designs, there is no experimental data on the operation of these heat pipes in a zero gravity or micro-gravity environment. Experiments to benchmark the transient and steady state performance of prototypical heat pipe space radiator elements are in preparation for testing in low earth orbit. It is anticipated that these heat pipes will be tested aborad the Space Shuttle in 1995. Three heat pipes will be tested in a cargo bay Get Away Special (GAS) canister. The heat pipes are SST/potassium, each with a different wick structure; homogeneous, arterial, and annular gap, the heat pipes have been designed, fabricated, and ground tested. In this paper, the heat pipe designs are specified, and transient and steady-state ground test data are presented.
Woloshun, K.; Merrigan, M.A.; Sena, J.T. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Critchley, E. (Phillips Lab., Kirtland AFB, NM (United States))
Woloshun, K.; Merrigan, M.A.; Sena, J.T. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Critchley, E. [Phillips Lab., Kirtland AFB, NM (United States)
High temperature combustion: Approaching equilibrium using nuclear networks
A method for integrating the chemical equations associated with nuclear combustion at high temperature is presented and extensively checked. Following the idea of E. M\\"uller, the feedback between nuclear rates and temperature was taken into account by simultaneously computing molar fraction changes and temperature response in the same matrix. The resulting algorithm is very stable and efficient at calculating nuclear combustion in explosive scenarios, especially in those situations where the reacting material manages to climb to the nuclear statistical equilibrium regime. The numerical scheme may be useful not only for those who carry out hydrodynamical simulations of explosive events, but also as a tool to investigate the properties of a nuclear system approaching equilibrium through a variety of thermodynamical trajectories.
Ruben M. Cabezon Gomez; Domingo Garcia-Senz; Eduardo Bravo
Potential impact of high temperature superconductors on maglev transportation
This report describes the potential impact that high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) may have on transportation by magnetically levitated vehicles. It is not intended as a planning document, but rather as an overview of potential HTS applications to magnetic-levitation (maglev) transportation. The present maglev program in the United States is summarized, and the present status of development of HTSs is described. Areas identified for possible impact on maglev technology are (1) liquid-nitrogen-cooled levitation magnets, (2) magnetic-field shielding of the passenger compartment, (3) superconducting magnetic energy storage for wayside power, (4) superconducting bearings for flywheel energy storage for wayside power, (5) downleads to continuously powered liquid-helium-cooled levitation magnets, and (6) liquid-hydrogen-cooled levitation magnets and linear motor propulsion windings. Major technical issues that remain to be resolved for the use of HTSs in maglev applications include thermal magnetic stability, mechanical properties, and critical current density at liquid-nitrogen temperatures.
Engineering design of a high-temperature superconductor current lead
As part of the US Department of Energy's Superconductivity Pilot Center Program, Argonne National Laboratory and Superconductivity, Inc., are developing high-temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads suitable for application to superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. The principal objective of the development program is to design, construct, and evaluate the performance of HTS current leads suitable for near-term applications. Supporting objectives are to (1) develop performance criteria; (2) develop a detailed design; (3) analyze performance; (4) gain manufacturing experience in the areas of materials and components procurement, fabrication and assembly, quality assurance, and cost; (5) measure performance of critical components and the overall assembly; (6) identify design uncertainties and develop a program for their study; and (7) develop application-acceptance criteria.
Niemann, R.C.; Cha, Y.S.; Hull, J.R. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)); Daugherty, M.A.; Buckles, W.E. (Superconductivity, Inc., Madison, WI (United States))
As part of the US Department of Energy`s Superconductivity Pilot Center Program, Argonne National Laboratory and Superconductivity, Inc., are developing high-temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads suitable for application to superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. The principal objective of the development program is to design, construct, and evaluate the performance of HTS current leads suitable for near-term applications. Supporting objectives are to (1) develop performance criteria; (2) develop a detailed design; (3) analyze performance; (4) gain manufacturing experience in the areas of materials and components procurement, fabrication and assembly, quality assurance, and cost; (5) measure performance of critical components and the overall assembly; (6) identify design uncertainties and develop a program for their study; and (7) develop application-acceptance criteria.
Niemann, R.C.; Cha, Y.S.; Hull, J.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Daugherty, M.A.; Buckles, W.E. [Superconductivity, Inc., Madison, WI (United States)
Optimization of high-temperature superconductor current leads
Methods to improve the performance of high-temperature superconducting current leads are analyzed. Designs are considered that are inherently safe from burnup, even if the lead enters the normal state. The effect of a tapered lead that takes advantage of the increase in critical current density with decreasing temperature will decrease helium boiloff by about a factor of two for an area ratio of four. A new concept, in which Ag powder is distributed in increasing concentration from the cold end to the hot end of the lead in sintered YBCO, is shown to have comparable performance to that of leads made with Ag-alloy sheaths. Performance of the best inherently safe designs is about one order of magnitude better than that of optimized nonsuperconducting leads. BSCCO leads with Ag-alloy sheaths show improved performance for Au fractions up to about 3%, after which increases in Au fraction yield negligible performance improvement.
Seol, S.Y. [Chonnam National Univ., Kwangju (Korea, Democratic People`s Republic of); Hull, J.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Chyu, M.C. [Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
High performance internal reforming unit for high temperature fuel cells
A fuel reformer having an enclosure with first and second opposing surfaces, a sidewall connecting the first and second opposing surfaces and an inlet port and an outlet port in the sidewall. A plate assembly supporting a catalyst and baffles are also disposed in the enclosure. A main baffle extends into the enclosure from a point of the sidewall between the inlet and outlet ports. The main baffle cooperates with the enclosure and the plate assembly to establish a path for the flow of fuel gas through the reformer from the inlet port to the outlet port. At least a first directing baffle extends in the enclosure from one of the sidewall and the main baffle and cooperates with the plate assembly and the enclosure to alter the gas flow path. Desired graded catalyst loading pattern has been defined for optimized thermal management for the internal reforming high temperature fuel cells so as to achieve high cell performance.
Ma, Zhiwen (Sandy Hook, CT); Venkataraman, Ramakrishnan (New Milford, CT); Novacco, Lawrence J. (Brookfield, CT)
PARABOLIC DELIGNE-LUSZTIG VARIETIES. FRANC¸OIS DIGNE AND JEAN MICHEL Abstract. Motivated by the Brou´e conjecture on blocks with abelian defect groups for finite reductive groups, we study "parabolic of a braid monoid, whose action on their -adic cohomology will conjecturally factor trough a cyclotomic Hecke
A new parabolic trough solar collector P. Kohlenbach1
) power generation system. The parabolic trough collectors have been installed in the National Solar-selective paint. The absorber operates in a 50mm non-evacuated glass tube to minimize convection losses. Thermal and power generation (CHP), CSIRO has built a solar thermal parabolic trough collector field which
High-temperature Hydrogen Permeation in Nickel Alloys
In gas cooled Very High Temperature Reactor concepts, tritium is produced as a tertiary fission product and by activation of graphite core contaminants, such as lithium; of the helium isotope, He-3, that is naturally present in the He gas coolant; and the boron in the B4C burnable poison. Because of its high mobility at the reactor outlet temperatures, tritium poses a risk of permeating through the walls of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) or steam generator (SG) systems, potentially contaminating the environment and in particular the hydrogen product when the reactor heat is utilized in connection with a hydrogen generation plant. An experiment to measure tritium permeation in structural materials at temperatures up to 1000 C has been constructed at the Idaho National Laboratory Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) facility within the Next Generation Nuclear Plant program. The design is based on two counter flowing helium loops to represent heat exchanger conditions and was optimized to allow control of the materials surface condition and the investigation of the effects of thermal fatigue. In the ongoing campaign three nickel alloys are being considered because of their high-temperature creep properties, alloy 617, 800H and 230. This paper introduces the general issues related to tritium in the on-going assessment of gas cooled VHTR systems fission product transport and outlines the planned research activities in this area; outlines the features and capabilities of the experimental facility being operated at INL; presents and discusses the initial results of hydrogen permeability measurements in two of the selected alloys and compares them with the available database from previous studies.
P. Calderoni; M. Ebner; R. Pawelko
High pressure/high temperature thermogravimetric apparatus. Final report
The purpose of this instrumentation grant was to acquire a state-of-the-art, high pressure, high temperature thermogravimetric apparatus (HP/HT TGA) system for the study of the interactions between gases and carbonaceous solids for the purpose of solving problems related to coal utilization and applications of carbon materials. The instrument that we identified for this purpose was manufactured by DMT (Deutsche Montan Technologies)--Institute of Cokemaking and Coal Chemistry of Essen, Germany. Particular features of note include: Two reactors: a standard TGA reactor, capable of 1100 C at 100 bar; and a high temperature (HT) reactor, capable of operation at 1600 C and 100 bar; A steam generator capable of generating steam to 100 bar; Flow controllers and gas mixing system for up to three reaction gases, plus a separate circuit for steam, and another for purge gas; and An automated software system for data acquisition and control. The HP/TP DMT-TGA apparatus was purchased in 1996 and installed and commissioned during the summer of 1996. The apparatus was located in Room 128 of the Prince Engineering Building at Brown University. A hydrogen alarm and vent system were added for safety considerations. The system has been interfaced to an Ametek quadruple mass spectrometer (MA 100), pumped by a Varian V250 turbomolecular pump, as provided for in the original proposed. With this capability, a number of gas phase species of interest can be monitored in a near-simultaneous fashion. The MS can be used in a few different modes. During high pressure, steady-state gasification experiments, it is used to sample, measure, and monitor the reactant/product gases. It can also be used to monitor gas phase species during nonisothermal temperature programmed reaction (TPR) or temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments.
Calo, J.M.; Suuberg, E.M.
Assessment of microelectronics packaging for high temperature, high reliability applications
This report details characterization and development activities in electronic packaging for high temperature applications. This project was conducted through a Department of Energy sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Sandia National Laboratories and General Motors. Even though the target application of this collaborative effort is an automotive electronic throttle control system which would be located in the engine compartment, results of this work are directly applicable to Sandia`s national security mission. The component count associated with the throttle control dictates the use of high density packaging not offered by conventional surface mount. An enabling packaging technology was selected and thermal models defined which characterized the thermal and mechanical response of the throttle control module. These models were used to optimize thick film multichip module design, characterize the thermal signatures of the electronic components inside the module, and to determine the temperature field and resulting thermal stresses under conditions that may be encountered during the operational life of the throttle control module. Because the need to use unpackaged devices limits the level of testing that can be performed either at the wafer level or as individual dice, an approach to assure a high level of reliability of the unpackaged components was formulated. Component assembly and interconnect technologies were also evaluated and characterized for high temperature applications. Electrical, mechanical and chemical characterizations of enabling die and component attach technologies were performed. Additionally, studies were conducted to assess the performance and reliability of gold and aluminum wire bonding to thick film conductor inks. Kinetic models were developed and validated to estimate wire bond reliability.
Uribe, F.
Heat-pipe development for high-temperature recuperator application
Heat pipes have been developed for operation in oxidizing atmospheres at temperatures above 1100/sup 0/K. The heat pipes comprise a metallic liner and wick structure with a protective outer shell of an oxidation resistant material. The working fluids used in the heat pipes are alkali metals. A number of configurations have been evaluated, ranging from pipes using a metallic inner liner of a chemically vapor deposited (CVD) refractory metal applied to ceramic tubing, to one utilizing ferrous materials with an outer layer of a developed oxide. A promising intermediate configuration consisting of free-standing refractory tubing covered with a layered structure of fine grain, equi-axed CVD silicon carbide has also been evaluated. The test heat pipe was fabricated using low-carbon, arc-cast molybdenum tubing and a wick composed of 150 mesh molybdenum screen. Hafnium gettering was used with sodium working fluid. Assembly of the pipe was by electron beam welding. Following closure and capping of the fill tube the assembly was operated in a vacuum for several hours prior to the chemical vapor deposition of the exterior ceramic coating. After coating, the pipe was operated in air and in combustion gases for performance evaluation. The use of iron-chromium-aluminum alloys as container materials for operating in high temperature oxidizing and sulfiding gas streams has been investigated. Alloys of this type develop heavy, protective oxide surface layers when exposed to high temperature oxidizing atmospheres, and are commonly used in electrical heating elements because of their exceptional oxidation resistance.
Merrigan, M.; Dunwoody, W.; Lundberg, L.
The experimental evaluation and application of high temperature solid lubricants
A research program meant to develop an understanding of high temperature solid lubrication and experimental techniques through the development of a composite lubricant coating system was described. The knowledge gained through this research was then applied to a specific engineering challenge, the tribology of a sliding seal for hypersonic flight vehicles. The solid lubricant coating is a chromium carbide based composite combined with silver, which acts as a low temperature lubricant, and barium fluoride/calcium fluoride eutectic, which acts as a high temperature lubricant. This composite coating provides good wear resistance and low friction for sliding contacts from room temperature to over 900 C in reducing or oxidative environments. The specific research on this coating included a composition screening using a foil gas bearing test rig and the use of thin silver films to reduce initial wear using a pin-on-disk test rig. The chemical stability of the materials used was also addressed. This research indicated that soft metallic films and materials which become soft at elevated temperatures are potentially good lubricants. The general results from the experiments with the model solid libricant coating were then applied to a sliding seal design concept. This seal design requires that a braided ceramic fabric slide against a variety of metal counterface materials at temperatures from 25 to 850 C in an oxidative environment. A pin-on-disk tribometer was used to evaluate the tribological properties of these materials and to develop lubrication techniques. The results indicate that these materials must be lubricated to prevent wear and reduce friction. Thin films of silver, gold and calcium fluoride provided lubrication to the sliding materials. The data obtained and the lubrication techniques developed provide important information to designers of sliding seals.
Dellacorte, C.
Quantum tunneling, quantum computing, and high temperature superconductivity
In this dissertation, I have studied four theoretical problems in quantum tunneling, quantum computing, and high-temperature superconductivity. I have developed a generally-useful numerical tool for analyzing impurity-induced resonant-state images observed with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in high temperature superconductors. The integrated tunneling intensities on all predominant sites have been estimated. The results can be used to test the predictions of any tight-binding model calculation. I have numerically simulated two-dimensional time-dependent tunneling of a Gaussian wave packet through a barrier, which contains charged ions. We have found that a negative ion in the barrier directly below the tunneling tip can deflect the tunneling electrons and drastically reduce the probability for them to reach the point in the target plane directly below the tunneling tip. I have studied an infinite family of sure-success quantum algorithms, which are introduced by C.-R. Hu [Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 66}, 042301 (2002)], for solving a generalized Grover search problem. Rigorous proofs are found for several conjectures made by Hu and explicit equations are obtained for finding the values of two phase parameters which make the algorithms sure success. Using self-consistent Hartree-Fock theory, I have studied an extended Hubbard model which includes quasi-long-range Coulomb interaction between the holes (characterized by parameter V). I have found that for sufficiently large V/t, doubly-charged-antiphase-island do become energetically favored localized objects in this system for moderate values of U/t, thus supporting a recent conjecture by C.-R. Hu [Int. J. Mod. Phys. B {\\bf 17}, 3284 (2003)].
Wang, Qian
Supercell Depletion Studies for Prismatic High Temperature Reactors
The traditional two-step method of analysis is not accurate enough to represent the neutronic effects present in the prismatic high temperature reactor concept. The long range coupling of the various regions in high temperature reactors poses a set of challenges that are not seen in either LWRs or fast reactors. Unlike LWRs, which exhibit large, localized effects, the dominant effects in PMRs are, for the most part, distributed over larger regions, but with lower magnitude. The 1-D in-line treatment currently used in pebble bed reactor analysis is not sufficient because of the 2-D nature of the prismatic blocks. Considerable challenges exist in the modeling of blocks in the vicinity of reflectors, which, for current small modular reactor designs with thin annular cores, include the majority of the blocks. Additional challenges involve the treatment of burnable poisons, operational and shutdown control rods. The use of a large domain for cross section preparation provides a better representation of the neutron spectrum, enables the proper modeling of BPs and CRs, allows the calculation of generalized equivalence theory parameters, and generates a relative power distribution that can be used in compact power reconstruction. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effects of the reflector, burnable poison, and operational control rods on an LEU design and to delineate an analysis approach for the Idaho National Laboratory. This work concludes that the use of supercells should capture these long-range effects in the preparation of cross sections and along with a set of triangular meshes to treat BPs, and CRs a high fidelity neutronics computation is attainable.
J. Ortensi
SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver
High-Temperature Falling-Particle High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: High-Temperature Falling-Particle Receiver on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Systems Components Competitive Awards CSP Research & Development Thermal Storage CSP Recovery Act Baseload CSP SunShot Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
Advancement of High Temperature Black Liquor Gasification Technology
Weyerhaeuser operates the world's only commercial high-temperature black liquor gasifier at its pulp mill in New Bern, NC. The unit was started-up in December 1996 and currently processes about 15% of the mill's black liquor. Weyerhaeuser, Chemrec AB (the gasifier technology developer), and the U.S. Department of Energy recognized that the long-term, continuous operation of the New Bern gasifier offered a unique opportunity to advance the state of high temperature black liquor gasification toward the commercial-scale pressurized O2-blown gasification technology needed as a foundation for the Forest Products Bio-Refinery of the future. Weyerhaeuser along with its subcontracting partners submitted a proposal in response to the 2004 joint USDOE and USDA solicitation - 'Biomass Research and Development Initiative'. The Weyerhaeuser project 'Advancement of High Temperature Black Liquor Gasification' was awarded USDOE Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT42259 in November 2004. The overall goal of the DOE sponsored project was to utilize the Chemrec{trademark} black liquor gasification facility at New Bern as a test bed for advancing the development status of molten phase black liquor gasification. In particular, project tasks were directed at improvements to process performance and reliability. The effort featured the development and validation of advanced CFD modeling tools and the application of these tools to direct burner technology modifications. The project also focused on gaining a fundamental understanding and developing practical solutions to address condensate and green liquor scaling issues, and process integration issues related to gasifier dregs and product gas scrubbing. The Project was conducted in two phases with a review point between the phases. Weyerhaeuser pulled together a team of collaborators to undertake these tasks. Chemrec AB, the technology supplier, was intimately involved in most tasks, and focused primarily on the design, specification and procurement of facility upgrades. Chemrec AB is also operating a pressurized, O2-blown gasifier pilot facility in Piteaa, Sweden. There was an exchange of knowledge with the pressurized projects including utilization of the experimental results from facilities in Piteaa, Sweden. Resources at the Georgia Tech Research Corporation (GTRC, a.k.a., the Institute of Paper Science and Technology) were employed primarily to conduct the fundamental investigations on scaling and plugging mechanisms and characterization of green liquor dregs. The project also tapped GTRC expertise in the development of the critical underlying black liquor gasification rate subroutines employed in the CFD code. The actual CFD code development and application was undertaken by Process Simulation, Ltd (PSL) and Simulent, Ltd. PSL focused on the overall integrated gasifier CFD code, while Simulent focused on modeling the black liquor nozzle and description of the black liquor spray. For nozzle development and testing Chemrec collaborated with ETC (Energy Technology Centre) in Piteae utilizing their test facility for nozzle spray investigation. GTI (Gas Technology Institute), Des Plains, IL supported the team with advanced gas analysis equipment during the gasifier test period in June 2005.
Craig Brown; Ingvar Landalv; Ragnar Stare; Jerry Yuan; Nikolai DeMartini; Nasser Ashgriz
This project aimed at synthesis of a new inorganic dual-phase carbonate membrane for high temperature CO{sub 2} separation. Metal-carbonate dual-phase membranes were prepared by the direct infiltration method and the synthesis conditions were optimized. Permeation tests for CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} from 450-750 C showed very low permeances of those two gases through the dual-phase membrane, which was expected due to the lack of ionization of those two particular gases. Permeance of the CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} mixture was much higher, indicating that the gases do form an ionic species, CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, enhancing transport through the membrane. However, at temperatures in excess of 650 C, the permeance of CO{sub 3}{sup 2-} decreased rapidly, while predictions showed that permeance should have continued to increase with temperature. XRD data obtained from used membrane indicated that lithium iron oxides formed on the support surface. This lithium iron oxide layer has a very low conductivity, which drastically reduces the flow of electrons to the CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} gas mixture; thus limiting the formation of the ionic species required for transport through the membrane. These results indicated that the use of stainless steel supports in a high temperature oxidative environment can lead to decreased performance of the membranes. This revelation created the need for an oxidation resistant support, which could be gained by the use of a ceramic-type membrane. Work was extended to synthesize a new inorganic dual-phase carbonate membrane for high temperature CO{sub 2} separation. Helium permeance of the support before and after infiltration of molten carbonate are on the order of 10{sup -6} and 10{sup -10} moles/m{sup 2} {center_dot} Pa {center_dot} s respectively, indicating that the molten carbonate is able to sufficiently infiltrate the membrane. It was found that La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (LSCF) was a suitable candidate for the support material. This support material proved to separate CO{sub 2} when combined with O{sub 2} at a flux of 0.194 ml/min {center_dot} cm{sup 2} at 850 C. It was also observed that, because LSCF is a mixed conductor (conductor of both electrons and oxygen ions), the support was able to provide its own oxygen to facilitate separation of CO{sub 2}. Without feeding O{sub 2}, the LSCF dual phase membrane produced a maximum CO{sub 2} flux of 0.246 ml/min {center_dot} cm{sup 2} at 900 C.
Jerry Lin
C20: In Situ High Temperature X-ray Analysis of a Supermartensitic ...
Differential Characterization of Ikperejere Iron shale and Iron Sandstone Deposit � Direct Precipitation of ... High Temperature Exposure of Oil Well Cements.
Irradiation Effects on High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Structural Materials
G. Irradiation Behavior / Status of Metallic Materials Development for Application in Advanced High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor / Material
James R. Lindgren
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is performing high-temperature electrolysis research to generate hydrogen using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The project goals are to address the technical and degradation issues associated with the SOECs. This paper provides a summary of various ongoing INL and INL sponsored activities aimed at addressing SOEC degradation. These activities include stack testing, post-test examination, degradation modeling, and a list of issues that need to be addressed in future. Major degradation issues relating to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are relatively better understood than those for SOECs. Some of the degradation mechanisms in SOFCs include contact problems between adjacent cell components, microstructural deterioration (coarsening) of the porous electrodes, and blocking of the reaction sites within the electrodes. Contact problems include delamination of an electrode from the electrolyte, growth of a poorly (electronically) conducting oxide layer between the metallic interconnect plates and the electrodes, and lack of contact between the interconnect and the electrode. INL's test results on high temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide cells do not provide a clear evidence whether different events lead to similar or drastically different electrochemical degradation mechanisms. Post-test examination of the solid oxide electrolysis cells showed that the hydrogen electrode and interconnect get partially oxidized and become non-conductive. This is most likely caused by the hydrogen stream composition and flow rate during cool down. The oxygen electrode side of the stacks seemed to be responsible for the observed degradation due to large areas of electrode delamination. Based on the oxygen electrode appearance, the degradation of these stacks was largely controlled by the oxygen electrode delamination rate. University of Utah (Virkar) has developed a SOEC model based on concepts in local thermodynamic equilibrium in systems otherwise in global thermodynamic non-equilibrium. This model is under continued development. It shows that electronic conduction through the electrolyte, however small, must be taken into account for determining local oxygen chemical potential, within the electrolyte. The chemical potential within the electrolyte may lie out of bounds in relation to values at the electrodes in the electrolyzer mode. Under certain conditions, high pressures can develop in the electrolyte just under the oxygen electrode (anode)/electrolyte interface, leading to electrode delamination. This theory is being further refined and tested by introducing some electronic conduction in the electrolyte.
M. S. Sohal; J. E. O'Brien; C. M. Stoots; V. I. Sharma; B. Yildiz; A. Virkar
High Temperature Calcination - MACT Upgrade Equipment Pilot Plant Test
About one million gallons of acidic, hazardous, and radioactive sodium-bearing waste are stored in stainless steel tanks at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), which is a major operating facility of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Calcination at high-temperature conditions (600 C, with alumina nitrate and calcium nitrate chemical addition to the feed) is one of four options currently being considered by the Department of Energy for treatment of the remaining tank wastes. If calcination is selected for future processing of the sodium-bearing waste, it will be necessary to install new off-gas control equipment in the New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) to comply with the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for hazardous waste combustors and incinerators. This will require, as a minimum, installing a carbon bed to reduce mercury emissions from their current level of up to 7,500 to <45 {micro}g/dscm, and a staged combustor to reduce unburned kerosene fuel in the off-gas discharge to <100 ppm CO and <10 ppm hydrocarbons. The staged combustor will also reduce NOx concentrations of about 35,000 ppm by 90-95%. A pilot-plant calcination test was completed in a newly constructed 15-cm diameter calciner vessel. The pilot-plant facility was equipped with a prototype MACT off-gas control system, including a highly efficient cyclone separator and off-gas quench/venturi scrubber for particulate removal, a staged combustor for unburned hydrocarbon and NOx destruction, and a packed activated carbon bed for mercury removal and residual chloride capture. Pilot-plant testing was performed during a 50-hour system operability test January 14-16, followed by a 100-hour high-temperature calcination pilot-plant calcination run January 19-23. Two flowsheet blends were tested: a 50-hour test with an aluminum-to-alkali metal molar ratio (AAR) of 2.25, and a 50-hour test with an AAR of 1.75. Results of the testing indicate that sodium-bearing waste can be successfully calcined at 600 C with an AAR of 1.75. Unburned hydrocarbons are reduced to less than 10 ppm (7% O2, dry basis), with >90% reduction of NOx emissions. Mercury removal by the carbon bed reached 99.99%, surpassing the control efficiency needed to meet MACT emissions standards. No deleterious impacts on the carbon bed were observed during the tests. The test results imply that upgrading the NWCF calciner with a more efficient cyclone separator and the proposed MACT equipment can process the remaining tanks wastes in 3 years or less, and comply with the MACT standards.
Richard D. Boardman; B. H. O& #39; Brien; N. R. Soelberg; S. O. Bates; R. A. Wood; C. St. Michel
ELSEVIER Physica B 239(1997)I-5 High temperature shock consolidation of hard ceramic powders
ELSEVIER Physica B 239(1997)I-5 High temperature shock consolidation of hard ceramic powders K conducted. Keywords: High pressure; High temperature; Shock waves; Shock consolidation of powders 1 of strong shock waves. The use of high temperature is expected to enhance plastic defor- mation and surface
Meyers, Marc A.
Method of manufacturing a high temperature superconductor with improved transport properties
A method of preparing a high temperature superconductor. A method of preparing a superconductor includes providing a powdered high temperature superconductor and a nanophase paramagnetic material. These components are combined to form a solid compacted mass with the paramagnetic material disposed on the grain boundaries of the polycrystaline high temperature superconductor.
Balachandran, Uthamalingam (Hinsdale, IL); Siegel, Richard W. (Hinsdale, IL); Askew, Thomas R. (Kalamazoo, MI)
Membrane dish analysis: A summary of structural and optical analysis capabilities
Research at SERI within the Department of Energy's Solar Thermal Technology Program has focused on the development of membrane dish concentrators for space and terrestrial power applications. As potentially lightweight, inexpensive, high-performance structures, they are excellent candidates for space-deployable energy sources as well as cost-effective terrestrial energy concepts. A thorough engineering research treatment of these types of structures consists primarily of two parts: (1) structural mechanics of the membrane and ring support and (2) analysis and characterization of the concentrator optical performance. It is important to understand the effects of the membrane's structure and support system on the optical performance of the concentrator. This requires an interface between appropriate structural and optical models. Until recently, such models and the required interface have not existed. This report documents research that has been conducted at SERI in this area. It is a compilation of several papers describing structural models of membrane dish structures and optical models used to predict dish concentrator optical and thermal performance. The structural models were developed under SERI subcontract by Dr. Steele and Dr. Balch of Stanford University. The optical model was developed in-house by SERI staff. In addition, the interface between the models is described. It allows easy and thorough characterization of membrane dish systems from the mechanics to the resulting optical performance. The models described herein have been and continue to be extremely useful to SERI, industry, and universities involved with the modeling and analysis of lightweight membrane concentrators for solar thermal applications.
Steele, C.R.; Balch, C.D.; Jorgensen, G.J.; Wendelin, T.; Lewandowski, A.
High-temperature gas stream filter and method
The present invention relates generally to the removal of solid particulate material from high-temperature gas streams, and more particularly the removal of such particulate material by employing a barrier filter formed of a carbon-carbon composite provided by a porous carbon fiber substrate with open interstitial regions between adjacently disposed carbon fibers selectively restricted by carbon integrally attached to the carbon fibers of the substrate. In a typical utilization of a particulate-bearing hot gas stream, the particulate loading of the gas stream after cleaning is normally less than about 50 ppm and with essentially no particulates larger than about 10 microns. This carbon-carbon filter for removing particulate material of a particle size larger than a preselected particle size from a gas stream at a temperature greater than about 800 F, is produced by the steps which comprise: providing a substrate of carbonaceous fibers with pore-forming open interstitial regions between adjacently disposed fibers; and, sufficiently filling these open interstitial regions with carbon integrally attached to and supported by the fibers for providing the interstitial regions with throughgoing passage-ways of a pore size sufficient to provide for the passage of the gas stream while preventing the passage of particulate material larger than a preselected particle size.
Notestein, J.E.
Protonation enthalpies of metal oxides from high temperature electrophoresis.
Surface protonation reactions play an important role in the behavior of mineral and colloidal systems, specifically in hydrothermal aqueous environments. However, studies addressing the reactions at the solid/liquid interface at temperatures above 100 C are scarce. In this study, newly and previously obtained high temperature electrophoresis data (up to 260 C) - zeta potentials and isoelectric points - for metal oxides, including SiO{sub 2}, SnO{sub 2}, ZrO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}, and Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, were used in thermodynamic analysis to derive the standard enthalpies of their surface protonation. Two different approaches were used for calculating the protonation enthalpy: one is based on thermodynamic description of the 1-pKa model for surface protonation, and another one - on a combination of crystal chemistry and solvation theories which link the relative permittivity of the solid phase and the ratio of the Pauling bond strength and bond length to standard protonation enthalpy. From this analysis, two expressions relating the protonation enthalpy to the relative permittivity of the solid phase were obtained.
Rodriguez-Santiago, V [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Fedkin, Mark V [ORNL; Lvov, Serguei N. [Pennsylvania State University